Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Voronoi manifold is a concept used in motion planning, geometric planning, and nonparametric optimization. It is derived from Voronoi diagrams, introduced by mathematician Georgy Voronoi in 1907. Voronoi manifolds play a crucial role in various fields, including robotics, spatial analysis, and optimization.

Overview
In motion planning, a Voronoi manifold is constructed by transforming the problem into a point navigation scenario within a higher-dimensional configuration space called C-Space. C-Space obstacles, representing physically unachievable configurations, are represented by higher-dimensional manifolds. The structure of these manifolds is closely related to the intersection of C-Space obstacles.

In nonparametric optimization, Voronoi manifolds serve as heuristic indicators of unpromising points. The optimization process gradually eliminates these points until a reduced set of promising points remains. Experiment selection involves choosing a point within the region defined by the reduced sample set, known as the Region of Interest (ROI). This point should meet specific criteria related to the Voronoi manifold and the data in the reduced sample set.

Applications
Voronoi manifolds have significant applications in several domains:

Motion Planning
In robotics, Voronoi manifolds are employed for synthesizing robot motions while ensuring collision avoidance. They contribute to the development of efficient algorithms for motion planning and path planning in complex environments.

Geometric Planning
Voronoi manifolds are essential in geometric planning, where they aid in determining optimal paths and configurations in various spatial contexts. They play a crucial role in tasks such as configuration space analysis, obstacle avoidance, and path optimization.

Nonparametric Optimization
In the field of nonparametric optimization, Voronoi manifolds serve as valuable tools for reducing the sample size and selecting promising points. They help identify regions of interest where experiments or evaluations should be focused, leading to efficient optimization algorithms and improved convergence rates.

References

See also
 Manifold (mathematics)
 Voronoi diagram

Mathematical concepts
Computational geometry
Robot kinematics

Theoretical computer science

Optimization algorithms and methods
The Oriental shrew (Crocidura orientalis) is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae. It is endemic to Indonesia.

References

 Insectivore Specialist Group 1996.  Crocidura orientalis.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 30 July 2007.

Crocidura
Mammals of Indonesia
Mammals described in 1890
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
The Last Affair is a 1976 American drama film directed by Henri Charbakshi and starring Ron Dean and Jack Wallace.

Cast
Debbie Dan as Mary
Ron Dean as David
Jack Wallace
Del Close
Betty Thomas

Production
The film was shot in Chicago during the winter of 1975.

Reception
Roger Ebert awarded the film one and a half stars and wrote, ""The Last Affair" is an appallingly bad movie - so completely bankrupt in ideas, in characterization, in simple common sense that it's little wonder its makers bought a theater to get it shown."

Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune awarded the film one star, calling it "the first film I've seen that is all supporting scenes and no main story."

References

External links
Pig wings are a pork product made from the fibula of a pig's shank - a single bone surrounded by lean, tender meat.

References

Pork dishes
Weckewerk is a sausage, native to Northern Hesse, Germany. It is made from cooked brawn and minced meat, veal or sausage, and broth of pork, sometimes from cooked meat, blood and offal. The sausage is stretched with stale bread, explaining the name: "Weck" or "Wegge" is the traditional term for roll in Northern Hesse. It is seasoned with onions, salt, pepper, marjoram, regionally also with caraway, allspice and garlic. The ingredients are ground and mixed. To be consumed within a short time, the mixture is packaged in pig intestines. If longer storage is desired, it is preserved in jars or filled in artificial casings.

Weckewerk, also called Weckewurst, can be eaten cold or fried in a pan. The former mayor of Kassel, Philipp Scheidemann, liked Weckewerk almost burnt, therefore this form of preparation is called Bürgermeisterart ("in the fashion of the mayor").

Common side dishes are boiled potatoes, leeks, black pudding, pickled cucumber, and beetroot or a green salad.

References

External links

Hessian cuisine
German sausages
North Hesse
Franz "Franzl" Lang (28 December 1930 – 6 December 2015), known as the Yodel King (), was an alpine yodeller from Bavaria, Germany.
Lang's genre is German folk music; he typically sang in the Bavarian dialect of the rural Alpine regions.

Career
Raised in Munich, Lang trained as a toolmaker.  He started playing his trademark accordion at the age of nine.  His greatest hit was his 1968 recording of Karl Ganzer's composition "Das Kufsteiner Lied".  Throughout the 1970s, he was a permanent feature of musical variety shows on West German television, especially on the ZDF program Lustige Musikanten.

