Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The government speech doctrine, in American constitutional law, says that the government is not infringing the free speech rights of individual people when the government declines to use viewpoint neutrality in its own speech.   More generally, the degree to which governments have free speech rights remains unsettled, including the degree of free speech rights that states may have under the First Amendment versus federal speech restrictions.

Individual free speech rights versus government speech
The government speech doctrine establishes that the government may advance its speech without requiring viewpoint neutrality when the government itself is the speaker.  Thus, when the state is the speaker, it may make content based choices. The simple principle has broad implications, and has led to contentious disputes within the Supreme Court.

The doctrine was implied in Wooley v. Maynard in 1977 when the Supreme Court acknowledged a legitimate government interest in communicating an official, ideologically partial message to the public.  In the 1991 case of Rust v. Sullivan, government-funded doctors in a government health program were not allowed to advise patients on obtaining abortions, and the doctors challenged this law on Free Speech grounds. However, the Court held that because the program was government-funded, the doctors were, therefore, speaking on behalf of the government.  Therefore, the government could say what it wishes, and “the Government has not discriminated based on viewpoint; it has merely chosen to fund one activity to the exclusion of the other."

In Legal Services Corp. v. Velazquez, the Supreme Court held that, although, providing government-funded legal services appeared similar to government-funded doctors, the speech of the lawyers was private speech because lawyers spoke on behalf of their clients.  As a result, the government could not prevent these attorneys from filing constitutional suits against the government.

Free speech rights of states versus federal speech restrictions
When one sovereign tries to limit the speech of another sovereign, the First Amendment to the United States Constitution may protect the latter from the former.  David Fagundes has argued that government speech deserves constitutional protection only where the speech is intrinsic to a public function and furthers democratic self-government.

References

Further reading 
 
 
 
 
 Limits on Political Statements by Public Bodies State Law Penalizes Government Speech that Rises to the Level of Electioneering, Public Corporation Law Quarterly, Michigan Bar, No. 3, p. 8, Fall 2008.

Freedom of expression
First Amendment to the United States Constitution
no-go zone may refer to:

A no-go area, a region where the ruling authorities have lost control and are unable to enforce the rule of law
Areas where fishing is made illegal due to overfishing
Protected areas for the preservation of environmental, biological, or historical value
A free-fire zone, in U.S. military parlance
Metal fatigue is the initiation and propagation of cracks in a material due to cyclic loading.

Metal Fatigue may also refer to:
Metal Fatigue (album), a 1985 album by Allan Holdsworth.
Metal Fatigue (novel), a 1996 science fiction novel by Sean Williams.
Metal Fatigue (video game), a 2000 real-time strategy video game by Zono Incorporated.
Ma Shuyue (;  ; born 29 June 1999) is a Chinese tennis player.

On 20 May 2019, she achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 204. On 10 June 2019, she peaked at No. 499 in the doubles rankings.

Ma made her WTA Tour main-draw debut at the 2017 Shenzhen Open, partnering Zhang Kailin, and losing to Raquel Atawo and Xu Yifan.

ITF Circuit finals

Singles: 3 (2 titles, 1 runner–up)

Doubles: 2 (2 runner–ups)

External links
 
 

1999 births
Living people
Chinese female tennis players
21st-century Chinese women
The Gold and Company Store Building is a historic commercial building in Lincoln, Nebraska. It was built in 1924 for the Gold and Company Store, co-founded by William Gold and later managed by his son Nathan, until its 1964 merger with J. L. Brandeis and Sons. The building was designed in the Gothic Revival and Art Deco styles. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since October 19, 1982.

References

National Register of Historic Places in Lincoln, Nebraska
Gothic Revival architecture in Nebraska
Art Deco architecture in Nebraska
Commercial buildings completed in 1924
1924 establishments in Nebraska
Lobotorna is a monotypic moth genus of the family Erebidae. Its only species, Lobotorna albapex, is found in Panama. Both the genus and species were first described by George Hampson in 1924.

References

Herminiinae
Monotypic moth genera
Juozas Grušas (November 16, 1901, Žadžiūnai-Kalniškiai, Kovno Governorate – May 21, 1986, Kaunas) was a Lithuanian writer, editor, dramatist and playwright.

