Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The CGR Class H1 was a  steam locomotive of the Garratt type built by Beyer, Peacock & Company, England for the Ceylon Government Railway (CGR), now Sri Lanka Railways. Only one locomotive of this type was built, and its CGR plate number was 293.

Description
This locomotive entered service with the CGR in 1931. It was originally used for working passenger and freight services on the narrow gauge (2 ft 6in)  Uda Pussellawa Railway (UPR) between Nanu Oya and Ragala, via Nuwara Eliya. No. 293 met with a serious accident near Nuwara Eliya in 1942 while hauling a freight train at excessive speed. It was returned to service in 1944 following repairs. Until the 1960s, H1 no. 293 was occasionally used on the Kelani Valley narrow gauge line. Withdrawn from service in 1972, it was scrapped in 1981.

See also
 Locomotives of Sri Lanka Railways
 CGR class C1 and C1a

References

2 ft 6 in gauge locomotives
H1
Garratt locomotives
2-4-0+0-4-2 locomotives
Beyer, Peacock locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1930
Color Group AS is a Norwegian shipping and holding company, established in 1990 as a result of the merger between Jahre Line and Norway Line. The same year, Color Line took over Fred. Olsen Lines cruise-ferry operations and then expanded its business further.

In October 1996, the company acquired Larvik Line, while Scandi Line joined the group in September 1998. The Color Hotel Skagen was also acquired in September 1998. The company ventured into the airline industry with the establishment of Color Air, but had to withdraw within a year due to total loss of about NOK 400 million. It was for a period listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange, but is currently a subsidiary of O. N. Sunde.

References

Shipping companies of Norway
Holding companies of Norway
Companies formerly listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange
Holding companies established in 1990
Norwegian companies established in 1990
Transport companies established in 1990
Vellimalai is a panchayat town in Kanniyakumari district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

Demographics
 India census, Vellimalai had a population of 11,758. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Vellimalai has an average literacy rate of 79%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 82%, and female literacy is 76%. In Vellimalai, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Vellimalai is famous for the Lord Murugan Temple called as "Bala Subramaniya Swamy Koil" located atop of the hill Vellimalai. It is popularly believed that Valli was born here, and raised by a tribal king to marry with Lord Murugan in a Love marriage. Nonetheless, similar story is associated with another namesake place, Vallimalai in Vellore district and Tiruttani of Tiruvallur district in the far north of Tamil Nadu. 

Lord Murugan Temple attracts lot of pilgrims from the surrounding areas. The famous festivals of the temple are "Sasti Sura Samkaram"- killing of Suran, the demon leader by Lord Bala Subramaniya Swamy and Vaikasi Visakam. From the top of the hill the major part of the green Kanya Kumari District can be viewed, which will be a mind blowing experience for nature lovers.

References

Cities and towns in Kanyakumari district
Badgeville, Inc. was a privately held technology company founded in 2010 with headquarters in Redwood City, California, and an additional office in New York. The firm provided software as a service (SaaS) for web sites to measure and influence user behaviour using techniques such as gamification.

Badgeville technology was acquired by CallidusCloud in 2016, which was in turn acquired by SAP in 2018.

History 
The company was founded by Kris Duggan and Wedge Martin, and launched at TechCrunch Disrupt on September 27, 2010 . At that time, the company had raised less than $300k in angel funding.

In November 2010, the firm raised a $2.5M Series A round led by El Dorado Ventures and Trinity Ventures. Badgeville subsequently raised a $12M Series B Round in July 2011, led by Norwest Venture Partners and El Dorado Ventures.

In November 2011, Badgeville unveiled the Behavior Platform for Enterprise. They expanded their business beyond gamification to include enterprise employee management and community reputation systems.

Social Fabric
Social Fabric was a service launched by Badgeville in September 2011. It is designed to increase user engagement and loyalty. It was offered to clients as a SaaS to allow websites to include social networking elements. Social Fabric offers activity stream based on an algorithm that contextualizes it to the user's activities, interests, and friends. Social Fabric also provides notifications and alerts.

References

Further reading
 
 Mangalindan, JP (2011-07-13). "Startup Idols one year later: Badgeville gets funded". Fortune. Retrieved 2011-08-26.
 Arrington, M (2011-07-12). "Badgeville Raises $12 Million, Celebrates With An Infographic". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2011-08-26.
 Harris, R (2011-06-02). "Badgeville launches Dynamic Game Engine and Widget Studio". ZDNet. Retrieved 2011-08-26.

