Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Within the field of computer graphics, unbiased rendering refers to any rendering technique that does not introduce systematic error, or bias, into the radiance approximation. The term refers to statistical bias, not the broader meaning of subjective bias. Because of this, an unbiased rendering technique can produce a reference image to compare against renders that use other techniques. In simple terms, unbiased rendering tries to mimic the real world as closely as possible without taking short cuts. Path tracing and its derivatives can be unbiased, whereas ray tracing was originally biased.

Mathematical definition 
Mathematically speaking, the expected value (E) of an unbiased estimator is the population mean, regardless of the number of observations. The error found in a render produced by an unbiased rendering technique is due to random statistical variance, which manifests as high-frequency noise. Variance is reduced by  (standard deviation by ) for  data, meaning that four times as many data are needed to halve the standard deviation of the error; this makes unbiased rendering techniques less attractive for realtime or interactive applications. This means that an image produced by an unbiased renderer that appears noiseless and smooth is probabilistically correct.

A biased rendering method is not necessarily wrong, and can still produce images close to those given by the rendering equation if the estimator is consistent. These methods, however, introduce a certain bias error (usually in the form of a blur) in efforts to reduce the variance (high-frequency noise). Often biased rendering is optimized to compute faster at the cost of accuracy.

Caustics example 
It is important to note that an unbiased technique cannot consider all possible paths (because there is an infinite number of them), and may not select the ideal paths for a given render (because to select certain paths over others introduces bias). Path tracing, an unbiased approach at its core, cannot consistently handle caustics generated from a point light source, as it is highly unlikely to randomly generate the singular path that directly reflects into the point.

Progressive photon mapping (PPM), a biased rendering technique, can actually handle caustics quite well. Although biased, PPM is provably consistent, meaning that as the number of samples goes to infinity, the bias error goes to zero (like an unbiased technique), and the probability that the estimate is correct reaches one.

List of unbiased rendering methods 

Path tracing
Bidirectional path tracing
Metropolis light transport and the related "energy redistribution path tracing" (ESPT)

List of unbiased renderers
Arion
Arnold
Cycles
Kerkythea
LuxRender
Mantra
Maxwell Render
Octane Render
Fstorm Render (external link)

See also
Global illumination (GI)
Physically based rendering (PBR)
Non-photorealistic rendering (NPR)

References

Bibliography

 
 
 

3D rendering
The Ireland Wolves cricket team (Ireland A) toured South Africa to play five unofficial Twenty20 International matches (with Twenty20 status) and two unofficial One Day International matches (with List A status) against the Namibian national team. Ireland Wolves won the T20 series 4–1. The List A series was won 2–0 by Namibia. Ireland Wolves finished their tour with a 50-over friendly match against a Northern Titans Invitation XI.

Unofficial T20I series

1st Unofficial T20I

2nd Unofficial T20I

3rd Unofficial T20I

4th Unofficial T20I

5th Unofficial T20I

Unofficial ODI series

1st Unofficial ODI

2nd Unofficial ODI

Other 50-over match

References

External links
 Series home at ESPN Cricinfo

2020 in Irish cricket
2020 in Namibian cricket
Taavetti (Taave) Ananias Junnila (27 March 1869 – 29 January 1943; surname until 1890 Yli-Maakala) was a Finnish farmer, bank director and politician, born in Mouhijärvi. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland, representing the Finnish Party from 1908 to 1913 and the National Coalition Party from 1922 to 1936.

References

1869 births
1943 deaths
People from Sastamala
Politicians from Turku and Pori Province (Grand Duchy of Finland)
Finnish Party politicians
National Coalition Party politicians
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1908–1909)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1909–1910)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1910–1911)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1911–1913)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1922–1924)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1924–1927)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1927–1929)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1929–1930)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1930–1933)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1933–1936)
Radial stress is stress toward or away from the central axis of a component.

Pressure vessels
The walls of pressure vessels generally undergo triaxial loading. For cylindrical pressure vessels, the normal loads on a wall element are longitudinal stress, circumferential (hoop) stress and radial stress.

