Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
This is a list of independent MSPs. It includes all members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs) who sat as independent politicians in the Scottish Parliament.

, only three people have ever been elected to the Scottish Parliament as independent candidates. Dennis Canavan and Jean Turner were independents throughout their time in the Parliament. Margo MacDonald was elected in 1999 as a Scottish National Party (SNP) candidate, but sat as an independent after her expulsion in early 2003, and was re-elected three times as an independent candidate.

The other nine MSPs who sat as independents did so after leaving the party for which they had been elected.  Some resigned from their party, and others were suspended or expelled. Margo MacDonald was the only former party MSP to win re-election as an independent, but John Finnie was re-elected in 2016 as a Scottish Greens candidate.

List of MSPs

Notes

References

External links
 Current and previous Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs), on the Scottish Parliament website

Independent
List
Scottish Parliament
Inglenook Sidings, created by Alan Wright (1928 - January 2005), is a model railway train shunting puzzle. It consists of a specific track layout, a set of initial conditions, a defined goal, and rules which must be obeyed while performing the shunting operations.

More broadly, in model railway usage inglenook may refer to a track layout (or portion thereof) that is based on or resembles the Inglenook Sidings puzzle.

Details

The track is based on Kilham Sidings, on the Alnwick-Cornhill branch of the North Eastern Railway (NER). The sidings should be able to accommodate 5, 3, and 3 wagons, the leading spur accommodating 3 wagons and the locomotive. For the original version of the puzzle there are 8 wagons in the sidings, the rule being:
 Form a train of 5 wagons selected at random of a specific order from the 8 wagons.

See also
 Timesaver, another shunting puzzle

References

External links
 Inglenook Designs - Carendt.com - Small Inglenook Layout Designs (inspiration).
 Model Railways Shunting Puzzles - Inglenook Sidings - A full description of the puzzle.
 TaFWeb - Inglenook Sidings - Includes a downloadable Inglenook Sidings layout for Trainz.
 Beaver Games : Inglenook Shunting - An online JavaScript based Inglenook game.
 Inglenook Shunting Puzzles - A mathematical analysis of the solvability of Inglenook puzzles.

Shunting puzzles
Cerveza Norteña is a Uruguayan beer brand started in 1947 in the department of Paysandú.

History 
In 1947, the Paysandú Brewery and Malteria launched the Norteña beer, which would compete in the market with the already existing Pilsen (1866) beers from the National Beer Factories, and Patricia (1937) from the Salus Company.

In 1966 he would create and carry out the first Paysandú Beer Week

Production 
In 2003, the Paysandú Brewery and Malteria was acquired by the Ambev company, a division of AB InBev, the Belgian multinational beverage and brewery based in Louvain, Belgium.  Therefore, from that year, the beer began to be produced by the National Beer Factories.

Due to higher costs in Uruguay, a part of the beer production has moved to Argentina, although it continues to be produced in Uruguay as well.

References

External links
La espuma de los días: una historia reciente de las cervezas en Uruguay JG Lagos, La Diaria,  24  November 2020

AB InBev
Multinational breweries
Beer in Uruguay
Food and drink companies established in 1948
A chastity house (or morality house) is a proposed but not ratified facility in Iran where couples can interact with each other to perform Nikah mut‘ah.

In 2002, the main reason for reinstatement of chastity houses given to public was to prevent prostitution from spreading in the cities.

Supporters of chastity houses
Several prominent conservative clerics have proposed that prostitutes be placed in government-run shelters for destitute women to be called "chastity houses," where male customers could briefly marry them under the Shia practice of Nikah mut‘ah. Proponents of the idea argue that it would "eradicate social corruption" by legitimizing sexual relations between the men and women.

A supporter of the plan, Ayatollah Mohammed Mousavi Bojnurdi, said: "We face a real challenge with all these women on the street. Our society is in an emergency situation.” Hojatolislam Mohammed Taghi Fazel-Meibodi, a member of Qom Seminary, said the proposal is religiously legal. He said, "Our young people are troubled. There is poverty, unemployment, and more and more girls are escaping from their homes. In a society where there are sharp differences between rich and poor, rich men will use these poor girls for a quick thrill and to satisfy their impulses and lust."

Opposition
Women's groups have been particularly outspoken about the idea of chastity houses. Shahrbanou Amani, a female Iranian parliamentarian, called the idea of establishing chastity house as "an insult and disrespectful to women." The Cultural Council for Women, a liberal Islamist women's group, said such houses would be a "deceitful and thinly disguised" form of prostitution.

