Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
In physics, the impact parameter  is defined as the perpendicular distance between the path of a projectile and the center of a potential field   created by an object that the projectile is approaching (see diagram). It is often referred to in nuclear physics (see Rutherford scattering) and in classical mechanics.

The impact parameter is related to the scattering angle  by
 
where  is the velocity of the projectile when it is far from the center, and  is its closest distance from the center.

Scattering from a hard sphere
The simplest example illustrating the use of the impact parameter is in the case of scattering from a  sphere. Here, the object that the projectile is approaching is a hard sphere with radius . In the case of a hard sphere,  when , and   for . When , the projectile misses the hard sphere. We immediately see that . When , we find that

Collision centrality 
In high-energy nuclear physics — specifically, in colliding-beam experiments — collisions may be classified according to their impact parameter. Central collisions have , peripheral collisions have , and ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs) have , where the colliding nuclei are viewed as hard spheres with radius .

Because the color force has an extremely short range, it cannot couple quarks that are separated by much more than one nucleon's radius; hence, strong interactions are suppressed in peripheral and ultraperipheral collisions. This means that final-state particle multiplicity (the total number of particles resulting from the collision), is typically greatest in the most central collisions, due to the partons involved having the greatest probability of interacting in some way. This has led to charged particle multiplicity being used as a common measure of collision centrality, as charged particles are much easier to detect than uncharged particles.

Because strong interactions are effectively impossible in ultraperipheral collisions, they may be used to study electromagnetic interactions — i.e. photon–photon, photon–nucleon, or photon–nucleus interactions — with low background contamination. Because UPCs typically produce only two to four final-state particles, they are also relatively "clean" when compared to central collisions, which may produce hundreds of particles per event.

See also
Distance of closest approach

Tests of general relativity

References

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nuclear/rutsca2.html

Classical mechanics
The Arthur H. Clark Company (founded 1902) is a major printer of publications related to the history of the Western United States.

The company was named for its founder Arthur Henry Clark (1868-1951).  He was born and raised in England and attended the University of Oxford for a time before having to find work because of reverses in his family finances.  He then began an apprenticeship with the publishing house of Henry Southern & Company.  After completing his apprenticeship he moved to Chicago, Illinois where he took a job in Alexander C. McClurg's publishing house A. C. McClurg and Company. In 1892 Clark established his own bookstore in Chicago.  He was then recruited by Burrows Brothers of Cleveland, Ohio where he became manager of their rare book sales.  While with Burrows Brothers Clark was the main force behind the publication of The Jesuit Relations (first published 1632–1673).

In 1902 Clark established Arthur H. Clark company as a bookselling and publishing establishment in Cleveland.  The company's first publication was a 16-volume collection by Archer Butler Hulbert on historical trails in the United States east of the Mississippi.  The next publication was a collection of the lectures of historian John Bach McMaster.  

In 1930 the company headquarters were relocated to Glendale, California.  The biggest undertaking of the company in the decade after its founders death when leadership was taken over by Arthur H. Clark, Jr. was the 14 Volume The Far West and the Rockies, 1820-1875, a collection of primary documents of early Western United States history edited by Leroy R. Hafen and his wife Ann W. Hafen.

In July 2006, the company was acquired by the University of Oklahoma Press and relocated to Norman, Oklahoma, where it continues as an imprint.

Sources
 Includes a brief company history and a full bibliography to 2002.

External links

References

Publishing companies established in 1902
Publishing companies of the United States
Ben Conde is an American professional yo-yo player and enthusiast.  He is currently ranked number 1 in North America in the off-string division.

Ben has been playing with yo-yos since he was 4 years old.  By profession, he is a graphic designer and he lives in Los Angeles.  Of the five types of yo-yo playing, he is particularly interested in off-string yoyoing.

References

Yo-yo performers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Albéric de Montgolfier (born 6 July 1964) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Eure-et-Loir department.  He is a member of The Republicans.

References
Page on the Senate website

1964 births
Living people
Politicians from Neuilly-sur-Seine
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
The Strong Right
French Senators of the Fifth Republic
Sciences Po alumni
Paris Dauphine University alumni
Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas University alumni
Senators of Eure-et-Loir
The Republicans (France) politicians
21st-century French lawyers
The following lists events that happened during 1996 in Laos.

