Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Sheikh Abdi Abukar Gaafle, Somali: (Sheekh Cabdi Gaafle), was a leader of the Biimaal Revolt against Italian occupation of southern Somalia. Born in Armadow (Ceelwareegow) near Marka District, Somalia in 1852, he died in 1922 in Laantabuur, Raaxoole District, Somalia. He is described as one of the best known resistance leaders in the history of southern Somalia.

History 

Sheikh Abdi Abikar Gāfle or also more famously known as Gāfle (Somali: Sheekh Cabdi Abiikar "Gaafle"). A famous Bimaal ma’allin (teacher-sheikh) and warrior born in ‘Armadobe village in 1852. He was also a prominent figure in the Bimāl Revolt against the Italians. He met his end in 1922.[1]

He grew up finishing his Quranic education and studies at home, he was afterwards sent for higher Islamic education to Ceel Jaale center close to Merca. He studied the subjects of:

1.Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence)

2.Tafseer (Qur'anic translations and interpretations),

3.Hadith (Prophet Muhammad’s tradition, Sunnah).[2]

Sheikh Abdi Abikar Gāfle learned from well known sheikhs at that time like Sheikh Usman Sheikh Hassan and Sheikh Muhammad Abdalla, also known as 'Baarmawaaye'. Gaafle continued to become a well-known individual in the Bimal community.

In 1888, Gaafle started to travel increasingly all over the Shabelle Valley preaching his ideology, teaching and warning the public and about the Italian colonizers.

The Bimal Revolt 

Gāfle took part in the Igalle  shir(clan council) in June 1896 and led an army against the Italians. Gāfle was behind the alliance with the Dervishes and their leader Sayid Mohamed. Although the Dervishes provided Gāfle with firearms, they would not fight with him.  Gāfle is said to have continued his resistance until 1908.

References 

1852 births
1922 deaths
1920s in Somalia
Italian Somaliland
Somalian educators
DealBase.com is a website that lists hotel packages. DealBase.com was founded by former employees of SideStep, Expedia, and TravelPost. In May 2009, the company announced a $1 million angel round of funding. Currently the site focuses on US, Mexican, Caribbean, and Central American hotels.

Features
Contents of a hotel deal are broken out in itemized lists on their site. Exact or estimated standard prices are given to each line item, to calculate the approximate savings compared to what someone would pay if they assembled a package's components themselves.

The site does not accept payment from hotels ("pay to play") for more prominent placement of any particular deal or hotel in its search results.

References

External links
Official Website
Coupon Codes

American travel websites
The Hystricognathi are an infraorder of rodents, distinguished from other rodents by the bone structure of their skulls. The masseter medialis (a jaw muscle) passes partially through a hole below each eye socket (called the infraorbital foramen) and connects to the bone on the opposite side. This, together with their lack of an infraorbital plate and the relative size of the infraorbital foramen, distinguishes hystricognaths from other rodent groups.

The 18 families within the Hystricognathi are divided into two parvorders, the Phiomorpha and the Caviomorpha. The Caviomorpha are mostly native to South America, with a few species in the Caribbean and North America, while the Phiomorpha occur in the Old World.

Behavior
Play behavior has been observed in seven hystricognath families. The caviomorphs chase each other, play-wrestle, and gallop.  The longer-legged species chase more often than the shorter-legged species.  They also rotate their heads and body muscles as a form of play.

Phiomorphan hystricognath families
 Bathyergidae (African mole rats)
 Heterocephalidae (naked mole rats, monotypic taxon)
 Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)
 Petromuridae (dassie rat, monotypic taxon)
 Thryonomyidae (cane rats)

Caviomorphan hystricognath families
 Abrocomidae (chinchilla rats)
 Capromyidae (hutias)
 Caviidae (guinea pigs, wild cavies, and capybaras)
 Chinchillidae (chinchillas and viscachas)
 Ctenomyidae (tuco-tucos)
 Cuniculidae (pacas)
 Dasyproctidae (agoutis and acouchis)
 Dinomyidae (pacaranas and their fossil relatives, including some of megafaunal size)
 Echimyidae (spiny rats)
 Erethizontidae (New World porcupines)
 Myocastoridae (coypu)
 Octodontidae (13 species including the degus)

