Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
In computational geometry, the fixed-radius near neighbor problem is a variant of the nearest neighbor search problem. In the fixed-radius near neighbor problem, one is given as input a set of points in d-dimensional Euclidean space and a fixed distance Δ. One must design a data structure that, given a query point q, efficiently reports the points of the data structure that are within distance Δ of q. The problem has long been studied;  cites a 1966 paper by Levinthal that uses this technique as part of a system for visualizing molecular structures, and it has many other applications.

Solution by rounding and hashing
One method for solving the problem is to round the points to an integer lattice, scaled so that the distance between grid points is the desired distance Δ. A hash table can be used to find, for each input point, the other inputs that are mapped to nearby grid points, which can then be tested for whether their unrounded positions are actually within distance Δ. The number of pairs of points tested by this procedure, and the time for the procedure, is linear in the combined input and output size when the dimension is a fixed constant. However, the constant of proportionality in the linear time bound grows exponentially as a function of the dimension. Using this method, it is possible to construct indifference graphs and unit disk graphs from geometric data in linear time.

Other solutions
Modern parallel methods for GPU are able to efficiently compute all pairs fixed-radius NNS. For finite domains, the method of Green  shows the problem can be solved by sorting on a uniform grid, finding all neighbors of all particles in O(kn) time, where k is proportional to the average number of neighbors. Hoetzlein  improves this further on modern hardware with counting sorting and atomic operations.

Applications
The fixed-radius near neighbors problem arises in continuous Lagrangian simulations (such as smoothed particle hydrodynamics), computational geometry, and point cloud problems (surface reconstructions).

See also
 Cell lists

References

Geometric algorithms
Sarofim may refer to:

Sarofim (surname)
Sarofim Hall, part of Houston's Hobby Center for the Performing Arts
The Punch Tavern is a Grade II listed public house at 98–100 Fleet Street, Holborn, London.

The pub previously on this site was called the Crown and Sugar Loaf, but was renamed as the Punch Tavern in the 1840s, as Punch magazine had its office nearby at that end of Fleet Street. It was rebuilt by the architects Saville and Martin in two phases, first the main part area of the pub and its Fleet Street frontage in 1894–95, and then its Bride Lane frontage with a "Luncheon Bar" behind in 1896–97.

Gallery

References

Grade II listed pubs in the City of London
Buildings and structures in Holborn
Necrophoresis is a sanitation behavior found in social insects – such as ants, bees, wasps, and termites – in which they carry away the dead bodies of members of their colony from the nest or hive area. The term was introduced in 1958 by E.O. Wilson and his colleagues. The behaviour was however known from before with Pliny making the claim that ants were the only animals other than humans to bury their dead.

Description  
While the strict definition of necrophoresis deals with the removal of dead nestmates only, others have extended it to the removal of corpses that include non-nestmates and even alien species. The adaptive value of the behavior is that it acts as a sanitary measure to prevent disease or infection from spreading throughout the colony.

Castes and specialization 
Although any member of a colony can carry the bodies, it is usually done by designated 'undertakers'. Ant undertakers have a slightly altered development cycle, and are much more likely than other ants to handle corpse removal. They are not restricted to performing only this task, but they do exhibit different behavioral and movement patterns than other members of the colony, which assist them in this task. Non-undertaker ants may also remove dead bodies, but do so with much less consistency. Corpses will either be taken to a random point a certain distance away from the nest, or placed in a refuse pile closer to the nest, along with other waste. Although in mature ant colonies only workers feature undertaking behaviours, the queen ants from the Lasius niger species undertake deceased co-founders. 

The removal of corpses carrying infectious disease is crucial to the health of a colony.  Efforts to eliminate colonies of fire ants, for instance, include introducing pathogens into the population, but this has limited efficacy where the infected insects are quickly separated from the population. However, certain infections have been shown to delay the removal of dead bodies or alter where they are placed.  Although placing corpses farther away reduces the risk of infection, it also requires more energy. Burial and cannibalism are other recorded methods of corpse disposal among social insects. Termites have been shown to use burial when they cannot afford to devote workers to necrophoresis, especially when forming a new colony.

