Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
This article summarizes equations used in optics, including geometric optics, physical optics, radiometry, diffraction, and interferometry.

Definitions

Geometric optics (luminal rays)

General fundamental quantities

Physical optics (EM luminal waves)

There are different forms of the Poynting vector, the most common are in terms of the E and B or E and H fields.

Radiometry

For spectral quantities two definitions are in use to refer to the same quantity, in terms of frequency or wavelength.

Equations

Luminal electromagnetic waves

Geometric optics

Subscripts 1 and 2 refer to initial and final optical media respectively.

These ratios are sometimes also used, following simply from other definitions of refractive index, wave phase velocity, and the luminal speed equation:

where:
ε = permittivity of medium,
μ = permeability of medium,
λ = wavelength of light in medium,
v = speed of light in media.

Polarization

Diffraction and interference

Astrophysics definitions

In astrophysics, L is used for luminosity (energy per unit time, equivalent to power) and F is used for energy flux (energy per unit time per unit area, equivalent to intensity in terms of area, not solid angle). They are not new quantities, simply different names.

See also

Defining equation (physics)
Defining equation (physical chemistry)
List of electromagnetism equations
List of equations in classical mechanics
List of equations in gravitation
List of equations in nuclear and particle physics
List of equations in quantum mechanics
List of equations in wave theory
List of relativistic equations

Sources

Further reading
 
 
 
 

Optics equations
Optics
Equations
The Pike Transit Initiative is a collaborative project in Northern Virginia between Arlington and Fairfax counties and the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority to bring transit improvements to the Columbia Pike corridor. Officially known as the Columbia Pike Transit Alternatives Analysis, the project began in 2003. Following three successive defeats of county board candidates who supported the streetcar proposal in 2014, the project was shelved indefinitely.

Pike Ride 

Pike Ride, a specially-branded set of bus lines, run along Columbia Pike to the Pentagon and Pentagon City Metro stations. Currently, 17,000 people ride buses along Columbia Pike each day. Service is provided by Metrobus and Arlington Transit.

Streetcar 
In 2006, the Arlington and Fairfax County governments approved a "Modified Streetcar Alternative" for the corridor, which involves building a streetcar line while retaining extensive bus service. The 4.7-mile streetcar line is expected to cost $138.5 million. The first streetcar was expected to begin service in 2011.

The Northern Virginia Transportation Authority approved $36.9 million for the streetcar in January 2008. However, since then, the Virginia Supreme Court ruled that the Authority may not collect taxes, as it isn't an elected body. This leaves funding for the streetcar project in limbo.

According to Arlington Now, freshman County Board member Libby Garvey was the sole board member elected at the last election to oppose construction of a streetcar. Garvey quoted mayor of Toronto Rob Ford's criticisms of streetcars, only to realize his credibility had been eroded due to a series of scandals.

Garvey stirred further controversy in 2014 when she supported and raised funds for John Vihstadt, an Independent, instead of fellow Democrat Alan Howse, because he agreed with her opposition to the streetcar line. Vihstadt upended Arlington politics in 2014 by becoming the first non-Democrat to land a seat on the county board in 15 years, winning on the strength of his objections to high-cost projects such as the Columbia Pike streetcar, the Long Bridge aquatics center and a million-dollar bus stop.  Garvey defended her defection by asserting her most important obligation was to voters, not to the Democratic Party machinery, and resigned from the local Party apparatus.

In late November 2014 the County Board cancelled the streetcar plan. Eric Jaffe, writing in CityLab, characterized the cancellation as "abrupt" and acrimonious. According to Jaffe, the alternate plan under consideration would follow the same route as the streetcar plan, would stop at the same locations, and would use similar stations, all door boarding, and fare pre-payment, like the streetcar plan, except it would use buses rather than streetcars.

References

External links 
 Pike Ride
 Pike Transit Initiative

Transportation in Arlington County, Virginia
Transportation in Fairfax County, Virginia
Proposed public transportation in Virginia
Richard Wellesley (22 April 1787 – 1 March 1831) was an Anglo-Irish Member of Parliament.

