Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
A legislative council is the legislature, or one of the legislative chambers, of a nation, colony, or subnational division such as a province or state. It was commonly used to label unicameral or upper house legislative bodies in the British (former) colonies. However, it has also been used as designation in other (non-Commonwealth) nations. A member of a legislative council is commonly referred to as an MLC.

In the United States, a legislative council has a different connotation, and means a council within a legislature which supervises nonpartisan support staff.

History
In the British Empire, the authority under which legislative councils have been constituted has varied: some under the royal prerogative, others by acts of parliament, and some by commission and royal instructions. Particularly, unicameral or the upper house in a bicameral legislature (where traditionally many members were appointed by Governors, rather than elected) were given the designation "legislative council".

List of legislative councils

In India, the Vidhan Parishad is another name for the Legislative Council in those states with bicameral legislatures.

United States
In American English, the term "legislative council" has acquired a slightly different meaning since the 1930s. It refers to a joint committee with members from both houses of the state legislature, which supervises a staff of attorneys, accountants, and researchers charged with providing strictly nonpartisan support services to the legislature or to particular committees. The concept of the legislative council was first developed in Kansas and was implemented by the Kansas Legislature in 1933. Eventually, a majority of U.S. states adopted legislative councils, but under a variety of names. Kansas still uses a legislative council, although it was converted into the Kansas Legislative Coordinating Council in 1971. Legislative councils operating under that name exist in the states of Arkansas, Arizona, Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, Texas, and Wisconsin. Several states use the term "commission" for the same thing, including New Jersey and Nevada.

A few states, like California, have a "legislative counsel", not "council", who is appointed by a vote of the entire legislature and is thus responsible to the body as a whole rather than a "council" within it.

See also

House of Assembly
Legislative assembly
Legislative Yuan
 Legislative Council of Macao

References

Governance of the British Empire
Legislatures
The 2nd FotoFilm Tijuana Festival took place from 27 to 31 July 2018, in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. The official selection included 14 feature films, including the Ariel Award winner for Best Picture Sueño en Otro Idioma; 12 short films produced by the Mexican Institute of Cinematography (IMCINE) and two produced by the Centro de Capacitación Cinematográfica (CCC); and for the competition section, six short films were the candidates for the "Best of Show" award, sent to the festival through an open call for filmmakers posted on the FilmFreeway website; Emma or the Incoveniences of a Suicide by Mexican director Marlon Morales won the award.

Official selection

Feature films

Source:

Short films

Desde Mexico
Also included as a part of the official selection of the festival was a section entitled "Desde Mexico", which included 10 short films produced by the Mexican Institute of Cinematography (IMCINE) and two produced by the Centro de Capacitación Cinematográfica (CCC).  Both, Oasis, directed by Alejandro Zuno, and Cerulia, directed by Sofía Carrillo, won the Ariel Award in 2018.

Jukebox Visual
The competition for the "Best of Show" award, was divided into animated, documentary, fiction and music video fields, and as an incentive for filmmakers from the Mexican states of Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Durango, Sinaloa, and Sonora a section entitled "Desde el Norte" ("From the North") was created. Six finalists were selected from all entries through the website Film Freeway. The Best of Show included a prize, equivalent to USD1,000, and was awarded to Emma or the Incoveniences of a Suicide by Mexican director Marlon Morales.

References

2018 film festivals
Culture in Tijuana
July 2018 events in Mexico
Events in Baja California
Pontllanfraith Low Level railway station served the village of Pontllanfraith, historically in Monmouthshire, Wales, from 1857 to 1964 on the Newport, Abergavenny and Hereford Railway.

History 
The station was opened as Tredegar Junction on 25 May 1857 by the Newport, Abergavenny and Hereford Railway. An excursion ran on 1 June 1857, which carried 15000 people and travelled to South Wales. Its name was changed to Pontllanfraith on 1 May 1905 and changed again to Pontllanfraith Low Level on 19 July 1950. It closed on 15 June 1964.

