Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The Battle of Thrissur took place at Thrissur in 1763 between the forces of the Kingdom of Travancore and the Zamorin of Calicut.

Prelude 
Paliath Achan of the Kingdom of Cochin and Maharaja Rama Varma of the Kingdom of Travancore made an alliance to drive out the Zamorin of Calicut  from the territories belonging to the Raja of Kochi. Kingdom of Cochin accepted to cede parts of these territories to Travancore after the conquest.

The battle 
The Travancore army marched forward under the command of the Dalawa Martanda Pillai. On arriving at Paravur, the Travancore commander on the advice of General de Lannoy decided upon a direct attack on Thrissur from two sides. For this purpose the army was grouped, in two divisions, one under Ayyappan Marthanda Pillai and the other under General de Lannoy. The plan was to make a converging attack on Thrissur, the Dalawa marching directly on it while the General was to capture Chetuva and attack it from the north. Thrissur was successfully occupied by Marthanda Pillai's force. The Zamorin's forces at Thrissur were caught within the blades of this scissors; but from this difficult position the ruler of Calicut extricated himself by ordering his garrison at Chetuva to fight desperate rearguard actions in which every inch of territory was resisted. Though the Zamorin's force resisted obstinately for a time, still it was no match to General de Lannoy' s disciplined army and it was therefore compelled to retreating.

Aftermath 
The Calicut forces evacuated the Cochin Territory. Zamorin sued for peace and agreed to indemnify Travancore for the expenses of the war by paying the moderate sum of one hundred and fifty thousand rupees, promising perpetual friendship.

See also 

 Battle of Nedumkotta
 Siege of Chaliyam
 Battle of Colachel

References 

Thrissur
Thrissur
1763 in India
Charles Fraser (c.1823 – 25 August 1886) was a New Zealand minister, educationalist and journalist. He was born in Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire, Scotland in c.1823.

References

1823 births
1886 deaths
New Zealand educators
Writers from Aberdeen
19th-century New Zealand journalists
Male journalists
Scottish emigrants to New Zealand
19th-century male writers
Clergy from Aberdeen
Mark Allinson (born Epping, 1967) is an academic at the University of Bristol, where he is currently associate pro vice-chancellor (learning and teaching). He has previously served as undergraduate dean of arts (faculty undergraduate education director) between 2013 and 2019, head of the School of Modern Languages from 2006 to 2010, and head of the German department between 2003 and 2006.

Allinson studied French and German at the University of Salford, graduating in 1990 when he completed a teacher training course in modern languages at the then Manchester Polytechnic before beginning PhD work on the GDR at University College London under the supervision of Professor Mary Fulbrook. He has lectured in the German Department at the University of Bristol since 1994. He is currently also president of the Bristol Anglo-German Society (BAGS).

Allinson has published a number of books, including Politics and Popular Opinion in East Germany, 1945-68, which, according to WorldCat, is held in 248 libraries and Germany and Austria 1814-2000, which according to WorldCat, is held in 171 libraries.   A more recent publication, Germany and Austria Since 1814, offers a clear 200-page English-language outline of German and Austrian history since 1814, apparently designed for non-historians.

He offers a broad variety of undergraduate and postgraduate courses concerned with the recent history of Germany, the collapse of Communism in Europe and contemporary European politics.

References

Alumni of University College London
Academics of the University of Bristol
Living people
1967 births
Linguists from the United Kingdom
Alumni of the University of Salford
Gary L. Marshall is an American farmer, educator and politician in Idaho. Marshall is a Republican member of Idaho House of Representatives for District 30, seat A.

Early life 
Marshall grew up in Osgood, Idaho. Marshall graduated from Bonneville High School in Idaho Falls, Idaho.

Education 
Marshall earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science and history from Brigham Young University. Marshall earned a certificate in secondary education from BYU. Marshall earned a master's degree in educational administration from BYU.

Career 
As an educator, Marshall was a teacher and administrator at Idaho Falls Public School District. Marshall was a professor, department chair and division chair at Brigham Young University-Idaho's Ricks College. Marshall was a second dean of  College of Education at Brigham Young University-Idaho.

Marshall is a farmer in Idaho.

On November 6, 2018, Marshall won the election and became a Republican member of Idaho House of Representatives for District 30, seat A. Marshall defeated Pat Tucker with 72.6% of the votes.

Personal life 
Marshall's wife is Ramona Marshall. They have seven children. Marshall and his family live in Idaho Falls, Idaho.