The radial stress for a thick-walled cylinder is equal and opposite to the gauge pressure on the inside surface, and zero on the outside surface. The circumferential stress and longitudinal stresses are usually much larger for pressure vessels, and so for thin-walled instances, radial stress is usually neglected.

Formula
The radial stress for a thick walled pipe at a point  from the central axis is given by

 
where  is the inner radius,  is the outer radius,  is the inner absolute pressure and  is the outer absolute pressure.  Maximum radial stress occurs when  (at the inside surface) and is equal to gauge pressure, or .

References

Solid mechanics
Marko Vukčević (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Марко Вукчевић; born 7 June 1993) is a Montenegrin professional footballer who plays for Croatian Football League club Varaždin.

Club career

Budućnost
Vukčević started his professional career at his hometown club Budućnost Podgorica. He provided an assist to teammate Mitar Peković in the 2013 Montenegrin Cup Final against Čelik Nikšić, which Budućnost won 1–0. By the end of his first spell at Budućnost, he played a total of 52 league matches and scored 8 goals.

Olimpija Ljubljana
On 23 August 2013, Vukčević transferred to the Slovenian club Olimpija. He made his debut for Olimpija on 31 August 2013 in a match against Domžale, where his side lost 3–0. On 9 November 2013, he scored his first goal for Olimpija in a league match against Domžale. In September 2015, Olimpija sent Vukčević on a season loan to Serbian side FK Vojvodina. Over the course of the 2015-16 season at Vojvodina, he played a total of 20 games and recorded one goal and three assists by the time his loan deal to Vojvodina expired in June 2016.

Return to Budućnost
On 27 July 2017, Vukčević signed a one-year contract with Budućnost.

Inter Zaprešić
On 11 January 2018, Vukčević signed with Croatian club Inter Zaprešić.

International career
Vukčević has appeared for Montenegro's youth selections up to the under-21 level. He has been a frequently relied-on player for Montenegro U21 for the 2015 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship qualification. He made his senior debut for Montenegro in a June 2015 friendly match against Denmark and has, as of 19 October 2020, earned a total of 3 caps, scoring no goals.

International stats

International goals
Scores and results list Montenegro's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Vukčević goal.

Honours
Budućnost Podgorica
 Prva CFL: 2011–12
 Montenegrin Cup: 2012–13

Olimpija Ljubljana
 Slovenian Cup runner-up: 2016–17

References

External links

PrvaLiga profile 

1993 births
Living people
Footballers from Podgorica
Men's association football wingers
Montenegrin men's footballers
Montenegro men's youth international footballers
Montenegro men's under-21 international footballers
Montenegro men's international footballers
FK Budućnost Podgorica players
NK Olimpija Ljubljana (2005) players
FK Vojvodina players
NK Inter Zaprešić players
Paykan F.C. players
OFK Grbalj players
FK Podgorica players
FC UTA Arad players
Montenegrin First League players
Slovenian PrvaLiga players
Serbian SuperLiga players
Croatian Football League players
Persian Gulf Pro League players
Liga I players
Montenegrin expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Slovenia
Montenegrin expatriate sportspeople in Slovenia
Expatriate men's footballers in Serbia
Montenegrin expatriate sportspeople in Serbia
Expatriate men's footballers in Croatia
Montenegrin expatriate sportspeople in Croatia
Expatriate men's footballers in Iran
Montenegrin expatriate sportspeople in Iran
Expatriate men's footballers in Romania
Montenegrin expatriate sportspeople in Romania
Noordlaren is a village in the municipality of Groningen in the Dutch province of Groningen. It had a population of around 545 in 2021.

In 2010 it was said to be 850 years old. In the past Noordlaren was a farming village. Nowadays there are still a few farmers in Noordlaren, but there are also many people from outside the village, that came to live in Noordlaren, because of the beautiful nature and rest.

Notable locations in the village include the wind mill which still operates to produce flour, the eight centuries old church, the gastro-pub at the centre of the village, and the home at Kerkstraat 17.