See also
 Sciurognathi
 Hystricomorpha

References

Citations

Sources 

 Alfred L. Gardner Curator of North American mammals and Chief of Mammal Section, National Biological Service,Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA   	 
 Charles A. Woods  Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-2035  	 	 
 McKenna, Malcolm C. and Susan K. Bell  1997 Classification of mammals above the species level   631  Columbia University Press   New York, New York, USA     	 
 Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds.  1993 Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing xviii + 1207   Smithsonian Institution Press  	 Washington, DC, USA     Corrections were made to text at 3rd printing

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20061130080256/http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/topics/mammal_anatomy/rodent_jaws.html

 
Rodent taxonomy
Mammal infraorders
Extant Eocene first appearances
Batok may refer to:

 Batok, general terms for indigenous tattoos of the Philippines. 
 Bukit Batok (disambiguation), Planning area and matured residential town in West Region of Singapore
 Mount Batok, cinder cone in East Java, Indonesia

See also
Batuk (disambiguation)
Luis Enrique Zamudio Lizardo Jr. (born June 24, 1998) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a goalkeeper for Pittsburgh Riverhounds, on loan from Major League Soccer club D.C. United.

Early life
Born in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States to Mexican parents, Zamudio holds double citizenship and is eligible to play for the United States or Mexico. Zamudio is a product of Sueño MLS, he participated in the 2015 MLS tryouts and reached the national finals after advancing from the Los Angeles leg.

Club career

Club América
Zamudio has been registered with America's first team since 2019, and was the third-choice goalkeeper Guillermo Ochoa and Óscar Jiménez.

North Texas SC
On 7 February 2020, Zamudio joined USL League One side North Texas SC on a one-year contract with an option for the 2021 season. His contract option was declined by North Texas following their 2020 season.

Fort Lauderdale CF
In April 2021, Zamudio joined USL League One side Fort Lauderdale CF ahead of the 2021 season.

On July 7, 2021, Zamudio joined Miami FC on loan.

Loudoun United
Zamudio signed with USL Championship side Loudoun United ahead of their 2022 season.

D.C. United
On October 17, 2022, it was announced Zamudio would join MLS side D.C. United ahead of their 2023 season. On June 16, 2023, he joined USL Championship side Pittsburgh Riverhounds on a one-month loan. He picked up a clean sheet in his first match for the Riverhounds in a 0-0 draw against Oakland Roots SC.

References

External links

1998 births
Living people
Mexican men's footballers
American men's soccer players
Club América footballers
Liga Premier de México players
Men's association football goalkeepers
Soccer players from Las Vegas
American sportspeople of Mexican descent
North Texas SC players
USL League One players
Inter Miami CF II players
Miami FC players
Loudoun United FC players
Major League Soccer players
D.C. United players
Pittsburgh Riverhounds SC players
USL Championship players
Chasa is a community from the Indian state of Odisha. Chasas were traditionally cultivators but are now engaged in several professions. The Odia word chasa means farmer. They are third largest caste by population in Odisha.

History
The Orh/Oda Chasas claim that they were the first tribe to settle in Odisha, and that they began to cultivate the land. They claim that Odisha is named after them.

They are classified as Shudra in the Hindu caste system. The association between Chasas and their occupation of manual labour (ploughing) was used to stigmatize the Chasas and distinguish them from the upper castes as late as the early 19th century. "Chasa" was considered to be a "generic derogatory term for cultivators", in contrast to the sabhya bhabya Gan "sophisticated people".

Around the turn of the 20th century, Chasas were small farmers and marginal raiyats.

In modern-day Odisha, the Chasas are among the dominant castes in most villages, and are landowners and economically powerful.

Classification
Chasas are classified under OBC category in Odisha, where Odapadhan a subdivision of Chasa caste are belongs to SEBC category. Risley notes that, since the caste system is not practiced as per the Varna model he was idolizing, it was possible for outsiders to become Chasas, and wealthy Chasas who took up the title Mohanty could marry into Karana  families. Some wealthy Chasas began identifying as Khandayats. The Chasas are ranked into four subcastes: Benatya, oda/odra, Chukuliya, and Sukuliya. The Benatyas are the highest in rank, and the Chukuliya is the lowest in rank.