Identification of disease and death 
Differentiating between dead and living insects is accomplished by detecting their chemical signature. Depending on the species, this can be communicated by either the absence of chemicals that are present when they are alive, or by those released in decaying corpses. Experiment have sought to identify how ants identify corpses that need to be disposed and have found that in some cases it is the presence of oleic and linoleic acid, produced by the breakdown of fats. This breakdown can take about two days. There are also differences in how dead nestmates and non-nestmates are treated. Seed collection and dispersal behaviors in myrmecochory are also found to be similar to those involved in necrophory and triggered by similar chemicals.

References 

Behavioural sciences
Ethology
The Jelerău is a left tributary of the river Cerna in Romania. It flows into the Cerna in the town Băile Herculane. Its length is  and its basin size is .

References

Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Caraș-Severin County
Albania participated in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2017, which took place in Tbilisi, Georgia on 26 November 2017. The Albanian broadcaster RTSH was responsible for the organization of their representative at the contest. Their entry was selected through Junior Fest 2017, a national selection process consisting of sixteen artists who competed in order to become the Albanian representative on 14 October 2017. Ana Kodra is an Albanian singer who won the selection with the song "Mos ma prekni pemën", meaning "Don't Touch My Tree".

Background

Prior to the 2017 contest, Albania had participated in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest three times since its first entry in 2012, only opting not to participate at the 2013 and 2014 contests. Albania has never won the contest, with their best result being in , with the song "Dambaje" performed by Mishela Rapo, achieving fifth place with a score of 93 points. In 2016, Klesta Qehaja represented Albania in Valletta, Malta with the song "Besoj". The country ended in 13th place out of 17 countries, achieving 38 points.

Before Junior Eurovision

Junior Fest 2017
The national final Junior Fest 2017 took place on 14 October 2017. It consisted sixteen competing acts participating in a televised production where the winner was determined by a jury panel. Sixteen songs took part in Junior Fest 2017, which was held in the Palace of Congresses in Tirana. A three-member professional jury, made up of Fatma Methasani, Andi Bajgora and Lum Veseli, selected Ana Kodra as the winner of the selection with the song "Mos ma prekni pemën". The song was later entitled "Don't Touch My Tree" along with the release of the official video on 14 November 2017.

Artist and song information

Ana Kodra

Ana Kodra (born 23 March 2007) is an Albanian singer. She represented Albania in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2017 with the song "Mos ma prekni pemën". She finished in 13th place with 67 points.

Ana began performing at the age of eight years old when she participated in the TV show Tú sí que vales. Despite her young age, she managed to go to the final and to create her own fan base. At the age of nine, Ana became part of the TV show Gjeniu i vogël. In addition to that, she won the second prize at the National Children's Festival in Shkodër.

Ana participated in the second series of The Voice Kids Albania where she gave a very impressive and confident performance in the Blind Auditions of the song Evil Like Me from the Disney movie, Descendants. All judges turned their chair, and she picked Miriam Cani as her coach. She finished in the top 6.

In 2019, she auditioned for Britain's Got Talent.

Don't Touch My Tree
"Don't Touch My Tree" (originally Mos ma prekni pemën) is a song performed by Albanian child singer Ana Kodra. It represented Albania in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2017.

At Junior Eurovision
During the opening ceremony and the running order draw which took place on 20 November 2017, Albania was drawn to perform tenth on 26 November 2017, following Georgia and preceding Ukraine.

Voting

Detailed voting results

References

Junior Eurovision Song Contest
Albania
2017
Asopos de Vliet is a student rowing club based in Leiderdorp, Netherlands. It takes its membership primarily from Leiden University.

The female-only rowing club De Vliet was founded in 1905, taking its name after one of the waters in Leiden. In 1974 it merged with the male-only rowing club Asopos, named after the Greek river god Asopos). Asopos had been founded in 1962 by discontent members of the club Njord, nowadays a daughter association of Leiden's traditional fraternity/sorority (corps) Minerva.

Trivia
Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands was a member of De Vliet when she studied in Leiden (1956 - 1961).

