Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The Valley of Decision is a 1945 film directed by Tay Garnett, adapted by Sonya Levien and John Meehan from Marcia Davenport's 1942 novel of the same name. Set in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in the 1870s, it stars Greer Garson and Gregory Peck. The film was nominated for two Academy Awards for Best Actress in a Leading Role (Greer Garson) and Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture. This was Garson's sixth nomination and her fifth consecutive, a record for most consecutive Best Actress nominations that still stands (tied with Bette Davis).

The Valley of Decision tells the story of a young Irish house maid, Mary Rafferty, who falls in love with Paul Scott, the son of her employer, a Pittsburgh steel mill owner. Their romance is endangered when Mary's family and friends, all steel mill workers, go on strike against Paul's father as the local steel industry is bought out by bigger concerns. When the Scott family refuses to sell their mill, Paul, the only son who cares about the mill and the workers, tries to intervene amid rumors the union is calling for violence under threat of strikebreakers. The Scott family, Mary and her father, and the union leader try to reach an agreement despite opposition from Paul’s brother.

The Allegheny City railroad station is misspelled as Alleghany City.

Cast

Reception
Bosley Crowther wrote, "the early phases of the picture are rather studiously on the 'cute' side" and "the middle phases are also somewhat artificially contrived...but the final phase...does have authority and depth;"

TV Guide said it is "huge (and) sprawling... the realism of the sets is a tribute to the art directors and set decorators...three out of five stars." The film was a massive hit, earning $4,566,000 in the U.S. and Canada and $3,530,000 elsewhere resulting in a profit of $3,480,000.

References

External links
 
 
 
 

1945 films
American black-and-white films
1940s English-language films
Films based on American novels
Films directed by Tay Garnett
Films scored by Herbert Stothart
Films set in the 1870s
Films set in Pittsburgh
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
Films with screenplays by Sonya Levien
1940s historical films
American historical films
Photoplay Awards film of the year winners
1940s American films
Tom Richmond may refer to:

Tom Richmond (cricketer) (1890–1957), England Test cricketer
Tom Richmond (illustrator) (born 1966), American humorous illustrator and cartoonist
Tom Richmond (cinematographer) (1950–2022), American cinematographer
Tom Richmond (Montana politician), member of the Montana Senate
Thomas Richmond (1802–1874), British portrait painter
Thomas Richmond (miniature-painter) (1771–1837), English miniature-painter
John Organ is the Canadian Anglican Bishop of the Diocese of Western Newfoundland. He was elected to serve as bishop in June 2018.

In 2019, Organ welcomed a decision of the diocesan synod to allow same-sex marriages to be solemnised in the diocese's churches, "The outcome of that was tremendous pain and suffering for LGBT folks, and for their families and friends and for their allies. It was a very difficult synod." The motion, which passed with a 94% majority, allows non-consenting clergy to opt out of solemnising same-sex weddings if this would violate their personal beliefs.

References

Living people
21st-century Anglican Church of Canada bishops
People from Newfoundland (island)
Anglican bishops of Western Newfoundland
Year of birth missing (living people)
Caroline Celestia Ingalls Swanzey (; August 3, 1870 – June 2, 1946) was the third child of Charles and Caroline Ingalls, and was born in Montgomery County, Kansas. She was a younger sister of Laura Ingalls Wilder, who is known for her Little House books.

Biography
Carrie Ingalls Swanzey was described as small, thin and frail, and, according to Laura's books, suffered the most of all the Ingalls family members through the deprivations of the hard winter of 1880–1881. Ingalls was not constantly ill, but she never enjoyed robust physical health during her life. She traveled to several places in her young adulthood seeking a more comfortable climate, including Colorado and Wyoming.

 
During her late-teen years Ingalls was a typesetter for the De Smet News and, subsequently, other newspapers throughout the state for Edward Louis Senn. She settled in Keystone in 1911.

In 1912, she married widower David N. Swanzey, who is best-remembered for his part in the naming of Mount Rushmore. She became stepmother to Swanzey's two children: Mary and Harold. Harold was one of the workers who helped carve Mount Rushmore, and his name can be found on the granite walls below the monument. He was later killed in a car accident in Keystone, South Dakota on April 9, 1938. David also died in 1938.

With her sister Grace's help, Swanzey took care of their blind sister Mary after their mother's death in 1924.

Like Grace and Laura, Swanzey suffered from diabetes, and died of complications from the disease in Keystone, South Dakota, on June 2, 1946, at age 75. She was buried in the De Smet Cemetery.

