Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Josemans v Burgemeester van Maastricht (case C-137/09) is a European Union law case from 2010, concerning cannabis and the free movement of services in the European Union. The Second Chamber of the Court of Justice of the European Union pronounced its ruling on 16 December 2010.

Facts
Netherlands prohibited marketing of marijuana, but tolerated by law. Municipal legislation in Maastricht limited access to marijuana cafes to residents only. Josemans, who ran a coffee shop selling marijuana, claimed that this prohibition contravened the freedom to provide services under TFEU article 56, and that it would have to be justified.

Judgment
The Court of Justice, Second Chamber, held that TFEU article 56 could not be relied on to challenge municipal laws. Legislation restricting free movement of services was justified by the need to combat drug tourism.

Significance
The case has been criticised for its inconsistency on previous Court of Justice cases on illegal services. For example, De Witte writes the following.

See also

European Union law

References

2010 in cannabis
2010 in case law
2010 in the Netherlands
Cannabis in Europe
Cannabis in the Netherlands
Drug policy
European Union services case law
History of Maastricht
Maastricht
Recreational drug tourism
Sir Thomas Munro Gault  (, 31 October 1938 – 19 May 2015) was a New Zealand jurist. He was a Justice of the Supreme Court of New Zealand and a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom as well as a non-permanent judge of the Court of Final Appeal in Hong Kong. He was also a justice of the Supreme Court of Fiji.

Gault attended Wellington College and graduated with a Master of Laws degree from Victoria University of Wellington. After graduation, he was a member of the law firm A J Park & Son for 20 years. In 1981, he began practising as a barrister sole, and in 1984 he was appointed a Queen's Counsel.

His first appointment to the bench was as a Judge of the High Court in 1987, followed three years later by being made a member of the Court of Appeal. He was appointed President of the Court of Appeal in May 2002.

In the 2001 New Year Honours, Gault was appointed a Distinguished Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to the judiciary. In the 2009 Special Honours, he accepted re-designation as a Knight Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit following the restoration of titular honours by the New Zealand government.

A keen golfer, Gault won the New Zealand Universities’ Championship, and was awarded Blues by both Victoria University and the University of New Zealand. Moving into the administration of the game, he was President of the New Zealand Golf Association from 1987 to 1996 and as an Advisory Member of the Rules of Golf and Amateur Status Committees from 1978 to 1996. He was referee for The Open Championship from 1993 to 1998. He joined The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews in 1994, and was made its first New Zealand captain in September 2005.

Gault died at home in Auckland in 2015.

References

External links
Supreme Court Judges. Retrieved 7 March 2006.
"First Captain from New Zealand drives in", 22 September 2005.

1938 births
2015 deaths
Court of Appeal of New Zealand judges
People educated at Wellington College (New Zealand)
Golf administrators
High Court of New Zealand judges
20th-century New Zealand judges
Supreme Court of New Zealand judges
Victoria University of Wellington alumni
Justices of the Court of Final Appeal (Hong Kong)
New Zealand judges on the courts of Hong Kong
New Zealand judges on the courts of Fiji
Supreme Court of Fiji justices
Knights Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit
New Zealand King's Counsel
Members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
People from Wellington City
New Zealand members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
21st-century New Zealand lawyers
John Dragonetti is an American composer, songwriter, and music producer based in Los Angeles, California.  He is also a founding member (along with Blake Hazard) of the band The Submarines.

Early life
Dragonetti was born in Jackson, MI. His family moved to Egypt, where his father was principal of the American School in Cairo, at age 5. He spent most of his childhood in Dubai, U.A.E before attending boarding school in Nicosia, Cyprus. After high school at TASIS in Cyprus, John moved to Boston to attend Berklee College of Music.

Pop career

Based in Boston in 1996, Dragonetti began recording on 4-track cassette under the moniker Jack Drag. These home recordings were released by the Chapel Hill-based label, Hep-Cat. He later signed to A&M Records and released the band’s only major label LP, Dope Box, which was produced by Chris Shaw. Dragonetti released two more self-produced Jack Drag albums, Aviating and The Sun Inside.

In 2006 he formed The Submarines with Blake Hazard. The band toured extensively and released three albums on Nettwerk Records. The group's songs were heavily placed in films, television shows, and commercials such as Nick & Norah’s Infinite Playlist and Nip/Tuck. Most notably was for Apple’s iPhone ad campaign. The company licensed two songs, "Submarine Symphonika" and "You, Me and the Bourgeoisie" from Honeysuckle Weeks.