According to Risley's 1901 study, the Chasa's were a low caste and did not eat beef, pork, or fowl. They were usually served by degraded Brahmins, Dhobas, and rarely a Napit.

People

 Sarala Dasa, 15th century Odia poet

References

External links
http://www.bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in/obc/faq/orrisa.pdf

Indian castes
Social groups of Odisha
The Mt Cattlin mine is a spodumene-tantalite mine  north of Ravensthorpe, Western Australia.  In 2019 Mt Cattlin had a reserve of 8.2 million tonnes of ore grading 1.29% Li2O and 155 ppm Ta2O5. 

The mine was operated by Galaxy Resources between 2009 and 2012 before being placed on care-and-maintenance in 2013. Mine production restarted on 31 March 2016 with a 17-year mine life at a rate of 800,000 tonnes of ore per year. In January 2017 the first shipment of 10,000 tonnes of lithium concentrate was consigned from Esperance to Lianyungang, China.

References

External links
 MINEDEX website: Mt Cattlin Spodumene Database of the Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety

Lithium mines in Australia
Mines in Western Australia
Shire of Ravensthorpe
Surface mines in Australia
The Boston Mills Historic District is a historic district in the Cuyahoga Valley National Park in Northeast Ohio in the United States. With the opening of the Ohio and Erie Canal in 1827, people began to settle in this vicinity. By 1842, there was a water-powered mill, a large warehouse, a boat-yard, two stores and a hotel, and the population was around 300. A number of houses and other buildings dating back to that period remain.

With the decrease in boat traffic on the canal the village declined somewhat, but its fortunes revived with the construction of the railway in 1880 and the arrival of the Cleveland—Akron Bag Company in 1900. This industry drew in many Polish immigrant workers, and housing and commercial premises were built. Many of these buildings remain today, intermingled with the older properties.

History
Located in the Cuyahoga Valley National Park, the Village of Boston Mills reflects the early 19th-century canal era and the early 20th-century industrial era. With the opening of the Ohio and Erie Canal from Cleveland to Akron in 1827, the settlement along the Cuyahoga River began to grow. By 1842, Boston Mills had a population of approximately 300. A water-powered mill, a large warehouse, two stores and a hotel were some of the businesses in the village. Canal boat building was also an important industry with several dry docks in this inland port. Although the canal is not watered through the village now, one of the system's locks is still extant and several Greek Revival frame buildings date from the early 19th century. The Upwright and Wing house type reflects the extended New England settlement culture. This style is exemplified by the main gable-front two-story section containing a parlor and bedchambers, while the kitchen is located in a perpendicular one-story eave oriented section. The 1836 Boston Company Store, with its Federal and Greek Revival influences, now serves as a Cuyahoga Valley National Park visitor center and canal boat building museum.

Although the village stagnated with the end of canal packet, or passenger boat era, the arrival of the Valley Railway in 1880 and the Cleveland—Akron Bag Company in 1900 began a new period of growth. Connecting the industries of Cleveland with the coal fields in the south, the Valley Railway provided raw resources and access to markets for industrial operations. The Cleveland—Akron Bag Company brought with it many Polish immigrant workers and new houses—built and sold by the company. Several patterned concrete block houses and a school remain from this era, along with a company store building. A somewhat later 20th-century building, the M. D. Garage has been restored, including period gas pumps and signage, and now houses art exhibits. The compact nature of the village creates streetscapes that juxtapose the buildings from each era.

References

Greek Revival architecture in Ohio
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio
National Register of Historic Places in Summit County, Ohio
Houses in Summit County, Ohio
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio
National Register of Historic Places in Cuyahoga Valley National Park
Patrick Duprat is a Mayotte politician. Formerly a sub-prefect of the French commune of Yssingeaux, Duprat was appointed Secretary-General of the Prefecture of Mayotte on 10 May 2010. He then served as acting Prefect between 4 July and 21 July 2011, from the end of Hubert Derache's tenure to the appointment of Thomas Degos.

