Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Nayadikali (literally means hunting dance) is a traditional folk art form that exists among the Panan community of the Valluvanad region (present-day Palakkad, Thrissur districts) in Kerala, India. It is usually performed ahead of the Pooram festival at the Devi temples in the region, for the good and prosperity of the people and region.

Performance
Nayadikali is a folk art form propagated since ancient times for the good and prosperity of the region. Ahead of the Pooram festival at the Devi temples, Nayadikali groups roam around homes in the region. Dressed up as people who go hunting in the forest, the Panan community goes from house to house and sings and plays. There are usually one to five people in a group. Their musical instruments used are two bamboo sticks, one will be long and the other will be short. The folk song is sung by holding the long stick in the left armpit and tapping it with a short stick.

They come wearing unique clothes on top of the mundus wrapped around their waists, with another mundu tied on their heads and painted different colors on their bodies. There will also be a cloth bag on the shoulder. They also carry a small wooden statue in their hand, called Ittingalikutty. This statue is placed in the courtyard and danced around it by beating the stick to and fro. They usually sing hunting related songs along with it. There is also a habit of making up own songs and singing them on the spot.

After the Nayadikali, rice, paddy and money will be given to the performers from the homes. On the day of Pooram, all groups reach the temple and play the finale performance. They also perform a kind of puppet show with the wooden puppet in their hand.

References

Ritual dances
Dances of Kerala
Kerala folklore
Hunting in art
Split tones are a multiphonic effect on brass instruments. During normal play, the upper and lower lips will vibrate together at the same speed. If, however, the lips are set to vibrate at different speeds two pitches may be perceived. When not done intentionally, split tones are referred to pejoratively as "double buzzing".

Notation
In Keren by Iannis Xenakis, split tones are notated with two pitches sharing a stem. The lower note is in parentheses. Though the notation is not explained in the score, in another work from 1986, Jalons, Xenakis explains that the two notes should be produced with the lips and not with singing. Throughout Jalons, Xenakis uses split tones extensively in the woodwinds and trombone.

Usage
Split tones can sound similar to a technique called growling, in which additional noise is produced from the throat while playing. The double buzz is distinctly different in that all noise and vibrations are initiated by the embouchure.

Liza Lim makes extensive use of split tones in Ehwaz for trumpet and percussion. In the preface to the score, she states that split tones "tend to be unstable and prone to distortion," and, "it is expected that a degree of fluctuation or 'fraying' will occur in most split tones and this should be regarded as part of the overall timbral quality of the trumpet part."

Method
In a blog post for his Cologne-based ensemble musikFabrik, American trombonist Bruce Collings provided a basic method for producing split tones:

Treatment
When split tones occur unintentionally, they are referred to as double buzzing. This phenomenon is widely understood to occur due to fatigue. David Hickman writes "In most cases, double buzzes occur because of sore or bruised lips. This causes the player to tilt the mouthpiece unconsciously at an abnormal angle to relieve pressure on the sore area. In these cases rest over several days is the best remedy."

A double buzz results from an uneven balance of pressure between the upper and lower lips. Tilting the horn either up or down will balance the pressure. Others suggest focusing on producing a clear tone on the mouthpiece only. It can be helpful to experiment with the double buzz and learn to produce it on demand. Learning to control it may help in learning to "turn it off" during regular playing.

A completely different approach, favored by pedagogue William Adam and others, is for a student to not pay any attention to the physical aspects of the phenomenon and focus only on producing a clear, focused sound on the instrument.

External links
 Bruce Collings, "Split Tones (Son Fendu) and Xenakis", which includes in-mouthpiece video of trombone split tones, as well as comparisons with other multiphonic techniques.
 Stephen Altoft demonstrates trumpet split tones.
 Matt Barbier describes a detailed technical method for producing trombone split tones.

References

Extended techniques
Musical performance techniques
Dioscorea composita, or barbasco, is a species of yam in the  genus Dioscorea, native to Mexico. It is notable for its role in the production of diosgenin, which is a precursor for the synthesis of hormones such as progesterone. Russell Marker developed the extraction and manufacture of hormones from D. mexicana at Syntex, starting the trade of D. composita in Mexico. Marker also discovered that the composita variety had a much higher content of diosgenin than the mexicana variety, and therefore it came to replace the latter in the production of synthetic hormones.

