羅伯特・格雷夫斯

羅伯特・馮蘭克・格雷夫斯（Robert von Ranke Graves，），英國詩人、學者、小說家暨翻譯家。專門從事古希臘和羅馬作品的研究，在他漫長的一生中，他創作了 140 餘部作品。他的回憶錄《向一切告別》（1929 年）講述了他在第一次世界大戰中的經歷；他被譽為最優秀的英語愛情詩詩人。

他以寫作為生，他的歷史小說如《耶穌王》（King Jesus）、關於古羅馬皇帝克勞狄的兩部曲《我，克勞迪亞斯》（I， Claudius）與《被神化的克勞狄和他的妻子梅薩利納》（Claudius the God and His Wife Messalina）、以及拜占庭帝國貝利撒留的生平故事《貝利撒留伯爵》（Count Belisarius）特別受歡迎。他也是傑出的古典拉丁語和古希臘文的翻譯家，1934 年格雷夫斯因小說《我，克勞迪斯》被授予詹姆斯・泰特・布萊克紀念獎。

作品

1.1 詩集

Country Sentiment, New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1920
Over the Brazier. London: William Heinemann, 1923; New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1923.

The Feather Bed. Richmond, Surrey: Hogarth Press, 1923.

Mock Beggar Hall. London: Hogarth Press, 1924.

Welchmans Hose. London: The Fleuron, 1925.

Poems. London: Ernest Benn, 1925.

The Marmosites Miscellany (as John Doyle). London: Hogarth Press, 1925.

Poems (1914–1926). London: William Heinemann, 1927; Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1929.

Poems (1914–1927). London: William Heinemann
To Whom Else? Deyá, Majorca: Seizin Press, 1931.

Poems 1930–1933. London: Arthur Barker, 1933.

Collected Poems. London: Cassell, 1938; New York: Random House, 1938.

No More Ghosts: Selected Poems. London: Faber & Faber, 1940.

Work in Hand, with Norman Cameron and Alan Hodge. London: Hogarth Press, 1942.

Poems. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1943.

Poems 1938–1945. London: Cassell, 1945; New York: Creative Age Press, 1946.

Collected Poems (1914–1947). London: Cassell, 1948.

Poems and Satires. London: Cassell, 1951.

Poems 1953. London: Cassell, 1953.

Collected Poems 1955. New York: Doubleday, 1955.

Poems Selected by Himself. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1957; rev. 1961, 1966, 1972, 1978.

The Poems of Robert Graves. New York: Doubleday, 1958.

Collected Poems 1959. London: Cassell, 1959.

The Penny Fiddle: Poems for Children. London: Cassell, 1960; New York: Doubleday, 1961.

More Poems 1961. London: Cassell, 1961.

Collected Poems. New York: Doubleday, 1961.

New Poems 1962. London: Cassell, 1962; as New Poems. New York: Doubleday, 1963.

The More Deserving Cases: Eighteen Old Poems for Reconsideration. Marlborough College Press, 1962.

Man Does, Woman Is. London: Cassell, 1964/New York:Doubleday, 1964.

Ann at Highwood Hall: Poems for Children. London: Cassell, 1964.

Love Respelt. London: Cassell, 1965/New York: Doubleday, 1966.

One Hard Look, 1965
Collected Poems, 1965. London: Cassell, 1965.

Seventeen Poems Missing from "Love Respelt". privately printed, 1966.

Colophon to "Love Respelt". Privately printed, 1967.

Poems 1965–1968. London: Cassell, 1968; New York: Doubleday, 1969.

Poems About Love. London: Cassell, 1969; New York: Doubleday, 1969.

Love Respelt Again. New York: Doubleday, 1969.

Beyond Giving. privately printed, 1969.

Poems 1968–1970. London: Cassell, 1970; New York: Doubleday, 1971.

The Green-Sailed Vessel. privately printed, 1971.

Poems: Abridged for Dolls and Princes. London: Cassell, 1971.

Poems 1970–1972. London: Cassell, 1972; New York: Doubleday, 1973.

