Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1932, adopted unanimously on June 29, 2010, after recalling resolutions 955 (1995), 1165 (1998), 1329 (2000), 1411 (2002), 1431 (2002), 1717 (2006), 1824 (2008), 1855 (2008), 1878 (2008) and 1901 (2009) on Rwanda, the Council noted that the 2010 target for the completion of trials at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) could not be met, and therefore extended the terms of 16 judges at the ICTR.

Resolution

Observations
The Security Council recalled resolutions 1503 (2003) and 1534 (2004) which called for the completion of all ICTR cases by 2010. Earlier in 2009 the Council expressed its intention to review the terms of all trial judges at the ICTR, and expressed concern at the loss of experienced staff at the Tribunal. Furthermore, it noted that one permanent and two ad litem judges would leave before the end of 2010 upon the completion of their respective cases. The council was aware of the lack of co-operation by Kenya in the case of Félicien Kabuga and a later pledge by the country to enhance co-operation made at the Security Council.

Acts
Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the Council reaffirmed the necessity of the trial of those indicted by the ICTR and called for full co-operation from all states, particularly those in the African Great Lakes region, with regard to bringing Félicien Kabuga, Augustin Bizimana and Protais Mpiranya to justice. It also acknowledged that the Tribunal had to be adequately staffed.

The following permanent judges had their terms extended until December 31, 2012 or until the completion of their cases:

 Mehmet Güney (Turkey)
 Andrésia Vaz (Senegal)

The following permanent judges had their terms extended until December 31, 2011 or until the completion of their cases:

 Charles Michael Dennis Byron (Saint Kitts and Nevis)
 Khalida Rachid Khan (Pakistan)
 Arlette Ramaroson (Madagascar)
 William H. Sekule (Tanzania)
 Bakhtiyar Tuzmukhamedov (Russia)

The following ad litem judges had their terms extended until December 31, 2011 or until the completion of their cases:

 Aydin Sefa Akay (Turkey)
 Florence Rita Arrey (Cameroon)
 Solomy Balungi Bossa (Uganda)
 Vagn Joensen (Denmark)
 Gberdao Gustave Kam (Burkina Faso)
 Lee Gacugia Muthoga (Kenya)
 Seon Ki Park (South Korea)
 Mparany Mamy Richard Rajohnson (Madagascar)
 Emile Francis Short (Ghana)

Finally, the Statute of the Tribunal was amended concerning the election and appointment of ad litem judges.

See also
 List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1901 to 2000 (2009–2011)
 Rwandan genocide

References

External links
 
Text of the Resolution at undocs.org

 1932
 1932
June 2010 events
Stanley Mulaik may refer to:

Stanley A. Mulaik (born 1935), psychologist and Interlingua proponent
Stanley B. Mulaik (1902–1995), zoologist
Podolobium scandens, commonly known as netted shaggy-pea, is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a prostrate, small shrub with orange-yellow pea-like flowers and red markings.

Description
Podolobium scandens is a low, spreading, prostrate shrub with branches sometimes up to  long.  The leaves are mostly arranged opposite, oval to egg-shaped to elliptic,  long,  wide, margins more or less finely scalloped, upper surface dark green, shiny and veined, lower surface paler with occasional hairs, apex either sharp, rounded or notched. The flowers are borne in racemes in leaf axils or at the end of branches, the corolla about  long, orange or yellow with brown reddish markings. Flowering occurs in spring to summer and the fruit is an egg-shaped pod  long with soft, short hairs.

Taxonomy and naming
The species was first described in 1805 by James Edward Smith and given the name Chorizema scandens.  In 1825 Augustin Pyramus de Candolle changed the name to Podolobium scandens and the description was published in Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis.

Distribution and habitat
Netted shaggy-pea grows in rocky clay soils in sclerophyll forests on ranges and coastal situations north of Bodalla in New South Wales.

References

Fabales of Australia
Flora of New South Wales
Flora of Queensland
scandens
Plants described in 1825
Taxa named by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle
Kashiya Yokocho (Penny Candy Lane) is a shopping street in Kawagoe City, Saitama Prefecture. Confectionery stores including penny candy stores line both sides of the street.