In the media
Carrie was portrayed in the television adaptations of Little House on the Prairie by:
 Twins Lindsay and Sidney Greenbush in the television series Little House on the Prairie and its movie sequels
 Haley McCormick in Beyond the Prairie: The True Story of Laura Ingalls Wilder

References

External links

 Carrie Ingalls page
 
About the Ingalls Family (Sarah S. Uthoff)

1870 births
1946 deaths
American people of English descent
Deaths from diabetes
Ingalls family
Delano family
People from Montgomery County, Kansas
People from Pennington County, South Dakota
Cowgirl Hall of Fame inductees
People from De Smet, South Dakota

da:Laura Ingalls Wilder#Lillesøsteren Caroline Celestia Ingalls Swanzey (Carrie Ingalls)
Elections for the Local Government Council were held in Nauru in late 1959. Seven of the nine incumbent councillors were re-elected  and Hammer DeRoburt was re-elected as Head Chief by the Council.

Results

References

Nauru
1959 in Nauru
Elections in Nauru
In algebra, a differential graded module, or dg-module, is a -graded module together with a differential; i.e., a square-zero graded endomorphism of the module of degree 1 or −1, depending on the convention. In other words, it is a chain complex having a structure of a module, while a differential graded algebra is a chain complex with a structure of an algebra.

In view of the module-variant of Dold–Kan correspondence, the notion of an -graded dg-module is equivalent to that of a simplicial module; "equivalent" in the categorical sense; see  below.

The Dold–Kan correspondence 
Given a commutative ring R, by definition, the category of simplicial modules are simplicial objects in the category of R-modules; denoted by sModR. Then sModR can be identified with the category of differential graded modules which vanish in negative degrees via the Dold-Kan correspondence.

See also 
Differential graded Lie algebra

References 

Henri Cartan, Samuel Eilenberg, Homological algebra
  Available online.

Algebra
Craig Andrew Lee (born 9 May 1977) is a Scottish professional golfer who played on the European Tour. He lost to Thomas Bjørn in a playoff for the 2013 Omega European Masters.

Career
Lee had a successful amateur career in his home country, culminating with a win in the national Boys Stroke Play event in 1995. He turned professional the following year, but struggled to replicate his success, spending many years working as a club professional in the Stirling area.

In 2007, despite not having a sponsor, Lee advanced through all three stages of qualifying school to gain his European Tour card for the first time. However, a poor debut season left Lee without a tour to play on at the start of 2009. He battled back to the second tier Challenge Tour in 2010 courtesy of a runner-up finish in the English Challenge, and his good form on that tour continued through 2011: another second-place finish at the Saint-Omer Open, a tournament co-sanctioned by the European Tour, helped Lee to 14th place in the season-end standings and a return to the European Tour.

From 2012 Lee played primarily on the European Tour before retiring as a touring professional at the end of 2017. He never won on the tour, losing to Thomas Bjørn in a playoff for the 2013 Omega European Masters at Crans-sur-Sierre, when Bjørn holed at 12-foot birdie putt at the first extra hole. Lee had led after at the start of the final round after a third round 61. Lee tied for third place in the 2015 Tshwane Open in South Africa. His best season was 2013 when he finished 59th in the Order of Merit. Lee was a captain's pick for the 2019 PGA Cup team.

Amateur wins
1995 Scottish Boys Stroke Play Championship

Professional wins (8)

PGA EuroPro Tour wins (1)

EPD Tour wins (2)

Tartan Pro Tour wins (1)

Other wins (4)
2000 Scottish Assistants' Championship
2009 Northern Open
2011 American Golf Holiday Scottsdale Classic Pro-Am
2022 Mizuno Next Gen Pro-Am (shared with Robbie Busher)

Playoff record
European Tour playoff record (0–1)

Team appearances
Amateur
Jacques Léglise Trophy (representing Great Britain & Ireland): 1995 (winners)

Professional
PGA Cup (representing Great Britain and Ireland): 2019

See also
2007 European Tour Qualifying School graduates
2011 Challenge Tour graduates

References

External links

Scottish male golfers
European Tour golfers
Golfers from Stirling
1977 births
Living people
Schoenus crassus is a species of sedge endemic to south-western South Africa.

Description

Schoenus crassus is a robust species, with plants usually having stiff, upright leaves. Other notable morphological characters include its firm and thickened primary inflorescence bracts, prophylls and prophyll mucros.  In addition, this species has aristate spikelets. 