Lang sold more than 10 million recordings, and earned 20 gold records and one platinum record within the German recording industry.

On his 70th birthday, he performed for the final time.

Personal life & death
He was married to his wife Johanna since 1954; he had one son (Franz Herbert Lang, 1966–1995) and one daughter (Christl). He died at a Munich nursing home on 6 December 2015 from Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. On 11 January 2016 he was buried in Munich Waldfriedhof, a forest cemetery, with multiple dedications from his family and friends.

Discography (Albums) 
 1970: Bergweihnacht (LP: Philips 63 883, Aufnahme: 1970)
 1977: Urlaub in den Bergen
 1979: Musik aus den Bergen
 1987: Schön ist’s auf der Welt
 1991: Mir geht’s guat
 1996: Freude am Leben
 Alpen-Echo
 Das original Kufsteiner Lied
 Der Königsjodler
 Die schönsten Volkslieder
 Die schönsten Jodler der Welt
 Echo der Berge
 Freunde der Berge
 Goldene Sonne, goldene Berge
 Himmel, Harsch und Firn mit den Kaiserlich Böhmischen
 Holladaratata
 In Oberkrain
 Jodlerkönig
 Kameraden der Berge
 Komm mit in die Berge
 Lagerfeuer in den Bergen
 Ski Heil
 Stimmung beim Bier
 Stimmung beim Jodlerwirt
 Wir kommen von den Bergen
 Zillertal, du bist mei Freud
 Tirol Heimat der Berge
 10 Jahre Jubiläum beim Jodlerwirt
 Im Wilden Westen
 Grüß Gott in Bayern
 Zünftig pfundig kreuzfidel
 Das Bayernland
 Der weißblaue Hammer

Filmography 
 1956: Salzburger Geschichten
 1961: Drei weiße Birken
 1961: Der Orgelbauer von St. Marien
 1961: Schlagerrevue 1962
 1962: Tanze mit mir in den Morgen
 1962: Drei Liebesbriefe aus Tirol

References

External links

1930 births
2015 deaths
German accordionists
German male guitarists
Musicians from Munich
Yodelers
20th-century German male singers
20th-century German male writers
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Burials at Munich Waldfriedhof
Kamil Damašek (born September 22, 1973, in Žatec, Czechoslovakia) is a retired male decathlete from the Czech Republic, who competed for his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. A member of Dukla Prague he set his personal best score (8256 points) in the men's decathlon in 1996.

Achievements

References

sports-reference

1973 births
Living people
Czech decathletes
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for the Czech Republic
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Universiade silver medalists for the Czech Republic
Medalists at the 1997 Summer Universiade
Antonis Stathopoulos (; born 23 February 1998) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a striker for Super League 2 club Episkopi.

References

1998 births
Living people
Greek men's footballers
Greece men's youth international footballers
Football League (Greece) players
Super League Greece 2 players
Ergotelis F.C. players
Men's association football forwards
People from Filiatra
Footballers from the Peloponnese
The Loch Arthur logboat or dugout canoe (also called Loch Arthur 1, Loch Lotus or Lotus Loch) was found in 1874 when the water level was low on the south bank of the Loch Arthur, near the village of Beeswing, southwest of Dumfries in Dumfries and Galloway in Scotland. The logboat, built of oak, is about 13.7 meters long and up to 1.5 meters wide. On the opposite side of the 300 to 400 meter wide lake was a crannóg (lake dwelling).

The Loch Arthur logboat or dugout canoe (also called Loch Arthur 1, Loch Lotus or Lotus Loch) was found in 1874 when the water level was low on the south bank of the Loch Arthur, near Kissock, southwest of Dumfries in Dumfries and Galloway in Scotland. The dugout, built of oak, is about 13.7 meters long and up to 1.5 meters wide. On the opposite side of the 300 to 400 meter wide lake was a crannóg (lake dwelling).

The logboat was damaged during recovery. The bow, including an ornamental animal head, was given to the Museum of Scotland. The surviving part of the sawed-up boat is 6.34 m long. The tail section and a paddle went to the Dumfries Museum and were lost there. The paddle was about 50mm in diameter and the end was decorated. The dugout canoe was built between 100 BC and AD 80.

The rear end formed from a bar was placed in a groove about 38 mm wide. At the end of the starboard side there were seven holes about 76 mm in diameter spaced about 1.5 m apart. The bottom of the boat was pierced with three irregular holes.

