Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The slope efficiency is an important property of a laser. It is obtained by plotting the laser output power against the input pump power. Above the lasing threshold, the resulting curve is usually close to a straight line. The slope efficiency is the slope of this line. Slope efficiency can similarly be defined in terms of output and input energies instead of powers. This makes it applicable to pulsed lasers.

The curve described above is nearly linear above threshold when the optical losses in the laser cavity remain the same for all input powers. Sometimes the curve is nonlinear, typically with lower slope at high input powers. This is characteristic of increased losses, which are often thermal in nature, such as due to lensing. This is especially common in powerful lasers.

Whatever the shape of a slope efficiency curve, it should be possible to extrapolate the line of best fit to find the intercept with the x-axis. In this way the threshold pump power for this particular laser can be found. Determining the laser threshold periodically, via a slope efficiency graph, is particularly useful in helping to determine when a laser requires refurbishment. 

The optimization of the laser output power for a given pump power usually involves a compromise between high slope efficiency and low threshold pump power.

See also
Energy conversion efficiency

References
Slope efficiency in RP Photonics

Laser science
Gu Xin (; born 1956) is a former Chinese business executive and singer. Gu was the Board Chairman and Executive Manager of the  China Oriental Performing Arts Group, a state-owned arts group. On July 9, 2015, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) issued a notice that it was investigating Gu for "serious violations of laws and regulations".

Gu is a member of the National Committee of CPPCC. He was also a member of the national standing committee of the China Democratic League. He is also the Vice-President of Chinese Musicians Association. Gu is a doctoral supervisor at the Chinese Academy of Arts and Nanjing Arts University. He is a professor at Nanjing University and Southeast China University, he is also a visiting professor for schools in the Netherlands.

Career
Hu was born in Suzhou, Jiangsu, in 1956. Gu entered Nanjing Arts University in 1973, he studied music under professor Li Zongpu (). After graduation in 1977 he was assigned to Jiangsu Performing Arts Group as a vocal solo.

In 1981, he was accepted to Shanghai Conservatory of Music, he studied music under Tan Bingruo () and Zhou Xiaoyan ().

In 1982, he went to the United States to perform with the group.

In 1986, he won a special award at the sixteenth Paris International Vocal Music Competition in France.

In 1987, he was the head of philharmonic society of Jiangsu Song and Dance Theatre. In 1989, he was transferred to Jiangsu Opera Troupe as the head of philharmonic society.

In October 1989, he won the "Zijin Drama Award" at the second China Art Festival.

In July 1990, he was promoted to become Vice-President of Jiangsu Song and Dance Theatre. Five months later, he was promoted again to the President position.

In May 1995, he was appointed as deputy head of Jiangsu Provincial Culture Department.

On October 9, 2011, he became the President of Jiangsu Art Theatre and Executive Manager of Jiangsu Performing Arts Group.

In January 2010, he served as the Board Chairman and Executive Manager of the  China Oriental Performing Arts Group, and served until July 2015, while he was investigated by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Communist Party of China for "serious violations of discipline and law".

Awards

References 

1956 births
Living people
People from Suzhou
Nanjing University of the Arts alumni
Shanghai Conservatory of Music alumni
Chinese male singers
Singers from Suzhou
The Church of Saint Mary in Limington, Somerset, England dates from the late 14th century and includes fragments of an earlier building. It has been designated as a Grade I listed building.

Fragments of the north door and tower date from the Norman period, but most of the building are from the 14th century with the north chapel being dated to 1328. It is built of local stone with Hamstone dressings. The tower has six bells, the oldest of which is from the 15th century. The interior includes a pulpit and altar table from the 17th century and an octagonal font from the 16th. There are several effigies including one of Sir Richard Gyvernay who built the chantry chapel and died in 1329. Below this is a smaller female figure  and there is also a double monument of a male and female figure, which are believed to be Henry and Matilda Power and date from the 1340s.

One rector of renown was Thomas Wolsey who held the living between 1500 and 1509, before becoming a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. resident in the parish for at least 5 years he was placed in the stocks by the Sheriff of Somerset for 'drunken and lewd behaviour' at the Merriott fare.