References 

Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1857
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1964
1857 establishments in Wales
1964 disestablishments in Wales
Alpnachstad railway station is a Swiss railway station in the municipality of Alpnach in the canton of Obwalden. It is on the Brünig line, owned by the Zentralbahn, that links Lucerne and Interlaken. Alpnachstad PB railway station, the lower terminus of the Pilatus Railway, a rack railway that ascends to the summit of Pilatus, is located across the street.

Alpnachstad station is one of two Zentralbahn stations to serve Alpnach, the other being Alpnach Dorf, which is on the Brünig line some  to the south, and nearer the centre of Alpnach.

Services 
The following services stop at Alpnachstad:

 Lucerne S-Bahn : half-hourly service between  and .

A nearby quay on Lake Lucerne is served by shipping services of the Schifffahrtsgesellschaft des Vierwaldstättersees (SGV), providing an alternative connection to Lucerne and other lakeside communities.

References

External links 
 
 

Railway stations in the canton of Obwalden
Alpnach
Zentralbahn stations
The Anglo-Belgian Treaty of Commerce and Navigation was a free trade agreement between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Kingdom of Belgium, signed on 23 July 1862.

It was the first such treaty that rather than being time-limited and requiring renewal, contained an open-ended stipulation for withdrawal (technically known as "denunciation") that became a regular feature of later treaties of commerce (article 25): 

Prime Minister Salisbury gave notification of the United Kingdom's intention to withdraw from the treaty on 28 July 1897, because a clause providing that Belgian goods be admitted to British colonies on the same footing as British goods was contrary to the new policy of Imperial Preference. This British "denunciation" was published in the Moniteur Belge of 1 August 1897.

See also
Cobden–Chevalier Treaty
Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom

References

Treaties of the United Kingdom (1801–1922)
History of international trade
1862 in Belgium
1862 in the United Kingdom
1862 treaties
Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom
July 1862 events
Treaties of Belgium
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
Cork County Council () is the local authority of County Cork, Ireland. As a county council, it is governed by the Local Government Act 2001, as amended. The council is responsible for housing and community, roads and transportation, urban planning and development, amenity and culture, and environment. The council has 55 elected members. Elections are held every five years and are by single transferable vote. The head of the council has the title of Mayor. The county administration is headed by a Chief Executive, Tim Lucey. The county seat is Cork.

History
Cork County Council was established on 1 April 1899 under the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 for the administrative county of County Cork. Originally meetings of Cork County Council were held in the back portion of the top floor of Cork Courthouse. By the 1950s these premises were becoming inadequate and County Hall opened in April 1968.

Boundary change
The area of Cork County Council was reduced on 31 May 2019, ceding territory to Cork City Council. This implemented changes under the Local Government Act 2019.

The 2015 Cork Local Government Review recommended merging Cork City Council and Cork County Council into a single "super council"; however, a minority report opposed the merger, with a subsequent report published by an expert advisory group in 2017 recommending a city boundary extension.

Regional Assembly
Cork County Council has five representatives on the Southern Regional Assembly who are part of the South-West Strategic Planning Area Committee.

Local Electoral Areas and Municipal Districts
Cork County Council is divided into the following municipal districts and local electoral areas, defined by electoral divisions.

Councillors
The following were elected at the 2019 Cork County Council election.

2019 seats summary

Councillors by electoral area
This list reflects the order in which councillors were elected on 24 May 2019.

Notes

Co-options

Changes in affiliation

References

External links

Map of LEAs

 cork
Politics of County Cork
County councils in the Republic of Ireland
Farmer and Dark was an architectural practice known for public sector works in post-war Britain. They designed several power stations for the Central Electricity Generating Board during this period.

The practice was established in the 1930s by Frank Quentery Farmer and Bernard Frankland Dark.