Incumbents
President: Nouhak Phoumsavanh 
Vice President: Sisavath Keobounphanh (starting unknown date)
Prime Minister: Khamtai Siphandon

Events

March
18-20 March - 6th Congress of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party

References

 
Years of the 20th century in Laos
Laos
1990s in Laos
Laos
{{DISPLAYTITLE:C26H42O3}}
The molecular formula C26H42O3 (molar mass: 402.61 g/mol, exact mass: 402.3134 u) may refer to:

 Androstanolone enanthate (DHTH), also known as stanolone enanthate
 CP 55,244
Blink is an album from Christian rock band Revive released on June 22, 2010. Blink is their fourth studio album and second release on Essential Records.

Track listing

References 

2010 albums
Revive (band) albums
Frédéric Manns (3 October 1942 – 22 December 2021) was a French biblical scholar.

Biography
Manns studied at a seminary in Metz and joined the Order of Friars Minor following secondary school. After his military service, he began studying theology at the . He was ordained a priest in 1969 and subsequently began his Bible studies in Rome. A Franciscan, he became a professor of New Testament exegesis in 1972 and directed the Faculty of Biblical Sciences at Studium Biblicum Franciscanum from 1996 to 2001. He specialized in the study of Christianity and Judaism in the early Common Era and particularly focused on the Gospel of John.

He died in Jerusalem on 22 December 2021, at the age of 79.

Works
Essais sur le judéo-christianisme (1977)
Bibliographie du judéo-christianisme (1979)
Le symbole eau-esprit dans le judaïsme ancien (1983)
Pour lire la Mishna (1984)
La prière d'Israël à l'heure de Jésus (1986)
Le récit de la dormition de la Vierge. Contribution à l'étude des origines de l'exégèse chrétienne (1989)
L'Évangile de Jean à la lumière du judaïsme (1991)
Le judaïsme, milieu et mémoire du Nouveau Testament (1992)
Jésus, fils de David (1994)
Lire la Bible en Église (1996)
L'Israël de Dieu, essai sur le christianisme primitif (1996)
« Là où est l'esprit, là est la liberté » (1998)
Une approche juive du Nouveau Testament (1999)
Abba, au risque de la paternité de Dieu (1999)
Le judéo-christianisme, mémoire ou prophétie (2000)
Le midrash, approche et commentaire de l'Écriture (2001)
Les enfants de Rebecca, judaïsme et christianisme aux premiers siècles de notre ère (2001)
L'Évangile de Jean et la sagesse (2003)
Il avait deux fils, judaïsme et christianisme en dialogue (2004)
Heureuse es-tu toi qui as cru. Marie, une femme juive (2005)
Les Racines juives du christianisme (2006)
Que sait-on de Marie et de la Nativité ? (2006)
Shaoul de Tarsos, l'appel du large (2008)
Voici l'homme. une lecture juive des Évangiles (2008)
Sinfonia della parola (2009)
François, va répare mon Église (2009)
Qu'est-ce que la nouvelle évangélisation ? (2012)

References

1942 births
2021 deaths
20th-century French writers
21st-century French writers
French religious writers
Friars Minor
People from Gradiška, Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Borsato Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Late Devonian (Frasnian) age. It is present on the western edge of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin in the southern Rocky Mountains of Alberta and British Columbia. It consists of dolomite and was named for Mount Borsato in the Flathead Range near North Kootenay Pass by R.A. Price in 1965.

The formation is fossiliferous and includes remains of stromatoporoids and tabulate corals.

Thickness and lithology 
The Borsato Formation is  thick. It was deposited in a reefal environment and consists of dark coloured, medium- to thick-bedded, medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomite.

Distribution and relationship to other units 
The Borsato Formation is present in the Rocky Mountains of southeastern British Columbia and southwestern Alberta, west of the Lewis Thrust Fault and south of about 49° 45". It overlies the Hollebeke Formation, and is overlain by the Mount Hawk Formation or the Peechee Member of the Southesk Formation, depending on the location.

References 

Geologic formations of Alberta
Geologic formations of British Columbia
Devonian Alberta
Devonian British Columbia
Frasnian Stage
Dolomite formations
Reef deposits
Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of North America
Paleontology in Alberta
André-Jean Lebrun (1737–1811) was a French sculptor.

Life

André-Jean Lebrun was born in Paris in 1737. He studied under Jean-Baptiste Pigalle.
Lebrun won the Grand Prix of the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture in 1756.
He tied with the sculptor Pierre-François Berruer (1733–1797), winning a scholarship to the Villa Medici in Rome.
In Rome he made a number of statues for the church of San Carlo al Corso.
These included a statue of Judith. He also carved a bust of Pope Clement XIII (1768).
He became a member of the Académie de Saint-Luc and the Académie de Marseille.

