Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
A market correction is a rapid change in the nominal price of a commodity, after a barrier to free trade has been removed and the free market establishes a new equilibrium price. It may also refer to several such single-commodity corrections en masse, as a collective effect over several markets concurrently.

Stock market correction 
Stock market correlation refers to the statistical relationship or connection between the price movements of different stocks or financial instruments. It measures how closely the prices of individual securities move in relation to one another. Positive correlation indicates that two or more stocks tend to move in the same direction, meaning they rise or fall together. In contrast, negative correlation suggests that the prices of securities move in opposite directions, so when one stock rises, the other tends to decline.

A stock market correction refers to a 10% pullback in the value of a stock index. Corrections end once stocks attain new highs. Stock market corrections are typically measured retrospectively from recent highs to their lowest closing price. The recovery period can be measured from the lowest closing price to new highs, to recovery. Gains of 10% from the low is an alternative definition of the exit of a correction.

Declines of 20% or more are classified as a bear market.

Understanding stock market correlation is vital for investors and traders as it can provide insights into portfolio diversification, risk management, and asset allocation. By analyzing correlations, investors can assess the potential impact of market movements on their overall portfolio, identify opportunities for hedging or reducing risk, and make informed decisions based on the interplay between different stocks or sectors.

See also 
 Market trend
 Real estate bubble of 1796–1797
 Financial Bubble of 1837
 United States housing market correction
 United States housing bubble

References

 
Financial markets
Financial economics
Investment
Behavioral finance
Capitalism
Alick Isaacs FRS (17 July 1921 – 26 January 1967) was a Scottish virologist.

Background and early life
Isaacs's Jewish paternal grandparents came from Lithuania to escape oppression, and took the surname Isaacs. Alick's father Louis was born in 1890. His parents moved to Wigan and then to the Gorbals area of Glasgow where Isaacs was born.

Professional life
Isaacs earned his Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Glasgow in 1954.

In 1957 he co-discovered interferon with Swiss virologist Jean Lindenmann. He served as the head of the Laboratory for Research on Interferon at the National Institute for Medical Research in 1964–1967. Joyce Taylor-Papadimitriou worked as an early career researcher in his laboratory.

Awards, death and legacy
Isaacs was awarded honours and the Bellahouston Gold Medal for his research on the influenza virus. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1966. He died in 1967, aged 45, of a brain haemorrhage. He was survived by his wife, Susanna Isaacs Elmhirst, a paediatric registrar, who later became a child psychiatrist. A collection of his laboratory notes is held at the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Maryland.

References

1921 births
1967 deaths
Scientists from Glasgow
Fellows of the Royal Society
Scottish Jews
Scottish people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent
Jewish scientists
British virologists
National Institute for Medical Research faculty
20th-century Scottish medical doctors
Medical doctors from Glasgow
Direct to Disc is the second studio album by Australian jazz-fusion band Crossfire released on the Trafalgar Records label and distributed by Warner Music in 1978. It was recorded using the direct to disc recording method, hence the title of the record.

The album was recorded at RCA Australia's North Ryde facility in late 1978. The band set up in RCA's factory, mixing was done in an ABC Radio/TV van positioned in the car park, and audio was fed back to RCA's disc cutting lathe from there. It was Australia's first direct-to-disc recording of the era. The direct-to-disc method had developed internationally as a way to reduce distortion and noise from the use of a tape medium. Then came digital.

Track listing
 It Coitainly Was
 On the Wings of Albatrocity
 Fahannokookin'
 Oddball
 Satie-ated

Personnel
Jim Kelly (guitars)
Mick Kenny (Wurlitzer piano, fluegelhorn)
Ian Bloxsom (percussion)
Don Reid (saxophones, flute)
Greg Lyon (bass)
Doug Gallacher (drums)

References

1978 albums
Warner Music Group albums
Crossfire (band) albums
Chaetodontoplus mesoleucus, the vermiculated angelfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is found in the Indo-West Pacific region.

Description
Chaetodontoplus mesoleucus has blue lips contrasting with its yellow face. There is a black vertical band which runs through the eye. The body has a cinereous area to the rear of the head this shades into a more sizeable black area, which is marked all over with a pattern of yellow speckling. The caudal fin is yellow and the dorsal and anal fins have a vivid blue margin. The pelvic fins are white. The dorsal fin contains 12 spines and 17-18 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 17-18 soft rays. This species attains a maximum total length of .

Distribution
Chaetodontoplus mesoleucus is found in the western Indo-Pacific region. The northernmost part of its range is in southern Japan south through Indonesia west as far as the Mentawai Islands and east to the Bird's Head Peninsula of New Guinea, and south as far northern Australia. Its Australian distribution runs from the reefs off the Kimberley Region of Western Australia south to Varanus Island, as well as the Ashmore Reef in the Timor Sea.