Selected works
 Willington Power Station
 Marchwood Power Station
 Belvedere Power Station
 Queen Elizabeth II Law Courts, Liverpool
 Bowater factory, Gillingham
 Loevy offices, Bournemouth
 Fanum House, Basingstoke

References

Architecture firms of England
Farah Hussein (born 7 October 2001) is an Egyptian artistic gymnast.

Hussein competed at the 2019 African Games where she won gold medals in the individual all-around, uneven bars, beam and team all-around events. She also won a bronze medal at the 2019 Artistic Gymnastics Koper World Challenge Cup series in the balance beam event.

References

2001 births
Living people
Egyptian female artistic gymnasts
African Games medalists in gymnastics
African Games gold medalists for Egypt
21st-century Egyptian women
Competitors at the 2019 African Games
Gymnasts at the 2018 Mediterranean Games
The following is a list of awards and nominations received by American comedian Stephen Colbert.

Colbert is an American comedian writer, producer, political commentator, actor, and television host. He worked as a correspondent on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart (1997–2005) before receiving his own show, The Colbert Report (2005–2015), both on Comedy Central. He has since gone on to replace David Letterman and now hosting The Late Show with Stephen Colbert (2015–present) on CBS.

He has received two Daytime Emmy Award nominations and 44 Primetime Emmy Award nominations, winning 10 awards for his work on The Daily Show and The Colbert Report and one for a 2020 election special that aired on Showtime. He has also received three Grammy Award nominations, winning twice for Best Comedy Album for A Colbert Christmas: The Greatest Gift of All! in 2010 and for Best Spoken Word Album for America Again in 2014.

He has also received five Peabody Awards for his work on The Daily Show in 2000 and 2004, The Colbert Report in 2007, and 2011, and Late Show with Stephen Colbert for 2020. He has received twelve Producers Guild of America Award nominations, winning six times for The Daily Show, and twelve Writers Guild of America Awards, winning four awards for The Colbert Report.

Major associations

Emmy Awards

Grammy Awards

Peabody Awards

Guild awards

Producers Guild Awards

Writers Guild Awards

Critics awards 
TCA Awards

Other awards

References

External links
 

Awards
Lists of awards received by American actor
Lists of awards received by writer
Yoki may refer to:
Jojo Yoki, a Czech paraglider design
Yoki Koto Kiku, a Japanese shōnen manga series by Koge-Donbo
Joyous Life (yōki yusan or yōki gurashi), a Tenrikyo belief and doctrine
Yoki, a Fullmetal Alchemist character
Yoki, the Canadian name for Chinese jump rope
Qi, a vital force forming part of any living entity in traditional Chinese culture
Reggae Lane is a roadway in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that runs east from Oakwood Avenue, behind a strip of buildings on the south side of Eglinton Avenue in the Little Jamaica ethnic enclave. For most of its history it had no official name, but the imminent arrival of Oakwood LRT station helped trigger its 2015 official naming.

The neighbourhood near Reggae Lane was recognized as a centre for reggae recording as early as the late 1960s.

Toronto Transit Commission chair Josh Colle, the councillor for that part of the city, played a prominent role in the lane's renaming, and in the allocation of funds for clean-up and redevelopment. He asserted that the neighbourhood around the Laneway is the largest centre for the recording of reggae music, outside of Jamaica.

On September 19, 2015, Colle introduced a  mural of Bob Marley, Haile Selassie, and the Lion of Judah, by Adrian Hayles. The Jamaica Gleaner described it as an instance of a foreign country showing respect for the genre of reggae music.  Jay Douglas, and other reggae artists, performed a concert to celebrate the completion of the mural.  Douglas had composed a new song, named Reggae Lane, which he performed at the concert.

On July 21, 2015, the City of Toronto government announced that Reggae Lane would be one of the first four local songs that would be played for callers to 311, while they waited for help. The song describes the history and ambience of the neighbourhood, in reggae style.

