Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Ha v New South Wales is a High Court of Australia case that dealt with section 90 of the Australian Constitution, which prohibits States from levying excise.

Facts
The plaintiffs were charged under the Business Franchise Licences (Tobacco) Act 1987 (NSW) with selling tobacco in New South Wales without a licence. The Act provided for a licence fee, which consisted of a fixed amount, plus an amount calculated by reference to the value of tobacco sold during the 'relevant period'. The 'relevant period' was defined as 'the month commencing 2 months before the commencement of the month in which the licence expires'. The plaintiffs argued that the licence fee imposed by the Act was an excise and hence invalid due to section 90 of the Constitution.

Decision
A slim majority of the Court (Brennan CJ, McHugh, Gummow and Kirby JJ) ruled in favour of the plaintiffs, adopting the broad view of an excise per Matthews v Chicory Marketing Board (Vic). They ruled an excise was a tax on sale, production and manufacture of goods prior to consumption, applying to goods whether produced locally or not. Excises could apply to any step in dealing with the goods. The Court viewed the scheme as purely about revenue raising without a discernible regulatory element, giving it the appearance of a tax. Under this broad view, the 'licence fee' imposed by the state government was in fact an excise, which Australian states are constitutionally barred from imposing.

The Court distinguished the decision from the earlier franchise fee cases (Dennis Hotels Pty Ltd v Victoria, and Dickenson's Arcade Pty Ltd v Tasmania ) because the period of backdating (two months instead of six) and the backdating mechanism were sufficiently different.

Ha also featured a strong dissent, with the minority of the Court (Dawson, Toohey and Gaudron JJ) adopting the traditional narrow view of an excise. They rejected the Parton v Milk Board (Vic) excise definition. The minority saw an excise as specifically a tax on the local manufacture or production of goods.

See also 

 Section 90 of the Constitution of Australia
 Australian constitutional law

References 

 Winterton, G. et al. Australian federal constitutional law: commentary and materials, 1999. LBC Information Services, Sydney.

High Court of Australia cases
1997 in Australian law
Australian constitutional law
Excise in the Australian Constitution cases
1997 in case law
Tobacco case law
Tobacco in Australia
Milt Machlin (June 26, 1924 – April 3, 2004) was an American journalist, author and adventurer. He is best known for coining the phrases "Bermuda Triangle" and "Abominable Snowman," as well as his expedition to find scion Michael Rockefeller, who disappeared in New Guinea in 1961.

Biography
Machlin was born in New York City in 1924. In 1943, after one year of college, he enlisted in the U.S. Army and served in the Asia Pacific theatre. After the war, he earned a degree from Brown University and a second degree from the Sorbonne in Paris, where his roommate was Irish poet Brendan Behan.

He began his career as a journalist for Agence France Presse then as an editor for adventure magazine Argosy. It was during his time at Argosy that he dubbed a mysterious area in the Atlantic Ocean "The Bermuda Triangle" and a strange creature as "Abominable Snowman".

Search for Rockefeller

In 1969, Machlin traveled to the jungles of Papua New Guinea in an attempt to learn the fate of Michael Rockefeller, son of then-New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller. Michael had vanished in 1961 on a trip to secure bisj poles for the Museum of Primitive Art, when his catamaran capsized and he was swept out to sea. While the Dutch anthropologist he was with stayed with the vessel awaiting help, Rockefeller attempted to swim in shark-infested waters to the coastline. The anthropologist was rescued the next day, but Rockefeller was never seen again.

Rockefeller was declared legally dead in 1964, but a rumor surfaced that he was still alive and held captive by a local tribe. Machlin traveled to Papua New Guinea searching for any trace of him. Following his trip, Machlin later published the book, The Search for Michael Rockefeller, in which he concluded that Rockefeller had indeed made it to shore only to be killed by headhunters.

Legacy
Four years after Machlin's death, filmmaker Fraser C. Heston discovered 15 reels of 16 mm film from the 1969 trip, including Machlin's interviews with Dutch missionaries who had traveled from tribe to tribe and heard stories. Heston utilised the footage to create a documentary, also called The Search for Michael Rockefeller.

Selected bibliography

References

External links
SearchforMichael.com

1924 births
2004 deaths
Brown University alumni
University of Paris alumni
Journalists from New York City
20th-century American non-fiction writers
United States Army personnel of World War II
American expatriates in France
20th-century American male writers
The Nebraska–Texas football rivalry was an American college football rivalry between the Nebraska Cornhuskers and Texas Longhorns.