Lebrun was invited to Poland on the recommendation of Madame Geoffrin.
and was appointed chief sculptor to King Stanisław August Poniatowski.
He also worked in Saint Petersburg, Russia, where he made a bust of the Empress Maria Feodorovna.
In 1804, he became professor of sculpture at Vilnius University.

He died in Vilnius in 1811.

Works

The Louvre holds three drawings by Lebrun:
Trois jeunes femmes drapées à l'antique, dansant devant un buste
Composition allégorique avec Athéna
Neptune tenant son trident, dans un médaillon orné

Sculpture includes:
Statue of David, San Carlo al Corso, Rome
Bust of Count Kirill Razumovsky (1766) Marble. Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow
Bust of Cardinal Giuseppe Maria Feroni (1767) Marble. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Bust of King Stanislas Auguste II Poniatowski (1784) New Hrodna Castle, Belarus

References
Citations

Sources

External links
 

1737 births
1811 deaths
French sculptors
French male sculptors
Terrie Pickerill is a Democratic political strategist and co-founder and managing partner of SnyderPickerill Media Group, a Chicago-based media firm specializing in the production of political television advertising for state and national political campaigns and candidates.

Career 
Pickerill began her career as a coordinator for the Netsch for Governor campaign in 1994, where she recruited and managed volunteers and helped create and implement the statewide field program. She then worked for the Illinois Comptroller’s office, where she created a comprehensive database for the state’s 7,246 local governments and a paperless filing system, the basis for a system still in use.

Prior to founding SP Media Group with fellow political consultant Ken Snyder, Pickerill was Senior Vice President at AKPD Message and Media (formerly Axelrod and Associates), where she had a leading role in some of the most important political campaigns of her generation, including the election of president Barack Obama.

In 2001, Terrie was chosen as a member of the inaugural class of the Illinois Women’s Institute for Leadership, a program that trains and encourages women to run for office.

Pickerill and Snyder founded SP Media Group in July 2010.  They met while working for David Axelrod on John Schmidt's unsuccessful 1997 gubernatorial campaign, and both cite him as a mentor. Pickerill says Axelrod taught her how to tell a story in a 30-second ad, and the importance of "not being too slick" with ads. Snyder's commercials for Cook County State's Attorney Anita Alvarez were deemed "brilliant" by the Reader's Mick Dumke, and a reason Alvarez, a political unknown, was able to win her race in 2008.

Personal life 

Pickerill resides in Illinois, with her husband and two children.

References 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
People from Oak Park, Illinois
Illinois Democrats
A fetish club is a nightclub, bar, social club or other entertainment hub which caters to clientele interested in some of (but not necessarily all) fetish fashion, bondage, dominance/submission, and/or sadism and masochism (BDSM). Some clubs have active "play" going on inside the club while others are a socialising place for like-minded people.
Fetish Community events take place at specialty fare hosted at other public venues and night clubs.

Activities at fetish clubs have been interpreted as "neo-burlesque, freak show, queer and body mutation styles".  The fetish club as carnival represents a rejection of "official" world views.

See also
 List of universities with BDSM clubs
 Play party (BDSM)
 Munch (BDSM)
 Sex club

References

Fetish subculture
BDSM terminology
This is a list of electoral division results for the 2019 Australian federal election in the state of Western Australia.

This election was held using instant runoff voting. There were two "turn-overs" at this election. Labor won the seats of Cowan and Perth despite the Liberals finishing first.

Overall results

Results by division

Brand

Burt

Canning

Cowan

Curtin

Durack

Forrest

Fremantle

Hasluck

Moore

O'Connor

Pearce

Perth

Stirling

Swan

Tangney

References

2019 Australian federal election
Western Australia 2019
The Frost King Stakes is a Thoroughbred horse race run annually in mid November at Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. An Ontario Sire Stakes, it is a restricted race for two-year-olds and is raced over a distance of seven furlongs on Polytrack synthetic dirt. It currently carries a purse of $97,900.

The race was named in honor of Frost King, the 1982 Canadian Horse of the Year and a Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame inductee.

