Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Negroes with Guns: Rob Williams and Black Power is a 2004 feature film by directors Sandra Dickson and Churchill Roberts. It was a National PBS Broadcast, on Independent Lens, in February 2006. The film won the 2006 Erik Barnouw Award for Outstanding Historical Documentary, of the Organization of American Historians, the Audience Award of the Detroit Docs Film Festival, in 2005, and the Critic's Award for Outstanding Feature Documentary of the New York UrbanWorld Film Festival, in 2005.

The documentary film is the life story of Robert F. Williams, his role in the US civil rights movement, his exiles to Cuba and China, and his return from China. It also contains witness testimonies of many of the events described in Williams' 1962 book Negroes with Guns.

In a 2006 interview, filmmaker-director Sandra Dickson said: "It's a relatively unknown story of an individual who's really the forefather of the black power movement, who laid the intellectual foundation for the Panthers and others. I think also it's this dramatic David vs. Goliath story. This man was a local community activist, whose actions would propel him and his cause onto a national and international stage."

A review in Variety concluded: "What promises to offer a missing link in the chain between the 1950s’ non-violent civil rights movement and the 1960s’ militant black liberation movement isn't quite delivered in Negroes With Guns: Rob Williams and Black Power."

The book Negroes with Guns and the film are part of on-going societal discussion about Black history in America.

References

Further reading

External links
 The Documentary Institute, a graduate program at the University of Florida (Sponsor), archived from the original on May 1, 2005.
 California Newsreel (Distributor)
 PBS Independent Lens (Distributor)
 Vimeo (Video on demand)

2004 films
American political films
Anti-racism in the United States
Documentary films about African Americans
Documentary films about the civil rights movement
Documentary films about the Black Panther Party
2000s American films
In number theory, the second Hardy–Littlewood conjecture concerns the number of primes in intervals. Along with the first Hardy–Littlewood conjecture, the second Hardy–Littlewood conjecture was proposed by G. H. Hardy and John Edensor Littlewood in 1923.

Statement
The conjecture states that

for integers , where  denotes the prime-counting function, giving the number of prime numbers up to and including .

Connection to the first Hardy–Littlewood conjecture
The statement of the second Hardy–Littlewood conjecture is equivalent to the statement that the number of primes from  to  is always less than or equal to the number of primes from 1 to . This was proved to be inconsistent with the first Hardy–Littlewood conjecture on prime -tuples, and the first violation is expected to likely occur for very large values of .  For example, an admissible k-tuple (or prime constellation) of 447 primes can be found in an interval of  integers, while .  If the first Hardy–Littlewood conjecture holds, then the first such -tuple is expected for  greater than  but less than .

References

External links
 
 

Analytic number theory
Conjectures about prime numbers
Unsolved problems in number theory
Gilla in Chomded húa Cormaic was a Gaelic-Irish poet of the early Middle Ages, fl. c. 1150 - c.1170.

Biography
Gilla in Chomded was a poet, scribe and scholar at the monastery of Tulach Léis (Tullylisk, County Down).

He authored the poem A Rí richid, réidig dam, which has received extensive scholarly attention since the 19th century but still lacks a critical edition. It survives in the Book of Leinster.

Aimirgin Glúngel tuir tend is another surviving poem credited to him.