History
The rivalry dissolved when Nebraska left the Big 12 Conference for the Big Ten Conference. Due to Colorado, Missouri, Nebraska, and Texas A&M leaving the conference, the Big 12 Championship Game dissolved due to a lack of teams in the conference. The last Big 12 Championship game was played between Nebraska and Oklahoma in 2010.

The rivalry is known for the tension between the two programs. Almost every game between the two could have gone either way, with Texas winning many of the victories in heartbreaking fashion. In the 1996 Big 12 Championship game, Nebraska had a four-point lead over Texas until Wane McGarity scored a touchdown for Texas, followed by a 61-yard pass play on a daring fourth-down conversion deep in Texas territory that set up a late touchdown by Priest Holmes to allow Texas to win, 37–27.

The 2009 Big 12 Championship Game between Texas and Nebraska ended controversially as the officiating crew added one second to the clock, allowing Texas to score the winning field goal over Nebraska.

Although most Nebraska fans disagreed with the call, former Nebraska coach Tom Osborne stated that Texas "won the game fair and square", and that he was at the game in the press box and felt confused when it first had happened.

Game results

See also  
 List of NCAA college football rivalry games

References

College football rivalries in the United States
Texas Longhorns football
Nebraska Cornhuskers football
The 3rd National Congress of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP) was held in Vientiane from 27 to 30 April 1982, five years after the 2nd, with nearly 35,000 card-carrying members represented by 228 delegates.

References

Congresses of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party
1982 in Laos
1982 conferences
The 1961 Australian Tourist Trophy was a motor race open to Sports Cars and invited GT Cars, staged at the Mount Panorama Circuit near Bathurst in New South Wales, Australia on 1 October 1961. It was the fifth in a sequence of annual Australian Tourist Trophy races, and was recognized by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport as the Australian championship for sports cars. The race was won by Bib Stillwell driving a Cooper Monaco.

Results

Notes
 Attendance: 12,000
 Entries: 43
 Starters: 25
 Finishers: 15
 Race distance: 19 laps – 75 miles  (120 km)
 Winner's race time: 53 minutes 11.9 seconds
 Fastest lap: Bib Stillwell - 2 minutes 44.9 seconds

References

Australian Tourist Trophy
Tourist Trophy
Motorsport in Bathurst, New South Wales
Victoria Nyarko was a Ghanaian civil servant and politician. She served as a member of the Parliament of Ghana from 1960 to 1966. She was the Third Member for the Northern Region from 1960 to 1966.

Early life and education 
Nyarko was born on 24 May 1934 at Nsawam. She had her early education at the Nsawam Methodist School and the Accra Methodist School, and later proceeded to Wesley Girls' High School, Cape Coast in 1949. Following her graduation in 1952, she entered St. Augustine's College, Cape Coast, in 1953 to study her sixth form courses. She passed the Cambridge Higher Certificate examinations with exemption in the Arts subjects in 1954. She enrolled at the University of the Gold Coast (now the University of Ghana) in October 1955 to study geography with Economics as a subsidiary subject. She graduated with her Bachelor of Arts degree in June 1958.

Career and politics 
Nyarko begun as an education officer at the Ghana Secondary Technical School in September 1958. In October 1959, she was appointed assistant secretary to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and in June 1960, she entered parliament. On 27 June 1960, she was among the 10 women who were elected unopposed on the ticket of the Convention People's Party. She entered parliament at the age of 26 as the Third Member for the Northern Region. She remained in parliament until 1965.

References 

1934 births
Ghanaian MPs 1956–1965
Ghanaian MPs 1965–1966
Convention People's Party (Ghana) politicians
20th-century Ghanaian women politicians
Year of death missing
Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog is a municipality situated along the North Sea coast in the district of Dithmarschen, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

The municipality is located in and named after the polder (), which was finished in 1874 and named in honour of German Emperor William I. The Koog is entirely reclaimed land and therefore a completely flat area and is 0 meters above sea level.

References

Municipalities in Schleswig-Holstein
Dithmarschen
Koogs
The Licktators was an ice cream manufacturing company in London, England that has been described by the department store Selfridges as "more Sid and Nancy than Ben & Jerry".

