Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The Prince or Princess of Girona () is a title that was historically accorded to the heir apparent or heir presumptive to the Crown of Aragon. Current legislation mandates the title of Prince of Asturias to the heir of the Spanish throne but allows for the use of other traditional titles; the current title-holder, therefore, is Leonor, Princess of Girona.

Origin of the title
It originated in 1351 when King Peter IV of Aragon named his successor, to whom he conceded the title of Duke of Girona; the title embraced territories of the counties of Girona, Besalú, Empúries and Ausona.

In part I of the Constitucions i Altres Drets de Cathalunya, the section headed Genealogia dels Reys d'Aragó i Comtes de Barcelona speaks of the genealogy of John I of Aragon, son of Peter IV, saying that John and Violant had a son named James, "lo qual intitularen Delphi [Dauphin] de Girona".  On 19 February 1416, Ferdinand I of Aragon, considering the title of duke insufficient, raised it to the rank of Principality of Girona. However, these titles fell into gradual disuse until the 20th century as the heir of the King of Spain became better known by the hereditary title of the Crown of Castile, "Prince of Asturias."

Modern usage
In 1961, when announcing the wedding the future Juan Carlos I of Spain and Sofia of Greece, the Spanish Royal House issued the young prince, as titles of pretense, the style of "Prince of Asturias," "Prince of Girona," and "Prince of Viana" — these three titles referring to his status as heir apparent to the kingdoms of Castile, Aragon and Navarre respectively. He started using the titles of "Prince of Girona" on his passport during the rule of caudillo Franco, to avoid the more contentious title Prince of Asturias which was well known to be reserved for the heir of the throne of Spain. His father had adopted a similar tactic, styling himself Juan, Count of Barcelona; using the title of King of Spain would have been seen as directly subversive of the Francoist state. However, calling himself Count of Barcelona was a clear attempt at asserting his hereditary rights to then defunct Spanish throne, as there had been no Count of Barcelona who was not either King of Aragon or of Spain since the Middle Ages.

When Juan Carlos was finally given an official capacity in the Spanish state as heir to the kingdom by General Franco, he received the title of "Prince of Spain" and thus began to use this until he became King of Spain. On 21 January 1977 his son, Felipe, would be the first to use all of these titles in any official capacity for over 250 years.

With the accession of Felipe to the throne in 2014, his elder daughter Leonor became Princess of Girona, as heiress presumptive to the throne of Aragon. 
The Princess of Girona Foundation was created in 2009 and is now run on behalf of Princess Leonor: it funds programmes to aid young people.

Holders

See also
Count of Girona
Princess of Girona
List of titles and honours of the Heir Apparent to the Spanish Throne

Notes

External links 

Crown of Aragon
History of Catalonia
Aragonese Empire
Girona
The 1999 Kaduna State gubernatorial election occurred on January 9, 1999. Ahmed Makarfi of the PDP defeated Suleiman Zuntu of the APP and Wakili Kadima of AD to come winner in the elections.

Ahmed Makarfi emerged winner in the PDP gubernatorial primary election. His running mate was Stephen Rijo Shekari.

Electoral system 
The Governor of Kaduna State is elected using the plurality voting system.

Results
PDP's Ahmed Makarfi emerged winner in the contest.

The total number of registered voters in the state for the election was 2,536,702. However, 2,557,800 were previously issued voting cards in the state.

References 

Kaduna State gubernatorial elections
Kaduna State gubernatorial election
Kaduna State gubernatorial election
Noah Loosli (born 23 January 1997) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for VfL Bochum.

Club career
Loosli made his professional debut in the Swiss Super League for Grasshoppers on 21 November 2015 in a game against Vaduz.

On 17 August 2021, he returned to Grasshoppers on a two-year contract.

On 13 March 2023, he signed with German Bundesliga side VfL Bochum, whom he would join for the 2023–24 season. His contract would run until summer 2026 and is valid for both Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga.

International career
Loosli participated in the 2014 UEFA European Under-17 Championship with the Switzerland U17 national team.

References

External links
 

Living people
1997 births
Swiss men's footballers
Footballers from Zürich
Men's association football central defenders
Switzerland men's youth international footballers
Switzerland men's under-21 international footballers
Swiss Super League players
Swiss Challenge League players
Grasshopper Club Zürich players
FC Wohlen players
FC Schaffhausen players
FC Lausanne-Sport players
VfL Bochum players
Swiss expatriate men's footballers
Swiss expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
The Parc du Moulin Blanc is a privately owned but open to the public landscape park, arboretum, and botanical garden located in Saint-Zacharie, in the Massif de Sainte-Baume in the Var Department of France.  It is classified by the Committee of Parks and Gardens of the French Ministry of Culture as among the Remarkable Gardens of France.

