Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Red złoty (; also known as Polish ducats or florins) refers to circulating gold coins minted in the Kingdom of Poland (later, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth) from 1526 to 1831. Whereas złoty "(adj.) gold(en)" could simply refer to the colour, czerwony (red) specified the material as gold.

Background

The earliest minting of Polish gold coins dates from the 14th century (1320s and 1330s) and the reign of Władysław I the Elbow-high. Władysław after becoming king initiated a reform of the monetary system based on similar policies that had been carried out in Hungary, where he had previously spent some years in exile. The coins issued by Władysław's mints were patterned after the ducats first produced by Charles I of Hungary. These were the first red złotys. Only one example has survived. No more gold coins were produced in Poland until the late 15th century and the reign of Alexander Jagiellon.

The red zloty was different from the Polish zloty proper, which was the money of account adopted during Alexander's reign in 1496. To combat the confusion and inflation resulting from the different coinage used in the Kingdom of Poland, Sigismund I the Old around 1526-1528 introduced further monetary reform, which included increased minting of the red złoty in Kraków. From 1528 the new monetary system was used in the Polish province of Royal Prussia, and in 1569 (following the Union of Lublin and the formation of the Commonwealth), in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

The last Polish red złoty were the so-called "insurgent ducats" minted at the Warsaw mint in 1831, on the eve of the November Uprising.

Mint and value

The red złoty was minted at 3.5 grams of gold. There was also a silver złoty, worth 23.1 grams of silver. In 1526 a monetary scale was introduced in which 1 złoty = 5 szóstaków (sixpences) = 10 trojaków (threepences) = 30 groszy (groschen) = 90 szelągów (shillings) = 180 ternarów/trzeciaków (ternarii) = 540 denarów (denarii).

The value of one red złoty in terms of accounting złotys increased in time, while at the same time the amount of silver found in the grosz decreased. for example, in the 16th century the red złoty's value rose from the initial 30 grosze to almost twice that in just a few decades; in the mid-17th century it was worth six accounting Polish złoty (180 groszy), while in late 18th century, one red złoty was worth about 18 Polish accounting złoty (or 540 groszy).

See also
 Bimetallism
 Chervonets
 Copernicus Law
 Historical coins and banknotes of Poland

References

External links
 Grzegorz Wójtowicz, The Origin and History of the Polish Money. Part I, Bank i Kredyt, listopad-grudzien 2006 (Part II)

Further reading

Coins of Poland
Gold coins
Mount Blanchet Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located on the west side of the southern end of Takla Lake, north of Smithers.

References
BC Park webpage

Provincial parks of British Columbia
Omineca Country
Regional District of Bulkley-Nechako
2001 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 2001
Nils Olof Henriksson (31 July 1928 – 26 May 2023) was a Finnish cyclist. He won the Finnish national road race title in 1952. He also competed in the 4,000 metres team pursuit event at the 1952 Summer Olympics.

References

External links
 

1928 births
2023 deaths
Finnish male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Finland
Cyclists at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Porvoo
Il cucchiaio d'argento (), or The Silver Spoon in English, is a major Italian cookbook and kitchen reference work originally published in 1950 by the design and architecture magazine Domus. It contains about 2000 recipes drawn from all over Italy, and has gone through eleven editions.

History 
It originated from a post-World War II pricing dispute between the publishers and some of the distributors of the popular Il talismano della felicità by Ada Boni.

Editoriale Domus still publishes the book as a single volume as well as a series of single-subject books. It is now in its eleventh Italian edition. Domus also produces Il cucchiaino d'argento for children, as well as creating recipes for Phaidon's books; these include regional cookbooks (so far for Tuscany, Sicily, and Puglia) as well as seasonal and single-ingredient books on pasta and seafood.

Several English versions (customized for the country of sale) were published as The Silver Spoon by the United Kingdom's Phaidon Press in 2005, then later in German, French and Dutch. They are based on the 1997 Italian edition, with a special section of recipes from prominent Italian cooks around the world. While Phaidon's original edition had been criticized for awkward measurements, the English editions have overall been well received and are very popular. In the US the book became a New York Times Bestseller, catching some in the industry by surprise.

