Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Potassium trichloridocuprate(II) is a salt with chemical formula , more properly .

It is a member of the "halide" sub-family of perovskite materials with general formula  where  is a monovalent cation,  is a divalent cation, and  is a halide anion.

The compound occurs in nature as the bright red mineral sanguite.

The compound is also called potassium trichlorocuprate(II), potassium copper(II) trichloride, potassium cupric chloride and other similar names.  The latter is used also for potassium tetrachloridocuprate(II) .

Preparation and properties
The compound can be obtained by evaporation of a solution of potassium chloride  and copper(II) chloride  in 1:1 mole ratio.

The anhydrous form is garnet-red. It can be crystallized from a molten mixture of potassium chloride  and copper(II) chloride . or by evaporation from a solution of the salts in ethanol. It is very hygroscopic, and soluble in methanol and ethanol. It is antiferromagnetic below 30 K, and pleochroic, with maximum visible absorption when the electric vector is parallel to the Cu–Cu vector of the dimer.

Structure

Anhydrous

The anhydrous mineral form (sanguite) has the monoclinic crystal structure, with symmetry group P21/c and lattice parameters a = 402.81 pm, b = 1379.06 pm, c = 873.35 pm, and β = 97.137°,  cell volume V = 0.48138 nm3, and formulas per cell Z = 4.  The measured density is 2.86 g/cm3, close to the calculated one 2.88 g/cm3.  It contains discrete almost planar anions , each with the two copper atoms connected by two bridging chlorine atoms.  These anions are arranged in columns consisting of distorted edge-sharing  octahedra, stacked in double chains parallel to the a axis. The columns
occupy the edges and the centre of the cell's projection on the bc plane. The potassium atoms are located between these columns; each  cation is surrounded by nine chlorine atoms.  The mineral is optically biaxial (negative), with α = 1.653, β = 1.780, γ = 1.900', 2V= 85°. The mineral is named from the Latin sanguis (blood), alluding to its color.

Theoretical calculations for this topology give the lattice parameters as a = 1388.1 pm, b = 427.7 pm, c = 896.5 pm, α = 79.855°, cell volume V = 0.523891 nm3, calculated density 2.65 g/cm3.

Theoretical
An alternative theoretical structure for the compound has a cubic crystal system, symmetry group Pm3m[221], with the copper atoms arranged as corners of a cubic grid, a potassium atom at the center of each cube and a chlorine atom at the midpoint of each edge. The latice parameters are a = b = c = 485.8 pm, V = 0.114684 nm3, predicted density 3.03 g/cm3.

References

Chloro complexes
Copper(II) compounds
Potassium compounds
The Small Wars Journal (SWJ) is an online magazine focusing on intrastate conflict. Aside from its online magazine, SWJ hosts an accompanying blog and the Small Wars Council discussion board. Other site features include an online reference library, recommended reading and event listings. The magazine is published by the Small Wars Foundation, a non-profit corporation.

The title refers to the 1940 United States Marine Corps Small Wars Manual, which used "small wars" as a catch-all term for unconventional and guerrilla warfare, also encompassing foreign internal defense (FID), military operations other than war (MOOTW), and military operations in urban terrain (MOUT).

History
The Small Wars Journal is an evolution of the MOUT Homepage, Urban Operations Journal, and urbanoperations.com, all formerly run by SWJ's editor-in-chief Dave Dilegge.

Tribal Engagement Workshop
On March 24 and 25, 2010, the Small Wars Foundation conducted a Tribal Engagement Workshop in Fredericksburg, Virginia. The workshop was cosponsored by the Small Wars Foundation, the U.S. Joint Forces Command Joint Irregular Warfare Center, the U.S. Marine Corps Center for Irregular Warfare, the U.S. Army / U.S. Marine Corps Counterinsurgency Center, and Noetic Group. The objectives of the Tribal Engagement Workshop were to evaluate the value and feasibility of a tribal engagement approach in Afghanistan, assess the secondary effects adoption of a tribal engagement strategy would have on the political and military situation and to identify the operational components of a tribal engagement approach in Afghanistan.

