Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
This is a list of wars involving Francia. It is an incomplete list of Frankish wars and battles from the Frankish conquest of Turnacum and Cameracum by Chlodio and the establishment of the Frankish realm by Clovis I, the Merovingian king who united all the Frankish tribes and northern Gallo-Romans in the 5th century. It includes the Carolingian Empire ( 800–888) and its three successor states:
 West Francia (843–987), becoming the Kingdom of France, see List of wars involving the Kingdom of France;
 Middle Francia (843–855), splitting into Lotharingia (855–959), Lower Burgundy and the medieval Kingdom of Italy by the Treaty of Prüm; and
 East Francia (843–962), becoming the Holy Roman Empire, see List of wars involving the Holy Roman Empire.

For a detailed overview of battles, see List of battles involving the Franks and Francia.

 - 20
 - 4

Francia (5th century–843)

West Francia (843–987)

Middle Francia and Lotharingia (843–959)

East Francia (843–962)

Notes

References 

 
 
Francia
Nagrota may refer to:

Places 
 Nagrota, a town in the Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir, India
 Nagrota, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency, a legislative assembly constituency named after Nagrota, Jammu
 Nagrota Bagwan, a town in the Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh, India
 Nagrota (Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency), a legislative assembly constituency named after Nagrota Bagwan
 Nagarota Surian, a town in the Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh, India

Events 
 Nagrota army base attack, a terrorist attack at Nagrota, Jammu district
Charles Joseph Carroll (September 1, 1882 – August 15, 1942) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

Life 
Carroll was born on September 1, 1882, in New York City, New York, the son of Patrick Carroll and Mary Kelly. His family was among the oldest and best known in Yorkville.

Carroll attended P.S. No. 6 and graduated from College of St. Francis Xavier with a B.A. in 1905. He then studied law at New York Law School while teaching in public evening schools. He was involved in athletics in college, especially baseball and football. He graduated from New York Law School and was admitted to the bar that year. By 1913, he was a member of the law firm Carroll & McCormack, with offices at 256 Broadway. He vacationed on the shores of Lake Champlain, where he assisted in managing the College Camp at Cliff Haven. He was interested in politics since boyhood and gave a number of public speeches. In 1912, he was elected to the New York State Assembly as a Democrat, representing the New York County 29th District. The district was in Yorkville, which was usually a Republican stronghold. He served in the Assembly in 1913. He lost the 1913 re-election to Republican Howard Conkling.

At one point, Carroll was a member of the law firm Sheehy, Carroll and McCormick. Specializing in admiralty law, he was associated with the admiralty division of the Corporation Counsel's office. In 1913, he went to Washington, D.C. as a lawyer for the United States Department of Commerce. He later became a senior attorney of the legal division of the United States Maritime Commission, with offices at 45 Broadway, and a special assistant to the United States Attorneys for the Southern District and Eastern District of New York. He held those offices by the time he died.

Carroll died at home from a heart attack on August 15, 1942. His wife's name was May and his children were Mercedes, Catherine, and John. He was buried in Gate of Heaven Cemetery.

References

External links 

 The Political Graveyard

1882 births
1942 deaths
People from Yorkville, Manhattan
Xavier High School (New York City) alumni
New York Law School alumni
Catholics from New York (state)
20th-century American lawyers
Lawyers from New York City
20th-century American politicians
Politicians from Manhattan
Democratic Party members of the New York State Assembly
Burials at Gate of Heaven Cemetery (Hawthorne, New York)
Federalist No. 22 is an essay by Alexander Hamilton, the twenty-second of The Federalist Papers. It was first published by The New York Packet on December 14, 1787, under the pseudonym "Publius", the name under which all The Federalist papers were published. This essay continues with a theme started in Federalist No. 21. It is titled "The Same Subject Continued: Other Defects of the Present Confederation".

The power to regulate commerce is one of the strongest reasons to switch from the Articles of Confederation to a stronger "federal superintendence." The lack of a general authority "to regulate commerce" "has operated as a bar to the formation of beneficial treaties with foreign powers" and has also led to dissatisfaction between the states. Several States have attempted to create concert "prohibitions, restrictions, and exclusions, to influence the conduct of that kingdom in this particular" area. However, "arising from the lack of a general authority, and from clashing and dissimilar views in the States, has hitherto frustrated every experiment of the kind, and will continue to" hinder the true growth that could be realized under a federal system.

