Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Population fragmentation is a form of population segregation. It is often caused by habitat fragmentation.

Causes of Fragmentation
Fragmentation can be the cause of natural forces or human actions, although in modern times, human activity is the most common cause. Some general causes of fragmentation are:

 the development of land around a protected area, even through the addition of a single road lane or fence line,
 the captivity, capture or killing of species in an area that links populations,
 the movement of a population away from other individuals of that species, such as the natural introduction of wolves and moose on Isle Royale,
 geologic processes, such as landslides or volcanoes, dividing a habitat
 rising sea levels separating islands from what was once a common landmass,
 global warming, especially when coupled with mountains, reducing movement from one habitat to another.

Genetic effects
Population fragmentation causes inbreeding depression, which leads to a decrease in genetic variability in the species involved. This decreases the fitness of the population for several reasons. First, inbreeding forces competition with relatives, which decreases the evolutionary fitness of the species. Secondly, the decrease in genetic variability causes an increased possibility a lethal homozygous recessive trait may be expressed; this decreases the average litter size reproduced, indirectly decreasing the population. When a population is small, the influence of genetic drift increases, which leads to less and/or random fixation of alleles. In turn, this leads to increased homozygosity, negatively affecting individual fitness. The performance of plants may be compromised by less effective selection which causes an accumulation of deleterious mutations in small populations. Since individuals in small populations are more likely to be related, they are more likely to inbreed. A reduction in fitness may occur in small plant populations because of mutation accumulation, reduced genetic diversity, and increased inbreeding. Over time, the evolutionary potential and a species's ability to adapt to a changing environment, such as climate change, is decreased.

See also
 Metapopulation
 Wildlife corridor

References

 Fragmentation
Habitat
Environmental conservation
The Breve chronicon Lauretanum ("Short Chronicle of Loreto") is a brief anonymous medieval Latin chronicle from the Kingdom of Sicily. It contains short notices on events of the years 1187, 1188, 1190, 1195 and 1220, but is most useful for the continuous narrative it provides for the period 1249–1271. It focuses mainly on events in and connected with the county of Loreto Aprutino. The entire chronicle is short enough to have been first published in a single footnote, but it provides information not found elsewhere about the counts of Loreto and the prince of the Abruzzi, Conrad of Antioch.

It is known from two manuscripts: one from the fifteenth century in the Biblioteca Nazionale di Napoli, segn. IX, C.24, fol. 52v–53r, and another, with slight variations, from the seventeenth century and once in the private possession of Gennaro Aspreno Galante. In the Napoli manuscript it bears the title Chronicon Lauretanum MCLXXXVII–MCCLXXI, on which the modern editors' title is based. In the seventeenth-century manuscript, it is called, rather grandiosely, the Chronica regni Siciliae ("Chronicle of the Kingdom of Sicily").

Excerpts
Anno MCCXXXXIX captus est comes Bernardus Laureti comes de mandato Domini Imperatoris, et falsa occasione sumpta ab eodem Frederico morte crudelissima, ut dicitur, condempnatus est.

In the year 1249, Count Berard [II], the count of Loreto, was arrested by order of the Lord Emperor [Frederick] and, a false charge taken up, Frederick condemned him, it is said, to a most cruel death.

Anno domini MCCLXVII mense Ianuarii predicti domini Conradus et Iohannes de Malerio, fracto carcere, evaserunt latenter extra Regnum fugientes et eodem anno Conradinus applicuit cum exercitu suo apud Veronam, denique anno sequenti.

In the year of our Lord 1267, in the month of January, the aforesaid lords Conrad and John of Mareri, breaking out of prison, went into hiding, fleeing out of the kingdom, and that same year Conradin pitched his army in Verona, and in the following year.

Notes

Italian chronicles
David Martin Smith (born 21 January 1962) is a former English cricketer.  Smith was a left-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He is now a teacher at Hitchin Boys' School. He was born at Keresley, Warwickshire.