Foundation 
Licktators was founded by activist Matt O’Connor, founder of Fathers 4 Justice and formerly of The Icecreamists. He uses unusual flavours and textures to create his ice creams such as donated breast milk, bread, roses and absinthe. The company once served a three-course Sundae Lunch which featured pea, beef and horseradish flavours. The company gained notoriety in 2011 for its "Baby Gaga" breast milk ice cream, which is made with donated breast milk. In 2015 Licktators collaborated with the band Blur to create an ice cream flavour based on their album, The Magic Whip.

The breast milk ice cream was launched in 2011 with the help of Victoria Hiley, a breastfeeding mother and advocate who answered an ad asking for breastmilk posted on Mumsnet, an online mothers' group. She donated 850 ml of breast milk which helped make the first 50 servings of ice cream. It was relaunched as "Royal Baby Gaga" in 2015 in celebration of the birth of Princess Charlotte and to remind the Duchess of Cambridge and mothers around the UK of the benefits of breastfeeding.

Founder Matt O'Connor has been involved with ice cream for over 20 years. As a designer, he helped launch Vienneta and Magnum, and designed the packaging for Loseley ice cream. He studied flavour theory in Italy at Bologna’s Carigiani Gelato University. He works with Mark Broadbent, his chef and Alex Kammerling, a mixologist for Grey Goose.

Legal troubles 
In 2009, Licktators was threatened with legal action by the Sex Pistols after the debut of "God Save the Cream" (a take-off of the 1977 Sex Pistols song, God Save the Queen) which contained a herbal Viagra-type ingredient. In March 2011, The Icecreamists ice cream parlour was ordered to stop selling the "Baby Gaga" breast milk ice cream by  Westminster Council. After two complaints from members of the public and apprehension about the product on the part of the Health Protection Agency and Food Standards Agency, officials confiscated all ice cream that contained breast milk so that it could undergo testing for potential communicable pathogens contained in bodily fluids. O’Connor, however, insisted that the breast milk was screened and tested using the same processes that blood donor centres and breast milk banks use.  The health protection agency ultimately permitted sale for human consumption.

In 2015, Lady Gaga threatened to sue O’Connor for the use of her name in association with the "Baby Gaga" ice cream, claiming that he had used her name without consent.  At that time it was renamed "Royal Baby Gaga" to commemorate the birth of Princess Charlotte, daughter of the then Duke and Duchess of Cambridge. It was distributed in blue and pink tubs and showed the Duchess holding a baby, accompanied by a pink and blue British flag. He claimed the name was a reference to the sound that babies make.

References 

Ice cream brands
Dairy products companies of the United Kingdom
Food manufacturers based in London
Breast milk products
The Museo Arqueológico Municipal de Jerez de la Frontera is an archaeological museum on the Plaza del Mercado in Jerez de la Frontera, province of Cádiz, southern Spain. The museum occupies an 18th-century building which was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1962.

It was established in 1873 as the Municipal Archaeological Collection, merging collections donated by wealthy individuals, and based at the Old City Hall of Jerez de la Frontera.  The museum opened to the public in 1935. The collection includes a Corinthian helmet, extremely rare in Spain, found near the city's Charterhouse by the river Guadalete. The collection also includes Roman ceramics and other items.

See also 
 List of museums in Spain

References

External links

 Página Oficial del Museo.
 Vídeo divulgativo
Patrimonio Cultural de Jerez
 Fotos de las principales piezas del Museo
 Museo Arqueológico Municipal de Jerez de la Frontera at Google Cultural Institute
 Donan al Museo Arqueológico una Virgen de piedra del siglo XVII

Archaeological museums in Spain
Buildings and structures in Jerez de la Frontera
Bien de Interés Cultural landmarks in the Province of Cádiz
Museums in Andalusia
Local museums in Spain
Saint Eluned (;  or Elevetha), also known as Aled and by other names, was a 5th- or 6th-century virgin martyr from the area of modern Breconshire. George Phillips, writing for the Catholic Encyclopedia, calls her "the Luned of the Mabinogion and the Lynette of Tennyson's Gareth and Lynette.".

Legend
One of the many daughters of King Brychan of Brycheiniog in South Wales (a sub-Roman monarch who embraced the new faith of Christianity), Eluned became a Christian at a young age. She spurned the advances of a pagan prince and, like many women of her time, ran away to avoid being forced into the relationship. She travelled first to Llan Ddew where she was ousted by the locals, then to Llanfilo. Here again, she was ousted by the inhabitants, on the pretext of thievery. She then travelled to Llechfaen, where she was again thrown out of the community. She would not find peace until her arrival at Slwch Tump, where the local lord gave her protection. However, Eluned's pursuer found her. When she ran from him, he chased her down the hill and beheaded her. Her head rolled down the hill and hit a stone; as in the story of Saint Winefride, a healing spring burst from that spot.

