Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The Ter-Antonyan function parameterizes the energy spectra of primary cosmic rays in the "knee" region ( eV) by the continuously differentiable function of energy  taking into account the rate of change of spectral slope. The function is expressed as:

where  is a scale factor,  and  are the asymptotic slopes of the function (or
spectral slopes) in a logarithmic scale at  and  respectively for a given  energy (the so-called "knee" energy). The rate of change of spectral slopes is set in function () by the "sharpness of knee" parameter, . Function () was proposed in ANI'98 Workshop (1998) 
by Samvel Ter-Antonyan 
for both the interpolation of primary energy spectra in the energy range 1—100 PeV and the search of parametrized solutions of inverse problem to reconstruct primary cosmic ray energy spectra. 
Function () is also used for the interpolation of observed Extensive Air Shower spectra in the knee region.

Function () can be re-written as:

where  and

is the “knee” shaping function describing the change of the spectral slope. Examples of  for  are presented above.
 
The rate of change of spectral slope from  to  with respect to energy () is derived from () as:

,

where

,

,

and

is the sharpness-independent spectral slope at the knee energy.

Function () coincides with B. Peters
spectra for  and
asymptotically approaches the broken power law of cosmic ray energy spectra for :
 
,

where

References 

Cosmic rays
Isaac Williams Patton (February 4, 1828 – February 9, 1890) was an American soldier and politician who served as the 28th Mayor of New Orleans from 1878 until 1880.

Early life 
Isaac W. Patton was born in Fredericksburg, Virginia, the descendant of one of the first colonial families. His grandfather was Revolutionary War general Hugh Mercer, and his father was John Patton, a prominent lawyer and politician in the Richmond area. He was educated at the Fairfax Institute and then began studying law under his father at the age of nineteen. When the Mexican American War broke out, he put aside his studies and joined the Army. He was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the Tenth United States Infantry. By the end of the war in 1849, he was a Second Lieutenant in the Third Artillery and stationed in California. He served there until he resigned from the military in 1855 and returned to Virginia. That same year, he married Frances E. Merritt, the daughter of a doctor in Richmond. Two years after their marriage, the couple moved to St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana in order to manage a cotton plantation.

Career 
After moving to look over his cotton plantation, Isaac also began looking over a plantation owned by his father in law near the New Orleans area. At the beginning of the US Civil War Patton was elected captain of the Screwmen's Guard and ordered to take command of the battery at Chalmette near New Orleans. He was then elected Colonel of the Twenty-second Louisiana Infantry. When New Orleans fell to Federal troops in 1862, his unit withdrew to Camp Moore and then to Vicksburg.
During the siege of Vicksburg he was wounded in the hip. After the surrender of Vicksburg he retreated to serve at Mobile Bay. He then fought at The Battle of Spanish Fort before he and his men finally surrendered in early May 1865, a month after General Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House.

After the war, he returned to New Orleans and became a businessman and then entered into the cities political scene. In 1872, he was elected as sheriff, and by 1878, he had risen to become the chairman of the Democratic State Central Committee. Soon after, Governor Nicholls appointed Patton to be the Adjutant General of Louisiana. In 1878 he was elected Mayor of New Orleans and held this post for two years. The most important feature of Mayor Patton's administration was his management of the city's finances. His first step was to reduce the debt by fifty percent. He also made efforts to progress the construction of railroads which gave better access to the west and northwest, and improve sanitary conditions.

At the end of his term as mayor, Patton continued a life in politics. In 1884 he was elected as Treasurer of the city and he was later appointed as tax collector for the fourth district by Governor Nicholls. Patton died at the age of 62 at his home at No. 221 Washington Avenue between St. Charles Avenue and Prytania Street, and was survived by his wife and three sons.

Isaac Patton was a great-uncle of WWII General George S. Patton.

References

Mayors of New Orleans
1828 births
1890 deaths
Regulator of G-protein signaling 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RGS1 gene.

