Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
A tremble dance is a dance performed by forager honey bees of the species Apis mellifera to recruit more receiver honey bees to collect nectar from the workers.

History of discovery
The tremble dance was first described by Karl von Frisch in the 1920s (who was also first to describe the waggle dance), but no light was shed on its function until 1993 when Wolfgang Kirschner discovered that, when performed, the dance stopped nearby workers from flying to gather more nectar.

Function
The tremble dance of the honeybee is used by a forager when it perceives a long delay in unloading its nectar or a shortage of receiver bees, indicating a need to switch worker allocation from foragers to receivers. It may also spread the scent released during the forager's waggle dance. The waggle and tremble dances are likely the two "primary regulation mechanisms" for controlling group behavior in the bee colony, and one of four or five observed mechanisms known to be used by honeybees to change the task allocation among worker bees.

Linkage to ethanol consumption
The consumption of ethanol by foraging bees has been shown to increase the occurrence of the tremble dance while decreasing the occurrence of the waggle dance.

See also 
Bee learning and communication
Bee piping
Eusociality
Grooming dance
Waggle dance

References

Sources and further reading 
Arnold et al. (September 2002) Intra-Colonial Variability in the Dance Communication in Honeybees (Apis mellifera). Ethology Vol. 108, Issue 9. pp. 751–761.
Biesmeijer, J. C. (May 2003) The occurrence and context of tremble dancing in free-foraging honey bees (Apis mellifera). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. Volume 53, Number 6.  pp. 411–416.
Dyer, Fred C. (January 2002) The biology of the dance language. Annual Review of Entomology. Vol. 47. pp. 917–949.
Schneider, Stanley S.; Lee A. Lewis. (2003) Honey bee communication: the "tremble dance", the vibration signal and the "migration dance", in: Webster T. (Ed.) Monographs in honey bee biology. Northern Bee Books, West Yorks, Great Britain. Vol. 1, pp. 1–26.
Schneider, Stanley S.; Lee A. Lewis. (March 2004) The vibration signal, modulatory communication and the organization of labor in honey bees, Apis mellifera. Apidologie. Vol. 35, Issue 2. pp. 117–131. 
Seeley, Thomas D. (July 1997) Honey Bee Colonies are Group-Level Adaptive Units. The American Naturalist. Vol. 150, Supplement: Multilevel Selection. pp. S22-S41.
Seeley, Thomas D. (June 1999) Born to Dance. Natural History. Vol. 108, Number 6. pp. 54–57.
Takeshi, Otani. (2001) Dance performance at very near distance from the honeybee hive. Honeybee Science. Vol. 22, Number 3.  pp. 127–138.
Thom, Corinna. (2002) Dynamics and Communication Structures of Nectar Foraging in Honey bees (Apis mellifera). Dissertation zur Erlangung des naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades der Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians -Universität Würzburg.

External links
 

Western honey bee behavior
Smart v Her Majesty's Advocate is a Scots law case that effectively excludes the common law doctrine of Volenti non fit injuria from Scots criminal law, when concerning assault. 

The case saw the accused, William Smart, who was charged with assault, lodging the defence that his victim Issac Wilkie has consented to a "square go". Therefore Smart could not be charged with assaulting Wilkie or any injuries arising from the fight.

Facts
In 1974, Smart faced trial at Paisley Sheriff Court, where Sheriff McLean and a jury were in charge. Smart put forth a succinct two-part argument. Initially, he asserted that the victim had willingly participated in the fight and comprehended the potential risks, thus challenging the grounds for an assault charge. Additionally, he claimed to have acted in self-defense. Regrettably, this argument was dismissed due to a lack of substantial evidence. The central unresolved issue revolved around whether consent could serve as a defense against an attack.

Ruling
The sheriff ruled that:

"Now something has been said about consent. I direct you in law that consent—if you in fact were to find that Wilkie had consented in some way to this assault—then that would not be a defence … if the act is criminal it cannot lose its criminal character because the victim consented, and the reason is not far to seek. "

Smart was found guilty of assault by the jury and sentenced to detention for a period of three months.  Smart chose to appeal this decision claiming consent was a defence to a charge of assault on the grounds that both men had chosen to fight without weapons in similar conditions to a boxing match. Smart relied on a passage from Gordon, Criminal Law at page 773, which stated:
 
"If A and B decide to fight each other they cannot be guilty of assaulting each other, so long as neither exceeds the degree of violence consented to or permitted by law."

