Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Peter I. B. Lavan was an American philanthropist, lawyer, and name partner of law firm Stroock & Stroock & Lavan.

Early life and education 
Lavan was born in Brooklyn on August 5, 1895. He graduated from Columbia College in 1915 and Columbia Law School in 1918.

Career 
He joined Stroock & Stroock as a partner upon graduation in 1918 and became senior partner in 1943. Since then, the firm is known as Stroock & Stroock & Lavan. In 1956 he appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower to chair the United States Committee for the United Nations.

As a philanthropist, he supported the Berkshire Theater Festival and the Academy of American Poets. The annual Peter I. B. Lavan Younger Poets Award was set up by the Academy in 1983, some well-known poets were awarded, including Rita Dove, William Logan, Jorie Graham and Christopher Merrill.

Personal life 
Lavan died of heart failure on July 29, 1988, at his home in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. He was 93 years old.

References 

1895 births
1988 deaths
20th-century American lawyers
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Lawyers from Brooklyn
20th-century American philanthropists
Columbia Law School alumni
Pedro Seguin () was the fifth bishop of the restored diocese of Ourense from 1157 until his death in 1169. He possibly hailed from Poitou or perhaps the Poitevin colony in El Bierzo.

Pedro is probably the magister (teacher) associated with the cathedral of Santiago de Compostela from about the same time. He was on good terms with the kings during his episcopate: Alfonso VII "rejoiced" to learn of his election and Ferdinand II may have employed him as a confessor.

Notes

1169 deaths
Bishops of Ourense
Year of birth unknown
"Heredity" is a science fiction short story by the American writer Isaac Asimov. Asimov wrote the story, his twenty-third, in August 1940 under the title "Twins".  It was rejected by John W. Campbell, editor of Astounding Science Fiction, on 29 August, and accepted by Frederik Pohl on 4 September. It appeared in the April 1941 issue of Astonishing Stories under the title "Heredity" and was reprinted in the 1972 collection The Early Asimov.  Heredity was the second Asimov story to receive a cover illustration.

Plot summary
A pair of identical twins, Allen and George Carter, have been separated at birth as part of a twin study to settle the nature versus nurture question.  Allen is raised on a highly developed Earth, while George has been raised in the provincial frontier society of Ganymede. On their twenty-fifth birthday, they are introduced to each other and given the task of running the family farm on Mars, where they have to work together in both day-to-day matters and unusual events. They find that they are forced to co-operate and also utilise 'primitive' technology in order to survive a major dust storm. After their initial mutual dislike, they develop a deep friendship.

Notes
After the story appeared, Scott Meredith, then a young science fiction fan named Scott Feldman, wrote to Asimov to point out a flaw in the story: Two characters were introduced in the opening scene, then never heard from again. This led Asimov to pay closer attention to the more mechanical aspects of writing.

References

External links
 

Short stories by Isaac Asimov
1941 short stories
Short stories set on Mars
Works originally published in Astonishing Stories
Safia Firozi () is an Afghan pilot. She is the second female pilot in the Afghan Army.
In August 2021 she was said to have been killed by the Taliban, but the news and images were fake.
She wants to continue her career as a pilot.

References

Afghan aviators
Afghan female military personnel
Women aviators
Women military aviators
Year of birth missing (living people)
Claude Goasguen (12 March 1945 – 28 May 2020) was a French politician who served as a member of the National Assembly for Paris from 1993 to 1995 and again from 1997 until his death in 2020. A member of The Republicans, he also briefly was Minister of Reform of the State, Decentralisation and Citizenship in 1995 under Prime Minister Alain Juppé.

Biography

Early years
Claude Goasguen was born in Toulon, Var. He received a Doctorate in Law from Panthéon-Assas University. From 1976 to 1986, he taught at Paris 13 University, and he served as the Dean of the Law School from 1982 to 1984. From 1986 to 1988, he served as advisor to the Minister of National Education, René Monory, with regards to the links between universities and the private sector, and professional training. From December 1987 to January 1991, he served as university rector.

Cabinet member
From May to November 1995, he was Minister of State Reforms, Decentralisation and Citizenship. From April 1996 to May 1998, he was the General Secretary of the now defunct UDF, and from June 1998 to April 2002, he was vice-president and spokesperson of the defunct Liberal Democracy. Since 2003, he has also worked as a lawyer in Paris.

He was well known for his controversial comments on the Palestinian people and on the Muslim community living in France.

Goasguen was a vigorous supporter of oppressed Christian minorities in the Near East and has spoken prominently at public meetings concerning them in Autumn 2015. He was a recipient of the Legion of Honour. He died on 28 May 2020 in Issy-les-Moulineaux at the age of 75 from a heart attack after having contracted COVID-19 earlier in March during the COVID-19 pandemic in France. He was replaced in the Assembly by Sandra Boëlle.