Reception
Rolling Stone magazine recognized SWJ in their 2009 "Hot List" edition.

A 2012 SWJ article caused controversy in its exploration of a hypothetical military operation in which an extremist group sympathetic to the Tea Party movement takes over Darlington, South Carolina and clashes with federal troops. Conservative groups criticized the article, suggesting it reflected misplaced priorities.

References

External links
 

Online magazines published in the United States
Counterinsurgency
International relations journals
Magazines established in 2005
Military magazines published in the United States
Magazines published in Maryland
Knives Don't Have Your Back is the debut studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Emily Haines and the Soft Skeleton.  It is not her own debut album, as she released under her own name in limited number of copies an earlier work in 1996, the Cut in Half and Also Double album, which was self-released. The album was released in September 2006 on Last Gang Records. It debuted at 28 in Canada and has sold 20,000 copies there. She has stated that Metric is still her first priority.

The album is a collection of piano-driven songs backed with soft strings and horns and is said to feature guest spots by Sparklehorse's Scott Minor, members of Stars, Broken Social Scene and Metric.

She is quoted as saying the following: "When I was a little kid…I would creep downstairs to the piano and write rudimentary songs about imaginary places. I'm told the first song I ever wrote was a love song to a cranberry tree. I always used the mute pedal. I hated the idea of anybody hearing me. Everywhere I've lived while working with Metric, I've written songs on the piano and played them for no one. On the advice of a friend, I decided I'd better start recording them before they were forgotten. Four meandering years later I ended up with this collection of songs featuring a few of my favorite people, a group I call The Soft Skeleton."

The album's art is based on that of Escalator over the Hill, Haines' late father Paul Haines' album with Carla Bley.

The album was "critically lauded", and was considered one of the best albums of 2006. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, it received an average score of 73 based on 18 reviews.

The song "Doctor Blind" was rated #457 on Pitchfork Media's Top 500 Tracks of the 2000s.

The original UK and Ireland CD release featured 3 bonus tracks: "The Bank", "Bottom Of The World" and "Sprig".

Track listing
 "Our Hell" – 4:09
 "Doctor Blind" – 3:57
 "Crowd Surf Off a Cliff" – 5:56
 "Detective Daughter" – 5:10
 "The Lottery" – 3:45
 "The Maid Needs a Maid" – 3:21
 "Mostly Waving" – 3:12
 "Reading in Bed" – 2:49
 "Nothing & Nowhere" – 3:24
 "The Last Page" – 4:49
 "Winning" – 5:08
 "The Bank" – 3:02 *
 "Bottom Of The World" – 2:44 *
 "Sprig" – 3:56 *

References

2006 albums
Emily Haines albums
Elvira Fernández de Córdoba y Manrique de Figueroa (c. 1500 – 1524) was a Spanish noblewoman, the only surviving daughter of Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba (d. 1515), a Spanish general involved with the Italian Wars and viceroy of Naples from 1503 to 1507, and his second wife  Maria Manrique de Lara y Espinoza (d. 1527).

In 1518 she married a cousin, Luis Fernández de Córdoba.
Elvira died quite young in childbirth in 1524, and her husband shortly after, in 1526,  on campaign in Italy.
She is of some importance for the genealogy of the Grandees of Spain as she inherited the ducal titles created for her father by the Catholic Monarchs. She had four children, Gonzalo (1520–1578), Francisca (d. 1597), Beatriz and María.
Her titles passed to Gonzalo, then to Francisca, and then to the son of Beatriz, Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona (1550–1606).

