Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The Avro Type 557 Ava was a British twin-engined biplane torpedo bomber of the 1920s. It was developed by Avro to meet a requirement for a heavy torpedo bomber for the Royal Air Force but was unsuccessful, only two prototypes being built.

Design and development
The British Air Ministry produced Specification 16/22 in 1922 for a long-range land-based torpedo bomber. The specification required that the aircraft be capable of carrying a 21 in (533 mm) torpedo or an equivalent weight of bombs and produced responses both from Blackburn Aircraft (the Cubaroo) and Avro. Roy Chadwick, chief designer of Avro, initially produced a single-engined design, the Avro 556 powered by a Napier Cub engine, similar to the Cubaroo. This was rejected in favour of a twin-engined aircraft using two Rolls-Royce Condor engines, the Avro Type 557 Ava and winning an order for two prototypes from the Air Ministry. Completed in secret (owing to its armament of a 21 in (533 mm) torpedo, thought to be able to sink the largest warships), the first prototype Ava (serial number N171) flew in mid-1924.

The Ava was a three-bay biplane of wooden construction, with the un-cowled engines between the wings. It had a biplane tail, initially fitted with triple rudders, of which the centre rudder was soon removed. The fuselage accommodated two pilots in an open cockpit, with nose and dorsal gun positions and a retractable ventral "dustbin" gun position that could be manned by the navigator/bomb aimer, who otherwise occupied a large enclosed cabin. The 2,000 lb (910 kg) torpedo or equivalent bomb load were carried on external racks under the fuselage.

The Air Ministry dropped its plans to use the 21 in (533 mm) torpedo but Avro continued with construction of the second prototype, which was of all-metal construction but was otherwise similar to the first prototype, flying on 22 April 1927. While a modified version of the Ava was proposed to meet Specification B19/27 for a heavy bomber, it was unsuccessful, no further aircraft being built.

Variants
Ava Mk I
 First prototype. Wooden construction.
Ava Mk II
 Second prototype. Metal construction.

Specifications (Ava Mk I)

See also

References

External links

 Avro Ava – British Aircraft Directory

557 Ava
1920s British bomber aircraft
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United Kingdom
Biplanes
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1924
The Húsavík Eurovision Song Contest Exhibition (commonly referred to as the Eurovision Museum) is a museum exhibition located on the ground floor of the Cape Hotel in the town of Húsavík, Iceland. The exhibition tells the story of the Eurovision Song Contest and of the 2020 Netflix film Eurovision Song Contest: The Story of Fire Saga, that was set and filmed in Húsavík.

The museum project was first announced in July 2020 by the Mayor of Húsavík during a radio interview following the release of the film. The museum is run by the local Exploration Museum with permission from the European Broadcasting Union and Netflix. It displays outfits and instruments from the song contest, as well as costumes and props from the film.

Exhibitions 
The museum consists of three main exhibition spaces. The first exhibition tells the story of Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest, displaying the outfits of several of the country's contestants over the years. This included Iceland's first entry Gleðibankinn from 1986. The second exhibition tells the story of the Eurovision Song Contest and how it has defined Europe over 7 decades. The third exhibition space features props and costumes from the Netflix movie. In addition, a small space near the exit tells the story of Húsavík's campaign to win a 2021 Academy Award for a song featured in the film and named after the town.

Gallery

See also
Eurovision Song Contest
Eurovision Song Contest: The Story of Fire Saga
European Broadcasting Union

References

External links
 

Eurovision Song Contest
Museums established in 2021
Museums in Iceland
History museums
Music museums
Húsavík
Robin James Andrew (6 October 1912 – 25 August 1985) was a New Zealand lawn bowls player.

Andrew represented New Zealand at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Cardiff, finishing 10th in the men's fours, alongside Stanley Snedden, Jeff Barron, and Bill Hampton.

In 1954, Andrew won the singles title at the New Zealand lawn bowls championships, representing the Onehunga club.