References

Living people
Prefects of Mayotte
French civil servants
Mayotte people
Year of birth missing (living people)
St Olaf's Church In Tyrvää – One Hundred and One Paintings is a book published in 2010 by Kirjapaja. In the book Pirjo Silveri describes how the medieval St Olaf's Church in Tyrvää, Sastamala, Finland was reconstructed by hand after it was burned in 1997. Finnish contemporary painters Kuutti Lavonen and Osmo Rauhala made all the paintings. The painting are presented in the book, as are the artists. The material for the book consists of thousands of photos, interviewing tapes, notes and press clippings.

The book includes tens of photos of the reconstruction work and of the new paintings.

The book is in English and in Finnish. It was launched July 3, 2010 at the Old Book Festival in Sastamala, Finland. The writer of the book Pirjo Silveri was called to document the whole process of painting the interior of the church.

Notes

Finnish non-fiction books
2010 non-fiction books
Architecture books
PLH Architects is an architectural firm based in Copenhagen, Denmark. It was founded in 1977 by Palle Leif Hansen.

Location
PLH Arkitekter is based in a former industrial complex situated in the Haraldsgade neighbourhood on the border between outer Nørrebro and Østerbro in Copenhagen. The buildings are the former home of Laurids Knudsens Mekaniske Etablissement.

Selected projects

Completed
 East Asiatic Company headquarters (now Alm. Brand), Midtermolen, Copenhagen (1998)
 Havnestaden masterplan, Islands Brygge, Copenhagen (1992)
 GeoCenter Møns Klint, Møn, Denmark (2007) 
 Aller House, Havneholmen, Copenhagen (2009) 
 Danish National Archives, Copenhagen (2009)
K 29, Vilnius, Lithuania (2013–2015)

In progress
 Harboes Brewery Visitor Center, Skælskør, Denmark
 Mærsk Building, Amerika Plads, Copenhagen, Denmark
 Trelleborg Visitor Center, Slagelse, Denmark

Gallery

References

External links
 Official website

Architecture firms of Denmark
Architecture firms based in Copenhagen
Companies based in Copenhagen Municipality
Danish companies established in 1977
Design companies established in 1977
is a children's comedy manga series written and illustrated by . The series was published by Poplar Publishing Co. Ltd. in Japan and licensed by Viz Media in North America.

Further reading

References

External links
 
 Leave it to PET! at Viz Media

2004 manga
Children's manga
Comedy anime and manga
Shōnen manga
Viz Media manga
Begoña  is a station on Line 10 of the Madrid Metro, serving the Colonia Virgen de Begoña ("Virgin of Begoña colony") development. It is located in fare Zone A. It lies directly below the major road Paseo de la Castellana which separates the districts of Fuencarral-El Pardo (La Paz neighbourhood) to the west and Chamartín to the east, though access is only via the west side of the road (a pedestrian subway access allows access to the station from the east).

Despite giving service to the Cuatro Torres Business Area and two large hospitals—La Paz and Ramón y Cajal—the station continues to have no disabled access as of 2020. This has caused much discontent with its frequent users, although there are plans for the construction of new elevator shafts.

References 

Line 10 (Madrid Metro) stations
Railway stations in Spain opened in 1982
Buildings and structures in Fuencarral-El Pardo District, Madrid
Salvatore Antonio "Tony" Fratto (born ) was deputy assistant and deputy press secretary to former United States President George W. Bush.

Career
Tony Fratto is a managing partner at Hamilton Place Strategies, a strategic communications and crisis management consultancy based in Washington, DC.  He is also an on-air contributor on the CNBC network, addressing current economic policy issues.

Fratto served as deputy assistant to the president and deputy press secretary to President George W. Bush from September 2006 to January 2009. He was Principal Deputy Press Secretary under Dana Perino's tenure as Press Secretary from 2007 to 2009. In this role Fratto served as the White House's lead spokesman and communications advisor on a broad range policy issues in support of Bush, working directly with the President and senior White House officials, and speaking for the White House to the national press corps from the White House podium and in on-camera interviews.

