Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Hot Spot is a science fiction board wargame published by Metagaming Concepts in 1979 that simulates the battle for possession of a molten planet.

Description

Setting
Chiros is a hot planet currently being mined for energy by the Ziegler Corporation using floating platforms called "crustals" that drift about on the molten surface of the planet. A group of rebels called the Technocrats arrives in force to seize the mining operation from Ziegler Corp.

Gameplay
Hot Spot is a 2-player wargame in which one player controls the Ziegler Corporation forces, and the other player controls the Technocrats.

The Ziegler player sets up forces on 14 "crustal" platforms. Most of these drift about, but the largest crustal in the center of the map does not move.

The Technocrats arrive via Attack Platforms; however, these are not designed for the heat of the planet and break apart after four turns, spilling all occupants into the lava. Before that happens, each Attack Platform must take control of a crustal in order to offload the soldiers safely.

Victory conditions
The Technocrat player wins by taking control of the large central crustal with an engineering squad. The Ziegler player wins by preventing this.

Publication history
In 1977, Metagaming Concepts pioneered the microgame, a small and relatively simple solitaire or two-person wargame packaged in a ziplock bag. Over the next five years, the company produced almost two dozen games in their MicroGame series. Hot Spot was the 15th game in the series, designed by W.G. Armintrout and published in 1979.

Armintrout got the idea for the game's setting from two sources: a piece of artwork for the story "Collision Course" on the cover of the July 1972 issue of Analog that showed a mountain rising above a sea of lava; and a children's game he used to play with his sister that featured a rotating plastic mountain.

Reception
In Issue 29 of The Space Gamer, American game designer Steve Jackson liked the game, saying "On the whole, it's a good game — easily the best MicroGame to appear recently. If you like SF tactical games, buy it."

In the October 1980 issue of Fantastic, game designer Greg Costikyan wrote that the game "shows that all hope for Metagaming is not lost; they're still capable of producing excellent work ... Well worth getting."

In Issue 27 of Simulacrum, Brian Train noted, "On the face of it, this is an interesting situation, combining constraints of numbers, strength, mobility and time." Train found the game was relatively simple, except for the rules concerning the crustals' movement, collisions and damage taken. However, he found the simple victory condition "tends to stereotype play."

In a retrospective review in Issue 35 of Warning Order, Matt Irsik commented  that Hot Spot was "Probably the last of the 'good' MicroGames before a wave of mediocrity hit the series." He called the game "A very interesting concept and game system" and concluded "Not a great game, but definitely good sci fi and fun for a few hours."

References

Board games introduced in 1979
Metagaming Concepts games
Science fiction board wargames
Wargames introduced in 1979
Facing the Music is a 1941 British comedy film directed by Maclean Rogers and starring Bunny Doyle, Betty Driver, Chili Bouchier and H. F. Maltby. The film's sets were designed by the art director R. Holmes Paul.

Plot
An incompetent man struggles to hold down a series of jobs.

Cast
 Bunny Doyle as Wilfred Hollebone
 Betty Driver as Mary Matthews
 H. F. Maltby as Mr. Bulger
 Chili Bouchier as Anna Braun
 Wally Patch as Briggs
 Gus McNaughton as Illusionist
 Ruby Miller as Gloria Lynn
 Eliot Makeham as Secretary
 Gordon McLeod as Mr. Kelly

References

External links

1941 films
1941 comedy films
Films directed by Maclean Rogers
British comedy films
British black-and-white films
1940s English-language films
1940s British films
English-language comedy films
Butcher's Film Service films
Melvin Howard Miller (July 24, 1939 – March 8, 2019) was an American lawyer and politician.

Life
Miller was born on July 24, 1939, in Brooklyn, New York City. He graduated from Brooklyn College in 1961 and the New York University School of Law in 1964. Following his admission to the New York bar later that year, he became a member of the New York County Lawyers Association. He also taught at the CUNY Graduate Center and at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice.

He was a Democratic member of the New York State Assembly representing Kings County from 1971 to 1991, and sat in the 179th, 180th, 181st, 182nd, 183rd, 184th, 185th, 186th, 187th, 188th and 189th New York State Legislatures. He was Speaker from 1987 to 1991. He was responsible for the Fiscal Reform Act of 1990.

Conviction
Upon being convicted on 8 out of 19 felony charges in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, he lost the speakership on December 13, 1991 and was replaced by majority leader James R. Tallon as acting speaker until the election of Saul Weprin to the speakership on December 16, 1991.