History 
The village was first mentioned in 1254 as Northlare, and means "northern pasture". North has been added to distinguish between Midlaren and Zuidlaren. Noordlaren is an esdorp which developed on the eastern flank of the Hondsrug and has been known to exist since at least 1160.

There is a hunebed (dolmen) near the village dating from around 2,500 BC. Two capstones remain, however most of the stones have been removed before 1769. The choir of the Dutch Reformed church probably dates from the end of the 12th century. The church was enlarged in the 15th century and the tower was heightened. It was restored in 1976. The grist mill Korenschoof was built in 1849. In 1940, it was bought by the municipality of Haren and restored between 1972 and 1973. It is still occasionally in service, and is used as an exam for millers.

Noordlaren was home to 378 people in 1840. In 2018, remnants of the medieval castle were discovered near Noordlaren which were built around 1400 by the Bishop of Utrecht. In 2019, it became part of the municipality of Groningen.

Speedskating village
Noordlaren is known in the Netherlands because of the ice rink behind the primary school. Every year, the little village tries to organise the annual national skating marathon with the goal of being the first place in the country to hold a skating marathon on natural ice that year.

Gallery

Notes

References

External links 
 

Groningen (city)
Populated places in Groningen (province)
WUS may refer to: 
 Wuyishan Airport (IATA code WUS)
World University Service, international organisation
Yuma High School (often referred to simply as Yuma High) is the oldest high school in Yuma, Arizona.

History
The school was established in 1909. Yuma High's mascot came when the original school building was destroyed by fire in 1910. The school then used the Yuma Territorial Prison, which had been closed, for the next three years. Classes were held in the cell blocks, and assemblies took place in the prison hospital.

In 1912, the city of Yuma notified the school that the prison was needed as a city jail. In 1914, the school board began construction of a new school at 400 South 6th Avenue (where the current campus is today). That same year, the Yuma football team was dubbed "the Criminals" by fans of Phoenix Union High School, whose football team had just been defeated in the championship game. At first, this was a fighting word to the school community, but by 1917, it had stuck, and the name was officially adopted by the school board. Yuma Union thus became the only high school in the US to use the mascot; it is also the only high school in the United States whose mascot is copyrighted. References are sprinkled throughout; the mascot wears a blue-and-white prison uniform, the gate to the school's sports fields includes bars from the old prison, and the school's "Cell Block" shop sells themed apparel.

In 1958, the then-main gymnasium burned down.

More recent buildings on campus include the research building, union building, technology building, and the Snider Auditorium.

Graduating classes would contain at least 700 students.

Notable alumni
 Curley Culp, Pro Football Hall of Fame defensive tackle
 Ron Jessie, former NFL wide receiver
 William B. Black, Jr., former deputy Director of the National Security Agency.

References

External links 
 
 Yuma Union High School District Website

Public high schools in Arizona
Buildings and structures in Yuma, Arizona
Schools in Yuma County, Arizona
Educational institutions established in 1909
1909 establishments in Arizona Territory
The Freedom Trophy is a cricket trophy that is awarded to the winner of Test series, known as The Freedom Series,  between India and South Africa. First awarded in 2015, the trophy is dedicated to Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela.

Background Test Series
Prior to the trophy's inception, India and South Africa had played eleven series, six in South Africa and five in India. The overall record was six South African victories, two Indian victories, and three drawn series.

In 2015 BCCI and CSA announced that all future bilateral tours of India and South Africa to be named as Mahatma Gandhi-Nelson Mandela Bilateral series. The series is played in Test cricket format. The series is named after leaders of both countries to pay tribute to them for playing a major role in winning independence by nonviolence. This has also helped in gaining an "iconic and traditional status" to the series.