References

1912 births
1985 deaths
New Zealand male bowls players
Commonwealth Games competitors for New Zealand
Bowls players at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
20th-century New Zealand people
Place of birth missing
Alan Newman may refer to:
 Alan Newman (baseball)
 Alan Newman (entrepreneur)

See also
 Allan Patterson Newman, American criminal and serial killer
Giorgi Javakhishvili (; ; born June 10, 1941) is a Georgian academic, politician, and diplomat. He served as Foreign Minister of Georgia in the closing years of the Soviet era from 1985 to 1990. He is ranked as First Class Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Envoy.

Biography 
Javakhishvili was born in Tbilisi, Georgian SSR, in 1941 and graduated from the Faculty of Journalism, Tbilisi State University, in 1965. From 1965 to 1979, he was part of the faculty at his alma mater, eventually as a professor at the Faculty of Journalism. As a Communist Party activist, he served as a First Deputy Chief of Department of Agitation and Propaganda of Central Committee of Georgian Communist Party from 1979 to 1982. Javakhishvili was then rector of the State Pedagogical Institute of Foreign Languages of Tbilisi, one of the predecessors of the current Ilia State University, from 1983 to 1985 and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Georgian SSR from 1985 to 1990.

Foreign Minister
As a minister, Javakhishvili pushed for the efforts to obtain greater autonomy from the Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs and upgrade the Georgian diplomatic service. During his tenure, Georgia vitalized contacts with Israel, Turkey, UNESCO, and UNIDO, opened quasi-missions in Germany, Belgium, Switzerland, and Austria, and became the first Soviet republic to join the Assembly of European Regions. He was succeeded by Giorgi Khoshtaria in 1990.

References 

1941 births
Politicians from Tbilisi
Tbilisi State University alumni
Academic staff of Tbilisi State University
Foreign Ministers of Georgia
Living people
The following is a list of the urban local bodies in the Indian state of Uttarakhand.

List of municipal corporations in Uttarakhand

List of municipal councils in Uttarakhand

List of nagar panchayats in Uttarakhand

List of cantonment boards in Uttarakhand

District-wise summary

Elections

Elections to the urban local bodies in Uttarakhand are held once in five years, are conducted by Uttarakhand State Election Commission. Both direct and indirect elections apply for the urban local bodies.

See also
Local government in India
Municipal governance in India
Municipal elections in India
List of municipal corporations in India
List of cities in Uttarakhand by population
List of cities in India by population

References

External links 

Uttarakhand Urban Development Directorate (PDF)

Local government in Uttarakhand
Local government-related lists
Uttarakhand-related lists
George Andreadis (; 1936 – December 30, 2015) was a Greek novelist of Pontic Greek descent. He was born in the refugee quarters of Kalamaria on the outskirts of Thessaloniki. His family had originally migrated to Batumi where his father Kyriakos had been a member of the Pontus National Assembly. The family moved to Greece in 1930.

Andreadis studied at Anatolia College in Thessaloniki on a scholarship, and then studied Political Economy at Freiburg University in Germany. He has visited the Black Sea region of Turkey numerous times and has written extensively about its culture and history, in particular the history of the Pontic Greeks deported in the 1920s.

He is best known for his novel Tamama which was made into a film called Waiting for the Clouds by Turkish director Yeşim Ustaoğlu. His other works include The Brazier of Memory and The Crypto-Christians.

He died in December 2015.

References

1936 births
2015 deaths
Writers from Thessaloniki
Pontic Greeks
Greek male novelists
Greek expatriates in Germany
The Ammonite Violin & Others is Caitlin R. Kiernan's sixth short story collection.  The twenty stories included first appeared in issues 1-23 of Sirenia Digest, Kiernan's monthly digest of weird and dark fiction.  It was published by Subterranean Press in July, 2010. The cover features an illustration by Richard A. Kirk, who has provided artwork for several of Kiernan's other collections. Jeff VanderMeer wrote the introduction. The collection was nominated for both the World Fantasy Award and Shirley Jackson Award, and appeared on the cover of Publishers Weekly.