This gene encodes a member of the regulator of G-protein signaling family. This protein is located on the cytosolic side of the plasma membrane and contains a conserved, 120 amino acid motif called the RGS domain. The protein attenuates the signalling activity of G-proteins by binding to activated, GTP-bound G alpha subunits and acting as a GTPase activating protein (GAP), increasing the rate of conversion of the GTP to GDP. This hydrolysis allows the G alpha subunits to bind G beta/gamma subunit heterodimers, forming inactive G-protein heterotrimers, thereby terminating the signal.

References

Further reading
Papyrus 76 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), signed by 𝔓76, is a copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Gospel of John. The surviving texts of John are verses 4:9,12.

The manuscript paleographically has been assigned to the 6th century.

The Greek text of this codex is mixed. Aland placed it in Category III.

It is currently housed at the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek (Pap. Vindob. G. 36102) in Vienna.

See also 

 List of New Testament papyri

References

Further reading 

 Herbert Hunger, Zwei unbekannte neutestamentliche Papyrusfragmente der österreichischen Nationalbibliothek, Biblos VIII (Vienna: 1959), pp. 7–12.

New Testament papyri
6th-century biblical manuscripts
Biblical manuscripts of the Austrian National Library
Gospel of John papyri
Renuka Sinha (5 March 1949 – 17 August 2016) was an Indian politician and a member of parliament to the 16th Lok Sabha from Cooch Behar constituency, West Bengal. She won the 2014 general elections being an All India Trinamool Congress candidate.
She was a graduate of the University of Calcutta. She died on 17 August due to a heart attack.

References

1949 births
2016 deaths
India MPs 2014–2019
Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal
Lok Sabha members from West Bengal
People from Cooch Behar district
University of Calcutta alumni
Women in West Bengal politics
21st-century Indian women politicians
21st-century Indian politicians
Coreen Shire was a local government area in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia.

Coreen Shire was established in 1906 and its offices were based in the town of Corowa. Localities in the Shire included Balldale, Buraja, Coreen, Daysdale, Lowesdale, Hopefield, Rennie, Savernake and Warragoon.

In 1955 Coreen Shire was merged with the Municipality of Corowa to form Corowa Shire.

References

Former local government areas of New South Wales
1906 establishments in Australia
1955 disestablishments in Australia
Walter Bergmann (24 September 1902 – 13 January 1988) was a German harpsichord and recorder player, editor and composer who settled in England in 1939. He became a key figure in the revival of interest in the recorder and the counter tenor voice in England after the war.

Born in the Altona borough of Hamburg, Bergman attended the Leipzig Conservatory to study piano and flute, but seeking a more practical career path due to the turbulent times, shifted to study law. He set up his own law practise in 1933, helping many Jewish clients. After his arrest by the Gestapo in June 1938 and three months of imprisonment, he emigrated to London in March 1939, with the assistance of Edward Dent. His wife Greta (Haase) and daughter Erica followed a few months later. Like many other émigré musicians at the time, Bergmann was interned as an enemy alien from July 1940 on the Isle of Man. The composer Hans Gál was there at the same time. Bergmann was eventually released in January 1941.

Bergmann began establishing himself in the music publishing world as a packer at Schott Music from 1942. He later became an editor there working on Baroque music, especially Telemann, Handel, John Blow and Henry Purcell. He taught at Morley College from 1942 until 1954 as a colleague of Michael Tippett, and later at the Mary Ward Settlement. As a performer he accompanied Alfred Deller, Ilse Wolf (1921 - 1999), April Cantelo and others, appearing at Deller's Stour Festival and recording Purcell's music with him. He also translated Tippett's King Priam into German in 1963.

Bergmann taught and composed for the recorder, encouraging younger players such as Frans Brüggen and Michala Petri. He helped re-establish the Society of Recorder Players in 1946, promoted new interest amateur recorder playing while at Morley College, and contributed to the professional revival of Early Music in the UK. At Schott, where he stayed until 1967, Bergmann issued editions of many recorder works, including sonatas and suites by Francesco Barsanti, Charles Dieupart and Johann Christian Schickhardt. He composed two sonatas for recorder, and (for Alfred Deller) a Pastorale for countertenor and recorder and the Three Songs for countertenor and guitar, which have been recorded. 

He was also general editor of the Eulenburg edition of miniature scores.  He continued to teach in London for many years and maintained his scholarly interests until the end of his life. He lived at 28 Belsize Square, London NW1. An 80th birthday concert was held for him at Morley College in November, 1982. Bergmann died in London, aged 85.