Smith made his first-class debut for Warwickshire against Hampshire in the 1981 County Championship.  From 1981 to 1983, he represented Warwickshire in 3 further first-class matches, with his final first-class appearance coming against Oxford University.  In his 4 first-class matches, he scored 148 runs at a batting average of 49.33, with a single century high score of 100* against Oxford University, batting from number 9 in his final first-class match.  With the ball, he took 2 wickets at an expensive bowling average of 100.50, with best figures of 1/44.

In 1989, Smith joined Hertfordshire, where he made his debut for the county in the 1989 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Buckinghamshire.  His debut for the county in the Minor Counties Championship came in the same season against Cumberland.  From 1989 to 1994, he represented the county in 11 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches and from 1989 to 1992, he represented the county in 21 Minor Counties Championship matches.

Smith also represented Hertfordshire in List-A cricket, where he made his debut in List-A cricket against Nottinghamshire in the 1989 NatWest Trophy.  Smith played two further List-A matches for the county, both against Warwickshire in the 1990 and 1991 NatWest Trophy.  In his three matches he scored 79 runs at an average of 26.33, with a high score of 39.  With the ball, he took a single wicket at an average of 53.00, with best figures of 1/26.

References

External links
David Smith at Cricinfo
David Smith at CricketArchive

1962 births
Living people
Cricketers from Coventry
Cricketers from Warwickshire
English cricketers
Warwickshire cricketers
Hertfordshire cricketers
Kersey is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Fox Township, Elk County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census the population was 797.

History

The first permanent settlers of the county arrived in 1810 and founded Centreville at the headwaters of Little Toby Creek. Later that year, William Kersey built a gristmill and/or sawmill there, and the settlement was renamed "Kersey", though early sources sometimes refer to it as "Kersey's". At the time, the area was part of Clearfield County, as Elk County had not yet been formed. Early industries in the community were lumber and coal.

Geography
Kersey is located in northern Fox Township, in south-central Elk County. Pennsylvania Route 948 passes through the community, leading east  to PA 255 and west  to U.S. Route 219, which leads  north to Ridgway, the county seat.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Kersey CDP has a total area of , of which , or 0.15%, is water. The CDP includes the community of Dagus, to the west of Kersey proper. The community of Dagus Mines borders the CDP to the south. Kersey sits at an elevation of  above sea level,  northwest of the Eastern Continental Divide.

Demographics

References

Census-designated places in Pennsylvania
Census-designated places in Elk County, Pennsylvania
The slew of a spacecraft is its orientation in reference to a plane or fixed position such as Earth, the Sun, another celestial body or other point in space. When moving to assume such an orientation, the spacecraft is slewing.

During spaceflight, a craft's attitude must be controlled for reasons depending on the craft's mission. Keeping a  spacecraft slewed properly is vital for ensuring that its antenna remains oriented toward Earth for sending and receiving data and commands. Additionally with many craft, keeping their solar arrays angled toward the Sun optimizes their power absorption and reduces the craft's reliance on internal power systems. Thermal heating and cooling of a craft and its subsystems can also be controlled by the craft's orientation. Cameras or other sensing equipment that are fixed into position upon the craft need to be aimed by slewing the craft.  A spacecraft can either be spin stabilized or 3-axis stabilized to maintain proper orientation.

For spin-stabilized spacecraft, slewing is accomplished by applying a (significant) torque to the spacecraft, in general by operating a thruster in synchronous or asynchronous direction to its spin to adjust its spin rate.  This results in a precession and slews for this kind of spacecraft are therefore also called "precession manoeuvre."

The slew of 3-axis stabilized spacecraft is typically in closed loop control with thrusters or electrically-powered reaction wheels maintaining or altering the craft's attitude based on sensor measurements.  A typical example is a space telescope that should be turned to observe a new celestial object. But also for 3-axis stabilized spacecraft for which the normal attitude is not inertially fixed the spacecraft is said to make a slew if the attitude is changed in another way and with another, mostly higher, rate than when in the basic attitude control mode. An example is the Magellan probe that once per orbit interrupted the scanning of the Venus surface making a large turn to direct its high gain antenna to the Earth for data transmission.

