Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Grande Fratello 8 is the eighth season of the Italian version of the reality show franchise Big Brother.  The show was produced by Endemol and aired from 21 January 2008 to 21 April 2008.

Housemates

Nominations table

Notes
<div style="font-size:smaller">
 This year's Grando Fratello contained the largest family ever to compete in Big Brother; Carmela & Filippo are married, and Domenico, Fabio & Giuseppe are their sons. Because of this, the producers felt that they held an advantage in nominations, and the three brothers (Domenico, Fabio and Giuseppe) were automatically nominated for the first eviction.
 The producers decided to give immunity to Carmela, Filippo and Mario this week. They could not nominate or be nominated.
 After Ali's eviction, a round of nomination was held. Only Raffaele was allowed to nominate, and chose to nominate Filippo and Giuseppe. These two then faced the vote of the rest of their housemates, and Filippo was evicted 9–5.
 Housemates only nominated one person each this week. The producers decided that Lina and Teresa should be immune from nominating and being nominated. Shortly after the nominations Benedetta, Thiago's wife, entered as a new housemate.
 The producers decided that Thiago should be Immune from nominating and being nominated.
 The producers decided that Benedetta should be immune from nominating and being nominated.
 Andrea & Thiago were chosen by the producers to face their housemates' vote that night.
 Mirko is exempt as a new housemate, as is Raffaella - the producers' choice.
 Mirko is, again, exempt as he is still new to the house.
 All-female housemates were made immune from being nominated by the producers this week. They could, however, nominate the male housemates. Male housemate Roberto was also made Immune by the producers - he could not nominate or be nominated.
 The producers decided that Christine should be immune from nominating and being nominated.
 The producers decided to award immunity to Francesco. Francesco then had to start a chain of immunity by choosing another housemate to be immune. That housemate then chose another to be immune and this continued until 2 housemates remained. Fabio and Mirko will face the public vote, for the eviction that night, after they were not awarded immunity. 
 Lina was chosen for exemption, and the four or more housemates with the most nominations will face the public vote this week, not the usual three.
 Mario was chosen for exemption, and only the two housemates with the most nominations will face the public vote this week.
 All remaining housemates automatically face the public vote to win this week.</di v>

TV Ratings

Live shows
The live shows aired every Monday on Canale 5.

Daily

The daily shows aired on Canale 5. In addition to the normal daily shows aired at 6.15 pm, a new nightly show named "Grande Fratello night" was aired on Saturday night.

References

2008 Italian television seasons
08
Dictyonema darwinianum is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. It is endemic to the Galápagos Islands, where it grows as an epiphyte on the bark of branches and trunks, often closely associated with or overgrowing bryophytes and interspersed detritus. It was formally described as a new species in 2017 by Manuela Dal-Forno, Frank Bungartz, and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected along the trail from Bellavista to El Puntudo on Santa Cruz Island at an altitude of . The lichen is common and widespread on the Galápagos Islands, where it forms dark bluish-green filamentous and crust-like mats on Frullania liverworts and associated forest detritus. The specific epithet darwinianum honours Charles Darwin and the Charles Darwin Foundation.

References

darwinianum
Lichen species
Lichens described in 2017
Lichens of the Galápagos Islands
Taxa named by Robert Lücking
Basidiolichens
Taxa named by Frank Bungartz
Jassim Ismail Juma (; 1 January 1938 – 11 February 2023) was a Kuwaiti diplomat and politician. An independent, he served in the National Assembly from 1971 to 1975.

Juma died in Kuwait City on 11 February 2023, at the age of 85.

References

1938 births
2023 deaths
Members of the National Assembly (Kuwait)
People from Kuwait City
Sandra Khumalo (born 4 April 1981) is a South African rower who competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and has qualified for the 2016 Games.

Personal life

In 2005, at the age of 24, Khumalo was injured in a car accident. Whilst travelling to her job in a safari lodge at the Kruger National Park in Mpumalanga, the Land Rover she was travelling in was hit by a truck. The accident damaged her spinal cord and left her lower body paralysed.

Khumalo and her husband Siba have two daughters.

