Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Scientific Knowledge and Its Social Problems is a 1971 book by Jerome Ravetz. It contains a reasoned illustration of science as a social process with all the failing and imperfections of human endeavors.

Content
'It is impossible to understand the social and ethical problems confronting
science without recognizing the falsity of the assumption, crucial to traditional
theories of science, that the results of scientific research must be
essentially good and true. Dr. Ravetz demonstrates the role of choice and
value-judgment, and the inevitability of error, in scientific research'.

Important aspects of the book are the social construction of facts, science as a craft with essential tacit elements, the role of choice and value judgment, and the inevitability of error. The book argues that the internal quality control system of industrialized science will suffer severe problems: "The problem of quality control in science is thus at the centre of the social problems of the industrialized science of the present period." Moore (1973) summarizes the main claims of Ravetz's work are as follows: "First, historically the social character of science has undergone tremendous changes. Secondly, the traditional philosophies of science which conceive of science as an activity in the pursuit of truth are obsolete. And thirdly, it is imperative to develop a new philosophy of science which accounts for the social nature of contemporary science."  Ravetz analyzes the transition from basic science to 'industrialized science', with particular attention of issues of degeneration (shoddy science). He also focuses on entrepreneurial science, where a scientist becomes more concerned with research grants and power than
with the quality of his scientific research.  The need for 'good morale', i.e. for an ethos of science upheld by a community of peers is mentioned in relation to the danger that such an ethos may not survive 'industrialized science'. For Gowing (1974) the main difficulty of this work is the confusion among the different kinds of science addressed by the inquiry: 'natural sciences, pure and applied', versus 'any sort of disciplined inquiry', up to include 'social sciences'.

Reviews
For Higgins "Ravetz best sections deal with science as a craft ... but a craft nonetheless. This science-as-craft cannot be taught independent of its ideology. One learns a craft at a master's knee, as one learns style. What this really means is that students must learn to make judgments about their actions; also about their behaviors, their science, their data." For Rothman (1974) Ravetz elucidates "the processes by which genuine and meaningful scientific knowledge accumulates. These chapters – nine
in all – from the most interesting and useful part of the book. His description of the emergence and refinement of scientific facts is articulated by the argument that science is craftman's work."

References

External links 
Excerpts
Related material
Book's page at Google books

1971 non-fiction books
Books about science
Books by Jerome Ravetz
Epistemology literature
Hector Holthouse (1916 – 1991) was an Australian journalist and author.

Early life 
Holthouse was born on 15 April 1915 in Toowoomba, Queensland.

Career 
While working as a chemist for the Queensland Sugar industry in North Queensland prior to the Second World War, Holthouse became interested in the history of the area. He took up journalism, writing for the Brisbane Telegraph for many years, and lecturing in journalism at the University of Queensland. He wrote a number of popular history books about Queensland, which were published between 1967 and 1991.

Bibliography
 River of Gold: the Story of the Palmer River Gold Rush, Angus and Robertson, 1967, 
 Cannibal Cargoes, Rigby, 1969,  
 Up Rode the Squatter, Rigby, 1970, 
 Cyclone: a Century of Australian Cyclonic Destruction, Rigby, 1971, 
 North Queensland in Colour, Rigby, 1970, 
 Barrier Reef in Colour, Rigby, 1971, 
 Gold Coast in Colour, Rigby, 1971, 
 Gympie Gold - A Dramatic Story of Queensland Gold, Angus & Robertson, 1973,  
 S'pose I Die: the Story of Evelyn Maunsell, Angus & Robertson, 1973, 
 Looking Back: the First 150 Years of Queensland Schools, Queensland Department of Education, 1975, 
 Ships in the Coral - Explorers, Wrecks and Traders of the Northern Australian Coast, MacMillan, 1976, 
 Illustrated History of Queensland, Rigby, 1978, 
 Illustrated History of Brisbane, Reed, 1982, 
 Illustrated History of the Gold Coast, Reed, 1982,  
 Illustrated History of the Sunshine Coast, Reed, 1982, 
 White Headhunter, Angus & Robertson, 1988, 
 The Australian Geographic Book of Cape York, Australian Geographic, 1991, 
 Pages from the Past: some Historical Records of the Holthouse Family, Sybil Holthouse, 1992,

References

1916 births
1991 deaths
20th-century Australian non-fiction writers
The 2019–20 SEC women's basketball season began with practices in October 2019, followed by the start of the 2019–20 NCAA Division I women's basketball season in November. Conference play started in early January 2020 and concluded in February, to be followed by the 2020 SEC women's basketball tournament at the Bon Secours Wellness Arena in Greenville, South Carolina, in March.