Origins and history 
The origin of the street dates back to 1796 (8th year of the Kansei Era), when Tozaemon Suzuki started to produce simple candies of Tokyoite choice in the present location, which flourished as the temple town of Yojuin temple. Later, the number of stores increased by sharing goodwill. After the Great Kanto Earthquake, this street manufactured and shipped Edo style candies such as Chitose Ame (red and white long stick candy), Kintarō-ame (long stick candy with Kintaro’s face), Mizu Yokan (soft adzuki-bean jelly) and Karinto (fried dough cookies) instead of devastated Tokyo.
In the early Showa Era, there used to be more than 70 stores. At present, some 20 stores keep making candies according to the traditional manufacturing method.
The street is stone-paved, whose quiet old atmosphere attracts tourists with its nostalgic feel. Kashiya Yokocho was chosen as one of the ‘100 Scent Sceneries’ by the Ministry of the Environment.

In June 2015, 5 stores burned down in a fire triggered by one of the candy stores there.

References

External links 

 Koedo Kawagoe Tourist Association 

Tourist attractions in Saitama Prefecture
Buildings and structures in Kawagoe, Saitama
Finney is a six-part British television crime drama series, written and created by David Kane and directed by David Hayman, that first broadcast on ITV on 17 November 1994. A television spin-off from the 1988 film Stormy Monday, Finney stars David Morrissey in the title role, taking over from Sting. The series was produced by Zenith Entertainment in association with Tyne Tees Television. The series was produced by Nigel Stafford-Clark, who also acted as producer on Stormy Monday.

Finney co-starred Christopher Fairbank, Lynn Farleigh, Melanie Hill, Pooky Quesnel, Clive Russell, Andy Serkis and John Woodvine in supporting roles, and follows the struggle for power between two rival crime families - the Finneys and the Simpsons. The series received critical acclaim, including The Times, who commented "It's the real thing. The acting is terrific." and the Daily Star, who called the series "addictive viewing" and commented that it was "nail-bitingly good." The complete series was released on Region 1 DVD in the United States on 28 August 2007; but remains unreleased on Region 2.

Reception
Allison Pearson of The Independent reviewed the first episode of the series, writing, "Finney... is an everyday story of disorganised crime in which the Corleone family has quit Long Island for Whitley Bay, changed its name to Tucker and been issued with Geordie accents that deliver lines of untold menace... With its designer violence, Finney is just what the network director ordered. Its main problem is perennial and insoluble: British villains are just not up to speed."

Cast
 David Morrissey as Stephen Finney
 Christopher Fairbank as Bobo Simpson Jr.
 Lynn Farleigh as Mary
 Melanie Hill as Lena Finney
 Pooky Quesnel as Carol Finney
 Clive Russell as Tucker Finney
 Andy Serkis as Tom Finney
 John Woodvine as Bobo Simpson Snr.
 Michael Yeaman as Jimmy Spears
 David Hayman as McDade 
 Brian Lewis as PawPaw 
 Angela Lonsdale as Suzie Finney
 Mark Benton as Billy 
 Jonathan Magnanti as Iain 
 John McArdle as Louis Souter

Episodes

References

External links

1994 British television series debuts
1994 British television series endings
1990s British crime television series
1990s British drama television series
ITV television dramas
1990s British television miniseries
Television shows produced by Tyne Tees Television
Television series by ITV Studios
English-language television shows
Television shows set in Newcastle upon Tyne
Television shows set in Northumberland
The Olimpíada de Matemática do Grande ABC (English:Grande ABC Mathematical Olympiad), or OMABC is a mathematical competition for pre-collegiate Brazilian students of Grande ABC region, composed by the following cities: 
 

  Santo André
  São Caetano do Sul 
  São Bernardo do Campo
  Diadema
  Mauá
  Ribeirão Pires
  Rio Grande da Serra

The Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas da Universidade Metodista de São Paulo is the main organizator of this event, who create the tests and correct then. The main purpose of this olympiad is improve the mathematical knowledge, encouraging the study and research in scientific areas., and contributing to participate in national mathematical competitions, like Olimpíada Brasileira de Matemática das Escolas Públicas and Olimpíada Brasileira de Matemática. The first edition was held in 2004.

Awards

Students 

The participants are ranked based on their individual scores. Medals are awarded to the highest ranked participants, such that slightly less than half of them receive a medal. Subsequently, the cutoffs (minimum scores required to receive a gold, silver or bronze medal respectively) are chosen such that the ratio of gold to silver to bronze medals awarded approximates 1 : 2 : 3.

