The Holmfirth floods were a number of instances when severe flooding had occurred in the Holme Valley, West Yorkshire, England affecting Holmfirth and other settlements in the valley. The earliest record dates from 1738 and the latest from 1944. The most severe flood occurred early on the morning of 5 February 1852, when the embankment of the Bilberry reservoir collapsed causing the deaths of 81 people. It is recorded as the 23rd most serious, worldwide, in terms of loss of life from floods and landslides in human history.

1738
Rainstorms caused the River Holme to burst its banks and flood the valley. Though there was damage to farmland there was no loss of life.

1777
Following a severe storm on Wednesday 21 July 1777 the River Holme burst its banks and flooded the valley. Three people were drowned and a stone church built in 1476 was swept away.  It was rebuilt the following year with funding from local clothiers.

1821
The River Holme again flooded the valley around Holmfirth, following rainstorms on 21 September 1821, with no loss of life.

1852

The 1852 flood occurred when the embankment of the Bilberry reservoir collapsed, releasing 86 million gallons of water down the River Holme. It caused 81 deaths and a large amount of damage to property in the valley leaving many homeless and without work.  The buildings and structures destroyed included four mills, ten dye houses, three drying stoves, 27 cottages, seven tradesmen’s houses, seven shops, seven bridges crossing the River Holme, ten warehouses, eight barns and stables.

The collapse occurred at about 1.00 am on 5 February 1852 following a period of heavy rain. The story of the flood made the front page of the London Standard newspaper.

An inquest after the disaster concluded that the reservoir was "defective in its original construction" and that "the Commissioners, in permitting the Bilberry reservoir to remain in a dangerous state with the full knowledge thereof, and not lowering the waste pit, have been guilty of great and culpable negligence".

1944
On Whit Monday, 29 May 1944, flash flooding following a severe thunderstorm, caused the deaths of three people in the Holme Valley. Due to reporting restrictions in place because of World War II, it was not widely reported and was overshadowed by the invasion of Normandy a week later. This led to some confusion as to the exact cause of the flood but it was confirmed that Bilberry reservoir was not to blame. It was suggested that the reservoir prevented the flood from being more severe. German prisoners of war, housed in the area, assisted with the rescue of local residents and property. There was extensive damage to properties in the valley: 17 mills, 61 shops and 109 homes were flooded.

Geoffrey Riley (1929–2005), who was aged 14 at the time of the event, was awarded the George Cross in recognition of his attempts to save the life of an elderly woman caught in the flood. The woman and Geoffrey's father, who also tried to save her from drowning, both lost their lives in the flood. Geoffrey was initially awarded the Albert Medal. However, the Royal Warrant was discontinued in 1971 and he exchanged this for the George Cross at Buckingham Palace on 6 March 1973.

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Further reading

 

Holmfirth
Holme Valley
History of West Yorkshire
Disasters in Yorkshire
Floods in England
1738 in England
1738 natural disasters
1777 in England
1777 natural disasters 
18th-century floods
1821 disasters in the United Kingdom
1821 in England
1820s floods
1821 natural disasters
19th-century floods in the United Kingdom
1852 in England
1850s floods
1852 natural disasters
1852 disasters in the United Kingdom
20th-century floods in the United Kingdom
1940s floods
1944 natural disasters
1944 in England
1944 disasters in the United Kingdom
Dam failures in Europe