Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The Ancient and Primitive Rite, also called the Order of the Ancient and Primitive Rite of Memphis-Mizraim, is a Masonic Rite. First popularized by John Yarker, it is generally considered clandestine by Masonic organizations within the UGLE framework.

History
John Yarker's Ancient and Primitive Rite grew out of the Rite of Memphis-Misraim, which itself was a combination, formed in 1881, of the Rite of Memphis and the Rite of Misraïm, both of which appeared in France at the beginning of the 19th century.

Yarker had been introduced to the Rite of Memphis in 1871 during a visit to New York,. As well as establishing the Ancient and Primitive Rite, Yarker would later become Deputy International Grand Master (1900) and International Grand Master (1902) of the Rite of Memphis-Misraim. He formed the Ancient and Primitive Rite with 33 degrees by eliminating duplicative degrees from the Rite of Memphis-Misraïm.

Yarker's Rite claimed a history going to Napoleon Bonaparte's armies in Egypt, and traced the development of the Rite until his present day. He professed also that "Its Rituals embrace all Masonry, and are based on those of the Craft universal; they explain its symbols, develope [sic] its mystic philosophy, exemplify its morality, examine its legends, tracing them to their primitive source, and dealing fairly and truthfully with the historical features of Symbolical Masonry. They contain nothing in their teaching but what Mahommedan, Christian, Jew, Buddhist, Brahmin, or Parsee may alike acknowledge." Until Yarker's death in 1913, there was never more than a total of 300 members.

Degrees
The Rite of Memphis confers a set of degrees, numbered from 4° through 32°:

First Series: Chapter

Class I: Intro
1° – Entered Apprentice
2° – Fellow Craftsman
3° – Master Mason

Class II: College
4° – Discreet Master
5° – Sublime Master
6° – Knight of the Sacred Arch
7° – Knight of the Secret Vault

Class III: Chapter
8° – Knight of the Sword
9° – Knight of Jerusalem
10° – Knight of the Orient
11° – Knight of the Rose Croix

Second Series: Senate

Class IV: Senate
12° – Knight of the Red Eagle
13° – Knight of the Temple
14° – Knight of the Tabernacle
15° – Knight of the Serpent
16° – Knight Sage of Truth
17° – Knight Hermetic Philosopher

Class V: Areopagus
18° – Knight Kadosh
19° – Knight of the Royal Mystery
20° – Knight Grand Inspector

Third Series: Sublime Council

Class VI: Consistory
21° – Grand Installator
22° – Grand Consecrator
23° – Grand Eulogist
24° – Patriarch of Truth
25° – Patriarch of the Planispheres
26° – Patriarch of the Vedas

Class VII: Council
27° – Patriarch of Isis
28° – Patriarch of Memphis
29° – Pontiff of the Mystic City
30° – Perfect Pontiff, Sublime Master of the Great Work

Official

Grand Tribunal
31° – Grand Defender
32° – Prince of Memphis
33° – Grand Sovereign

Bibliography

Notes

References
 Prescott, Andrew. The Cause of Humanity: Charles Bradlaugh and Freemasonry
 Boris Nicolaevsky, "Secret Societies and the First International," in The Revolutionary Internationals, 1864–1943, ed. Milored M. Drachkovitch (Stanford, 1966), 36–56.

See also
 List of Masonic Rites
 Rite of Memphis-Misraim

Masonic rites
The Spahi class consisted of seven destroyers built for the French Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. One ship was lost during the First World War, but the others survived to be scrapped afterwards.

Design and description
The Spahi-class was over 50 percent larger than the preceding  to match the increase in size of foreign destroyers. They varied slightly in size due to building practices of each shipyard.
They had an length between perpendiculars of , a beam of , and a draft of . The ships displaced  at deep load.