Pre-season

Pre-season team predictions

Pre-season All-SEC teams

Coaches select eight players
Player in bold is choice for SEC Player of the Year

Head coaches

Note: Stats shown are before the beginning of the season. Overall and SEC records are from time at current school.

Weekly rankings

Conference matrix

Postseason

SEC tournament

 March 4–8 at the Bon Secours Wellness Arena in Greenville, South Carolina. Teams are seeded by conference record, with ties broken by record between the tied teams followed by record against the regular-season champion.

References

 
Southeastern Conference women's basketball seasons
Bored Panda is a Lithuanian website that publishes articles about "entertaining and amusing news". The majority of its articles are repackaged user-generated content from social media platforms such as Reddit, Instagram and Twitter. It was founded in 2009 by Tomas Banišauskas, who was then a business administration student at Vilnius University. 

As of November 2017, the site had 41 employees. It makes most of its revenue from the advertisements on the site. LRT has described Bored Panda as a "Lithuanian success story".

History 
Bored Panda was founded in 2009 by Tomas Banišauskas, a Vilnius University student studying business administration. According to Banišauskas, there was a "serious offer" to buy the company from a businessperson listed on the "Forbes' 100 rich list".

Popularity 
According to NewsWhip, Bored Panda's Facebook page received over 30 million likes, shares, comments, and reactions in October 2017, more than any other English-language news website that month. Bored Panda also reported that it was viewed by 116 million unique visitors that month. 

In November 2017, Wired reported that the site had flourished despite Facebook cracking down on attention-grabbing clickbait headlines, a change that had made controversial political news much more successful on the platform. Banišauskas has claimed the success of the site is due publishing a small number of higher-quality articles, which are copied from other sites, and avoiding clickbait headlines.

Reception 
Wired contributor Evan Griffith described Bored Panda as "...a throwback to when the Internet was less an addictive, stress-inducing reflection of the ugliness of modern life, and more a place to kill time when we were bored."

References

External links

Internet properties established in 2009
Lithuanian news websites
2009 establishments in Lithuania
English-language websites
Willie the Kid (foaled 1937 in Ontario) was a Canadian Thoroughbred racehorse best known for winning the eighty-first running of the King's Plate, Canada's most important race.

Bred by Willie Morrissey, Willie the Kid got his owner's nickname. He was out of the mare Mintwina, who was also the dam of Morrissey's Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame inductee, Bunty Lawless. He was sired by Roselyon who had sired the 1930 King's Plate winner, Aymond. Roselyon was a son of the 1911 Epsom Derby winner and British Horseracing Hall of Fame inductee, Sunstar.

Willie the Kid raced under the name of Willie Morrissey's  girlfriend, Miss Mildred A. Kane. Trained by Gordon McCann, the oft-injured colt did not race at age two but as a three-year-old won three times in ten starts. In the May 18, 1940 King's Plate he beat a field that included Curwen, the Harry Hatch-owned colt who had been sent off as the betting favorite. The victory marked the first time a female owner won the Plate, and it was the first of six career Plate wins for trainer Gordon McCann.

In the ensuing Prince of Wales Stakes, Willie the Kid again beat third-place finisher Curwen but was second to race winner, Hood. Willie the Kid came out of the race with an injury that ended his racing career. He was retired to stud duty but was not a success.

1937 racehorse births
Racehorses bred in Ontario
Racehorses trained in Canada
King's Plate winners
Thoroughbred family 23-b
The Girl with the Jazz Heart is a 1921 American silent comedy film directed by Lawrence C. Windom and written by Philip Lonergan and George Mooser. The film stars Madge Kennedy, Joe King, Pierre Gendron, William Walcott, Helen Dubois, and Robert Vaughn. It was released on January 7, 1921, by Goldwyn Pictures.

Cast       
Madge Kennedy as Kittie Swasher / Miriam Smith
Joe King as Miles Sprague
Pierre Gendron as Tommie Fredericks 
William Walcott as Miriam's Uncle
Helen Dubois as Miriam's Aunt
Robert Vaughn as Simeon Althoff
Emil Hoch as Detective Quinn
Lillian Worth as Camille
Robert Emmett Tansey as Jimmie 
Dorothy Haight as Mamie

References

External links

Still at gettyimages.com
Still and synopsis at silenthollywood.com

1921 films
1920s English-language films
Silent American comedy films
1921 comedy films
Goldwyn Pictures films
American silent feature films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by Lawrence C. Windom
1920s American films
The following is a list of Kazakhstan women's national rugby union team international matches.