Chemical constituents 
Steroidal sapogenin, diosgenin.

Medicinal use 
It is a source of diosgenin, which is used to prepare synthetic hormones such as progesterone and cortisone. Diosgenin extracted from Dioscorea composita was instrumental in the development of the combined oral contraceptive pill in the 1960s – and also for the development of cortisone treatments of arthritis. Studies on Diosgenin say that it has effect on diabetic neuropathy.

Before becoming used industrially the tuber was used by Chinantec healers in northern Oaxaca as an abortifacient and in cures for aching joints. It was also used by chinantecs as a poison for fishing in the Papaloapan river, and is also mentioned in use for this purpose in the Popol Vuh, the sacred book of the K'iche maya.

References

composita
Yams (vegetable)
Tushar may refer to:

Given name
Tushar Amarsinh Chaudhary (born 1965), member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India
Tushar Gandhi (born 1960), great-grandson of Mahatma Gandhi and son of journalist Arun Manilal Gandhi
Tushar Imran (born 1983), cricketer from Bangladesh
Tushar Kanti Ghosh, Indian author and journalist
Tushar Khandker, hockey player from Jhansi, India
Tushar Makwana (1967–2004), British radio personality
Tushar Ranganath (1974–2011), movie director

Surname
Steve Tushar, American Latin Grammy nominated record producer/remixer and musician

Other uses 

 Tushar Mountains, the third highest mountain range in Utah
Rockford Township is a township in Pottawattamie County, Iowa, USA.

Etymology
Rockford Township is named for a rock-bottomed ford in the Boyer River.

References

Townships in Pottawattamie County, Iowa
Townships in Iowa
Bernal de Foix, 1st Count of Medinaceli (; d. 1381), also known as "the Bastard of Bearn", was a military officer in the Crown of Castile, a region that is now part of Spain.

Life and career
Bernal de Foix was an illegitimate son of Gaston III de Foix, the 11th Count of Foix. He was invested as the first Count of Medinaceli in 1368, and he married Doña Isabel de la Cerda in 1370. Isabel, the widow of Ruy Pérez Ponce de León, was the granddaughter of Alfonso de la Cerda, a grandson of King Alfonso X of Castile. She was granted large estates on the condition that she relinquish all claims to the Crown of Castile for herself and her heirs.

He took the side of royal bastard Henry of Trastámara against Henry's legitimate half-brother, King Peter of Castile, during the Castilian Civil War. He commanded a troop of Castilians under Henry. He chose to stay in Castile when Henry killed King Peter at the Castle of Montiel in March 1369.

The Count of Medinaceli donated property to his wife on 15 October 1370. The family later had extensive estates in the Spanish provinces of Soria and Guadalajara.

Issue
He and his wife had two children:
Gastón (1371–1404), succeeded his father as 2nd Count of Medinaceli
María (d. 1381), died in childhood

References

1331 births
1381 deaths
Counts of Spain
Bernal 01
Saul Davies (born 28 June 1965) is a British musician best known as a member of the rock band James. Davies is a multi-instrumentalist whose primary instruments are the violin, guitar and percussion.

Career

Saul Davies was hired as a member of James in 1989, after the band's guitarist Larry Gott saw him playing violin at the Band On The Wall in Manchester. Impressed by his abilities, Gott invited Davies to join the band at their rehearsal room the following day for an audition.

Davies immediately impressed the band members, who offered him a role in the band as violinist. Davies accepted, initially as a stop-gap measure, and went on to assist with guitar and percussion on the band's 1990 album Gold Mother, which was also to become the band's commercial breakthrough.

Davies ended up remaining with the band throughout the 1990s, and his creative input became more prominent towards the end of the decade, particularly on the 1999 album Millionaires, most of the songs of which were developed from base tracks sketched out by Davies. His contribution was recognized in the sleeve notes for the album with bassist Jim Glennie's comment- "Jim Glennie would like to personally thank Saul for his work on this album over and above the call of duty."

Davies also participated in the dance-based side-project Money, together with fellow band members David Baynton-Power and Mark Hunter.

Following the departure in 2001 of the band's lead singer Tim Booth, the band became inactive and Davies confirmed his own departure in two separate articles throughout 2002.