Rowing
Following her accident Khumalo moved to Durban, where her husband was starting a new job, and in 2008 she took up swimming to improve her upper body strength. She was then approached by Midlands Rowing Club in 2010 who were looking for athletes. She began training with a coach in Pietermaritzburg, 90 km away from Durban. She later joined Durban rowing club and was taken to a training camp for the national team.

Khumalo qualified to compete for South Africa at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, held in London, United Kingdom, in the women's single sculls by winning the silver medal at the final qualification regatta in Belgrade, Serbia. She was the only rower in the South African team. At the Games she placed fifth in her heat in a time of 6 minutes 2.38 seconds and then entered the repechage round where she finished fourth in a time of 6 minutes 13.23 seconds. she advanced to the B final where she finished second, in a time of 6 minutes 18.88 seconds, meaning she placed eighth overall.

At the 2013 World Rowing Championships held at Tangeum Lake, Chungju in South Korea, Khumalo placed third in her single sculls heat and then second in the repechage to reach the A final, eventually finishing sixth in a time of 6 minutes 6.25 seconds. At the 2014 World Rowing Championships in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, she again reached the A final via the repechage, finishing sixth in a time of 5 minutes 56.12 seconds. At the 2015 World Championships at Lac d'Aiguebelette, Aiguebelette in France, she finished third in her heat and fourth in the semifinals to advance to the B final, which she won in a time of 5 minutes 48.89 seconds. This was enough to place her in the top eight boats and ensure qualification for the 2016 Summer Paralympics to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

In 2013 Khumalo was a finalist for the SPAR gsport Athlete of the Year with Disability award which was eventually won by women's wheelchair tennis player Kgothatso Montjane.

References

1981 births
Living people
South African female rowers
Paralympic rowers for South Africa
Rowers at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
The MTV Asia Awards was the Asian equivalent of the European MTV EMA. Held from 2002 to 2008, the show gave recognition and awards to Asian and international artists in achievement, cinema, fashion, humanitarian, and music. Just like the EMAs, most of the awards were voted by viewers from the Asian region.

The trophy design was a gold toblerone-like bar. The twin prism shape represents the letter M and double A, the acronyms for MTV Asia Awards.

The show was absent in 2007 and was discontinued after 2008.

Ceremonies

Categories

Viewers' choice awards

Regional awards
 Favorite Artist Mainland China
 Favorite Artist Hong Kong
 Favorite Artist India
 Favorite Artist Indonesia
 Favorite Artist Korea
 Favorite Artist Malaysia
 Favorite Artist Philippines
 Favorite Artist Singapore
 Favorite Artist Taiwan
 Favorite Artist Thailand

International awards
Favorite Breakthrough Artist
Favorite Female Artist
Favorite Male Artist
Favorite Pop Act
Favorite Rock Act
Favorite Video

Special awards

References

 
Asian music
Asian music awards
Awards established in 2002
Awards disestablished in 2008
Line 1 is a Athens Suburban Railway services or (Proastiakos) Rapid transit line in Athens, Greece, managed by Hellenic Train. The service connects Piraeus with the Airport. The line shares a part of its course with lines 2 and 4, but also with lines 3 at Athens. The first Suburban line was inaugurated on 30 July 2004, using 17 OSE Class 560 DMUs between Larissa Station (Now Athens) and the Airport. With the completion of the electrification of the sections of the line to Athens in 2017 and Piraeus in 2018. The line now exclusively uses OSE class 460 EMUs rolling stock.

History
The initial planning phase of the line provided for the use of express trains (Airport Express) from Piraeus to the Airport with intermediate stations only in Athens, Agioi Anargyrou, Neratziotissa, Kifissia and Dukisis Placentia, and with a journey time of half an hour. In the end, however, the need to connect the capital's international airport with the city's most central station, Syntagma, imposed the joint travel of Suburban and Metro from Doukissis Plakentias to the Airport.