The starboard side survives to a height of 0.43 m. The remains did not suffer much from the split, but show strong faults. The bow of the boat has an unusual shape that ended in an extension that resembled the elongated neck and head of an animal. The hole that formed the “eye” was about 127 mm in diameter and was probably used for a line or rope. This feature has also been observed in the dugout canoes "Errol 2" and "Loch of Kinnordy". The pointed bow is notable for its internal gradation, which was probably left as reinforcement. This has no Scottish parallels, but is also found on three boats from Holme Pierrepont, in Nottingham, England to be found, one of which was dated between 230 BC and 110 BC.

Three bronze grapes had previously been found in the lake.

References

 Robert Munro: Ancient Scottish lake-dwellings or crannogs : with a supplementary chapter on remains of lake-dwellings in England 1882
 Nicholas Dixon: The history of crannog survey and excavation in Scotland 2007
 Ian Morrison: Landscape with lake dwellings: the crannogs of Scotland Edinburgh University Press 1986 
 Robert J. C. Mowat: The logboats of Scotland, with notes on related artefact types, Oxbow Monograph series, No. 68. Oxford. 1996, S. 78–9
 

Canoes
Dumfries and Galloway
John Smith or Smyth (died 1479) was bishop of Llandaff from 1476 to 1479.

He had previously held positions as vicar of Tenby, and archdeacon of St David's. These posts are known from an inscription on the Tenby chancel wainscotting presumably erected on Smith's initiative and (in default of evidence from St. David's Cathedral registers) personally examined by Edward Yardley. He was buried in the church of the Grey Friars in London.

He supplied William Worcestre with a list of Welsh saints included in Worcestre's 1478 Journeys.

Sources
Edward Yardley, Menevia Sacra (circa 1739-1761), ed. Francis Green (Cambrian Archaeological Association), 1927, p.  .
A. B. Emden, A Biographical Register of the University of Oxford to A.D. 1500, Volume III P to Z, Oxford, 1959; 1716.
William Worcestre, Itineraries, ed. by John H. Harvey, Clarendon Press, 1969, p. 75.

Year of birth unknown
1479 deaths
Archdeacons of St Davids
Bishops of Llandaff
Jugosloveni (; trans. Yugoslavs) are a Serbian rock band, successful throughout all of former Yugoslavia and best known for their hit "Jugosloveni".

Band history

1986 - 1989
The band was formed in 1986 by the vocalist Zoran Paunović (a former Magično Oko member). Jugosloveni released their debut album Došlo mi je da se napijem (I Feel like Getting Drunk) in 1986, in the following lineup: Zoran Paunović (vocals), Nenad Maričić (guitar), Dragan Latinčić (bass guitar) and Goran Milanović (drums). The album also featured Kornelije Kovač on keyboards and Vlada Negovanović on guitar. The songs were classic rock-oriented while lyrics featured slang and were social-related. The album featured the band's biggest hit, "Jugosloveni". For the recording of the second Jugosloveni album the band's frontman Paunović fired the complete lineup. He recorded Vruće osvežavajuće (Hot Refreshment) with studio musicians: Vlada Negovanović (guitar), Dragoljub Đuričić (drums), Ted Jani (guitar), Zoran Radomirović (bass guitar) and Saša Lokner (keyboards). The third album, Krici i šaputanja (Screams and Whispers) was recorded in the new lineup, but once again in cooperation with studio musicians. After the album was released Jugosloveni officially disbanded.

2006 - present
In 2006, Zoran Paunović rerecorded the band's old songs in a pop folk manner, releasing them under Jugosloveni moniker on the album Igralište (Playground). However, the band did not officially reunite until 2013, when they released the album Tvoje ime je ljubav (Your Name Is Love). The new lineup featured, besides Paunović, Goran Vranić (guitar), Dejan Maksimović (drums) and Predrag Gostović (bass guitar).

Discography

Studio albums
Došlo mi je da se napijem (1986)
Vruće osvežavajuće (1987)
Krici i šaputanja (1988)
Igralište (2006)
Tvoje ime je ljubav (2013)

Compilations
Došlo mi je da se napijem (1997)

References 
Citations

Bibliography
EX YU ROCK enciklopedija 1960-2006, Janjatović Petar;

External links 
Jugosloveni at Discogs

 
 

Serbian rock music groups
Serbian pop rock music groups
Yugoslav rock music groups
Musical groups from Belgrade
Musical groups established in 1986
Musical groups disestablished in 1989
1986 establishments in Yugoslavia
1989 disestablishments in Yugoslavia
Walter Place (1872 – 11 December 1928) was an English professional footballer who played as a winger. His older cousin, also called Walter Place, was also a professional footballer.

