Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
OTDOA (Observed Time Difference Of Arrival) is a positioning feature introduced in rel9 E-UTRA (LTE radio). It's a multilateration method in which the User Equipment (UE) measures the time difference between some specific signals from several eNodeBs and reports these time differences to a specific device in the network (the ESMLC). The ESMLC based on these time differences and knowledge of the enodeBs locations calculates the UEs' position.

Background 
In December 2008, due to regulatory requirements like the E911, which require that it should be possible to locate UEs with a certain accuracy, a work item was proposed in the 3GPP TSG-RAN42 meeting. This proposed between others the study of the feasibility of OTDOA. OTDOA was meant to work in a similar way as the 3G IPL feature.

During the summer of 2009 the necessary changes to the RAN1 36.211, 36.212, 36.213 and 36.214 specifications were accepted. And a bit later the RAN4 requirements and RAN2 protocol related matters settled.

Technology 
A OTDOA procedure works as follows:
The ESMLC requests through the LPP layer an OTDOA measurement: a set of RSTD (Reference Signal Time Difference) measurements from the UE. Together with this request the UE receives assistance data. This assistance data, provides a list of cells (enodeBs), with their PRS (Positioning Reference Signal) parameters, including BW, periodicity etc.

The UE then proceeds to perform these measurements during a given period of time (typically up to 8 or 16 periods of the PRS signals). These measurements consist on estimating the exact time offsets between the PRS from different cells.
Then it reports to the ESMLC these estimated time differences together with an estimate of the measurement quality.

The ESMLC then, using these time difference estimates, and the knowledge of the cells positions and transmit time offsets estimates the position of the UE.

The description of the LPP (LTE positioning protocol) can be found in the 36.355 specification.
The exact details of the PRS signals can be found in section 6.10.4 of the 36.211 specification.
And a simple OTDOA procedure can be found in the RAN5 OTDOA testcases' descriptions in section 9 of the 37.571-1 specification

From a UE architecture perspective the LPP layer resides outside of the EUTRAN protocol stack, over NAS, but typically implemented in the cellular modem firmware. The UE RSTD measurements themselves would be performed by the L1 layer.

Adoption 
OTDOA is an optional feature in the 3GPP LTE standard. This means that it is optional for networks and UEs to support it while still being deemed LTE compatible. Like with other similar optional features, interest by particular carriers depends on regulatory requirements, and for UE vendors in carrier's requirements, as major carriers run their own certification tests on UEs which aim at operating in their network.

References

External links 
 Ericsson-Positioning with LTE
 NSN Performance of 3GPP Rel-9 LTE positioning methods

3GPP standards
There are 15,687 km of electrified railways in France, making up approximately 55% of the network in use.

For historical reason there are two norms of electrification that coexist in France: 1,500 V DC and 25 kV 50 Hz AC.

The electrification of the French railway network was made in four phases.

First, at the start of the 20th century, there was a phase of testing and technological exploration. Third rails and overhead lines were on trial in some lines in France; different voltages were tried. Afterwards, in the 1920s, the main lines starting from Paris and lines in the Pyrenees were electrified with 1,500 V DC.

After World War II and with the improvements in power electronics, tests were made with 20 kV AC and subsequently with 25 kV AC in the Alps, which was considered satisfactory. Then the North and the East of France were electrified with 25 kV AC, and some lines were electrified with 1,500 V DC in the South.

From the 1970s to now, the electrification of the French network has continued mainly with 25 kV to bring electrically powered TGVs to some cities.

The use of two norms of electrification was a huge problem for the SNCF up to the 1970s, because there was not much equipment able to run under both standards. Today, all electrical equipment ordered by the SNCF can use both 25 kV AC and 1,500 V DC.

References 

France
 
Ele
Snyder's Shipyard Ltd. is a boatbuilding company located in Dayspring, Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia. The company is known to have built and repaired over 220 boats and vessels, most notable being the Bluenose II schooner and Theodore Too.