See also
 Prostitution in Iran

References

Nikah mut‘ah
Marriage, unions and partnerships in Iran
prostitution in Iran
Biapenem (INN) is a carbapenem antibiotic. It has in vitro activity against anaerobes.
1-β-methyl-carbapenem antibiotic. Approved in Japan in 2001.

References

External links 
  Omegacin

Carbapenem antibiotics
Uncle and the Battle for Badgertown (1973) is a children's novel written by J. P. Martin, the last of his Uncle series of six books. It was illustrated, like the others in the series, by Quentin Blake.

References

1973 British novels
1973 children's books
British children's novels
Children's fantasy novels
Books about elephants
Jonathan Cape books
Villu Kõve (born 26 August 1971 in Orissaare) is an Estonian judge. Since on 4 February 2019, he is the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Estonia.

In 2009, he finished his PhD studies at the University of Tartu's Faculty of Law.

2014–2019, he worked as the Chairman of the Civil Chamber of the Supreme Court of Estonia.

References

Living people
1971 births
21st-century Estonian judges
University of Tartu alumni
Academic staff of the University of Tartu
University of Freiburg alumni
People from Orissaare
The Sheriff of Sutherland was historically a royal appointment, held at pleasure, which carried the responsibility for enforcing justice in the sheriffdom of Sutherland, Scotland. It became a heritable post in the hands of the Earls of Sutherland until 1747, when it reverted, in combination with Caithness, to being a Royal appointment, usually for life.

From 1806 to 1857 the sheriffdom again existed in its own right, after which it was once again merged with Caithness.

Sheriffs of Sutherland
Family of the Earl of Sutherland, –1747
1747–1806 See Sheriff of Caithness and Sutherland
George Cranstoun, Lord Corehouse, 1806–1819 
Charles Ross of Invercarron, 1819–1827 
Hugh Lumsden of Pitcaple, 1827–1857 
 For sheriffs after 1857 see Sheriff of Caithness and Sutherland

See also
 Historical development of Scottish sheriffdoms

References

sheriffs
William Butler BDec (d. 1519) was a Canon of Windsor from 1503 to 1519

Career
He was appointed to the sixth stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1503 and held the canonry until 1519.

Notes 

1519 deaths
Canons of Windsor
Year of birth unknown
MicrOmega-IR is an infrared hyperspectral microscope that is part of the science payload on board the European Rosalind Franklin rover, tasked to search for biosignatures on Mars. The rover is planned to land on Mars in the mid- or late 2020s. MicrOmega-IR will analyse in situ the powder material derived from crushed samples collected by the rover's core drill.

Development

The MicrOmega mnemonic is derived from its French name Micro observatoire pour la mineralogie, l'eau, les glaces et l'activité; IR stands for infrared.  It was developed by France's Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale at the CNRS. France has also flown MicrOmega on other missions such as the 2011 Fobos-Grunt and the Hayabusa2 MASCOT mobile lander currently exploring asteroid Ryugu. France is also developing a variant called MacrOmega Near-IR Spectrometer for the Martian Moons Exploration (MMX) lander, a Japanese sample-return mission to Mars' moon Phobos.

The Principal Investigator of the MicrOmega-IR for the Rosalind Franklin rover is Jean-Pierre Bibring, a French astronomer and planetary scientist at the Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale. Co-PIs are astrobiologists Frances Westall and Nicolas Thomas.

MicrOmega was developed by a consortium including:
IAS (Orsay, France) 
LESIA (Meudon, France)
 CBM (Orléans, France), 
University Of Bern (Bern, Switzerland) 
 Russian Space Research Institute (IKI) (Moscow, Russia)

Overview

MicrOmega-IR is a visible and infrared hyperspectral microscope that is designed to characterize the texture and composition of crushed samples presented to the instrument.  Its objective is to study mineral grain assemblages in detail to try to unravel their geological origin, structure and composition, including potential organics. These data will be vital for interpreting past and present geological processes and environments on Mars. Because MicrOmega-IR is an imaging instrument, it can also be used to identify grains that are particularly interesting, and assign them as targets for Raman and MOMA observations.

It is composed of 2 microscopes: MicrOmega/VIS has a spatial sampling of approximately 4 μm, working in 4 colors in the visible range. The other one is the MicrOmega/NIR hyperspectral microscope working in the spectral range 0.95 μm - 3.65 μm with a spatial sampling of 20 μm per pixel. Its main supporting components include:
A monochromator based on an Acousto-optic modulator illumination system.
Infrared magnification optics.
Infrared focal plane.
The thermal control system.
The sample container.