He was the illegitimate son of Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley and his mistress (later wife) Hyacinthe-Gabrielle Roland and educated at Eton College (1800), Christ Church, Oxford (1805), and Lincoln's Inn (1808).

He represented Queenborough in Parliament from 1810 to 1812, East Grinstead from January to March 1812, and Ennis from 1820 to 1826. He was appointed one of the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury from January to June 1812 and Commissioner of Stamp Duties from 1812 to his death.

He married in 1821, Jane Eliza, the daughter of George Chambers of Hartford, Huntingdonshire. They had 4 sons and a daughter.

His papers are held at the University of Southampton.

Ancestors

References
http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1790-1820/member/wellesley-richard-1787-1831
http://www.southampton.ac.uk/archives/cataloguedatabases/webguidemss63.html

External links 
 

Richard
1787 births
1831 deaths
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
Members of Lincoln's Inn
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Clare constituencies (1801–1922)
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
UK MPs 1807–1812
UK MPs 1820–1826
English people of French descent
Lake Flevo was a lake in what is now the Netherlands, which existed in Roman times and the early Middle Ages. Some geographers believe that it was not a single lake, but rather a set of interconnected lakes.

From the Indo-European root *plew- "flow", 
the name was transmitted by the Roman geographer Pomponius Mela in describing this region. In his treatise on geography of 44 AD, Pomponius speaks of a Flevo Lacus. He writes: "The northern branch of the Rhine widens as Lake Flevo, and encloses an island of the same name, and then as a normal river flows to the sea". Other sources rather speak of Flevum, which could be related to today's Vlie (Vliestroom), i.e. the seaway between the Dutch islands of Vlieland and Terschelling. This last name is grammatically more probable for a geographical indication, which is why it is assumed that Pomponius confused the declension of the word giving the name Flevo. In fact the Vlie formed outfall from the lake into the North Sea.

Some texts of the middle-ages refer to this lake by the name of Almere. December 14, 1287, in what was called St. Lucia's flood during a memorable storm in Friesland and Holland, the North Sea invaded the freshwater lake, breaking and destroying several dams dunes and transformed it into a bay which was then called the Zuiderzee, meaning Southern Sea.

In the second half of the twentieth century the Flevopolders and a new province, Flevoland, took the name of the body of water which lay there long ago.

See also
Almere (lake)
Zuiderzee
IJsselmeer

References

Flevo
Flevo
Landforms of Flevoland
History of Flevoland
Molly Evan Price is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Faith Yokas in the NBC drama series Third Watch (1999–2005). Price has also appeared in recurring and guest-starring roles in many other television dramas and co-starred in a number of films, including Sweet and Lowdown (1999), Chasing Sleep (2000), and Not Fade Away (2012).

Early life and education
Price was born in North Plainfield, New Jersey and graduated from North Plainfield High School in 1984. She is a graduate of Rutgers University.

Personal life
Price is married to New York City Fire Department firefighter Derek Kelly.

Career
Price made her television debut appearing in a 1991 episode of the NBC drama Law & Order. She later had three more guest roles in Law & Order, playing different characters. 

From 1995 to 1996, she was a regular cast member in the short-lived CBS sitcom Bless This House, starring Andrew Dice Clay and Cathy Moriarty. In film, she had supporting roles in Jersey Girl (1992) starring Jami Gertz and Dylan McDermott , Kiss Me, Guido (1997), Pushing Tin (1999), Woody Allen"s  Sweet and Lowdown (1999), Random Hearts (1999), and Chasing Sleep (2000) opposite Jeff Daniels.

In 1999, Price was cast as Police Officer (and later, Detective) Faith Yokas in the NBC crime drama series Third Watch, which she starred in from 1999 to 2005. Her husband was a recurring guest star on Third Watch as an FDNY firefighter, and she described her experiences as a firefighter's wife during the show's special 9/11 episode, entitled "In Their Own Words." She also appeared in two episodes of Sex and the City as Carrie Bradshaw's friend Susan Sharon, in 1999 and 2002, and reprised the role in an episode of the reboot And Just Like That..., in 2021. After Third Watch, Price starred in NBC's short-lived 2007 reboot of the 1970s series Bionic Woman, playing Ruth Treadwell.