Aside from the regulation of commerce, the power to raise and keep an army, under the powers of the Articles of Confederation, is merely a power of making requisitions upon the states for quotas of men. "This practice in the course of the late war, was found replete with obstructions to a vigorous, and to an economical system of defense." Publius went on to state that this led to a competition between the states, which turned into an auction for men. Having states bid on men for defense, "is not merely unfriendly to economy and vigor, than it is to an equal distribution of the burden."

Also, Publius states, that the right of equal suffrage among the states is "another exceptionable part of the Confederation." And that "The sense of the majority should prevail. However this kind of logical legerdemain will never counteract the plain suggestions of justice and common sense." He then argues that it is entirely possible that there can be a majority - seven - of the States in favor of something, which would then carry the support of Congress, but which would have far less than a majority of the actual population of the Union. And he adds to this argument, "for we can enumerate nine states, which contain less than a majority of the people and it is constitutionally possible, that these nine may give the vote."

The overall gist of Federalist No. 22, is that the current constitutional structure of the Union under the Confederation is weak and unable to support the demands that are required of a modern nation or a continental republic.

References

External links 

 Text of The Federalist No. 22: congress.gov

22
1787 in American law
1787 essays
1787 in the United States
Panmovriakos Football Club is a Greek football club, based in Riolos, Achaea, Greece.

Honours

Domestic

 Achaea FCA champion: 1
 2017–18

References

Football clubs in Western Greece
Achaea
Association football clubs established in 1975
1975 establishments in Greece
Arthur Willis (2 February 1920 – 7 November 1987) was a professional footballer who played for Tottenham Hotspur, Swansea City, Haverfordwest and England.

Football career 
Willis joined Spurs from Finchley F.C. in January 1944. He was a principal player in the push and run Championship winning side of 1950-51 when he featured in 39 games. Playing a total of 160 times and scoring one goal in all competitions for the club between 1946 and 1954 in the position of full back. Willis left Spurs in September 1954 in a transfer deal which took him to Swansea Town where he went on to make 96 appearances. He finished his career as player–manager for Haverfordwest County AFC.

England career 
Willis played once for the national team in 1951 against France.

Honours 
Tottenham Hotspur

Football League First Division Winners: 1950–51

Football League Second Division
Winners: 1949-50

External links

Top spurs A-Z of players since 1908

References 

1920 births
1987 deaths
People from Conisbrough
Footballers from Doncaster
England men's international footballers
English men's footballers
English Football League players
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players
Swansea City A.F.C. players
Haverfordwest County A.F.C. players
Men's association football defenders
Haverfordwest County A.F.C. managers
People educated at Sexey's School
English football managers
In electronic design automation, a floorplan of an integrated circuit is a schematic representation of tentative placement of its major functional blocks.

In modern electronic design process floorplans are created during the floorplanning design stage, an early stage in the hierarchical approach to integrated circuit design.

Depending on the design methodology being followed, the actual definition of a floorplan may differ.

Floorplanning
Floorplanning takes in some of the geometrical constraints in a design. Here are some examples:

 bonding pads for off-chip connections (often using wire bonding) are normally located at the circumference of the chip;
 line drivers often have to be located as close to bonding pads as possible;
 chip area is therefore in some cases given a minimum area in order to fit in the required number of pads;
 areas are clustered in order to limit data paths thus frequently featuring defined structures such as cache RAM, multiplier, barrel shifter, line driver and arithmetic logic unit;
 purchased intellectual property blocks (IP-blocks), such as a processor core, come in predefined area blocks;
 some IP-blocks come with legal limitations such as permitting no routing of signals directly above the block.

Mathematical models and optimization problems

In some approaches the floorplan may be a partition of the whole chip area into axis aligned rectangles to be occupied by IC blocks. This partition is subject to various constraints and requirements of optimization: block area, aspect ratios, estimated total measure of interconnects, etc.