Film and television 
Dragonetti's first film score was for Doug Pray's Surfwise. He has also worked extensively with director Brian Knappenberger, composing the music for The Internet's Own Boy and We Are Legion: The Story of the Hacktivists. Among his television scores are the FX series Married and AMC’s Small Town Security. Dragonetti has also composed music for commercials including Volkswagen, Lexus, and Coca-Cola.

Works

Film and television 
 Web of Make Believe: Death, Lies & the Internet - 2022
 Truth and Power - 2016
 Baby, Baby, Baby - 2015
 Married - 2015
 About Scout - 2015
 (Dis)Honesty: The Truth About Lies - 2015
 Ice Warriors: USA Sled Hockey - 2014
 The Internet's Own Boy - 2014
 Frontline - 2012-2013
 Freeloaders - 2012
 Small Town Security - 2012
 We Are Legion - 2012
 The Secret Life of Scientists and Engineers  - 2009-2011
 Big Ideas for a Small Planet - 2007-2009
 Surfwise - 2007
 Number 1 Single - 2006
 Father of the Pride - 2004-2005

Producer discography

Remixes

References

American male composers
21st-century American composers
Musicians from Los Angeles
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American male musicians
Augustus V. Long (May 14, 1877 – May 20, 1955) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida.

Education and career

Born in Lake City, Florida, Long attended Florida Agricultural College (now the University of Florida), and read law to enter the bar in 1898. He was a United States Army Lieutenant during the Spanish–American War. He was in private practice in Starke, Florida from 1898 to 1910. He was a member of the Florida House of Representatives in 1903. He was a State's Attorney of Florida in 1907. He was State's Attorney for the Eighth Judicial Circuit of Florida from 1910 to 1921. He was a Judge of the Circuit Court of Appeals for the Eighth Judicial Circuit of Florida from 1921 to 1934.

Federal judicial service

On May 26, 1934, Long was nominated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to a seat on the United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida vacated by Judge William Bostwick Sheppard. Long was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 29, 1934, and received his commission on June 4, 1934. He assumed senior status on October 1, 1947. Long served in that capacity until his death on May 20, 1955.

References

Sources
 

1877 births
1955 deaths
Judges of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida
United States district court judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt
20th-century American judges
United States Army officers
People from Lake City, Florida
People from Starke, Florida
United States federal judges admitted to the practice of law by reading law
Huh Chang-soo (born October 6, 1948) is the chairman of GS Group. Huh has a degree in business administration from Korea University and attended an MBA course at Saint Louis University in the United States.

Huh became chairman of GS Group in 2004 and he has been chairman of FC Seoul since 1998. He is notorious among football fans for being stingy and refusing to spend money on transfers despite FC Seoul being one of the richest teams in Korea.

References

External links
 GS Group Website Chairman Profile Page
 Huh Chang-soo at Fobes.com

1948 births
Living people
People from Jinju
Saint Louis University alumni
South Korean businesspeople
South Korean Roman Catholics
South Korean billionaires
GS Group
Chairmen and investors of football clubs in South Korea 
FC Seoul directors and chairmen
South Korean football chairmen and investors
Gimhae Heo clan
Bronice may refer to the following places in Poland:
Bronice, Lublin Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
Bronice, Lubusz Voivodeship (western Poland)
Blau gas () is an artificial illuminating gas, similar to propane, named after its inventor, Hermann Blau of Augsburg, Germany. Not or rarely used or produced today, it was manufactured by decomposing mineral oils in retorts by heat, and compressing the resulting naphtha until it liquefied. It was transported in liquid condition, and, like LPG, when released returns to a gaseous state.

The density relative to air is 0.963, giving an average molecular weight of 27.9. One litre at 0 °C and 760 mm Hg contains 1.246 grams, of which 1.042 is carbon and 0.204 is hydrogen, giving an average of 1.94 carbon atoms and 4.54 hydrogen atoms per molecule. Blau gas contains about 50% olefins (alkenes), 37% methane and other alkanes, 6% hydrogen, while the rest is air. The heat of combustion is 12,318 kcal, or 51.5 MJ, per kg.