The destroyers were powered by two triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one propeller shaft using steam provided by four water-tube boilers of three different types.  and  used Normand boilers,  and  had du Temple boilers while the remaining three ships were fitted with Guyot boilers. The engines were designed to produce , except for Spahi with , which was intended to give the sister ships a speed of . During their sea trials, they reached speeds of . The ships carried  of coal which gave them a range of  at a cruising speed of . Lansquenet had a capacity of  which gave her a range of  at the same cruising speed.

The primary armament of the Spahi-class ships consisted of six  Modèle 1902 guns in single mounts, one each fore and aft of the superstructure and the others were distributed amidships. They were also fitted with three  torpedo tubes. One of these was in a fixed mount in the bow and the other two were on single rotating mounts amidships.

Ships

Citations

Bibliography

 

 
 

 
Destroyer classes
Destroyers of the French Navy
 
Ship classes of the French Navy
Bull Run National Forest was established as the Bull Run Forest Reserve by the General Land Office in Oregon on June 17, 1892, with .  After the transfer of federal forests to the U.S. Forest Service in 1905, it became a National Forest on March 4, 1907. On July 1, 1908, the entire forest was combined with part of Cascade National Forest to establish Oregon National Forest and the name was discontinued.  The lands are now part of Mount Hood National Forest.

See also 
 Bull Run River (Oregon)
 Bull Run Watershed
 Adolph Aschoff

References

External links
Forest History Society
Listing of the National Forests of the United States and Their Dates (Forest History Society website) Text from Davis, Richard C., ed. Encyclopedia of American Forest and Conservation History. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company for the Forest History Society, 1983. Vol. II, pp. 743-788.

Former National Forests of Oregon
1892 establishments in Oregon
Protected areas established in 1892
1908 disestablishments in Oregon
Vitaly Popkov (; born 16 June 1983) is a Ukrainian-born Russian racing cyclist, who last rode for Russian amateur team Crimea Region.

Major results

Track

2002
 1st  Team pursuit, UEC European Under-23 Championships
 2nd Team pursuit, UCI World Cup Classics, Moscow
2003
 1st  Team pursuit, UEC European Under-23 Championships
 1st Team pursuit, UCI World Cup Classics, Cape Town
2004
 1st  Team pursuit, UEC European Under-23 Championships
 1st Team pursuit, 2004–05 UCI Track Cycling World Cup Classics, Moscow
 2nd Team pursuit, 2004 UCI Track Cycling World Cup Classics, Moscow
2005
 2nd Team pursuit, UEC European Under-23 Championships
 3rd Team pursuit, 2005–06 UCI Track Cycling World Cup Classics, Moscow
2006
 2nd Team pursuit, 2005–06 UCI Track Cycling World Cup Classics, Sydney
2007
 2006–07 UCI Track Cycling World Cup Classics, Los Angeles
1st Individual pursuit
1st Team pursuit
 2nd Team pursuit, UCI World Championships
2008
 3rd Team pursuit, 2007–08 UCI Track Cycling World Cup Classics, Los Angeles
2009
 1st Individual pursuit, 2009–10 UCI Track Cycling World Cup Classics, Cali