With the band's reformation in 2007, Davies was confirmed as part of the reformed line-up and joined the band on their reunion tour in April of that year, then played on their comeback album Hey Ma released in April 2008, then released by two mini-albums, The Night Before and The Morning After in 2010, then by 2014's thirteenth album La Petite Mort and recently, the 2016's current album Girl at the End of the World.

Davies is known among James fans for his raucous stage persona and his skill at provoking audience members into exuberant singalongs.

References

External links
 

1965 births
Living people
James (band) members
English rock guitarists
English violinists
Musicians from Oldham
Musicians from Manchester
21st-century violinists

Musicians from Liverpool
Bullhead Run is a stream in the U.S. state of South Dakota.

Bullhead Run was named after the bullhead fish.

See also
List of rivers of South Dakota

References

Rivers of Deuel County, South Dakota
Rivers of Hamlin County, South Dakota
Rivers of South Dakota
Lakah may refer to:
 Raymond Lakah
 Lakah, Iran
The Audubon Society of Western Pennsylvania (ASWP) incorporated in 1942, with a history dating back to 1916, is located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania at Beechwood Farms Nature Reserve.  The society obtained Todd Nature Reserve in 1942, and in 1977 began operating from Beechwood – a  property with over  of walking trails.

ASWP's mission is “to inspire and educate the people of southwestern Pennsylvania to be respectful and responsible stewards of the natural world.”  To that end, ASWP has a full-time education staff, a corps of volunteer naturalists who work to educate youth and adults through year-round programming, youth day camps in the summer, and a summer naturalist at Todd Nature Reserve from June to September.  The society also runs a series of environmental education camp programs for local schools in the fall.

In addition to ongoing education, ASWP hosts a number of community events, beginning with Maple Madness in the early spring.  In June, Audubon hosts Secret Garden events; in September, a fall festival called AppleJamm; and in October, a non-scary Halloween experience called Creatures of the Night.

The Audubon Nature Store, located at Beechwood, contains nature related and themed items for every occasion.  Birdfeeders and birdseed are favorites of many customers, however the inventory includes clothing, optics, jewelry, books and more.

ASWP is dedicated to the stewardship of both Beechwood Farms and Todd Nature Reserves, which together total over  of land.  Beechwood Farms Nature Reserve's trails are open dawn to dusk year round, and Todd Nature Reserve trails are available dawn to dusk except during the Pennsylvania Deer Hunting Season.

Conservation initiatives
ASWP is involved in a number of conservation initiatives.  First, the society works to publicize and aid in the stewardship of the Buffalo Creek Valley, Raccoon Creek, Enlow Fork, and Lower Buffalo Creek Valley Important Bird Areas.  The society is also in the midst of a barn owl research program, to develop a protocol for reintroducing barn owls to areas where their populations may be at risk.  The Audubon Center for Native Plants, a nursery developed to propagate native plants is located at Beechwood.  Native Plants are made available for purchase from May through September, and the society partners with numerous organizations to promote the use of native plants in Western Pennsylvania.  ASWP has recently completed administration of a Watershed Conservation Plan for the Buffalo Creek Watershed, where Todd Nature Reserve is located.  Implementation of the plan began in October 2008 and is ongoing.

External links
Audubon Society of Western Pennsylvania website

Pennsylvania
Audubon movement
Protected areas of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Environmental organizations based in Pennsylvania
Acrolophus praetusalis is a moth of the family Acrolophidae. It is found in South America and Honduras.

References

praetusalis
Moths described in 1858
Boronia interrex, commonly known as the Regent River boronia, is a plant in the citrus family, Rutaceae and is endemic to a small area in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. It is an erect, sometimes low-lying shrub with pinnate leaves, cream-coloured to pale pink sepals and pink petals, the sepals longer and wider than the petals.

Description
Boronia interrex is an erect, spreading sometimes low-lying shrub that grows to about  high and  wide. The leaves are pinnate,  long and  wide in outline, with mostly five to eleven leaflets. The end leaflet is  long and  wide and the side leaflets are shorter. The flowers are borne singly in leaf axils on a pedicel up to  long. The four sepals are hairy, cream-coloured to pale pink, narrow egg-shaped,  long,  wide, longer and wider than the petals. The four petals are pale pink with a darker base,  long and  wide and hairy. The eight stamens are hairy with those nearest the petals slightly longer than those near the sepals.