Blau gas has a rather water-like color. It was historically stored in steel cylinders for shipment, and, around the turn of the century, had the advantage of possessing the highest specific energy of all artificially produced gases.  Chemically, Blau gas is similar to coal gas, but, unlike coal gas, is free from carbon monoxide.  Furthermore, Blau gas is difficult to bring to explosion.

It was obtained from thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons (especially distillates from lignite and oil shale, but also other mineral oils). In contrast to the procedure for oil gas, which was produced by the Pintsch company from 1909, was also shipped in steel cylinders and had distillation temperatures of 900 to 1000 degrees Celsius to gasify the oil as completely as possible, the Blaugas process used lower temperatures of 550 °C to 600 °C and greater precompression. Easily condensable (gasoline-like) hydrocarbons were separated in the process (initially by additional cooling) before final compression in the liquefied gas cylinders.

Blau gas was burned for lighting and heating; a less-pure form known as Pintsch gas fuelled illuminated buoys and beacons (for navigation), railroad car lights and stoves in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Blau gas is most famous, however, as the buoyancy compensating fuel for the LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin.  Because its density is approximately the same as that of air, burning Blau gas and thereby replacing its volume with air does not lighten the gas cells of an airship, thereby eliminating the need to adjust buoyancy or ballast in-flight.

See also 
 August Riedinger
 History of manufactured gas
 K-1 (airship)

References

External links
 Use of Blau gas on airship LZ-127 Graf Zeppelin

Fuel gas
Lighting
Aviation fuels
Synthetic fuels
Synthetic fuel technologies
Airship technology
Madak, also known as Mandak, is an Austronesian language spoken in New Ireland, Papua New Guinea. The Library of Congress subject classification uses Mandak.

References

External links 
 Kaipuleohone's Robert Blust collection includes written notes on Madak, listed in the collection as Mandak

Languages of New Ireland Province
Meso-Melanesian languages
Cutan is one of two waxy biopolymers which occur in the cuticle of some plants. The other and better-known polymer is cutin. Cutan is believed to be a hydrocarbon polymer, whereas cutin is a polyester, but the structure and synthesis of cutan are not yet fully understood. Cutan is not present in as many plants as once thought; for instance it is absent in Ginkgo.

Cutan was first detected as a non-saponifiable component, resistant to de-esterification by alkaline hydrolysis, that increases in amount in cuticles of some species such as Clivia miniata as they reach maturity, apparently replacing the cutin secreted in the early stages of cuticle development. Evidence that cutan is a hydrocarbon polymer comes from the fact that its flash pyrolysis products are a characteristic homologous series of paired alkanes and alkenes, and through 13C-NMR analysis of present-day and fossil plants.

Cutan's preservation potential is much greater than that of cutin. Despite this, the low proportion of cutan found in fossilized cuticle shows that it is probably not the cause for the widespread preservation of cuticle in the fossil record.

References

Further reading

Organic polymers
Plant anatomy
Plant physiology
Fossil fuels
Robert James Gaiters (born February 26, 1938) is an American former National Football League (NFL) player.

Gaiters attended Santa Ana Junior College, and transferred to New Mexico State University in 1959. He was a star player on its Aggies football team. A fast tailback weighing over two hundred pounds, Gaiters helped lead the Aggies during their undefeated season in 1960, and claimed the collegiate national championships in rushing and scoring.

He was drafted by the Denver Broncos in the 1961 American Football League Draft and by the New York Giants in the 1961 NFL Draft.  He played two seasons in the NFL, spending time with the Giants and San Francisco 49ers. Gaiters spent the 1963 season with the Broncos of the AFL. He then played for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League in 1964.

Gaiters finished his career in the Continental Football League where he played for the Newark Bears in 1965, the Hartford Charter Oaks in 1966 and the Orange County Ramblers in 1967.

See also
 List of NCAA major college football yearly rushing leaders
 List of NCAA major college football yearly scoring leaders

References

1938 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Zanesville, Ohio
Players of American football from Ohio
American football halfbacks
American Football League first overall draft picks
New Mexico State Aggies football players
New York Giants players
Hamilton Tiger-Cats players
Continental Football League players
San Francisco 49ers players
"Doctor Worm" is a song by They Might Be Giants. It first appeared on the primarily live album Severe Tire Damage, being one of only three studio-recorded songs on the album. It was also released as a single and featured in a music video directed by band member John Flansburgh.

