Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The Catholic Church in Cuba is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. Catholics make up approximately half of the population of Cuba.

History

Catholicism has historically been the majority religion since Cuba's colonization. However, Communist Cuba is no exception to the ideological clash between Communism and religion that was common in communist countries. After Fidel Castro's ascent to power in 1959, he imposed restrictions on religious activities such as Christmas celebrations, and in 1962 barred personnel of the Church from joining the Communist Party of Cuba - following a communist tradition of Marxist-Leninist atheism. However, Castro's efforts were not as successful as in traditionally communist countries such as the USSR or China.

When the Cold War ended, such restrictions were lifted and the atheist guidelines outlined in the Cuban Constitution were removed. Catholics have been able openly join the Party since 1990. In 1998 Pope John Paul II made an official visit to Cuba and met Fidel Castro in person. Castro honored the Pope publicly. Pope Benedict XVI visited in 2012, meeting both Fidel and Raúl Castro, as did Pope Francis in 2015.

Current status

The Catholic Church body in Cuba is governed by the Cuban Bishops Conference. There are over six million Catholics - around 60.5% of the total population.  The country is divided into eleven dioceses including three archdioceses.

The Catholic Church in Cuba has taken on a more politically active role than in many other countries. It claims to have engaged in discussion with the government on issues such as political prisoners and free market reforms.

Catholics in Cuba have greater religious freedom than those in other Communist countries such as China, North Korea, and Vietnam.

Structure
 Archdiocese of San Cristóbal de la Habana
 Diocese of Pinar del Río
 Diocese of Matanzas
 Archdiocese of Camagüey
 Diocese of Ciego de Avila
 Diocese of Cienfuegos
 Diocese of Santa Clara
 Archdiocese of Santiago de Cuba
 Diocese of Guantánamo-Baracoa
 Diocese of Holguín
 Diocese of Santísimo Salvador de Bayamo y Manzanillo

See also

 Conference of Catholic Bishops of Cuba
 List of Central American and Caribbean Saints
 Religion in Cuba

References

 
Cuba
Tunni (also known as Af-Tunni) is a Somali language spoken by the Tunni who reside in the Lower Shebelle, Middle Juba, Lower Juba and part of Bay regions in southern Somalia. The language is typically classified among the Digil group of Somali languages. Tunni is distinct from Somali, with a different phonology and sentence structure.

Notes

References

Omo–Tana languages
Languages of Somalia
Phrygionis paradoxata, the jeweled satyr moth or silvery phrygionis, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Achille Guenée in 1858. It is found in North America, including Florida. It is also known from the Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, the Dominican Republic and Dominica.

References

Baptini
William Thomas O'Brien House is a historic home in Durham, Durham County, North Carolina.  It was built about 1890, and is a two-story, Gothic Revival style frame dwelling.  It has a center hall plan and features a one-story wraparound porch, an original embossed tin shingle roof, and projecting bays. It was the home of William Thomas O'Brien, who perfected the Bonsack machine for the W. Duke Sons & Company. The house originally sat on a large tract of land that extended to Rome Street. The property included a servants' house, a smokehouse, and a chicken coop.

The house, located down the street from Immaculate Conception Catholic Church and Immaculata Catholic School, played a significant role in Durham's Catholic community. O'Brien, who was Catholic, invited a priest to perform masses in the home until Immaculate Conception was constructed in 1906 on West Chapel Hill Street, on land that O'Brien deeded to the Church. After O'Brien's death in 1907, his wife moved to South Duke Street. In 1919, a carpenter and interior decorator named Edward J. Long lived in the house.

Located in the Burch Avenue Historic District, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Gothic Revival architecture in North Carolina
Houses completed in 1890
Houses in Durham, North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Durham County, North Carolina
Roman Catholic Diocese of Raleigh
Michael Hogan (31 October 1828 – 19 April 1899) was an Irish poet. He was known as the "Bard of Thomond".

Life
He was born in Thomondgate, County Limerick. His father was a wheelwright and musician, who also made the flutes and fiddles that he played. He and his family experienced some of the ravages of the Great Irish Famine (1845–1848), about which he wrote later in life. In his early years Hogan worked at Russell's Mill, Lock Quay and later in life with Limerick Corporation. In 1858, he married Ann Lynch. They had no known children.