Habitat and biology
Chaetodontoplus mesoleucus is found at depths between . This species lives in reefs on the continental shelf and is rare around oceanic islands. It prefers areas where there is a rich growth of coral in silty inner coastal reefs and lagoons. Its diet comprises sponges, tunicates, and filamentous algae. It is normally encountered in small groups. When alarmed they hide among the coral. Like all other angelfish it is a protogynous hermaphrodite, with all individuals being female initially and the dominant ones changing to males.

Systematics
Chaetodontoplus mesoleucus was first formally described in 1787 by the German naturalist Marcus Elieser Bloch (1723–1799) with the type locality given as Japan. The specific name is a compound of mesos meaning “middle” and leucus meaning “white” which Bloch did not explain, it may refer to how the white front half of body shades into the black rear half in the middle of the flanks. Chaetodontoplus poliourus was formerly considered to be conspecific with this species but it has yellow margined grey caudal fin, yellow pelvic fins and a paler yellow dorsal fin margin.

Utlisation
Chaetodontoplus mesoleucus is exported for use in aquariums, and is one of the most popular aquarium species.

References

External links
 

mesoleucus
Fish described in 1976
Mahakavi Krittibas Ojha (; 1381–1461) was a medieval Bengali poet. His major contribution to Bengali literature and culture was Indian epic Rāmāyaṇa in Bengali. His work, the Śrīrām Pā̃cālī, is popularly known as the Krittivasi Ramayan. His work, edited by Jaygopal Tarkalankar, was published by the Serampore Mission Press.

Life
Krittibas Ojha was born in a Brahmin family at Phulia village of modern-day Nadia district in the Indian state of Paschimbanga (West Bengal). He was the eldest among his father Banamali Ojha's six sons and one daughter.

The word "Krittibas" is an epithet of Hindu god Shiva. It is known that when Krittibas was born, his grandfather Murari Ojha was preparing for a pilgrimage to Chandaneswar in Odisha, hence the child was named after Shiva, the predominant deity of the nearest Odisha pilgrimage to Bengal. At the age of 11, Krittibas was sent to North Bengal (in other opinion, to Nabadwip) for higher studies. After finishing studies he was traditionally honoured by the King of Gauda himself by the offerings of a garland, some sandal water and a silk scarf. Upon returning to his home at Phulia, he translated the Valmiki Ramayana epic & The original Mahabharata epic into Bengali(Sadhu bhasha or Sanskritised Bengali)/. Kritibas Ojha himself later transcipted the Sadhu bhasha or Sanskritised Bengali version of Valmiki Ramayana epic in Chalit bhasha or Simple Bengali version. later on in the 1930s Kazi Nazrul Islam transcipted Sadhu bhasha or Sanskritised Bengali version of Mahabharata epic in Chalit bhasha or Simple Bengali version.

References

1381 births
1461 deaths
Bengali Hindus
Bengali male poets
Hindu poets
People from Nadia district
Poets from West Bengal
Bengali-language writers
15th-century Bengali poets
Chariton Township is an inactive township in Schuyler County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

Chariton Township was erected in 1843, and named after the Chariton River.

References

Townships in Missouri
Townships in Schuyler County, Missouri
1843 establishments in Missouri
Tursunoy Jabborova (born 4 March 2002) is an Uzbekistani weightlifter. She won the silver medal in the women's 87kg event at the 2021 World Weightlifting Championships held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, and the bronze medal at the 2022 edition held in Bogotá, Colombia. She is also a three-time medalist, including two gold medals, at the Junior World Weightlifting Championships.

Career 

In 2019, she won the silver medal in the women's 76kg snatch event at the 6th International Qatar Cup held in Doha, Qatar.

In 2021, she won the gold medal in the women's 87kg event at the Junior World Weightlifting Championships held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. She also won the gold medal in her event at the 2022 Junior World Weightlifting Championships held in Heraklion, Greece.

She won the gold medal in the women's 87kg event at the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games held in Konya, Turkey. She won the bronze medal in her event at the 2022 Asian Weightlifting Championships held in Manama, Bahrain. She won the bronze medal in the women's 87kg event at the 2022 World Weightlifting Championships held in Bogotá, Colombia.

Achievements

References

External links 
 

Living people
2002 births
Place of birth missing (living people)
Uzbekistani female weightlifters
World Weightlifting Championships medalists
Islamic Solidarity Games competitors for Uzbekistan
Islamic Solidarity Games medalists in weightlifting
21st-century Uzbekistani women
The Indian Open is a professional ranking snooker tournament. Matthew Selt is the reigning champion.