Road

2003
 1st Stage 2 Tour de Hongrie
2008
 1st Stage 2 Tour de Ribas
 2nd Kirschblütenrennen
2009
 1st Overall Tour of Szeklerland
1st Stage 1
 2nd Memorial Oleg Dyachenko
 4th Grand Prix of Donetsk
 4th Mayor Cup
 4th GP E.O.S. Tallinn
2010
 National Road Championships
1st  Time trial
1st  Road race
 1st Overall Grand Prix of Adygeya
1st Prologue & Stage 3
 1st Grand Prix of Donetsk
 1st Rogaland GP
 1st Grand Prix Jasnej Góry-Czestochowa
 1st Grand Prix of Sochi
 1st Stage 1 Tour of Szeklerland
 3rd Overall Five Rings of Moscow
1st Stage 3
 4th Mayor Cup
 8th Route Adélie
 9th Overall Course de la Solidarité Olympique
2011
 5th Overall Tour of Szeklerland
2012
 1st Overall Tour of Szeklerland
 1st Grand Prix of Moscow
 1st Race Horizon Park
 1st Stage 6 Course de la Solidarité Olympique
 1st Stage 4 (ITT) Dookoła Mazowsza
2013
 1st  Overall Course de la Solidarité Olympique
1st  Points classification
1st Stage 1
 1st Stage 3 Azerbaijan International Cycling Tour
 2nd Overall GP of Adygeya
1st Stage 2
 2nd Overall Tour of Szeklerland
1st Stage 3 (ITT)
 3rd Overall Grand Prix of Sochi
1st Stage 1
 3rd Košice–Miskolc
 7th Grand Prix of Donetsk
2014
 9th Memorial Oleg Dyachenko

External links
 

1983 births
Living people
Ukrainian male cyclists
Ukrainian track cyclists
Cyclists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic cyclists for Ukraine
Sportspeople from Chernivtsi Oblast
21st-century Ukrainian people
is a small near-Earth object that should have passed within  of Earth in 2022. On 5 February 2022 the 2009 observations were remeasured greatly reducing the odds of an impact. On 6 May 2022 it had a 1-in-140,000 chance of impacting Earth. It is estimated to be 10-meters in diameter which would make it smaller than the Chelyabinsk meteor. It has a very short observation arc of 1.2 days and has not been observed since 2009. On 6 May 2022 it was nominally expected to be  from Earth but has an uncertainty region of ±. The nominal Earth approach was 15 May 2022 and would have had the asteroid only brightening to apparent magnitude 26 which would have made it too faint for automated surveys to detect. With a Palermo scale rating of -4.41, the odds of impact were  times less than the background hazard level for an asteroid of this size.

About two months after approaching Earth, it came to perihelion (closest approach to the Sun), but the time of perihelion passage is only known with an accuracy of ±3 days. The asteroid was not recovered due to its small size and distance from Earth.

See also

References

External links 
 
 
 

Minor planet object articles (unnumbered)
Discoveries by MLS
Near-Earth objects removed from the Sentry Risk Table
20090504
You Might Be Surprised is a studio album by American musician Roy Ayers. It was released in 1985 through Columbia Records. Recording sessions for the album took place at Celestial Sounds and Mediasound in New York City. Production was handled by James Mtume and Roy Ayers with co-production by Philip Field  and Edward "Tree" Moore.

Track listing

Chart history

References

External links 

1985 albums
Roy Ayers albums
Columbia Records albums
Albums produced by Roy Ayers
Marie-Luce Penchard (born 14 February 1959, in Gourbeyre) is a French politician from Guadeloupe and member of the UMP. She is the daughter of Lucette Michaux-Chevry, the historical leader of the right in Guadeloupe and the former President of the Regional Council of Guadeloupe from 1992 until 2004.

In 2009, the UMP selected her to lead their list in the DOM-TOM constituency ahead of the 2009 European elections. Despite her list being entitled to one seat, she was not elected due to a provision in the electoral law which splits the constituency into three sub-constituencies. As a result, she was not entitled to a seat in the Atlantic subsection, but Maurice Ponga won the seat in the Pacific subsection.

She was named Secretary of State for Overseas Territories in the François Fillon government on 23 June 2009, becoming a minister in November that year. The nomination of a Guadeloupe native to this position is important since Guadeloupe was the epicentre of the 2009 French Caribbean general strikes.

She is mayor of Basse-Terre, the prefecture of Guadeloupe, since May 2014.

Political career

Governmental functions

Secretary of State for Overseas : June–November 2009.

Minister in charge of Overseas : 2009–2012.

Electoral mandate

Regional Council

Regional councillor of Guadeloupe : Since 2010.