External links 
 
 Badgeville Social Fabric

Gaming organizations
Defunct technology companies of the United States
2010 establishments in California
Gamification
2016 mergers and acquisitions
2016 disestablishments in California
The Bacon–Shor code is a subsystem error correcting code. In a subsystem code, information is encoded in a subsystem of a Hilbert space. Subsystem codes lend to simplified error correcting procedures unlike codes which encode information in the subspace of a Hilbert space.  This simplicity led to the first claim of fault tolerant circuit demonstration on a quantum computer. It is named after Dave Bacon and Peter Shor.

Given the stabilizer generators of Shor's code: , 4 stabilizers can be removed from this generator by recognizing gauge symmetries in the code to get: . Error correction is now simplified because 4 stabilizers are needed to measure errors instead of 8. A gauge group can be created from the stabilizer generators:. Given that the Bacon–Shor code is defined on a square lattice where the qubits are placed on the vertices; laying the qubits on a grid in a way that corresponds to the gauge group shows how only 2 qubit nearest-neighbor measurements are needed to infer the error syndromes. The simplicity of  deducing the syndromes reduces the overheard for fault tolerant error correction.
    ZZ   ZZ 
  q0---q1--q2
XX|    |   |XX
  |    |   |
  q6--q7--q8
XX|    |   |XX
  |    |   |
  q3--q4--q5
   ZZ   ZZ

See also 
 Five-qubit error correcting code

References 

Quantum computing
Oratemnus is a genus of pseudoscorpions in the family Atemnidae.

Species
The genus contains the following species:
Oratemnus afghanicus Beier, 1959
Oratemnus articulosus (Simon, 1899)
Oratemnus boettcheri Beier, 1932
Oratemnus brevidigitatus Beier, 1940
Oratemnus cavernicola Beier, 1976
Oratemnus confusus Murthy and Ananthakrishnan, 1977
Oratemnus curtus (Beier, 1954)
Oratemnus distinctus (Beier, 1948)
Oratemnus indicus (With, 1906)
Oratemnus loyolai Sivaraman, 1980
Oratemnus manilanus Beier, 1932
Oratemnus navigator (With, 1906)
Oratemnus philippinensis Beier, 1932
Oratemnus proximus Beier, 1932
Oratemnus punctatus (L. Koch and Keyserling, 1885)
Oratemnus saigonensis (Beier, 1930)
Oratemnus samoanus Beier, 1932
Oratemnus semidivisus Redikorzev, 1938
Oratemnus timorensis Beier, 1932
Oratemnus yodai Morikawa, 1968

References 

Pseudoscorpion genera
Atemnidae
Niobe may refer to:

Greek mythology
Niobe, daughter of Tantalus and Dione
 Niobe, rival of Aedon, possibly identified with either of the other two Niobes: the daughter of Tantalus or the daughter of Phoroneus
 Niobe (daughter of Phoroneus)

Arts and entertainment
Niobe, a lost play by Aeschylus
Niobe, regina di Tebe, a 1688 opera by Agostino Steffani (1653–1728)
Niobe, an 1826 opera seria by composer Giovanni Pacini (1796-1867)
The Destruction of the Children of Niobe (c. 1759–1760), a painting by Richard Wilson
Niobe room, a room in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence, Italy
Tearless Niobe, one of the "Olga Poems" by Denise Levertov
Niobe (film), American silent film by Edwin S. Porter
Niobe (play) 1892 farce by Harry Paulton

Niobe, German electronic musician who has provided vocals for artists such as Mouse On Mars
Deep Niobe, a fictional character in the manga series Saint Seiya
"Niobe", a song by Caribou from Andorra (album)
Niobe Kaftan, a character in Piers Anthony's Incarnations of Immortality series
Niobe (The Matrix), a character in the film The Matrix Reloaded
Niobe Vorena, a character in the television series Rome

Science and technology
71 Niobe, an asteroid
Moss-forest rat (Rattus niobe), a species of rodent in the family Muridae
Niobe fritillary (Argynnis niobe), a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae
Niobe ground squirrel (Lariscus niobe), a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae
Niobe's shrew (Crocidura niobe), a species of mammal in the family Soricidae
Orachrysops niobe, a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae
Niobe (trilobite), a genus of trilobites

Ships
, four ships of the Royal Navy
, a Diadem-class protected cruiser transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy
German anti-aircraft cruiser Niobe, a German World War II vessel
SMS Niobe a German Gazelle-class light cruiser of  World War I
Niobe (schooner) (1922–1932), a tall ship used by the German Navy to train cadets and aspiring NCOs
, a passenger ferry in service 1995-2000

See also
Niobium, an element
Greenholme is a hamlet in Cumbria, England.