Schoenus crassus closely resembles Schoenus compactus, but the former species has a more elongate flowering head (inflorescence) compared to that of the latter.

A second species that is very similar to S. crassus is Schoenus cuspidatus. Whereas the spikelets of S. crassus are aristate in form with relatively longer lower glumes, those of S compactus are cuspidate and have relatively shorter lower glumes. Furthermore, S. crassus has more thickened and firm primary inflorescence bracts, prophylls and prophyll mucros compared to S. cuspidatus.  Finally, the overall growth form of S. crassus appears more stiff and rigid compared to the more lax-looking S. cuspidatus, which often has curled leaves. 

Similar to other sedges, plants in this group are very difficult to identify. It appears that part of this problem is caused by the tendency of the southern African  Schoenus to form hybrids with each other. Preliminary evidence suggests that Schoenus crassus forms hybrids with other southern African Schoenus species.

Taxonomy
Schoenus crassus is a species in family Cyperaceae, tribe Schoeneae. Other notable genera in tribe Schoeneae include Lepidosperma, Oreobolus, Costularia, Tetraria and Gahnia. The most closely related species to S. crassus are other southern African Schoenus species, specifically, species in the S. cuspidatus and allies group. 

Southern African Schoenus were once classified as Tetraria; however, based on molecular and morphological differences, we now know that the two groups are evolutionary distinct. To ensure that this group of sedges is monophyletic (i.e. the genus only has closely related species), several species of Epischoenus and the southern African Tetraria were transferred into Schoenus. In the field, the southern African Schoenus can be distinguished from Tetraria species by their lack of stem leaves and the absence of reticulate sheaths at the bases of the flowering stems.

Distribution and habitat
Schoenus crassus has been found growing in south-western South Africa, with its distribution extending from the Cape Peninsula in the west to the Langeberg Mountain range in the east. Based on collection data and field observations, it is a species that generally prefers sandstone-derived soils in the fynbos vegetation type. Specimens have been collected from other sites, however, including those with granite and limestone parent material.

Gallery

References

crassus
southern African Schoenus
Flora of South Africa
Flora of the Cape Provinces
Daniela Vismane was the defending champion but retired in her first round match against Klaudija Bubelytė.

Emma Navarro won the title, defeating Yuan Yue in the final, 6–4, 6–4.

Seeds

Draw

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

References

External links
Main Draw

Liepāja Open - Singles
was a Japanese war criminal, medical physician, microbiologist and a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army.

He was the second commander of Unit 731, a covert biological and chemical warfare research and development unit responsible for some of the most notorious war crimes carried out by Japanese personnel.

Biography 
Masaji Kitano was born on 14 July 1894 in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan.

He graduated in medicine from the School of Medicine, Tokyo Imperial University on 26 November 1920 and the following year was commissioned as a lieutenant as an army surgeon. In 1923 at Tokyo Imperial University's graduate school, he commenced studies in infectious diseases, intestinal perforation and shigella, and became first class army surgeon seven months later. He received his doctoral degree in 1925 with a dissertation titled "Experimental research on seronegative intestine perforation and parathyroid fever", four years before being promoted to third-class army surgeon.

In 1932, he worked in the First Army Hospital and taught at the Medical Department of the Ministry of War of Japan. The following year he visited the United States and Europe for research, and in August 1935 held the position of chief second-class army surgeon (Nitō guni sei). In 1936, he was dispatched to Manchukuo and became a professor at the Manchu School of Medicine, teaching microbiology.

In 1942, he was appointed the second commander of Unit 731. His predecessor was Shirō Ishii. In April 1945, he was promoted to lieutenant surgeon general and appointed commander of the 13th Army Medical Corps. After the Japanese surrender in August 1945, he was detained in a POW camp in Shanghai. Like all involved with Unit 731 or Japanese biological warfare, he was repatriated to Japan in January 1946.

Kitano was one of the founders of the Japanese pharmaceutical company and first commercial blood bank Green Cross, which was renamed Welfide in 1998 and which became part of Mitsubishi Pharma in 2001.

In 1959, he became head of the plant in Tokyo and the chief director of that company. He was the chief funeral commissioner of Shiro Ishii.

Kitano died in Tokyo in 1986.