Line 1 was put into operation on 30 July 2004, connecting Athens with the Airport without electrification. On 6 August 2004, one week after the inauguration of the line, the Neratziotissa was inaugurated. In 2006, the section from Neratziotissa to the Airport was electrified, which led to the addition of new routes along this section, operated by brand new Desiro 460 electrified trains. On 4 June 2007, the routes were extended from Athens to Piraeus. In July 2007, all Athens Suburban Railway services were transferred from OSE to TrainOSE.

With the extension to Ano Liosia was electrification in 2009, the line underwent a track change, connecting the Airport with Ano Liosia exclusively by electric EMUs. On 8 August 2010, Metamorfosi station opened, while in December of the same year, the line's routes were extended to Kato Acharnes on the occasion of the completion of electrification in this section. On 5 April 2011, the Acharnon Railway Center was opened.

In 2017 OSE's passenger transport sector was privatised as TrainOSE, (Now Hellenic Train) currently, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane infrastructure, including stations, remained under the control of OSE. The line underwent another change of course on 30 July 2017, 13 years after its inauguration, due to the restructuring of the Suburban network on the occasion of the extension of electrification from Agioi Anargyrou to Athens central station. Then the itineraries between Athens and the Airport were restored with a new direct connection, exclusively with EMU trains. The route was extended to Piraeus again on 1 February 2018, after electrification of the remaining section.

Stations

See also
Hellenic Railways Organization
Hellenic Train
Proastiakos

References

Railway stations in Greece opened in the 2000s
Railway stations opened in 2007
2007 establishments in Greece
Athens
Attica
Railway
Railway stations in Attica
Transport in Athens
Transport in Attica
Transport in West Attica
Railway stations opened in 1884
Railway stations opened in 2004
The House of Death refers to a serial killing site in the Mexican city of Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, where executions were committed by members of the Juárez Cartel, some allegedly with the knowledge and participation of a United States undercover informant known by the pseudonym "Lalo", who had infiltrated the cartel. According to policy of the United States Department of Justice, undercover informants are not permitted to participate in acts of violence.

Guillermo Eduardo Ramírez Peyro, a.k.a. "Lalo", was a former Mexican Highway Patrol officer and a paid informant of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE),  which is part of the Department of Homeland Security. "Lalo" also reported to the DEA. After infiltrating the Juárez Cartel, he worked with Heriberto Santillán Tabares and helped him murder people in Mexico. 
"Lalo" had foreknowledge of planned killings and claims that he informed his US handlers of the intended crimes. It has been asserted that US officials, including Johnny Sutton, the United States Attorney of United States District Court for the Western District of Texas, were aware of the murderous activities of the informant, but failed to intervene. Juanita Fielden, Assistant US Attorney, is a defendant in a lawsuit for wrongful death brought forward by families of victims of the "House of Death".

Torture and executions of suspected rivals and suspected informants took place until January 2004. When the Mexican government became aware of the activities, a mass grave containing at least twelve bodies was found in a house at 3633 Calle Parsioneros, Ciudad Juárez, which came to be dubbed the "House of Death." Santillán was convicted of trafficking by Johnny Sutton, but in a plea bargaining agreement, he was not accused of murder, and "Lalo", the former informant for the US government, now sits in a high-security prison awaiting extradition to Mexico, which will be according to him tantamount to a death sentence. "Lalo" also claims that the United States Government still owes him money.

See also 

War on Drugs
Vicente Carrillo Fuentes
Mexican Drug War

References

External links
 House of Death Article Collection

Mass graves
Battles of the Mexican drug war
Organized crime events in Mexico
People murdered by Mexican drug cartels
Juárez Cartel
Ciudad Juárez
The 2022 Munster Senior Camogie Championship was run as a standalone competition in May 2022. It was not part of the 2022 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship. Cork were the defending champions. Cork beat Clare in the final. Cork's intermediate team beat Kerry in the Intermediate final. Clare beat Waterford in the Munster junior final.

Teams

5 teams took part in a knock-out competition.

 Clare
 Cork
 Limerick
 Tipperary
 Waterford

Knockout stage

Quarter-final

Semi-finals

Final

References 

2022 in camogie
Esperantina may refer to:

 Esperantina, Piauí, a city in the Northeast Region of Brazil
 Esperantina, Tocantins, a city in the North Region of Brazil
Wyoming Highway 290 (WYO 290) is an  east-west Wyoming state road located in southern Park County, providing access to areas west of Meeteetse.