References

The Cardona and Fernández de Córdoba coats of arms in the Chigui Codex, by Emilio Ros-Fábregas, in Early Music History, (2002), vol21, 223 - 258, Cambridge University Press.
http://www.grandesp.org.uk/historia/gzas/cabra.htm
http://www.grandesp.org.uk/historia/gzas/soma.htm

1524 deaths
16th-century Spanish people
16th-century Spanish women
Deaths in childbirth
Dukes of Sessa
Year of birth unknown
Otto Carl Willy Prausnitz (October 11, 1876 in Hamburg – April 21, 1963), also known as Carl Prausnitz-Giles,  was a German physician, bacteriologist, and hygienist who developed the Prausnitz–Küstner test with Heinz Küstner.

Education and career 
Prausnitz was a student of Richard Pfeiffer, and is considered a pioneer of bacteriology and immunology.  Prausnitz was born in Hamburg, Germany on October 11, 1876.  He was the son of Otto Prausnitz, a German physician, and an English mother whose maiden name was Giles. Prausnitz studied at the Universities of Leipzig, Kiel, and Breslau, and mainly worked on differentiating Vibrio cholerae from other Vibrio species.  He earned his M.D. from the University of Breslau in 1903.  He also studied hay fever and the allergenic nature of pollen. Prausnitz moved to London in 1905, and became an instructor at the Royal Institute of Public Health.

References

External links
History of the Collegium Internationale Allergologicum

German immunologists
German microbiologists
1876 births
1963 deaths
The Masurian Institute (Polish: Instytut Mazurski) in Olsztyn is a scientific research institution established in 1943 during World War II in the Nazi occupied Poland in Radość near Warsaw by the underground Masurian Union (Związek Mazurski), since 1945 the headquarters moved to Olsztyn, the main city of the Masurian movement.

Since 1948 the Masurian Institute is a scientific branch of the Western Institute in Poznań, and since 1953 part of the Polish Historical Society (Polskie Towarzystwo Historyczne).

Area of activities
 all kind of research related to the region of Warmia-Masuria in north-eastern Poland (see also: Warmia, Masuria).

Main publication
 Komunukaty Warmińsko-Mazurskie (Warmian-Masurian Messages)

Learned societies of Poland
Polish regional societies
Olsztyn
Okhreni  was a village development committee in Ramechhap District in the Janakpur Zone of north-eastern Nepal now it has included on Ramechhap municipalicy. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,007 people living in 549 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Ramechhap District

Populated places in Ramechhap District
The Great Southern and Western Railway (GS&WR) Class 341 consisted of a single 4-4-0 express passenger locomotive named Sir William Goulding introduced in 1913 for the Dublin—Cork route.  Despite being an apparently capable design it was withdrawn in 1928.

Design
Design was begun by Robert Coey who retired through ill health and completed by Richard Maunsell who was later to design the UK Southern Railway Schools 4-4-0. Equipped with a large diameter boiler and Schmidt superheater.  It was unique for the GS&WR and its successor the GSR in having inside Walschaerts valve gear. This design was at the limit achievable by a 4-4-0 within the axle weight restriction limits and it was weighed regularly to ensure compliance.  The only change to the initial design was a later reduction in cylinder diameter

Service
Due to weight restrictions it served on the Dublin—Cork route only where from 1916 it later shared services with the new EA Watson designed 400 Class 4-6-0 against which engine 341 seems to have compared favourably.

Withdrawal
The locomotive was withdrawn in 1928 after just 15 years, three 400 class express locomotives were also retired shortly afterwards as surplus to requirements.

Model
There is a detailed O Gauge model of engine 341 in the Fry model railway collection.

References

4-4-0 locomotives
5 ft 3 in gauge locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1913
Scrapped locomotives
Steam locomotives of Ireland
Individual locomotives of Ireland
Massy Stores (formerly Hi-Lo Foods Stores) is a nationwide supermarket chain in Trinidad and Tobago. It is a subsidiary of the Massy Group (formerly Neal & Massy) of companies and part of the IGA network. Originally opened by Cannings Foods Limited, Hi-Lo was rebranded as Massy Stores in 2014 as part of an effort to make consumers familiar with other businesses operating under the Massy Group.