With encouragement from The Laneway Project, the City of Toronto intends to name all its unnamed laneways. Reggae Lane has been cited as a successful example of the value of this renaming program.

References 

Streets in Toronto
Nkele Molapo is a South African politician who represented the Democratic Alliance  in the Gauteng Provincial Legislature from May 2019 until her expulsion from the party in October 2020.

Political career
Molapo served as a DA councillor in the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality and as a Section 79 Oversight Committee Chairperson for Human Settlements before her election to the Gauteng Provincial Legislature in the May 2019 general election.  In June 2019, she became a member of the education committee and an alternate member of both the petitions and social development committees. Molapo was expelled from the DA in October 2020 after she had allegedly shared information with the Economic Freedom Fighters while a DA councillor in Tshwane.

In March 2021, she joined Herman Mashaba's newly formed ActionSA as its provincial media manager and Gauteng party chairperson John Moodey's provincial spokesperson.

As a member of ActionSA, she served a councillor in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality following her election into office in November 2021. She was also a Section 79 Oversight Committee Chairperson for Community Safety.

Molapo was expelled from ActionSA in March 2023 after an internal party investigation found that she had been sharing confidential party information with her husband Abel Tau, who was expelled from ActionSA in November 2022, to help him disparage the party. She was also accused of liking a Facebook post that criticised party leader Herman Mashaba and bullying fellow ActionSA caucus members in Tshwane.

Personal life
In early-October 2020, Molapo accused former Tshwane mayor and DA caucus leader in the legislature, Solly Msimanga, of sexual harassment. She alleged that the incident happened in 2014. Msimanga denied the allegation.

In December 2021, Molapo was a victim of identity theft.

Molapo married Abel Tau in a traditional ceremony in November 2022.

References

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Politicians from Pretoria
Members of the Gauteng Provincial Legislature
Democratic Alliance (South Africa) politicians
Air Force Day ( or Youm-e-Fizaya) is celebrated in Pakistan as a national day on 7 September, after the annual celebration of the Defence Day. Airshows and other programs mark the Pakistan Air Force's (PAF) role in defending the nation in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.

Indo-Pakistani war of 1965

On 6 September, both countries openly went to war following a series of minor skirmishes that preceded the 6th, when Pakistan was attacked by India from the Lahore-Burki sector during the dead of night (at 5 am). The war began following Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar, which was designed to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir to precipitate an insurgency against rule by India. The five-week war caused thousands of casualties on both sides. It ended in a United Nations (UN) mandated ceasefire and the subsequent issuance of the Tashkent Declaration.

Notable decorations
A notable event of the war was that Pakistan Air Force flying ace Muhammad Mahmood Alam shot down five Indian Air Force Hawker Hunter Mk.56 fighters in less than a minute, four being in first 30 seconds and became one of the few aviators who became ace in a day and the only jet age ace-in-a-day. He was awarded the Sitara-e-Jurat ("The star of courage") and bar for his actions.

Outcome of war for PAF
Pakistan Air Force gained a lot of credibility and reliability among Pakistan military and international war writers for successful defence of Lahore and other important areas of Pakistan and heavy retaliation to India on the next day. The alertness of the air force was also related to the fact that some pilots were scrambled six times in less than an hour on indication of Indian air raids.

Airshows and celebrations

Flag hoisting
Parade
Military exhibitions
Award ceremonies
Singing patriotic songs
Entertainment and military programmes
Speeches.

References

Air shows
Aviation in Pakistan
Events in Pakistan
Pakistan Air Force
September observances
Horrat ol Abbas (, also Romanized as Ḩorrat ol ‘Abbās; also known as Ḩorrat-e ‘Abbās) is a village in Hoveyzeh Rural District, in the Central District of Hoveyzeh County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 46, in 10 families.