In the case, which did not involve his work in government, Miller and his Assembly aide and onetime law partner, Jay Adolf, were charged with cheating legal clients out of some of the profits from investments in cooperative apartments. They acknowledged receiving a total of about $250,000 in three deals, but denied defrauding clients. The jury convicted each defendant of six charges of fraud, one of conspiracy and one of using an assumed name, all involving one scheme to secretly buy and resell eight apartments in a Brooklyn building. The jury found that they had deprived their clients of the right to buy the apartments and receive the profits.

Under New York State law, any member of the state legislature convicted of a felony is automatically expelled. Miller immediately lost his seat in the Assembly and position as speaker.

Reversal
In 1993, Miller's convictions were overturned on appeal.

Later career
He was widely recognized as an authority on public finance and the state budgetary process, and as one of the founders of Bolton St Johns, he served as senior consultant to the firm.

Death
He died in Manhattan from lung cancer on March 8, 2019.

Sources

1939 births
2019 deaths
Brooklyn College alumni
Deaths from lung cancer in New York (state)
New York University alumni
Speakers of the New York State Assembly
Democratic Party members of the New York State Assembly
Politicians from Brooklyn
The Tuoba dynasty generally refers to the Northern Wei dynasty (386–535) of China, which was ruled by the Tuoba clan (later renamed the Yuan clan) of Xianbei ethnicity.

Tuoba dynasty may also refer to other dynasties ruled by the Tuoba (Yuan) clan:
Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms) (310–376), whose rulers were ancestors to Northern Wei monarchs
Eastern Wei (534–550), one of the short-lived successor states of the Northern Wei
Western Wei (535–557), one of the short-lived successor states of the Northern Wei

See also
Western Xia (1038–1227), a Tangut-led Chinese dynasty whose rulers claimed to be descendants of the Tuoba clan
Salvatore Parlato (born 28 August 1986) is an Italian basketball player for Sidigas Avellino of the Lega Basket Serie A (LBA). Standing at 1.96 m (6 ft 5 in), he usually plays as guard.

Professional career
On 7 December 2016, at age 30, Parlato scored 5 points in a Basketball Champions League game versus Mega Leks, which were his first points in a European competition.

References

1986 births
Living people
S.S. Felice Scandone players
Italian men's basketball players
Lega Basket Serie A players
Shooting guards
People from Avellino
Sportspeople from the Province of Avellino
Events

Publications

Births 
 January 28 - Roberto Ardigò (died 1920)
 May 26 - Boris Chicherin (died 1904)
 July 12 - Nikolay Chernyshevsky (died 1889)
 September 28 - Friedrich Albert Lange (died 1875)
 October 16 - Nikolay Strakhov (died 1896)
 October 28 - Joseph Dietzgen (died 1888)

Deaths

References

Philosophy
19th century in philosophy
Philosophy by year
David Ludwig (born 24 December 1957) is an American endocrinologist and low-carbohydrate diet advocate in Boston, Massachusetts.

Education
Ludwig received a PhD and an MD from Stanford University School of Medicine. He completed an internship and residency in pediatrics and a fellowship in pediatric endocrinology at Boston Children's Hospital.

Career
Ludwig is a professor of pediatrics at the Harvard Medical School and a professor of nutrition at the Harvard School of Public Health. Ludwig is also the Director of the New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center Boston Children's Hospital. He has published several studies about the causes of obesity in children and adults, and attracted attention for his recommendation that severely obese children be removed from the custody of their parents. He is a paid associate editor of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition and a research editor of The BMJ.

Ludwig is the author of the low-carbohydrate diet book Always Hungry?, Always Delicious, Retrain Your Fat Cells, and Lose Weight Permanently, published in 2016. He was a speaker at Low Carb Denver in 2019.

He is a proponent of the carbohydrate–insulin model of obesity.

Selected publications

Always Hungry?: Conquer Cravings, Retrain Your Fat Cells, and Lose Weight Permanently (2016)
Always Delicious: Over 175 Satisfying Recipes to Conquer Cravings, Retrain Your Fat Cells, and Keep the Weight Off Permanently (2018)
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See also

Gary Taubes
Hereditary factors in childhood obesity

References

External links 

1957 births
21st-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American physicians
American endocrinologists
American nutritionists
Harvard Medical School faculty
Living people
Low-carbohydrate cookbook writers
Low-carbohydrate diet advocates
Obesity researchers
Stanford University alumni
Garra gracilis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Garra.