References

Guadeloupean politicians
French people of Guadeloupean descent
Living people
1959 births
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
French Ministers of Overseas France
21st-century French women politicians
Women government ministers of France
Black French politicians
Women mayors of places in France
(Polish: , ) was a village in Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It was a separate municipality but in 1960 became administratively a part of the city of Havířov built in 1955. It has a population of 17,082 (2020). It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.

It was formerly a village but during the communist era a massive construction of so-called paneláks occurred during the construction of a new city of Havířov, and Šumbark was transformed to an urban neighbourhood. Still some old houses remain although the majority of the population of Šumbark live in paneláks.

Etymology 
The name is of German origin (Schönberg, German: beautiful hill) and was later polonized (not czechized as in Czech berg tends to change into perk, compare: Šumperk, Vimperk, etc.).

History 
The village was first mentioned in a written document in 1430 as Schomberg. Politically it belonged then to the Duchy of Teschen, formed in 1290 in the process of feudal fragmentation of Poland and was ruled by a local branch of Piast dynasty. In 1327 the duchy became a fee of the Kingdom of Bohemia, which after 1526 became part of the Habsburg monarchy.

The village became a seat of a Catholic parish probably prior to the 16th century. After the 1540s Protestant Reformation prevailed in the Duchy of Teschen and a local Catholic church was taken over by Lutherans. It was taken from them (as one from around fifty buildings in the region) by a special commission and given back to the Roman Catholic Church on 25 March 1654.

After Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire a modern municipal division was introduced in the re-established Austrian Silesia. The village as a municipality was subscribed to the political and legal district of Cieszyn. According to the censuses conducted in 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 the population of the municipality grew from 744 in 1880 to 1,380 in 1910. In 1880 the majority of inhabitants declared speaking Czech language (94.6%), followed by German (23 or 3.1%) and Polish (17 or 2.3%). In the next censuses majority declared speaking Polish (dropping from 98.9% in 1890 to 93.7% in 1910), minority declared speaking Czech (growing from 3 or 0.3% in 1890 to 64 or 4.9% in 1910) and German (growing from 7 or 0.8% in 1890 to 19 or 1.4% in 1910). In terms of religion in 1910 the majority were Protestants (50.4%), followed by Roman Catholics (47.9%), Jews (22 or 1.6%) and 2 persons adhering to another faiths. The village was also traditionally inhabited by Silesian Lachs, speaking Cieszyn Silesian dialect.

After World War I, fall of Austria-Hungary, Polish–Czechoslovak War and the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, it became a part of Czechoslovakia. Following the Munich Agreement, in October 1938 together with the Zaolzie region it was annexed by Poland, administratively adjoined to Cieszyn County of Silesian Voivodeship. It was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. After the war it was restored to Czechoslovakia.

See also 
 Polish minority in the Czech Republic
 Zaolzie

Footnotes

References 

 

Villages in Karviná District
Neighbourhoods in the Czech Republic
Havířov
The 1995 Sacramento State Hornets football team represented California State University, Sacramento as a member of the American West Conference (AWC) during the 1995 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Led by first-year head coach John Volek, Sacramento State compiled an overall record of 4–6–1 with a mark of 3–0 in conference play, winning the AWC title. The team was outscored by its opponents 377 to 255 for the season. The Hornets played home games at Hornet Stadium in Sacramento, California.

Schedule

References

Sacramento State
Sacramento State Hornets football seasons
American West Conference football champion seasons
Sacramento State Hornets football
Hovgården is an archaeological site on the Lake Mälaren island of Adelsö in Ekerö Municipality in central-eastern Sweden.  During the Viking Age, the centre of the prospering Mälaren Valley was the settlement Birka, founded in the mid-8th century and abandoned in the late 10th century and located on the island Björkö just south of Adelsö.  Hovgården is believed to have been the site from which kings and chieftains ruled the area.  Hovgården, together with Birka became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993.