Finding good floorplans has been a research area in combinatorial optimization. Most of the problems related to finding optimal floorplans are NP-hard, i.e., require vast computational resources. Therefore, the most common approach is to use various optimization heuristics for finding good solutions.

Another approach is to restrict design methodology to certain classes of floorplans, such as sliceable floorplans.

Sliceable floorplans

A sliceable  floorplan is a floorplan that may be defined recursively as described below. 
A floorplan that consists of a single rectangular block is sliceable.
If a block from a sliceable floorplan is cut ("sliced") in two by a vertical or horizontal line, the resulting floorplan is sliceable.

Sliceable floorplans have been used in a number of  early Electronic Design Automation tools for a number of reasons. Sliceable floorplans may be conveniently represented by binary trees (more specifically, k-d trees), which correspond to the order of slicing. More importantly, a number of NP-hard problems with floorplans have polynomial time algorithms when restricted to sliceable floorplans.

Further reading
 The Chip Planner of the PLAYOUT System

References

Electronic design automation
Electronics optimization
Combinatorial optimization
The Seljuk star is an ancient Turkish national symbol (Tamga). It is one of the most common symbols in Seljuk architecture, carved on medrese and on the walls of mosques.

See also 
 Divriği Great Mosque and Hospital
 Sırçalı Medrese
 Armenian eternity sign
 Borjgali
 Rub El Hizb
 Lists of national symbols

References

National symbols of Turkey
Seljuk architecture
William Robert Sutherland (May 10, 1936 – February 18, 2020) was an American computer scientist who was the longtime manager of three prominent research laboratories, including Sun Microsystems Laboratories (1992–1998), the Systems Science Laboratory at Xerox PARC (1975–1981), and the Computer Science Division of Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Inc. which helped develop the ARPANET.

In these roles, Sutherland participated in the creation of the personal computer, the technology of advanced microprocessors, the Smalltalk programming language, the Java programming language and the Internet.

Unlike traditional corporate research managers, Sutherland added individuals from fields like psychology, cognitive science, and anthropology to enhance the work of his technology staff. He also directed his scientists to take their research, like the Xerox Alto "personal" computer, outside of the laboratory to allow people to use it in a corporate setting and to observe their interaction with it.

In addition, Sutherland fostered a collaboration between the researchers at California Institute of Technology developing techniques of very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) — his brother Ivan and Carver Mead — and Lynn Conway of his PARC staff. With PARC resources made available by Sutherland, Mead and Conway developed a textbook and university syllabus that helped expedite the development and distribution of a technology whose effect is now immeasurable.

Sutherland said that a research lab is primarily a teaching institution, "teaching whatever is new so that the new can become familiar, old, and used widely."

Sutherland was born in Hastings, Nebraska, on May 10, 1936, to a father from New Zealand; his mother was from Scotland. The family moved to Wilmette, Illinois, then Scarsdale, New York, for his father's career. Bert Sutherland graduated from Scarsdale High School, then received his bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), and his master's degree and Ph.D. from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); his thesis advisor was Claude Shannon. During his military service in the United States Navy, he was awarded the Legion of Merit as a Carrier ASW plane commander. He was the older brother of Ivan Sutherland. Bert Sutherland died on February 18, 2020, aged 83.

References 

1936 births
2020 deaths
Sun Microsystems people
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni
United States Navy officers
Scientists at PARC (company)
People from Hastings, Nebraska
Scientists from Nebraska
American people of Scottish descent
American people of New Zealand descent
Scientists from New York (state)
People from Scarsdale, New York
Scarsdale High School alumni
William Trevor Rowlands (7 May 1904 – 18 May 1984) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He was also a cricketer and played six first-class matches for Western Australia between 1937/38 and 1938/39.

Family
One of the seven children of Rev. Lewis Jones Rowlands (1856-1934), a Welsh-born Methodist minister, and Annie Rowlands (1864-1940), née Dixon, Trevor Rowlands was born at Echuca, Victoria, on 7 May 1904.

He married Dorothy Esther Elizabeth Solomon (1906-2006) at West Perth on 7 January 1936.