The Anglican parish is part of the benefice of  Ilchester with Northover, Limington Yeovilton and Podimore within the archdeaconry of Wells.

See also

 List of Grade I listed buildings in South Somerset
 List of towers in Somerset
 List of ecclesiastical parishes in the Diocese of Bath and Wells

References

14th-century church buildings in England
Church of England church buildings in South Somerset
Grade I listed churches in Somerset
Grade I listed buildings in South Somerset
Russell Malmgren (April 16, 1905 – October 1982) was an American sound engineer. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Special Effects at the 17th Academy Awards for work on the film Secret Command. He worked on more than 50 films during his career.

References

External links

1905 births
1982 deaths
American audio engineers
Engineers from Chicago
20th-century American engineers
Benjamin Martin (born November 12, 1984) author of young adult/urban fantasy novels. He currently lives in Okinawa.

Bibliography

Samurai Awakening novels
Samurai Awakening (Tuttle Publishing 2012)
Revenge of the Akuma Clan (Tuttle Publishing 2013)
TBA

Jitsugen Samurai Diaries shorts
The Tanner's Daughter (2013)
TBA

Recognition

Samurai Awakening
 2013 Middle East/Asia/India Crystal Kite Awards
 2011 Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award semi-finalist

Photography
Benjamin won the 2012 Tarumi Kengo prize in the Coral Way Photo Contest

References

External links

 Benjamin Martin's Website
 Benjamin Martin's Blog

21st-century American novelists
American fantasy writers
American writers of young adult literature
Living people
1984 births
American male novelists
21st-century American male writers
The 1958 Wichita Shockers football team, sometimes known as the Wheatshockers, was an American football team that represented Wichita  University (now known as Wichita State University) as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In its second season under head coach Woody Woodard, the team compiled a 4–5–1 record (1–2–1 against conference opponents), finished in last place out of five teams in the MVC, and was outscored by a total of 200 to 148. The team played its home games at Veterans Field, now known as Cessna Stadium.

Schedule

References

Wichita
Wichita State Shockers football seasons
Wichita Shockers football
Pierre-Percée () is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France.

Sites and monuments
 Château de Pierre-Percée ruins
 Lake of  Pierre-Percée

See also
Communes of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department
Antoine Sartorio

References

Pierrepercee
Jeannette Lois Bell (; born September 2, 1941) is an American Democratic politician and social worker from Wisconsin.

Early life and education 
Bell was born on September 2, 1941, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Her parents are Harold Arthur Jeske and Luella Ruth Jeske (née Block). She graduated from Rufus King International High School and received her bachelor's degree in legal studies from the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee in 1988. She worked in a nursing home as an activities coordinator and as the supervisor of a youth employment program.

Political career 
From 1983 until 1997, Bell served in the Wisconsin State Assembly. In 1996, Bell resigned from the Wisconsin State Assembly to serve as Mayor of West Allis, Wisconsin until her retirement in 2008.

Personal life 
She married Chester Robert Bell and they have three children: Chester III, Colleen and Edith.

Notes

Politicians from Milwaukee
People from West Allis, Wisconsin
University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee alumni
Democratic Party members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
Women mayors of places in Wisconsin
Women state legislators in Wisconsin
Mayors of places in Wisconsin
1941 births
Living people
Rufus King International High School alumni
21st-century American women
The Stoke-on-Trent Green Belt is a green belt environmental and planning policy that regulates the rural space throughout mainly the West Midlands region of England. It is contained within the counties of Cheshire and Staffordshire. Essentially, the function of the designated area is to prevent surrounding towns and villages within the Stoke-on-Trent conurbation from further convergence. It is managed by local planning authorities on guidance from central government.

Purpose 
The following policy was stated for the creation of the green belt area by Staffordshire County Council in 1967:

Cheshire County Council set out their policy in 1961:

Geography
Land area taken up by the green belt is , 0.5% of the total land area of England (2010). The main coverage of the area is within northern Staffordshire, extending into southern Cheshire. The North West Green Belt area surrounding Macclesfield lies close to the Stoke-on-Trent green belt, being just over a mile away at its closest extent from the River Dane which forms the northern boundary for the area.