  Gold medal
  Silver medal
  Bronze medal

Schools 

Special prizes are awarded for the schools:

  Trophy: For the schools whose students received at least a  golden medal.
  Honorable Mention: For the schools at least one student received an award.

Champions of OMABC

Schools awarded with trophies

References

External links 
 OMABC - Olimpíada de Matemática do Grande ABC
 UMESP - Universidade Metodista de São Paulo
 IMPA - Instituto de Matemática Pura e Aplicada

Mathematics competitions
Brunnion is a hamlet between Trencrom and Nancledra in west Cornwall, England, UK. It is in the civil parish of Ludgvan

References

Hamlets in Cornwall
Scoulerine, also known as discretamine and aequaline, is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA) that is derived directly from (S)-reticuline through the action of berberine bridge enzyme. It is a precursor of other BIAs, notably berberine, noscapine, (S)-tetrahydropalmatine, and (S)-stylopine, as well as the alkaloids protopine, and sanguinarine.  It is found in many plants, including opium poppy, Croton flavens, and certain plants in the genus Erythrina. 

Studies show that scoulerine is an antagonist in vitro at the α2-adrenoceptor, α1D-adrenoceptor and 5-HT receptor. It has also been found to be a GABAA receptor agonist in vitro.

References

Isoquinolinoisoquinolines
Natural opium alkaloids
Phenols
Catechol ethers
Methoxy compounds
John Fitzjames may refer to:

 Sir John FitzJames, Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench, 1526–1539
 Sir John Fitzjames (MP), English politician
Charles Nissen (c.1880 – 13 March 1944) was a British philatelist, and stamp dealer who discovered the famous stock exchange forgery and wrote, with Bertram McGowan, the definitive book on the plating of the Penny Black.

The Royal Philatelic Collection
He was instrumental in building the Royal Philatelic Collection and often acted as auction agent  for King George V of the United Kingdom by whom he was awarded a Royal Warrant.

The Perkins Bacon records
With Harry Nissen and Thomas Allen, Nissen purchased the Perkins Bacon records which were then acquired by The Royal Philatelic Society London.

The Stock Exchange forgery

Nissen discovered the Stock Exchange Forgery of 1872-73 in 1898 when examining used stamps from telegraph forms. The stamps were found to be forged due to the absence of a watermark and because they had impossible corner lettering. It is believed that a clerk in the Stock Exchange Post Office, London, had been supplementing his income by taking the one shilling telegram fees and using forged stamps instead.

Organised philately
Nissen was an early member of the Fiscal Philatelic Society, and was appointed to the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1923.

Writings
In 1922 Nissen wrote, with Bertram McGowan, his masterwork The Plating of the Penny Black Postage Stamp of Great Britain, 1840 for which he received The Crawford Medal for philatelic literature from The Royal Philatelic Society London.

His firm, Chas. Nissen & Co. Limited continued after his death and enjoyed a Royal Warrant from Queen Elizabeth II as stamp dealers. Nissen also worked with McGowan on the plating of the Queen Victoria Penny Red and his work was eventually completed by J.B.M. Stanton and published after Nissen's death by his own firm.

Publications 
The Plating of the Penny Black Postage Stamp of Great Britain, 1840, London 1922. (With Bertram McGowan)
Official Stamps of Great Britain, London 1906. (With I.J. Bernstein)

References 

British stamp dealers
British philatelists
1880s births
1944 deaths
Signatories to the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists
20th-century British businesspeople
Michael J. "Mike" Richards (born 13 September 1950) is a male Welsh former competitive swimmer.

Swimming career
Richards represented Great Britain at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany.  Richards advanced to the semi-finals of the men's 100-metre backstroke, and posted a time of 1:01.27, finishing 15th overall. At the ASA National British Championships he won the 100 metres backstroke title twice (1970, 1971) and the 200 metres backstroke title twice (1970, 1971).

See also
 List of Commonwealth Games medallists in swimming (men)

References

1950 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Newport, Wales
Male backstroke swimmers
Olympic swimmers for Great Britain
Swimmers at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Welsh male swimmers
Swimmers at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Wales
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Wales
Commonwealth Games medallists in swimming
Universiade medalists in swimming
Universiade bronze medalists for Great Britain
Medalists at the 1970 Summer Universiade
Medallists at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games
The Court of Claims in the United Kingdom is a special court established after the accession of a new sovereign to judge the validity of the claims of persons to perform certain honorary services at the coronation.