References 

Populated places in Hoveyzeh County
Alhaji Sir Muhammadu Sanusi I, KBE was the Acting Governor of Northern Nigeria (1957) and Emir of Kano from 1954 to 1963. He was the eldest son of Emir Abdullahi Bayero. He was a powerful Emir that had substantial influence in the colonial Northern Nigeria. He hosted a grand durbar festival for Elizabeth II when she visited Kano in 1956. The power tussle between him and his distant cousin Sir Ahmadu Bello the Sardauna of Sokoto and accusations of financial malfeasance led to his abdication, and subsequent self-exile in Azare 1963. His grandson, Sanusi Lamido Sanusi, former Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria was Emir of Kano from 2014 to 2020. Sanusi belonged to the reformed Tijaniyya order of Ibrahim Niass

Life

Sanusi was born to the large family of Abdullahi Bayero, Emir of Kano, among his brothers was future Emir, Ado Bayero. He was the second son of Bayero but his elder brother died at an early age. He was educated at Kano Middle School. Prior to becoming Emir, Sanusi held the title of Ciroma Kano  and in 1947, he became a member of the regional House of Assembly. Sanusi was closely affiliated with Ibrahim Niass and the Tijani Sufi, for a while, he accompanied Niass on pilgrimages to Mecca and was later the appointed Caliph of the tijaniyyah order in Nigeria. He was also appointed a minister without portfolio in 1958 alongside other emirs like Usman Nagogo. In his memoir 
'An Imperial Twilight', Sir Gawain Bell narrates how he appointed Emir Sanusi to act in his stead as Governor of Northern Nigeria for six months in 1957.

Knighthood 

 Knighted into the Order of the British Empire

References

External links
 Sir Ahmadu Bello, and Muhammadu Sanusi I Visiting the United Nations, New York City, July 1960

Sources

Emirs of Kano
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Monarchs who abdicated
Nigerian Muslims
Nigerian recipients of British titles
Nigerian knights
People from Kano
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Joseph Corbould Darracott (22 February 1934–6 March 1998) was a British writer, art historian, editor and museum curator who for 14 years was Keeper of Art at the Imperial War Museum in London.

Born in 1934 at Aldershot in Hampshire into a well-known family of bakers who supplied the Royal Family at the nearby Royal Pavilion, Darracott was the son of Joseph Stuart Darracott (1885-1965), a baker and confectioner, and Henrietta (née Hoey, 1891-1993). He was educated at Bradfield College and from 1954 at Lincoln College, Oxford where he read History. He completed his training at the Institut d'Art et d'Archéologie at Sorbonne University in Paris before being appointed as Keeper of the Rutherston Collection at Manchester City Art Gallery from 1961. In 1959 he married Britt-Marie Holm with whom he had two sons and a daughter.

From 1964 to 1969 he was Lecturer in Art History at Hornsey College of Art during which period he witnessed the famous 1968 sit-in at the college by students in what was described as "perhaps the most prominent manifestation in England of the revolutionary spirit which swept universities all over Europe in the late Sixties."

From 1969 to 1983 Darracott was Assistant Director and Keeper of Art at the Imperial War Museum in London. In 1971 he was one of the original founders of National Heritage, an organisation which supports and promotes museums in Britain and which since 1973 has awarded the Museum of the Year Award. In 1986 he became editor of Museum News; among his various articles were biographies for the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. He wrote the catalogue for the exhibition 'All for Art: the Ricketts and Shannon Collection' at the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge in 1979. His books include The First World War in Posters (1974); The World of Charles Ricketts (1980); England's Constable: the Life and Letters Of John Constable (1985); A Cartoon War: the Second World War in Cartoons (1990); Art Criticism (1991) and Letters from Artists (1997).

Joseph Darracott died suddenly in London in 1998 aged 64.

References

1934 births
1998 deaths
Writers from Aldershot
People educated at Bradfield College
Alumni of Lincoln College, Oxford
Paris-Sorbonne University alumni
English art historians
British art curators
20th-century British non-fiction writers
British art teachers