See also
 Attitude control (spacecraft)
 Flight dynamics (spacecraft)
 Reaction control system

References

Spaceflight concepts
Nikoloz Izoria () (born August 31, 1985) is a boxer from Georgia.

He participated in the 2004 Summer Olympics for his native country. There he was stopped in the second round of the Flyweight (51 kg) division by Azerbaijan's eventual bronze medalist Fuad Aslanov.

Izoria won the silver medal in the same division six months earlier, at the 2004 European Amateur Boxing Championships in Pula.

At the Olympics 2008 he beat Thato Batshegi 14:4 but lost to Shahin Imranov 9:18.

External links
 Yahoo! Sports

1985 births
Living people
Male boxers from Georgia (country)
Flyweight boxers
Boxers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Boxers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic boxers for Georgia (country)
21st-century people from Georgia (country)
People from Poti
Sportspeople from Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti
Philo Township is a township in Champaign County, Illinois, USA.  As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,897 and it contained 762 housing units.

History
Philo Township changed its name from Hale Township on April 30, 1860.

Geography
Philo is Township 18 North, Range 9 East of the Third Principal Meridian.

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of , all land.

Cities and towns
 Philo

Cemeteries
The township contains these cemeteries: Calvary, Captain Davidson, Locust Grove (Section 22) and Loeffler.

Grain elevators
Philo elevator (Section 22) was built along the Wabash—Norfolk Southern railroad.

Major highways
  Illinois State Route 130

Demographics
As of the 2020 census there were 1,897 people, 714 households, and 582 families residing in the township. The population density was . There were 762 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the township was 94.31% White, 0.42% African American, 0.16% Native American, 0.69% Asian, 0.21% Pacific Islander, 0.84% from other races, and 3.37% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.11% of the population.

There were 714 households, out of which 31.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.53% were married couples living together, 7.98% had a female householder with no spouse present, and 18.49% were non-families. 14.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.90 and the average family size was 3.19.

The township's age distribution consisted of 20.6% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 27.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $96,818, and the median income for a family was $106,528. Males had a median income of $52,639 versus $53,500 for females. The per capita income for the township was $41,400. About 2.4% of families and 3.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.9% of those under age 18 and 2.9% of those age 65 or over.

References
 
 United States Census Bureau cartographic boundary files

External links
 US-Counties.com
 City-Data.com
 Illinois State Archives

Townships in Champaign County, Illinois
Townships in Illinois
1859 establishments in Illinois
Populated places established in 1859
Bjørg Eva Jensen (born 15 February 1960) is a speed skater from Norway. She had her best year in 1980, when she became junior world allround champion, finished third at the senior allround world championships, and won the 3,000 m event at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid.

After that she had very few international successes, but she won 15 Norwegian titles, including 8 allround, 4 sprint, and 3 single distance titles. In 2002, aged 42, she won silver on the 5,000 m at the Norwegian Single Distance Championships. She later participated in the 2006 Norwegian Single Distance Championships, aged 45, finishing 12th on the 1,500 m and 7th on the 3,000 m.

Jensen is also a successful bicycle racer and won the Norwegian Championships in both time trial and individual pursuit in 1979. She was awarded the 1980 Egebergs Ærespris for her achievements in speed skating and cycling and was elected Norwegian Sportsperson of the Year that same year.

National titles

Personal records
To put these personal records in perspective, the last column (WR) lists the official world records on the dates that Jensen skated her personal records.

Jensen has an Adelskalender score of 177.190 points. Her highest ranking on the Adelskalender was a 3rd place.