The park was created in  by Adolphe de Saporta, with landscape architect M. Drée. After Saporta's death, it was taken over by his son Garston de Saporta, a noted paleobotanist. The park is owned today by his descendants.

The arboretum displays mature varieties of trees from Europe, North America, and Asia, including magnolia, chestnut, plane trees, and a sequoia tree, as well a large stand of bamboo. The park is watered by several springs, and by two small streams, the Huveaune and the Peruy.  Within the park is a 2800 square meter lake, with wild birds, including a heron.

See also 
 Gardens of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur

References

External links 
 Official site of the garden
 description and photos on the site of the Committee of Parks and Gardens of the French Ministry of Culture

Moulin Blanc
Tourist attractions in Var (department)
Provence
Parks in France
John Erskine Read,  (July 5, 1888 – December 23, 1973) was a Canadian lawyer, civil servant, and the only Canadian judge elected to the International Court of Justice.

Education
Born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Read graduated from the Dalhousie Law School in 1909. He completed post-graduate studies at Columbia University before receiving a Rhodes Scholarship. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree and a Bachelor of Civil Law degree from University College, Oxford. In 1913, he was called to the Nova Scotia bar and practiced law with the firm of Harris, Henry, Rogers, and Harris. During World War I, he served with the Canadian Field Artillery where he was wounded and achieved the rank of Major.

Profession
After the war, in 1920, he joined the Faculty of Law at Dalhousie University. From 1924 to 1929, he was the Dean of the faculty. In 1929, he was appointed Legal Advisor of the Department of External Affairs and rose to become a Deputy Undersecretary of State. While Legal Advisor, he was heavily involved with the Trail Smelter dispute. In 1946, he was elected a member of the International Court of Justice. He was re-appointed for a second term and served until 1958. Returning to Canada, he taught in the Faculty of Law of the University of Ottawa.

Honours
In 1967, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada "for his services in the profession of law". In 1968, he was awarded an honorary degree from the University of Alberta. He was the first recipient of the Canadian Council on International Law John E. Read Medal.

References

External links
 John Erskine Read at The Canadian Encyclopedia

1888 births
1973 deaths
Alumni of University College, Oxford
Canadian Rhodes Scholars
Canadian university and college faculty deans
Dalhousie University alumni
Academic staff of the Dalhousie University
International Court of Justice judges
Officers of the Order of Canada
Academic staff of the University of Ottawa
20th-century Canadian judges
Canadian judges of United Nations courts and tribunals
The 1896–97 Yale Bulldogs men's basketball team represented Yale University in intercollegiate basketball during the 1896–97 season. The team finished the season with an 11–5 record and was retroactively named the national champion by the Premo-Porretta Power Poll.

References

Yale Bulldogs men's basketball seasons
Yale
NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament championship seasons
Yale Bulldogs Men's Basketball Team
Yale Bulldogs Men's Basketball Team
FK AFK Ada (Serbian Cyrillic: ФК AФК Aдa) is a football club based in Ada, Serbia.

In the season 2010–11 competes in the Vojvodina League East (4th national tier).

History
The club was created in 1912 by Bjorn Von Striborg.

Squad

References

 Club profile at FudbalskaZona.
 Club page at SrbijaSport.
  

Football clubs in Serbia
Football clubs in Vojvodina
Association football clubs established in 1912
1912 establishments in Serbia
A cavatina is a musical form

Cavatina may also refer to:

Music

Compositions 
Cavatina, composition by Alexandre Tansman
Cavatina, composition by Fritz Kreisler
Cavatina, composition by John Ireland
Cavatina, composition by Cyril Scott
Cavatina, composition by Kurt Weill
Cavatina (Myers), composition by Stanley Myers, played by John Williams in The Deer Hunter movie
Cavatina "Largo al Factotum Della Città", Renato Capecchi From Act 1 of Rossini's The Barber of Seville 
Cavatina, from Donizetti's Don Pasquale, recorded as single by Agostino Lazzari 1959
Cavatina "Casta Diva", released as single by Maria Callas  
Cavatina from Donizetti's Emilia di Liverpool, released as single by Joan Sutherland	1965