Notes and references

Further reading
 Trinity College Dublin Library, MS 1339 (H 2. 18, Book of Leinster), p. 144b.
 Ernst Windisch, L'ancienne légende irlandaise et les poésies ossianiques. Trad. E. Ernault, Revue Celtique 5 (1881) 70–93.
 Heinrich Zimmer, Anzeige von 'Essai d'un Catalogue de la littérature epique d'Irlande''', Göttingische gelehrte Anzeigen (1887) 169–175; 184–193.
 Henri d'Arbois de Jubainville, La littérature ancienne de l'Irlande et l'Ossian de Mac-Pherson, Bibl. de l'École des Chartes 41 (1888) 475–487.
 Alfred Nutt, A new theory of the Ossianic Saga, Academy 39 (1891) 161–163; 235.
 Heinrich Zimmer, Ossin und Oskar. Ein weiteres Zeugnis für den Ursprung der irisch-gälischen Finn (-Ossian-) Sage in der Vikingerzeit, Zeitschrift für deutsches Alterthum 35 (1891) 1–176.
 George Henderson, The Fionn Saga, Celtic Review 1–3 (1904–1906).
 Edmund Curtis, Age and Origin of the Fenian tales, Ivernian Society Journal 1 (1909) 159–168.
 Kuno Meyer, Fianaigecht [Introduction]. Todd Lecture Series 16 (Dublin 1910).
 F. Mezger, Finn mac Cumaill und Fingal bis zum 17. Jahrhundert, American Journal of Philology 48 (1929) 361–367.
 R. D. Scott, The Thumb of Knowledge in legends of Finn, Sigurd and Taliesin. Studies in Celtic and French literature (New York 1930).
 Roger Chauviré (tr.), Contes ossianiques (Paris 1949).
 Josef Weisweiler, Die Kultur der irischen Heldensage, Paideuma 4 (1950) 149–170.
 Gerard Murphy, Duanaire Finn. The Book of the lays of Fionn, pt 3. Dublin 1953 (=ITS volume 43.)
 Gerard Murphy, The Ossianic lore and romantic tales of medieval Ireland, (Dublin 1955; reprinted 1961; reprinted Cork, Mercier Press, 1971 with revisions.)
 Josef Weisweiler, Hintergrund und Herkunft der ossianischen Dichtung, Literaturwissenschaftliches Jahrbuch 4 (1963), p. 21–42.
 David Krause, The hidden Oisín, Studia Hibernica 6 (1966) 7–24.
 Seán Mac Giolla Riabhaigh, 'Ní bía mar do bá.' Scrúdú téamúil ar na laoithe Fiannaíochta, Irisleabhar Mhá Nuad (1970), p. 52–63.
 James MacKillop, Fionn mac Cumhaill: Celtic Myth in English Literature. Syracuse 1986.
 Dáithí Ó hÓgáin, Fionn Mac Cumhaill: Images of a Gaelic Hero, Dublin 1988.
 Máirtín Ó Briain, Review of Ó hÓgáin, Bealoideas 57 (1989), p. 174–183.
 Donald E. Meek, Review of Ó hÓgáin, Cambridge Medieval Celtic Studies 22 (Winter 1991), p. 101–103.

External links
 http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G303018

Irish scribes
Writers from County Down
12th-century Irish writers
12th-century Irish historians
Medieval European scribes
12th-century Irish poets
Irish male poets
Irish-language writers
Aaron Beer Gabriel (; February 10, 1739 – January 3, 1821), also known as the Bamberger Ḥazzan, was a German ḥazzan and composer, who served as chief cantor of the Jewish congregation of Berlin. He was known as a tenor of considerable vocal range.

Biography
Aaron Beer was born in Poppenlauer, Bavaria, in 1739. He became cantor in Paderborn at a young age, and in 1765 he came to Berlin. He succeeded  as chief cantor of the Heidereutergasse Synagogue in 1786. 

Beer composed himself, but also commissioned compositions, collecting over 1,200 pieces of music for use in the synagogue. He actively sought to discourage the congregation from singing along by constantly adding new melodies. His collection is now held at the Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati.

References

External links
 

1739 births
1821 deaths
Clergy from Berlin
Composers from Berlin
German tenors
Hazzans
Jewish composers
Singers from Berlin
John Guzik may refer to:

 John Guzik (linebacker) (1936–2012), American football player
 John Guzik (defensive lineman) (born 1962), American football player
Gregory John Crafter  (born 16 September 1944) is a former South Australian Labor Party politician. He was the member for Norwood from 1979 to 1993, with a short break from September 1979 to February 1980.

Crafter was elected in a March 1979 by-election triggered by the abrupt resignation of Premier Don Dunstan, the member for Norwood since 1953.  Only six months later, however, he was turned out of office by Liberal Frank Webster as Labor lost government in the September 1979 state election.  When the Court of Disputed Returns overturned Webster's win, Crafter contested a February 1980 by-election for his old seat and won.  He held the seat until his defeat in 1993.

Crafter held a number of ministerial positions under John Bannon and Lynn Arnold, including Minister for Local Government.

After his parliamentary career, Crafter worked as a registered political lobbyist in South Australia, acting as Greg Crafter Consulting. He also served as National Catholic Education Commission chairman.

References

1944 births
Living people
Members of the South Australian House of Assembly
Officers of the Order of Australia
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of South Australia
Topaklı may refer to the following places in Turkey:

 Topaklı, Gölbaşı, a neighborhood of the district of Gölbaşı, Ankara Province
 Topaklı, Tarsus, a village in the district of Tarsus, Mersin Province
WAOB may refer to:

 WAOB (AM), a radio station (860 AM) licensed to Millvale, Pennsylvania, United States
 WAOB-FM, a radio station (106.7 FM) licensed to Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, United States
Chittagong is a city in south-eastern Bangladesh.