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Eng, Trond. All Time International Championships, Complete Results: 1889 – 2002. Askim, Norway: WSSSA-Skøytenytt, 2002.
 Eng, Trond; Gjerde, Arild and Teigen, Magne. Norsk Skøytestatistikk Gjennom Tidene, Menn/Kvinner, 1999 (6. utgave). Askim/Skedsmokorset/Veggli, Norway: WSSSA-Skøytenytt, 1999.
 Eng, Trond; Gjerde, Arild; Teigen, Magne and Teigen, Thorleiv. Norsk Skøytestatistikk Gjennom Tidene, Menn/Kvinner, 2004 (7. utgave). Askim/Skedsmokorset/Veggli/Hokksund, Norway: WSSSA-Skøytenytt, 2004.
 Eng, Trond and Teigen, Magne. Komplette Resultater fra offisielle Norske Mesterskap på skøyter, 1894 – 2005. Askim/Veggli, Norway: WSSSA-Skøytenytt, 2005.
 Teigen, Magne. Komplette Resultater Norske Mesterskap På Skøyter, 1887 – 1989: Menn/Kvinner, Senior/Junior. Veggli, Norway: WSSSA-Skøytenytt, 1989.
 Teigen, Magne. Komplette Resultater Internasjonale Mesterskap 1889 – 1989: Menn/Kvinner, Senior/Junior, allround/sprint. Veggli, Norway: WSSSA-Skøytenytt, 1989.

External links 
 
 
 Personal records from Jakub Majerski's Speedskating Database
 

1960 births
Living people
Norwegian female speed skaters
Olympic speed skaters for Norway
Olympic gold medalists for Norway
Speed skaters at the 1980 Winter Olympics
Speed skaters at the 1984 Winter Olympics
Norwegian female cyclists
Olympic medalists in speed skating
Sportspeople from Larvik
Medalists at the 1980 Winter Olympics
World Allround Speed Skating Championships medalists
Dailey is a surname of Irish origin. Notable people with the surname include:
Entertainment
Dan Dailey (1915–1978), American actor and dancer
Irene Dailey (1920–2008), American actress
Peter F. Dailey (1868–1908), American burlesque comedian
Will Dailey (born c.1976), American recording and performing artist

Sports
Bill Dailey (born 1935), American professional baseball player
Bob Dailey (1953–2016), Canadian ice hockey player
Casey Dailey (born 1975), American football player
Doug Dailey (born 1944),  English cyclist
Mary Dailey (1928–1965), All-American League Professional Baseball League player
Quintin Dailey (1961–2010), American professional basketball player
Ted Dailey (1908–1992), American football player 

Other
Dan Dailey (glass artist) (born 1947), American glass artist
Dell L. Dailey, United States Department of State counterterrorism officer
Don Dailey (1956–2013), American computer chess researcher and game programmer
Fred Dailey (born 1946), American farmer
Janet Dailey (1944–2013), American author
John R. Dailey (born 1934), United States Marine Corps general
Joseph S. Dailey (1844–1905), Justice of the Indiana Supreme Court
Mark Dailey (1953–2010), American-born Canadian television journalist
Peter H. Dailey (1930–2018), American advertising executive and U.S. Ambassador to Ireland (1982–1984)
Phyllis Mae Dailey (1919–1976), American nurse and Navy officer
Ulysses Grant Dailey (1885–1961), American surgeon, writer and teacher

See also
 Dailey, Colorado
Daily (disambiguation)
Daley (disambiguation)
Daly (disambiguation)
Padang Station (PD) is a railway station of the Pulau Aie–Padang Panjang railway and Teluk Bayur–Padang railway located at Jl. Stasiun No. 1, Simpang Haru, East Padang, Padang, West Sumatra.

History 
Staatsspoorwegen ter Sumatra's Westkust (SSS), a division of Staatsspoorwegen, was built a railroad in West Sumatra based on a concession issued by the Dutch East Indies government which was approved by the Dutch parliament in September 1887. Construction began on 6 July 1889 to connect Padang with the well-known Ombilin coal mine in Sawahlunto. In detail, the railroad line consists of Emmahaven (Teluk Bayur)-Padang Station which was inaugurated on 1 October 1892, and – on 1 July 1891.

Padang Station currently serves Sibinuang train to and from  and  and, since 2018, Minangkabau Express airport train to and from Minangkabau International Airport dedicated station. Presently the railroad to Pulau Aie which starts from track 1 has been reactivated and the expansion of the station building has been carried out.