Hogan's first published works appeared in the Anglo-Celt, then in the Irishman, the Nation, the Munster News, and the Limerick Leader. His first volume of works, Lays and Legends of Thomond, was published in Limerick in 1861. A larger edition, under the same name, was published in Dublin in 1867. He then embarked on issuing a series of satirical publications which lampooned prominent figures in the city. They achieved an enormous circulation and caused a great sensation at the time. He continued publishing similar matter until a new version of his Lays and Legends was published in Dublin in 1880. In 1886, he went to the United States, where he stayed for three years.

A life-size statue of Hogan was erected to his memory at King Johns Castle Plaza in Limerick city in 2005.

Further reading
 Frank Hamilton - The bard of Thomond: his life, times and poetry. Fercor Press, 1974
 The Lays and Legends of Thomond at the Internet Archive (www.archive.org)

References

External links
Photo of statue of Michael Hogan

1828 births
1899 deaths
19th-century Irish poets
Writers from Limerick (city)
Flintbek is an Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The seat of the Amt is in Flintbek.

The Amt Flintbek consists of the following municipalities:

Böhnhusen 
Flintbek
Schönhorst 
Techelsdorf

References

Ämter in Schleswig-Holstein
Boloria polaris, the Polaris fritillary, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in northernmost Scandinavia, North America (in northeastern Alaska and northern Canada) and in Greenland. It is also found in northeastern Russia and across the Palearctic to Chukotka. It is one of only six butterfly species found on Canada's Ellesmere Island.

Description

The wingspan is 32–38 mm. A. polaris Bsd. (71e). Similar to the preceding species [ freija], but more variable, the hindwing beneath more variegated, the black median band of the forewing above heavy, deep black, deeply sinuous proximally. In the marginal area regular rows of submarginal spots. The forewing beneath almost as distinctly marked with black as above, but paler. On the hindwing beneath the ground is marked with mother-of-pearl in the basal area and the narrow band which separates the central from the marginal area bears silvery teeth. —In Norway, Finland, Lapponia, in July and August. The butterfly flies from June to August depending on the location.

Biology
The species is characterized by a two-year development. The flight time of butterflies is in late June - mid-July. Butterflies that live in the mountain tundra usually stay near rocky areas. In the meadow tundra, they often feed on astragalus ( Astragalus ), wild rosemary ( Ledum ), dryad ( Dryas ). Females lay eggs singly or in groups of up to 20 eggs on caterpillar food plants. The egg stage lasts just over two weeks. Caterpillars feed on flowers and leaves. They hibernate under stones or moss twice: after hatching and being at the fourth age. Before the first wintering, the caterpillars do not feed. Caterpillar food plants: Dryas octopetala ,'Vaccínium myrtíllus, Vaccínium uliginósum  and Vaccinium sp.

Subspecies 
The following subspecies are recognized:
Boloria polaris erda (central and eastern Siberia)
Boloria polaris kurentzovi (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and Wrangel island in Siberia)
Boloria polaris polaris (northern Scandinavia, Greenland and North America)

Etymology
Polaris (from Latin) - polar.

References

External links
Butterflies of Europe
Butterflies and Moths of North America
Butterflies of Canada
Butterflies of Norway

Boloria
Butterflies of Europe
Butterflies of Asia
Butterflies of North America
Insects of the Arctic
Butterflies described in 1828
The Juyuan railway station () is a railway station on the Chengdu–Dujiangyan Intercity Railway in Chengdu, Sichuan, China. This station has been fully built but no trains currently stop at Juyuan.

See also
Chengdu–Dujiangyan Intercity Railway

References

Stations on the Chengdu–Dujiangyan Intercity Railway
Railway stations in Sichuan
Railway stations in China opened in 2010
South Orange County Community College District (SOCCCD) is a public community college district in Orange County, California. It was founded in 1967 and has three separate campuses: Saddleback College in Mission Viejo, California, Irvine Valley College in Irvine, California and the Advanced Technology & Education Park in Tustin, California. The district is governed by a seven-member elected board of trustees and a chancellor. Located north of San Diego County and stretching from the Santa Ana Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, the district's  service area encompasses the southern half of Orange County.