History
The shipyard was initially started under the name of Leary's, with records dating back to 1871, a time when establishing owner Stephen Leary and sons Melbourne and Maurice Leary were building large-scale ships with keels up to 74 ft. in length, using iron work. The shipyard was purchased by Reginald "Teddy" Snyder in 1944, who designed and built vessels as well as parts of the shipyard facilities. After working 53 years as a shipwright and 10 years spent as the owner of Snyder's, Snyder retired from the business in 1987, passing ownership to his son Phillip.

Details of the shipyard

The first permanent boat-building shed to be built was constructed in 1969 and measuring 100 feet by 40 feet. Before the erection of this building vessels were constructed outside. In 1992, a second building was constructed to build its first 67-foot vessel indoors. The third building constructed by Acadian Construction of Bridgewater brings a total of 10,000 square-feet of working space to the shipyard. In 1988, many boatyards were reducing their amount of productivity and number of staff. Snyder's underwent expansion of their facilities with the construction a third new 3000-square-foot building and increased their staff to 35 full-time employees in order to build larger vessels to meet current demands. Cost of this expansion estimated $135,000. Snyder's received a sum of $32,125 from the Atlantic Opportunities Agency's Industrial and Regional Development Program (IRDP) contributed to expansion costs.

Ships and boats constructed at Snyder's Shipyard

 Ocean Pride III, 44-foot, 11-inch stern dragger, made of oak, 360-horsepower Caterpillar diesel, 195th to be built at Snyder's --C.H., Sept. 27/1980
 The Cody and Kathryn, 50-foot dragger, built for Capt. Schrader, 210th vessel launched from shipyard—C.H., Wed, Oct. 12/1988
 The Lady Cavell, built for Steven Gough of New Brunswik, 64-foot, 11-inch herring seiner, the 211th vessel to be built at Snyder's  -- C.H., Mon. April 10/1989
 Island Bounty, 78-foot herring seiner—C.H., Wed. April 17, 1991
 Pasty and Sons, 60-foot longliner owned by Burnell Allison of Port Mouton
 Theodore Too, 2000
 Repairs conducted on the Bluenose II in March 1994.
 Bluenose one-design sloop - current manufacturer, 2018

Vessels constructed at the shipyard while under the name Leary's

 The Avon Spirit,
 Reginald R. Moulton, round-bow schooner, 112 tons, built by M. Leary for the fleet of J.T. Moulton of Newfoundland, 1917

References

1) http://southshorenow.ca/archives/viewer.php?sctn=2004/010704/news&article=13
2) http://www.snydersshipyard.com/
3) Snyder's Shipyard: Place, Form, Craft, Brian MacKay Lyon, 1994 by TUNS Architecture
4) Articles of Agreement for Building a Vessel, MG1, Vol. 569 #87, Public Archives of Nova Scotia

Snyder's Shipyard
Jesus of Lübeck was a carrack built in the Free City of Lübeck in the early 16th century.

English fleet
Around 1540 the ship, which had mostly been used for representative purposes, was acquired by Henry VIII, King of England, to augment his fleet.

The ship saw action during the French invasion of the Isle of Wight in 1545. She, along with Samson, was used in an unsuccessful attempt to raise  Henry VIII’s flagship, Mary Rose, after she foundered during the Battle of the Solent.

Slaving vessel
In 1563, Jesus of Lübeck was chartered to a group of merchants by Queen Elizabeth I, becoming involved in the Atlantic slave trade and smuggling under John Hawkins, who organized four slave voyages to West Africa and the West Indies between 1562 and 1568.

During the last voyage, Jesus, along with several other English ships, encountered a Spanish fleet off San Juan de Ulúa (modern day Vera Cruz, Mexico) in September 1568. In the resulting battle, Jesus was disabled and captured by Spanish forces. The heavily damaged ship was later sold for 601 ducats to a local merchant.

Bibliography

External links

16th-century ships
Slave ships
Ships built in Lübeck
Ships of the English navy
Edith Mary Marvin, born Edith Mary Deverell (29 July 1872 – 20 May 1958) was a British inspector of schools.