List of The Freedom Series

Summary of results

Match venues

See also
Anthony de Mello Trophy
Pataudi Trophy
Border-Gavaskar Trophy
Basil D'Oliveira Trophy

References

External links

Test cricket competitions
India in international cricket
South Africa in international cricket
Cricket awards and rankings
Memorials to Mahatma Gandhi
Nelson Mandela
Grace-Dieu () is a placename situated in Leicestershire, England. Its toponymy, meaning "Grace (of) God" in French, is from nearby Grace Dieu Priory, which was established in the 13th century but was left in disrepair after the Dissolution of the Monasteries by King Henry VIII. The priory ruins are visible from the main road to Loughborough.

Grace Dieu Manor, located in close proximity to Thringstone, was initially a private residence and later served as a preparatory school, known as Grace Dieu Manor School. At present, the population is recorded in the civil parish of Belton.

Gracedieu Vineyard is situated in Charnwood Forest, facing south. It was established in 1991 and has gained a reputation for producing high-quality wine, particularly its "Green Man" wine, which is made from the Madeleine Angevine grape and is noted for its fragrant floral aroma.

References

Hamlets in Leicestershire
North West Leicestershire District
Ballyroe ( is a townland in eastern Knock parish, County Mayo.

Census

Geography
Ballyroe borders Lispatrick to the North. Killoveeny to the South. Caldragh to the north West. It connects with Cloonturnaun slightly to the west on Lough Turnaun. The R323 Regional Road runs through the townland. Eastpoint, which is at the east of the county, is the most easterly point in Knock parish.

Most of Ballyroe is mainly pastureland and quite hilly. There is a lake in the area which has a number of small streams that flow through the area.

Townland marker
Many townlands in Ireland have a marker noting the townland's name. Ballyroe's townland marker is located on the R323 regional road just outside Knock.

See also
 Knock
 Townlands
 County Mayo

References

Townlands of County Mayo
Piotr Świderski (born 11 May 1983 in Rawicz, Poland)  is a former motorcycle speedway rider from Poland.

Career history 
Świderski rode for the Peterborough Panthers in 2006 and 2007 before being loaned out to Ipswich for 2008. After being dropped by Ipswich he went on to ride for Lakeside Hammers in the British Elite League. In 2015, he signed for Leicester Lions to replace the retired Lewis Bridger, which turned out to be his final season in British speedway.

In his native Poland, he rode for 15 seasons from 2002 until 2016.

References 

1983 births
Living people
Polish speedway riders
Ipswich Witches riders
Peterborough Panthers riders
People from Rawicz
Sportspeople from Greater Poland Voivodeship
The Golf Club is a golf sports video game developed and published by HB Studios for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, and first released in 2014. 

It is the first installment of the PGA Tour 2K series, published by 2K. A sequel was released in 2017.

Development
The game was developed and published by HB Studios, a studio whose primary work in the past has been contract work for annual sports releases. In particular the company had often worked with Electronic Arts and were expecting to get the contract to develop the 2015 edition of PGA Tour. However after Electronic Arts cancelled the series HB Studios decided instead to make their own golf game.

Prior to the game's release HB Studios partnered with the company Greg Norman Golf Course Design allowing them to use the game's course editor feature to present renders of courses to potential clients. The clients would then give HB Studios feedback on the game in return.

Reception

The Golf Club received "mixed or average" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic.

References

External links
 

2014 video games
Golf video games
PlayStation 4 games
Video games developed in Canada
Windows games
Xbox One games
Maximum Games games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
HB Studios games
Ravenscourt games
Caytonanthus is an extinct genus of seed ferns.

Description 
Caytonanthus is the polliniferous organ-genus of the Caytoniales, and it is often found along Sagenopteris and Caytonia.
Caytonanthus remains have been found in Greenland, UK, Hungary Russia, Poland, India, Antarctica and Argentina. 
Caytonanthus has simple or multiple orders of branches arrayed along axes, each terminal branch bears one or many synangia, each composed by four, partially fused, pollen sacs.

References

Pteridospermatophyta
Triassic plants
Jurassic plants
Cretaceous plants
Prehistoric plant genera
Triassic first appearances
Cretaceous extinctions
Education District is a district in Downtown Bakersfield, California. Its predominant businesses are satellite campuses for both public and private colleges and universities. Unlike several other districts in downtown, the Education District did not come about because of formal planning but because like businesses decided to locate themselves together.