Price has appeared in a number of television dramas playing guest starring roles, including Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip, Without a Trace as agent Samantha Spade's sister, ER, The Mentalist, Private Practice, Nip/Tuck, Body of Proof, Person of Interest, Shameless, Elementary, The Good Wife, and Law & Order: Special Victims Unit. From 2014 to 2015, Price had a recurring role in the Cinemax drama series The Knick, as Effie Barrow. In 2015, she co-starred in the short-lived Showtime comedy-drama Happyish. In film, Price played Uma Thurman's mother in The Life Before Her Eyes (2007) as well as co-starred in What Goes Up (2009), How Do You Know (2010), The Good Doctor (2011), and Not Fade Away (2012). In 2017, she appeared in the FX drama Feud as Robert Aldrich’s wife Harriet Foster. In 2017, she played the criminal defense attorney of Eric O'Bannon (Jamie McShane) in season 3 of the Netflix Original drama series, Bloodline.

References

External links
 
 Movie Tome list of her films

Actresses from New Jersey
American film actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
Living people
North Plainfield High School alumni
People from North Plainfield, New Jersey
Rutgers University alumni
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Year of birth missing (living people)
Lake Lelia is a natural fresh water lake on the south side of Avon Park, Florida. The northeast section of the lake is within the Avon Park city limits. The lake is longest east to west, being approximately  long. Its north-to-south width averages at  wide. The Florida Atlas of Lakes lists Lake Lelia as having a surface area of . This lake is bounded by South Florida Community College at its south shore. A few houses dot its shore, but is it mostly bounded by woods and citrus trees. On the northeast two sets of railroad tracks are just off its shore.

On its south side a pier built from the college Citrus Center extends into the lake. Visitors may walk along part of its length, but are not allowed to fish from it. A public boat ramp is just off Martin Road on the lake's west side. The lake may be fished, but no swimming is allowed.

References

Lakes of Highlands County, Florida
Lakes of Florida
Leni is a comune (municipality) and one of the main towns on Salina, one of the Aeolian Islands, in the Metropolitan City of Messina, Sicily, southern Italy. It is located about  northeast of Palermo and about  northwest of Messina.

Leni lies on the slope of the hill on the south of the island,  above the sea, between the volcanoes of Monte Fossa and Monte dei Porri.

Leni borders the following municipalities: Malfa, Santa Marina Salina.

People
 Nino Randazzo (born 1932)

References

External links
 Official website

Cities and towns in Sicily
Towns and villages in the Aeolian Islands
Kings & Dixon was an architectural firm based in Mitchell, South Dakota.  A number of its works are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

It was a partnership formed in 1920 of Floyd F. Kings (1893-1939) and Walter J. Dixon (1894 - 1975).  The firm was "one of the state's prominent architectural firms" and it "designed numerous government buildings, businesses, and residences." The firm designed Art Deco/Moderne style courthouses in the 1930s for Aurora, Davison, McCook, and Miner counties.

Kings grew up in Mitchell, attended Dakota Wesleyan College, and graduated from the School of Architecture and Engineering at the University of Michigan in 1917.  He left for Florida in 1925 but returned after the stock market crash in 1929.

Dixon was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio, and studied at the University of Michigan, graduating in 1918.  He served as mayor of Mitchell from 1940 to 1946.

They employed Georgian Revival in design of the Trierweiler House.