Chittagong may also refer to:

 Chittagong Division, an administrative division of Bangladesh
 Chittagong District, a district in the south-eastern region of Bangladesh
 Chittagong Hill Tracts, an area in south-eastern Bangladesh
 Chittagong, a 2012 Indian film based upon actual events about British India's (now in Bangladesh) Chittagong Uprising
 Port of Chittagong, the largest seaport in Bangladesh
 Chittagong Colony, a Bengali neighborhood in Karachi, Pakistan
 Chittagong Court Building, historical court house in Chittagong city.

See also
 Chittagonian (disambiguation)
Virginia's 63rd House of Delegates district elects one of 100 seats in the Virginia House of Delegates, the lower house of the state's bicameral legislature. District 63 represents the city of Petersburg as well as part of the city of Hopewell and parts of the counties of Chesterfield, Dinwiddie, and Prince George. The seat is currently held by Kim Taylor.

List of delegates

References

Virginia House of Delegates districts
Petersburg, Virginia
Hopewell, Virginia
Government in Chesterfield County, Virginia
Dinwiddie County, Virginia
Prince George County, Virginia
The Great Famine (Ireland) (1845–49) is sometimes referred to as the Irish Potato Famine or .

Irish famine may also refer to:

 Irish Famine (1740–41), known in Irish as , "Year of Slaughter"
Irish Famine (1861)
 Irish Famine (1879), sometimes called the "mini-famine" or 
 Irish food shortages (1925), a major food shortage in parts of western Ireland, sometimes considered a famine

Other
 The Irish Famine (book), 2001 book by Diarmaid Ferriter and Colm Tóibín
 Legacy of the Great Irish Famine
The 1983 Queensland state election was held on 22 October 1983.

Retiring Members

Labor
Jim Blake MLA (Bundaberg)
Brendan Hansen MLA (Maryborough)
Ray Jones MLA (Cairns)

National
Val Bird MLA (Burdekin)
Des Frawley MLA (Caboolture)
Selwyn Muller MLA (Fassifern)
Vic Sullivan MLA (Condamine)
Ken Tomkins MLA (Roma)

Liberal
Llewellyn Edwards MLA (Ipswich)

Candidates
Sitting members at the time of the election are shown in bold text.

See also
 1983 Queensland state election
 Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, 1980–1983
 Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, 1983–1986
 List of political parties in Australia

References
 

Candidates for Queensland state elections
Olearia stilwelliae is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae and is endemic to New South Wales, Australia. It is a shrub with scattered elliptic or egg-shaped leaves, and pale blue, white and yellow, daisy-like inflorescences.

Description
Olearia stilwelliae is a shrub that typically grows to a height of up to . Its leaves are elliptic or egg-shaped,  long and  wide on a petiole  long, the edges of the leaves sometimes toothed. The upper surface of the leaves is glabrous and the lower surface covered with felt-like hairs. The heads or daisy-like "flowers" are arranged singly in leaf axils on a peduncle up to  long, and are  in diameter. There are 8 to 12 usually white or pale blue ray florets, surrounding about 35 yellow disc florets, the ligule  long. Flowering occurs from June to October and the fruit is a silky-hairy achene, the pappus with 77 to 100 bristles.

Taxonomy
Olearia stilwelliae was first formally described in 1925 by William Blakely in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales from specimens collected at Nana Glen in 1998. The specific epithet (stilwelliae) honours "Miss Sylvia Stilwell who discovered the species with Mr. D. W. C. Shiress".

Distribution and habitat
This olearia is grows in forest from north of Grafton to Woolgoolga in north-eastern New South Wales.

References

stilwelliae
Asterales of Australia
Flora of New South Wales
Plants described in 1925
Taxa named by William Blakely
Roussopoulos () is a Greek surname and may refer to:

Athanasios Roussopoulos (1903–1983), Greek scientist
Carole Roussopoulos (1945–2009), Swiss film director and feminist
Dimitrios Roussopoulos (born 1936), political activist, ecologist, and writer
Theodoros Roussopoulos (born 1963), Greek politician

Greek-language surnames
Surnames
Terry John Care was a Democratic member of the Nevada Senate, representing Clark Country District 7 (map) from 1998 through 2010.

External links
Nevada State Legislature - Senator Terry John Care official government website
Project Vote Smart - Senator Terry John Care (NV) profile
Follow the Money - Terry John Care
2006 2004 2002 2000 1998 campaign contributions

1947 births
Living people
Journalists from Las Vegas
Democratic Party Nevada state senators
Sergio Arribas may refer to:
Sergio Arribas (footballer, born 1995), Spanish footballer for Villarubia CF
Sergio Arribas (footballer, born 2001), Spanish footballer for Real Madrid Castilla
A froe (or frow), shake axe or paling knife is a tool for cleaving wood by splitting it along the grain.  It is an L-shaped tool, used by hammering one edge of its blade into the end of a piece of wood in the direction of the grain, then twisting the blade in the wood by rotating the haft (handle).