References

1872 births
1928 deaths
Footballers from Burnley
English men's footballers
Men's association football wingers
Burnley F.C. players
Arsenal F.C. players
Padiham F.C. players
English Football League players
Date of birth missing
Darevskia rostombekowi is a species of lizard in the family Lacertidae. The species is endemic to Transcaucasia.

Etymology
The specific name, rostombekowi, is in honor of Georgian biologist V. N. Rostombekov.

Geographic range
D. rostombekowi is found in Armenia and Azerbaijan.

Habitat
The preferred habitats of D. rostombekowi are rocky areas and shrubland, at altitudes of .

Reproduction
D. rostombekowi is oviparous and parthenogenetic.

References

Further reading
Darevsky IS (1957). "СИСТЕМАТИКА И ЭКОЛОГИЯ СКАЛЪНЪІХ ЯЩЕРИЦ LACERTA SAXICOLA EVERSMANN, РАСПРОСТРАНЕННЪІХ В АРМЕНИИ [=Systematics and ecology of rock lizards, Lacerta saxicola Eversmann, in Armenia]". [Zoologicheskii Sbornik, Akademiya Nauk Armyanskoi SSR ] 10: 27-57. (Lacerta saxicola rostombekowi, new subspecies, p. 35). (in Russian, with an abstract in Armenian).
Sindaco R, Jeremčenko VK (2008). The Reptiles of the Western Palearctic. 1. Annotated Checklist and Distributional Atlas of the Turtles, Crocodiles, Amphisbaenians and Lizards of Europe, North Africa, Middle East and Central Asia. (Monographs of the Societas Herpetologica Italica). Latina, Italy: Edizioni Belvedere. 580 pp. .

Darevskia
Reptiles described in 1957
Taxa named by Ilya Darevsky
The William Andrews House, at 741 Seminary St. in Napa, California, was built in 1892.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

It is a two-and-a-half-story Queen Anne-style house.

References

National Register of Historic Places in Napa County, California
Queen Anne architecture in California
Houses completed in 1892
Captain's Peril is a novel by William Shatner, co-written with Judith and Garfield Reeves-Stevens, based upon the television series Star Trek. The novel was released in 2002 in hardcover format. It is the first in the "Totality" trilogy.  The story continues in Captain's Blood and Captain's Glory.

Synopsis
The Dominion War is over. The Federation is at peace. What better time for two legendary starship captains to set aside the demands of duty and simply take some well-deserved time off? But when James T. Kirk and Jean-Luc Picard arrive on Bajor to dive among the ruins of an ancient sunken city, conditions are far from what they had planned. The small group of scientists the captains have joined suddenly find their equipment sabotaged—isolating them from Deep Space Nine and any hope of rescue—as one by one, a murderer stalks them.

Cut off from the people and technology on which they have always depended, Kirk and Picard must rely more than ever on their own skills and abilities, and their growing friendship, to solve the mysterious deaths and protect one of Bajor's greatest living treasures.

At the same time, Kirk finds the events he and Picard struggle with are similar to one of the first challenges he faced as the new captain of the Starship Enterprise, less than six months into his first five-year mission.

Now, with time running out for a dying child trapped in the scientists' camp, and Picard missing after a diving disaster, Kirk must search his memories of the past to relive one of his earliest adventures, propelling him into a harrowing personal journey that reveals the beginning of his path from young Starfleet officer to renowned legend, and the existence of a new and completely unsuspected threat to the existence of all life in the universe

External links

2002 American novels
Novels based on Star Trek: The Original Series
Novels based on Star Trek: The Next Generation
Novels by William Shatner
Novels by Judith and Garfield Reeves-Stevens
Novels set in the 24th century
Prestonella is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Bothriembryontidae.

Taxonomy 
Prestonellidae (as a not available name) was tentatively placed as a synonym of Aillyidae in the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005. Prestonella is the type genus of the family Prestonellidae, but Prestonellidae is not an available name, because it has no diagnosis. Prestonella was considered as the only genus in the family Prestonellidae.

Herbert (2007) has classified Prestonella in Bulimulidae sensu lato within Orthalicoidea.

Herbert & Mitchell (2009) have classified Prestonella, for which the phylogenetic relationships were previously unknown, in the superfamily Orthalicoidea.

Breure et al. (2010) moved Prestonella to Placostylidae, that Breure & Romero (2012) renamed to Bothriembryontidae.