Deyá, A Portfolio. London: Motif Editions, 1972.

Timeless Meeting: Poems. privately printed, 1973.

At the Gate. privately printed, London, 1974.

Collected Poems 1975. London: Cassell, 1975.

New Collected Poems. New York: Doubleday, 1977.

Selected Poems, ed. Paul O'Prey. London: Penguin, 1986
The Centenary Selected Poems, ed. Patrick Quinn. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.

Complete Poems Volume 1, ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.

Complete Poems Volume 2, ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1996.

Complete Poems Volume 3, ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1999.

The Complete Poems in One Volume, ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 2000.

1.2 小說

My Head! My Head!. London: Secker, 1925; Alfred. A. Knopf, New York, 1925.

The Shout. London: Mathews & Marrot, 1929.

No Decency Left. (with Laura Riding) (as Barbara Rich). London: Jonathan Cape, 1932.

The Real David Copperfield. London: Arthur Barker, 1933; as David Copperfield, by Charles Dickens, Condensed by Robert Graves, ed. M. P. Paine. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1934.

I, Claudius. London: Arthur Barker, 1934; New York: Smith & Haas, 1934.

Sequel: Claudius the God and his Wife Messalina. London: Arthur Barker, 1934; New York: Smith & Haas, 1935.

Antigua, Penny, Puce. Deyá, Majorca/London: Seizin Press/Constable, 1936; New York: Random House, 1937.

Count Belisarius. London: Cassell, 1938: Random House, New York, 1938.

Sergeant Lamb of the Ninth. London: Methuen, 1940; as Sergeant Lamb's America. New York: Random House, 1940.

Sequel: Proceed, Sergeant Lamb. London: Methuen, 1941; New York: Random House, 1941.

The Story of Marie Powell: Wife to Mr. Milton. London: Cassell, 1943; as Wife to Mr Milton: The Story of Marie Powell. New York: Creative Age Press, 1944.

The Golden Fleece. London: Cassell, 1944; as Hercules, My Shipmate, New York: Creative Age Press, 1945.

King Jesus. New York: Creative Age Press, 1946; London: Cassell, 1946.

Watch the North Wind Rise. New York: Creative Age Press, 1949; as Seven Days in New Crete. London: Cassell, 1949.

The Islands of Unwisdom. New York: Doubleday, 1949; as The Isles of Unwisdom. London: Cassell, 1950.

Homer's Daughter. London: Cassell, 1955; New York: Doubleday, 1955.

Catacrok! Mostly Stories, Mostly Funny. London: Cassell, 1956.

They Hanged My Saintly Billy. London: Cassell, 1957; New York: Doubleday, 1957.

Collected Short Stories. Doubleday: New York, 1964; Cassell, London, 1965.

An Ancient Castle. London: Peter Owen, 1980.

1.3 其他作品

On English Poetry. New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1922; London: Heinemann, 1922.

The Meaning of Dreams. London: Cecil Palmer, 1924; New York: Greenberg, 1925.

Poetic Unreason and Other Studies. London: Cecil Palmer, 1925.

Contemporary Techniques of Poetry: A Political Analogy. London: Hogarth Press, 1925.

Another Future of Poetry. London: Hogarth Press, 1926.

Impenetrability or The Proper Habit of English. London: Hogarth Press, 1927.

The English Ballad: A Short Critical Survey. London: Ernest Benn, 1927; revised as English and Scottish Ballads. London: William Heinemann, 1957; New York: Macmillan, 1957.

Lars Porsena or The Future of Swearing and Improper Language. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1927; E. P. Dutton, New York, 1927; revised as The Future of Swearing and Improper Language. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1936.

A Survey of Modernist Poetry (with Laura Riding). London: William Heinemann, 1927; New York: Doubleday, 1928.

Lawrence and the Arabs. London: Jonathan Cape, 1927; as Lawrence and the Arabian Adventure. New York: Doubleday, 1928.

A Pamphlet Against Anthologies (with Laura Riding). London: Jonathan Cape, 1928; as Against Anthologies. New York: Doubleday, 1928.