Works (by the firm or either architect individually) include:
Dr. John Trierweiler House (1927), 301 Spruce St., Yankton, South Dakota, (Kings & Dixon), NRHP-listed 
Whittier School (1935), 410 W. Second Ave., Mitchell, SD, (Kings & Dixon), NRHP-listed
Aurora County Courthouse (1939–40), Main St. between Fourth and Fifth Sts., Plankinton, SD, (Kings & Dixon), NRHP-listed
Koch Apartments, 209 W. Second Ave., Mitchell, SD, (Kings & Dixon), NRHP-listed
McCook County Courthouse, Essex Ave. between Nebraska and Main, Salem, SD, (Kings & Dixon), NRHP-listed
First Presbyterian Church, Bridgewater, SD, (Walter J. Dixon), NRHP-listed
One or more works in Mitchell Historic Commercial District, Mitchell, SD (Walter J. Dixon), NRHP-listed
One or more works in Mitchell West Central Residential Historic District, Mitchell, SD (Walter J. Dixon; Floyd F. Kings), NRHP-listed, including:
Wilson Apartments (c.1929), 404 N. Duff St., Mitchell (believed to have been designed by Walter J. Dixon and Floyd F. Kings)

References

1920 establishments in South Dakota
Architecture firms based in South Dakota
Catherine MacLeod (4 September 1914 – 7 May 2000), also known as Kitty MacLeod, and in Gaelic as Kitty NicLeòid, was a Scottish Gaelic singer and school teacher.

Biography 
MacLeod was born to Scottish parents in Kasuali, India, 4 September 1914. Her mother, Anna MacLeod, was a school teacher, and her father, Kenneth MacLeod was a British soldier serving with the Seaforth Highlanders during the First World War. After Catherine MacLeod was born, her father went "missing in action" and Anna MacLeod moved with her daughter back to the Isle Of Lewis in Scotland, where the young Catherine began her education at the Lionel School. Kenneth MacLeod reappeared two years afterwards, and recovered his faculties when he was brought back to Scotland and reunited with his daughter. Catherine MacLeod learnt Gaelic from her mother, but also from participating in local ceilidh gatherings in which people shared regional folklore. Her community at that time was largely monolingual.

She then attended the University of Edinburgh via a scholarship. At University she won gold medals for Celtic and Moral philosophy, as well as the Elizabeth Hamilton Prize for the best woman student in philosophy. While studying, she participated at the singing competition of the Royal National Mòd of 1936 in Inverness and won the gold medal.

MacLeod was a school teacher both in Scotland and England until she retired in 1974. During that time she also pursued a singing career, with early recordings with Parlophone. She avoided the commercial industry, but continued to sing in concerts, such as the People's Festival Ceilidhs, which emerged from the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. She was known for her recordings of An Aitearachd Àrd ("The high swelling of the sea") and Òran Chaluim Sgàire, which she also composed. She also appeared in The Western Isles, the first Scottish color documentary, and with her sister in the film Rob Roy, the Highland Rogue.

MacLeod was married to Murdoch Dubh MacLennan and then to Ernest Renaud Lewtas Gregson.

References 

1914 births
2000 deaths
Scottish Gaelic singers
People from the Isle of Lewis
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
20th-century Scottish women singers
George Perkins (September 25, 1942, Denham Springs, Louisiana – April 17, 2013, Hammond, Louisiana) was an American soul singer, best known for his 1970 hit "Crying In The Streets" which was based on observation of the funeral of Martin Luther King Jr. The song was covered by Buckwheat Zydeco with Ry Cooder on slide guitar. After dropping out of view 1974-1979 he made a comeback in 1980. He died at the age of 70.

Discography
 "Crying in the Streets"  Ebb Tide  1970
 "A Man In Love" / "When You Try To Use A Good Man" 1972	 
 "Baby You Saved Me" / "How Sweet It Would Be" 1972	 
 "I'm So Glad You're Mine" / "Poor Me"
 "No Need For A Black Man To Cry" / "I Wants To Be Free"

References

1942 births
2013 deaths
People from Denham Springs, Louisiana
American soul singers
20th-century American singers
"Popping Cherry" is the third episode of the first season of the American television drama series Dexter, which first aired on 15 October 2006 on Showtime in the United States. The episode was written by Daniel Cerone and was directed by Michael Cuesta.