Taxonomy and naming
Boronia interrex was first formally described in 2015 by Russell Barrett, Matthew Barrett and Marco Duretto and the description was published in Nuytsia from a specimen collected in the Prince Regent National Park. The specific epithet (interrex) is a Latin word meaning "a regent" or "temporary king", referring to the type location.

Distribution and habitat
Regent River boronia is only known from a single sandstone mesa in the Prince Regent National Park where it grows with low shrubs including those in the genera Acacia, Grevillea and Triodia.

Conservation
Boronia interrex is classified as "Priority Two" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife meaning that it is poorly known and from only one or a few locations.

References

interrex
Flora of Western Australia
Plants described in 2015
Taxa named by Russell Lindsay Barrett
Taxa named by Marco Duretto
Taxa named by Matthew David Barrett
Harry Sacher (3 September 1881 – 10 May 1971) was a British businessman, journalist, and Zionist leader. He was appointed director of Marks & Spencer in 1932.

Early life and education
Sacher was born in Shoreditch, Middlesex, the fourth of five children of Polish Jews Jacob and Esther Sacher. His father, a tailor, emigrated from Suwałki, Russian Poland. He attended New College, Oxford.

Career
Sacher wrote for The Manchester Guardian as a political analyst.

In Mandatory Palestine, Sacher co-founded the law firm of Sacher, Horowitz & Klebanoff. The firm had offices in Jerusalem and Haifa, as well as a branch in London.  Already by the 1920s, Sacher became the most prominent attorney in the country. He was legal adviser to the Palestine Zionist Executive and also counted the Municipality of Tel Aviv among his regular clients. At the same time he was an enthusiast of English law and was among the main opponents of the Hebrew Law of Peace system that aspired for autonomy from Palestine's British-based system of law and courts. His most important private client (and personal confidant) had been Pinhas Rutenberg, who, under his legal guidance, created the Jaffa Electric Company and later the Palestine Electric Company under British concession. Harry Sacher was, therefore, an important figure in the process of providing Palestine with electric energy.

An active Zionist, he was elected to the Executive of the WZO, and worked closely with Chaim Weizmann in their efforts to define and lead the WZO during the 1920s and 1930s, and contributed to early drafts of the Balfour Declaration. He had significant involvement in the establishment of Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

Sacher married Miriam Marks, the sister of Simon Marks in 1915. He subsequently joined Marks & Spencer, and was made director in 1932.

Death and legacy
Sacher died in Westminster in 1971. He was survived by his wife, Miriam, and their sons, Michael M. Sacher, and Gabriel Sacher.

Sacher Park, the largest park in Jerusalem, was named in his memory.

Books

 Zionism and the Jewish future. Macmillan Company. 1916 online
 Jewish emancipation. English Zionist Federation. 1917 online
 Israel.the establishment of a state. British Book Centre. 1952, Hyperion. 1976
 Israel, the Arabs and the Foreign Office, Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland, 1956
 Zionist portraits, and other essays. Blond. 1959

References

External links
 Drawn from the Encyclopaedia Judaica
"A Jewish Palestine", Sacher writing in the Atlantic, July 1919

1881 births
1971 deaths
British Zionists
British Jews
British male journalists
Harry
Marks & Spencer people
British people of Polish-Jewish descent
People from Shoreditch
Charles H. Sykes (January 11, 1881 – December 5, 1966) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

Life
Sykes was born on January 11, 1881, in Brodhead, Wisconsin. After graduating from Milton Junction High School, he attended Janesville Business College. Sykes died in a hospital in Youngtown, Arizona.

Political career
Sykes was a member of the Assembly from 1939 to 1958. He was first elected as a member of the Progressive Party but became a Republican in 1943.

References

1881 births
1966 deaths
People from Brodhead, Wisconsin
Members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
20th-century American politicians
Kevin Campbell may refer to:

Kevin Campbell (baseball) (born 1964), American baseball player
Kevin Campbell (footballer) (born 1970), English football player
Kevin Campbell (hurler), Irish player of hurling
Kevin Campbell (politician) (born 1949), New Zealand politician
Kevin Campbell (scientist), American scientist
Kevin T. Campbell, U.S. Army general
Kevin Campbell (bowls) (born 1950), South African lawn bowler
MS Star Clipper was a Norwegian-owned bulk carrier built by Kockums in Malmö, Sweden in 1968. In 1981 she was sold and her name changed to Star Lanao. She was scrapped in India in 1986.