Albums
Cavatina, album by Göran Söllscher

Songs
"He Was Beautiful" (Iris Williams song) (Cavatina), sung by Iris Williams 1979
"He's So Beautiful" (Cleo Laine song), English lyric version of "Cavatina", sung by Cleo Laine and John Williams 1976
"En Sång Om Gemenskap", Swedish lyric version of Cavatina, sung by Carola Häggkvist with Timo Korhonen guitar 1984
Youtie is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: 

Herbert Youtie (1904–1980), American papyrologist
Louise Youtie (1909–2004), American papyrologist
Dr Dame Joyce Margaretta Daws DBE FRCS FRACS FAMA (21 July 1925 – 13 June 2007) was an Australian-based British doctor who specialised in thoracic surgery at various hospitals for over twenty years, primarily in Melbourne. She held the post of Consultant Surgeon of Melbourne.

Education
The Hounslow-born Daws settled in Australia in 1956, having been educated at Royal School for Naval and Marine Officers' Daughters, St Paul's Girls' School, the Royal Free Hospital and University of London.

Selected affiliations
Member, Victorian Nursing Council  (1974-2007)
President of the Cancer Institute of Victoria (and board member; 1978–80)
Chairman, Victorian Nursing Council (1983–89)
Chairman, International Protea Association (1987–96)
Member, Victorian Medical Women's Society

Death
Dr Dame Joyce Daws died in Victoria on 13 June 2007, aged 81, from undisclosed causes and left $10,000 to the Nurses Board of Victoria (NBV).

Honours
She was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 14 June 1975 "for her services to medicine".

Legacy
Dame Joyce Daws Churchill Fellowship Grant

References

External links
University of Melbourne/Bright Sparcs Archival and Heritage
Royal Free Hospital newsletter (PDF)

1925 births
2007 deaths
Alumni of the University of London
Australian Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons
Australian women philanthropists
Australian philanthropists
Australian surgeons
British emigrants to Australia
British surgeons
English women medical doctors
Australian Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Fellows of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons
Fellows of the Australian Medical Association
People educated at St Paul's Girls' School
People from Hounslow
Medical doctors from Melbourne
20th-century British philanthropists
20th-century surgeons
20th-century English women
20th-century English people
20th-century women philanthropists
Natella Savelievna Boltyanskaya (, born 20 May 1965, Moscow) is a Russian journalist, singer-songwriter, poet and ex-radio host on Echo of Moscow.

She is author and performer of songs mostly on her own poetry. She published four music albums, Warning (2001), Restoration (2003), Sleepers (2005), and Shepherd's Song (2009). She is author of many political songs, such as those dedicated to Nikita Khrushchev, Solomon Mikhoels, Anna Politkovskaya and song Gaechka ("Nut") regarded as criticism of Vladimir Putin

From 1993 to 2022, Boltyanskaya daily hosted several programs at Echo of Moscow, including program Bard about Russian author song, history program In the name of Stalin, and political/news programs People are against and Special opinion. Since 1993, she works as director of the Creative Association of Russian bards.

She also hosted programs on NTV (Russia), Echo TV Russia, Russian TNT, TV Tsentr and other TV channels. She produced the documentary Parallels, Events, People about the 2011–13 Russian protests and Soviet dissident movement.

References

External links
Her official website 
Her concert in club Hyperion
Facebook page
Her site at Echo of Moscow
Her site on "Daily Journal" (Russian)
Links to her music albums
Notes from Echo of Moscow (bards) by Natella Boltyanskaya

Russian bards
Russian women poets
Russian women journalists
Russian television personalities
Echo of Moscow radio presenters
Living people
1965 births
Soviet women singer-songwriters
Soviet singer-songwriters
Russian women singer-songwriters
Russian singer-songwriters
Musicians from Moscow
Russian women film directors
20th-century Russian women singers
Ein Lavan () is a spring located in the outskirts of Jerusalem, 2 km east of the Jerusalem Biblical Zoo. It lies in the Judean Mountains.

Ein Lavan springs in the Lavan Ridge, just above the northern bank of Nahal Refaim, and is surrounded by fig trees, walnuts, almonds, carobs, olives, terebinth, and mulberry trees.

Archaeology 
Over the years, the Israel Antiquities Authority conducted several salvage excavations around Ein Lavan and in the valley at its foot. Archaeological remains revealed during excavations indicate the site was intensively used for agriculture since ancient times. According to the excavators, the remains are typical of the rural agricultural hinterland of the southern Levant. The uncovered remains include agricultural terraces and watchtowers, winepresses, quarries, rock-cut tombs, residential caves, irrigation canals, water pools and remains of structures.