Records
Speed  record: 
 1:23.09 - Stuck In Traffic (2007) (on Polytrack)
 1:24.20 - Eastern Answer (on dirt)

Most wins by an owner:
 2 - Ralph Lococo & Mary Biamonte (2011, 2013)

Most wins by a jockey:
 3 - Patrick Husbands (2011, 2012, 2013)
 2 - Richard Dos Ramos (1997, 2002)
 2 - Todd Kabel (1999, 2004)

Most wins by a trainer:
  2 - Ralph Biamonte (2011, 2013)

Winners of the Frost King Stakes

References
 The Frost King Stakes at Pedigree Query

Ontario Sire Stakes
Ungraded stakes races in Canada
Flat horse races for two-year-olds
Recurring sporting events established in 1997
Woodbine Racetrack
The 2018 European Sumo Championships took place in Plovdiv (Bulgaria). from April 26 to 30, 2018. The European Sumo Federation and the Bulgarian Sumo Federation.

Medal overview (U23 Men's)

Medal overview (Senior Men)

Medal overview (U23 Women's)

Medal overview (Senior Women)

References

External links 
 European Sumo Federation (EFS)
 Russia Sumo Federation (RFS)
 POLSKI ZWIĄZEK SUMO 

Sumo competitions
2018 in Bulgarian sport
sumo
Sport in Plovdiv
International sports competitions hosted by Bulgaria
Philippe Baby Casgrain (December 30, 1826 – May 23, 1917) was a Quebec lawyer, author and political figure. He represented L'Islet in the House of Commons of Canada as a Liberal member from 1873 to 1891.

He was born in Quebec City in 1826, the son of Charles-Eusèbe Casgrain, and studied at the College of Ste. Anne de la Pocatière. He articled in law with Jean-Thomas Taschereau, was called to the bar in 1850 and practiced at Quebec with Pierre Joseph Olivier Chauveau. In 1854, he married Mathilde Perrault. He was named deputy prothonotary for the Quebec Superior Court in Quebec district. Casgrain was named Queen's Counsel in 1879. After he retired from politics, he was clerk for the Quebec Circuit and Revision Court. He served several terms as president of the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec.

Casgrain published a number of works on the history of Canada, including:
Letellier de Saint-Just et son temps (1895)
La vie de Joseph-François Perrault, surnommé le père de l'éducation du peuple canadien (1898)
La fontaine d'Abraham Martin et le site de son habitation (1903)
La maison d'Arnoux où Montcalm est mort (1903)
La maison du Chien d'Or à Québec (1905)
Les batailles des plaines d'Abraham et de Sainte-Foye (1908)
La chapelle et le tombeau de Champlain (1909)

He died at Quebec in 1917.

His son Joseph Philippe Baby became a member of the Canadian Senate.

Electoral record

External links
 
Fils de Québec, quatrième série, P-G Roy (1933)
 'L’Encyclopédie de l’histoire du Québec''

Beaubien-Casgrain family
Baby family (Canada)
1826 births
1917 deaths
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
20th-century Canadian historians
Canadian male non-fiction writers
Canadian King's Counsel
Politicians from Quebec City
Writers from Quebec City
19th-century Canadian historians
Charles Hawkins may refer to:

 Charles Hawkins (cricketer) (1817–1846), English cricketer
 Charles Edward Hawkins (1802–1837), Commander of the First Texas Navy during the Texan Revolution
 Charles G. Hawkins (1887–1958), Liberal party member of the Senate of Canada
 Charles R. Hawkins (born 1943), former American politician
 Charles Hawkins (Medal of Honor) (1834/1835–1908), American Navy seaman
FK Željezničar may refer to:
FK Željezničar Sarajevo
FK Željezničar Banja Luka
FK Željezničar Doboj

See also
FK Železničar (disambiguation)
NK Željezničar (disambiguation)
NK Železničar (disambiguation)
Fabio Alverà (born 1 June 1959 in Cortina d'Ampezzo) is an Italian curler and curling coach.

He participated in the 2006 Winter Olympics, where the Italian men's team finished in seventh place.

Teams

Men's

Mixed

Record as a coach of national teams

Personal life
His daughter Eleonora is also an Italian curler. She played in the 2006 Winter Olympics as a member of the Italian women's team. His sister Claudio is an Italian champion curler. Eleonora and Claudia played together at the . His son Alberto is also a curler.

References

External links
 

Living people
1959 births
Sportspeople from Cortina d'Ampezzo
Italian male curlers
Olympic curlers for Italy
Curlers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Italian curling champions
Italian curling coaches
Hans Walter Gruhle (7 November 1880, in Lübben – 3 October 1958) was a German psychiatrist known for his work on the relationship between criminology and psychology. 