Sports master
Rowlands was appointed sports master at Hale School, in Perth, Western Australia in 1930.

Military service
He served in the Second AIF during World War II.

See also
 List of Western Australia first-class cricketers

References

Sources
 
 World War Two Nominal Roll: Lieutenant William Trevor Rowlands (WX19026), Department of Veterans' Affairs.
 B883, WX19026: World War Two Service Record: Lieutenant William Trevor Rowlands (WX19026), National Archives of Australia.

External links 

 
 William Trevor (Trevor) Rowlands, at WAFL Footy Facts.
 Trevor Rowlands's profile at Collingwood Forever.

1904 births
1984 deaths
People from Echuca
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
University Blacks Football Club players
Collingwood Football Club players
Perth Football Club players
Australian cricketers
Western Australia cricketers
Gail Petska is a two-time American World Barrel Racing Champion. In December 1972 and 1973, she won the championship at the National Finals Rodeo (NFR) at the State Fair Arena in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

Life
Gail Petska married Paul Petska, a professional team roper. Paul qualified for the NFR four times. They had three children. When their son Cory grew up, he became a world champion heeler in team roping. Cory also married four-time world champion barrel racer Sherry Cervi. Sherry qualified for the NFR 19 times. She became winner of the most money in the event with $3.5 million.

Career
Petska competed in the Girls' Rodeo Association (GRA). In 1973, she earned $19,448 by competing in bull riding, calf-roping, barrel racing, and goat tying in the GRA. She was living in Tecumseh, Oklahoma, at the time.

Petska won the World Barrel Racing Championship twice on a small horse she named Dobie. Her GRA world championships are now recognized by the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association and the Women's Professional Rodeo Association.

When Petska won the world championship in 1972, at the State Fair Arena in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, she won seven of the ten go-rounds. Then she won again in 1973. She had a strong lead in 1974, but got the news that another Petska was on the way. No third title for Gail. Petska won the NFR Average Championship in 1972.

Petska won the barrel racing event at Cheyenne Frontier Days in Cheyenne, Wyoming, twice, in 1972 and in 1973. She also won the NFR Average in 1972.

Petska won 13 consecutive go-rounds in the NFR, which is still a record. She still holds the record for the most rounds won at the NFR in the barrel racing event in one year with 7 rounds.

Petska won the barrel racing event at RodeoHouston in Houston, Texas, twice, once in 1974 and once in 1976.

References

Bibliography

External links 
 Women's Professional Rodeo Association
 Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association
 National Finals Rodeo

Living people
American barrel racers
American female equestrians
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women
Palmadusta clandestina is a species of sea snail, a cowry, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cypraeidae, the cowries.

Subspecies
Palmadusta clandestina candida (Pease, 1865)
Palmadusta clandestina clandestina (Linnaeus, 1767)
Palmadusta clandestina passerina  Melvill, 1888

Description
Palmadusta clandestina has the flat-sided egg shape typical of cowries, and is around 26 mm long. In a defence mechanism reminiscent of some other acid-producing cowries, this species secretes sulphuric acid when disturbed.

Distribution
This species is distributed in the Red Sea and in the Indian Ocean along Aldabra, Chagos, the Comores, Kenya, Madagascar, the Mascarene Basin, Mauritius, Réunion, the Seychelles, Somalia and Tanzania

References

 Verdcourt, B. (1954). The cowries of the East African Coast (Kenya, Tanganyika, Zanzibar and Pemba). Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society 22(4) 96: 129–144, 17 pls
 Drivas, J. & M. Jay (1988). Coquillages de La Réunion et de l'île Maurice

Cypraeidae
Gastropods described in 1767
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Tetrameryx is an extinct genus of the North American artiodactyl family Antilocapridae, known from Mexico, the western United States, and Saskatchewan in Canada.

Taxonomy 
The name means "four [horned] ruminant", referring to the division of each horn near its base into two prongs; in T. shuleri, the rear prong is much longer. 5 species are known.

Description 
 
One member of the genus, T. shuleri, survived until about 12,000 years ago, and was present when Paleo-Indians reached North America. Although approximately the same size as the living pronghorn, the limb bones are somewhat more robust, suggesting that its running speed was slower than living pronghorn.