Mrs. Fisher or The Future of Humour. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1928.

Good-bye to All That: An Autobiography. London: Jonathan Cape, 1929; New York: Jonathan Cape and Smith, 1930; rev., New York: Doubleday, 1957; London: Cassell, 1957; Penguin: Harmondsworth, 1960.

But It Still Goes On: An Accumulation. London: Jonathan Cape, 1930; New York: Jonathan Cape and Smith, 1931.

T. E. Lawrence to His Biographer Robert Graves. New York: Doubleday, 1938; London: Faber & Faber, 1939.

The Long Weekend (with Alan Hodge). London: Faber & Faber, 1940; New York: Macmillan, 1941.

The Reader Over Your Shoulder (with Alan Hodge). London: Jonathan Cape, 1943; New York: Macmillan, 1943.

The White Goddess. London: Faber & Faber, 1948; New York: Creative Age Press, 1948; rev., London: Faber & Faber, 1952, 1961; New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1958.

The Common Asphodel: Collected Essays on Poetry 1922–1949. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1949.

Occupation: Writer. New York: Creative Age Press, 1950; London: Cassell, 1951.

The Golden Ass of Apuleius, New York: Farrar, Straus, 1951.

The Nazarene Gospel Restored (with Joshua Podro). London: Cassell, 1953; New York: Doubleday, 1954.

The Greek Myths. London: Penguin, 1955; Baltimore: Penguin, 1955.

The Crowning Privilege: The Clark Lectures, 1954–1955. London: Cassell, 1955; New York: Doubleday, 1956.

Adam's Rib. London: Trianon Press, 1955; New York: Yoseloff, 1958.

Jesus in Rome (with Joshua Podro). London: Cassell, 1957.

Steps. London: Cassell, 1958.

5 Pens in Hand. New York: Doubleday, 1958.

The Anger of Achilles. New York: Doubleday, 1959.

Food for Centaurs. New York: Doubleday, 1960.

Greek Gods and Heroes. New York: Doubleday, 1960; as Myths of Ancient Greece. London: Cassell, 1961.

Selected Poetry and Prose (ed. James Reeves). London: Hutchinson, 1961.

Oxford Addresses on Poetry. London: Cassell, 1962; New York: Doubleday, 1962.

The Siege and Fall of Troy. London: Cassell, 1962; New York: Doubleday, 1963.

The Big Green Book. New York: Crowell Collier, 1962; Penguin: Harmondsworth, 1978. Illustrated by Maurice Sendak
Hebrew Myths. The Book of Genesis (with Raphael Patai). New York: Doubleday, 1964; London: Cassell, 1964.

Majorca Observed. London: Cassell, 1965; New York: Doubleday, 1965.

Mammon and the Black Goddess. London: Cassell, 1965; New York: Doubleday, 1965.

Two Wise Children. New York: Harlin Quist, 1966; London: Harlin Quist, 1967.

The Rubaiyyat of Omar Khayyam (with Omar Ali-Shah). London: Cassell, 1967.

Poetic Craft and Principle. London: Cassell, 1967.

The Poor Boy Who Followed His Star. London: Cassell, 1968; New York: Doubleday, 1969.

Greek Myths and Legends. London: Cassell, 1968.

The Crane Bag. London: Cassell, 1969.

On Poetry: Collected Talks and Essays. New York: Doubleday, 1969.

Difficult Questions, Easy Answers. London: Cassell, 1972; New York: Doubleday, 1973.

In Broken Images: Selected Letters 1914–1946, ed. Paul O'Prey. London: Hutchinson, 1982
Between Moon and Moon: Selected Letters 1946–1972, ed. Paul O'Prey. London: Hutchinson, 1984
Collected Writings on Poetry, ed. Paul O'Prey, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.

Complete Short Stories, ed. Lucia Graves, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.

Some Speculations on Literature, History, and Religion, ed. Patrick Quinn, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 2000.

5 November address, X magazine, Volume One, Number Three, June 1960; An Anthology from X (Oxford University Press 1988).