The China–Arab States Cooperation Forum (CASCF) is a formal dialogue initiative between China and the Arab League established in 2004. It serves as the primary multilateral coordination mechanism between China and the Arab states.

Background and membership 
CASCF was the first cooperation forum between the Arab League and any other country or region. CASCF membership consists of China and the Arab League, which officially represents its twenty-two member states as a relatively unified body. CASCF therefore serves as the primary multilateral coordination mechanism between China and the Arab States. This coordination by the Arab League allows Arab states to negotiate actively for collective projects involving multiple states, such as railway projects, nuclear power projects, and Dead Sea initiatives.

From 2011 to 2023, during the suspension of their Arab League memberships in 2011, Libya and Syria participated individually in CASCF.

Since 2018, China frames CASCF as falling within its Belt and Road Initiative.

Political norms and activities 
The core political norms that China advocates within CASCF are its Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence: mutual respect for territory and sovereignty, mutual nonaggression, mutual noninterference in internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful co-existence. These principles are a conservative interpretation of the Westphalian norms of state sovereignty. China's advocacy for this strict interpretation of Westphalian sovereignty has intensified since the 2011 NATO intervention in Libya, creating some tensions within CASCF over the positions China (as a member of the United Nations Security Council) takes on Syria, although generally the Arab League states continue to support China's advocacy of the Five Principles.

In contrast to China's mostly similar cooperation forum with Africa (the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, or FOCAC), CASCF is more focused on international and regional political issues. Many Arab states view China as a great power which can assist them in the international community, especially via the UN Security Council.

The most prominent political issue advocated through CASCF is a Middle East peace process aimed at resolving the Arab-Israeli conflict (including the territorial disputes that Lebanon and Syria each have with Israel). Other issues which have emerged following the Arab Spring include the Syrian civil war, and issues in Iraq, Libya, Yemen, Sudan, and Somalia.

During the 2014 forum, Chinese President Xi Jinping articulated a cooperation framework through which civil nuclear power plants were described as a new frontier for collaboration between China and the Arab States.

In recent years, CASCF documents have noted Arab states’ support for China's approach in Hong Kong.

Support for Palestine 
Throughout the development of CASCF, Arab states have urged China to use the forum to strengthen its support for Palestine; CASCF's statements of support for Palestine have grown stronger over time.

In its 2004 founding declaration, CASCF states, "China stresses support for the Middle Eastern peace process, land for peace principle and the Beirut Summit Arab Peace Initiative." The action plan from the 2004 summit provides concrete detail, calling for strengthening the UN's peace process role and an independent state for Palestinians. The 2008 CASCF declaration goes further, calling on Israel to end the occupation of lands occupied since 1967, for the work of the international community to lift the blockade on Palestinians, and for Israel to stop building settlements. In response to united pressure from the Arab states, CASCF agreed in 2010 to call specifically for an end of Israel's occupation in East Jerusalem. The 2012 CASCF declaration called for Palestine to become a full member of the UN and of UNESCO. Subsequent CASCF declarations have echoed these positions. Of particular note, the 2018 declaration calls on all states to implement UN Security Council Resolution 2334 (2016) (which condemns measures designed to change the demographic make-up of occupied Palestinian territory, including East Jerusalem) and explicitly criticizes the United States for moving its embassy in Israel to Jerusalem.

Special loans
China-Arab states special loans are two special credit lines established by China in announcements in 2016 and 2018 in the amount of US$15 billion and $20 billion respectively. Both announcements were made in speeches given by Xi Jinping that called for jointly building the Belt and Road Initiative, China's global economic connectivity plan.

2016 special loan
The $15 billion special loan for infrastructure and manufacturing was announced in January 2016 during a visit by President Xi at the Arab League. The loan program in 2016 was announced as part of a larger financial package that had a heavy emphasis on business and investment. In addition to the $15 billion special credit line, US$10 billion of commercial loans and US$10 billion of concessional loans (foreign aid loans) were announced. The launch in December 2015 of the $10 billion UAE-China Joint Investment Fund was also noted.

2018 special loan
During the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum in Beijing in July 2018, President Xi announced the $20 billion special loan for "economic reconstruction."

The 2018 announcement took on a different tone from the one in 2016 with pledges of help for reconstruction of war torn countries. The $20 billion special credit line was paired with a 600 million yuan humanitarian and reconstruction aid for Syria, Yemen, Jordan and Lebanon and a further 1 billion yuan was offered to support "social stability efforts". Also announced in 2018 was a China-Arab Countries Interbank Association with $3 billion in funding from China Development Bank for interbank credits with local banks in the region.

Timeline of summits
The CASCF was established in 2004 by President Hu when he visited the Arab League headquarters in Cairo.

 2004: 1st meeting in Cairo. Declaration of the China-Arab State Cooperation Forum.
 2006: 2nd meeting in Beijing. Joint Communiqué on Environmental Protection.
 2008: 3rd meeting in Manama.
 2010: 4th meeting in Tianjin.
 2012: 5th meeting in Hammamet.
 2014: 6th meeting in Beijing. The 2014 Declaration and ten-year plan discuss the "Silk Road Economic Belt" and "21st Century Maritime Silk Road," references that pre-date the official beginning of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
 2016: 7th meeting in Doha. The 2016 Declaration and ten-year plan expand the scope of BRI cooperation between China and the Arab states to include nuclear energy, satellites, "new energy and Arab capacity strengthening." 
 2018: 8th meeting in Beijing.
 2022: 1st meeting of China-Arab States Summit
 2023: 9th meeting in Chengdu.

References

2004 in international relations
Foreign relations of the Arab League
Arab States Cooperation Forum
Chinese economic policy
Belt and Road Initiative