Details
The lyrics describe a worm learning to play the drums better. They invent a stage name for themself ("Doctor Worm"), and the song's narrator also describes their friend, a bass-playing vole known as "Rabbi Vole".

Discussing the lyrical inspiration, Flansburgh said, "For a long, long time we have been riffing on the song 'Dr. Love' by the band Kiss. And I think just the weirdness of the conceit of that song was kind of rolling around in John Linnell's head. I know a million, billion times we've talked about the song 'Dr. Love'. It's such an absurd song. So I think 'Dr. Love' was kind of the springboard for the idea behind 'Dr. Worm'."

The song placed as #13 on the Triple J Hottest 100, 1998 and appears on the compilation CD.

Music video
The music video directed by John Flansburgh, shot in black and white, features the band performing the song in an apartment office surrounded by medical paraphernalia.

An alternate music video for the song directed by the cartoonist Kaz was featured in an episode of the Nickelodeon television series KaBlam!. In the video, Doctor Worm (an actual worm in medical attire) earns the respect of a musical group in search of a percussionist.

Cover versions
In 2006, Jason Trachtenburg of Trachtenburg Family Slideshow Players covered the song for the They Might Be Giants tribute album, Hello Radio.
In 2011, Relient K covered the song for their cover album, Is for Karaoke. In the cover, the band altered the lyrics "Rabbi Vole" to "Rabbi Warne", as a reference to John Warne, Relient K's bassist.

References

External links
Doctor Worm at This Might Be A Wiki

1998 songs
Fictional rock musicians
Fictional worms
Songs about drums
Songs about fictional male characters
Songs about invertebrates
Songs about mammals
Songs about musicians
Songs about physicians
Songs written by John Flansburgh
Songs written by John Linnell
They Might Be Giants songs
is a railway station in the city of Sanjō, Niigata, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). The station sits directly on the border of the cities of Sanjō and Tsubame. As the station headquarters are located on the Sanjō side of the station, Tsubame-Sanjō Station is considered to be in Sanjō. The station is located 293.8 kilometers from .

Lines
Tsubame-Sanjō Station is served by the high-speed Jōetsu Shinkansen line between Tokyo and Niigata, and also by the Yahiko Line.

Station layout
The station has one elevated island platform and one side platform for the Jōetsu Shinkansen, and one ground-level side platform for the Yahiko Line, which is at a right angle to the Shinkansen platforms. The station building is located above the Yahiko Line platform and underneath the Shinkansen platforms.

The station has a Midori no Madoguchi staffed ticket office. Suica farecards can be used at this station.

Platforms

History
The station opened on 15 November 1982.

Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2017, the station was used by an average of 2285 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

Surrounding area
Tsubame-Sanjō Station offers access to the Yahiko Shrine via the Yahiko Line. The shrine, located in the town of Yahiko, was the ichinomiya, or highest shrine, of the ancient Echigo Province, and has numerous Important Cultural Properties of Japan.

See also
 List of railway stations in Japan

References

External links

 Tsubame-Sanjō Station 

Railway stations in Niigata Prefecture
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1982
Stations of East Japan Railway Company
Yahiko Line
Jōetsu Shinkansen
Sanjō, Niigata
Baryatinsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kaluga Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast.  The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Baryatino. Population:    6,614 (2002 Census);  The population of Baryatino accounts for 43.3% of the district's total population.

Geography   
Baryatinsky District is located in the western region of Kaluga Oblast, on the Baryatinsky-Suhinichskoy plain.   Most of the district is on karst terrain, with plains covering most of the south, and ridges up to 279 meters in the north on the border with Smolensk Oblast.  About 40 percent of the region is deciduous forest (birch, aspen, spruce, pine).  The divide between the Dnieper River basin and the Volga River basin runs through the district, with rivers in the south of the district flowing south to the Dnieper.  The district is 100 km west of the city of Kaluga, and about 240 km southwest of Moscow  The area measures 40 km (north-south), and 40 km (west-east).  The administrative center is the town of Baryatino.

The district is bordered on the north by Mosalsky District, on the east by Sukhinichsky District, on the south by Kirovsky District, and on the west by Spas-Demensky District.  A small portion borders Smolensk Oblast on the north.