Fratto represented the Bush Administration on international and domestic economic policy – including international trade; financial markets; tax policy; banking; and international development.  He also served as the White House's lead spokesman on legal issues, Supreme Court cases, U.S. intelligence issues, terrorist financing and financial crimes.  

Before moving to the White House worked at the U.S. Treasury Department where he initially served as the department's spokesman on domestic and international finance, and international development policy, and later as the assistant secretary for public affairs, responsible for all Treasury issues.  Fratto was instrumental in developing the Bush Administration's messaging in dealing with global financial crises, currency policy, counter-terrorist finance, and tax policy.  He assisted three Treasury secretaries on activities ranging from preparation for G7 finance ministers meetings to congressional testimony, interviews and speeches.  Combining his work at the Treasury and the White House, Fratto directed and participated in communications efforts in visits to more than 60 countries around the world.

Before joining the Bush Administration, Fratto served as a communications specialist for the Bush-Cheney campaign.  Prior to that he served as vice president of government affairs for the Pittsburgh Regional Alliance, conducting public affairs and issue campaigns on infrastructure investments in Pennsylvania and tax reform.  

Earlier in his career, he served in senior legislative and communications positions in the United States Senate, and as a political director to Pennsylvania Governor Tom Ridge. and as assistant secretary for public affairs at the Department of Treasury.

Early life
Born and raised in Pittsburgh, Fratto received his bachelor's degree in economics from the University of Pittsburgh, and attended the university's Graduate School of Public and International Affairs.

References

External links

1966 births
American people of Italian descent
Living people
People from Pittsburgh
Pennsylvania Republicans
Mitin () is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Mitina. The surname is derived from Mitya, a diminutive of the male given name Dmitry, and literally means Mitya's. It may refer to

Aleksei Mitin (born 1973), Russian footballer
Darya Mitina (born 1973), Russian politician, historian and cinema critic
Mark Borisovich Mitin (1901-1987), Soviet Marxist-Leninist philosopher and university lecturer
Sergey Anatolyevich Mitin (born 1980), Russian footballer
Sergey Gerasimovich Mitin (born 1951), Russian politician
Viktoria Mitina, Russian politician

Russian-language surnames
Acharya Ravisena was a seventh century Digambara Jain Acharya, who wrote Padmapurana (Jain Ramayana) in Sanskrit in 678 AD. In Padmapurana, he mentions about a ceremony called suttakantha, which means the thread hanging from neck.

Ravishena and his Padmapurana has been mentioned in Kuvalayamala of Udyotana Suri (Vikram 835) and Jinasena in his Harivansha Purana (Vikram 840).

Padmapurana is said to follow Paumachariya, although it sometimes departs from it. In the Jain tradition, Rama is a Balabhadra, who is non-violent. According to Padma Purana, Ravana was killed by Lakshmana. After having rules for many years, Rama, became a muni and eventually attained nirvana.

Notes

References

External links

Jain acharyas
Indian Jain monks
7th-century Indian Jains
7th-century Jain monks
7th-century Indian monks
Nuno Álvares Pereira de Melo, 1st Duke of Cadaval, 4th Marquis of Ferreira, 5th Count of Tentúgal (4 November 1638 - 29 January 1725), was a Portuguese nobleman and statesman.

Life 
Nuno was a general in the Portuguese Restoration War, which earned him prestige and achieved himself the title of Duke of Cadaval. Following the end of the war, he was made Constable of Portugal in the Portuguese Cortes of 1668.

In June 1670, Nuno became a member of the , an administrative organ of the Portuguese Empire.

In 1707, the Duke was made chief of the Portuguese army.

He first married Maria de Faro, daughter of Francisco de Faro, 7th Count of Odemira. His second wife was Marie Angélique, daughter of François Louis, Count of Harcourt. His third marriage was to Marguerite of Lorraine (17 November 1662 – 16 December 1730), daughter of Louis, Count of Armagnac. He was grandfather to Leonor Tomásia de Távora, 3rd Marquise of Távora.

Ancestry

References

1638 births
1725 deaths
101
Constables of Portugal
Portuguese nobility