External links
 Official home page

Student societies in the Netherlands
Rowing clubs in the Netherlands
Sports clubs and teams in South Holland
1974 establishments in the Netherlands
Sport in Leiderdorp
Ferris Wheel on Fire is the second EP by the American indie rock band Neutral Milk Hotel, released as part of their Walking Wall of Words vinyl box set. Though not released until December 12, 2011, all the songs were written between 1992 and 1995. Ferris Wheel on Fire includes five songs that up to that point had never been officially released ("Oh Sister", "Home", "Ferris Wheel on Fire", "I Will Bury You in Time", and "My Dream Girl Don't Exist"), two songs originally released on the band's official debut album On Avery Island that were reworked and re-recorded ("April 8th" and "A Baby for Pree / Glow into You"), and one alternative version of a song that was released as the B-side of the "Holland, 1945" single ("Engine"), an outtake from the In the Aeroplane Over the Sea sessions. The EP – together with the "You've Passed/Where You'll Find Me Now" and "Little Birds" singles – marked the first new Neutral Milk Hotel release since 1998. The EP was made available for sale as a digital download from the band's official website in 2019. On February 24, 2023, the EP was released on various streaming services.

Track listing

Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Ferris Wheel on Fire.

Neutral Milk Hotel
 Jeff Mangum – guitar, vocals, album design, back cover collage
 Robert Schneider – melodica (track 3), producer
 Julian Koster – singing saw (track 6)

Technical personnel
 Craig Morris – engineer
 Veronica Trow – producer (exec.)
 Mark Ohe – album design, back cover collage

References

Neutral Milk Hotel albums
2011 EPs
Self-released EPs
is a district of Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan.

As of October 2020, the population of this district is 3,218. The postal code for Ōyamachō is 151-0065.

Tokyo Camii, the largest mosque in Japan, is located here.

Education
 operates public elementary and junior high schools.

Oyamacho 1-8 and 12-47 is zoned to Nishihara Elementary School (西原小学校) and Yoyogi Junior High School (代々木中学校). Oyamacho 9-11 is zoned to Uehara Elementary School (上原小学校) and Uehara Junior High School (上原中学校).

References

Neighborhoods of Tokyo
Districts of Shibuya
The Gimone (; ) is a  river in south-western France, left tributary of the Garonne. Its source is in the foothills of the Pyrenees, near Lannemezan. It flows north through the following départements and towns:

 Hautes-Pyrénées
 Gers: Saramon, Gimont
 Tarn-et-Garonne: Beaumont-de-Lomagne

The Gimone flows into the Garonne near Castelsarrasin.

References

Rivers of France
Occitanie region articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Rivers of Occitania (administrative region)
Rivers of Haute-Garonne
Rivers of Gers
Rivers of Hautes-Pyrénées
Rivers of Tarn-et-Garonne
Matthew Bruenig (born November 22, 1988) is an American lawyer, blogger, policy analyst, commentator, and founder of the left-leaning think tank People's Policy Project. He was a blogger for the American think tank Demos covering politics and public policy and has written on issues including income distribution, taxation, welfare, elections, the Nordic model, and funds socialism.

Career 
Bruenig's writing has appeared in a range of publications including The New York Times, Current Affairs, Jacobin, The Atlantic, Dissent, and The Washington Post.
He has been a featured guest of the politics and humor podcast Chapo Trap House, and appeared on other progressive platforms like the NoFilter of The Young Turks and The Michael Brooks Show.

In 2016, Bruenig was fired from his part-time job blogging for Demos after he posted a series of what Gawker called "rude tweets" targeting first Joan Walsh and later Center for American Progress president Neera Tanden. Demos stated he was let go due to a pattern of "online harassment of people with whom he disagrees"; some journalists nevertheless speculated there may have been outside pressure on behalf of Tanden.

In 2017, Bruenig founded the People's Policy Project, a left-wing think tank which raises money through crowdfunding. The think tank analyzes politics and produces market socialist policy proposals tailored to the United States context.

In 2020, Bloomberg News reported that Bruenig with his wife were producing a podcast that generated about $9,000 per month from listeners.