Biography

Grušas' first inspirational teacher was the Lithuanian poet Jovaras, who taught him writing and spurred his interest in literature. In 1920 he enrolled at the Šiauliai Gymnasium, graduating in 1924.

From 1924 to 1931 he was a student at the University of Lithuania (1930 renamed to Vytautas Magnus University), in the Theology-philosophy faculty. In 1928 he was elected as chairman of the student organization Šatrija. After graduating in 1930, he began teaching the Lithuanian language. In 1931, together with Balys Sruoga, he co-founded the Lithuanian writers association; from 1937 to 1938 he was chairman of this organization. Grušas served as editor-in-chief of the Christian weekly newspaper Mūsų laikraštis (Our Newspaper) from 1928 to 1938. In 1935 he published a satirical novel, Karjeristai (The Careerists), which has been described as "one of the key works in the history of the Lithuanian novel".

He was interested in Lithuanian and Baltic history and several of his drama plays are about historic characters of the past.

From 1940 to 1941 he worked in the State publishing house as an editor of fiction. He fell ill in 1941, and lived with his in-laws in Joniškis until 1949. In 1948 he was accepted into the Lithuanian SSR writers association. After returning to Kaunas in 1949, he resumed writing, and over time became one of the most productive Lithuanian playwrights. His works have been translated into English, Polish, Latvian, and Estonian. Juozas Grušas was buried in Petrašiūnai Cemetery. Juozas Grušas Secondary School (in Šilainiai elderate of Kaunas) was named in his honour.

Important works
Books:
 Ponia Bertulienė, 1925
 Karjeristai (novel), 1935

Dramas:
 Dūmai (Smalkės, 1956)
 Herkus Mantas (1957)
 Švitrigaila (1975)
 Unija (1977)
 Gintarinė vila (1979)
 Meilė, džiazas ir velnias (1967)
 Barbora Radvilaitė (1972)

Most of his plays were produced in the Kaunas State Drama Theatre.

Collected works:
Raštai, 5 volumes in 1981–1985
Mykolas Glinskis, 1984
Gyvų sienojų namai, 1986

Awards 

He received awards for Herkus Mantas in 1957, and for Švitrigaila, Barbora Radvilaitė and Pijus nebuvo protingas in 1976.

He was named the Honorary Artist of the Lithuanian SSR in 1976 and the People's Writer of the Lithuanian SSR in 1971.

His 1972 play Barbora Radvilaitė was selected as one of the Lithuanian plays of the century.

References

"Grušas, Jouzas". Encyclopedia Lituanica II: 395–396. (1970-1978). Ed. Simas Sužiedėlis. Boston, Massachusetts: Juozas Kapočius. LCCN 74–114275.

External links
 Short biography
 The works of Juozas Grušas
 Virtual exhibition - as of July 29 2019 this link does not work
 Grušas house in Kaunas

1901 births
1986 deaths
People from Šiauliai District Municipality
People from Shavelsky Uyezd
Lithuanian dramatists and playwrights
Lithuanian writers
20th-century dramatists and playwrights
Vytautas Magnus University alumni
Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Burials at Petrašiūnai Cemetery
Schmale Gera is a river of Thuringia, Germany. It is a distributary of the Gera in Erfurt.  It flows into the Gramme near Werningshausen.

The Narrow Gera is a long tributary of the Gera River , which begins in the center of the Thuringian capital Erfurt and runs parallel to its main course in the flat center of the Thuringian Basin until shortly before the district town of Sömmerda .

Course 

The Schmale Gera branches off to the right in the Venice Park in the old town of Erfurt from the Wilder Gera , at the end of the section called Breitstrom . Shortly afterwards, the narrow Gera crosses under the main river of the Gera, known as the flood ditch , in a culvert .

Culvert of the Schmalen Gera (back) under the flood ditch (front) from 1895 in Erfurt

The water crosses the Johannesviertel in Erfurt's old town and the Mühlenviertel in the Andreasvorstadt . In Ilversgehofen it drives the Heiligenmühle at Mittelhäuser Strasse 16. It then flows through the Rieth and then between Gispersleben and the Red Mountain to Mittelhausen .

Outside the urban area, it flows between Nöda and Riethnordhausen close to the foot of the hills. At Haßleben , its course is separated from that of the main Gera river by the Kantorberg and another hill.