Life
Marvin was born in Attington near Tetsworth in 1872. Her parents, Mary Seymour and Alfred Deverell JP were Congregationalists. Her father was a farmer and he also sold coal. She was educated at home until she attended a private school in Weston-super-Mare. In 1892, she gained access to Somerville College, Oxford where she graduated in Modern History, but did not receive a degree because she was a woman. While she was there in 1894 she was one of the seven founding members of the "Associated Prigs". This was the unofficial name of the discussion group that met on Sundays evenings. The first meeting was in her room. They never agreed a name or leader but the group would keep notes and the links established were valuable after they left Somerville. Other founder members were Mildred Pope and Eleanor Rathbone and other early members were Margery Fry and Hilda Oakeley. Marvin left Somerville in 1895 and took an MA from Trinity College Dublin.

Arthur Lyon Bowley, who was later known for his British economic statistics, began this study in the 1890s with work on trade and on wages and income. His 1900 publication Wages in the United Kingdom in the Nineteenth Century was created using the unpaid assistance of Melvin when she was a researcher at the London School of Economics from 1896 to 1898. She then returned to her alma mater to still work as a researcher.

In 1900 she began her career in school inspection as a "woman sub-inspector" employed by the Board of Education. She was looking at girls schools and infant schools and she was unimpressed by the conditions she found firstly in Liverpool and then later in London. In April 1901 she was made a junior inspector together with several other women. She argued that Britain should follow the French model and require children to run or march during their morning break. She ceased to be inspector in 1904, but she carried through her ideas within the National Union of Women Workers. She argued that teachers needed to trained in physiology. She argued that the health of children could also her improved by appointing more female school inspectors and female school managers. Marvin belonged to the committee which presented the Women Graduate Suffrage Petition to the Liberal Prime Minister
Henry Campbell-Bannerman in May 1906.

Marvin died in Berkhamsted in 1958.

Private life
She married Francis Sydney Marvin at Tetsworth parish church on 25 June 1904. He was a leading member of the English Positivists. Her new husband proposed a Positivist wedding ceremony conducted by Frederic Harrison but she objected when she realised that it included a poor attitude to gender equality. Their three sons included John Deverell Marvin who became a financial journalist.

References

1872 births
1958 deaths
People from Oxfordshire (before 1974)
Educational administrators
Alumni of Somerville College, Oxford
English suffragettes
Paralogistis is a genus of moth in the family Scythrididae.

Species
 Paralogistis litholeuca Meyrick, 1921
 Paralogistis ochrura Meyrick, 1913
 Paralogistis raesaeneni Bengtsson, 2014
 Paralogistis symmocidoides Bengtsson, 2014
 Paralogistis willyi Bengtsson, 2014

References

Scythrididae
The Australian Football League celebrates the best mark of the season through the annual Mark of the Year competition. In 2015, this is officially known as the Weet-Bix AFL Mark of the Year. Each round three marks are nominated and fans are able to vote online for their favourite.

Winners by round
Legend

2015 finalists

References

See also
 Mark of the Year
 Goal of the Year
 2015 AFL Goal of the Year
 2015 AFL season

Mark of the Year
Australian rules football-related lists
The Skyliners Synchronized Skating Team is a synchronized skating team from the New York metropolitan area.

Skyliners Synchronized Skating Team was established in 2001, and started competing internationally in 2003. they are two-time world championships competitors, three-time Junior worlds medalists (2018–2019, 2022), seven-time U.S national medalists (2015–2020, 2022), and four-time U.S junior national champions (2017–2020).

Programs

Competitive highlights 

 CS – ISU Challenger Series
 Jr – Junior team placement

Results since 2017–18

2008–09 to 2016–17 seasons

References

External links 

 Skyliners Home Page
 Skyliners Facebook
 Skyliners Twitter
 Skyliners Senior Team Instagram
 Skyliners Junior Team Instagram

Senior synchronized skating teams
Junior synchronized skating teams
Arthur John Roycroft (born 25 July 1929, London) is an English chess endgame study composer and author.

Chess career
In 1959 he was awarded the title International Judge of Chess Compositions. In 1965 he founded EG, the first long-running journal exclusively for endgame studies. Roycroft served as editor and publisher through 1991. The journal continues to be published, but under Dutch ownership ("ARVES").  Roycroft remained its chief editor until 2007 when Harold van der Heijden took over.  His 1972 book Test Tube Chess (revised as The Chess Endgame Study, 1981) is considered one of the best English-language examinations of endgame studies. He also served as the endgame study editor for the British Chess Magazine from 1973 to 1974.