The appeal was heard on 24 January 1975 in the High court of justiciary, who on appeal held that it was not a defence to a criminal charge of assault that the injuries had been caused in the course of a consensual fight.  The court held that:

"it is in the public interest that it should be decided and made known that consent to a 'square go' is not a defence to a charge of assault based on that agreed combat."

The situation was different from indecent acts or injuries caused in the course of organised sports, such as boxing.

See also
 Operation Spanner

High Court of Justiciary cases
1975 in United Kingdom case law
1975 in Scotland
Scared Scriptless could refer to:

 A late-night improvised comedy show by the Court Jesters staged at the Court Theatre in Christchurch, New Zealand since 1990
 Scared Scriptless Improv, an improvisational comedy troupe in Anchorage, Alaska
The popular student-run improv group at Saint Olaf College
The Arkansas–Texas League was a Minor League Baseball league which operated in three Arkansas and one Texas cities in . The Class D level league had four teams in their lone season. A. J. Kaiser was the president of the league.

History
The Arkansas–Texas League began play in 1906 as a Class D level league with four teams. The Camden Ouachitas of Camden, Arkansas, Hot Springs Vapors of Hot Springs, Arkansas, Pine Bluff Barristers of Pine Bluff, Arkansas and Texarkana Shine-Oners of Texarkana, Texas were the charter members.

On August 25, 1906, Texarkana folded. With three remaining teams, the league folded on August 26, 1906. The Pine Bluff Barristers were in 1st place when the league folded. With a 32-26 record, Pine Bluff was 2.5 games ahead on the 2nd place Camden Ouachitas. In a playoff, Pine Bluff defeated the Hot Springs Vapors 4 games to 1.

Cities represented
Camden Ouachitas (Camden, Arkansas)
Hot Springs Vapors (Hot Springs, Arkansas)
Pine Bluff Barristers (Pine Bluff, Arkansas)
Texarkana Shine-Oners (Texarkana, Texas)

Standings
1906 Arkansas-Texas League
schedule
Texarkana disbanded August 25. The league disbanded August 26. Playoff: Pine Bluff 4 games, Hot Springs 1.

References

External links

Baseball-Reference (Minors)

Defunct minor baseball leagues in the United States
Baseball leagues in Arkansas
Baseball leagues in Texas
Sports leagues established in 1906
Sports leagues disestablished in 1906
Catharina Rosaura "Rosa" Carlén (9 May 1836 in Dalsland – 12 February 1883 in Dals-Ed) was a Swedish author, best remembered for her novels Agnes Tell: en äktenskaps-historia (1861), Tuva (1862), Brölloppet i Bränna: en brottmålshistoria (1863), and Helène: en qvinnas historia (1863).

Life and work 
Rosa Carlén was the child of the Swedish writer Emilie Flygare-Carlén (1807–1892) and the lawyer Jacob Reinhold Dalin (1799–1835), although her father died of gangrene before they had time to marry. Through her father, Rosa Carlén belonged to the Ingevald family. The father was described as "a highly idiosyncratic personality, brilliant, fiery, eccentric and melancholy," and came to have a decisive influence on his fiancée's writing and was the one who encouraged her to start writing. The year after Rosa Carlén's birth, she was adopted by her father's childless relatives, Jonas Bågenholm (1803–1864) and his wife Andriette Charlotta Ekelund (1808–1889), who lived on the farm Onsön in Dals-Ed.

Rosa’s education in Åmål was financed by her mother and the two lived together in Stockholm during the years 1853–1855.

Rosa Carlén wrote several successful novels making her writing debut in 1861 with Agnes Tell. Thereafter, using the pseudonym "author of Agnes Tell," she published the novel Bröllopet i Bränna, which inspired a 1926 film directed by Erik A. Petschler. 

Most of her books were favorably received and translated into Danish and German. However, her career was brief. In eleven years (1861–1873) she published eight books, seven novels and one collection of short stories.

Personal life 
In 1856, Rosa Carlén married the district governor, Swedish jurist and member of parliament, Richard Carlén (1821–1873). After her husband's death, Rosa stopped writing and returned to her home town in Dalsland, where she died in 1883. They are buried at the Northern Cemetery outside Stockholm.

References 

1836 births
1883 deaths
Swedish writers
People from Dalsland
19th-century Swedish writers
Swedish women writers
19th-century novelists
Shush County () is in Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Shush.

At the 2006 census, the county's population was 189,793 in 33,313 households. The following census in 2011 counted 202,762 people in 47,304 households. At the 2016 census the county's population was 205,720, in 55,194 households. Shavur District was separated from Shush County on 16 December 2019 to become Karkheh County. The ancient city of Susa is located in Shush County.