Route description
Wyoming Highway 290 begins its western end at Park CR 4IX (Pitchfork Road) and Park CR 5XS, approximately 11 miles west of Meeteetse, near the Marathon Pitchfork oil fields.  Highway 290 travels eastward along the south bank of the Greybull River which it will roughly parallel for its entire routing. WYO 290 passes north of the Lower Sunshine Reservoir and then  crosses Wood River at just over 5 miles. As WYO 290 nears Meeteetse, it turns to travel more northeasterly and enters the town from the south. At 11.23 miles, it reaches its eastern terminus at Wyoming Highway 120 in Meeteetse.

Major intersections

References

External links 

Wyoming State Routes 200-299
WYO 290 - WYO 120 to Park County Route 4IX

Transportation in Park County, Wyoming
290
Maliverey Catilyn (or Maliverny Caitlyn, Malevery Catlin, Malivery Kattelyne, or other variations) was an English spy in Elizabethan England.

Early life 
Little is known of Catilyn's family or early life, except that he had older brothers, which would normally have meant that he occupied a subordinate financial position. In around 1570, he joined the English army in the Netherlands under Colonel Thomas Morgan, but was forced to leave in 1585 or 1586 after a dispute with his superior.

Government spy 
After leaving the army, Catilyn travelled to Rouen, where he was still living in the spring of 1586, gathering information on English Catholics in exile for the benefit of the English government, particularly the spymaster and principal secretary Sir Francis Walsingham. By the end of June 1586, Catilyn was in Portsmouth, acting as a prison spy, and he also spent some time in the Marshalsea for the same purpose. At around the same time, he worked with other spies, such as Gilbert Gifford and Thomas Phelippes, to monitor the Babington Plot, an attempt to assassinate the queen. Catilyn served as an anti-Catholic spy partly out of conviction: he was inclined towards puritanism and once wrote to Walsingham complaining about the popularity of stage plays in London. There are numerous alternative spellings of Catilyn's unusual name, which was possibly a spy pseudonym.

Booke of the Traytors 
When the Babington conspiracy was quashed by the government, Catilyn wrote a narrative account of the subsequent treason trials, which is now held by the Derbyshire Record Office, entitled "Booke of the Traytors" (c. 1586).

Death 
Catilyn died sometime prior to 25 June 1589, and was survived by his wife, whose name is unknown.

Notes

References 
 Stephen Alford, "Some Elizabethan Spies in the Office of Sir Francis Walsingham", in R. Adams and R. Cox (eds), Diplomacy and Early Modern Culture (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2011).
 Jonathan McGovern, "Maliverey Catilyn’s 'Booke of the Traytors': A Narrative of the Treason Trials of Anthony Babington and his Confederates", Derbyshire Archaeological Journal 140 (2020), 139-176.

Year of birth unknown
Year of death uncertain
English spies
16th-century spies
Place of birth unknown
is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include: 
, Japanese table tennis player
, Japanese voice actress
, Japanese manga artist
, Japanese singer and idol

Fictional characters
, a character in the manga series Assassination Classroom

See also
, train station in Tamura, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan
, former castle in Ranzan, Saitama Prefecture, Japan

Japanese-language surnames
The St. Paul Saints, also known as the Apostles or the White Caps, were a replacement Major League Baseball team that represented St. Paul, Minnesota in the short-lived Union Association, which existed for the  season only. The team began the 1884 season in the Northwestern League as the Apostles. In September of that year, after compiling a 24-48 record, the team jumped to the Union Association along with the Milwaukee Brewers. The club finished its short stint in the Association with a 2-6-1 record in nine road games, earning the distinction of being the only major league team not to play a single home game.  The team was managed by Andrew Thompson. Their normal home field was the Fort Road or Fort Street Grounds, also known as West Seventh Street Park (two names for the same street).