Board of trustees
The SOCCCD Board of Trustees is composed of seven trustees elected by the registered voters of the communities of south Orange County and one student member elected by the student body of Irvine Valley College and Saddleback College. Trustees, with the exception of the student member, are elected to four-year terms commencing December of the year elected. As terms are staggered, elections are held every two years in connection with the general election. The seven locally elected trustees must reside in one of seven districts.

References

External links
 Official website

California Community Colleges
Universities and colleges in Orange County, California
1967 establishments in California
School districts established in 1967
Ramkinkar Baij (or Ramkinkar)- is an incomplete personality study or documentary on sculptor Ramkinkar Baij created by legendary filmmaker Ritwik Ghatak.  He started creating the film in 1975. The film was almost complete but it still remained unfinished for the death of Ritwik Ghatak.

Film
In July 1975 Ghatak commenced shooting on the sculptor at Shantiniketan for a stretch of four days. The movie is a biographical (personality study) film where Baij has been featured as a political icon too. In the film, Ramkinkar Baij speaks about the problems that he faces in his life. He speaks about how he has shielded his dripping roof with his oil paintings. Ghatak asks him what he is going to do for the show that is coming soon. Ramkinkar answers to this question: "As the paintings are made by oil on canvas water will not do any damage to them. I can pull them out for the show. But my worry is what I will replace them with to stop the rainwater. It costs hundred rupees to buy grass for thatching. It is very expensive.’

Cast and crew
Producer, Director, Screenplay: Ritwik Ghatak
Financial assistance: Mohan Biswas
Photography: Nirmal, Sunil Jana

See also
List of works of Ritwik Ghatak

References

External links
Documentary at Youtube

Documentary films about visual artists
Indian documentary films
1970s unfinished films
Films about sculptors
Isometrus thwaitesi is a species of scorpion in the family Buthidae endemic to Sri Lanka.

Description
Total length is 30 to 50 mm. Manus of pedipalp is very thin. Pedipalps and legs are yellowish, with spots. Fingers and manus of pedipalps are yellowish, and spotted. Mesosomal segments are light-colored. Subaculear tooth is spinoid. There are 13 to 16 pectinal teeth. Hemispermatophore trunk is broad, and short. Capsule region is broad. Flagellum laminiform, short, and basally broadened. Median lobe of hemispermatophore is narrow, and distally truncate, with strong, curved dorsal carina.

References

Animals described in 1897
thwaitesi
Emma Liébel (born Aimée Medebielle; 13 September 1873 – January 1928) was a French chanteuse. She was one of the pioneers of the chanson réaliste style.

Early years

Aimée Medebielle was born in Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France, on 13 September 1873.
Her father, Pierre Medebielle, was a carpenter.
She made her debut as a singer in the southwest of France, under the German-sounding stage name of Emma Liebel, a partial anagram of her real name. 
This name appears on a program from the Nouveautés of Toulouse in 1900.
After the start of World War I (1914-1918) she made the stage name more French by adding an acute accent to the first e, making it "Liébel" rather than "Liebel".

Chanteuse

Emma Liébel moved to Paris, and appeared at Bobino before 1909.
She was one of the pioneers of  the chanson réaliste style in her popular shows, along with Félicia Mallet, Yvette Guilbert and Eugénie Buffet.
Other venues where she sang included L'Artistic, le Brunin, le Casino Montparnasse, le Casino Saint-Martin, Concordia, Éden 2, Fantasio, Fauvette, Kursaal, Libre Échange, Pacra, Petit Casino, Renaissance and Temple.
She performed at Zénith in 1919.
In 1920 she toured North Africa.
During the 1920–26 period she was at the height of her career.
She sang at l'Européen in 1922, at l'Eldorado in 1923, and again at l'Européen in 1925, where she was featured for three months.

Emma Liébel was diagnosed with tuberculosis in 1926.
She retired that year to Boeil Bezing near Nay, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, where she opened a café cabaret.
She died in January 1928.
Different sources give the cause of death as sepsis from a bad scissor cut by her hairdresser or as pleurisy.
She was soon forgotten, perhaps due to the rapid deterioration of her recordings.
Although she had recorded over 33 two-sided discs for Pathé-Frères by 1926, the company's 1931 catalog listed just 11 of them.