History
In the 1970s, Bakersfield College established a satellite campus in a former department store. Although not known as the Education District at the time, it was the first college to establish a presence downtown. In 1997, the Bakersfield City School District established the Downtown Elementary School nearby. When University Square, which served as a satellite campus for UC Merced and Santa Barbara Business College, was constructed in 2001, the education district had been formally established.

Educational institutions
The following educational institutions are located in the district:
 Bakersfield College (satellite campus)
 Downtown Elementary School
 Santa Barbara Business College
 University of La Verne
 University of California, Merced (satellite campus)

References

Neighborhoods in Bakersfield, California
The Remixes is an EP by British indie rock  band White Lies, released on 17 April 2010 by Fiction Records. The EP was released as part of the 2010 Record Store Day, and limited to 500 copies.

The material, all previously unavailable, consists of remixes of songs taken from the band's debut studio album, To Lose My Life... The final track, "Unfinished Business", was remixed by Jorge Elbrect, lead vocalist and guitarist of Violens, a New York psychedelic rock band who supported White Lies on many of their To Lose My Life... tour dates in the U.K.

The artwork for The Remixes is identical to that of To Lose My Life..., except for the colour, which is inverted.

Track listing

References

White Lies (band) albums
2010 EPs
Remix EPs
2010 remix albums
Record Store Day releases
USS Waters may refer to the following ships operated by the United States Navy:

 , was a Wickes-class destroyer launched in 1918 and sold for scrap in 1946.
 , an oceanographic survey ship launched in 1992; converted to support submarine navigation system testing in 1998; and is currently in service.

United States Navy ship names
Zavrh pri Galiciji () is a settlement in the Municipality of Žalec in east-central Slovenia. It lies in the Hudinja Hills () northeast of Žalec. The area is included in the Savinja Statistical Region and is part of the traditional region of Styria.

Name
The name of the settlement was changed from Zavrh to Zavrh pri Galiciji in 1953.

References

External links
Zavrh pri Galiciji at Geopedia

Populated places in the Municipality of Žalec
An angler's loop, otherwise known as a perfection loop, is a type of knot which forms a fixed loop. Useful for fine or slippery line, it is one of the few loop knots which holds well in bungee cord. It is quite secure, but it jams badly and is not suitable if the knot will need to be untied.

Tying
Angler's loop may be tied 
 alone and then used, 
 it may be tied in the bight or at the working end
 it may be tied one handed
 it may be fashioned with several loops
 it may be locked for additional stability
 it may be tied at high speed in an emergency
 it may be tied through an object (typically a ring).
 

Angler's loop may be tied around the hand, it may also be tied this way one handed, or with several loops if need be:

 Angler's loop may be locked additionally with half hitches

 Angler's loop may be fashioned with several loops (then locking may be necessary)

Structure 
Overhand knot on standing part and half-hitch by the working end.

See also
 List of knots

References

 Blandford, Percy W. (2012) Practical Knots and Ropework page 92, Courier Corporation. 

 Bloomsbury Publishing (2013) The Knot Bible: The Complete Guide to Knots and Their Uses page 143. A & C Black. 

 Budworth, Geoffrey (2012) The Knot Book Hachette UK. 

 Finazzo, Scott (2016) Prepper's Guide to Knots: The 100 Most Useful Tying Techniques for Surviving any Disaster page 117, Ulysses Press. 

 Popular Mechanics (2008) How to Tempt a Fish: A Complete Guide to Fishing page 78, Sterling Publishing Company. 

 Toss, Brion and Gae Pilon (2009) Chapman Knots for Boaters pages 68–68, Sterling Publishing Company. 

 Whippy, Jim (2013) Reeds Knot Handbook: A Pocket Guide to Knots, Hitches and Bends pages 82–83, A & C Black.

External links
Perfection (Angler's) Loop Knot. animatedknots.com.

Fishing knots