Overall 
Kazakhstan's overall international match record against all nations, updated to 28 May 2023, is as follows:

Full internationals

Legend

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

Other matches

Notes

References 

Kazakhstan
Rugby union in Kazakhstan
Lee W. Graber (born 1946) is an American orthodontist who is the recipient of the Albert H. Ketcham Award in 2012. He also co-authored the textbook Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques  along with his father Thomas M. Graber. He is a past president of World Federation of Orthodontists.

Life
He received his dental degree from University of Michigan School of Dentistry. He also received his master's degree in Anatomy from Michigan Dental School. He then pursued his PhD in growth and development at University of Michigan also. He received his Orthodontic Training at Northwestern University Dental School. Dr. Graber is co-editor of the 6th edition of the textbook Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques. The initial edition of this textbook was written by his late father, Dr. T.M. Graber.

He currently practices at a private practice in Illinois, with his daughter. They have offices in Vernon Hills and Glenview.

Positions and awards
 Illinois Society of Orthodontists, president
 Midwestern Society of Orthodontists, president and trustee
 World Federation of Orthodontists, president, 2000–2005
 WFO's first executive committee, 1995–2000
 American Association of Orthodontists, president
 Albert H. Ketcham Award, 2012
 ISO Merit Awards

References

American orthodontists
Living people
University of Michigan School of Dentistry alumni
1946 births
Godinton (sometimes known as Godinton Park) is a suburb of Ashford, Kent in England, with its stately home Godinton House within its outskirts. 

Godinton is located between Great Chart, Hothfield and the town of Ashford proper.

The Orpington suburb of Goddington is named (indirectly) after the village, as lands near Orpington were owned by Godinton-based Simon de Godyngton in the 13th century.

Demography 

At the 2001 UK census, the Godinton electoral ward had a population of 3,933. The ethnicity was 97.1% white, 0.7% mixed race, 1.6% Asian, 0.3% black and 0.3% other. The place of birth of residents was 93.3% United Kingdom, 0.8% Republic of Ireland, 2.1% other Western European countries, and 3.8% elsewhere. Religion was recorded as 75.5% Christian, 0.4% Buddhist, 0.4% Hindu, 0% Sikh, 0% Jewish, and 0.7% Muslim. 14.7% were recorded as having no religion, 0.5% had an alternative religion and 7.8% did not state their religion.

The economic activity of residents aged 16–74 was 50.4% in full-time employment, 13.8% in part-time employment, 6.8% self-employed, 2.4% unemployed, 2.6% students with jobs, 3% students without jobs, 10.6% retired, 6% looking after home or family, 2.3% permanently sick or disabled and 2% economically inactive for other reasons. The industry of employment of residents was 20.3% retail, 14.7% manufacturing, 8.5% construction, 9.9% real estate, 10.3% health and social work, 6% education, 8.7% transport and communications, 7.2% public administration, 4% hotels and restaurants, 4.2% finance, 0.6% agriculture and 5.6% other. Compared with national figures, the ward had a relatively high proportion of workers in public administration, construction, transport and communications. There were a relatively low proportion in education, agriculture and real estate. Of the ward's residents aged 16–74, 14.8% had a higher education qualification or the equivalent, compared with 19.9% nationwide.

During 2015 a seven-day per week (and evenings) bus service was introduced for the first time. The circuitous G Line links the estate with the town centre, railway station and South Willesborough. Curiously, the route taken through the Estate is one-way which means that one is often, initially, taken further away from the desired destination.

References

Ashford, Kent
Quincy Public Schools (QPS) is a school district that manages schools in Quincy, Massachusetts, USA. The superintendent is Kevin W. Mulvey, It serves a population of approximately 94,470 of whom approx. 11% are school age.

History
The Quincy Public Schools first superintendent was Francis W. Parker. F. W. Parker Elementary School was named after him. In June 2021, South West Middle School was placed into a state program for schools or districts that disproportionately suspend nonwhite students or students with disabilities.