The remains indicate that there was continuous human activity at the site from the Iron Age up until the end of the Mandatory period. The spring was used for agriculture by the inhabitants of al-Walaja. Most of the findings that were uncovered were from the Byzantine period and the early Muslim period. They include numerous mosaic stones and fragments of tiles that indicate a public building, fragments of pottery that are mostly dated to the Byzantine and early Muslim periods and a few to the Iron Age, six coins that can be identified: a coin from the years 351-361 (uncertain identification), a coin from the period of Constantine II (355-361); Two coins from the years 383–395, a coin from the Umayyad period after the reform (697-750 CE) and a Mandatory coin (mil) from 1943. In addition, several metal items were found, including a bell with an English inscription and a button of a unit of the British Army from the Mandatory period.

Development 
In 2015, the spring was renovated and the water pools were built and restored by the Jerusalem Municipality and the Nature and Parks Authority as part of the wider Jerusalem Park.

In September 2017, the National Council for Planning and Construction approved the construction of 4,500 housing units on the Lavan ridge above the spring. There have been several concerns raised about the planned construction in Ein Laban that would cut off the flow of water there. In March 2022, Moshe Lion, mayor of Jerusalem, decided to cancel the plan in its original form and promote another alternative that would result in construction on a third of the area that was originally intended for construction. His decision received support from most environmental organizations.

References

Geography of Jerusalem
Tourist attractions in Jerusalem
Ancient sites in Jerusalem
Springs of Israel
Landforms of Jerusalem District
Lallo may refer to:

 Lallo, nickname of Spencer Asah, American Kiowa painter
 Anthony Di Lallo, Belgian footballer
 Lallo Gori, Italian composer and musician
 Moose Lallo, nickname of Morris G. Lallo, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
 Richard DiLallo, American author
 Lallo Peshawa, Kurdish, Norwegian producer

See also
 Lalo (disambiguation)
The Oromoid languages are a branch of Lowland East Cushitic languages that includes the most populous Cushitic language, Oromo, and the closely related Konsoid dialect cluster.

Oromo Oromo, Eastern Oromo, Borana, Orma, Waata
Konsoid (Konso–Gidole) Konso, Dirasha (Gidole), Bussa (Mossiya), Mashile, Turo, Gato

References 

East Cushitic languages
The Vachnadziani All Holy (, Watschnadsianis Qwelazminda), or Vachnadziani monastery is an old monastery Georgian Orthodox near the Vachnadziani village (called in the Soviet era Schroma) in the Gurjaani Municipality, eastern of Georgia. The main church of the named after All Saints (Georgian Qwelazminda) monastery was the Mother Church of the 9th century.

Design 

Its complex, "baroque" architecture unites a three-church basilica and a central building, which is surmounted by a high dome. The architecturally significant building introduced the pendentive dome in Georgia and is considered a major starting point for the emergence of classical Georgian church architecture from the 11th century.

History 
In the 6th to 7th centuries, the monastery had a basilica with three naves, whose western part was damaged by a landslide. Fragments of the building can be seen today. Later, at the end of the 8th century - the beginning of the 9th century, the dome of the church of Kvelazminda (All Saints) was built. The church is built of stone and brick. Kvelazminda refers to the transition period of Georgian architecture (VIII - X) and is one of the most significant and highly artistic monuments.

The monastery had a high fence with a door on the west side. The building of architectural importance introduced the pendentive dome in Georgia and is considered as an essential starting point for the emergence of the architecture of the classic Georgian church of the eleventh century.

Other buildings 

About 50 meters west are the ruins of a lower three-nave basilica, dated in the 6th-7th century. The east wall and a few meters of the restored flanks are preserved for stabilization. The central horseshoe-shaped apse had a large arched window; two narrow window openings barely allowed light to enter the side rooms, which were not connected to the apse through the doors.

Facing the southern facade of the Church of the Mother of God, there are some layers of carved bricks from a monks' unit and the monastery school. According to tradition, it is said that the poet Tschachruchadze (Chakhrukhadze) received training there in the 19th century. He is credited with Tamariani hagiography, a collection in honor of Queen Tamar.

Nearby there were also the ruins of a large two-story palace from the 10th century. The original roof consisted of a flat wooden roof.