See also 
 List of émigré composers in Britain

References 

1902 births
1988 deaths
Jewish classical composers
People interned in the Isle of Man during World War II
Austrian male classical composers
20th-century male musicians
Barbara Barnard Smith (8 June 1920 – 3 July 2021) was an American ethnomusicologist who founded and developed the field of ethnomusicology at the University of Hawaiʻi. She was the Professor Emerita of Music at the university. Although she was hired to teach piano and Western music, she believed that this would only further destroy indigenous Hawai'ian and Pacific Island cultures, which were the ancestral heritage of most of her students. She, therefore, set about learning about and teaching how to rigorously study and write about local indigenous music and dance. Barbara Barnard Smith continued to advise PhD students on their dissertations almost up to her death at the age of 101.

She was the great-granddaughter of William Dewey Hobson, who was considered the father of Ventura County, California.

Smith began her career at the UH Mānoa in 1949 teaching piano and music theory, after earning her master's degree in music literature from the Eastman School of Music.

In October 1972, she edited a special edition of the Music Educators Journal to broaden the reach of ethnomusicology beyond specialists.

In 2009, she won the Fumio Koizumi Prize for Ethnomusicology for her work in both research and education with regard to expanding the knowledge and understanding of music and the peoples of Asia and the Pacific.

In 2013, she was made an honorary member of the International Council for Traditional Music, and later on, she founded the Barbara Barnard Smith Travel Award to support participation in an ICTM World Conference.

References 

1920 births
2021 deaths
American ethnomusicologists
Women ethnomusicologists
Ethnomusicology
University of Hawaiʻi faculty
People from Hawaii
American centenarians
Women centenarians
Temple Sinai is a Reform Jewish Synagogue located in Houston, Texas. It primarily serves Jewish residents on the west side of the city as well as a number of western suburbs, including Katy, Cinco Ranch and Sugar Land. The congregation is composed of more than 200 families and is led by Rabbi David Lipper who was hired in 2022. The synagogue is a member of the Union for Reform Judaism (URJ) and its youth group is associated with the North American Federation of Temple Youth (NFTY).

History
The congregation was founded in 1979 by nine families seeking to establish a Reform Jewish presence in western Harris County. Its first Rabbi, Abraham Shaw served in a part-time capacity until 1984, when he was succeeded by Rabbi Howard Rabinowitz. The congregation experienced significant growth in the 1990s, resulting in the hiring of its first full-time rabbi, Todd Thalblum, in 1999. Land was purchased in 2000, and the construction of a new building began in 2002 and completed in 2003. Rabbi Thalblum served until 2008 and was succeeded by Rabbi Barry Diamond on an interim basis until a new rabbi was selected. In 2009, Temple Sinai hired Rabbi Annie Belford who was one of the first women to serve as a solo rabbi for a Houston congregation.

References

External links
Temple Sinai website

Reform synagogues in Texas
Jewish organizations established in 1979
Buildings and structures in Houston
Synagogues completed in 2003
1979 establishments in Texas
Laugh is the second solo album by British singer-songwriter Terry Hall. It was released in 1997 on the Southsea Bubble Company label. Hall wrote the majority of the album with guitarist Craig Gannon and collaborated with several acclaimed musicians namely singer-songwriter Stephen Duffy, the High Llamas' bandleader Sean O'Hagan and most notably Damon Albarn of Blur, whom Hall had collaborated with on Hall's 1995 EP Rainbows. The album was produced by Hall with Gannon and Cenzo Townshend. It received good reviews when original released on CD in October 1997 and peaked at number fifty on the UK Albums Chart and includes the singles "Ballad of a Landlord" and "I Saw the Light".

A special edition of the album was released in 2009 by Edsel record label. The new version featured all of the B-sides from the two singles along with liner notes by Rhoda Dakar.