Work

Emma Liébel was a highly original artist, celebrated for her work in the chanson réaliste genre, but her range extended from light popular songs to melodramatic works.
She influenced later artists such as Fréhel, Damia and even Édith Piaf.
Her 1911 song Bonsoir m'amour (Good evening, my love) was adapted into the anti-war La Chanson de Craonne by troops during World War I, and was banned by the General Staff.
Emma Liébel made about 200 recordings, including:
Bonsoir m'amour (1911) by Raoul Le Peltier and Adelmar Sablon
Les goélands (1913) by Lucien Boyer
La coco (1916) by Edmond Bouchaud and Gaston Ouvrard
Du gris (1920) by Ernest Dumont and Ferdinand-Louis Bénech
La Violetera (1920) by Eduardo Montesinos and José Padilla
Autour des usines (1922), words by Ernest Dumont, music by Ferdinand-Louis Bénech,
Ma chanson (1923) by Roland Gaël, music by René de Buxeuil
Pars (1924) by Jean Lenoir
Valencia (1926) by J.A. de la Prada (adapted by Lucien Boyer and Jacques-Charles), music by José Padilla
Il m'a vue nue (1926) words by Rip, music by Fred Pearly and Pierre Chagnon
Mon Paris (1925) by Lucien Boyer, Jean Boyer and Vincent Scotto

References
Citations

Sources

 

1873 births
1928 deaths
People from Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques
19th-century French women singers
Hatsina is a village in the Southern Region of Eritrea and has an elevation of 1,958 metres. Hatsina is situated east of Adi Beyani.

References

Villages in Eritrea
Patriarch Pajsije may refer to:

 Pajsije of Janjevo, Archbishop of Peć and Serbian Patriarch from 1614 to 1647
 Pajsije II, Archbishop of Peć and Serbian Patriarch for a short time during 1758
Bob Harlow (October 21, 1899 – November 15, 1954) was a figure in the development of professional golf in the United States.

Early life and education 
Harlow was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts.

Career 
He began his working life as a journalist, before becoming manager of Walter Hagen, then the biggest draw in golf, in 1921. In 1930, he was hired as tournament manager by the PGA of America and he played a key role in establishing a full-time PGA Tour. (The precise date this happened is a matter of interpretation, but money lists are available from 1934 onwards.) He was the first person to propose an idea to expand "The Circuit."

Harlow was a born salesman who went from city to city, convincing local clubs and businesses to support or start tournaments. He came up with ideas like having tournaments all year, having tournament volunteers, and having a PGA merchandise show. He kept the show on the road through the Great Depression. He also managed players such as Paul Runyan, Horton Smith and Ed Dudley. In 1936, he was replaced as tournament manager by Fred Corcoran as the PGA felt he had a conflict of interest, acting as agent for certain players while running a tour that was expected to treat all its members equally. He went on to found Golf World magazine in 1947, and was involved in other ventures, such as promoting professional tennis events. In 1988, he was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame.

References

External links

Golf administrators
World Golf Hall of Fame inductees
Professional tennis promoters
1899 births
1954 deaths
Bopolu is an impact crater located within the Meridiani Planum extraterrestrial plain of Mars. Bopulu was seen by Opportunity rover in 2010 in the distance, and with some of its rim visible. Bopoplu was officially named in 2006 along with 31 Mars craters.  Research has indicated that the impact that is thought to have created Bopulu went so deep that it went through existing layers and ejected older material from Mars' Noachian period. Bopulu is a  diameter wide crater south of the Opportunity MER-B landing site, a rover which operated in the region starting in 2004 and therefore resulted in greater exploration and study of craters in this region. Bopulu was identified as a possible source for the Bounce Rock ejecta fragment Bounce rock, which was examined by the MER-B rover, was found to be similar in composition to the shergottite class of Mars meteorite found on Earth (Meteorites found on Earth determined to be from Mars).

Bopulu is said be younger than the Burns Formation that predominates in the area. Bopolu has been studied, along with Tooting crater, to try and better understand the geology of Endeavour crater which MER-B rover reached and could explore in situ.

Bopolu is named for a town in nation of Liberia (see Bopolu, Africa); the name was approved by the IAU in September 2006. Bopolu crater has a feature ID of 14185.