References

1945 births
2020 deaths
Politicians from Toulon
French people of Breton descent
20th-century French lawyers
Politicians from Paris
Mayors of arrondissements of Paris
Union for French Democracy politicians
Centre of Social Democrats politicians
Liberal Democracy (France) politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
The Republicans (France) politicians
Deputies of the 10th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 15th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Government ministers of France
Lycée Henri-IV alumni
Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas University alumni
Academic staff of Sorbonne Paris North University
Knights of the Legion of Honour
Councillors of Paris
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in France
Burials at Passy Cemetery
Members of Parliament for Paris
In enzymology, a formate—tetrahydrofolate ligase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

ATP + formate + tetrahydrofolate  ADP + phosphate + 10-formyltetrahydrofolate

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, formate, and tetrahydrofolate, whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and 10-formyltetrahydrofolate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases, specifically those forming generic carbon-nitrogen bonds.  This enzyme participates in glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism and one carbon pool by folate.

In eukaryotes the FTHFS activity is expressed by a multifunctional enzyme, C-1-tetrahydrofolate synthase (C1-THF synthase), which also catalyses the dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities. Two forms of C1-THF syntheses are known, one is located in the mitochondrial matrix, while the second one is cytoplasmic. In both forms the FTHFS domain consists of about 600 amino acid residues and is located in the C-terminal section of C1-THF synthase. In prokaryotes FTHFS activity is expressed by a monofunctional homotetrameric enzyme of about 560 amino acid residues.

Nomenclature 
The systematic name of this enzyme class is formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming). Other names in common use include:
 formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, 
 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, 
 tetrahydrofolic formylase, and 
 tetrahydrofolate formylase.

Examples 

Human genes encoding formate-tetrahydrofolate ligases include:
 MTHFD1 – cytoplasmic
 MTHFD1L – mitochondrial

Structural studies

As of late 2007, 3 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes , , and .

The crystal structure of N(10)-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase from Moorella thermoacetica shows that the subunit is composed of three domains organised around three mixed beta-sheets. There are two cavities between adjacent domains. One of them was identified as the nucleotide binding site by homology modelling. The large domain contains a seven-stranded beta-sheet surrounded by helices on both sides. The second domain contains a five-stranded beta-sheet with two alpha-helices packed on one side while the other two are a wall of the active site cavity. The third domain contains a four-stranded beta-sheet forming a half-barrel. The concave side is covered by two helices while the convex side is another wall of the large cavity. Arg 97 is likely involved in formyl phosphate binding. The tetrameric molecule is relatively flat with the shape of the letter X, and the active sites are located at the end of the subunits far from the subunit interface.

Related enzymes

The reverse reaction converting 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate is performed by formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase.

References

Further reading
 
 
 
 

Protein families
EC 6.3.4
Enzymes of known structure
Overbite is the extent of vertical (superior-inferior) overlap of the maxillary central incisors over the mandibular central incisors, measured relative to the incisal ridges.

The term overbite does not refer to a specific condition, nor is it a form of malocclusion.  Rather an absent or excess overbite would be a malocclusion.  Normal overbite is not measured in exact terms, but as a proportion (approximately 30–50% of the height of the mandibular incisors) and is commonly expressed as a percentage.

Other terms confused with "overbite"

Overbite is often confused with overjet, which is the distance between the maxillary anterior teeth and the mandibular anterior teeth in the anterior-posterior axis.

"Overbite" may also be used commonly to refer to Class II malocclusion or retrognathia, though this usage can be considered incorrect.  This is where the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar is situated anterior to the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar; in other words, the mandible (lower jaw) appears too far behind the maxilla.  A person presenting with Class II malocclusion may exhibit excessive overbite as well, or may have the opposite problem, which is referred to as openbite (or apertognathia).  In the case of apertognathia, and the teeth do not overlap enough or at all—the upper teeth protrude past the lower teeth. 
An open bite is a condition where the upper and lower teeth do not meet or bite in the correct position. Unlike an overbite or underbite, there is no overlapping of teeth, giving an impression of the teeth appearing “open”. A mild case of open bite can be treated with Invisalign, a popular orthodontic treatment using clear aligners. Orthodontists often recommend Invisalign to correct mild forms of open bites. However, severe open bite cases may require alternative treatments, such as surgery or other orthodontic methods.

Changing human dentition
American anthropologist C. Loring Brace has brought forth a theory that the human overbite of Europeans is only about 250 years old and was the result of the widespread adoption of the table knife and fork. Before the use of cutlery, Europeans would often clamp their teeth on a piece of meat and cut off a piece with a knife. When Europeans started using forks and knives, the cutting was done on the plate and the overbite became much more common. Brace also researched the Chinese, who had adopted chopsticks 900 years earlier and found the instances of overbites increased about the same time the new eating method was introduced.  Others further speculate labiodental consonant sounds in human speech were predicated on the development of the overbite.