References

Further reading 
Romanova, Viktoriya. Shulatov, Yaroslav A. (2018) The Echo of the Khabarovsk Trials: The USSR and the Allegation Cam paign against the USA of Using Biological Warfare during the Korean War (1950–1953). History of Medicine 5(4): 262–272. 

1894 births
1986 deaths
Businesspeople in the pharmaceutical industry
Members of the Kwantung Army
Japanese biological weapons program
Japanese human subject research
Japanese mass murderers
Japanese military doctors
Japanese military personnel of World War II
Combat medics
University of Tokyo alumni
Torturers
War criminals
Goldman's nectar bat (Lonchophylla mordax) is a bat species found in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador and Panama.

References

Bats of South America
Bats of Brazil
Mammals of Colombia
Mammals described in 1903
Lonchophylla
Taxa named by Oldfield Thomas
Bats of Central America
Melitaea arduinna, or Freyer's fritillary, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found from south-eastern Europe across Asia Minor to central Asia and the Altai. The habitat consists of steppe-clad slopes.

The wingspan is 45–50 mm. Similar to the Melitaea cinxia bearing likewise black dots in the submarginal reddish yellow spots of the hindwing, but the forewing much more
obtuse, distally broader, moreover usually duller coloured, being more brownish; the distal marginal area darker, the black markings being strongly developed, the median area with less markings, the black lunate lines being partly obsolescent, partly composed of irregular remnants. The underside, too, particularly on the hindwing, is essentially lighter in consequence of the black markings being broken up and reduced.

The larvae feed on Centaurea species, including C. behen. The larvae overwinter in a web nest on the host plant. Pupation takes place in a pupa which is attached to the stem of the host plant just above the ground.

Subspecies
Melitaea arduinna arduinna (south-eastern Europe, south-western Siberia, Altai, Alai, northern Tian Shan, Dzhungarsky Alatau, Tarbagatai, Saur) 
Melitaea arduinna uralensis Eversmann, 1844
Melitaea arduinna rhodopensis Freyer, [1836]
Melitaea arduinna kocaki Wagener & Gross, 1976 (Transcaucasia)
Melitaea arduinna evanescens Staudinger, 1886 (Kopet-Dagh, Ghissar-Darvaz, western Pamirs, Israel)

Etymology
From the Latin arduum  a high place

References

Butterflies described in 1783
Melitaea
Butterflies of Europe
Hamaspora is a genus of rust fungi in the family Phragmidiaceae. The genus contains 14 species, which are known from Africa, Asia, and Australia.

Species
Hamaspora acutissima
Hamaspora australis
Hamaspora dobremezii
Hamaspora engleriana
Hamaspora gedeana
Hamaspora hashiokai
Hamaspora longissima
Hamaspora nepalensis
Hamaspora okinawensis
Hamaspora ozeensis
Hamaspora rubi-sieboldii
Hamaspora sinica
Hamaspora taiwaniana
Hamaspora viennotii

References

External links

Pucciniales
Taxa named by Friedrich August Körnicke
Discomedusae is a subclass of jellyfish in the class Scyphozoa. It is the sister taxon of Coronamedusae. Discomedusae contains about 155 named species and there are likely to be many more as yet undescribed. Jellyfish in this subclass are much more likely to have swarming events or form blooms than those in Coronamedusae. Discomedusae consists of two orders, Rhizostomae and Semaeostomeae.

Rhizostomae
Members of the order Rhizostomae are collectively known as "root-mouth jellies" and are very diverse. They do not have tentacles or other structures at the edge of the bell, instead they have eight oral arms which fuse together to form the manubrium, a central organ with the mouth at its tip, resembling an elephant's trunk. Some have numerous manubrial outgrowths, well-armed with cnidocytes and mucus-secreting cells; others have the central manubrial mouth closed, instead making use of secondary mouths at the side of the manubrium. These adaptations give the jellyfish a large surface area with which to collect large quantities of planktonic organisms. It can trap plankton from the water currents it produces by pulsating.

Semaeostomeae
Members of the Semaeostomeae are known as "flag-mouth jellies" and are large jellyfish. They have an elongate manubrium composed of four oral arms. The edge of the bell bears flaps known as lappets and in the niches between these, there are usually eight rhopalia (sensory organs). Sometimes there are also hollow marginal tentacles. The stomach is subdivided into four gastric pouches, with the four gonads situated on the oral walls of the pouches. Some semaeostomids are suspension feeders, but others supplement this with prey such as small fish, crustaceans, worms and other jellyfish. The pulsating action of the bell is linked by a nerve ring to the sensory inputs received by the rhopalia.