References

External links 
 Gary Marshall at ballotpedia.org

Living people
Republican Party members of the Idaho House of Representatives
People from Idaho Falls, Idaho
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American politicians
Maria Isabel Montegriffo, known as Mari Montegriffo ( – 18 August 2022) was a Gibraltarian politician. She was a Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party member of the House of Assembly from 1984 to 2007, the first female Mayor of Gibraltar (1988–95), as well as the Minister of Medical Services and Health and the Minister of Sport in Joe Bossano's administration (both 1988–96).

Career 
Montegriffo attended the Loreto Convent School, where she was head girl. Aged 17, she became personal secretary to Bob Peliza, the Gibraltarian politician who later became Chief Minister and led the Integration with Britain Party. After five years of working with him, in 1970 she moved to London and worked for the National Data Processing Service for four years. In 1974, she returned to Gibraltar to work in shipping for Blands.

Politics 
While she was working for Blands, Montegriffo met Joe Bossano, a member (and future leader) of the Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party. He was impressed by her and encouraged her to stand for election as the shop steward for a private sector union; she was subsequently elected. Despite her uncle, Aurelio Montegriffo (who was an Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights (AACR) member of the House of Assembly) asking her to join his party, she was convinced that it was moving rightwards and in 1980 she joined the GSLP instead. She was elected to its executive council in 1983 and then stood in the 1984 election, becoming the fourth successful candidate with 3,815 votes, which gave her a seat in the House. Bossano made her shadow Minister for Medical and Health Services with an enlarged portfolio covering the environment, sport and computerisation. After the GSLP won the 1988 election, Montegriffo became the Minister for the positions she had shadowed in opposition. In 1988, she was appointed Mayor of Gibraltar by the House of Assembly—the first woman to hold that post—and served until 1996. She remained in the House as a GSLP member until retiring in 2007.

During her tenure in Government, the administration reclaimed land, provided scholarships for further education pupils and privatised utilities companies. As Minister of Sport, Montegriffo allowed schools and communities to use the country's sporting facilities and oversaw the renovation of the Victoria Stadium; in 1995, Gibraltar hosted the Islands Games. As Minister of Health, she refurbished St Bernard's Hospital and expanded the healthcare budget from £8 million in 1988 to £23 million when she left office eight years later. She also abolished private practice by doctors working for the Health Authority and private rooms in St Bernard's were stopped. Doctors had to be registered with the General Medical Council.

Montegriffo died on 18 August 2022, at the age of 72.

References 

Year of birth missing
1950s births
2022 deaths
Mayors of Gibraltar
Members of the Gibraltar Parliament
Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party politicians
Government ministers of Gibraltar
Women government ministers of Gibraltar
20th-century British women politicians
21st-century British women politicians
Simplicivalva morgani is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found on Jamaica.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossulinae
Moths described in 1957
In organic chemistry, episulfides are a class of organic compounds that contain a saturated, heterocyclic ring consisting of two carbon atoms and one sulfur atom. It is the sulfur analogue of an epoxide or aziridine. They are also known as thiiranes, olefin sulfides, thioalkylene oxides, and thiacyclopropanes. Episulfides are less common and generally less stable than epoxides. The most common derivative is ethylene sulfide ().

Structure
According to electron diffraction, the  and  distances in ethylene sulfide are respectively 1.473 and 1.811 Å. The  and  angles are respectively 66.0 and 48.0°.

Preparation

History
A number of chemists in the early 1900s, including Staudinger and Pfenninger (1916), as well as Delepine (1920) studied episulfides.  I 1934 Dachlauer and Jackel devised a general synthesis of episulfides from epoxides using alkali thiocyanates and thiourea.

Contemporary methods
Following the lead of Dachlauer and Jackel, contemporary routes to episulfides utilize a two-step method, converting an olefin to an epoxide followed by thiation using thiocyanate or thiourea.

Episulfides can also be prepared from cyclic carbonates, hydroxy mercaptans, hydroxyalkyl halides, dihaloalkanes, and halo mercaptans.  The reaction of ethylene carbonate and KSCN gives ethylene sulfide:
KSCN + C2H4O2CO -> KOCN + C2H4S + CO2

The metal-catalyzed reaction of sulfur with alkenes has been demonstrated.