There is a reference to Eluned in the work of William Worcester (). He refers to the saint's remains as being housed in the priory church at Usk, home to a community of Benedictine nuns founded sometime before 1135 by Richard de Clare.

Veneration
When the Normans arrived in the 11th century, her well at Slwch was associated with healing and other miracles. Like many other such sites, the holy well and church of Eluned were destroyed in the Reformation. In his 1698 essay on the history of Brecknockshire, Welsh historian Hugh Thomas speaks of the chapel, in his time, as

"standing, though unroofed and useless; the people thereabouts call it St. Tayled [St. Aled]. It was situated on an eminence, about a mile to the eastward of Brecknock, and about half a mile from a farm-house, formerly the mansion and residence of the Aubreys, lords of the manor of Slwch, which lordship was bestowed upon Sir Reginald Awbrey by Bernard Newmarche, in the reign of William Rufus. Some small vestiges of this building may still be traced, and an aged yew tree, with a well at its foot, marks the site near which the chapel formerly stood."

Her feast day is 1 August, the same day a pagan harvest festival (Lughnasadh or Lammas) was celebrated.

References

Further reading
Forgotten Sanctuaries, an article published in the 1903 Archaeologia Cambrensis
Eluned's way and wellsites
Celtic Holy wells
The Modern Antiquarian: Heroines of Welsh History

Late Ancient Christian female saints
5th-century Christian saints
6th-century Christian saints
Children of Brychan
Converts to Christianity from pagan religions
Deaths by decapitation
Welsh mythology
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
6th-century Welsh people
5th-century Welsh people
Welsh Roman Catholic saints
Female saints of medieval Wales
5th-century Welsh women
6th-century Welsh women
Virgin martyrs
André Paul Schlupp (14 January 1930 – 19 May 2008) was a French basketball player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1956 Summer Olympics.

References

External links
 

1930 births
2008 deaths
French men's basketball players
Olympic basketball players for France
Basketball players at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Strasbourg
1954 FIBA World Championship players
This is a list of airports in Panama, sorted by location.
International and domestic airports included.



Airports 

Airport names shown in bold indicate the airport has scheduled service on commercial airlines.

Panama City Tocumen airport is the hub, and the busiest airport in all of Central America.

See also 
 Transportation in Panama
 List of airports by ICAO code: M#MP - Panama
 Wikipedia:WikiProject Aviation/Airline destination lists: North America#Panama

References

External links 
Autoridad Aeronautica Civil (Panama Civil Aeronautic Authority)
 

Lists of airports in Panama:
Great Circle Mapper
FallingRain.com
Aircraft Charter World
The Airport Guide
World Aero Data

 
Panama
Airports in Panama
Airports
Panama
Eli most commonly refers to:
 Eli (name), a given name, nickname and surname
 Eli (biblical figure)

Eli or ELI may also refer to:

Film
 Eli (2015 film), a Tamil film
 Eli (2019 film), an American horror film

Music
 Eli (Jan Akkerman album) (1976)
 Eli (Supernaut album) (2006)

Places
 Alni, Ardabil Province, Iran, also known as Elī
 Eli, Mateh Binyamin, an Israeli settlement in the West Bank
 Éile or Éli, a medieval kingdom in Ireland
 Eli, Kentucky, United States
 Eli, Nebraska, United States
 Eli, West Virginia, United States

Other uses
 Eli (opera), an opera by Walter Steffens
 ELI (programming language)
 Earth Learning Idea
 English language institute
 Environmental Law Institute, an American environmental law policy organization
 European Law Institute
 European Legislation Identifier
 Extreme Light Infrastructure, a proposed high energy laser research facility of the European Union
 Eli, someone from Yale University, after Elihu Yale

See also
 Eli, Eli (disambiguation)
 Elie (disambiguation)
 Ely (disambiguation)
Mount Balch () is an east-west trending mountain with numerous sharp peaks, the highest 1,105 m, between Mount Peary and Mount Mill on Kyiv Peninsula, west coast of Graham Land. It was discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition of 1908–10 under Charcot and named by him for Edwin Swift Balch, an American author and authority on Antarctic exploration.

References
 SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica.