A froe uses the haft as a lever to multiply the force upon the blade, allowing wood to be torn apart with remarkably little force applied to the haft.  By twisting one way or the other the direction of the split may be guided.

Overview
Froes are used in combination with mallets to split timber, to make planks, wooden shingles, or kindling; they are safer and more accurate to use than hatchets or splitting mauls because the blade is not swung.

The origin of the word froe is not clear, and some references find it spelled frow. One possibility of its roots can be found in the Old English word , which meant "away" (as in the phrase "to and fro"), which was the direction one hammered the froe to split the wood.

Froes are similar in general form to axes, in that a froe is an L-shaped assembly of a blade head (typically steel) set at a right angle to a handle called a haft (traditionally wood).  A froe can be thought of as an axe which is sharpened along the top of a long, narrow, rectangular head, instead of (as the axe is) at the end of a broad curved head.  Some froes are made of a single piece of metal with no perpendicular haft.  Instead, the handle is the unbeveled end of the blade which extends directly from the blade.  These froes must be hammered through the entire piece of wood, as their lack of vertical haft makes it extremely difficult to lever the wood apart. 
A given froe can split a piece of wood no wider in its narrowest dimension than the length of the froe's blade; that is, when you place the froe, it must cross the surface of the wood completely.

A froe is also unlike an axe or maul in that the froe can be placed exactly where the user would like the split to begin.  With the exception of users with expert aim, axes and mauls cannot. This technique can be used with enough precision that regularity of measurements can be kept when cutting shingles, ground stakes, or even small rails or planks. Another use is to rive pieces of wood to be used for steam bending, as this wood follows the grain and is less prone to breakage.

Hitting the narrow blade of a froe repeatedly soon damages a mallet, and so the traditional implement used to hit it is a froe club. This is simply a short length of a thin log, still with the bark on it, with one end reduced with a drawknife to convenient diameter for a handle. It is rotated slightly in the hand with each blow so as to even the wear and, although the club soon wears out, a new one can easily be made.

References

External links

 Van Natta Forestry and Logging website

Wood cleaving
Green woodworking tools
Woodworking hand tools
Axes
Knives

fr:Départoir
The Holkerian is a sub-stage of the Viséan stage of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) geological timescale. It is one of five sub-stages commonly used in the Viséan stage within stratigraphy by British, Irish and other geologists outside the US and Asia.

As part of the Viséan, Holkerian rocks were formed about 339 to 335 million years ago, in the Early Carboniferous subperiod. Rock formations laid down in this time were frequently different types of fossiliferous limestone. The material for all these rocks was laid down in warm, sub-tropical marine conditions of the time when north-western Europe was close to the equator.

Definition
In 1976, the Viséan and Tournaisian were divided into six stages (now substages) by George et al. (the substages underwent some redefinition by Waters et al. in 2011). The Holkerian base was defined at the boundary between the Dalton Beds and the Park Limestone Formation at Barker Scar, Cumbria. The boundary was supposed to be below the appearance of certain sea organisms, including Pojarkovella nibelis; this organism is found elsewhere below this lithological boundary definition. The upper limit of the Holkerian (at the Asbian) was defined at Little Asby Scar, Cumbria. This boundary was supposed to be below the appearance of three organisms, Dibunophyllum bourtonense, Siphonodendron pauciradiale and S. junceum. Similar organisms are found elsewhere in Holkerian rocks.

Holkerian sub-stage rocks
The Park Limestone Formation of south Cumbria, in the north west of England, is an example of rock from the Holkerian. The name of the sub-stage actually comes from Holker in Cumbria where part of Holker Hall estates lie on the limestone.

East of Cumbria lie the Yorkshire Dales which contain large areas of Holkerian limestone, sometimes forming dramatic landscapes such as Scaleber Force and Gordale Scar, some of which are quarried commercially.

Further south, another area associated with the sub-stage is south Wales, where Holkerian limestone of the Hunts Bay Oolite Subgroup forms bedrock ranging from the western Gower peninsula to the Wye valley and quarried at locations such as Creigiau, north-west of Cardiff.

The Tubber Formation of the extensive and substantial Burren limestone region of Co.Clare, Ireland, consists of rocks that were deposited in a time beginning in the Arundian and finishing in the Holkerian substages.