References 

Garra
Taxa named by Jacques Pellegrin
Taxa named by Pierre Chevey
Fish described in 1936
Three Lock Box is the seventh studio album by the American rock vocalist Sammy Hagar, released on December 6, 1982 by Geffen Records. This album has appearances by Loverboy's Mike Reno, Journey's Jonathan Cain and Mr. Mister's Richard Page. It peaked at number 17 on the Billboard 200 album charts on April 9, 1983. His only top 20 solo hit, "Your Love Is Driving Me Crazy", reached #13 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1983 and #3 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock songs chart.

Song information
 The lyrics to the title track presented a story with a more philosophical bent: "It's got to do with deep sea diving, when you look for a buried treasure. The ultimate treasure would be a sunken treasure with three locks on it, because that means it was the most valuable stuff that the queen had on that ship. And you need three different guys with keys to open it, that way no one could steal it. So a 'Three Lock Box' to me is within yourself. If you unlock the treasure of your physical, and your mental and your spiritual potential - those three in balance - you are a real human being and almost godly."

Track listing

Personnel

Band
 Sammy Hagar – lead vocals, guitar 
 Gary Pihl – guitar
 Bill Church – bass
 David Lauser – drums

Guests
 Jonathan Cain – keyboards and backing vocals on "Remember the Heroes"
 Mike Reno – vocals on "Remember the Heroes"

Additional personnel
Alan Pasqua – keyboards
Patrick Gleason – sound effects
Richard Page – additional backing vocals
Tom Kelly – additional backing vocals

Singles 
 "Your Love Is Driving Me Crazy" b/w "I Don't Need Love" - US (Geffen 7-29816)
 "Your Love Is Driving Me Crazy" b/w "I Don't Need Love" - Spain (Geffen GEF A-3043)
 "Your Love Is Driving Me Crazy" b/w "I Don't Need Love" - Holland (Geffen A-3043)
 "Your Love Is Driving Me Crazy" b/w "I Don't Need Love" - US (Geffen PRO-A-1086)
 "Never Give Up" b/w "Fast Times At Ridgemont High" - US (Geffen 7-29718)
 "Never Give Up" b/w "Rise of the Animal"/"Three Lock Box" - US (Geffen PRO-A-2008)

Releases
 Geffen Records (US LP): GHS 2021
 Geffen Records (Japan): 25AP 2485
 Geffen Records (Holland): GEF 25254
 Geffen Records (US CD): 2021-1
 MCA Victor (Japan): MVCG-21005

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

External links
 Track listing and lyrics from Hagar's official site

References

1982 albums
Sammy Hagar albums
Albums produced by Keith Olsen
Geffen Records albums
Trzemeszno Lubuskie  () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sulęcin, within Sulęcin County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It lies approximately  east of Sulęcin,  south of Gorzów Wielkopolski, and  north of Zielona Góra. The village has a population of 700.

History 
In the course of the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, the village, under the Germanized name of Schermeisel, was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia and from 1815 incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Posen. In 1816, after a border adjustment, it became part of the Prussian Province of Brandenburg. From 1871 to 1945, Schermeisel belonged to Germany. After World War II, with the implementation of the Oder-Neisse line the village was returned to Poland.

External links 
 Jewish Community in Trzemeszno Lubuskie on Virtual Shtetl

References

Trzemeszno Lubuskie
Luqiao may refer to the following places in China:

Luqiao District (路桥区), Taizhou, Zhejiang
Luqiao, Dingyuan County (炉桥镇), town in Dingyuan County, Anhui
Luqiao, Weishan County, Shandong (鲁桥镇), town in Weishan County, Shandong
Luqiao, Sichuan, town in Garze Prefecture, Sichuan
Callidina is a genus of freshwater rotifers in the family Adinetidae.

References

External links 

 
 Video of Callidina multispinosa at youtube

Bdelloidea
Rotifer genera
Taxa named by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
In statistics, extensions of Fisher's method are a group of approaches that allow approximately valid statistical inferences to be made when the assumptions required for the direct application of Fisher's method are not valid. Fisher's method is a way of combining the information in the p-values from different statistical tests so as to form a single overall test: this method requires that the individual test statistics (or, more immediately, their resulting p-values) should be statistically independent.

Dependent statistics

A principal limitation of Fisher's method is its exclusive design to combine independent p-values, which renders it an unreliable technique to combine dependent p-values. To overcome this limitation, a number of methods were developed to extend its utility.

Known covariance

Brown's method

Fisher's method showed that the log-sum of k independent p-values follow a χ2-distribution with 2k degrees of freedom:

 

In the case that these p-values are not independent, Brown proposed the idea of approximating X using a scaled χ2-distribution, cχ2(k’), with k’ degrees of freedom.