Reactions
Common uses of episulfides in both academic and industrial settings most often involve their use as monomers in polymerization reactions.
Episulfides have an innate ring strain due to the nature of three-membered rings.  Therefore, most reactions of episulfides involve ring-opening.  Most commonly, nucleophiles are employed for the ring-opening process.  For terminal episulfide, nucleophiles attack the primary carbon.  Nucleophiles include anionic hydride, thiolates, alkoxide, amines, and carbanions.

Applications
Thiiranes occur very rarely in nature and are of no significance medicinally.

Very few commercial applications exist, although the polymerization of episulfide has been reported.

Dithiiranes
Dithiiranes are three membered rings containing two sulfur atoms and one carbon.  One example was prepared by oxidation of a 1,3-dithietane.

References

Functional groups
Oranienbaum may refer to:

 Germany
 Oranienbaum, Germany, a town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
 Oranienbaum-Wörlitz

 Russia
 Oranienbaum, Russia (), a Russian royal residence
 Lomonosov, Russia (aka Oranienbaum-Lomonosov), the former name of the adjacent town
 Oranienbaum Bridgehead
 Battle of Narva (1944) or Oranienbaum Offensive
The Marshallese records in athletics are maintained by the Marshall Islands' national athletics federation: the Marshall Islands Athletics Federation (MIAF).

Outdoor

Key to tables:
  

ht = hand timing

# = not ratified by federation

OT = oversized track (> 200m in circumference)

Men

Women

Indoor

Men

Women

References

External links

Marshallese
Records
Athletics
Athletics
Alloclavaria purpurea is a coral fungus commonly known as the purple coral, or the purple fairy club. Formerly known as Clavaria purpurea, it has been moved to its own genus as a result of phylogenetic analysis.

Description
The fruiting body of Alloclavaria purpurea is made of numerous slender cylindrical spindles that may grow to a height of , with individual spindles being 2–6 millimeters thick. The color is purple or lavender, although the color fades to tan in older specimens. The spore print is white. It is reportedly edible but insubstantial. Fruit bodies are found in spruce-fir forests.

References

External links

Index Fungorum
Roger's Mushrooms Description

Edible fungi
Fungi described in 1821
Repetobasidiaceae
Taxa named by Elias Magnus Fries
Carl Georg Christoph Beseler (2 November 1809 in Rödemis, now part of Husum – 28 August 1888 in Bad Harzburg) was a Prussian jurist and politician.

Beseler studied law at Kiel and Munich. He was forbidden to teach law in Kiel in 1833 due to his political activity, but he lectured at Göttingen, and Heidelberg. In 1835, he became a professor in Basel, 1837 in Rostock, 1842 in Greifswald and 1859 in Berlin. He was rector of the University of Berlin in 1862–1863, 1867–1868 and 1879–1880.

A liberal nationalist, Beseler was a member of the Frankfurt Parliament where he participated in writing the failed 1849 German constitution. From 1849 to 1852 and from 1857 to 1887 he was a member of the Prussian House of Lords, 1850 of the Erfurt Union Parliament and 1874 to 1877 of the Reichstag.

As a notable "Germanist" opponent of the "Romanists", led by Friedrich Carl von Savigny, Beseler advocated a "people's law" based on Germanic principles as opposed to the Romanists' "jurists' law". The notions of cooperative law and social law later enunciated by Otto von Gierke originate with Beseler. He was also involved in liberalising the codes of civil and criminal procedure, and in crafting the 1851 Prussian criminal code.

Beseler was the father of the general Hans Hartwig von Beseler and the jurist and politician Max von Beseler.

References

External links

1809 births
1888 deaths
People from Husum
People from the Duchy of Schleswig
German Lutherans
National Liberal Party (Germany) politicians
Members of the Frankfurt Parliament
Members of the Prussian House of Representatives
Members of the 2nd Reichstag of the German Empire
Members of the 3rd Reichstag of the German Empire
Members of the 4th Reichstag of the German Empire
Members of the Prussian House of Lords
Jurists from Schleswig-Holstein
University of Kiel alumni
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
Academic staff of the University of Göttingen
Academic staff of Heidelberg University
Academic staff of the University of Basel
Academic staff of the University of Rostock
Academic staff of the University of Greifswald
Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin
Presidents of the Humboldt University of Berlin
19th-century Lutherans
Abraham David Wahrman of Buchach (1770 at Nadvirna – 1840 at Buchach) (Hebrew: אברהם דוד מבוטשאטש), was a Galician Talmudist.