Roycroft's adaptation of the Guy–Blandford code in the 1970s resulted in the Guy–Blandford–Roycroft code, an efficient way to index endgame studies – or any chess position. He also advised Ken Thompson in writing programs for endgame data bases with four and five pieces. For queen and pawn against queen some results were published by Roycroft in three booklets in 1986, years ahead of full tablebase output on CD.

Other

Roycroft worked for IBM UK from 1961 until early retirement in 1987. From April 1984 to October 1985 he was seconded to Donald Michie (Machine Intelligence Research Unit, Edinburgh, followed by The Turing Institute, Glasgow). The outcome was the paper "Expert Against Oracle" in Machine Intelligence 11, Clarendon Press 1988.

John Roycroft was President of Hendon Chess Club until he moved to Oxfordshire in 2018, where he attends Cumnor Chess Club meetings. He was married to Betty Roycroft for nearly 60 years until her passing in July 2020, and they have two grown up children, Jonathan - who is Director of Sports at Oxford University and Katherine - who lives in Italy and runs her own private language school.

Literature
 Test Tube Chess, Faber and Faber Limited, 1972, . Revision: The Chess Endgame Study, 1981, Dover.
 Queen and Pawn on a2 against Queen, Chess Endgame Consultants and Publishers, April 1986, 
 Queen and Pawn on a6 against Queen, Chess Endgame Consultants and Publishers, May 1986, 
 Queen and Pawn on b7 against Queen, Chess Endgame Consultants and Publishers, June 1986,

References

Bibliography

Further reading
 
  

1929 births
English chess players
Chess composers
British chess writers
English non-fiction writers
Living people
IBM employees
International Judges of Chess Compositions
English male non-fiction writers
Andreas Kunstein (born 25 June 1967) is a German composer who was born in Brühl (North Rhine-Westphalia). In his youth, he received piano lessons and wrote his first compositions. After finishing high school, he studied history and philosophy in Düsseldorf.

He also had private composition lessons with David Graham and Ratko Delorko. During 1992–1998 he studied composition at the Folkwang Hochschule in Essen, with . At the Rotterdam Hogeschool voor Muziek en Dans, he completed his studies in composition with Peter-Jan Wagemans and Klaas de Vries in April 2002. He participated in masterclasses of Manfred Trojahn, Edison Denisov and George Crumb, amongst others.

His 13 Epigrams for Orchestra were nominated for the Dutch Young Composers Prize in 2000. In 1998, Andreas Kunstein received the scholarship of the Otmar Alt Foundation and in 2003 he received a scholarship of the Kulturfonds Foundation for the "Künstlerhaus Lukas".

Andreas Kunstein is counted as one of the Rotterdam School composers.

Works 
Works by Kunstein have been published by Donemus, including:
 Toccata for piano (1980/1991)
 Fantasy in G-minor for piano (1991)
 String quartet No. 1 (1992)
 10 Epigrams for toy piano (1992) (Version for piano: 1996)
 Woodwinds Quintet (1993)
 String quartet No. 2 (1994)
 Mutter denkt nach for mezzo-soprano and piano (text: Hedda Zinner, 1929) (1995)
 2 Portraits for piano (1995–1997)
 13 Epigrams for orchestra (1998) (New version: 2000)
 String Trio (1992/1999)
 Szenen aus einem Studentenleben for orchestra (2001–2002) (Version for piano: 2001)
 String quintet (2002)
 Suite for orchestra (2002) (Version for 2 pianos: Suite for 2 pianos)
 Music for 2 Pianos and Percussion (2003)
 Turbulences for big band (2003)

His 10 Epigrams for toy piano appeared in 1994 on CD SST 31112 played by Bernd Wiesemann and his 10 Epigrams for piano appeared on NCC 8007 played by Ratko Delorko.