Elementary schools
 Amelio Della Chiesa Early Childhood Center (preschool)
 Atherton Hough Elementary School
 Beechwood Knoll Elementary School
Charles .A. Bernazzani Elementary School
 Lincoln-Hancock Elementary School
 Clifford Marshall Elementary School
 Merrymount Elementary School 
 Montclair Elementary School
 Parker Elementary School
 Snug Harbor Elementary School (elementary and preschool)
 Squantum Elementary School
 Wollaston Elementary School

Middle schools
 Atlantic Middle School
 Broad Meadows Middle School
 Central Middle School
 Point Webster Middle School
 Southwest Middle School

High schools
 Quincy High School
 North Quincy High School

Notable alumni 

 Priscilla Chan
Dick Dale
John Cheever
Ruth Gordon
Robert Burns Woodward

External links
 Official site

References

School districts in Massachusetts
Education in Quincy, Massachusetts
Corry Island is an island  long and  high, lying off the south coast of the Trinity Peninsula between Vega Island and Eagle Island. This is believed to be the feature sighted by a British expedition under James Clark Ross, 1839–43, and named Cape Corry for Thomas L. Corry, a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty. In 1945, the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) charted an archipelago in this area. The present application of this name is in accord with the FIDS "that the name of Corry should be perpetuated on the most conspicuous of these islands as seen from eastward (the direction from which it was seen by Ross)."

See also 
 List of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands

References 

Islands of Trinity Peninsula
Mejiro Gym is a kickboxing gym headquartered in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The gym is considered the "birthplace" of Dutch kickboxing.

History
Mejiro Gym was founded in 1978 by Jan Plas, a Dutch kickboxer who learned kickboxing from Kenji Kurosaki, a Japanese martial artist who founded the original Mejiro Gym in Mejiro, Tokyo. Vos Gym founder Johan Vos and FFC founder Lucien Carbin were among the founding members of Mejiro Gym Amsterdam.

With its well-known fighters including Rob Kaman and  Peter Aerts, Mejiro Gym has become one of the most famous and accomplished kickboxing gyms in the world. Mejiro is regarded as one of the "big three Kickboxing Gyms" in Netherlands, alongside Chakuriki and Vos Gym. Later, the Leeuwarden branch in Friesland, Netherlands was also established.

In 2020, Mejiro Gym opened a new branch in Bali, Indonesia.

Notable fighters

 Peter Aerts
 Ashwin Balrak
 Remy Bonjasky
 Sem Braan
 Lucien Carbin
 Erhan Deniz
 Cédric Doumbé
 Rodney Glunder
 Brice Guidon
 Rob Kaman
 Leo de Snoo
 Andre Mannaart
 Bob Schrijber
 Andy Souwer
 Michael Duut
 Fred Royers
 Dick Vrij
 Maurice Smith

References

External
Official website

1978 establishments in the Netherlands
Kickboxing training facilities
Kickboxing in the Netherlands
Sports venues in Amsterdam
20th-century architecture in the Netherlands
The Luchtvaartdienst Suriname is the Civil Aviation Department of the Suriname Ministry of Transport, Communication and Tourism. It is responsible for the regulation of all aviation activities in the country, and ensures that all activities are carried out in compliance with international standards. It is a member of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).

In April 2010, John Veira, the head of Luchtvaartdienst Suriname, was killed in his home by gunmen.

Airports and Airstrips
Luchtvaartdienst Suriname operates the following domestic airports and airstrips:

References

Government of Suriname
International Civil Aviation Organization
Quảng Uyên is a former district of Cao Bằng province in the Northeast region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 42,544. The district covers an area of 383 km². The district capital lies at Quảng Uyên.

Administrations 
Quảng Uyên district was subdivided to 17 commune-level subdivisions, including Quảng Uyên township and the rural communes of: Bình Lăng, Cai Bộ, Chí Thảo, Đoài Khôn, Độc Lập, Hồng Định, Hạnh Phúc, Hồng Quang, Hoàng Hải, Phúc Sen, Phi Hải, Quốc Phong, Quảng Hưng, Quốc Dân, Tự Do and Ngọc Động.

On February 11, 2020, Quảng Uyên District was consolidated with Phục Hòa district to form the new district of Quảng Hòa.

References

Former districts of Vietnam
Fernando José Silva García (born 16 May 1977) is a retired footballer who played as a forward.

Born in Spain, he has represented the Andorra national team internationally.

Early life
Silva was born in Barcelona, Catalonia to Extremaduran parents and raised in Montijo.

International goals

Scores and results list Andorra's goal tally first.