Personal life 
Bruenig is married to Elizabeth Bruenig, Staff Writer for The Atlantic, formerly an opinion writer and editor at The Washington Post and The New York Times. They have two children.

Bruenig has stated that he was diagnosed as autistic in adulthood.

Political views 
Bruenig describes his brand of socialism as follows:Bruenig is an advocate of single-payer healthcare, and has argued extensively in favor of its feasibility.

See also

 Market socialism
 Social welfare model
 Nordic model
 Socialism in the United States

References

External links
 
 People's Policy Project

1988 births
21st-century American lawyers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
American bloggers
American commentators
American economics writers
American labor lawyers
American male bloggers
American political writers
American social democrats
Boston University School of Law alumni
Lawyers from Washington, D.C.
Living people
Market socialism
Martin High School (Arlington, Texas) alumni
People on the autism spectrum
American writers with disabilities
University of Oklahoma alumni
Washington, D.C., socialists
Writers from Washington, D.C.
American lawyers with disabilities
The (), signed in Saint Petersburg on 9 June 1896, was the second of three agreements signed between the Empire of Japan and the Empire of Russia concerning disputes regarding their sphere of influence over Korea.

With pro-Japanese and pro-Russian factions within the Joseon dynasty competing for power, the increasingly unstable political situation in Korea was endangering the economic and strategic interests of both Japan and Russia. After the assassination of Empress Myeongseong, Korean Emperor Gojong had taken refuge in the Russian consulate in Seoul at the invitation of Russian envoy Karl Ivanovich Weber, and Russia had thus  attained a paramount influence over Korean politics at the time. This was confirmed in the Komura-Waeber Memorandum, which granted Russia the right to station four companies of troops in Korea, and required that Japan recognize Korea's new "pro-Russian faction" cabinet led by Yi Wan-yong.

Visiting during the coronation ceremonies for Russian Tsar Nicholas II, the Japanese delegation discussed the growing friction over Korea, and proposed that the Korean peninsula be divided at the 38th parallel, should Japanese and Russian troops be forced to occupy Korea. The proposal was rejected, but the concept was resurrected by Soviet premier Joseph Stalin many years later at the Yalta Conference negotiations with the United States during World War II.

The Yamagata–Lobanov Agreement was signed in Saint Petersburg by ex-Prime Minister of Japan Yamagata Aritomo, and Russian Foreign Minister, Prince Alexei Lobanov-Rostovsky. The Agreement in effect guaranteed Korean independence through a tacit co-protectorate maintained by both Japan and Russia,  with the aim of preserving Korea as a buffer state between Japan, and Russian interests in Manchuria and the Russian Maritime Provinces. The Agreement also stated a joint intention to encourage fiscal reform in Korea, promote the formation of a modern police and army, and to maintain telegraph lines.

The Agreement had two non-public provisions. In the first, Japan and Russia affirmed their mutual right to send additional troops to Korea in the event of any major disturbance, and in the second, both countries affirmed their rights to station troops in Korea until such time that Korea had its own modern army equipped to handle such disturbances. When Yamagata agreed to the terms of the agreement with Lobanov, he was unaware that only a few days earlier, the Russians had signed the Li-Lobanov Treaty with China, a de facto alliance against Japan, in which Russia gained unrestricted access to Manchuria and a lease over the Liaotung Peninsula.

The Yamagata–Lobanov Agreement was superseded by the Nishi-Rosen Agreement of 1898.

See also 
Nishi-Rosen Agreement
Russo-Japanese War

References

Notes

1896 in Japan
Japan–Russia treaties
Treaties of the Empire of Japan
Treaties of the Russian Empire
1896 treaties
Per Linguam is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Stellenbosch University. It covers topics related to language learning and applied language studies and has more recently started including a focus on multilingualism and educational psychology. The issue of multilingualism, in particular, has been identified as an important issue in South Africa.

History 
Per Linguam was established in 1985. The current editor-in-chief is Christa van der Walt.