Literature 
 Chubinashvili, G. N., Arquitectura de Kakheti, TB., 1959
 Ernst Badstübner: Die Kirche Kwela Zminda in Gurdschani und die Muttergotteskirche des Klosters Kwela Zminda in Watschnadsiani. In: Derselbe: Baugestalt und Bildfunktion. Texte zur Architektur- und Kunstgeschichte. Lukas, Berlin 2006, S. 41–57
 Wachtang Beridse, Edith Neubauer: Die Baukunst des Mittelalters in Georgien von 4. bis zum 18. Jahrhundert. Anton Schroll, Wien/München 1981, S. 82f
 Russudan Mepisaschwili, Wachtang Zinzadse: Die Kunst des alten Georgien. Edition Leipzig, Leipzig 1977, S. 99–101
 Edith Neubauer: Altgeorgische Baukunst. Felsenstädte Kirchen Höhlenklöster. Anton Schroll, Wien/München 1976, S. 85–89

References 

Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance of Georgia
Georgian Orthodox monasteries
Sosefo Mautāmakia II was a king of Uvea, ruling from 1916 until 1918. He was preceded by Soane-Patita Lavuia, and succeeded by Vitolo Kulihaapai.

References

Wallis and Futuna monarchs
Yet Soo War Way Lee (1853 Tungkun, Guangdong, China – 21 August 1909 Adelaide, South Australia, Australia) was a successful Chinese-Australian merchant.

Personal life 
YSW Way Lee was born in Guangdong, China in 1853. He migrated to Australia in 1874, where he had family -- an uncle in Sydney. He initially spent time in Sydney and Brisbane, before settling in Adelaide. He married Margaret Ann McDonald in 1889. They had 3 children, Vera Pretoria, Lily and Jack Ernest.

WayLee & Company 
Way Lee had one of the government contracts to supply the Ghan railway from Port Augusta to Hergott Springs/Maree.  He partnered with several other Chinese merchants, including Hu Ting, to deliver food and other supplies to the expanding railway in the late 1880s.

An advocate and leader 

Lee was a leader of the South Australian Chinese community who advocated for the rights of Chinese residents of Australia. He and Hu Ting authored at least one letter to the Editor during the height of the Anti-Chinese immigration debates in South Australia in the 1880s.

Further reading

References

Australian people of Chinese descent
Businesspeople from Guangdong
Australian merchants
People from Dongguan
1853 births
1909 deaths
19th-century Australian businesspeople
Eilema angustula is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae first described by Hervé de Toulgoët in 1965. It is found on Madagascar.

References

Moths described in 1965
angustula
Aatto Pietikäinen (October 7, 1921, Kuopio – April 2, 1966) was a Finnish ski jumper who competed in the 1940s.  He finished eighth in the individual large hill event at the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz.

External links 
 Individual large hill Winter Olympic results: 1924–56
 Aatto Pietikäinen's profile at Sports Reference.com

1921 births
1966 deaths
Sportspeople from Kuopio
Skiers from North Savo
Finnish male ski jumpers
Ski jumpers at the 1948 Winter Olympics
20th-century Finnish people
Hamburg is an unincorporated community in Bond County, Illinois, United States. Hamburg is south of Mulberry Grove and east-southeast of Greenville.

References

Unincorporated communities in Bond County, Illinois
Unincorporated communities in Illinois
Felipe Carrillo Puerto is the municipal seat and largest city in Felipe Carrillo Puerto Municipality in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. According to the 2010 census, the city's population was 25,744 persons, mostly of Maya descent.
The Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve lies just east of the city.

History
The city  of Felipe Carrillo Puerto was founded in 1850 by independent Maya people during the Caste War of Yucatán under the name Chan Santa Cruz. After it was conquered by Mexican troops in 1901, it was renamed "Santa Cruz del Bravo" before acquiring its present name.

Geography

Climate

References

Notes

External links
 

Populated places in Quintana Roo
1850 establishments in Mexico
In generative grammar and related frameworks, m-command is a syntactic relation between two nodes in a syntactic tree. A node  m-commands a node  if the maximal projection of  dominates , but neither  nor  dominates the other.

In government and binding theory, m-command was used to define the central syntactic relation of government. However, it has been largely replaced by c-command in current research. M-command is a broader relation than c-command, since a node m-commands every node that it c-commands, as well as the specifier of the phrase that it heads. Like c-command, m-command is defined over constituency-based trees and plays no role in frameworks which adopt a different notion of syntactic structure.

References

Generative syntax
Syntactic relationships
Syntax