Gruhle was educated in Leipzig, Würzburg, and Munich, receiving his first doctorate in Munich in 1904 under the supervision of Emil Kraepelin. In 1905, he joined the psychology department at Heidelberg University, remaining there for almost 30 years. Soon after he began working at Heidelberg, he met Max Weber and his wife, Marianne Weber. He subsequently advised Weber's work in the field of experimental psychology. He received his second doctorate, a habilitation, from Heidelberg.

His most notable work was "Comprehending Psychology" (1948), which discusses the relationship between psychology and other sciences. He also wrote journal articles about such topics as the sterilization of criminals and the utility of the ergograph.

References

1880 births
1958 deaths
People from Lübben (Spreewald)
Physicians from the Province of Brandenburg
German psychiatrists
Heidelberg University alumni
Academic staff of Heidelberg University
The 2020 Porsche Carrera Cup Italia season was the 14th Porsche Carrera Cup Italy season. The six-race season began on 18 July in Mugello and ended on 8 November at Monza.

Calendar
All races were held in Italy.

Teams and drivers

Results
Bold indicates the overall winner.

References 

Porsche Carrera Cup Italy seasons
Porsche Carrera Cup
Zadrożny (feminine: Zadrożna, plural Zadrożni) is a Polish-language surname. The ż is pronounced like the g in mirage. Its literal meaning is "[from] across the road". Notable people with the surname include:

Brandy Zadrozny, investigative journalist
 Katarzyna  Walter (born 1960), Polish actress, anso credited as Katarzyna Zadrożny and Ewa Zadrożna
 Jason Zadrozny (born 1980), British politician

See also

Zadorozhny (surname), an East Slavic cognate

References

Surnames
Polish-language surnames
The  (The Book without a Name) is a collection of nineteen personal letters written in Latin by the fourteenth century Italian poet and Renaissance humanist Petrarch. The letters being harshly critical of the Avignon papacy, they were withheld from the larger collection of his Epistolae familiares (Letters to Friends) and assembled in a separate book. In this fashion, Petrarch reasoned, a reader could throw away this collection, and the other letters to friends could be preserved for posterity.

Correspondents
These letters were sent to his closest friends, who many times were well known figures to the public. So that he would not divulge their identities, he withheld these particular 19 letters and published this book "without a name" on any letter. Among these public figures were Philippe de Cabassoles, bishop of Cavaillon; Cola di Rienzo, a political leader; Francesco Nelli, secretary to the bishop Angelo Acciaioli I; Niccola di Capoccia, a cardinal; Lapo da Castiglionchio of Florence; Rinaldo Cavalchini, the son of the notary Oliviero; Stefano Colonna the Elder, the son of Giovanni Colonna who was one of the most important political figures in Rome; and Ildebrandino Conti, a bishop of Padua. The final letter also included an appendix, addressed to Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor.

Cultural references
Several other works have used the title Book without a name including those by
 Lady Morgan and Thomas Charles Morgan (1841) 
 Theodore Annemann (1931)
 Kit Williams (1984)

Bibliography
 Norman P. Zacour's trans. Liber Sine Nomine titled: Petrarch's Book Without A Name, Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, Toronto, Canada (1973); 
 Kirkham, Victoria, Petrarch: a critical guide to the complete works, University of Chicago Press, 2009,  
 M.E. Cosenza, Francesco Petrarca and the Revolution of Coli di Rienzo, (Chicago University Press 1913)
 Paul Piur, Petrarca 'Buch ohne Namen' und die papstliche Kuri (Halle/Saale: Max Niemeyer, 1925). 
 John E. Wrigley A Papal Secret known to Petrarch, Speculum, XXXIX (1964), pp. 613 – 634.
 E. H. Wilkins, Petrarch's Correspondence, (Padue: Editrice Antenore, 1960). 
 E. H. Wilkins, Petrarch at Vaucluse, (University of Chicago Press 1958).
 J.H. Robinson, Petrarch, First Modern Scholar, (New York 1898).
 V. Rossi, Epistolae Familiares, volume 4, (Florence 1926)

 Francesco Petrarca: Cím nélküli könyv - Liber sine nomine, Hungarian translation by Péter Ertl, Lazi Könyvkiadó, 2018, Szeged.

References

External links
Liber Sine Nomine in Latin
Petrarch from Catholic Encyclopedia

Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) (1304-1374)

Letters (message)
14th-century Latin books
Books critical of Christianity
Petrarch
Avignon Papacy
14th-century Christian texts