() is a variety of , or overcoat, in , the traditional Korean attire. It is a form of outerwear which is usually worn as the topmost layer of clothing, over a  (jacket) and  (pants). It also goes by the names  (),  (), or  (),

History 
The origin of  traces back to at least the Three Kingdoms of Korea, where it originated from a long coat worn by the northern Chinese to fend off cold weather in ancient times. This form of  (Chinese robes) was mid-calf in length and had binding which were similar to those used in the . Such form of robes looked similar to the  () which was developed since Shang dynasty. Two unearthed examples of the  can be found in  () BC 206–24 and  () BC 770–476. 

Tomb murals from Goguryeo were primarily painted in two regions, Ji'an () and Pyeongyang, which are the second and third capitals of the Goguryeo from the middle of the 4th to the middle of the 7th centuries respectively. The paintings datings from this period in the region of Jian typically shows the characteristics of the people of Goguryeo in terms of morals and customs while those in  the regions of Pyeongyang would typically show the cultural influence of the Han dynasty, including figures dressed in  attire, as the Han dynasty had governed this geographical region for approximately 400 years.

According to Samuel Lee, the origins of the  can be traced back to the Goguryeo period:

However, what is now known as the  is part of the indigenous attire of the Korean people:

Based on the Goguryeo mural paintings found near Pyeongyang, such as the early 5th century murals from  (), the ancient  worn by the owner of  tomb was red (or purple) in colour:

The  murals show a mixture of elements from before and after the fifth century; the wide-sleeves attire also reflect the characteristics of tomb murals which are found near the Pyeongyang area. The ancient  was also worn with a waist belt and had wide sleeves.

Goryeo 
During the Goryeo period, Mongolian influences caused the  to change in appearance. Not only was the waist belt changed into a , the traditional 's short length and wide sleeves were lengthened and narrowed to the style of the Mongolian coat, , of which the name  is said to be derived.

Joseon period 
During the Joseon dynasty, the  was less worn as an overcoat but more of a housecoat for the noble class, whereas it was worn outdoors by the commoners. In 1884, King Gojong promulgated the unification of clothing for all social classes through reform laws. However, this law was met with much resistance and it was only until ten years later, after the Gabo Reform of 1894, that the  became common as formal attire.

Construction and design 
The  is an overcoat, which is closed all around, lacking side and back vents. It has a straight collar with front overlapping front panels closing to the right, side gores, chest ties, neckband and narrow sleeves; its length is about under the calves and above the ankles. 

Different fabrics and materials are used in making : calico, wool, cotton, and various silks for winter; ramie, fine ramie and silk gauze for summer; various silks and calico for spring and autumn. White, grey and navy blue are commonly used.

Types of durumagi 

There are various types which include the  (),  (),  (),  (), and  () for children.

During the Goryeo era, a unique type of armor, called  () emerged as the main armor for the Korean armies up until the early Joseon period in the 15th century. The opponents of Goryeo weren't heavily armored soldiers of other Koreanic states anymore. The trend shifted towards armor that made units mobile and responsive to a conflict with nomadic Mongolic or semi-nomadic and sedentary Tungusic tribes to the North. The  is a simple overcoat or robe with scale armor inside forming dots on the outside. Commonly these scales are made from leather, or iron, but some of them are shaped like leaves or coated with mercury or black lacquer to make them shine. They're also complete with a (winged) helmet with or without a hohaeg (; ) of lamellar inside to protect their heads and necks.

Modern use 

The  is still considered an important part of traditional attire for formal occasions, but a variety of colours and designs are being used. Colourful  were given as gifts to the world leaders of the 2005 APEC Summit in Busan.

See also 
Dopo
Gonryongpo
Hanbok
Jeonbok
Kkachi durumagi
Po
Sagyusam

References

External links 
 Owner of  tomb wearing a purple (or red)  from the National Museum of Korea
 Korea National Heritage online from the Cultural Heritage Administration
  Hanbok Story

Korean clothing
Jackets