The mean and variance of this scaled χ2 variable are:

 
 

where  and . This approximation is shown to be accurate up to two moments.

Unknown covariance

Harmonic mean p-value 

The harmonic mean p-value offers an alternative to Fisher's method for combining p-values when the dependency structure is unknown but the tests cannot be assumed to be independent.

Kost's method: t approximation 

This method requires the test statistics' covariance structure to be known up to a scalar multiplicative constant.

Cauchy combination test 

This is conceptually similar to Fisher's method: it computes a sum of transformed p-values. Unlike Fisher's method, which uses a log transformation to obtain a test statistic which has a chi-squared distribution under the null, the Cauchy combination test uses a tan transformation to obtain a test statistic whose tail is asymptotic to that of a Cauchy distribution under the null. The test statistic is:

 

where  are non-negative weights, subject to . Under the null,  are uniformly distributed, therefore  are Cauchy distributed. Under some mild assumptions, but allowing for arbitrary dependency between the , the tail of the distribution of X is asymptotic to that of a Cauchy distribution. More precisely, letting W denote a standard Cauchy random variable:

 

This leads to a combined hypothesis test, in which X is compared to the quantiles of the Cauchy distribution.

References

Multiple comparisons
S.P.I.T. or sometimes simply called SPIT is a methodology developed by Drs. Mark and Jane Shellhammer, is a specific way of learning musical improvisation. The letters S.P.I.T. is an acronym for Scale, Pattern, Inversion, and Triad and usually pertains to the first four chord types which include Major 7, Dominant 7, Minor 7, and Half-Diminished expressed in all twelve key signatures. The use of SPIT methodology involves matching the scale, pattern, inversion, and triad to the key signature of the song that requires improvisation. The methodology allows the musician to scan the SPIT page that matches the key signature of the song for improvisational embellishments that can be applied during rests or whole notes in the melody.

References

Music education
Musical techniques
Pruvotina is a genus of cavibelonian solenogasters, shell-less, worm-like marine mollusks in the subfamily Pruvotininae of the family Pruvotinidae.

Species
 Pruvotina artabra Zamarro, Garcia-Alvarez & Urgorri, 2013
 Pruvotina bathyalis Pedrouzo, García-Álvarez & Urgorri, 2022
 Pruvotina cryophila (Pelseneer, 1901)
 Pruvotina gauszi Salvini-Plawen, 1978
 Pruvotina glandulosa Pedrouzo, García-Álvarez & Urgorri, 2022
 Pruvotina harpagone Pedrouzo, García-Álvarez & Urgorri, 2022
 Pruvotina impexa (Pruvot, 1890)
 Pruvotina longispinosa Salvini-Plawen, 1978
 Pruvotina manifesta Zamarro, Garcia-Alvarez & Urgorri, 2013
 Pruvotina megathecata Salvini-Plawen, 1978
 Pruvotina pallioglandulata Salvini-Plawen, 1978
 Pruvotina peniculata Salvini-Plawen, 1978
 Pruvotina praegnans Salvini-Plawen, 1978
 Pruvotina providens Thiele, 1913
 Pruvotina uniperata Salvini-Plawen, 1978
 Pruvotina zamarroae Pedrouzo, García-Álvarez & Urgorri, 2022

References

 García-Álvarez O., Salvini-Plawen L.v., Urgorri V. & Troncoso J.S. (2014). Mollusca. Solenogastres, Caudofoveata, Monoplacophora. Fauna Iberica. 38: 1-294

External links
 Cockerell, T. D. A. (1903). Some homonymous generic names. The Nautilus. 16(10): 118
 Pruvot G. (1890). Sur quelques Néoméniées nouvelles de la Méditerranée. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale (2)8: notes, xxi-xxiv

Pruvotinidae
Fazekas Mihály Gimnázium may refer to:

 Fazekas Mihály Gimnázium (Budapest)
 Fazekas Mihály Gimnázium (Debrecen)
Robin Brownlee is a Canadian hockey writer and columnist.  He covered the Edmonton Oilers of the National Hockey League for the Edmonton Journal and the Edmonton Sun from 1989 to 2007 and later for Canadian Press and NHL.com. He appeared regularly on TSN 1260 sports radio as co-host of the Jason Gregor Show from 2009 to 2018. Brownlee wrote for the Edmonton Journal from 1989 to 2000 and for the Edmonton Sun from December 2000 until January 2007 as the newspaper's senior hockey writer. Brownlee currently writes for OilersNation. Since 2019, he has co-hosted The Outsiders podcast weekly with broadcast veteran Bryn Griffiths in Edmonton.