The Greenholme Gala and Agricultural Show is held there annually.

Greenholme Bridge crosses the Birk Beck in the hamlet. This bridge appears upon a 1679 list of public bridges.

Greenholme School was founded in 1733 as a Free Grammar School, and as of 1817 held 20 to 40 pupils. It closed c.1963.

The hamlet of Lower Greenholme some 600 yards to the south-east is the site of a putative motte-and-bailey castle, located on the south bank of where the Birk Beck bends sharply east, and conjectured to be an outpost of Castle Howe, although the site is currently interpreted as probably consisting of only natural features.

References

Hamlets in Cumbria
Orton, Eden
Secret Love, or The Maiden Queen is a 1667  tragicomedy written by John Dryden. The play, commonly known by its more distinctive subtitle, was acted by the King's Company at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane (which had escaped the Great Fire of London the year before). The premiere occurred on 2 March, and was a popular success. King Charles II, his brother the Duke of York and future King James II, and Samuel Pepys were all in the audience on opening night.

The Maiden Queen was noteworthy as a vehicle for Nell Gwyn, who played the heroine Florimel. Pepys raved about her performance in his Diary — "so great performance of a comical part was never, I believe, in the world before...." He returned to see the play eight more times. It was also a special favourite of the King, who reportedly called it "his play."

In addition to Nell Gwyn, the original cast included Nicholas Burt as Lysimantes, Michael Mohun as Philocles, and Charles Hart as Celadon; Anne Marshall as Candiope and her sister Rebecca Marshall as the Queen, Mary Knep as Asteria, and Katherine Corey as Melissa. A later production in 1672 was cast entirely by women. Thomas Killigrew, manager of the King's Company, had developed this practice of all-female casts, starting with a 1664 staging of his own play The Parson's Wedding, as a way to capitalise on the Restoration innovation of actresses on the English stage.

The Maiden Queen was first published in 1668 by Henry Herringman. Another edition followed in 1698.

Dryden composed his play in a mixture of rhymed verse, blank verse, and prose. Gerard Langbaine noted in the 1690s that Dryden drew plot materials from two prose fictions by Madeleine de Scudéry, Le Grand Cyrus (for the main plot) and Ibrahim, ou l'Illustre Bassa (for the subplot). (Dryden returned to Scudéry's Ibrahim for inspiration for another play, An Evening's Love, the following year, 1668 — though that venture proved much less successful.) Dryden also borrowed material from Shirley's Love in a Maze. By Dryden's own testimony, the unheroic Philocles was inspired by Magnus de la Garide, the royal favourite of Queen Christina of Sweden.

The drama was revived in an adapted form in 1707; Colley Cibber mixed it with materials from Marriage à la mode. The play remained in the repertory throughout the eighteenth century in various forms; a shortened version called Celadon and Florimel was acted as late as 1796. A London revival of The Maiden Queen occurred in 1886.

References

External links
Secret-love : or The maiden-queen: as it is acted by his majesties servants at the Theater-Royal. (1669) 
 The 1679 edition of the play at the J. Willard Marriott Library (The University of Utah).

English Restoration plays
Plays by John Dryden
1667 plays
Tragicomedy plays
Lichtenberg Castle () is a ruin of the spur castle type; with a length of 425m (1,394 ft) it is the biggest castle ruin in Germany. It is located near Thallichtenberg in the district of Kusel in Rhineland-Palatinate.

History 

The castle was built around 1200 and was owned until 1444 by the counts of Veldenz; after which it fell into the ownership of Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken. Under the new rule, Lichtenberg Castle became the administrative seat of Zweibrücken until the move of the administration to Kusel in 1758. The castle remained under the duchy until the dissolution of the Duchy of Zweibrücken in 1792.

The part of Germany west of the Rhine river was occupied by French Revolution troops in 1792, and in 1795, the French dissolved the old borders and created new administrative districts, placing Lichtenberg Castle in the Saar Department. The town of Kusel was burnt down by French revolution troops in 1794. Lichtenberg Castle was plundered numerous times during the ensuing chaos that came with the French occupation, and in 1799, a fire caused by the castle's inhabitants destroyed much of the castle.

With the defeat of French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte and the subsequent withdrawal of French troops from Germany, in 1816 the area west of the Rhine was given to the Duke of Saxony-Coburg-Gotha and became the Princedom of Lichtenberg. However, this rule was short-lived, and in 1834 the princedom was sold to Prussia. Lichtenberg Castle fell into disrepair and ruin until, in 1895, the whole castle complex was placed under historical monument protection.
In 1945 the district of Birkenfeld, in which Lichtenberg Castle lay, became a part of the new state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

In 1971 the castle was handed over by Rhineland-Palatinate to the district of Kusel, and restoration work began. Some of the restorations include the reconstruction of the tithe barn and the repair and roofing of the bergfried.