Phylogeny
According to the World Register of Marine Species, Discomedusae contains the following taxa:
 Order Rhizostomeae
 Suborder Daktyliophorae
 Family Catostylidae
 Family Lobonematidae 
 Family Lychnorhizidae 
 Family Rhizostomatidae 
 Family Stomolophidae 
 Suborder Kolpophorae
 Family Cassiopeidae
 Family Cepheidae
 Family Mastigiidae
 Family Thysanostomatidae
 Family Versurigidae
 Order Semaeostomeae
 Family Cyaneidae 
 Family Drymonematidae
 Family Pelagiidae
 Family Phacellophoridae
 Family Ulmaridae

References

  
Scyphozoa
Luigi Federico Creatore (December 21, 1921 – December 13, 2015) was an American songwriter and record producer.

Creatore was born in New York City in 1921, the son of noted Italian-born bandleader and composer Giuseppe Creatore. After serving with the United States military during World War II, in the 1950s he became a writer then partnered with his cousin, Hugo Peretti to form the songwriting team of Hugo & Luigi which also produced other records. In 1957, they bought into Roulette Records where they both wrote songs for various artists such as Valerie Carr and produced major hits for Jimmie Rodgers including "Honeycomb" (Billboard #1) and "Kisses Sweeter Than Wine" (Billboard #3), and "Oh-Oh, I'm Falling in Love Again" and "Secretly".

Two years later, Creatore and Peretti signed a deal with RCA Victor where they produced pop crooner and NBC television personality Perry Como. In addition, they produced several other RCA Victor recording artists, including Sam Cooke and Ray Peterson and wrote English lyrics for the song "The Lion Sleeps Tonight" (with the original bulk of the song written by Solomon Linda), producing the hit single for The Tokens. With George David Weiss they co-wrote "Can't Help Falling in Love" for Elvis Presley. Peretti and Creatore also wrote the Presley film theme "Wild in the Country". He and Peretti left RCA Victor in 1964 to join Weiss in writing a musical about the American Civil War. Titled Maggie Flynn (starring Shirley Jones) it briefly ran on Broadway in 1968.

In the 1970s, Creatore and Peretti owned part of Avco Records and then established H&L Records, which they operated until retiring at the end of the decade. Among their successes were recordings by The Stylistics and The Softones. They also won the 1977 Grammy Award for Best Musical Show Album as producers for Bubbling Brown Sugar.

His play An Error of the Moon, a speculative exploration of the relationship between the actor Edwin Booth and his brother John Wilkes Booth, directed by Kim Weild, was performed off-Broadway until October 10, 2010.

Creatore died from complications of pneumonia on December 13, 2015, eight days before his 94th birthday in Boca Raton, Florida.

References

External links
 ASCAP

1921 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia in Florida
Record producers from New York (state)
Songwriters from New York (state)
American military personnel of World War II
Grammy Award winners
American people of Italian descent
American musical theatre lyricists
Musicians from New York City
Valentin Yakovlevich Brodsky (; 1905-1981) was a Soviet artist and art critic. He was born in Kharkiv in 1905, in the family of a medical doctor. He studied under the artists A. D. Silin, P. A. Shillingovsky and Mstislav Dobuzhinsky. 

He served in the army during the Second World War, heading up the Baltic Fleet translation bureau. He lived through the siege of Leningrad, which served as the basis of a series of drawings during the 1940s. He finished the war with the rank of major. After the war, he taught at Leningrad State University.

He died in 1981. His son, Vadim V. Brodsky, is also an artist.

References

1905 births
1981 deaths
Soviet artists
Perak state route A147 or Jalan Padang Tembak is a state road in Teluk Intan, Perak, Malaysia. It is also act as a bypass of Teluk Intan town centre.

List of key points along Jalan Padang Tembak, Teluk Intan

Padang Tembak, Teluk Intan
Muçolli is an Albanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Agon Muçolli (born 1998), Danish footballer
 Arbnor Mucolli (born 1999), Danish-Albanian football player
 Erza Muqoli (; born 2003), French singer

Albanian-language surnames
The 1905 USC Methodists football team was an American football team that represented the University of Southern California during the 1905 college football season.  The team competed as an independent under head coach Harvey Holmes, compiling a 6–3–1 record. The Stanford game was USC's first outside Southern California.

Schedule

References

USC
USC Trojans football seasons
USC Methodists football
USC Methodists football