The first recorded such court was held in 1377 before the lord high steward. Since the time of Henry VII, commissioners have been appointed in lieu, and the court now consists of a royal commission appointed under the Great Seal.

The court may refer any claim to the sovereign's pleasure, and the sovereign may withdraw a claim from the commission and transfer it to another tribunal.

For the 2023 coronation of Charles III and Camilla, a Coronation Claims Office in the Cabinet Office replaced the court.

References

Further reading 
Coronation of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second : minutes of the proceedings of the Court of claims (Crown Office, 1952)
Coronation Claims, Gerald Wollaston (London, 1910)

External links
 — Court of Claims 1910
 — Court of Claims 1936

British royalty
Courts of the United Kingdom
Constitution of the United Kingdom
Viktor Vasylovych Pasulko (; born 1 January 1961) is a Ukrainian football manager and former player. He serves as head coach of FC Okzhetpes.

Club career
Pasulko was born in Ilnitsa, Ukrainian SSR. He played most of his career as a midfielder in various teams in the former USSR. The last ten years of his career he spent in Germany playing for lower division teams.

International career
Pasulko made his debut for Soviet Union on 20 February 1988 in a friendly against Italy. He played at the UEFA Euro 1988, including the final game against Netherlands and scoring a goal in a group match against England.

Managerial career
Pasulko was plucked from amateur football to succeed Alexandru Spiridon as Moldova national football team manager in January 2002.

In July 2014 he was surprisingly named new head coach of Italian Serie D amateurs Orlandina. His experience in Sicily was however short-lived as he was sacked on 22 September 2014 after just collecting three draws in the first three league games.

Honours
 Soviet Top League winner: 1987, 1989
 UEFA Euro 1988 runner-up

References

External links
Profile at RussiaTeam 

1961 births
Living people
Footballers from Zakarpattia Oblast
Soviet men's footballers
Ukrainian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Soviet Union men's international footballers
UEFA Euro 1988 players
Soviet Top League players
2. Bundesliga players
FC Spartak Moscow players
Eintracht Braunschweig players
FSC Bukovyna Chernivtsi players
FC Chornomorets Odesa players
FC Hoverla Uzhhorod players
SC Fortuna Köln players
Bonner SC players
Ukrainian football managers
Moldova national football team managers
Khazar Lankaran FK managers
FC Shurtan Guzar managers
FC Atyrau managers
FC Ordabasy managers
ASV Durlach players
FC Okzhetpes managers
Soviet expatriate men's footballers
Ukrainian expatriate men's footballers
Ukrainian expatriate football managers
Soviet expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in Moldova
Expatriate football managers in Moldova
Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in Azerbaijan
Expatriate football managers in Azerbaijan
Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in Uzbekistan
Expatriate football managers in Uzbekistan
Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in Kazakhstan
Expatriate football managers in Kazakhstan
Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Expatriate football managers in Italy
Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in Luxembourg
Expatriate football managers in Luxembourg
Saxons, known as Sasi (), migrated to medieval Serbia in the mid-13th century from Hungary. Serbia's mines were developed by the community.

The earliest mention of Saxons in Serbia is from 1253–54, which shows them as an established community. These Saxons, or Sasi, had settled the Kingdom of Serbia during the reign of Stefan Uroš I (r. 1243–1276), from the Kingdom of Hungary. Under Stefan Uroš I, Serbia became a significant power in the Balkans, partly due to economic development through opening of mines. The mines were developed by the Sasi, who were experienced in the extracting of ore. Their settlements, located by the mines, had privileged status – they lived under their own laws and were allowed to adhere to Catholicism and build their churches.

Mines included Brskovo, Novo Brdo, and others.

Legacy
The villages of Šašare and Sase, Srebrenica, and the Saška reka was named after the community. 

Also, the settlement of Šaškovac near the town of Pristina in Kosovo is named after the Saxons. Mines as well as Novo Brdo were located in the immediate vicinity.

See also
Vlachs in medieval Serbia

References

Sources

Takács, Miklós. "Sächsische Bergleute im mittelalterlichen Serbien und die" sächsische Kirche" von Novo Brdo." Südost Forschungen 50 (1991): 31-60.
Katančević, Andreja. "Da li su Sasi imali privilegije u mešovitim sporovima u srednjovekovnoj Srbiji?." Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu-Časopis za pravne i društvene nauke 63.2 (2016).