Today 
The horseshoe tower has been the meeting place for the University of Kaiserslautern since 1987.  The tower on the southeast corner of the official administrative office also houses a restaurant, the Knight's Hall, and in the administrative office building extension, a youth hostel.  In the lower bailey is a church that still conducts services for the parish of Thallichtenberg.

From the bergfried, one can see the Remigiusberg monastery church and ruins of the nearby Michelsburg castle, as well as the Potzberg hill.

External links 
 Information about the castle 
 Musikantenland Museum 
 Pictures, history and description how to get there 
 Events and gastronomy at the castle 

Castles in Rhineland-Palatinate
Landmarks in Germany
Museums in Rhineland-Palatinate
Music museums in Germany
Ruined castles in Germany
James Simpson Fleming FRSE (1828-1899) was a Scottish lawyer and banker. From 1858 to 1871 he was a partner in the legal firm of McGrigor, Stevenson & Fleming. In the 1870s he was responsible for introducing the Royal Bank of Scotland to London.

Life

He was born in Forfar in 1828. He was baptised on 7 March 1828. He was educated locally then apprenticed as a lawyer. He then went on to study law at the University of Edinburgh and the University of St Andrews. In March 1847 he began working at the Western Bank of Scotland in Glasgow, leaving in 1852 to set up his own legal practice. He returned to the bank in 1854 combining his two skills as the bank's legal adviser. He rose to become sole manager of the bank. His investigation of financial irregularities at the bank led to it ceasing trading in November 1857 (a major scandal of the day). Fleming assisted in the bank's liquidation. At this time Fleming was living at 9 Park Street East in Glasgow.

After a period practising law he again turned to bank work, and in 1871 became Senior cashier and General Manager of the Royal Bank of Scotland. During the next ten years Fleming made major improvements to the company, bringing it to the forefront of Scottish banking. This included a critical move in 1873 to establish a base in London requiring a change in the original 1727 legal conditions upon the bank, limiting it to practice only in Scotland. In 1875 Fleming's knowledge successfully fended off a challenge by the English banks, objecting to the Scottish invasion. In 1878 Fleming also advised during the massive collapse of the City of Glasgow Bank.

In 1876 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were George Auldjo Jamieson, Andrew Douglas Maclagan, David Stevenson and David Smith.

He retired to Edinburgh in 1892 and died at home 16 Grosvenor Crescent on 8 July 1899. He is buried with his wife Elizabeth in Dean Cemetery in western Edinburgh. The grave lies in the northwest corner of the Victorian north extension, against the north wall.

Other Positions of Note
Chairman of Glasgow Chamber of Commerce (c.1864-1871)
Director of the Scottish Widows Fund 1871-1898
Justice of the Peace for both Stirling and Edinburgh

Publications
Scottish Banking: A Historic Sketch (1877)

Family
In 1852 he married Elizabeth Reid (1825-1894). They had five children.

References

1828 births
1899 deaths
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Scottish bankers
Scottish non-fiction writers
People from Forfar
19th-century Scottish businesspeople
Emma Amalia Ekwall (18 January 1838 – 1 February 1925) was a Swedish painter.

Life and career
Born in Gransbo, Småland, she was the daughter of the official Nils Fredrik Ekvall and Emelie Bernhardina Carolina Djurström and the sister of Knut, Gustaf, and Hugo Ekwall.

Ekwall studied at the Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts, Stockholm between 1865 and 1871. The latter year also saw her become the first woman to receive a royal medal. After her studies, she went abroad, spending time in Munich and Leipzig. She most notably painted portraits, as well as flowers and children, some of which are on display at Nationalmuseum.

In 1925, Ekwall died in Stockholm, at the age of 87.

Gallery

References

External links

 Emma Ekwall at Bukowskis.com  (archived copy)

1838 births
1925 deaths
19th-century Swedish painters
20th-century Swedish painters
Swedish portrait painters
Swedish still life painters
Swedish women painters
20th-century Swedish women artists
19th-century Swedish women artists
Silverwater is a suburb of the City of Lake Macquarie in New South Wales, Australia, and is located on a peninsula east of the town of Morisset on the western side of Lake Macquarie. The Aboriginal people, in this area, the Awabakal, were the first people of this land.