Administrative divisions

The population history and structural changes of Shush County's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table. The latest census shows three districts, seven rural districts, and five cities.

References

External links 
 Hamid-Reza Hosseini, Shush at the foot of Louvre (Shush dar dāman-e Louvre), in Persian, Jadid Online, 10 March 2009, .
 Audio slideshow:  (6 min 31 sec).

 

Counties of Khuzestan Province
Why We Have a Body is the first play by Claire Chafee. It premiered in 1993 at the Magic Theatre in San Francisco, California, and was labeled a "lesbian play". It was then produced for Off-Broadway theatre and was staged in Canada and Australia. In 2011 it was revived at the Magic Theatre. Chafee received the George Oppenheimer Award for Best Emerging Playwright from Newsday.

Plot summary

There are only four characters in the play. Lili, a private detective, is attracted to Renee, a straight paleontologist who is having trouble with her marriage. Lili's sister, Mary, has schizophrenia and as a result, she robs 7-Eleven stores. Mary lives with Lili briefly, until their mother, Eleanor, returns from Central America, and Lili starts an affair with Renee. While this is happening, Mary is arrested for robbery. There is a focus on how their mother's constant traveling has affected the lives of the two sisters.

Background
Why We Have a Body was the first play written by Chafee. When it premiered in 1993 at the Magic Theatre in San Francisco, it was labeled as a lesbian play. An inspiration for the play was Harriet the Spy, a children's novel published in 1964, whose main character Chafee thought of as "the first lesbian I met".

Almost all auditions for the original play were recorded on video. After its first six months, the play was produced for Off-Broadway theatre by the Women's Project Theater and was also staged in Canada and Australia. Chafee has said that she believes people responded strongly to her play because of the tension as the plot goes back and forth between comedy and deep questions.

The play was later shown in 1994 by the Judith Anderson Theatre, 1995 by Tiffany Theater, and in 1997 by The Theatre Conspiracy. It was revived at the Magic Theatre in 2011 through 2012.

Reception
Stephen Holden of The New York Times wrote of the 1994 production, "If Why We Have a Body doesn't offer much in the way of a plot and ends abruptly, that's because it is far more interested in metaphorical speculation about identity – genetic, sexual and mythical – than in telling a story."

In a review of the 1997 production, Lloyd Rose of The Washington Post wrote, "This is the sort of play that can become opaque, coy and annoying very quickly, but playwright Claire Chafee has a gift for language and a sense of humor, and Heather May's direction is cool and clear as spring water."

Christopher Meeks wrote in a review of the 1995 production for Variety, "Why We Have a Body is a rich, dense and sometimes confusing and fragmented piece of material that will reward those with patience."

Awards
Chafee received the George Oppenheimer Award for Best Emerging Playwright from Newsday for her debut. The play also garnered the San Francisco Drama-Logue Award, the Bay Area Critics' Choice Award, and the Princess Grace Special Projects Grant.

References

1993 plays
Off-Broadway plays
Fictional lesbians
Miroslav Zei (25 July 1914 – 2 November 2006) was a Slovene biologist, specialist in marine biology, oceanography and ichthyology.

Zei was born in Nabrežina near Trieste in 1914. He studied Biology at the University of Ljubljana from 1932 to 1936. He specialized at the Oceanographic Institute in Split from 1937 to 1941 where he was also an assistant until 1941 and then senior scientific researcher until 1948 when he was appointed professor at the University of Ljubljana. He lectured until 1962 and then joined a United Nations FAO oceanographic project and worked in Ghana, Tunisia and the Western African coast from Morocco to Zaire until 1975. He was then head of the Marine Biology Station in Piran run by the  of the University of Ljubljana. He died in Drniš in Croatia in 2006.

He wrote numerous scientific texts but also a number of popular science books. He won the Levstik Award twice, in 1952 for his book Iz ribjega sveta (The World of Fish) and in 1957 for Iz življenja sesalcev (The Lives of Mammals).

The Miroslav Zei Award for outstanding scientific achievements in Biology bestowed by the Slovenian National Institute of Biology since 2010 are named after him.