"A Child’s Guide to the Hollow Hills" and "The Hole With a Girl In Its Heart" originally appeared as "Untitled 23" and "Untitled 26," respectively.

Contents
Introduction by Jeff VanderMeer
 "Madonna Littoralis"
 "Orpheus at Mount Pangeum"
 "Bridle"
 "For One Who Has Lost Herself"
 "Ode to Edvard Munch"
 "The Cryomancer’s Daughter (Murder Ballad No. 3)"
 "A Child’s Guide to the Hollow Hills"
 "The Ammonite Violin (Murder Ballad No. 4)"
 "The Lovesong of Lady Ratteanrufer"
 "Metamorphosis A"
 "The Sphinx’s Kiss"
 "The Voyeur in the House of Glass"
 "Metamorphosis B"
 "Skin Game"
 "The Hole With a Girl In Its Heart"
 "Outside the Gates of Eden"
 "In the Dreamtime of Lady Resurrection"
 "Anamnesis, or the Sleepless Nights of Léon Spilliaert"
 "Scene in the Museum (1896)"
 "The Madam of the Narrow Houses"

2010 short story collections
Fantasy short story collections
Short story collections by Caitlín R. Kiernan
Subterranean Press books
Irene Jessie "Mouse" Brown (née Young; 16 February 1919 – 7 June 2017)  was an author and codebreaker who worked at Bletchley Park  in Buckinghamshire in Hut 6 during the Second World War. She was employed as a linguist and translator working in the Registration Room and the main Decoding Room.

Early life 
Irene Young grew up and attended school in Edinburgh (St. Margaret's Convent School, Canaan Park School and  Esdaile College). She was interested in French, English literature and Latin. At University of Edinburgh she read English Language and Literature.

Bletchley Park
She began working at Bletchley Park in the Government Code and Cypher School in 1942. Brown wrote a book (in her maiden name) about her time at Bletchley, Enigma Variations: a Memoir of Love and War. Published in 1990, it was one of the first books to describe what life was like at Bletchley. Women formed roughly 75% of the workforce at Bletchley Park. The book tells of her time in Hut 6, everyday life at “Station X”, her wartime experiences in general and the tragic death of her first husband (Leslie Cairn). Irene and Leslie both worked in confidential roles. He in the Special Air Service (SAS), she as a codebreaker. Neither could tell the other much about what they were doing. In 1944, he became missing in action in occupied France.

Later life
She married Reginald Sydney Brown in 1948. They returned to Edinburgh and she worked in a departmental library at Edinburgh University. Her papers and correspondence are held there. She lived much of her life in Edinburgh  and died in 2017 at the age of 98.

References 

1919 births
2017 deaths
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Bletchley Park people
Bletchley Park women
British cryptographers
The Iron Moulders' Society of South Africa (IMS) was a trade union representing metalworkers in South Africa.

The union was founded in 1896.  It was strongly focused on the rights of white workers, and sought to exclude others from working as moulders.  In 1913, one "coloured" moulder was admitted to the union, against the opposition of some members, on the grounds that he presented as being white.  It also campaigned for higher wages, longer holidays, and against piece work.

By 1980, the union was affiliated to the Trade Union Council of South Africa, and had 2,378 members.  The majority were white, but a substantial minority were now "coloured" or Asian.  In 1995, it merged with the Amalgamated Engineering Union of South Africa, the Engineering, Industrial and Mining Workers' Union, and the South African Boilermakers' Society, to form the National Employees' Trade Union.

References

Metal trade unions
Trade unions established in 1896
Trade unions disestablished in 1995
Trade unions in South Africa
The Everglades Foundation was formed by a group of outdoor enthusiasts, environmentalists and residents of Florida who were concerned over the decline of the Everglades and the resulting damage in the nearby natural and protected areas such as Florida Bay. The original founding members, the late George Barley, a wealthy Orlando developer, and billionaire  Paul Tudor Jones II, spearheaded the organization's growth, and shared the same concern over the steady decline of the environmental balance in this unique and delicate ecosystem due to poor water management and pollution.