Biography
He began studying Talmud as a boy. When he was ten years old, Zvi Hirsch Karo, the author of Neta' Sha'ashu'im, chose him as a son-in-law. At the age of twenty, he became the rabbi at Yazlovets.

In the Jewish Encyclopedia, Louis Ginzberg and A. Pelginsky dramatically recount his encounter with Hasidism:

The chief event of his life was the struggle awakened in him by the opposition between the Talmud and the Cabala. Unacquainted with the tendencies and modes of life of the Hasidim, Buczacz did not believe in the miracles of their rabbis; and his wife and friends had great difficulty in persuading him to take his sick son to a Hasidic rabbi, Levi Isaac of Berdychev. The latter, however, influenced him to take up the study of the Cabala; but in trying to reconcile these new views—so utterly antagonistic to those of the extreme Talmudists, which he himself had hitherto held—he nearly became insane. The Hasidic rabbi Levi Isaac of Berdychev helped him through this struggle and won him over, to the great joy of the Hasidim, who feared his wide Talmudic learning. Buczacz adopted the Hasidic mode of living; but in his decision of halakic questions was guided, not by kabalistic, but by purely Talmudic, principles.

In 1813 he succeeded his late father-in-law as rabbi of Buchach, and remained in office until his death.

Works
Buczacz is the author of the following works:
 Da'at Kedoshim, to the Shulchan Aruch, Yoreh De'ah, Lemberg, 1870; 2d ed., ib. 1879;
 Dibre Abot, commentary on Pirkei Avoth, ib. 1879;
 Eshel Avraham, annotations to the Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim, ib. 1885;
 Ezer MiKodesh, annotations to the Shulchan Aruch, Even HaEzer 
 Birkat David, cabalistic-haggadic commentary on Genesis, Zolkiev (date 1766, given on title-page, wrong);
 Machazeh Abraham, commentary on the Pentateuch, and Chozeh David, on the other Biblical books, Lemberg, 1871;
 Amarot Tehorot, on the purification of Niddah and vessels, in Yiddish, ib. 1878;
 Tefillah le-David, on benediction and prayer, ib. 1886; Kolomea, 1887;
 Tehillah le-David, on the Psalms, ib. 1872.

References
  
The article cites the following source:
 E. Z. Shmerler, Toledot ha-RABD,'' Lemberg, 1890.

1770 births
1840 deaths
People from Nadvirna
People from Buchach
People from Yazlovets
Ukrainian Orthodox rabbis
19th-century rabbis from the Russian Empire
Orthodox rabbis from Galicia (Eastern Europe)
Polish Orthodox rabbis
Hasidic rebbes
Bernard Elmer Daniels (October 31, 1882 – June 6, 1958) was a major league baseball player from 1910 to 1914.

Daniels' first four years were with the New York club in the American League, called the Highlanders through 1912, and the Yankees from 1913 onward. Daniels played well the first three seasons, hitting .253, .286, and .274. However, in 1913 his batting average dropped to .216, and Daniels was traded to the Cincinnati Reds of the National League, where he also hit poorly (.219) during the 1914 season. In 1915, he played for the minor league Baltimore Orioles in the International League, then from 1916 through 1918, he played for the Louisville Colonels in the American Association.

Daniels served as head coach of the Manhattan Jaspers baseball team from 1931 to 1938, amassing a record of 93–38–1.  He ranks fourth all-time in wins on the Jaspers list.

See also
 List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders
 List of Major League Baseball players to hit for the cycle

References

External links

, or Retrosheet

1882 births
1958 deaths
New York Highlanders players
New York Yankees players
Cincinnati Reds players
Major League Baseball outfielders
Baseball players from Illinois
Notre Dame Fighting Irish baseball players
Baltimore Orioles (International League) players
Louisville Colonels (minor league) players
Manhattan Jaspers baseball coaches
Jackson Convicts players
Douglas Glenn Fisher (born 28 November 1942 in Windsor, Ontario) is a Canadian politician. The son of Mary Waddington Fisher and Clancy Clare Fisher. Fisher graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from Assumption University of Windsor in 1963.  In 1986, he organized the Clancy Fisher Award for Windsor students entering the University of Windsor.  He was married to Christine Purden from 1970 to 1975.  In 1978, he married Barbara Jacob.  The two later divorced.  In 2012, he married Irene DeClute.