References

External links
 Der Stipendiat der Otmar-Alt-Stiftung 1998/1999 Technical University of Dortmund
 Gazette: Neue Musik in NRW - Ausgabe Januar 2017 kulturserver-nrw.de
 Syncrat article on toy piano

1967 births
Living people
20th-century classical composers
German classical composers
Dutch male classical composers
Dutch classical composers
German male classical composers
People from Brühl (Rhineland)
20th-century German composers
20th-century German male musicians
Codarts University for the Arts alumni
The Rufiji are an ethnic and linguistic group based in the central coast of Tanzania specifically Rufiji District next to the Rufiji River delta in Pwani Region. In 1987 the Rufiji population was estimated to number 200,000 .

Ethnic groups in Tanzania
Indigenous peoples of East Africa
Joseph Watson (1 January 1952 – 30 September 2000) was an Australian footballer who played as a winger in a 24-year career extending from 1968 to 1992.

Playing career
A native of Fife, Joe Watson had been playing with Nottingham Forest since the age of 16, but began his professional career at 18 in 1970 with Dundee United, participating in a handful of games before joining Forfar Athletic in 1972. After one season with Forfar, Watson emigrated to Australia in 1973 where, like another Scottish player for United, Kenny Murphy, he spent many seasons playing international football for Australia national football team, primarily Sydney City.

Sydney City
In Australia he played for Sydney Hakoah. At Sydney City he played four seasons in the New South Wales State League before the club as Sydney City joined the National Soccer League in 1977. Watson played 258 National Soccer League matches, playing with the club until 1986.

International career
Watson played 17 matches for Australia between 1979 and 1986. While he had retired from international football in 1985, he was honoured with being named captain in a friendly against Czechoslovakia in August 1986. He was replaced after five minutes by Angie Postecoglou.

Coaching career
In 1991 while still playing Watson began coaching at Waverley. In a nine-year coaching career Watson coached at eight separate clubs.

Illness and death
Watson was diagnosed with liver cancer, after which a day of charity matches was scheduled in August 2000 to raise funds. Watson died on 30 September 2000.

Honours

Scotland
 Forfarshire Cup
 Champion: 1971-72

Australia
 NSW State League
 Waratah Cup Champion: 1976

 National Soccer League Player of the Year: 1983
 National Soccer League
 Champion: 1977, 1980, 1981, 1982
 Runner Up: 1978, 1983, 1985

OFC Nations Cup
 Champion: 1980

References

External links
 
 Article mentioning Joe Watson's death

Footballers from Fife
Australian men's soccer players
Dundee United F.C. players
Forfar Athletic F.C. players
Australia men's international soccer players
1952 births
2000 deaths
Scottish Football League players
Scottish men's footballers
Scottish emigrants to Australia
Nottingham Forest F.C. players
Hakoah Sydney City East FC players
APIA Leichhardt FC players
Men's association football wingers
East Timor participated in the 2014 Asian Games in Incheon, South Korea from 19 September to 4 October 2014.

Athletics

Men's

Women

Beach volleyball

Men

Boxing

Men

Cycling

Men

Road

Mountain Bike

Football

Men

Karate

Men's kumite

Taekwondo

Women

References

Nations at the 2014 Asian Games
2014
This is a List of FIM Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix broadcasters. MotoGP, the highest level of motorcycle road racing sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme, motor sport's world governing body, can be seen live or tape delayed on television in almost every country and territory around the world.

TV broadcasters all take what is known as the 'World Feed', which since 1992 has been produced by Dorna Sports. Every race is produced in 16:9 widescreen.

Dorna produces LiveTV coverage from all Grand Prix in-house.

The Live International Programme Feed (IPF) is produced in High Definition Dolby 5.1 using more than 100 High Definition cameras at each GP, including fixed cameras, on-board cameras, a Helicam and RF cameras. Dorna is refining the use of its Super Slow Motion images captured from a Super High Speed SloMo camera.

The worldwide TV coverage also includes Dorna's MotoGP Multiscreen offering, which streams signals from varying cameras on- and around the track, including on-board footage during sessions. These feeds bring new camera angles to audiences. Using internet platforms, mobile apps, as well as adding this to their TV coverage are Sky Italia, BT Sport and others.

Broadcasters 
These are the broadcasters for the 2023 MotoGP World Championship.

 – Rights in Brunei, Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Laos, Macau, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand

References 

Broadcasters
MotoGP