Their top-hitting regular was pitcher/outfielder Jim Brown, who had five hits in 16 at bats, for a batting average of .313, hit four doubles, and a slugging percentage of .563.  The team also included Charlie Ganzel, their catcher, who went on to play in 786 games in a 14-season career, most notably with the Detroit Wolverines and the Boston Beaneaters.

1884 season
The 1884 St. Paul Saints (variously known also as the "White Caps" or "Apostles") joined the Union Association on September 27, 1884, partway through its season after starting the season in the Northwestern League.<ref>Thornley, Stew: Baseball in Minnesota, page 22. Minnesota Historical Society, 2006</ref> They finished with a 2–6–1 record. After the season the UA folded, as did the Saints.

 Season standings 

 Record vs. opponents 

 Roster 

 Player stats 

 Batting 

 Starters by position Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs Other batters Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs Pitching 

 Starting pitchers Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts Relief pitchers Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts''

References

External links
1884 Saint Paul Saints at Baseball Reference

Union Association baseball teams
Sports in Saint Paul, Minnesota
1884 establishments in Minnesota
1884 disestablishments in Minnesota
Baseball teams established in 1884
Baseball teams disestablished in 1884
Defunct baseball teams in Minnesota
S. concinna may refer to:

 Schinia concinna, a North American moth
 Schismatoglottis concinna, a flowering plant
 Schizura concinna, a North American moth
 Scissurella concinna, a sea snail
 Sepsis concinna, an ant-mimicking fly
 Sigara concinna, a water boatman
 Siphonalia concinna, a sea snail
 Stenelmis concinna, a rifle beetle
 Stratiomys concinna, a soldier fly
 Swainsona concinna, a flowering plant
 Synaptocochlea concinna, a sea snail
The Cave of the Lakes (), formerly called Troupisio, is located near the village Kastria in the municipality of Kalavryta, Achaea regional unit. It is  from Kalavryta and  from Kleitoria.

The cave is an old subterranean river consisting of three levels. During the winter when the snow melts it is transformed into a flowing river with waterfalls. During the summer, it dries up, leaving behind 13 lakes.

Legend 
It is mentioned in the writings of the ancient traveller Pausanias.

According to Greek legend, it was in this cave that Melampus cured the two of the three daughters of Proetus, king of Tiryns, Lysippe and Iphianassa. The third daughter, Iphinoe, had died on the way.

Scientific 
Humans started using the cave during the Neolithic Age and it was in continued use throughout the duration of the Bronze Age. It presents significant paleontological and archaeological interests. On the lower level of the cave, fossilized bones of humans and various other animals, including hippopotamus, have been identified.

References

Landforms of Achaea
Kalavryta
Caves of Greece
Celatiscincus is a genus of skinks. Both species are endemic to New Caledonia.

Species
The following 2 species, listed alphabetically by specific name, are recognized as being valid:

Celatiscincus euryotis (Werner, 1909) – southern pale-hipped skink
Celatiscincus similis Sadlier, Smith, & Bauer, 2006 – northern pale-hipped skink

Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Celatiscincus.

References

 
Lizard genera
Taxa named by Ross Allen Sadlier
Taxa named by Sarah A. Smith
Taxa named by Aaron M. Bauer
Skinks of New Caledonia
Veronika Kudermetova defeated Danka Kovinić in the final, 6–4, 6–2, to win the singles tennis title at the 2021 Charleston Open. Kudermetova did not drop a set en route to her first career Women's Tennis Association (WTA) singles title.

Madison Keys was the defending champion, but she lost in the second round to Sloane Stephens in a rematch of the previous tournament's quarterfinal. As all losing quarterfinalists were previous WTA title holders, all four semifinalists were in contention to become a maiden WTA champion.

Seeds
The top eight seeds received a bye into the second round.

Draw

Finals

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Bottom half

Section 3

Section 4

Qualifying

Seeds

Qualifiers

Lucky losers

Draw

First qualifier

Second qualifier

Third qualifier

Fourth qualifier

Fifth qualifier

Sixth qualifier

Seventh qualifier

Eighth qualifier

References

External links
 Main draw
 Qualifying draw

2021 WTA Tour
2021