Julia Boggs Grant (née Dent; January 26, 1826 – December 14, 1902) was the first lady of the United States and wife of President Ulysses S. Grant. As first lady, she became a national figure in her own right. Her memoirs, The Personal Memoirs of Julia Dent Grant were published in 1975.

Early life and education 
Julia Boggs Dent was born on January 26, 1826, at White Haven plantation west of St. Louis, Missouri.  Her parents were Frederick Dent (1787–1873), a slaveholding planter and merchant, and Ellen Wrenshall Dent.  Frederick owned about 30 African slaves, whom he freed only when compelled by law, having previously resisted moral arguments against slaveholding.

Julia, a distant maternal relative to Confederate general James Longstreet, was the fifth of eight children.  In her memoirs, Julia described her childhood as "one long summer of sunshine, flowers, and smiles…"

Around 1831–1836, Julia attended the Gravois School, a co-educational one-room schoolhouse in St. Louis.  From age 10 to age 17, Julia attended the Misses Mauros' boarding school in St. Louis with the daughters of other affluent parents.   Julia was a boarding student during the week and returned home to White Haven on weekends.

The Dent family was highly social with visitors coming from among the elite class of Cincinnati, Louisville and Pittsburgh.  William Clark (of Lewis and Clark) and politician Alexander McNair were family friends.

As a young woman, Julia was a skilled pianist, an expert horsewoman and a voracious reader of novels.

Strabismus 
Julia was born with strabismus (more commonly known as "crossed eyes") which prevents both eyes from lining up in the same direction. When she was younger, one of the best surgeons in the country offered to perform the simple operation that would fix them. Julia was not keen on surgery, however, and declined.

Because her strabismus was never corrected, Julia almost always posed in profile for portraits.

Engagement and marriage to Grant
While a student at West Point, New York, Fred Dent wrote his sister Julia about how impressed he was with a fellow student, Ulysses S. Grant. "I want you to know him, he is pure gold."  In 1844, Ulysses S. Grant began visiting the Dent family.  In April of that year, Ulysses asked Julia to wear his class ring, as a sign of their exclusive affection. Eighteen-year-old Julia initially demurred. Grant's regiment was then ordered to Louisiana, in preparation for service in the Mexican War. Distraught at their separation, Julia had an intense dream, which she detailed to several people, that Grant would somehow return within days, wearing civilian clothes and state his intention of staying for a week.  Despite the unlikeliness of the dream, Ulysses did return just as Julia had predicted and the two became engaged.

Children 

The Grants had three sons and a daughter:
 Frederick Dent Grant (1850–1912)soldier, public official
 Ulysses Simpson Grant Jr. known as "Buck" (1852–1929)lawyer
 Ellen Wrenshall Grant known as "Nellie" (1855–1922)homemaker
 Jesse Root Grant (1858–1934)engineer

First Lady 
Grant was the first First Lady recorded on film.

Later life 
Julia Grant was the first First Lady to write a memoir, though she was unable to find a publisher, and had been dead almost 75 years before The Personal Memoirs of Julia Dent Grant (Mrs. Ulysses S. Grant) was finally published in 1975. She had attended in 1897 the dedication of Grant's monumental tomb overlooking the Hudson River in New York City.  She was laid to rest in a sarcophagus beside her husband. She had ended her own chronicle of their years together with a firm declaration: "the light of his glorious fame still reaches out to me, falls upon me, and warms me."

While in Washington, D.C., Julia followed Dolley Madison's lead and acted as a "Queen Mother" figure.  She became friends with First Ladies Frances Cleveland, Caroline Harrison, and Edith Roosevelt.

References

 White House biography
 White Haven – Ulysses S Grant National Historic Site

External links

 Julia Grant at C-SPAN's First Ladies: Influence & Image
 

1826 births
1902 deaths
20th-century American women
19th-century Methodists
19th-century American women writers
20th-century Methodists
19th-century American memoirists
First ladies of the United States
Daughters of the American Revolution people
Grant family
People from St. Louis
Ulysses S. Grant
American women non-fiction writers
American women memoirists
American women slave owners
American slave owners