Phaidon followed up in 2009 with The Silver Spoon: Pasta and The Silver Spoon Book for Children.

A revised English edition was released in November 2011, with adjusted measurements, 400 new photographs, as well as a new cover, more similar to the red leather binding of the original Italian edition.

In 2014 Phaidon published Chop Sizzle Wow: The Silver Spoon Comic Book, with a selection of 50 recipes in comics format. The concept and drawings were made by the Brazilian artist Adriano Rampazzo. In 2015 The Gourmand International awarded best illustrated cookbook published in 2014 in the UK. Then it was awarded best illustrated cookbook in the world for that year. Later on the same year, as a celebration of the 20 years of the Gourmand Awards, Chop Sizzle Wow received best illustrated cookbook of all times prize.

Coverage 

The book covers Antipasti & Contorni (appetizers and side dishes), Primi (first courses), Secondi (main courses), Dolci (desserts), and Il Cucchiaio d'Argento Estate (summer dishes).

See also
Italian cuisine

References

External links
Official website (Italian edition)
Official website (English and international editions)

1950 non-fiction books
Italian cookbooks
Ancylolomia capensis is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. this species is known from central, eastern and southern Africa (Congo, Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, South Africa and Madagascar).

References

External links
 Swedish Museum of Natural History - picture of typus

Moths described in 1852
Ancylolomia
Moths of Sub-Saharan Africa
Moths of Madagascar
Ericodesma leptosticha is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from New South Wales.

The wingspan is 17–21 mm. The forewings are grey, irrorated (sprinkled) with pale ochreous. There is a white costal streak and the costal edge is dark fuscous near the base, where it becomes grey. The hindwings are grey.

References

Moths described in 1916
Archipini
The 2000 United States Senate election in Rhode Island was held on November 7, 2000. Republican U.S. Senator John Chafee had announced in 1999 that he would not seek reelection, leading his son, Lincoln Chafee, to announce his own candidacy. The elder Chafee, however, died a few months later; his son was appointed to fill the remainder of the unexpired term. The younger Chafee, now the incumbent, sought a full term and won, defeating Democratic U.S. Representative Bob Weygand. , this was the last congressional election in Rhode Island to be won by a Republican.

Democratic primary

Candidates 
 Robert Weygand, U.S. Representative
 Richard A. Licht, former Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island and nominee for the United States Senate in 1988

Results

Republican primary

Candidates 
 Lincoln Chafee, incumbent U.S. Senator

Results

General election

Candidates 
 Lincoln Chafee (R), incumbent U.S. Senator
 Kenneth Proulx (I)
 Robert Weygand (D), U.S. Representative
 Christopher Young (Re)

Debates
Complete video of debate, September 24, 2000

Results

See also 
 2000 United States Senate elections

References 

2000 Rhode Island elections
Rhode Island
2000
Lincoln Chafee
The Guldbagge for Best Film is a Swedish film award presented annually by the Swedish Film Institute (SFI) as part of the Guldbagge Awards (Swedish: "Guldbaggen") to the best Swedish motion picture of the year.

Winners and nominees 
Each Guldbagge Awards ceremony is listed chronologically below along with the winner of the Guldbagge Award for Best Film and the producer associated with the award. Before 1991 the awards did not announce nominees, only winners. In the columns under the winner of each award are the other nominees for best film, which are listed from 1991 and forward.

For the first nineteen ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. For example, the 2nd Guldbagge Awards presented on 15 October 1965, recognized films that were released between July 1964 and June 1965. Starting with the 20th Guldbagge Awards, held in 1985, the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from 1 January to 31 December. The Awards presented at that ceremony were in respect of 18 months of film production owing to the changeover from the broken calendar year to the standard calendar year during 1984. Due to a mediocre film year, no awards ceremony was held in 1971.