References

External links 

Jaw disorders
Ge with stroke and descender (, ) is an additional letter of the Cyrillic script which was used for the transcription of the Nivkh language family. It is composed of the letter ge with a horizontal bar (or a ghayn) where the base has a descender.

Usage 
Ge with stroke and descender is sometimes used in the writing of the Nivkh languages, as a variant of ge with stroke and hook .

Computing codes 
This letter has not yet been encoded in Unicode. In theory, it is possible to use the letter ge with stroke and hook  with fonts or adapted applications in which these have the form of this letter. Or you can just use ge with cedilla.

Notes and references

Bibliography

See also 

 Г (ge)
 Ғ (ghayn)
 Nivkh languages
 Cyrillic script
Cyrillic letters with diacritics
Ene Riisna (born 27 July 1938) is an Estonian-born American television producer, known for her work on the American news show 20/20.

Early life and education
Ene Riisna was born in Tallinn, Estonia to politician Eduard Riisna and his wife Olga. Her family fled to Sweden in September 1944 when the Soviets occupied Estonia.

Riisna earned an Honors degree in English Language and Literature from the University of Toronto, University College. She briefly worked, successfully, as a fashion model in Toronto and London, England, then returned to Toronto and  became a producer-director for Canadian Broadcasting Corporation in Toronto, then a freelancer for the BBC in London.

Broadcasting
In 1970, Riisna's first job in network television in America was the executive producer of a new morning program, "Woman", for the CBS station in New York. The appointment made her one of the first women to create and produce a television news program.  Later she produced documentaries for NBC and PBS and wrote magazine articles including for MS magazine.

Riisna became a producer of the well-known news show 20/20 at ABC News. Over the course of the next two decades she produced a series of Emmy Award winning stories, many Barbara Walter’s high profile interviews  (Margaret Thatcher, Boris Yeltsen, Nancy Reagan, Barbra Streisand  and others.)  For her work she was awarded over a dozen major awards including two Emmys, a Television Academy General Achievement Award, and Columbia School of Journalism's  prestigious Dupont Award. Her subjects included an investigation of the effects of the use Agent Orange in Vietnam and the story of the Zumwalt family.

Riisna also produced and directed documentary films for ABC News with anchor Peter Jennings as host.
 
After retiring from 20/20, Riisna worked with her husband James L. Greenfield who headed the Independent Journalism Foundation, which he created in 1990 for the study of journalism, with centers throughout Eastern Europe, Vietnam and Cambodia.  Currently, she serves on the boards of the Turquoise Mountain Foundation and the George and Nora London Foundation for Singers.

References

External links
Independent Journalism Foundation

1938 births
Living people
American television producers
American women television producers
Mass media people from Tallinn
Estonian emigrants to Sweden
Estonian emigrants to the United States
Estonian World War II refugees
University of Toronto alumni
21st-century American women
The Hastings class, also known as the Folkestone class, was a class of sloop which were built for the Royal Navy and the Royal Indian Navy in the interwar period.  In total five ships were built, and went on to see service in the Second World War.

Design
The Hastings were a follow on of the previous  and utilised features developed from the lessons learnt from the convoy escorts of the First World War.  They were fitted out as fleet minesweepers, but were intended to be multifunctional vessels. Features included a high, sustained forecastle to improve operations in high seas, and they were fitted with turbine machinery to improve performance. This turned out to be a drawback as the turbine machinery could not be mass-produced and the design was superseded by the Second World War in favour of classes that could be quickly brought into service.

Service
Five ships were built in total, four for the Royal Navy and one for the Royal Indian Navy.  They were launched in 1930 and all saw service in the Second World War.  was disarmed before the outbreak and was rearmed with a  high angle anti-aircraft gun, a 12-pounder gun and 15 depth charges, this number later being increased to 80. One,  was lost during the war after being torpedoed by . The remaining Royal Navy ships were decommissioned after the war and had all been scrapped by 1949. The sole Indian ship,  was later involved in the Royal Indian Navy Mutiny, and was subsequently transferred to the Pakistan Navy in 1948 on its formation, and was renamed Karsaz. She was broken up in 1951.

References

External links

Hastings class at Uboat.net
Sloop classes, including Hastings 
Convoy Escort Movements for Hastings-class sloops

Sloops of the Royal Navy
 
Sloop classes
The Boys' 200 metres at the 2009 World Youth Championships in Athletics was held at the Brixen-Bressanone Sport Arena on 10, 11, and 12 July. The event was won by Kirani James of Grenada, who also won the 400 metres.

Medalists

Records 
Prior to the competition, the following records were as follows.

No new records were set during the competition.