The IR instrument uses a HgCdTe (Mercury-Cadmium-Telluride) matrix detector, the Sofradir Mars SW 320 x 256 pixels.

Examples of materials for identification, if present:
pyroxene
olivine
ferric oxides
hydrated phyllosilicates
sulfates
carbonates
ices
organics (organic as in organic chemistry)

See also

 Astrobiology
 Life on Mars
Mars Multispectral Imager for Subsurface Studies (Another ExoMars drill-related instrument)

References

ExoMars
Mars imagers
Astrobiology
Space science experiments
Live from Space is the first and only live album by American rapper Mac Miller. The album was released on December 17, 2013, by Rostrum Records. The album was recorded on The Space Migration Tour which ran from June 25, 2013, until July 18, 2013. The album also features five previously unreleased songs that didn't make his second studio album Watching Movies with the Sound Off.

Critical reception 

Upon its release, Live from Space received generally positive reviews from music critics. Marcus J. Moore of HipHopDX gave the album three and a half stars out of five, saying "Ultimately, this album faces the same shortcoming as most live recordings: that you can’t truly appreciate the music until you’ve seen it performed. There’s no way to see the fans’ faces or feel their adulation when their favorite songs drop. You can’t feel the stadium rattle or watch the band actively simulate Miller’s catalog. Live from Space isn’t that visual, so the live tracks quickly lose steam after a few listens. It shouldn’t dissipate Miller’s momentum this year. If anything, it puts a nice ribbon atop the rapper’s valiant comeback." Chayne Japal of Exclaim! gave the album a six out of ten, saying "The pride and effort Mac and Syd's boys brought to the stage should be commended, but for the most part, the songs included on this album, as recordings, didn't need or receive any improvements, nor are they old enough to need updating. The glowing exception is the touching rendition of "Youforia" that swaps the douche-esque Mike Posner vibe of the original for a stripped-down, vulnerable performance that is another example of Mac's versatility."

Track listing

Charts

References

2013 live albums
Mac Miller albums
Albums produced by Mac Miller
Albums produced by Thundercat (musician)
Live hip hop albums
Markenbinnen is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Alkmaar, and lies about 10 km north of Zaandam.

The village was first mentioned in 1395 or 1396 as Marken, and means "border line". It was earlier located on a little island. "Binnen" (inside) has been added to distinguish from Marken. Markenbinnen developed in the Late Middle Ages as a peat excavation settlement. Around 1644, the Markervaart was dug separating the Markerpolder from the Oostwouderpolder.

The Dutch Reformed church is an aisleless church with wooden tower built 1704 as a replacement for its medieval predecessor. Markenbinnen was home to 183 people in 1840.

The Fort Marken-Binnen was constructed as part of the Stelling van Amsterdam and was completed in 1905. It was used during World War I and II as barracks, but became military obsolete after the World War II.

Gallery

References

Populated places in North Holland
Alkmaar
S1 also known as S1 Television is a 24-hour Hindi news channel launched in India by Mr. Vijay Dixit, CMD, Senior Media Group on 6 August 2005. It is an initiative of Senior Media Limited which also owns the fortnightly socio-political Hindi magazine 'Senior India'. The channel was launched in 2005. The channel is headquartered in Noida, Uttar Pradesh.

References
 http://www.contentsutra.com/entry/s1-news-channel-launch-this-month/
 http://www.lyngsat-address.com/ss/S1-TV.html

24-hour television news channels in India
Hindi-language television channels in India
Byers's Island is a phantom island reported by Captain Benjamin Morrell in his 1832 book A Narrative of Four Voyages.

History 
The island was first reported by Benjamin Morrell in his 1832 book A Narrative of Four Voyages, which recounts his various journeys across the high seas between 1822-1831. Morrell writes that he landed on an island he called "Byers's Island", on 12th July 1825.  According to Morrell, this island was located at 28°32'N latitude, 177°4'E longitude, and is "about four miles in circumference", "moderately elevated", and features "some bushes and spots of vegetation".

Following publication, the islands falsely appeared in various maps and atlases throughout the 1800s. Stielers Handatlas from 1891 depicts two islands, labeled Byer od. Patrocinio, and Morell, followed by question marks, suggesting that the island's existence was known to be dubious. A maritime manual in 1899 lists Byers's and Morell Island as doubtful.