See also 
 Language education

References

External links 
 

Linguistics journals
Academic journals established in 1985
English-language journals
Biannual journals
Stellenbosch University
1985 establishments in South Africa
The Tecumseh Building, also known as the Francis J. Drolla Building, is a historic building in downtown Springfield, Ohio, United States.  Located at 34 West High Street, it was designed by J.A. Poss and W.E. Russ and is described as being an example of "Early Commercial" architecture.  It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000 for its architectural significance.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Clark County, Ohio

References

National Register of Historic Places in Clark County, Ohio
Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio
Commercial buildings completed in 1922
Buildings and structures in Springfield, Ohio
Autobahn Police Simulator (Autobahn Polizei Simulator in German) is a police driving simulation game developed by Z-Software and published by Aerosoft GmbH. The sequel version of the game was released on December 7, 2017.

The game sets on Germany's highway named Autobahn (Approximately 40 km (25 miles) on the game). The game supports a gaming wheel for it to be more enjoyable and a third-person view or to first-person view. There are 40 missions in the game and free play mode is available. Players can also explore the world in foot and can manually open the vehicle's door. There are male and female characters on the game. There is also realistic radio communications and day and night cycle on the game.

On its gameplay, players will be able to use the "follow me" sign to flag down suspicious cars. Players can secure accidents, inspect truck loads, verifying TÜV (MOT) inspection stickers, and checking for alcohol or drugs.

References 

2015 video games
Aerosoft games
Driving simulators
IOS games
Single-player video games
Video games about police officers
Video games developed in Germany
Windows games
Wilfred Milne (March 1857 – June 1919) was an English tennis player. He was twice a singles quarter finalist at the Wimbledon Championships in 1884 and 1887, and twice a doubles semi-finalist in 1886 and 1891. He was active from 1881 to 1903 and won 3 career singles titles.

Tennis career
Wilfred Milne was born in Chertsey, Surrey, England in March 1857. In 1881 he played and won first event at St George's Hill Open in Weybridge, Surrey. He competed at the Wimbledon Championships in 13 editions between 1881 and 1900. He had an impressive record at the Championships. 

In the gentleman's singles he took part in seven consecutive tournaments where his best results were reaching the quarter finals stage in 1884 where he lost to Ernest Renshaw, and in 1887 where he lost to Charles Lacy Sweet. 

In the gentleman's doubles he took part in nine tournaments between 1884 and 1900. He was a five time quarter finalist in 1884, 1887, 1888 1892 and 1898. In addition he was a twice semi-finalist in 1886 partnering with Charles Hoadley Ashe Ross when they lost to Patrick Bowes-Lyon and Herbert Wilberforce, and in 1891 when he partnered with Arthur Stanley where they lost to Harry S. Barlow and Ernest Renshaw.

His other career singles highlights include winning the Teignmouth and Shaldon Open in 1885 and the Houndiscombe Open in 1888, that was held in the grounds of Houndiscombe House at Plymouth. He was also a losing finalist at the West of England Championships in 1883 to Ernest Brown, the Torquay Open in 1887 where he lost to Ernest Wool Lewis, the West of England Championships in 1889 where he lost to James Baldwin, the Torquay Open in 1890 when he was beaten by Edward James Avory. He was also a losing semi-finalist at the North of England Championships in 1891. Milne played his final singles event at the Teignmouth Open in 1903 after which he retired. 

Wilfred Milne died in June 1919 at Mutford, Suffolk, England age 62.

Career finals

Singles:8 (3 titles, 5 runners-up)

Family
Wilfred was the twin brother of Oswald Milne also a lawn tennis player.

References

External links
Free BMD Entry: Birth. 
Free BMD: Death Entry.

1857 births
1919 deaths
19th-century English people
19th-century male tennis players
English male tennis players
British male tennis players
Tennis people from Surrey
Tennis people from Kent
KELM or variation, may refer to:

 the ICAO code for Elmira/Corning Regional Airport, in Chemung County, New York, United States
 KELM-LP, a defunct low-power television station (channel 43) formerly licensed to Reno, Nevada, United States
 Kelmė, also spelt Kelm, a Lithuanian town
 Kelm, a surname

See also

 
 
 
 Chelm (disambiguation)
 Kelme (disambiguation)