References

External links 
 Official Website

Supermarkets of Trinidad and Tobago
Setaria parviflora is a species of grass known by the common names marsh bristlegrass, knotroot bristle-grass, bristly foxtail and yellow bristlegrass. It is native to North America, including Mexico and the United States from California to the East Coast, Central America and the West Indies, and South America.

This grass is a perennial with small, knotty rhizomes. It produces stems 30 centimeters to well over one meter tall. The leaf blades are up to 25 centimeters long and under a centimeter wide. The leaves are whitish-green. The inflorescence is a compact, spikelike panicle up to 8 or 10 centimeters long. Surrounding each spikelet are up to 12 yellow or purple bristles. The bristles stay on the stalk after the seeds drop away.

This grass grows in moist habitat. It can grow in salty habitat such as salt marshes.

References

parviflora
Flora of Northern America
Flora of Southern America
Decadent is the 15th studio album by German heavy metal band U.D.O. It was released on 23 January 2015 in Europe and 3 February 2015 in the United States through AFM Records. On 12 December 2014, "Decadent" was released as the first single. It is the last album to feature drummer Francesco Jovino as well as guitarist Kasperi Heikkinen.

Reception

Jimmy Martin of Terrorizer gave the album a moderate rating, and wrote, "True to form, 'Decadent' [...] is chock full of the man's trademark bluster, which has essentially remained stylistically frozen in 'Metal Heart'/'Screaming For Vengeance' formation. [...] Gloriously oblivious to all or any developments elsewhere in metal, 'Decadent' [...] is possessed of a vim, vigour and strident joie-de-vivre that proves very hard to resist."

Track listing

Personnel 
 Udo Dirkschneider: vocals
 Andrey Smirnov: guitars
 Kasperi Heikkinen: guitars
 Fitty Wienhold: bass
 Francesco Jovino: drums

Guest musicians
 Ingmar Viertel: backing vocals
 Claus Rettkowski: backing vocals

Production
 Jacob Hansen: mastering
 Martin Häusler: photography
 Dirk Hüttner: cover art
 Hiko: Design, layout
 Holger Thielbörger: editing
 Fitty Wienhold: producer
 Udo Dirkschneider: producer
 Mattes: producer, mixing

References 

U.D.O. albums
2015 albums
Sergey Naumik (born 8 October 1985) is a Kazakhstani biathlete. He was born in the West Kazakhstan Province. He competed at the Biathlon World Championships 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013, and at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, in sprint, pursuit and individual.

References

External links
 

1985 births
Living people
Biathletes at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Kazakhstani male biathletes
Olympic biathletes for Kazakhstan
Asian Games medalists in biathlon
Biathletes at the 2007 Asian Winter Games
Asian Games bronze medalists for Kazakhstan
Medalists at the 2007 Asian Winter Games
21st-century Kazakhstani people
People from West Kazakhstan Region
Vasil'evbreen is a glacier in Sørkapp Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has an extension of about twenty kilometers, with several tributary glaciers. It is named after Russian astronomer Alexandr Semenovich Vasil'ev. The glacier has a wide front facing towards the eastern shore of Spitsbergen, including the bay of Isbukta. The southern part of Vasil'evbreen is called Randbreen, located north of Istoppane and Dumskolten, and south of Søre Randberget.

References

Glaciers of Spitsbergen
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Erbil, Kurdistan Region.

Prior to 20th century
 1232 - Mudhafaria Minaret built.
 1870 - Mustafa Agha became first Director Municipality of Erbil .
 1883 - Sheikh Choli Mosque built .