Track listing
 "Love to See You" (Craig Gannon, Terry Hall) – 4:38
 "Sonny and His Sister"  (Stephen Duffy, Hall) – 3:42
 "Ballad of a Landlord" (Gannon, Hall) – 3:54
 "Take It Forever" (Gannon, Hall) – 4:10
 "Misty Water" (Gannon, Hall) – 4:03
 "A Room Full of Nothing" (Damon Albarn, Hall) – 3:30
 "Happy Go Lucky" (Hall, Sean O'Hagan) – 3:38
 "For the Girl" (Albarn, Hall)– 4:22
 "Summer Follows Spring" (Gannon, Hall) – 5:32
 "I Saw the Light" (Todd Rundgren) – 3:20

 2009 edition bonus tracks
"Ballad of a Landlord" (acoustic version) – 3:48 (B-side of "Ballad of a Landlord")
 "Working Class Hero" (live) (John Lennon) – 3:24 (B-side of "Ballad of a Landlord")
 "Close to You" (Burt Bacharach, Hal David) – 3:59 (B-side of "Ballad of a Landlord")
 "Music to Watch Girls By" (Sid Ramin, Tony Velona) – 2:54 (B-side of "Ballad of a Landlord")
 "Bang Went Forever" (Hall, Paul Kennedy) – 4:45 (B-side of "Ballad of a Landlord")
 "Love to See You" (acoustic version) (Gannon, Hall) – 4:04 (B-side of "I Saw the Light")
 "Misty Water" (acoustic version) (Gannon, Hall) – 3:56
 "Interview" – 3:15 (B-side of "Ballad of a Landlord")

Personnel

Musicians
Terry Hall – vocals, handclapping
Craig Gannon – guitar
Martyn Campbell – bass
Chris Sharrock – drums
Terry Disley – keyboards
Simon Rogers – keyboards, programming
Stephen Street – handclapping
Dave Auty – handclapping
Nick Heyward – backing vocals
Sean O'Hagan – backing vocals
Angie Pollock – backing vocals
Mick Ball – trumpet
Caroline LaVelle – cello
Rosie Lindsell – bassoon
Jocelyn Pook – viola
Julia Singleton – violin
Angharad Warren – flute
Susanna Warren – clarinet

Technical
Terry Hall – arrangements, producer
Craig Gannon – strings, arrangements, producer
Cenzo Townshend – producer
Stephen Street – remixing
Elain Constantine – photography

Chart positions
Album

Singles

References

1997 albums
Terry Hall (singer) albums
Onion skin periosteal reaction also known as multilayered periosteal reaction or lamellated periosteal reaction refers to the multi layered concentric layers of new bone adjacent to the bone cortex. It is called onion skin periosteal reaction because it resembles the layers of an onion. These layers are formed due to any pathological process that leads to the variable, excessive growth of the bone. Onion skin periosteal reaction is seen in osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. In radiological images, onion skin periosteal reaction is seen as radiolucent areas along the multiple layers of dense bone. The lucent areas may be occupied by tumors or inflammation.

References

Radiologic signs
Strela is a rugby union club based in Kazan, Russia.

Honours

Rugby League

 Russian Championships (6): 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001
 Runner-up (8): 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
 Russian Cup (7): 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000

Rugby Union

Strela won the Russian Top League in 2011. Than participate in the Professional Rugby League in 2012 (6 place) and 2013 (4 place) seasons.

Club staff

Head coach – JP Nel 

Forwards coach – Jaco Engels 

Strength and conditioning coach – Timur Khafizov 

Coach Analyst – Marat Ziatdinov

Current squad
2022

International honours

References 

The information in this article is based on that in its Russian equivalent.

Rugby union teams in Russia
Professional Rugby League teams
The Battle of Cenei (1696) was a battle in the Banat of Temeswar (Timișoara/Temeshvar) between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Empire. The Ottomans were victorious. The Habsburg army numbered at most 40,000 infantry and 20,000 cavalry. The Ottoman army was led by Sultan Mustafa II. The Habsburg troops were led by Frederick August I of Saxony.

References

Cenei
1696 in Europe
Cenei
Cenei
The 2004 Speedway Conference League was the third-tier division of British speedway.

Summary
The title was won by Mildenhall Fen Tigers.

Final league table

Conference League Knockout Cup
The 2004 Conference League Knockout Cup was the seventh edition of the Knockout Cup for tier three teams. Mildenhall Fen Tigers were the winners for the second successive year.