References 

1958 births
Living people
Canadian male journalists
Canadian male non-fiction writers
Canadian sportswriters
Journalists from Alberta
Writers from Edmonton
François Fidèle  Ripaud de Montaudevert (1755–1814) was a French privateer, notable for bringing a group of volunteers from Isle de France (Mauritius) to aid Tipu Sultan in his resistance against the British.

Biography
François Ripaud was born in Saffré, northwestern France, in a middle-class family. He enrolled as a sailor at aged 11, on the Le Palmier. In 1770, he reached Mauritius, where he married in 1784. He had two children.
In 1797, he sailed from Mauritius to Mangalore and sought a meeting with Tipu Sultan, in which he promised to raise a large force in Mauritius for the Sultan. In 1798, Ripaud came back to Mauritius with two envoys from Tipu Sultan. Anne Joseph Hippolyte de Maurès, Governor-General of Île de France (Mauritius) made a proclamation, on 29 January 1798, seeking volunteers for an “expedition to travel to Mysore to assist Tipu in his resistance to British encroachment in south India”.  Approximately 100 men were recruited, and they left for Mangalore on the French frigate La Preneuse on 7 March 1798.

The French involvement provided Governor-General Richard Wellesley with the pretext to invade Mysore, which culminated in the death of Tipu in May 1799.

References

Bibliography
 À la mer, en guerre. Jean Feildel, 1965.
 Ces Hommes de la Mer. Marcelle Lagesse, IPC Edition, .
 Voyages, aventures et combats, Chapter 14. Louis Garneray, Paris, Éditions Phébus, 1984 ; Rééd. Payot, 1991.

1755 births
1814 deaths
French privateers
Edith Howland (1863–1949) was an American sculptor.

Born in Auburn, New York, Howland studied with Gustave Michel, Daniel Chester French, and Augustus Saint-Gaudens; she received an honorable mention at the Paris Salon of 1913. She was a member of the Art Students League of New York, the National Sculpture Society, and the National Association of Women Painters and Sculptors. One of her works is in the collection of the Brooklyn Museum. She also created garden sculpture, and donated a piece to Brookgreen Gardens in 1940.

References

1863 births
1949 deaths
20th-century American sculptors
20th-century American women artists
Artists from Auburn, New York
Sculptors from New York (state)
20th-century American women sculptors
Agnippe abdita is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Utah, Arizona and California.

The wingspan is 8.5–9 mm. The forewings are white dusted with dark fuscous, the lightly dusted areas forming defined markings, contrasting with the heavily dusted and blackish areas. A lightly dusted irregular stripe runs along the dorsum from the base to the tornus, at the basal third sending a blunt lobe to the fold. There is a sharper lobe before the tornus, and just beyond the tornus ending in an outwardly oblique whitish streak which nearly meets the apex of an outwardly oblique costal streak. Below the fold, just before and behind the blunt lobe of the dorsal stripe, the wing is black. The hindwings are silvery. Adults have been recorded on wing in March.

The larvae feed on Cercocarpus ledifolius and Cercocarpus montanus. They spin a web on the host plant, usually from a small side shoot to the underside of a larger leaf. After that, they mine a leaf from under this web. Pupation takes place in a thin silken cocoon. Larvae can be found in March in southern California and in June in eastern California and Utah.

References

Agnippe
Moths described in 1925
Moths of North America
José Rolando Torres Mendoza (born 21 December 1982 in Jocoro, El Salvador) is a Salvadoran professional footballer who played as a defender.

Club career
Torres came through at local side Atlético Morazán and has played professionally for Fuerte San Francisco of the Salvadoran Third Division. He then had a couple of years at the country's top level, with  Águila and Alianza, before joining Municipal in 2009. He rejoined Águila for the 2012 Clausura.

International career
Torres made his debut for El Salvador in an October 2006 friendly match against Panama and has earned a total of 13 caps, scoring no goals. He has represented his country at the 2007 UNCAF Nations Cup and was a non-playing squad member at the 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup.

His final international game was an August 2008 friendly match against Trinidad & Tobago.

References

External links

1982 births
Living people
People from Morazán Department
Men's association football defenders
Salvadoran men's footballers
El Salvador men's international footballers
2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
C.D. Águila footballers
Alianza F.C. footballers

es:José Mendoza Posas