20th century
 1918 – Erbil occupied by British forces on November
 1923 - Ahmed Othman became first Governor of Erbil.
 1930 - Erbil al-Aulla School established .
 1943 - Library of Erbil established .
 1966 - 7 September: Erbil Chamber of Commerce founded .
 1968 
 Gilkand Park established 
 	3 November: Erbil SC (football club) formed .
 1981 - Salahaddin University moved to Erbil from Sulaymaniyah .
 1991 - 11 March: People in the Erbil attacked the Iraqi military bases and stormed government buildings and took control of the City and inflicted heavy damage on government forces
 1992 - City becomes capital of the Kurdistan Region
 1996
 Erbil Polytechnic University founded.
 31 August: City occupied by forces of Iraqi Republican Guard.

21st century
	
 2001 - Politician Franso Hariri assassinated .
 2004 
 1 February: Bombings .
 Kurdish Textile Museum established .
 2005 
 Hawler Medical University founded .
 4 May : bombing.
 7 July: Erbil International Airport opens .
 2006 - University of Kurdistan Hewler established .
 2007 
 Jalil Khayat Mosque built.
 9 May: Bombing.
 2013 - 29 September: Bombings.
 2014 - 19 November: Bombing.
 2015 - 17 April: Car Bomb Explodes Outside US Consulate.
 2017 - 29 October: Protesters storm Iraqi Kurdistan parliament after Barzani announces resignation
 2018 
 23 July:  Erbil governorate building attack by unknown Gunmen .
 4 August: Fire destroys Qaysari Bazaar .
 25 October: Fire destroys Second-hand shops .
 2020 - 30 September: Erbil International Airport rocket attacks
 2021 
 Illusion Museum established 
15 February: Erbil rocket attacks .
 24 February : Armenian Cultural Center opens.
 14 April: Erbil International Airport attacks by drones.
 25 June : Fire destroys Hawler Mall .
 6 July: Erbil International Airport attacks by drones.
 2022
 28 June: Two university professors killed in shooting in  Erbil.

References

Years in Iraq
Erbil
Erbil
Iraqi Kurdistan
History of Erbil
JRS may refer to:

Businesses and organisations 
 Jesuit Refugee Service, a Catholic aid organisation
 JPMorgan Russian Securities, an investment trust

Places 
 Atarot Airport, Israel
 John Ruskin School, Cumbria, England
 Joseph Rowntree School, York, England

Other uses 
 Joseph Robert Smallwood (1900–1991), Canadian politician
 Journal of Roman Studies (first published 1911)
 Sikorsky JRS, a 1930s seaplane model

See also 
 Juniors (disambiguation)
 JR (disambiguation)
Andrew Goodwin is an Australian born operatic tenor.

Early years
Goodwin was born in Sydney, Australia, and began learning the violin at the age of five. His father, a school teacher, was a fan of classical music and collector of opera gramophone records. While singing in St. Andrew’s Cathedral choir, he continued learning the violin, piano, and organ.

Education
Following a suggestion by his piano teacher that he study voice in Russia, Goodwin left Australia for Europe in 1999. He studied in the Saint Petersburg Conservatory under Professor Lyov Nikolaevich Morozov. Goodwin graduated from the Conservatory in June 2005. In 2006, he began a postgraduate diploma in vocal studies at the Royal Academy of Music.

Career
Goodwin's operatic debut was as Fenton in Verdi's Falstaff for Opera Australia in January 2006. Later that year he performed Lensky in a new Production of  Eugene Onegin by Dmitry Chernyakov at the Bolshoi Theatre, Russia, a rare achievement by a foreigner. He is also now a regular soloist with the St Petersburg Symphony Orchestra and a cultural ambassador for Australia on the world stage.

Since 2006, Goodwin has been a soloist with the Bolshoi Theatre (Moscow, Russia). He has also appeared at The Sydney Opera house, The Arts Centre, Melbourne, Tokyo Opera City Concert Hall, Seoul Arts Centre, National Concert Hall Taipei, Teatro Real, Madrid, Gran Teatre de Liceu, Barcelona, La Scala, Milan, Philharmonic Hall, St. Peterburg, Great Hall of the Moscow Conservatory.