References

Notes

Sources

External links
Baryatinsky District on Google Maps
Baryatinsky District on OpenStreetMap

Districts of Kaluga Oblast
This was the first edition of the tournament.

Aliaksandr Bury and Andreas Siljeström won the title after defeating James Cerretani and Philipp Oswald 7–6(7–3), 6–4 in the final.

Seeds

Draw

References
 Main Draw

WHB Hungarian Open - Doubles
Pinner Green is a small area of Pinner, in the north-west of the London Borough of Harrow, 13.2 miles north-west of Charing Cross. It is a suburban area mostly occupied by family houses and flats, with a small parade of independent shops, a Tesco supermarket and a modern Shell forecourt.

The main feature of Pinner Green is the Montesole playing fields, a large open green with a court with facilities to play tennis, football and basketball. Pinner Cricket Club plays its games at Montesole Playing Fields and has been established since 1835.

A high, but rarely steep, wooded escarpment Grim's Ditch or Dyke starts at the northern edge of Pinner Green and continues to Stanmore.  Its remaining ancient earthworks today end short of Stanmore, at Harrow Weald.

Heritage

Harrow Heritage Plaques
The brown plaques are awarded by the Harrow Heritage Trust, who secure the protection, preservation, restoration and improvement of the character and amenities of the London Borough of Harrow. There are currently two plaques in Pinner Green:
 Grim's Dyke, Montesole Playing Fields by the Dingles woods, Uxbridge Road awarded in 1993.
 Pinner Hill Farm, Pinner Hill Road awarded in 2011.

Pinner Chalk Mines 
The mines began during the Late Medieval Period and were in use until the Victorian era. They have now been permanently closed.

A404 Pinner Green (Harrow Road) 
The A404 Pinner Green continues on from the A404 Harrow Road. The Harrow Road was an ancient route between Harrow and Paddington.

A Victorian era cast iron signpost still standards undisturbed at the junction where the A404 meets Pinner Hill Road.

Notable people

Sir Elton John 
Sir Elton Hercules John CH CBE, is an international chart topping singer and songwriter who lived on Pinner Hill Road as a child during the mid 20th century. Sir Elton was educated at Pinner Wood Junior School,

Transport

Rail
Pinner Underground station is 0.7 miles away and is on the Metropolitan line in London fare zone 5. In normal off-peak conditions the train takes approximately half an hour to Baker Street Underground station and approximately three-quarters of an hour to Aldgate Underground station.

Northwood Hills Underground station is 0.9 miles away and is also on the Metropolitan line but in London fare zone 6.

Hatch End railway station is 1.4 miles away and is on the London Overground Watford DC line in London fare zone 6. In normal off-peak conditions the train approximately takes three-quarters of an hour to Euston railway station.

Buses

Public Transport in Pinner is governed by London Transport.

See also
Pinner
Hatch End
Northwood
Metro-land

References

Districts of the London Borough of Harrow
Adam Alexander may refer to:

Adam Alexander (sportscaster) (born 1973) American sportscaster
Adam Rankin Alexander (1781–1848), US Congressman from Tennessee
Adam Alexander Armstrong (1909–1982), Australian politician
Adam Alexander Dawson (1913–2010), Scottish film director
Demo Taped (born 1998) singer-songwriter from Atlanta, Georgia
Adam Alexander (The Bold and the Beautiful), a character from the American soap opera
Adam Alexander (horticulturalist), British horticulturalist

See also
 Alexander Adam (1741–1809), Scottish educator and author
Mauritius has attended sixteen Commonwealth Games, beginning in 1958 and missing only the 1986 Games. They had not won a medal until 1998, when they won four, including a gold in boxing.

Medals

List of Medalists

References

 
Nations at the Commonwealth Games
GMA Headline News is a Philippine television news broadcasting show broadcast by GMA Network. Originally anchored by Tina Monzon-Palma and Jose Mari Velez and later by Leslie Espino and Vicky Morales, it premiered on May 19, 1986 replacing The 11:30 Report. The show concluded on January 3, 1992. It was replaced by GMA Network News in its timeslot.

Anchors
 Tina Monzon-Palma 
 Jose Mari Velez 
 Leslie Espino 
 Vicky Morales 
 Amado Pineda

References

1986 Philippine television series debuts
1992 Philippine television series endings
English-language television shows
GMA Network news shows
Philippine television news shows