The narrow Gera drives the Cux mill south of Werningshausen . On the outskirts it takes up the Wilder Graben , which previously flows parallel to the Gramme , but does not branch off from it. On the western edge of Werningshausen there is a connecting ditch between Schmaler Gera and Gramme at Lindenstrasse, but only 0.6 km north of the village the two bodies of water unite, whereby the Gramme, which was previously close to the edge of the village, is in the bed of the previously in a wide arc around the village Schmalen Gera, which is led around, continues to flow.

From the confluence it is another 1.57 km to the confluence of the Gramme in the Unstrut . This means that the separate Schmalen Gera run is over 25 km long.

Individual evidence 

 http://www.geoportal-th.de/
 http://www.gpsies.com/map.do?fileId=lcqihkqdqbksyfhq

Rivers of Thuringia
Rivers of Germany
The Sibbersdorfer See is a lake in the district of Ostholstein within the region known as Holstein Switzerland in the North German state of Schleswig-Holstein.

It lies between Sibbersdorf and Fissau, north of the Großer Eutiner See, near the town of Eutin.

It has an area of , is up to 7 metres deep, lies at an elevation of about  and is crossed by the River Schwentine.

Gull island 
There is a gull island, about 5,000 square metres in area in the Sibbersdorfer See.
Until it was sold in 1988, gull eggs were collected here.
When this practice ended, the island became increasingly overgrown as it was no longer mown.

The Eutin-Malente Bird Conservation Group took over this maintenance function in 1995 and the number of breeding pairs increased again.

Reed buntings and reed warblers have no longer bred here since the end of the 1990s.

In 2004 1,051 breeding pairs of birds of 19 species were counted, including: 750 pairs of black-headed gulls (1996: 50 pairs), three pairs of Mediterranean gulls, 22 pairs of common terns, 15 pairs of Canada geese, one pair of oystercatchers, two peewit pairs, 12 pairs of graylag geese, 49 pairs of tufted duck and a pair of mute swans.

 

Lakes of Schleswig-Holstein
LSibberstorfer See
The Church of Fatima, a Roman Catholic church, is located in Bangui, in the Central African Republic. 

It is situated in the neighborhood known as KM5 which is 5 km away from the center of the city.

On May 28, 2014, the Seleka, a paramilitary rebel movement, threw grenades before shooting indiscriminately at the church, killing at least 11 people.

References

Churches in Bangui
Roman Catholic churches in the Central African Republic
Our Lady of Fátima
Hans-Martin Pawlowski (30 October 1931 – 14 March 2016) was a German researcher, lawyer and former professor for civil law at the University of Mannheim from 1966 to 1994. Moreover, he served as president at the University of Mannheim between 1969 and 1970.

Education
Pawlowski studied from 1951 to 1959 law at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, the University of Freiburg and the University of Münster where he obtained his first and second Staatsexamen (comparable to an LL.B and an LL.M). He received his doctorate at the University of Göttingen in 1960 and habilitated in civil law in 1964 researching the Rechtsgeschäftliche Folgen nichtiger Willenserklärungen. Amts- und Parteinichtigkeit von Rechtsgeschäften - Zum Verhältnis von Privatautonomie und objektiven Recht (The law effects of void intentions).

Academics
Pawlowski worked from 1966 to 1994 as chaired professor at the University of Mannheim where he was researching issues related to civil and civil process law. In 1969, he became rector (president) of the university and remained in this position until 1970. He was succeeded by Gerhard Zeitel in his role as rector. From 1973 to 1990, he was member of the Mannheim School of Social Sciences and between 1987 and 1994 member of theresearch position for societal development (Forschungsstelle für gesellschaftliche Entwicklung (FGE)) at the University of Mannheim.

Publications
 Pawlowski, Hans-Martin. Der Rechtsbesitz im geltenden Sachen- und Immaterialgüterrecht, Verlag Otto Schwarz & Co., Göttingen 1961
 Pawlowski, Hans-Martin. Methodenlehre für Juristen. Theorie der Norm und des Gesetzes. 3. überarbeitete und erweiterte Aufl., C. F. Müller Juristischer Verlag, Heidelberg 1999, .
 Pawlowski, Hans-Martin. Einführung in die juristische Methodenlehre: ein Studienbuch zu den Grundlagenfächern Rechtsphilosophie und Rechtssoziologie. - 2., neubearb. Aufl.. - C. F. Müller, Heidelberg 2000. - (Jurathek: Studium), .
 Pawlowski, Hans-Martin. Allgemeiner Teil des BGB. Grundlehren des bürgerlichen Rechts. 7. neubearbeitete Aufl., Heidelberg 2003, C. F. Müller Verlag,