Landscape facilities and features within the green belt area include the Cudmore Fisheries, Meaford Energy Centre, Millennium Topograph in Downs Banks, JCB Harewood Estate, Rudyard Lake,  Meir Heath, Barlaston Common, Chatterley Whitfield Country Park and enterprise centre, Bucknall Reservoir, the Trent & Mersey and Caldon canals, the River Blythe and Trent, Wedgwood Museum and estate, Strongford Sewage Treatment Works, and Trent Vale Pumping Station.

A large portion of the western boundary is formed by the West Coast Main Line railway. Towns on the outer extents of the green belt include Alsager, Cheadle, Congleton, Crewe, Leek, and Stone. Towns and villages within the area include Biddulph, Endon, Kidsgrove, Rudyard, Scholar Green and Swynnerton. Due to the green belt lying across county borders, responsibility and co-ordination lies with several district councils and unitary authorities as these are the local planning authorities.

See also
 Green belt (United Kingdom)

References

External links
 Interactive map of green belt land

Green belts in the United Kingdom
Environment of Staffordshire
Environment of Cheshire
Stoke-on-Trent
Iron Dawn is the fifth EP by Swedish black metal band Marduk. It was recorded and mixed at Endarker Studio in March 2011 and released that May by Regain Records on CD and limited vinyl.

Track listing

Personnel
Marduk
 Mortuus – vocals
 Morgan Steinmeyer Håkansson – guitar
 Magnus "Devo" Andersson – bass, mixing
 Lars Broddesson – drums

References

2011 EPs
Marduk (band) EPs
one cool word magazine is a Vancouverlogue art and literary publication from Vancouver, British Columbia, with a full-length CD compilation of content from Metro Vancouverites accompanied in every issue. Its mandate was: "Our quest to encourage creative work in the city takes place on many levels: we invite people to submit work, we invite people to create writing, art, and music at our events, we choose work on the basis of quality of thought, freshness of vision and innovation in form, and we showcase work by professionals and up-and-comers side by side, to declare that everyone has the capacity to be an artist and to share the bliss of being on the giving and/or receiving end of expression."

The magazine featured many subgenres within the genres of art, writing, and music, from painting to cartoons, non-fiction to experimental writing, and spoken word to electronic music. one cool word magazine was 100% Vancouver owned and operated, and was independent, not-for-profit and volunteer-run. It was published from 2006 to 2013.

History
one cool word magazine was created by Tracy Stefanucci and Ken Yong, with the first issue released in April 2006. The name is a play on words, and a joke about the fact that most magazine titles are simply one word that is cool (although, many people mistake the name for one cool world). The magazine's initial aims were to create a platform for work that was not currently being showcased in other Vancouver publications, and to unite the genres of art, writing and music to create dialogue between different mediums.

Since 2007, ocw evolved to focus on inspiring creation and artistic development on a city, community and individual level.

ocw was mentioned in Geist, Other Voices, Inc., Ricepaper, The Tyee (online), CITR-FM (radio), 99.3 The Fox (radio), and A New Rock Reality (TV).

Featured contributors included Mary Schendlinger, Nathan Sellyn, Brenden McLeod, Severn Cullis-Suzuki, Jessica Glesby, Kegan McFadden, Tara Gereaux, Randy Jacobs, Barbara Adler, Brandon Yan, CR Avery, Magpie Ulysses, Sean McGarragle, Chelsea Rooney, Colin J. Stewart, Emily Wight, Cathleen With, Elliot Lummin, Rob Taylor, Jenni Uitto, Sam Rappaport, Byron Barrett, Mary Kim, Fraser MacLean, Carter-Ethan Rankin, Shannon Rayne, Howard Penning, Mary Finlayson, Elias, Parlour Steps, The Februarys, Hey Ocean!, Wintermitts, The Sessions, Octoberman, RC Weslowski, Lotus Child, Love and Mathematics, Panurge, The Mohawk Lodge, and In Medias Res.