Communities in medieval Serbia
Duchy of Saxony
Economy of Serbia in the Middle Ages
Mining in Serbia
Chamaecrista pumila is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is native to China and Tropical Asia. It grows up to  tall.

References

pumila
Flora of the Indian subcontinent
In cryptography, differential equations of addition (DEA) are one of the most basic equations related to differential cryptanalysis that mix additions over two different groups (e.g. addition modulo 232 and addition over GF(2)) and  where input and output differences are expressed as XORs.

Examples 
Differential equations of addition (DEA) are of the following form:

where  and  are -bit unknown variables and ,  and  are known variables. The symbols  and  denote addition modulo  and bitwise exclusive-or respectively. The above equation is denoted by .

Let a set 

 

for integer  denote a system of  DEA where  is a polynomial in . It has been proved that the satisfiability of an arbitrary set of DEA is in the complexity class P when a brute force search requires an exponential time. 

In 2013, some properties of a special form of DEA were reported by Chengqing Li et al., where  and  is assumed known. Essentially, the special DEA can be represented as . Based on the found properties, an algorithm for deriving  was proposed and analyzed.

Applications 
Solution to an arbitrary set of DEA (either in batch and or in adaptive query model) was due to Souradyuti Paul and Bart Preneel. The solution techniques have been used to attack the stream cipher Helix.

Further reading 
 Souradyuti Paul and Bart Preneel, Solving Systems of Differential Equations of Addition, ACISP 2005.  Full version (PDF)
 Souradyuti Paul and Bart Preneel, Near Optimal Algorithms for Solving Differential Equations of Addition With Batch Queries, Indocrypt 2005.  Full version (PDF)
 Helger Lipmaa, Johan Wallén, Philippe Dumas: On the Additive Differential Probability of Exclusive-Or. FSE 2004: 317-331.

References 

Cryptographic attacks
Theory of cryptography
Ciphers
Algebra
CLP(R) is a declarative programming language. It stands for constraint logic programming (Real) where real refers to the real numbers. It can be considered and is generally implemented as a superset or add-on package for a Prolog implementation.

Example rule 
The simultaneous linear equations:

are expressed in CLP(R) as:

3*X + 4*Y - 2*Z = 8,
X - 5*Y + Z = 10,
2*X + 3*Y -Z = 20. 

and a typical implementation's response would be:

Z = 35.75
Y = 8.25
X = 15.5

Yes

Example program

CLP(R) allows the definition of predicates using recursive definitions. For example a mortgage relation can be defined as
relating the principal P, the number of time periods of the loan T, the repayment each period R, the interest rate per period I
and the final balance owing at the end of the loan B.
mg(P, T, R, I, B) :- T = 0, B = R.
mg(P, T, R, I, B) :- T >= 1, P1 = P*(1+I) - R, mg(P1, T - 1, R, I, B).
The first rule expresses that for a 0 period loan the balance owing at the end is simply the original principal.
The second rule expresses that for a loan of at least one time period we can calculate the new owing amount P1 by 
multiplying the principal by 1 plus the interest rate and subtracting the repayment.  The remainder of the loan
is treated as another mortgage for the new principal and one less time period.

What can you do with it?  You can ask many questions.
If I borrow 1000$ for 10 years at 10% per year repaying 150 per year, how much will I owe at the end?
?- mg(1000, 10, 150, 10/100, B).
The system responds with the answer
B = 203.129.

How much can I borrow with a 10 year loan at 10% repaying 150 each year to owe nothing at the end?
?- mg(P, 10, 150, 10/100, 0).
The system responds with the answer
P = 921.685.

What is the relationship between the principal, repayment and balance on a 10 year loan at 10% interest?
?- mg(P, 10, R, 10/100, B).
The system responds with the answer
P = 0.3855*B + 6.1446 * R.
This shows the relationship between the variables, without requiring any to take a particular value.

References
 Joxan Jaffar, Spiro Michaylov, Peter J. Stuckey, Roland H. C. Yap: The CLP(R) Language and System. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems 14(3): 339-395 (1992)

External links
 How To CLP(R)
 CLP(R) Programming Manual

Prolog programming language family
Constraint logic programming