Heats 
Qualification rule: first 2 of each heat (Q) plus the 4 fastest times (q) qualified.

Semifinals 
Qualification rule: first 2 of each heat (Q) plus the 2 fastest times (q) qualified.

Heat 1 

Key:  PB = Personal best, SB = Seasonal best

Wind: 0.6 m/s

Heat 2 

Key:  PB = Personal best, SB = Seasonal best

Wind: 0.9 m/s

Heat 3 

Key:  PB = Personal best, SB = Seasonal best

Wind: 1.4 m/s

Final 

Key:  PB = Personal best, SB = Seasonal best

Wind: −0.9 m/s

References 

World Youth Championships 2009

2009 World Youth Championships in Athletics
Boscana is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gerónimo Boscana, early nineteenth-century Franciscan missionary in Spanish and Mexican California
Lucy Boscana (1915–2001), actress and a pioneer in Puerto Rico's television industry

See also
Boşcana, commune in Criuleni district, Moldova
KCRX may refer to:

 KCRX-FM, a radio station (102.3 FM) licensed to Seaside, Oregon, United States
 KCRX, ICAO airport code for Roscoe Turner Airport, Corinth Mississippi United States
 KCRX (AM), a defunct radio station (1430 AM) licensed to Roswell, New Mexico, United States
Jelenic may refer to:
 Jelenić, a Serbo-Croatian surname
 Jelenič, a Slovene surname
Virus: The Game is a strategy/action video game developed by Israeli studio Kidum Multimedia and published by Sir-Tech. The game levels take place in the user's hard drive, with files and directories being represented by 3D rooms through which the player navigates. It was developed on the HAYWIRE game engine.

Summary
The objective is to battle against 'viruses' that invade the user's directory structure and files. The game and its advertisement included warnings reminding the player that "it's just a game," and that the game is not actually causing harm to the computer's files. The user's graphic files are used as the wall texture and sound files are used as the background music.

Marketing
A quasi-viral advertisement campaign for the game was started. The advertisement, named Russ, was viewed in the form of a downloaded .exe file. When the file was run, a full screen representation of the desktop appeared. The software then began simulating deletion of the Windows folder. When this process was complete, a message was slowly typed on screen saying "Thank god this is only a game..." A screen with the purchase information appeared on screen and then returned to the desktop. No damage is done to the computer during the advertisement. This advertisement was not well received, most likely due to the scareware tactic involved. Thus, most anti-virus programs detected and deleted it.

Reception

The critical reception was generally negative to overwhelming dislike. GameSpot claimed that "Virus has all the appearances of a game that underwent numerous design changes but never really came together." Next Generation called it "an interesting concept, and one that makes it somewhat ironic the game has the problems it does."

GameSpot named the game as the runner-up for the 1997 "Worst Game of the Year" award, which ultimately went to Conquest Earth.

References

External links

1997 video games
Action games
Shoot 'em ups
Strategy video games
Video games developed in Israel
Windows games
Windows-only games
USS Pinon (AN-66/YN-87) was a  which was assigned to protect U.S. Navy ships and harbors during World War II with her anti-submarine nets.

Constructed in Wilmington, Delaware 
Pinon (AN-66), a net tender, was laid down 9 March 1943 by American Car and Foundry Company, Wilmington, Delaware, as YN–87; launched 16 January 1944; designated Pinon (AN-66) 20 January 1944; and commissioned 31 March 1944.

World War II service
After Atlantic coast shakedown and training, Pinon stood out of New York Harbor 24 June 1944 and steamed for Belfast, Northern Ireland, arriving 10 July. Pinon provided net-tending service in both Belfast and Plymouth, England, through the fall.

Departing Plymouth 6 November, she put in at Norfolk, Virginia 21 November through 10 December. She then underwent availability at Curtis Bay, Baltimore, Maryland, 11 December through 25 January 1945.
 
Pinon called at Hampton Roads, Virginia, 31 January and then cruised via Guantanamo Bay and the Panama Canal, reporting for duty to Commander, Pacific 13 February. After availability at San Diego, California, 19 March, she called at Pearl Harbor and thence tended nets at Eniwetok commencing 22 April, at Guam (27 April through 20 June), at Tinian/Saipan through the first week of July, and at Okinawa until 15 October.

Post-war inactivation

Calling at Pearl Harbor 12 December, she pushed on to San Diego, California, arriving two days before Christmas. Pinon decommissioned at San Diego 5 March 1946, and was struck from the Navy List 20 March 1946. Sold and placed in merchant service as Alaska Reefer, she was lost at sea 28 August 1961.

References 

  
 NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive - YN-87 / AN-66 Pinon

 

1944 ships
Ailanthus-class net laying ships of the United States Navy
American Car and Foundry Company
Ships built in Wilmington, Delaware
Shipwrecks
World War II net laying ships of the United States