Context map

See also
List of craters on Mars
Geography of Mars
List of craters on Mars: A-G
Craters in the area:
Endeavour (crater) (visited by MER-B)
Iazu (crater)
Miyamoto (crater)
ExoMars Schiaparelli EDM lander

References

External links
NASA Rim of Bopolu Crater Far to the Southwest of Opportunity 03.24.10
HiRise Dune Monitoring in Bopolu Crater
Merged RGB
Flow Ejecta of Prominent Crater in Meridiani Planum
Bopolu Crater Ejecta and Southeast Rim of Miyamoto Crater
PDF Maps of Mars: Bopolu, Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Impact craters on Mars
Arabia quadrangle
Constance Debré, born in 1972, is a French lawyer and novelist.

Biography
Constance Debré's parents were journalist François Debré (1942–2020) and former model Maylis Ybarnégaray (1942–1988); the judge and politician Jean-Louis Debré is her uncle. Her grandparents included Michel Debré (1912–1996), former Prime Minister under General de Gaulle, and Jean Ybarnégaray (1883–1956), a minister of the Vichy regime and resistance fighter.

She was 16 when her mother died. She studied at Lycée Henri-IV, then law at Panthéon-Assas University. She is also a graduate of class 99 (E99) of the ESSEC Business School. She married in 1993 and had a son in 2008. 

Working as a defence lawyer, she accompanied her father in 2011 when he was charged in an inquiry into fictitious jobs at the town hall of Paris. In 2013, she was elected second secretary of the Conference of Lawyers of the Paris Bar. 

In 2015, she left her husband and her job to live with a woman and pursue a full-time career as a writer.  In 2018, she won the  for her autobiographical novel Play Boy, which describes the aftermath of this fateful decision: the custody battle over her son, and its associated pressures to conform to a "bourgeois" family model with a same-sex partner. It formed the first book in a trilogy.

Books 
 Un peu là, beaucoup ailleurs, Monaco-Paris, France, Le Rocher, 2004, , Prix Contrepoint, 2005
 Manuel pratique de l'idéal. Abécédaire de survie, Monaco-Paris, France, Le Rocher, 2007, 
 Play Boy, Paris, Éditions Stock, 2018, 
 Love me tender, Paris, Éditions Flammarion, 2020, 
Translated into English by Holly James, 2023, 
 Nom, Paris, Éditions Flammarion, 2022, 
 Offenses, Paris, Éditions Flammarion, 2023,

References 

Living people
1972 births
21st-century French novelists
French lesbian writers
21st-century French women lawyers
Lycée Henri-IV alumni
Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas University alumni
ESSEC Business School alumni
Restrictive dermopathy (RD) is a rare, lethal autosomal recessive skin condition characterized by syndromic facies, tight skin, sparse or absent eyelashes, and secondary joint changes.

Mechanism 
Restrictive dermopathy (RD) is caused either by the loss of the gene ZMPSTE24, which encodes a protein responsible for the cleavage of farnesylated prelamin A into mature non-farnesylated lamin, or by a mutation in the LMNA gene.  This results in the accumulation of farnesyl-prelamin A at the nuclear membrane.  Mechanistically, restrictive dermopathy is somewhat similar to Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), a disease where the last step in lamin processing is hindered by a mutation that causes the loss of the ZMPSTE24 cleavage site in the lamin A gene.

Diagnosis

Treatment

See also 
 Relapsing linear acantholytic dermatosis
 List of cutaneous conditions
 Lamellar ichthyosis – Possible differential diagnosis

References

External links 

Autosomal recessive disorders
Genodermatoses
Progeroid syndromes
Rare diseases
Gül Gölge (born September 28, 1981 in İzmir, Turkey) is a Turkish TV presenter. She is the well-known for being the former host of the program Canlı Canlı which aired on Kanal D. She is also a model and actress, having acted in Çiçek Taksi, Yapayalnız and Köpek among others dramas and soaps. She was runner-up at the Miss Turkey pageant in 1997.

Gül finished her secondary education at Özel Türk Koleji in İzmir and went for higher education to Istanbul. She graduated from Istanbul Bilgi University with a bachelor's degree in Film and Television.

References
 Who is Who database - Biography of Gül Gölge

External links

1981 births
Living people
People from İzmir
Turkish film actresses
Turkish television presenters
Turkish female models
Istanbul Bilgi University alumni