Events in the year 1955 in Brazil.

Incumbents

Federal government
 President: 
Café Filho (until 8 November)
Carlos Luz (8 November-11 November)
Nereu Ramos (from 11 November)

Governors
 Alagoas: Arnon de Mello
 Amazonas: 
Álvaro Botelho Maia (until 25 March)
Plínio Ramos Coelho (from 25 March)
 Bahia: 
Régis Pacheco (until 7 April)
Antônio Balbino (from 7 April)
 Ceará: 
Stênio Gomes da Silva (until 25 March)
Paulo Sarasate (from 25 March)
 Espírito Santo: 
Francisco Alves Ataíde (until 31 January)
Francisco Lacerda de Aguiar (from 31 January)
 Goiás: José Ludovico de Almeida 
 Maranhão: 
 Mato Grosso: Fernando Corrêa da Costa
 Minas Gerais: 
Juscelino Kubitschek (until 31 March)
Clóvis Salgado da Gama (from 31 March) 
 Pará: Zacarias de Assumpção 
 Paraíba: José Américo de Almeida
 Paraná: 
Bento Munhoz da Rocha Neto (until 3 April)
Antonio Annibelli (3 April-1 May)
Adolfo de Oliveira Franco (from 1 May)
 Pernambuco: 
Etelvino Lins de Albuquerque (until 31 January)
Osvaldo Cordeiro de Farias (from 31 January)
 Piauí: 
Pedro Freitas (until 25 March)
Jacob Gaioso e Almendra (from 25 March)
 Rio de Janeiro: 
Amaral Peixoto (until 31 January)
Miguel Couto Filho (from 31 January)                                                      
 Rio Grande do Norte: Silvio Piza Pedrosa 
 Rio Grande do Sul: 
Ernesto Dornelles (until 25 March)
Ildo Meneghetti (from 25 March)
 Santa Catarina: Irineu Bornhausen 
 São Paulo: 
Lucas Nogueira Garcez (until 31 January)
Jânio Quadros (from 31 January)
 Sergipe: 
Arnaldo Rollemberg Garcez (until 31 January)
Leandro Maciel (from 31 January)

Vice governors
 Alagoas: Sizenando Nabuco de Melo 
 Ceará: Wilson Gonçalves 
 Espírito Santo: 
Francisco Alves Ataíde (until 31 January)
Adwalter Ribeiro Soares (from 31 January)
 Goiás: Bernardo Sayão Carvalho Araújo 
 Maranhão: Renato Bayma Archer da Silva 
 Mato Grosso: João Leite de Barros 
 Minas Gerais: Clóvis Salgado da Gama
 Paraíba: João Fernandes de Lima 
 Piauí: 
Tertuliano Milton Brandão (until 25 March)
Francisco Ferreira de Castro (from 25 March)
 Rio de Janeiro: 
Tarcísio Miranda (until 31 January)
Roberto Silveira (from 31 January)
 Rio Grande do Norte: Vacant
 São Paulo: 
Erlindo Salzano (until 31 January)
Porfírio da Paz (from 31 January)
 Sergipe: 
Edelzio Vieira de Melo (until 31 January)
José Machado de Souza (from 31 January)

Events
date unknown 
The Museum of Modern Art, Rio de Janeiro, is completed, a Modernist concrete museum building, designed by Affonso Eduardo Reidy, with gardens designed by Burle Marx.

January
January 31: An earthquake with a 6.2 magnitude hits Porto dos Gaúchos, Mato Grosso; becoming the biggest earthquake in Brazil.

July
July 25: President Café Filho signs the Electoral Law, which establishes the single ballot.
July 25-August 4: Bishops from all over Latin America meet in Rio de Janeiro for the first Episcopal Conference of Latin America.

October
October 3: Direct presidential elections are held, where Juscelino Kubitschek emerges victorious, after receiving 35.7% of the vote.

November  
November 3: President Café Filho is admitted to a hospital in Rio de Janeiro after suffering a heart attack.
November 8: Café Filho is forced to leave the presidency of Brazil on health grounds. The President of the Chamber of Deputies, Carlos Luz, assumes the presidency.
November 11: With the support of the First Army's commander, Odílio Denys, General Henrique Lott advances with military troops over Rio de Janeiro. Upon learning of the military advancement, Carlos Luz flees aboard the Cruiser Tamandaré, along with Carlos Lacerda and Colonel Mamede. Under pressure from the military occupation, the Brazilian Congress vote to impeach Carlos Luz, for having left Brazilian territory without authorization. Senate President Nereu Ramos, becomes the 20th President of Brazil on an interim basis.
November 25: Interim President Nereu Ramos, with authorization from the National Congress, declares a state of emergency, until the elected candidates can take office.

Culture and the arts

Books
Osman Lins - 0 Visitante

Drama
Ariano Suassuna - O Auto da Compadecida

Births

January
 January 2: Edson Leal Pujol, army general

March
March 16: Bruno Barreto, film director
March 21: Jair Bolsonaro, 38th president of Brazil

June
June 24: Betty Lago, actress (died 2015)

July
July 17: Luiz Alberto Figueiredo, diplomat and politician

Deaths

March
March 23: Arthur Bernardes, politician (born 1875)

References

See also 
1955 in Brazilian football

 
1950s in Brazil
Years of the 20th century in Brazil
Brazil
Brazil