Issues
Issue #1: Spring 2006
Issue #2: Summer 2006
Issue #3: Autumn 2006
Issue #4: Winter 2006
Issue #5: Spring 2007
Issue #6: Summer 2007
Issue #7: Autumn 2007
Issue #8: "The Black and White  Issue" Winter 2007

See also
 List of literary magazines

References

   Hana Art Studios

External links
 one cool word magazine website

2006 establishments in British Columbia
2013 disestablishments in British Columbia
Visual arts magazines published in Canada
Quarterly magazines published in Canada
Defunct literary magazines published in Canada
Magazines established in 2006
Magazines disestablished in 2013
Magazines published in Vancouver
The  Chief of Staff Navy Command (HQ) is a senior Royal Navy appointment is the principal staff officer responsible for coordinating the supporting staff of Navy Command Headquarters, Portsmouth, England. The office was established in June 2010.

History
The post was established following the appointment of Vice-Admiral, Richard J. Ibbotson in June 2010 it continued to be a three-star rank position until the appointment of Rear-Admiral Duncan Potts in April 2013 when it was downgraded to a Two-star rank position. The office holder is the principal staff officer at Navy Command Headquarters. Portsmouth, England responsible for coordinating the HQ staff branches. The office has been held by both Royal Navy and Royal Marines officers. As the Chief of Staff NCHQ, he coordinates and integrates the work of the HQ.

From June 2010 until April 2013 the post holder jointly held the title Deputy Commander-in-Chief, the Fleet. From April 2013 until November 2018 the post holder simultaneously held the title Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff (Capability).

Chiefs of Staff Navy Command (HQ)
Included:
 Vice-Admiral, Richard J. Ibbotson, 30 June 2010 – September 2011 
 Vice-Admiral George Zambellas. 30 September 2011-September 2012  
 Vice-Admiral, Phillip Jones, September 2012-April 2013  
 Rear-Admiral Duncan Potts, April 2013-September 2014 
 Rear-Admiral James Morse, September 2014-May 2016 
 Rear-Admiral Paul Bennett, May 2016-November 2017 
 Major-General Robert Magowan, RM. November 2017-November 2018 
 Commodore Paul S. Beattie, November 2018-February 2020 
 Brigadier Michael J. Tanner RM February 2020 - June 2022
 Brigadier Neil Sutherland RM June 2022 – present

Citations

Sources
 Government, HM (2018). "Navy Directory 2017 Containing Lists of Ships, Establishments and Officers of the Fleet" (PDF). www.royalnavy.mod.uk. Ministry of Defence United Kingdom.
 Mackie, Colin (2019). "Royal Navy - Current Senior Serving Officers" (PDF). www.gulabin.com. C. Mackie.
 Mackie, Colin (2019). "Royal Navy Senior Appointments" (PDF). gulabin.com. C. Mackie.
 Maslin, Elaine (2018). "Subsea Defense: Extending Unmanned Capabilities". Marine Technology News

 

S
The Serbian Embassy in Paris (, ) is Serbia's diplomatic mission to France. It is located at Rue Leonard de Vinci 5, 75016,  in Paris, France. The current ambassador is Nataša Marić.

Consulates 
There is also a Consulate General in Strasbourg (Consul General Mladen Mijović). Serbia also maintains Permanent Mission to the Council of Europe in Strasbourg, Ambassador Slađana Prica-Tavčiovska, and Permanent Mission to the UNESCO in Paris, Ambassador Dragoljub Najman.

In Paris there is also a Cultural Centre of  Serbia at 123, Rue St Martin. The current director of Cultural Centre is Radoslav Pavlović.

See also
France–Serbia relations
List of Ambassadors from Serbia
Foreign relations of Serbia

References

External links 
 Serbian Embassy in Paris

Paris
Serbia
France–Serbia relations
Mametz (; ) is a former commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Carnoy-Mametz.

Geography
Mametz is situated on the D64 road, some  northeast of Amiens and  east of Albert. Fricourt lies to the west, Contalmaison is to the north, Montauban-de-Picardie to the north-east and Carnoy and Maricourt are to the south-east. Mametz Wood is 1,000 yards (910 m) to the north-west. Before the First World War, the village was the fifth largest in the area, with about  and had a station on the line from Albert to Péronne.