Plot

After the discovery of another victim of the Ice Truck Killer at an ice rink, the missing guard, Tony Tucci, becomes a potential suspect. Meanwhile, Rita receives an unpleasant visit from her ex-husband's drug dealer, who confiscates her car, forcing her to take the bus to and from her job as a hotel receptionist. Dexter selects his next murder victim while having flashbacks of his first killing—a nurse (Denise Crosby) who was caring for Dexter's sick father, Harry Morgan, but was administering overdoses of medication too and slowly killing her patients. Elsewhere, Sergeant Doakes continues to harass Guerrero, as a group of renegade police officers decide to take matters involving Guerrero into their own hands.

Production

Filming locations for the episode included Miami, Florida, as well as Long Beach and Los Angeles, California.

Reception

The episode was positively received. IGN's Eric Goldman gave the episode a rating of 8 out of 10, and commented that "Dexter's voiceovers are a fun element of the show and a great insight into how his mind works".

References

External links

 
 "Popping Cherry" at Showtime's website

2006 American television episodes
Dexter (TV series) episodes
Television episodes directed by Michael Cuesta
Natural Enemy is a 1996 Canadian-American thriller film directed by Douglas Jackson and starring Donald Sutherland, William McNamara, Lesley Ann Warren, Joe Pantoliano, and Tia Carrere.

Filming
The film was shot in Montreal, Quebec from 18 November 1995 to 15 December 1995.

Plot
Ted Robards, in the past a successful stock broker, is on the verge of financial ruin. His son, Chris, has disappointed Ted a long time ago, creating only troubles for him. His wife, Sandy, is obsessed with the idea of having the second child. Ted's last hope is a promising young employee, Jeremy Harper, a stellar Harvard alumnus, who is able to sign an important deal that will save Ted and his firm from imminent bankruptcy. However, Jeremy only pretends to support the firm. His real desire is to secretly destroy Ted's business from within, while also wreaking havoc on the whole Robards family.

Trying to keep Jeremy in the firm, Ted tries to fulfill at least one of his requests—he offers Jeremy and his girlfriend to move in with him and thus solve their housing issue. Jeremy agrees, but his appearance in the house only accelerates the Robards' demise. In vain, Ted and Sandy try to understand what caused Jeremy's unexpected aggression. But flashbacks reveal Jeremy's traumatic childhood and his hidden motivation. Later, it turns out that Ted's now pregnant wife has some dark secrets that may explain Jeremy's twisted plans to destroy her family.

Cast
 Donald Sutherland as Ted Robards
 William McNamara as Jeremy Harper
Michael Caloz as Young Jeremy Harper
 Lesley Ann Warren as Sandy Robards
 Joe Pantoliano as Stuart
 Tia Carrere as Christina
 Christian Tessier as Chris Robards
 Lenore Zann as Gina
 Rosemary Dunsmore as Judy
 Vlasta Vrana as Stanley
 Claudia Besso as Claire
 Serge Houde as Sherwood
 Richard Zeman as Bob
 Terry Haig as IRS Agent
 Tedd Dillon as Father
 Misha Jackson as Baby

References

External links

1996 films
English-language Canadian films
Canadian thriller films
American thriller films
C/FP Distribution films
Films directed by Douglas Jackson
1990s English-language films
1990s American films
1990s Canadian films
Talbott is an unincorporated community in  Hamblen and Jefferson counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee. The community is located on US Route 11E between Morristown and Jefferson City.

In 2020, the planning commission of the city of Morristown had annexed a section of Talbott along U.S. Route 11E into its city limits.

Education
Talbott Elementary School is located in the Jefferson County portion. Alpha Elementary serves students in the Hamblen County portion of the community.

References

Unincorporated communities in Tennessee
Unincorporated communities in Jefferson County, Tennessee
Morristown metropolitan area, Tennessee
Blue Moon is an unincorporated community located in Floyd County, Kentucky, United States.

A post office was established in 1936 by Alex L. Meade, a local schoolteacher. The name was selected by Meade's daughter Alice, who had received a bottle of Blue Moon perfume as a Christmas present. The post office closed in 1957.

References

Unincorporated communities in Floyd County, Kentucky
Unincorporated communities in Kentucky