Selected published works

 Življenje Jadrana (Life in the Adriatic), 1947
 Iz ribjega sveta (The World of Fish), 1951
 Jadranske girice (Picarels of the Adriatic), 1951
 Morja bogati zakladi (Rich Treasures of the Sea), 1956
 Pelagic Polychaetes of the Adriatic, 1956
 Morski svet (Marine World), 1956
 Iz življenja sesalcev (The Lives of Mammals), 1957
 Dvoživke in plazilci (Amphibians and Reptiles), 1958
 Zoologija (Zoology), secondary school textbook, 1959
 Človek in ocean (Man and the Ocean), 1961
 Vretenčarji (Vertebrates), 1961
 Skrivnostna bitja globokega morja (Mysterious Creatures of the Deep Sea), 1962
 Morski ribji trg (The Sea Fish Market), 1982
 Jadranske ribe (Fish of the Adriatic), 1984
 Obrazi morja (Faces of the Sea), 1987
 Življenje živali v morju (The Life of Sea Animals), 1988
 Prvi koraki v morje (First Steps Into the Sea), 1998
 Povest o hrbtenici (The Story of the Spinal Cord), with Kazimir Tarman, 1999

References 

1914 births
2006 deaths
Slovenian biologists
Ichthyologists
Levstik Award laureates
University of Ljubljana alumni
Academic staff of the University of Ljubljana
Yugoslav zoologists
King Edward railway station was a railway station at King Edward, King Edward Parish, Aberdeenshire, Scotland on the rural branchline to Macduff. It was opened in 1860 to passengers by the Banff, Macduff and Turriff Junction Railway and was closed to regular passenger traffic in 1951. King Edward was  from the junction at Inveramsay and  above sea level.

History
The name "King Edward" originated from the Scottish Gaelic. The first element "King" or "kin" comes from "Ceann" meaning a headland and "Edward" may refer to "cathair-thalmhainn" that is a "Yarrow" plant in English. Another interpretation is "Head of the Valley". The hamlet where the station was located is now known as "Balchers".

The station served the needs of the local farms in Buchan midway between Turriff and Banff, as well as the King Edward School that stood nearby as did the church and church hall. Passenger services were withdrawn after 30 September 1951. A rail tour visited on 13 June 1960.

Infrastructure
The main station buildings stood on the northern side of the single track line. At first the station only had a single platform, however a passing loop and a second platform were added in 1895. King Edward's signalbox stood on the northern platform on the Plaidy end and was opened on 29 April 1895 and closed on 6 January 1936 when it was replaced by a ground frame. A station house and cottage stood near the church hall.

The station had a pedestrian overbridge and a wooden shelter stood on the southern platform. A road overbridge stood over the line to Plaidy. The goods yard was to the south and was approached from that side; it did not have a crane, but a weighing machine was provided. Two sidings were present with a loading dock.

By 1954 the loop, footbridge and second platform had been removed, however the goods sidings were still in use.

The site today
The station building survives as do some of the railway associated cottages.

References

Notes

Sources 
 
 
 McLeish, Duncan (2014). Rails to Banff, Macduff and Oldmeldrum. Pub. GNoSRA. .

Disused railway stations in Aberdeenshire
Former Great North of Scotland Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1860
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1951
1861 establishments in Scotland
1951 disestablishments in Scotland
The 2014 WNBA draft is the league's annual process for determining which teams receive the rights to negotiate with players entering the league. The draft was held on April 14, 2014 at Mohegan Sun Arena in Uncasville, Connecticut at 8:00 pm EDT. The first round was shown on ESPN2 (HD), with the second and third rounds shown on ESPNU.

Draft lottery
The lottery selection to determine the order of the top four picks in the 2013 draft occurred on December 10, 2013. The draft lottery was televised (during SportsCenter at 6:30 pm ET).

Below were the chances for each team to get specific picks in the 2014 draft lottery, rounded to three decimal places:

Invited players
The WNBA announced on April 10, 2014 that 12 players had been invited to attend the draft. Unless indicated otherwise, all players listed are Americans who played at U.S. colleges.
  Natalie Achonwa, Notre Dame
 Stefanie Dolson, Connecticut
 Markeisha Gatling, N.C. State
 Chelsea Gray, Duke
 Bria Hartley, Connecticut
 Natasha Howard, Florida State
 Kayla McBride, Notre Dame
 Chiney Ogwumike, Stanford
 Shoni Schimmel, Louisville
 Meighan Simmons, Tennessee
 Odyssey Sims, Baylor
 Alyssa Thomas, Maryland