History

In the First World War, the area was the site of intense and sustained fighting between German and Allied forces. Between 1914 and 1916, the Western Front ran through Mametz, and the area was devastated. In 1916, Mametz was the site of particularly heavy fighting during the Battle of the Somme (see Capture of Mametz). It was also one of the sites where British mines were exploded on the first day of that battle. After the Armistice of 11 November 1918, the former inhabitants returned and gradually rebuilt most of the infrastructure as it had been before the war. There is a memorial in the commune to the 38th (Welsh) Division at Mametz Wood.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Somme department
 The Welsh at Mametz Wood (painting)

References

External links

 Mametz on the Quid website 

Former communes of Somme (department)
Populated places disestablished in 2019
Events from the 11th century in Canada.

Events
 985–1014: Viking explorations. Norsemen, including Erik the Red and Leif Ericson, set up outposts in North America and encounter Inuit, Beothuks and Micmacs.
 c. 1000: Thule people arrive in Nunavut.
 c. 1000: Leif (the Lucky) Ericson reaches L'Anse aux Meadows, in Newfoundland.
 c. 1000: The land that would become Canada supports 300,000 native people.
 c. 1007: Gudrid (born in Iceland around 950) gives birth to a son, Snorri Thorfinnsson, the first European child born in North America.
 c. 1014: The first European colony in North America is established at L'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland.

See also

List of North American settlements by year of foundation
History of Canada
Timeline of Canada history
List of years in Canada
Timeline of the European colonization of North America
Norse colonization of North America

References

Further reading 
 

 
Centuries in Canada
Doyle is an unincorporated community in Ripley County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

History
A post office called Doyle was established in 1899, and remained in operation until 1916. The community has the name of Calvin Doyle, a local merchant.

References

Unincorporated communities in Ripley County, Missouri
Unincorporated communities in Missouri
Ubida ramostriellus is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1863. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria.

The wingspan is about 40 mm. The forewings are brown with branching white stripes.

References

Crambinae
Moths described in 1863
Véronique Boiry is the pseudonym of Véronique Cau (born 1948), a French illustrator.

She was born in Toulon and studied at the École nationale supérieure des arts appliqués et des métiers d'art. Since 1972, she has been illustrating youth literature and magazines, especially those of Bayard Presse. She lives in Tournus.

She provided the illustrations for Je ne veux pas aller au tableau, text by Danielle Fossette, which received a Prix Sorcière in 1995.

Selected work 
 Une nuit au grand magasin (2001)
 Le chat de l'empereur de Chine (2002)
 La Grenouille amoureuse (2003)
 Le Magicien se fâche (2003)
 Sur la piste du grand chef (2004)

References 

1948 births
Living people
French illustrators
French women illustrators
French children's book illustrators
Artists from Toulon
People from Tournus
Euphorbia boetica is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae. It is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula.

References

External links

boetica
Plants described in 1860
Flora of Portugal
Flora of Spain
Flora of Gibraltar
Ottavio Compagnoni (11 September 1926 – 29 September 2021) was an Italian cross-country skier who competed in the 1950s. Compagnoni finished 36th in the 18 km event at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo. He was the brother of the skiers Aristide and Severino Compagnoni. He died in Moena in September 2021, at the age of 95.

Select results
 1950: 1st, Italian men's championships of cross-country skiing, 18 km
 1953: 2nd, Italian men's championships of cross-country skiing, 15 km
 1955: 2nd, Italian men's championships of cross-country skiing, 15 km
 1956: 2nd, Italian men's championships of cross-country skiing, 15 km
 1957: 3rd, Italian men's championships of cross-country skiing, 15 km
 1958: 2nd, Italian men's championships of cross-country skiing, 15 km
 1959: 2nd, Italian men's championships of cross-country skiing, 30 km

External links
18 km Olympic cross country results: 1948-52

References 

1926 births
2021 deaths
Italian male cross-country skiers
Olympic cross-country skiers for Italy
Cross-country skiers at the 1952 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 1956 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 1960 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from the Province of Sondrio
Skiers from Lombardy