Some globes continued to display the island, along with other phantom islands in the Pacific, as late as the 1960s.

Source of the hoax 
The origin of Byers's Island is unknown. While A Narrative of Four Voyages was published under Morell's name, it was potentially ghostwritten by magazine editor Samuel Woodworth. As a result, it is unclear whether Morrell or Woodworth was the originator of the hoax. The name of the island, "Byers", matches that of Morell's employer and ship owner, and as such this is the likely origin for the name.

Reference works 

 Henry M. Stommel: Lost Islands. The Story of Islands That Have Vanished from Nautical Charts. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver 1984, ISBN 978-0-7748-0210-9 .

References 

Phantom islands
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
Colonel General  Vitéz Dezső László (, 23 July 1894, Lovászpatona, – 8 June 1949, Budapest) was a captain during World War I and general during World War II. He was executed by the People's Republic of Hungary in 1949.

Awards 
 Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st Class
 Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (3 March 1945)

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links
Generals.dk

1894 births
1949 deaths
People from Veszprém County
Hungarian generals
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
Executed Hungarian collaborators with Nazi Germany
Executed military leaders
Caen, Gare de l'Ouest or Gare Calvados, is the main and now only station serving the city of Caen, Normandy, France. The station stands on the main line from Paris to Cherbourg and although it mainly is an intercity station many regional trains use the station. Typical services link Caen to Lisieux, Paris, Rouen, Saint-Lô, Granville, Bayeux and Cherbourg. The station opened in 1857 with the arrival of the CF de l'Ouest line from Paris. The station was rebuilt by Henri Pacon in 1934.

Services
The following services call at Caen :
Local services (TER Normandie) Cherbourg – Caen – Lisieux
Local services (TER Normandie) Caen – Alençon – Le Mans
Local services (TER Normandie) Caen – Lisieux – Bernay – Rouen
Local services (TER Normandie) Caen – Lison – Saint-Lô – Avranches – Rennes

See also
Caen Saint-Martin station (Caen à la Mer)
Caen Saint-Pierre station (CF du Calvados)

References

External links

 

Buildings and structures in Caen
Railway stations in Calvados
Railway stations in France opened in 1857
The Tramway at Villeneuve-sur-Verberie (French La voie ferrée de Villeneuve-sur-Verberie et Roberval à Moru) was a  long narrow-gauge railway with a gauge of  from the sand pits at Villeneuve-sur-Verberie and Roberval to the port at Moru (Pontpoint) on the Oise in the  department Oise in the north of France.

Route 

The narrow-gauge track started at the Sablière de Villeneuve sand pit, followed a side road through Roberval to the lower station of the funicular railway of the Carrière du Carnage quarry. From there it went through the hamlet of Le Guidon, to the depot at the lower station of the funicular of the Gravière du Plant gravel pit in Roberval and ended at the wharf of Moru on the Oise.

History 
The light railway was first laid at the end of the 19th century. The locomotives and carriages were confiscated by the army during World War I and used at the front. The Gravière du Plant gravel pit ceased operations around 1918, but the Carrière du Carnage quarry and the Villeneuve-sur-Verberie sand pit remained in use.

The Société des Sablières de l'Oise, which owned three quarries in the area, had the railway lines re-laid in 1920. The tracks from Fleurines to Pont-Sainte-Maxence were lifted and instead laid between Villeneuve-sur-Verberie and Moru. This enabled more powerful motor locomotives to pull up to 22 carriages weighing 2.5 tonnes each, compared with only 12 carriages for the steam locomotives. Sand production at the Villeneuve sand pit was equivalent to around 420 tonnes per day, which was equivalent to the load of 1½ barges.

When the Northern Motorway (A1) was built, the track had to be dismantled in 1964. The locomotives and wagons were sold to a civil engineering company and the amusement park La Mer de Sable in Ermenonville. The sand pit was served by lorries until it was closed in 1982 and was later used as a rubbish pit.