Transactions
 March 1, 2013: The Minnesota Lynx acquired the 2nd round pick of the Tulsa Shock in a trade that sent Candice Wiggins to Tulsa.
 March 11, 2014: The Indiana Fever acquired a first round pick from the Phoenix Mercury as part of the Erin Phillips/Lynetta Kizer transaction.
 March 31, 2014: The Connecticut Sun acquired a first round pick from the Los Angeles Sparks in exchange for Sandrine Gruda.
 April 14, 2014: The Connecticut Sun acquired Alyssa Thomas (the New York Liberty's pick in the first round), Kelsey Bone, and the Liberty's 2015 1st round draft pick, in exchange for Tina Charles
 April 14, 2014: The Washington Mystics acquired Bria Hartley (the Seattle Storm's first round pick) and Tianna Hawkins for Crystal Langhorne

Key

Draft selections

Round 1

Round 2

Round 3

See also 
List of first overall WNBA draft picks

References

External links
 2014 WNBA draft board

Women's National Basketball Association Draft
Draft
WNBA draft
WNBA draft
The Individual competition at the FIS Ski Flying World Championships 2022 was held on 11 and 12 March 2022, with the qualification being held on 10 March.

Qualification
Qualification was held on 10 March 2022 at 15:50.

Results
The first two rounds were held on 11 March at 16:30 and the final rounds on 12 March at 16:30.

References

Individual
Brendan Bradley may refer to:

 Brendan Bradley (actor) (born 1983), American actor
 Brendan Bradley (footballer) (born 1950), Irish footballer
Jeckyll & Hyde is the stage name of the Dutch producer Maarten Vorwerk. His first commercial hit, "Frozen Flame", reached #11 on the Dutch Top 40 charts. The second single from The Album, "Freefall", reached #1 in the Dutch Top 40 charts, making it the first instrumental #1 hit in the Netherlands since 1995. "Time Flies", the third single, has also been receiving major airplay on Dutch TV and radio stations.

Discography
 Kick This One (Vinyl, 2005)
 Precious Dreamer (Vinyl, 2005)
 Frozen Flame (EP, 2006)
 Freefall (EP, 2007)
 Time Flies (EP, 2007)
 The Album (Album, 2007)
 Spring Break / Break It Down'' (EP, 2009)

Reception 
Jeckyll & Hyde received two TMF Award nominations in 2007 - the TMF Party Award and the TMF Radio Hit Award - winning the TMF Party Award.

The origin of the name Jeckyll & Hyde comes from the book Strange Case of Dr Jeckyll & Mister Hyde from Robert Louis Stevenson published in 1886.

References

External links 
 Jeckyll & Hyde's Official Site
 Official Biography
 

Techno music groups
Dutch electronic music groups
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Neupokoyev Bight is a bight 30 nautical miles (60 km) wide, indenting the ice shelf that fringes the coast of Queen Maud Land about 20 nautical miles (37 km) northeast of Tsiolkovskiy Island. The feature was photographed from the air by Norwegian Antarctic Expedition in 1958-59 and roughly mapped from these photos. It was also mapped by Soviet Antarctic Expedition in 1961 and named for Konstantin Neupokoev (1884—1924), a naval officer, hydrographer and explorer of the Russian Hydrographic Service in Soviet times who worked in northern polar areas in the 1920s.

Named features 
Several small bay and other features along the Neupokoyev Bight have been named by various expeditions and survey groups.

Proshchaniya Bay and Pryamougol'naya Bay indent the southwest and southeast sides of Neupokoyev Bight, respectively. Both features were photographed from the air by the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition in 1958-59 and roughly mapped from these photos. It was also mapped by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition in 1961. The Soviet expedition named them "Bukhta Proshchaniya" ("farewell bay") and "Bukhta Pryamougol'naya" ("rectangle bay"), respectively.

References

Bays of Queen Maud Land
Princess Martha Coast
Bights (geography)
Curtis Davies (born 17 January 1997) is a Welsh professional rugby league footballer who plays as a hooker for Newcastle Thunder in the Betfred Championship and Wales at international level.

Background
His full-time job is a physical education teacher at Crossley Heath Grammar school.

His twin brother Connor Davies also plays professional rugby league.

Playing career
In 2018 he made his professional debut for Halifax against the London Broncos in Round 7 of the Super League Qualifiers.

International career
He was selected in the Wales 9s squad for the 2019 Rugby League World Cup 9s.

References

External links
Halifax profile
Wales profile
Welsh profile

1997 births
Living people
Halifax R.L.F.C. players
Newcastle Thunder players
Rugby league locks
Rugby league players from Swansea
Villeneuve Leopards players
Wales national rugby league team players
Welsh rugby league players
Welsh schoolteachers
Whitehaven R.L.F.C. players
Workington Town players