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

See also 
 Academy Award for Best Picture
 BAFTA Award for Best Film
 Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama
 Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy
 Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture
 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film (List of Academy Award winners and nominees for Best Foreign Language Film)
 Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film

Notes

References

External links 
  
  
 

Film
Awards for best film
Lists of films by award
Film
Joseph Jean François, count de Ferraris (April 20, 1726, in Lunéville – April 1, 1814, in Vienna) was an Austrian general and cartographer. He was married to the daughter of Charles, 2nd Duke d'Ursel.

Biography
Between 1771 and 1778, Ferraris was commissioned by the empress Maria Theresa of Austria and emperor Joseph II to create a detailed Carte-de-Cabinet of the Austrian Netherlands. The maps were made on a scale 1:11,520, and formed a collection of 275 hand-colored and hand-drawn maps 0,90 × 1,40 m each. These were accompanied by twelve volumes of handwritten commentaries relating to topics of economic and military interest (rivers, bridges, forests, possibilities for military camps, etc.).

Ferraris Map
Three originals of the maps remain. One is in the Kriegsarchiv in Vienna, one is in the Rijksarchief in The Hague and the third one remains in the Royal Library of Belgium in Brussels. The maps held in Brussels were the maps destined for Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine, the Governor of the Austrian Netherlands, and were transferred to Belgium by Austria in 1922 as part of the World War I reparations. The handover of the maps was a provision of Annex II to Part VIII, Section II of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye.

In 1777 and 1778, Ferraris issued a reduced version of the cabinet maps with a scale of 1:86,400 in 25 maps, issued for commercial sale ("carte marchande").

The Ferraris maps were used to great extent during the military operations of the French Revolutionary Wars and during the Napoleonic Wars. When the French invaded in 1792–1793 they took 400 copies of the map from a Brussel's printer and seller. In 1794 they took the engraving plates to France so they could produce more maps for their own use and to prevent any enemy from acquiring copies. Louis Capitaine, a French engineer, copied it and produced 2 versions one with 69 sheets and a smaller scale version on six sheets, which was sold commercially. During the Waterloo Campaign the Duke of Wellington had a copy of the six sheet version as it is probable that Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher also had a copy of the six sheet version. Napoleon carried a copy of the full scale Capitaine map while Gourgaud, an aide-de-camp to Napoleon, carried a copy of the Ferraris map. Both versions were very similar and about 40 years out of date (for instance coal mines with their supporting infrastructure which had developed around Charleroi in the interval between the map's drafting and 1815 were missing).

Trivia
 The Brussels-based Flemish government building, housing parts of the Flemish ministry of Environment, Nature and Energy and the Flemish Ministry of Mobility and Public Works is named Graaf de Ferrarisgebouw after him.

Notes

References
. — The history of the map and a map legend (which was not provided, with an explanation of why it was not).

Further reading

1726 births
1814 deaths
Austrian cartographers
People from Lunéville
18th-century Austrian people
Austrian generals
Generals of the Holy Roman Empire
Belgian cartographers
Grand Crosses of the Military Order of Maria Theresa
Bundall Road is a road from Bundall to Southport on the Gold Coast in Queensland, Australia. Originally a suburban street, it is now part of Southport – Burleigh Road, a state controlled road (State Route 3)

Bundall Road is a continuation of Bermuda Street north for about 1.9 km to the intersection with Slatyer Avenue / Thomas Drive, where it becomes Ferry Road. Not all maps agree on the precise point at which the name changes from Bermuda Street to Bundall Road, but the most commonly accepted is at the intersection with Boomerang Crescent, about 300 metres south of the intersection of Bundall Road with Ashmore Road.

Major intersections

 Crombie Avenue
  Ashmore Road (west) / Salerno Street (east) (State Route 24)

See also

References

Roads on the Gold Coast, Queensland
XOX-Theater Kleve  is a theatre in Kleve, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

Theatres in North Rhine-Westphalia
Steven Mark Drucker is an American computer scientist who studies how to help people understand data, and communicate their insights to others. He is a Partner at Microsoft Research, where he also serves as the Research Manager of the VIDA (Visualization and Data Analysis) group. Drucker is an affiliate professor at the University of Washington Computer Science and Engineering Department.