Prestonellinae was formally described as a new subfamily within Bothriembryontidae in 2016. Prestonellinae contains three genera: Prestonella Connolly, 1929, Discoleus Breure, 1978 and Plectostylus Beck, 1837. Prestonella is the type genus of the subfamily Prestonellinae.

Distribution
This genus is endemic to South Africa and Lesotho. It occurs in the southern edge of the Great Escarpment in southern Africa.

Prestonella has a relict distribution in the south of the southern Africa and it is the only Recent African member of Bulimulidae s.l. Its distribution is highly fragmented.

Ecology 
Prestonella lives in forest and Nama Karoo (semi-desert) biomes. It is very specialized in habitat requirements and it inhabits only two types of relictual habitats: vertical-rocks above running water and moist shaded cliffs facing to the south. Prestonella occurs in the elevation 838–1680 m above sea level. There are two rainfall seasons in the area per year. It has been found in 2011, that genetic diversity in the populations of Prestonella is lower in dryer areas. Global warming would probably have serious negative impact on Prestonella species.

Species
There are three species in the genus Prestonella:
 Prestonella bowkeri (Sowerby, 1889) - type species, synonym: Buliminus bowkeri
 Prestonella nuptialis (Melvill & Ponsonby, 1894)
 Prestonella quadingensis - validity of this species is doubtful. Its habitat details are unknown.

References

Further reading 
 Herbert D. G. & Mitchell A. (2004). "Prestonella, the missing African element in the Gondwanan family Bulimulidae (Mollusca, Pulmonata)". Paper presented at the IV Southern Connections Conference, Cape Town, 19-23.1.2004.

External links 

 summaries of 2004-2009 papers and a photo of Prestonella bowkeri

Endemic fauna of South Africa
Bothriembryontidae
Zwei-Osterei is the second full-length album by German experimental music trio Kluster.  The album title translates to English as "Two - Easter egg".

Zwei-Osterei was recorded on February 23, 1970 at Rhenus-Studio, Gordorf, Germany. Zwei-Osterei was released in 1971 on the Schwann label, with a plastic embossed cover, including two multi fold-out inserts. Only 300 copies of the original LP were pressed and sold.

The trio played piano, guitar, cello, flute, percussion, and organ, all of which were electronically treated by engineer Konrad (Conny) Plank.  According to Conrad Schnitzler in a 1980 interview he gave to David Elliott an advertisement by an organist interested in new music led to the recording session being sponsored by a church.  Kluster was required to add religious text to the first side of the album to obtain this sponsorship.  The text was read by Manfred Paethe.  The text was written by Rudolf Bohren, Kurt Marti, Dorothee Solle, Rudolf Otto Weimer, Lisolette Rauner and Hilde Domin.  Schnitzler describes the text: "If you don't understand the German words, it sounds better. [...] If you know what it means, you'll find it terrible."

CD copies of Zwei-Osterei first appeared in record stores in 1994.  These early copies were issued by the dubious reportedly Luxembourg-based Germanofon label, who produced numerous unauthorized and illegal (bootleg) Krautrock reissues and managed to get them into mainstream distribution. The Germanofon CDs were transcribed from well worn vinyl and have inferior sound quality.  These bootlegs also incorrectly named the band Cluster.

The album was first legally reissued on the U.S. based Hypnotic label in 1996 with new cover art and a sticker touting Cluster and Conrad Schnitzler's previous membership in Tangerine Dream.  This CD reissue also contains a 15-minute-long bonus track from the 1980 Cluster & Farnbauer release Live In Vienna.  The album was also reissued on the Japanese Captain Trip label on April 20, 2007 as a 450 copy limited CD edition with an adaption of the original cover art and a bonus track by Schnitzler's later band Eruption, "Cold Winter", from their 1971 sessions.

In 2012 Bureau-B released another reissue on CD as well as on 180gr vinyl. The original cover art-work was adapted, new liner-notes provided by Asmus Tietchens.

Track listing
"Electric Music & Text" – 22:50
"Kluster 4" – 22:09

Personnel
Conrad Schnitzler
Hans-Joachim Roedelius
Dieter Moebius
Manfred Paethe – Voice, Track 1
Conrad Plank – Engineer
Oskar Gottlieb Blarr – Producer

References 
Schnitzler, Conrad  Retrieved August 17, 2007.
The Edge  Retrieved August 17, 2007.
Curry, Russ – liner notes from Hypnotic reissue

Notes 

1971 albums
Kluster albums
Schwann (record label) albums