Semi-finals

Final

Conference Trophy
Mildenhall Fen Tigers

Riders' Championship
James Wright won the Riders' Championship. The final was held on 28 August at Rye House Stadium.

Pairs
The Pairs Championship was held at the Wimbledon Stadium, on 2 June. The event was won by Mark Burrows and Barrie Evans of the Wimbledon.

Final
Wimbledon (Burrows & Evans) bt Mildenhall (Hawkins & Armstrong)

Fours
Mildenhall won the Conference League Four-Team Championship, held on 10 July 2004 at Loomer Road Stadium.

See also
List of United Kingdom Speedway League Champions

References

Conference
Speedway Conference League
Marshalltown Community College (MCC) is a public community college in Marshalltown, Iowa. It is part of the Iowa Valley Community College District. The campus is located just to the south of Marshalltown along Highway 30. A second campus, Iowa Valley Grinnell, is located in Grinnell. MCC offers 55 degree/diploma options, has a student-faculty ratio of 13:1, and has an annual enrollment at about 2,000 students.

History
The college opened in 1927 as Marshalltown Junior College under the jurisdiction of the Marshalltown Community School District until moving into the Iowa Valley Community College District in 1966.

Academics

This school offers most two-year courses of study, and many of the courses are four-year-college prerequisite courses.

The college is one of three in the Iowa Valley Community College District system. The other two are Ellsworth Community College in Iowa Falls and Iowa Valley Community College at Grinnell.

Campus
Unlike many community colleges in the United States, MCC offers on-campus housing for students. Student housing consists of three new building units, two with 12 suites and one with 15. There are 156 tenants in these apartments. Each "apartment-style" room contains two bedrooms with two beds apiece, and a central kitchenette and "living room".

Transportation
MCC is connected to Marshalltown via the Purple Route of Marshalltown Municipal Transit. The Purple Route runs weekdays from campus to downtown Marshalltown.

Athletics
The college's sports teams are called the Tigers and compete in the Iowa Community College Athletic Conference of the NJCAA. The men's sports available are baseball, basketball, and soccer. The women's sports are basketball, volleyball, and softball.

In the past, the school fielded a football team, as well as a men's and women's golf program along with men's and women's cross country.

Notable alumni
 Will Clyburn, professional basketball player, 2016 top scorer in the Israel Basketball Premier League, 2019 EuroLeague Final Four MVP

References

External links
 Official website

Community colleges in Iowa
Universities and colleges established in 1927
Education in Marshall County, Iowa
Buildings and structures in Marshalltown, Iowa
NJCAA athletics
1927 establishments in Iowa
Marshalltown Community College
Slite is a locality situated in Gotland Municipality, Gotland County, on the island of Gotland, Sweden with 1,500 inhabitants in 2014.

Geography 
Slite is situated on the northern east coast of Gotland. The town is divided by the Sjuströmmar inlet, connecting Bogevik bay with the Baltic Sea. The north, and main part, of the town is situated in Othem socken and the part south of Sjuströmmar is in Boge socken.

Outside Slite is a small archipelago called Slite skärgård. The largest island is Asunden with its protected stack area. Close to the south tip of Asunden is the smaller Grunnet island. The island closest to Sjuströmmar is Enholmen where Karlsvärd Fortress is situated.

High on a cliff in the north part of Slite is the modern Slite Church built in 1959–60. It is designed by Danish architect Holger Jensen. , Slite Church belongs to Othem-Boge parish in Norra Gotlands pastorat, along with the churches in Othem and Boge.

History 
For a long time Slite was an important place for trade and business; nowadays tourism is an important source of income along with the stone and gravel industry, producing concrete from raw material of limestone from nearby quarries. The landscape outside Slite is dominated by the Cementa AB limestone quarry.

In 1902–1953, Slite was connected to Roma by the  Slite-Roma railway.

Events 
The annual Slite Market is the first of the major autumn markets on Gotland. There are five official markets held on the island in August–October: Slite, Havdhem, Kräklingbo, Klintehamn and Hemse, each usually spanning a weekend.

References

External links 

Populated places in Gotland County
Port cities and towns of the Baltic Sea