A list of Goodwin's roles includes:
 Lensky (Bolshoi Theatre, Moscow) Eugene Onegin by Tchaikovsky
 Fenton (Sydney) Falstaff by Giuseppe Verdi
 Belmonte (Sydney) The Abduction from the Seraglio; also known as Il Seraglio by Mozart
 Don Ottavio (Sydney) Don Giovanni by Mozart
 Janek (Sydney) The Makropulos Affair by Leoš Janáček
 Tamino (Sydney) The Magic Flute by Mozart
 Leandre (Tel Aviv) The Mock Doctor by Charles Gounod
 Dante (St.Peterburg) Francesca da Rimini by Sergei Rachmaninov
 Avvakum  (Moscow) Boyarinya Morozova by Rodion Shchedrin
 Alfred (Moscow) Die Fledermaus by Johann Strauss II

In December 2010, Goodwin played Orpheus in the Pinchgut Opera production of L'anima del filosofo by Joseph Haydn.

Awards

Goodwin has won a number of competitions and prizes in Australia and abroad, including:
Marten Bequest Travelling Scholarship
Sir Robert Askin Operatic Travelling Scholarship
Australian Opera Auditions Committee Joan Sutherland and Richard Bonynge Scholarship
 Finalist, 2004 Australian Singing Competition
 Nelly Apt Travelling Scholarship to attend the International Vocal Art's Institute at Tel Aviv in Israel
 April 2004, Amber Nightingale singing competition at Kaliningrad in Russia
 November 2005, 2nd prize in the Elena Obrastzova Singing competition at St. Petersburg; also won the Audience vote and prize for the best German Lieder

References

External links
 

Australian tenors
English tenors
Saint Petersburg Conservatory alumni
Operatic tenors
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Julián Manuele (born 30 October 1966 in La Plata) is a former Argentine rugby union player. He played as a fly-half.

Career
He played for all his career for La Plata Rugby Club
, where he also played alongside players such as Guillermo Angaut and German Llanes. He was called up for the Argentina national rugby union team prior to the 1987 Rugby World Cup, however, he did not play any match in the tournament due to an injury, with the first choice fly-half being Hugo Porta.
 He was also part of the 1995 La Plata squad which won the Nacional de Clubes in that year.

Notes

1966 births
Living people
Sportspeople from La Plata
Rugby union players from Buenos Aires Province
Argentine rugby union players
Rugby union fly-halves
Otto Schlicht was a German-American manufacturer of concertinas in Chicago.

Biography
Schlicht arrived in the United States from Germany around 1900, having worked on German-type concertinas there. He applied his knowledge to the production of concertinas, and began producing models under the brand-names Patek, Pearl Queen, and Peerless for music shop in Illinois.

He transitioned to owning his own concertina workshop, where he produced his brands until 1950. Shortly after he ceased working, in 1952 concertina maker Christy Hengel purchased Schilicht's concertina-making equipment, which had been stored in a basement since the workshop closed, for $1500, moving it to his own shop in Minnesota.

References

Concertina makers
American people of German descent
American musical instrument makers
Margaret Stratton (born 1953) is an American photographer and video artist.  Her work in photography has been exhibited at the Smithsonian Institution, Her videos are represented by the Video Data Bank, and have been screened nationally and internationally, as noted in the Harvard Crimson, Wild Women Storm the Film Archive, The Berlin Film Festival. Awards include the Director's Award: Black Maria Film Festival, Los Angeles, CA.

She is a professor at the University of Iowa.

Stratton is a graduate of the Evergreen State College (BA, 1977), the University of New Mexico (MA, 1983 and MFA, 1985).

References

Living people
1953 births
Evergreen State College alumni
University of New Mexico alumni
American women video artists
American video artists
University of Iowa faculty
21st-century American women photographers
21st-century American photographers
American women academics