The Foundation was created and founded in 1993, and is currently operated as a not-for-profit 501(c)(3) charitable organization. This organization is supported by noteworthy performers, professional athletes, and business persons, including Jimmy Buffett and golfer Jack Nicklaus.

Focus
The Everglades Foundation is dedicated to restoring and protecting America's Everglades through science, advocacy, and education, thereby advancing an understanding of the Greater Everglades ecosystem and its irreplaceable environmental and economic value. The organization is funded primarily from private donations. The Foundation’s Board covers administrative and fundraising expenses separately each year. This allows the Foundation to state that 100 percent of each donation goes directly to support programs to restore the Everglades.  Donations provide scientists, policy analysts, researchers, communications experts and other professionals with funding to address complex issues involved in saving the River of Grass. The Everglades Foundation directs some of its resources toward organizations that hold congruent philosophies on Everglades restoration. Foundation-supported grant programs allow collaboration instead of competition with several non-profit organizations to focus efforts instead of working individually on like-minded environmental concerns.

The organization employs Ph.D-level scientists who work to promote the understanding of the greater Everglades ecosystem. The Foundation provides its expertise and research to partner organizations in addition to grant funding.  This is one of the strengths of the organization, and as such, The Everglades Foundation is often called on to provide expertise on policy issues impacting the Everglades with local governments such as Miami-Dade County, Florida, as well as the federal Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) project.

Key personnel
Carlos de la Cruz Jr. - Chairman
Eric Eikenberg - CEO

Fundraising
The Everglades Foundation holds annual benefits known as the ForEverglades Benefit in Palm Beach, Florida, in February, and the ForEverglades Naples Benefit in Naples, Florida, in March, to increase awareness and funding to support scientific research and other programs related to Everglades restoration. The Everglades Foundation also dedicates funds for legal action to ensure the protection of the Everglades if needed.

References

Environmental organizations based in Florida
Water organizations in the United States
1993 establishments in Florida
Organizations established in 1993
Stictane chinesica is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Max Wilhelm Karl Draudt in 1931. It is found in China.

References

Moths described in 1931
Nudariina
Ilirjan Suli (born 11 October 1975), also known as Ilirian Suli, is an Albanian weightlifter. He competed for Albania at the 1996 Summer Olympics men's 76 kg event and at the 2000 Summer Olympics in the men's 77 kg event.

Suli won bronze medal at the 2000 European Weightlifting Championships in the 77 kg event

References

External links
 
 
 
 
 
 

1975 births
Living people
Albanian male weightlifters
Olympic weightlifters for Albania
Weightlifters at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Weightlifters at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Mediterranean Games silver medalists for Albania
Mediterranean Games medalists in weightlifting
Competitors at the 2005 Mediterranean Games
World Weightlifting Championships medalists
20th-century Albanian people
21st-century Albanian people
East Asian identity is the objective or subjective state of perceiving oneself as an East Asian person and as relating to being East Asian. It has been discussed in media and academic publications in personal, cultural, economic and political terms.

Components
East Asian identity may consist of several interconnected parts, some or all of which may constitute an individual's identity:

East Asian peoplehood, a distinct pan-racial group, with unique genetic markers and cultural characteristics.
East Asian religion, indigenous religious practices and spirituality specific to the region.
East Asian culture, the observance of or participation in East Asian cultural traditions.

Background
East Asian identity has been described in scholarly works and research as an emergent identity, in economic, intellectual and cultural terms. Academic Glenn Hook has suggested that Japan emerged as the regional leader, in economic terms, in presenting an East Asian identity during the 1980s in G7 meetings, and proceeding to consciously present a cultural East Asian identity at the 1993 Tokyo G7 summit.

Joshua Kurlantzick, a CFR Fellow for Southeast Asia, in 2006 suggested that East Asian citizens were culturally building a "common East Asian identity". A multitude of factors have been cited as contributing towards the regional identity:
It concerns a sense of an East Asian identity that people of East Asia may have. Such an identity may be fostered through growing interactions among the people and civil society organizations in the region and through ideas, values, and norms thereby promoted and shared. An East Asian community may thus be recognized, supported, and developed by people of East Asia.