References

External links
 History of Silverwater (Lake Macquarie City Library)

Suburbs of Lake Macquarie
Qareh Guni (, also Romanized as Qareh Gūnī, Qara Gunei, and Qareh Gowney; also known as Ghareh Gooni Badostan, Karaguney, and Qareh Gūnīr) is a village in Bedevostan-e Gharbi Rural District, Khvajeh District, Heris County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 28, in 9 families.

References 

Populated places in Heris County
The Grascals is the eponymous debut album of the American bluegrass music group The Grascals, released by Rounder Records in early 2005. Dolly Parton does a guest spot on the song "Viva Las Vegas". This album also launched The Grascals career, winning them Song of the Year and Emerging Artist of the Year. Also, winning them a nomination for Album of the year. This album also earned them a Grammy nomination in Best Bluegrass Album of the Year, losing to the Del McCoury Band. This album also debuted at number 3 on the Billboard Bluegrass Charts.

Track listing
Leavin's Heavy on My Mind (2:45)
Mourning Dove (2:29)
Me and John and Paul (3:12)
Bevans Lake Crossing (2:48)
Some Things I Want to Sing About (2:32)
Teardrops in My Eyes (3:00)
Where I Come From (2:58)
My Saro Jane (2:31)
Where Corn Don't Grow (3:44)
Sally Goodin (3:49)
Lonely Street (2:29)
Viva Las Vegas (with Dolly Parton) (3:11)
Sweet By and By (3:16)

Personnel
Terry Eldredge - Guitar, vocals
Jamie Johnson - Guitar, vocals
Dave Talbot - Banjo, backing vocals
Terry Smith - Bass, backing vocals
Danny Roberts - Mandolin
Jimmy Mattingly - Fiddle
Dolly Parton - Vocals (on "Viva Las Vegas")
Lloyd Green - Steel guitar (on "Me and John and Paul")
Bob Mater - Drums, Percussion

Other information
Dolly Parton calls this album "One of the greatest albums I've ever listened to."
The Grascals won the IBMA award for song of the year in 2005 for their song "Me and John and Paul".
The song Sally Goodin is a regular at The Grascals shows.
Two singles were released off the album, being their cover of "Viva Las Vegas" with special guest Dolly Parton, and "Me and John and Paul", which was written by Harley Allen.

2005 debut albums
The Grascals albums
Rounder Records albums
In the area of abstract algebra known as group theory, the diameter of a finite group is a measure of its complexity.

Consider a finite group , and any set of generators . Define  to be the graph diameter of the Cayley graph .  Then the diameter of  is the largest value of  taken over all generating sets .

For instance, every finite cyclic group of order , the Cayley graph for a generating set with one generator is an -vertex cycle graph. The diameter of this graph, and of the group, is .

It is conjectured, for all non-abelian finite simple groups , that

Many partial results are known but the full conjecture remains open.

References

Finite groups
Measures of complexity
The Upper Hungary Magyar Educational Society (, FEMKE, also FMKE; ) was a non-governmental organization in Upper Hungary, founded on 20 November 1883, that conducted Magyarisation initiatives among the region's predominantly ethnic Slovak population. By sponsoring cultural activities, education for children, and the establishment of libraries and courses in the Hungarian language, the Society aimed to assimilate Slovaks into the country's Hungarian population while spreading the general use of Hungarian, then the official state language. It was based in Nyitra, now the city of Nitra in western Slovakia, and was supported by the prominent Hungarian nationalist Béla Grünwald and the Bishop of Nitra, Imre Bende. The organisation met some success: between 1900 and 1910, the proportion of self-identified Slovaks in Nyitra County dropped by over 6 percent, thanks in part to its efforts, and by 1910, it was estimated that 21 percent of the Slovak population in the country as a whole had learned Hungarian. The Society came to operate 227 libraries across Upper Hungary. Its establishment was followed by the setting up of a similar society in Transylvania. FEMKE was ultimately dissolved in 1919 after the breakup of the Kingdom of Hungary.

References

1883 establishments in Hungary
1919 disestablishments in Hungary
19th century in Slovakia
19th century in Austria-Hungary
Cultural assimilation
Thomas Granville Sharp (born 7 November 1977) is an English cricketer born at Truro in Cornwall whoo has played in the Cornwall Cricket League . Before joining the Unicorns squad during the 2010 Clydesdale Bank 40 competition, Sharp played nine List A matches for Cornwall, for whom he also played in the Minor Counties Cricket Championship.

References

External links

English cricketers
Unicorns cricketers
Cornwall cricketers
1977 births
Living people
Cricketers from Truro
Cornwall cricket captains