Hovgården is located on the flat country north-west of the Romanesque Adelsö Church, characterised by a narrow rift valley stretching north to forest-laden moraines.  These historical meadows lands were cultivated in the 19th century and have hardly been altered since, as several well-preserved 18th century farmyards bear witness to.

History 

The oldest archaeological remains on Adelsö, found north of Hovgården, are grave fields and burial mounds from the Bronze Age (c. 1800-500 BCE).  Apparently this culture survived into the Iron Age (500-800 CE) as graves from the early part of this period have been found at several locations in the area.  At Hovgården some 124 graves have been found; the oldest from late Roman Iron Age (1-400 CE) and the youngest from the beginning of the Middle Ages (c. 1050-1520), indicating the area has been settled uninterruptedly throughout this period.

Just north of the parish church are five large burial mounds of which three are called Kungshögar.  In Swedish, Kung meaning King and högar, from the Old Norse word haugr, meaning  mound or barrow. Hovgården apparently was the location for a royal estate Kungsgård as early as the Viking Age (c. 800-1050 CE).  An excavation of one of these royal mounds in 1917 revealed the remains of a wealthy man who lived around 900 CE.  He was burned lying in a boat, dressed in expensive clothing but without weapons, accompanied by horses, cows, and dogs.

Birka, the oldest town in Sweden, was an international trade post. It has been assumed the royal settlement at Hovgården was established as the king's mean of controlling Birka. However, while Birka was abandoned in the mid-10th century, the royal estate was apparently not as the runestone U 11 from around 1070 which claims to have been carved for the king was erected next to the royal mounds.  It was part of Uppsala öd, a network of royal estates supporting the Kings of Sweden.

Furthermore, King Magnus Barnlock had the old castle replaced by a palace built in brick, Alsnö hus, in the 1270s.  In the palace, the king established the Swedish nobility through the Ordinance of Alsnö (Alsnö stadga) in 1279.  However, the palace was destroyed before the end of that century, and as it was left to decay Hovgården lost in importance.

Gallery

Notes

References

External links 

Birka and Hovgården from UNESCO
Birka and Hovgården

Viking Age populated places
Former populated places in Sweden
Geography of Stockholm County
Tourist attractions in Stockholm County
World Heritage Sites in Sweden
Uppland
Adelsö
Duke Xian of Qin (, 725–704 BC) was from 715 to 704 BC the eighth ruler of the Zhou Dynasty Chinese state of Qin that eventually united China to become the Qin Dynasty.  His ancestral name was Ying (嬴), and Duke Xian was his posthumous title.  His title was recorded as Duke Ning of Qin (秦寧公) in the Records of the Grand Historian by Han Dynasty historian Sima Qian, but inscriptions on excavated bronzes from the era have proven that "Ning" (寧) was a miscopy of the correct character "Xian" (憲).

Accession to the throne
Duke Xian succeeded his grandfather Duke Wen of Qin, who ruled for 50 years and died in 716 BC.  Duke Xian was made the crown prince after his father predeceased Duke Wen in 718 BC.  His father was given the posthumous title Duke Jing of Qin (秦竫公) although he never ascended the throne.

Reign
In 714 BC, the second year of Duke Xian's reign, the Qin capital was moved to Pingyang (平陽, in present-day Baoji, Shaanxi).  The next year Qin defeated the Rong state of Bo (亳), whose king escaped to the Rong homeland.

In autumn 708 BC Qin attacked the minor state of Rui, but was defeated.  Qin returned in winter with the army of King Huan of Zhou, defeated Rui, and captured Wan, Count of Rui.

Succession
In 704 BC Qin annexed Bo.  Duke Xian died in the same year, aged 21.  He had three young sons: the eldest, later known as Duke Wu of Qin, was the crown prince.  The second son, later known as Duke De of Qin, was born to the same mother, Lu Ji (鲁姬).  However, the ministers Fuji and Sanfu deposed the crown prince and installed the youngest son, by Duke Xian's other wife Wang Ji (王姬), on the throne.  The boy was only five years old and would become known as Chuzi.