Education 

Drucker received his Ph.D. from the Computer Graphics and Animation Group at the MIT Media Lab in May 1994, where he studied improvements to controlling cameras in synthetic environments. He graduated Magna Cum Laude with Honors in Neurosciences from Brown University, and earned his Master's degree in robot learning at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory.

Scientific contributions 

Drucker developed the SandDance system for information visualization. SandDance provides a web interface to explore, animate, and communicate insights into complex datasets. The system is designed to facilitate discovery of patterns and trends in data by displaying it in ways that complement the pattern-finding systems in the human visual system.

Drucker contributed to the growth of e-sports by designing a robust system that allows spectators to enjoy watching others play competitive video games. His related work on automatic camera control leveraged decades of art and experience in video and film to create engaging, real-time choices for camera placement and motion in any synthetic environment, such as video games.

Drucker has participated in the development of multiple systems designed to help understand the results of machine learning algorithms by using novel visualizations.

Drucker has helped to develop visualization tools for a wide variety of applications, such as interpreting data in virtual reality, filtering trajectories in virtual reality, and pen-and-touch interfaces.

Recognition 
 ACM SIGCHI CHI Academy
 Papers Chair for ACM SIGCHI 2022
 Papers Chair for ACM SIGCHI 2021

References 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American computer scientists
Microsoft people
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Brown University alumni
Bowman's Bus Services was an Australian bus company in Adelaide.

History
In April 1935, David Bowman commenced operating a weekly  bus service from Hope Valley to the Adelaide city centre via Peserverance Road. The service quickly expanded to become twice daily. From circa 1937, a second service commenced from Tea Tree Gully to One Tree Hill.

A second service from Tea Tree Gully to Adelaide via North East Road later commenced. Following David Bowman's passing in 1967, it passed to his sons, Jack and Milton.

By the early 1970s, Bowman's had expanded to operate nine routes:
540: One Tree Hill to Adelaide city centre
541: Fairview Park to Adelaide city centre
542: Tea Tree Gully to Adelaide city centre
543: Redwood Park to Adelaide city centre
544: Westfield Tea Tree Plaza - Modbury Heights
550: St Agnes - Adelaide city centre
551: St Agnes - Adelaide city centre
560: Tea Tree Gully - Elizabeth
561: Tea Tree Gully - Salisbury

With falling revenues and rising costs, on 11 February 1974 the routes of Bowman's, along with those of 11 other operators, were taken over by the Municipal Tramways Trust.

Fleet
Up until the late 1950s, the fleet had primarily consisted of front-engined Fords. In 1959, the first of 15 Commers was delivered. These were followed by Bedford SBs and Hino RC320Ps. When operations ceased in February 1974, the fleet consisted of 36 buses and six coaches. All passed to the Municipal Tramways Trust.

Depots
In 1970, Bowman's opened a state of the art facility in St Agnes.

References

Bus companies of South Australia
Transport companies established in 1935
Transport companies disestablished in 1974
Transport in Adelaide
Australian companies established in 1935
1974 disestablishments in Australia
Defunct bus companies of Australia
The 1973–74 Liga Alef season saw Hapoel Acre (champions of the North Division) and Maccabi Sha'arayim (champions of the South Division) win their regional divisions, and qualify with the second-placed clubs, Shimshon Tel Aviv and Hapoel Marmorek for promotion play-offs against the bottom two clubs in Liga Leumit, Hakoah Ramat Gan and Maccabi Haifa. Shimshon Tel Aviv were the only promoted club from Liga Alef to Liga Leumit.

On same basis, promotion-relegation play-offs contested between the bottom Liga Alef clubs and the top Liga Bet clubs.

North Division

South Division

Promotion play-offs

Relegation play-offs

North play-offs

Beitar Tiberias suspended from the play-offs due to crowd trouble against Hapoel Beit She'an.

South play-offs

References
Goal difference caused relegation Maariv, 23.6.74, Historical Jewish Press 
Israel - List of final tables RSSSF
Jaffa and Ramla will play in Liga Alef Davar, 21.7.74, Historical Jewish Press 
Previous seasons The Israel Football Association 

Liga Alef seasons
Israel
2
Jamalca is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1974 and released on the 20th Century label.