Locomotives 
The following locomotives were used on the line:

 4 Baldwin
 1 English steam locomotive
 1 Popineau
 3 Gmeinder
 3 Deutz
 1 Baldwin-Willeme
 1 O&K
 1 Hunslet 2-6-0

External links 
 Patrick De Decker & Marc A. Dubout:  Le petit train des sablières de l’Oise. (French Word file without photos) November 2004.
 Les petits trains des sablières. (French HTML files with thumbnails of low-resolution photos that can be enlarged by clicking onto them)
 Le petit train.
 En suivant la voie du petit train.
 Les locomotives.
 Le chargement du petit train à l'aide des pelleteuses.
 La carrière de Verberie.
 Le hameau et l'usine de port de Moru.
 La fin du petit train.
 La presse en a parlé.
 Photos hier et d'aujourd'hui.
 Ce qui reste aujourd'hui.
 L'usine aujourd'hui.

References 

600 mm gauge railways in France
Tram transport in France
Railway lines opened in the 1890s
Railway lines closed in 1964
Rod Skoe (born August 9, 1954) is a Minnesota politician and former member of the Minnesota Senate. A member of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL), he represented District 2, which included all or portions of Becker, Beltrami, Clearwater, Hubbard, Lake of the Woods, Mahnomen, Otter Tail and Wadena counties in the northwestern part of the state.

Education
Skoe completed high school at Kelliher High School in Kelliher, and later received a B.A. from Augsburg College in Minneapolis.

Minnesota House of Representatives
Skoe served in the Minnesota House of Representatives representing District 2B from 1999 to 2003.

Minnesota Senate
Skoe was first elected in 2002 and was re-elected in every subsequent election since then until 2016. He chaired the senate tax committee from 2012 to 2016.   In 2016 he lost to Republican Paul Utke.

Electoral history

Personal life
He and his wife, Sarah, have two children.

References

External links

Minnesota Public Radio Votetracker: Senator Rod Skoe
Project Vote Smart - Senator Rod Skoe Profile
Follow the Money - Rod Skoe Campaign Contributions
2008 2006 2004 2002 2000 1998

1954 births
Living people
Democratic Party Minnesota state senators
Democratic Party members of the Minnesota House of Representatives
People from Clearwater County, Minnesota
American Lutherans
21st-century American politicians
Miguel Jiménez may refer to:

 Miguel Jiménez (boxer) (born 1970), boxer from Puerto Rico
 Miguel Ángel Jiménez (born 1964), Spanish golfer
 Miguel Jiménez (footballer) (born 1980), Chilean footballer
 Miguel Jiménez Ponce (born 1990),Mexican footballer
 Miguel Jimenez (baseball) (born 1969), Major League Baseball pitcher
Veera Jagathis () is a 1938 Tamil language film T. P. Kailasam and R. Prakash. It stars V. S. M. Rajarama Iyer and M. G. Ramachandran.

Production 
Veera Jagathis was directed by T. P. Kailasam and R. Prakash. It was produced under the banner V. S. Talkies. V. S. M. Rajarama Iyer and M. G. Ramachandran were actors in the film. The length of the film was .

References 

1930s Tamil-language films
1938 films
Indian black-and-white films
Edward J. Giorgianni is an Imaging Scientist formerly of the Imaging Research and Advanced Development Division at Eastman Kodak Company.

Giorgianni is best known for his contributions in the field of color science and hold numerous patents in the fields of color management and imaging technology.  Among his inventions are the digital color-encoding methods used on many commercial imaging systems, including the Photo CD System.  Giorgianni is a co-author of Digital Color Management Encoding Solutions, which he wrote with Thomas E. Madden. The text contains a foreword by another noted color scientist and author of The Reproduction of Colour, R. W. G. Hunt. In addition, Giorgianni is an instructor and frequent lecturer at technical symposia and universities.

Giorgianni retired from the Eastman Kodak Company in 2005, although he continues to consult and lecture.

References

American people of Italian descent
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
The II Corps () was a unit of the Finnish Army during the Winter War.

The II Corps with the III Corps formed the Army of the Isthmus (Kannaksen armeija). The corps was commanded by Lieutenant General Harald Öhquist.

The corps fought in the fierce battles around Summa and in the defence of Viipuri.

Order of battle

II Corps 
1st Division
4th Division
5th Division
6th Division - attached on 19 December
11th Division
23rd Division - arrived in February 1940

Delaying groups 
Delaying groups operational only in the opening phase of the war:
Group Uusikirkko
Cavalry Brigade
Jaeger Battalion 1
Group Muolaa
Jaeger Battalion 3
Group Lipola
Jaeger Battalion 2

Commander 
 Lieutenant General Harald Öhquist (30.11.1939 - 13.03.1940).

References 
 
 

Military units and formations of Finland in the Winter War
Military units and formations of Finland in World War II