Station layout

Services
Railway services that utilise this station:

Supporting transportation

Gallery

References

External links
 

Buildings and structures in Padang
Railway stations in West Sumatra
Transport in Padang
Stations of Divre II West Sumatra
Marvin Dawson Mathis (November 30, 1940 – April 17, 2017) was an American newsman and politician who served five terms as a U.S. Representative from Georgia from 1971 to 1981.

Biography 
Born in Nashville, Georgia, Mathis attended the Nashville public schools. He attended South Georgia College in Douglas, Georgia. From 1964 to 1970, he was news director of WALB-TV in Albany, Georgia.

Congress 
Mathis was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-second and to the four succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1971 – January 3, 1981). He was an unsuccessful candidate for nomination to the United States Senate in 1980.

Later career 
In 1982 he tried to reclaim his old seat in the house but lost to successor  Charles Hatcher in the Democratic primary. 

He became a private sector lobbyist. 

He was a resident of Nashville, Georgia.

Death 
Mathis died in April 2017 in Tifton, Georgia, aged 76.

References

1940 births
2017 deaths
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Georgia (U.S. state)
People from Berrien County, Georgia
South Georgia State College alumni
20th-century American politicians
Members of Congress who became lobbyists
Blake David Annen (born May 28, 1991) is an American football coach and former tight end. He played college football at the University of Cincinnati and attended Upper Arlington High School in Upper Arlington, Ohio. He has been a member of the Philadelphia Eagles, Chicago Bears, New Orleans Saints, Green Bay Packers and Buffalo Bills.

Early years
Annen played high school football for the Upper Arlington High School Golden Bears in Upper Arlington, Ohio. He helped the Golden Bears win the Ohio Capital Conference Central Division Championship in 2008. He recorded 30 receptions for 800 yards and 12 touchdowns in his high school career. He was named the top tight end in the state by OhioVarsity.com.

College career
Annen played for the Cincinnati Bearcats from 2009 to 2013. He was redshirted in 2009.

Professional career

Annen ran his 40-yard dash time at 4.41 seconds at Cincinnati's 2014 Pro Day in addition to posting 25 reps on the bench press, which ultimately made him a priority UDFA.

Philadelphia Eagles
Annen signed with the Philadelphia Eagles on May 10, 2014, after going undrafted in the 2014 NFL draft. He was released by the Eagles on August 23, 2014.

Chicago Bears
Annen was signed to the Chicago Bears' practice squad on September 18, 2014. He was promoted to the active roster on November 8, 2014. He made his NFL debut on November 23, 2014, against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Annen was released by the Bears on September 2, 2015.

New Orleans Saints
On September 7, 2015, the New Orleans Saints signed Annen to their practice squad. On September 15, 2015, he was released by the Saints.

Green Bay Packers
On September 30, 2015, the Green Bay Packers signed Annen to their practice squad. On October 16, 2015, he was released by the Packers.

Buffalo Bills
On December 15, 2015, the Buffalo Bills signed Annen to their practice squad. He was waived/injured by the Bills on September 2, 2016, and was placed on injured reserve after clearing waivers.

On June 13, 2017, Annen was waived by the Bills.

Post-playing career
In 2018, Annen was hired as the head football coach at Carmel High School. As assistant coaches, he hired former Bears Johnny Knox and Nathan Vasher; the three had worked together at EFT Football Academy in Highland Park, Illinois. In Annen's first year, the Corsairs improved from their 1–8 record in 2017 to 4–5. Another ex-Bear in Jason McKie became running backs coach in 2019. Annen resigned in October to return to his family in Ohio.

References

External links
NFL Draft Scout
College stats

Living people
1991 births
Players of American football from Ohio
People from Upper Arlington, Ohio
Sportspeople from Franklin County, Ohio
American football tight ends
Cincinnati Bearcats football players
Philadelphia Eagles players
Chicago Bears players
New Orleans Saints players
Green Bay Packers players
Buffalo Bills players