The 1997 Asian financial crisis is widely cited as centralizing phenomenon in the advancement of the identity. In economist Richard Baldwin's co-edited East Asian Economic Regionalism, the crisis was identified as trigger point for solidifying a growing East Asian identity. This concept has been widely researched across media and academic publications.

Dr Melissa Curley of The University of Queensland has proposed that mutual suspicion, particularly between the region's two largest powers (China and Japan), constitutes the most significant hurdle to the development of East Asian identity. Although acknowledging its emergence, academics Roger Goodman and Gordon White have theorized how a common East Asian identity risks obscuring non-marginal differences between societies in the region.

In 2014, research conducted by the ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute, proposed how the ASEM forum (an annual Asia-Europe conference) was linked with the building of the regional identity. Historian Arif Dirlik had theorized in this vein, that dialogue with the Western world was significant in the identity development of East Asia.

See also

References

East Asian culture
East Asian diaspora
East Asian people
Identity politics in East Asia
Michele Pena is an American politician. She is a Republican member of the Arizona House of Representatives elected to represent District 23 in 2022.

Pena is a school volunteer, agricultural professional, and the daughter of an immigrant. She was raised in Yuma, Arizona. Pena lived in Tucson before returning to Yuma.

In 2023, Pena sponsored a bill that would extend the expiration date of AA graded eggs in Arizona by six days. Arizona is one of two states with a limit of 24 days or less, which contributes to over $3 million of expired eggs being thrown out every year in the state. The bill became a source of controversy as it passed with a bipartisan (both for and against) 4-3 vote in the Arizona Senate.

References

External links 

 
 Biography at Ballotpedia

Republican Party members of the Arizona House of Representatives
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women politicians
Women state legislators in Arizona
Hispanic and Latino American state legislators in Arizona
21st-century American politicians
Hispanic and Latino American women in politics
The Highlands School District is a small, suburban public school district covering Tarentum and Brackenridge boroughs, as well as Fawn and Harrison townships in Allegheny County, in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. Highlands School District encompasses approximately 22 square miles. According to 2000 federal census data, it serves a resident population of 21,974. In 2009 the per capita income was $17,481, while the median family income was $40,715.

In July 2011, the school board voted to rename the districts' elementary schools and to realign attendance zones accordingly. The goals were to equalize student distribution between primary centers, reduce bus time and save money.

The district operates both Highlands High School (9–12) and Highlands Middle School (5–8) in Harrison Township; Highlands Elementary School (formerly Grandview Elementary) (1–4) in Tarentum; Highlands Early Childhood Center (formerly Fairmount Primary School) (PK-K) in Brackenridge. The districts also operates a virtual academy for students in grades K-12.

References

External links
Highlands School District

School districts in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Education in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area
Bethel Regional High School (BRHS) is a public high school in Bethel, Alaska, and part of the Lower Kuskokwim School District (LKSD).  it had an enrollment of 500.  it is the LKSD school with the highest enrollment.

History

On February 19, 1997, a sixteen-year-old student named Evan Ramsey opened fire in the common area. Ramsey used a Mossberg 500 12-gauge shotgun and shot fifteen-year-old student Josh Palacios in the abdomen, who later died shortly after emergency surgery. Two more students were injured before an art teacher, Reyne Athanas attempted to talk Evan into surrendering. After she failed to do so, Evan walked to the main lobby where he would shoot principal Ron Edwards twice, effectively killing him. He would then return to the common area where he took part in a police shootout. Following with his original plan, and placed the barrel of the gun under his chin. Although instead of pulling the trigger, he exclaimed twice "I don't want to die," he threw the gun on the ground and surrendered without a struggle.

References

External links
 Bethel Regional High School
 

Bethel, Alaska
Public high schools in Alaska
Schools in Unorganized Borough, Alaska