References

External links
National team data

1977 births
Living people
People from Tierra de Mérida - Vegas Bajas
Footballers from the Province of Badajoz
Andorran men's footballers
Andorra men's international footballers
Spanish men's footballers
Spanish emigrants to Andorra
Naturalised citizens of Andorra
Andorran people of Spanish descent
Men's association football forwards
Tercera División players
FC Andorra players
FC Santa Coloma players
CF Villanovense players
CD Badajoz players
Johann Wilde was an 18th-century German violinist and musical instrument inventor. He is best known for inventing the nail violin in 1740. He is also credited with the introduction of the Chinese sheng mouth organ to the Court of St. Petersburg, Russia.

References

External links
"Nail Violin" Encyclopædia Britannica
Diagnostic Features of Early and Later Wheatstone Concertinas 
Portable Music

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
German violinists
German male violinists
18th-century German inventors
Russian inventors
Sukinda Airstrip, is a private airstrip located at Sukinda in the Jajpur district of Odisha. Nearest airport to this airstrip is Savitri Jindal Airport in Angul, Odisha. It is operated by Tata Steel for emergency medical purposes.

References

Airports in Odisha
Jajpur district
Airports with year of establishment missing
Tata Group
Luis Ortiz González (Madrid, 1932 – 2 February 2006) was a Spanish politician and former Minister of Public Works in the Governments of Adolfo Suarez.

After receiving a degree in law, he became a member of the state body of technical inspectors and later became financial director of the state run Spanish railway company RENFE. In December 1975 he was named Under-Secretary for Commerce and in 1976, Under-Secretary for Public Works, holding that post until 1977 when he resigned in order to seek a nomination for the Spanish Congress of Deputies for the 1977 General Election, the first democratic Spanish election in over 40 years. He withdrew his candidature at the request of Adolfo Suarez, the Prime Minister of Spain, who appointed him Minister for Public Works on 15 April 1977, succeeding Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo. However he was replaced in a reshuffle in July 1977. On 14 June 1978 he was elected President of the Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain) (UCD) for Madrid region but resigned in 1979 after failing to win a nomination to stand in the 1979 General Election. When Calvo Sotelo replaced Suarez as Prime Minister, Ortiz was reappointed Minister of Public Works and Urbanism on 27 February 1981 serving until 2 December 1982.

He finally realised his parliamentary ambitions in the October 1982 General Election when he was elected MP as part of the UCD list, representing Zamora Province. When the UCD disbanded in February 1983, he joined the Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) becoming parliamentary spokesman for the CDS group. He then left the CDS to join the Democratic Popular Party (PDP) and was re-elected in the 1986 General Election for the Popular Coalition, an electoral alliance between the PDP, the Liberal Party and the Popular Alliance (AP). In 1989, the three parties merged to form the current People's Party and in that year Ortiz transferred to the Spanish Senate where he served one term. He returned to the lower chamber, the Spanish Congress at the 1993 General Election and was re-elected in 1996 and 2000 representing Zamora.

References

Members of the 2nd Congress of Deputies (Spain)
Members of the 3rd Congress of Deputies (Spain)
Members of the 5th Congress of Deputies (Spain)
Members of the 6th Congress of Deputies (Spain)
Members of the 7th Congress of Deputies (Spain)
Members of the Senate of Spain
1932 births
2006 deaths
People's Party (Spain) politicians
Politicians from Madrid
Democratic and Social Centre (Spain) politicians
Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain) politicians
The 1922 Tennessee Docs football team (variously "Docs", "UT Doctors" or the "Tennessee Medicos") represented the University of Tennessee College of Medicine in Memphis in the 1922 college football season. The game against Washington University scheduled for Armistice Day was canceled due to a lack of eligible players.

Schedule

References

Tennessee Docs
Tennessee Docs football seasons
College football undefeated seasons
Tennessee Docs football
Hubert Johnston may refer to:
Hubert Johnston (cricketer), Scottish cricketer and solicitor
Hubert Johnston, owner of Wickland (Shelbyville, Kentucky)
Hubert Johnston, in 1952 NFL Draft

See also
Bert Johnston (disambiguation)
Hubert Johnson (disambiguation)
The lipspot moray eel (Gymnothorax chilospilus), also known as the textile moray, white-lipped moray or white-lipped reef eel, is a moray eel found in coral reefs in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. It was first named by Pieter Bleeker in 1864.

It is named for a distinct white spot on the lower lip near the corner of the mouth.

References

External links
 Fishes of Australia : Gymnothorax chilospilus

lipspot moray
Marine fish of Northern Australia
lipspot moray