Almö Bridge Disaster
She is best known for causing the Almö Bridge disaster on 18 January 1980 when sailing into Uddevalla, Sweden, in bad weather.

See also
 - Similar Incident To Star Clipper. 
 - Also Collided In A Same Year With An Original Sunshine Skyway Bridge.
 - Aircraft Transporter Ship Collided In 2012 With Eggner Ferry Bridge In Kentucky Lake Under Similar Incident.
List of bridge disasters

References

Merchant ships of Norway
Maritime incidents in 1980
Maritime incidents in Sweden
Ships built in Malmö
1968 ships
CKFF-FM is a First Nations community radio station that operates at 104.1 MHz (FM) in Kipawa, Quebec, Canada.

Branded as Drumbeat Radio, the station airs a variety of programs, interviews, stories, culture and music including country, rock, pop and more.

History

On November 13, 2018, Kebaowek First Nation (OBCI) received approval from the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to operate a new english-language Indigenous (Type B Native) FM radio programming in Kipawa, Quebec which would operate at 104.1 MHz (channel 281A) with an average effective radiated power (ERP) of 6,000 watts (non-directional antenna with an effective height of antenna above average terrain of 55.5 metres). 

The station signed on the air as Drumbeat Radio in April 2020.

References

External links
drumbeatradio.ca
CKFF-FM History - Canadian Communications Foundation

Kff
Kff
Kff
Radio stations established in 2020
2020 establishments in Quebec
Rineloricaria heteroptera is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it is known from forest creeks in the Amazon River basin near Manaus in Brazil. The species reaches 13.3 cm (5.2 inches) in standard length and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.

References 

Loricariini
Fish described in 1976
Catfish of South America
Fish of Brazil
Fish of the Amazon basin
Patrick Gbala born June 12, 1993) is an Ivorian football player who plays as a midfielder. He played in the Saudi Professional League for Al-Fateh SC and in the Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1 for US Monastir.

References

1993 births
Living people
US Monastir (football) players
Al Fateh SC players
Jeddah Club players
Wej SC players
Ivorian men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Tunisia
Expatriate men's footballers in Saudi Arabia
Ivorian expatriate sportspeople in Tunisia
Ivorian expatriates in Saudi Arabia
Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1 players
Saudi Pro League players
Saudi First Division League players
Saudi Second Division players
Men's association football midfielders
The Arrondissement of Soignies (; ) is one of the seven administrative arrondissements in the Walloon province of Hainaut, Belgium.

The Arrondissement of Soignies consists of the following municipalities:

Since 2019
 Braine-le-Comte
 Écaussinnes
 Le Rœulx
 Manage
 Soignies
 Seneffe

Before 2019
 Braine-le-Comte
 Écaussinnes
 Enghien
 La Louvière
 Le Roeulx
 Lessines
 Silly
 Soignies

The municipalities of Enghien, Lessines and Silly are transferred on January 1, 2019 to the Arrondissement of Ath while the municipalities of Manage and Seneffe from the Arrondissement of Charleroi are integrated on the same date into the Arrondissement of Soignies. La Louvière is detached from the Arrondissement on the same date to create the new Arrondissement of La Louvière.

References

Soignies
William  Alexander Gowdy (24 December 1903 – 16 March 1958) was a Northern Irish footballer who played for, among others, Hull City, Sheffield Wednesday, Gateshead, Hibernian and Aldershot. He gained six caps for Ireland between 1931 and 1936.

His elder brother Joe was also a footballer; he too gained six caps for Ireland, but they did not play together for their country (nor any clubs) – Joe's last cap was in 1927.

References

Pre-1950 IFA men's international footballers
Cliftonville F.C. players
Dundalk F.C. players
Ards F.C. players
Brantwood F.C. players
Hull City A.F.C. players
Sheffield Wednesday F.C. players
Gateshead A.F.C. players
Linfield F.C. players
Hibernian F.C. players
Goole Town F.C. players
Altrincham F.C. players
Aldershot F.C. players
League of Ireland players
English Football League players
Scottish Football League players
Association footballers from Belfast
Men's association footballers from Northern Ireland
NIFL Premiership players
1903 births
1958 deaths
Men's association football wing halves
Belorgey is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

  (born 1944), French politician
 Vincent Belorgey alias Kavinsky (born 1975), French musician, producer, DJ, and actor

French-language surnames