He was a Liberal Party member of the House of Commons of Canada from Mississauga North from 1980 to 1984.  He was defeated in the 1984 general election by Progressive Conservative Robert Horner.  He ran unsuccessfully against Horner again  in 1988.

In the House of Commons, he served as the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Finance from 1982 to 1984.  He chaired the Metropolitan Toronto Liberal parliamentary caucus from 1982 to 1984. He was the Canadian Delegate to the Caribbean Development Bank in 1982 and 1983 and he chaired the Subcommittee on Taxation of Artists and Writers in 1984.  

From 1975 to 2005, Fisher owned and operated Cross Canada Books, a distribution company that sold Canadian books to schools and libraries.  Along with geographer John Koegler, he published two books - Canada's Changing Landscape and Canada's Modern Landscape.  

In 2005, he became the manager of the Cabbagetown Business Improvement Area and from 2013 to 2016, he managed the Yonge Bloor Bay Association in Toronto's Yorkville neighbourhood.  He has authored two successful online blogs - the award-winning Cabbagetown News (2007 to 2012) and the Cabbagetown Neighbourhood Review (from 2012).

External links
 

1942 births
Living people
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Politicians from Windsor, Ontario
Chômeur is French for unemployed person. It may also refer to:

 Chômeur, a grammatical term to describe an element of a sentence that has been "demoted"
 Pouding chômeur, a dessert from Quebec
 Tichumaren or Tishoumaren, a style of music in Northern Africa
Orland Fenwick (1822 – 9 December 1897) was Mayor of Melbourne from 1871–1872, after having joined the council in 1865. Born in Gravesend, Kent in England, Fenwick immigrated to Victoria in November 1852, where he ran a retail and wholesale drapery business. Following his term as mayor, he remained on the city council until his death.

References

Mayors and Lord Mayors of Melbourne
1822 births
1897 deaths
People from Gravesend, Kent
English emigrants to colonial Australia
Victoria (state) local councillors
19th-century Australian politicians
Ardekania is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Hans Georg Amsel in 1951 and is known from Iran.

Species
 Ardekania albidiscella Amsel, 1954
 Ardekania farsella Amsel, 1951
 Ardekania sefidella Amsel, 1954

References

Anerastiini
Pyralidae genera
Taxa named by Hans Georg Amsel
Coral bush may refer to various flowering plants:

Ardisia crenata
Ardisia japonica
Jatropha multifida
Templetonia retusa
Cockspur coral bush (Erythrina crista-galli)
Eswatini is home to several languages. Native languages are SiSwati, Zulu, Tsonga, Afrikaans, and English. Recent immigrant languages include Chichewa and Southern Sotho.

National and official languages 
Swazi, a Southern Bantu language, is the national language of Eswatini, and is spoken by approximately 95 percent of Swazis. Swazi and English are the country's two official languages, and proceedings of the Parliament of Eswatini take place in both languages.

Swazi language education is present in all national schools, and literacy in Swati—defined as the ability to read and write the language—is very high in Eswatini. Swazi is also used in mass media.

English is the medium of instruction, and is taught in all public and private schools. Competency in English is a prerequisite for admission into most post-secondary institutions.

Minority and immigrant languages 
A minority of Swazi people, estimated to number 76,000 , speak Zulu, one of the eleven official languages of South Africa. Tsonga, a Tswa–Ronga language and also an official language of South Africa, is spoken by 19,000 Swazis (). Afrikaans, another official language of South Africa and descended from Dutch, is spoken by 13,000 people in Eswatini.

Chewa, an official language of Malawi, and Sotho (Sesotho or Southern Sotho), spoken mainly in Lesotho and the South African province of Free State, are immigrant languages with 5,700 and 4,700 speakers respectively. Shimaore is also an immigrant language and is spoken by 600 inhabitants.

Prior to Eswatini's independence in 1968, French was taught in the colony's three white-only high schools.

See also 
 Languages of Lesotho
 Languages of Mozambique
 Languages of South Africa

Notes

References
Keyvan Vahdani ( 1 April 1991 – 20 March 2019) was an Iranian footballer. He played for Paykan, Nassaji and Pars Jonoubi.

He died in a landslide in Mazandaran Province, Iran, on 20 March 2019 at the age of 27.

References

1991 births
2019 deaths
Iranian men's footballers
Paykan F.C. players
F.C. Nassaji Mazandaran players
Saba Qom F.C. players
Aluminium Arak F.C. players
Deaths in landslides
Men's association football forwards
Place of birth missing