References

Prehistoric pronghorns
Prehistoric even-toed ungulate genera
Extinct mammals of North America
Taxa named by Richard Swann Lull
Fossil taxa described in 1921
Pleistocene mammals of North America
Vilhonneur (; ) is a former commune in the Charente department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Moulins-sur-Tardoire.

History
Vilhonneur was located on the Angoulême-Limoges Roman road, which was also known as the "English Road" (chemin des Anglais).

The Rochebertier tower is mentioned in a confession to Philip the Bold in 1276. A medieval castle, of which exist only traces of the foundations, is located on a hillock. The present castle was built by the Chambes (aka Jambes) family in the late sixteenth century.

Population

Sights
The town has two prehistoric caves of an exceptional nature.

The Placard cave, at Rochebertier, was discovered in 1853 and has been dated to the Magdalenian  and Solutrean periods. New paintings were discovered in 1990, identical to those in the Pech Merle cave at Lot.

The "Face" cave (grotte du Visage) was discovered in November 2005 during a caving expedition. It contains engravings as well as human and animal bones dating from the Upper Paleolithic period (around 25 000 years BCE).

At the site of the old Roman ford there is still the 50 cm-wide stone bridge, which was characteristic of the Tardoire and Bandiat valleys.

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Former communes of Charente
Dr. Graham C. Newbury (1910–1986) born in Point Pleasant, New Jersey, United States, was a general surgeon. The majority of his career was spent as Chief Surgeon at Overlook Hospital in Summit, New Jersey.

Education and residencies
Dr. Newbury was a graduate of Yale University School of Medicine and Trinity University in Hartford, Connecticut. He did residencies at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, as well as other hospitals in Boston and New York. His residencies were varied, including heart, brain and plastic surgery. Although he was invited in all residencies to remain as surgeon, he chose general surgery at Overlook.

Additional information
He was a noted resident of Lavallette, New Jersey where in his retirement he held a private practice with his wife Jane Cunningham Newbury, a nurse.

Jane Cunningham Newbury (1911–2001) born in Nova Scotia, Canada, was a psychiatric nurse. While Dr. Newbury was doing his residency in Boston, Mrs. Newbury graduated from Peter Bent Brigham Nursing School (affiliated with Harvard Medical School), also in Boston. She served as a scrub nurse for pioneer brain surgeon Dr. Harvey Cushing before taking a position at Silver Hill psychiatric hospital in New Canaan, Connecticut.

Newbury Academy
Newbury Academy alternative high school in Dumont, New Jersey was named in honor of the Newburys.

1910 births
1986 deaths
Yale University alumni
Johns Hopkins University people
American surgeons
People from Ocean County, New Jersey
People from Point Pleasant, New Jersey
Physicians from New Jersey
20th-century surgeons
Brandon Alan Boudreaux (born June 26, 1989) is a professional Canadian football defensive end who is currently a free agent. He was signed by the Hamilton Tiger-Cats as a free agent in 2012. He played high school football for the Auburn High School Tigers and college football for the Troy Trojans.

High school career
Boudreaux went to Auburn High School. At Auburn High, Boudreaux was a three-year letter-winner under coaches Robert Maddox and Tim Carter.

College career
Boudreaux played for four seasons at Troy.  In 2011, Boudreaux was rated as one of the 10 strongest players in college football.

Professional career

Boudreaux signed with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats as a free agent on May 29, 2012. In his first five games with the Tiger-Cats, he recorded seven tackles and three sacks. He was traded to the Saskatchewan Roughriders on September 24, 2014.

Upon entering free agency, Boudreaux signed with the Calgary Stampeders on February 11, 2015.

References

External links
Calgary Stampeders bio 
Saskatchewan Roughriders bio
Hamilton Tiger-Cats bio

Auburn High School (Alabama) alumni
Players of American football from Auburn, Alabama
Players of Canadian football from Alabama
Canadian football defensive linemen
American football defensive linemen
Troy Trojans football players
Hamilton Tiger-Cats players
Saskatchewan Roughriders players
Calgary Stampeders players
1989 births
Living people