References 

Monarchs of Qin
8th-century BC Chinese monarchs
725 BC births
704 BC deaths
Chenopodiastrum hybridum is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae.
It is found in Europe and Asia.

References 

Chenopodioideae
Flora of Malta
Ramphastides is an infraorder of the order Piciformes that includes toucans and barbets. Formerly, the barbets have been classified in a single family, the Capitonidae. However, this has turned out to be paraphyletic with regard to toucans, which resulted in the Capitonidae being split into several families.

Systematics
The Ramphastides contain five extant families. Sometimes, they are treated as the superfamily Ramphastoidea.

Infraorder Ramphastides 
Megalaimidae - Asian barbets
Lybiidae - African barbets
Capitonidae - New World barbets
Semnornithidae - toucan-barbets
Ramphastidae - toucans

References

External links
 Tree of Life Piciformes

Pici (taxon)
Neognathae
Chamran Grand Hotel of Shiraz is a five star hotel located in Chamran Boulevard surrounded by the Ghasrodasht gardens in Shiraz, Iran. The structure has a height of 109 meters, and is the highest hotel tower in Iran. The hotel has 230 rooms and 20 suites. Construction of the hotel began in 2008 and it was officially opened in April 2011.

See also
 List of tallest structures in Iran

References 

Hotel buildings completed in 2011
Hotels in Iran
Buildings and structures in Shiraz
Lieutenant General Carsten Jacobson (born 22 June 1955 in Hamburg) is a retired German Army officer and Deputy ISAF Commander.

Military career
Jacobson joined the Bundeswehr in 1974 and trained as a tank commander. He attended the German Fuehrungsakademie where he undertook staff officer training from 1986 to 1988.

Jacobson attended the British Army's Staff College, Camberley between 1990 and 1992. He served abroad as part of SFOR in Bosnia and Herzegowina between 1997 and 1998 and then served with KFOR in 1999. He was transferred to the Embassy of Germany, Washington, D.C. in 2001 and served there until 2005. He was transferred to the Allied Rapid Reaction Corps (ARRC) headquarters in Mönchengladbach in 2007. He became Chief of Staff for the German Army Forces Command in 2009 and he became spokesman for ISAF in 2011.

In 2012, he became commander of the 1st Panzer Division and in 2014 he became Deputy Commander of ISAF.

Honors 
 Badge of Honour of the Bundeswehr in Bronze (1983), in Silver (1989) and Gold (1994)
 German Armed Forces Service Medal SFOR (1998),
 NATO-Medal (1998)
 Legion of Merit (2005).

Private life 

Jacobson has a British wife, Sally Jane (nee McBride), a former Women's Royal Army Corps officer. They married in 1979 and have two sons.

References

1955 births
Living people
Military personnel from Hamburg
Lieutenant generals of the German Army
People of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
German military personnel of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
Recipients of the Badge of Honour of the Bundeswehr
Foreign recipients of the Legion of Merit
Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley
Pulvilli are soft, cushionlike pads on the feet of insects and other arthropods, such as the housefly and ixodid ticks. They are located at the base of the claws (#2 in the figure at right).

The pulvilli function as an adhesive system. Their sticking power comes partly from Van der Waals force, and partly from an adhesive fluid secreted from the extremities onto surfaces.

References 

Insect morphology
Jayne Hughes is the High Bailiff of the Isle of Man (the senior stipendiary magistrate). She was appointed in 2011 as Deputy High Bailiff and in 2019 as High Bailiff. She is the first woman to hold a full-time position in the Manx Judiciary. Prior to being appointed Deputy High Bailiff she worked for the Attorney General's Chambers of the Isle of Man as a Prosecuting Advocate.

References

Living people
Manx people
Year of birth missing (living people)