See also
 List of University of Mannheim people
 University of Mannheim
 Bochum
 North Rhine-Westphalia

Notes and references

External links
 List of Publications of Hans-Martin Pawlowski
 Overview About Pawlowski's Research Focus

1931 births
2016 deaths
Jurists from North Rhine-Westphalia
Academic staff of the University of Mannheim
Academic staff of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
People from Bochum
State Route 474 (SR 474, known as Merchants Greene Boulevard) was a  five-lane state highway in Hamblen County in the eastern portion of the U.S. state of Tennessee. It served as a connector route from SR 160 to US 11E/SR 34. It was decommissioned and designated as part of SR 66 following an extension project by TDOT in November 2020.

Route description

SR 474 began at an intersection with SR 160 (Gov. Dewitt Clinton Senter Highway) at a traffic signal southwest of Morristown. The route then proceeds northwest through rural areas of Morristown. It crosses over a Norfolk Southern Railway line then it continued to the northwest and meets its northern terminus, an intersection with US 11E/SR 34 (West Andrew Johnson Highway) in the western part of Morristown.

Major intersections

See also
 
 
 List of state routes in Tennessee

References

474
Transportation in Hamblen County, Tennessee
Morristown, Tennessee
Chuo Highway Bus may refer to:
Chūō Kōsoku Bus (中央高速バス) of Keio Bus
Chūō-dō Kōsoku Bus (中央道高速バス) of Meitetsu Bus
Chūō Liner (bus) (中央ライナー) of JR Bus
Monstermob Usa is a Pakistani mobile games company ringtones, wallpapers, games and full length tracks. Operating between 2000 and 2007 it was owned by Monstermob Group plc, which owned similar companies across the globe.

History
The company was founded by Lancaster businessman Martin Higginson. Peter Armer was appointed as first chief financial officer (CFO)
 succeeded by Lee Dudack.

Monstermob Group plc was floated on the Alternative Investment Market on the London Stock Exchange with an opening market capitalisation of £32m. Chris Noden was the company's first technical appointment in February 2001 and was responsible for the design and implementation of the firm's award-winning platform. Noden developed the technology to deliver PolyPhonic ringtones to mobiles ahead of other ringtone firms and took the company through the IPO process. David Wood was brought in by Higginson to develop the ringtone catalogue and Wood eventually became one of the main providers of the firms ringtone catalogue.

In August 2004, Monstermob acquired 9 Squared, Inc., a cell phone ringtone company. Following the acquisition, James Eberhard, founder of 9 Squared, joined Monstermob as managing director of Network Services.

As full-track audio ringtone's became possible to deliver, ex Sony Music lawyer David Bloomfield was brought in to develop the music business channel alongside Wood and the pair left the company at the end of 2005. Higginson hired former investment banker Niccolo de Masi and finance director David Marks, then pursued opportunities in China, with Orange founder and former Carphone Warehouse non-executive chairman Hans Snook joining as chairman in May 2005. The company's business was adversely affected by regulatory changes in the United Kingdom and in China, aimed at curbing abusive billing practices among vendors of third-party wireless content.

Founder Higginson was ousted in June 2006.  The company issued three profit warnings in 2006, and as a result its shares lost 90 percent of their value over that year.  In August 2006, the company revealed that it was in buyout talks with an unnamed purchaser.

In March 2007 Martin Higginson returned to the board as a director. He was brought back to the company after its new owners ousted the directors, including the former CEO and founder of Orange Plc, Hans Snook.

Spanish internet firm LaNetro Zed announced the changes after completing buying up a majority 53% stake in the business and scuppering a rival takeover plan by Chinese mobile content group Linktone.

At the time, LaNetro Zed and Monstermob together became the largest company in the Mobile Value-Added Services (MVAS) market in terms of revenue. The enlarged company operated in 31 countries around the world employing 1,200 staff.

Monstermob Group plc entered administration on 24 May 2017.

References

External links
Monstermob Group plc
Monstermob Share Price historical data

Mass media companies of the United Kingdom
Mobile phone culture
Companies that have entered administration in the United Kingdom
British companies established in 2000
Ponzano Romano is a  (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Italian region of Latium, located about  north of Rome. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,061 and an area of .