Gallery

References

Viséan
Geology of Great Britain
Geology of Ireland
Cascade is one of the many cultivars of hops. Cascade hops are one of the most widely used hops by craft breweries in the United States.
Cascade was the most widely planted hop by growers in the US for many years, before being surpassed by Citra hops in 2018.

History
Cascade is a cultivar of hops developed in the USDA breeding program at Oregon State University by Dr. Stanley Nelson Brooks and Jack Horner.  Developed during the 1960s, it was released as an American aroma variety in 1971. It originated from an open seed collection in 1956, including English Fuggle, Russian Serebrianka, and an unspecified male hop variety. In addition to appealing flavor qualities, researchers were looking for resistance to downy mildew, a threat to hop yards. Cascade was named after the Cascade mountain range that runs through the states of Washington, Oregon, California and the Canadian province of British Columbia. The hop variety was first used commercially in 1975 by the Anchor Brewing Company, which established it as a signature hop for American pale ale. The plant is now grown in various places around the United States; British Columbia and Alberta, Canada; Argentina; and in Tasmania; Victoria and New South Wales, Australia.

Characteristics
A visual characteristic of the plant is its dark green elongated cones which contain moderate to somewhat high amounts of alpha acids compared to many other hop types. The resultant aroma is of medium strength and very distinct. It has a pleasant, flowery and spicy, citrus-like quality with a slight grapefruit characteristic. The hop is good for both flavor and aroma uses. It can also be used for bittering effectively, and can be used to make any ales, and indeed is characteristic of American pale ales, such as the classic Sierra Nevada. It is also used in some lagers, for example Sam Adams '76.

Australian/Tasmanian variety
A variety of Cascade has been propagated in Tasmania, Australia. It has similar resultant characteristics to the US variety. The Tasmanian variety contains less myrcene oil and more humulene oil as well as other smaller differences.

New Zealand variety
A variety of Cascade is also bred in New Zealand. Similarities exist between the US and New Zealand varieties with the NZ version described as citrus moving more toward grapefruit characteristics. Agronomic and terroir impact has been described as positive for the New Zealand type.  As of August 2016 Cascade grown in New Zealand is now referred to as Taiheke.

Acid and oil breakdown

References

Hop varieties
Oregon State University
Agriculture in Oregon
(), also known as  (), is a long Egyptian folkloric epic poem that narrates the life and heroic achievements of the Mamluk Sultan al-Zahir Baibars al-Bunduqdari.

Literary features
The poem features romantic images of gallant cavaliers, soldiers and explorers. For example, in telling the tale of the Syrian Ismailis of the Mamluk period  the Banu Isma’il, descendants of ‘Ali, are depicted as the archetype of honor and justice. Female members of the community such as Shamsa also feature in the Mamluk tale. Here, the Banu Isma’il is charged with special tasks such as saving Baybars from captivity by Genoese pirates.

See also
 Baibars al-Bunduqdari

References

Further reading
 Sirat al-Zahir Baibars, Printed by Mustafa al-Saba, Cairo 1923.
 Idem Republished in 5 volumes by Alhay'ah Almisriyah, Editor Gamal El-Ghitani, Cairo 1996. 
 Alzahir Baibars, Dar Almaref, Cairo 1986.
 Gamal El-Ghitani, Sirat Alzahir Baibars 1996.
 Al-Maqrizi, Al Selouk Leme'refatt Dewall al-Melouk, Dar al-kotob, 1997.
 Idem in English: Bohn, Henry G., The Road to Knowledge of the Return of Kings, Chronicles of the Crusades, AMS Press, 1969.
 Sadawi. H, Al-Mamalik, Maruf Ikhwan, Alexandria.
 The New Encyclopædia Britannica, Macropædia, H.H. Berton Publisher,1973-1974.
 Culture Encyclopedia, Kitab alshab, Cairo 1972.

Medieval Arabic literature
History of literature in Egypt
Epic poems in Arabic
Egyptian folklore
Tene is a small town and commune in the Cercle of San in the Ségou Region of Mali. As of 2015 the commune had a population of 25337.

References

Tene is a beaufifull small town of 6000 people(2015) between San and Mopti.Tene is a major commercial center in Segou region due to it strategic location. Market day takes place on Saturdays.  Some common family names include Daou,Kone, Diarra, Thera.  The first Peace Corps volunteer, Dan Bellrichard,  Modibo Daou, came to Mali in November 2001.  
The town has a very dynamic Community Health center and a school that is overcrowded. Mousa Daou ,elected in 2009 is the mayor of the commune. The major concern of the population of Tene is the lack of electricity.

Communes of Ségou Region