Mountains of Graham Land
Graham Coast
The 1941 Cincinnati Bearcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of Cincinnati as an independent during the 1941 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Joseph A. Meyer, the team compiled a 6–3 record. The Bearcats won their rivalry games against Louisville and Miami (OH), but lost intersectional games to Boston University and Tennessee

Cincinnati was ranked at No. 92 (out of 681 teams) in the final rankings under the Litkenhous Difference by Score System for 1941.

Schedule

References

Cincinnati
Cincinnati Bearcats football seasons
Ohio Bobcats football|Cincinnati Bearcats football
Carabus melancholicus is a species of beetle from family Carabidae, found in France, Portugal, and Spain. They could also be found in Morocco. They are brownish-black coloured.

Subspecies
Carabus melancholicus costatus Germar, 1824
Carabus melancholicus melancholicus Fabricius, 1798
Carabus melancholicus submeridionalis Breuning, 1975

References

External links
Photo of Carabus melancholicus on Flickr

melancholicus
Beetles described in 1798
Many hotels converted from large private residences have gardens designed by famous garden designers or are particularly notable for their gardens.  Alternative uses have had to be found for castles, palaces, monasteries, mansions and country seats which have become financially unviable as homes, and their conversion into hotels has often been successful. This has led to the creation of 'garden hotels', many of which are better known for their gardens than for their modern use as hotels. Examples include:
Austria: Hotel im Palais Schwarzenberg
England:
Gravetye Manor, the former home of William Robinson
Cliveden, designed by Charles Barry with a rose garden by Geoffrey Jellicoe
Germany: Anholt Wasserburg Garten
India: Udaipur Lake Palace, Udaipur, Rajasthan
Italy:
Villa Cipressi
Villa d'Este, Lake Como
Villa Serbelloni Garden
Iran: Abbasi Hotel
Portugal: Bussaco Palace
Spain:
Monasterio de Piedra Garden
Hostal de los Reyes Catolicos
United States:
Mohonk Mountain House Gardens
Grand Hotel Garden
Guatemala:
Hotel Quinta De Las Flores

See also
Hotels

Hotel types
Gardens
IS5 or IS-5 may refer to:

 is 5, a 1926 collection of poetry by E. E. Cummings
 IS-5, the Soviet T-10 tank
 Infosec Standard 5, a British IT security standard
 IS-5 Kaczka, a Polish canard research glider

See also
 IS-54, a second-generation mobile phone system
Koalamagic is a live album released in 2001 by Deerhoof on the Australian label Dual Plover. The album includes five tracks, some of which are several songs put together, recorded over the course of the band's early, noise-oriented years, from 1996 to 2000. The material is culled from Deerhoof's first full length, Holdypaws, Halfbird, and Reveille. The tracks are presented in the reverse-chronological order featuring various lineups, starting with the trio that recorded Reveille. The following tracks include performances by Rob Fisk, a founding member, and other short-lived members like Kelly Goode, Jess Goddard, and Chris Cooper. Ned Raggett of AllMusic described the album as "a sort-of band history as alternate arrangements and lineups came and went".

Track listing
gore in rut / the pickup bear / holy night fever / who nu / queen of the lake / god save the queen bee / queen orca wicca wind (2000) – 19:26
insist (2000) – 2:57
a-town test site (1999) – 1:57
come see the duck (1998) – 1:48
sophie / bendinin / t.c. - tender care / the pickup bear (1996) – 5:58

Personnel

 Chris Cooper – guitar 
 John Dieterich – guitar 
 Rob Fisk – guitar , bass 
 Jess Goddard – keyboard 
 Kelly Goode – keyboard 
 Satomi Matsuzaki – vocals , bass guitar , keyboard , bells 
 Greg Saunier – drums, vocals

References

External links
 Deerhoof Discography
 Last.fm page
 Discogs page

Deerhoof albums
2001 live albums
A ministry of electricity is a government department responsible for electricity, including:

 Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy (Egypt)
 Ministry of Electricity (Iraq)
 Ministry of Electricity and Energy (Myanmar)
 Ministry of Electricity and Dams (South Sudan)
 Ministry of Electricity (Syria)

Lists of government ministries
The 1973 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1973 Big Ten Conference football season. This was Frank Lauterbur's third and final season as head coach.  It was the first season after Iowa Stadium was renamed to Kinnick Stadium.

Schedule

Roster

References

Iowa
Iowa Hawkeyes football seasons
College football winless seasons
Iowa Hawkeyes football