Critical reception
Allmusic awarded the album 3 stars stating "This is essentially a crossover album, and while it is dated, it is still enjoyable in spots... At this point, the potential audience for this album will consist more of crate-digging rare groove enthusiasts than straight-ahead jazz fans".

Track listing
 "Ghetto Child" (Thom Bell, Linda Creed) – 5:37
 "Misdemeanor" (Leon Sylvers III) – 4:30
 "Along the Nile" (Ra Twani Az Yemeni) 4:46
 "Trouble Man" (Marvin Gaye) – 5:11
 "Jamalca" (Ahmad Jamal) – 3:54
 "Don't Misunderstand" (Gordon Parks) – 4:07
 "Theme Bahamas" (Brian Grice) – 6:09
 "Children Calling" (Joel Beale) – 4:45
 "Theme from M*A*S*H (Suicide Is Painless)" (Mike Altman, Johnny Mandel) – 2:48

Personnel
 Ahmad Jamal – piano, Fender Rhodes
 Orchestra arranged and conducted by Richard Evans
 Bass – Richard Evans, Jamil Nasser (track 9)   
 Drums – Brian Grice, Frank Gant (track 9)    
 Engineer – Paul Serrano    
 Vocals – Charles Colbert, Jimmy Spink, Marilyn Haywood, Morra Stewart, Vivian Haywood (Harreel)

References 

20th Century Fox Records albums
Ahmad Jamal albums
1974 albums
Kelly  is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located on the Eyre Peninsula about  north-west of the state capital of Adelaide and about  south-east of the municipal seat in Kimba.

Kelly's boundaries were created on 6 May 1999 for the “local established name”.  On 1 August 2017, a parcel of land was taken from the adjoining locality of Mangalo and added to the locality of Kelly to ensure that all of land identified as “Allotment 50, in Deposited Plan 68070” was in the locality.  The 2017 boundary change resulted in all of the locality's boundaries now aligning with those of the cadastral unit of the Hundred of Kelly with exception to the boundary with the locality of Kimba in the hundred's north-west corner.

Land use within the locality is ’primary production’ with exception to land dedicated to the protected area known as the Malgra Conservation Park.

The 2016 Australian census which was conducted in August 2016 reports that Kelly had 77 people living within its boundaries.

Kelly is located within the federal division of Grey, the state electoral district of Giles and the local government area of the District Council of Kimba.

References

Towns in South Australia
Eyre Peninsula
An institute is an organisational body created for a certain purpose. They are often research organisations (research institutes) created to do research on specific topics, or can also be a professional body. 

In some countries, institutes can be part of a university or other institutions of higher education, either as a group of departments or an autonomous educational institution without a traditional university status such as a "university institute" (see Institute of Technology). In some countries, such as South Korea and India, private schools are sometimes referred to as institutes, and in Spain, secondary schools are referred to as institutes.

Historically, in some countries institutes were educational units imparting vocational training and often incorporating libraries, also known as mechanics' institutes. 

The word "institute" comes from a Latin word institutum meaning "facility" or "habit"; from instituere meaning "build", "create", "raise" or "educate".

United Kingdom and Isle of Man 
In the United Kingdom and the Isle of Man the term "institute" is a protected word and companies or other organizations may only use the word if they are "organisations which are carrying out research at the highest level or to professional bodies of the highest standing".
Furthermore, if a company is carrying on a business under a different name to the company name, that business name must comply with the Business Names Act. Use of the title "institute" requires approval from the Secretary of State. Failure to seek approval is a criminal offence.

See also 
 Chair (Polish academic department)
 Consortium
 Higher education
 Institution
Mechanics' Institutes
 Private foundation
 Policy institute
 List of policy institutes
 Research institute

References 

 
School types
Types of organization

ja:インスティチュート
Basudev refers to the 1984 Nepali film directed by Neer Shah. 

Basudev may also refer to:
Krishna, a major Hindu deity also known as Basudev, Basudeb, Vasudev or Vasudeva
Vasudeva, father of Krishna
Basudev (name)

See also
Vasudev (disambiguation)
Vasudeva (disambiguation)