Ponzano Romano borders the following municipalities: Civita Castellana, Civitella San Paolo, Collevecchio, Filacciano, Forano, Nazzano, Sant'Oreste, Stimigliano.

Demographic evolution

References

Cities and towns in Lazio
Estonia competed at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics, in Nanjing, China from 16 August to 28 August 2014.

Athletics

Estonia qualified five athletes.

Qualification Legend: Q=Final A (medal); qB=Final B (non-medal); qC=Final C (non-medal); qD=Final D (non-medal); qE=Final E (non-medal)

Boys
Field Events

Girls
Field events

Badminton

Estonia qualified one athlete based on the 2 May 2014 BWF Junior World Rankings.

Singles

Doubles

Basketball

Estonia qualified a girls' team from their performance at the 2013 U18 3x3 World Championships.

Skills Competition

Girls' tournament

Roster
 Kadri-Ann Lass
 Tatjana Razguljajeva
 Marie Roosalu
 Kadri Uiga

Group Stage

Round of 16

Quarterfinals

Knockout Stage

Cycling

Estonia qualified a girls' team based on its ranking issued by the UCI.

Team

Judo

Estonia qualified one athlete based on its performance at the 2013 Cadet World Judo Championships.

Individual

Sailing

Estonia was given a reallocation boat based on being a top ranked nation not yet qualified.

Swimming

Estonia qualified three swimmers.

Boys

Girls

References

2014 in Estonian sport
Nations at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics
Estonia at the Youth Olympics
Tenmile or Ten Mile may refer to one of these places in the U.S. state of Oregon:

Tenmile, Coos County, Oregon, a populated place west of Lakeside
Tenmile, Douglas County, Oregon, a populated place southwest of Roseburg
Boyne Castle (also known as the Palace of Boyne) is a 16th-century quadrangular castle about  east of Portsoy, Aberdeenshire, Scotland,  south of Boyne Bay.

History
Around 1320 the land was owned by Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray, but passed first to the Edmonstone family and then, by marriage, to the Ogilvies. Sir George Ogilvy of Dunlugas built the castle in the late 16th century. Occupation continued until after 1723.

Charles McKean suggested that building was slightly earlier, constructed by Alexander Ogilvy of Boyne before 1575 for his bride, Mary Beaton, a companion of Mary, Queen of Scots, brought up at the French royal court.

James VI of Scotland stayed at the castle in July 1589. His ambassadors Andrew Keith, Lord Dingwall, George Young, and John Skene brought him news from Denmark of the progress of his marriage negotiations and preparations of ships, jewels, and a silver coach for Anne of Denmark.

Structure
The site of Boyne castle is naturally fortified, above the steep gorge of the Burn of Boyne, or Boyne Water, which protects it on three sides, while on the south there is a dry moat, nearly  wide.

It has been said that Boyne Castle “was once a splendid place with fine rooms, above vaulted basements, and had large windows”. The remains are overgrown and ruinous,
 although the walls to the west, and the towers, still stand to about .

The four corner towers are round, and about  in diameter.  There is a twin-turreted gatehouse to the south.  Entrance is by a causeway, which is raised and walled. There are remains of two walled gardens.

The castle ruin is a Scheduled Ancient Monument.

References

Castles in Aberdeenshire
Scheduled Ancient Monuments in Aberdeenshire
Buildings and structures in Portsoy
Isolated atrial amyloidosis is a form of amyloidosis affecting the atria of the heart.

It is associated with accumulation of the protein atrial natriuretic factor. It may cause abnormal heart rhythms.

References

Amyloidosis
Heart diseases
Protein folding
Luciano Taccone (born 29 May 1989) is an Argentine triathlete. He competed in the men's event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

References

External links
 

1989 births
Living people
Argentine male triathletes
Olympic triathletes for Argentina
Triathletes at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people)
Triathletes at the 2015 Pan American Games
Triathletes at the 2019 Pan American Games
South American Games silver medalists for Argentina
South American Games medalists in triathlon
Competitors at the 2014 South American Games
Pan American Games medalists in triathlon
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Argentina
Medalists at the 2019 Pan American Games
20th-century Argentine people
21st-century Argentine people