History 
The event was introduced in the 2013/2014 season and it is the first ever ranking event to be held in India. The inaugural event was held between 14 and 18 October 2013 at the Le Meridian Hotel in New Delhi. The Billiards and Snooker Federation of India has signed a three-year contract for the tournament. In August 2014, it was announced that the event will be held at the Grand Hyatt in Mumbai. In September 2014, it was announced that the event has been postponed due to the State Election in Maharashtra, with the original dates of 13–17 October 2014 changed to 10–14 March 2015. The qualifying round held at the Barnsley Metrodome in Barnsley was due to take place from 18 to 21 September 2014 and has been moved to 12–13 February 2015.

Although the event was absent from the 2015/16 season it returned for the 2016/17 season, and was held in Hyderabad. For the 2017/18 season the tournament was held in Vishakhapatnam.

Winners

Statistics 
Highest ranked champion: John Higgins (2017) – #2
Lowest ranked champion: Matthew Selt (2019) – #41
Highest break: 147
 Zhou Yuelong (2019)

References

 
2013 establishments in India
Recurring sporting events established in 2013
Snooker ranking tournaments
Snooker competitions in India
Gaston Rebry (29 January 1905 – 3 July 1953) was a Belgian former champion road racing cyclist between 1928 and 1935.

In 1934, Rebry became the third of nine riders to win the Tour of Flanders and Paris–Roubaix in the same year; he also won Paris–Nice that year. Rebry won Paris–Roubaix three times. He also won four stages of the Tour de France.

His son, Gaston Rebry (1933–2007), was also a road-racing cyclist in the 1950s but moved to Canada in 1954 to become a landscape painter. He died on 5 January 2007

Major results

1926
 3rd, Paris–Roubaix
1928
 12th, Overall, Tour de France
 1st, Stage 3, (Cherbourg - Dinan)
1929
 10th, Overall, Tour de France
 yellow jersey as leader of the general classification after stage 8
 1st, Stage 14, (Nice - Grenoble)
1931
 1st, Paris–Roubaix
 4th, Overall, Tour de France
 1st, Stage 23, (Charleville - Malo les Bains, 271 km)
1932
 20th, Overall, Tour de France
 1st, Stage 19, (Charleville - Malo les Bains, 271 km)
1933
 14th, Overall, Tour de France
1934
 1st, Paris–Roubaix
 1st, Tour of Flanders
 1st, Paris–Nice
1935
 1st, Paris–Roubaix

External links 

Official Tour de France results

1905 births
1953 deaths
Belgian male cyclists
Belgian Tour de France stage winners
Sportspeople from West Flanders
People from Ledegem
The internal measurement refers to the quantum measurement realized by the endo-observer. Quantum measurement represents the action of a measuring device on the measured system. When the measuring device is a part of measured system, the measurement proceeds internally in relation to the whole system. This theory was introduced by Koichiro Matsuno and developed by Yukio-Pegio Gunji. They further expanded the original ideas of Robert Rosen and Howard Pattee on the quantum measurement in living systems viewed as natural internal observers that belong to the same scale of the observed objects. According to Matsuno, the internal measurement is accompanied by the redistribution of probabilities that leave them entangled in accordance with the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics by Everett. However, this form of quantum entanglement does not survive in the external measurement in which the mapping to real numbers takes place and the result is revealed in the classical time-space as the Copenhagen interpretation suggests. This means that the internal measurement concept unifies the alternative interpretations of quantum mechanics.

Internal measurement and theoretical biology 
The concept of internal measurement is important for theoretical biology as living organisms can be regarded as endo-observers having their internal self-referential encoding. The internal measurement leads to an iterative recursive process which appears as the development and evolution of the system where any solution is destined to be relative. The evolutionary increase of complexity becomes possible when the genotype emerges as a system distinct from the phenotype and embedded into it, which separates energy-degenerate rate-independent genetic symbols from the rate-dependent dynamics of construction that they control. Evolution in this concept, which is related to autopoiesis, becomes its own cause, a universal property of our world.

Internal measurement and the problem of self 
The self can be attributed to the internal quantum state with entangled probabilities. This entanglement can be held for prolonged times in the systems with low dissipation without demolition. According to Matsuno, organisms exploit thermodynamic gradients by acting as heat engines to drastically reduce the effective temperature within macromolecular complexes which can potentially provide the maintenance of long-living coherent states in the microtubules of nervous system.  The concept of internal measurement develops the ideas of Schrödinger who suggested in "What is life?" that the nature of the self is quantum mechanical, i.e. the self is attributed to an internal state beyond quantum reduction, which generates emergent events by applying quantum reduction externally and observing it.

See also
Endophysics
Interpretations of quantum mechanics
Autopoiesis

References

Philosophical theories
Measurement
In United States tax law history, the  Tariff of 1883 (signed into law on March 3, 1883), also known as the Mongrel Tariff Act by its critics, reduced high tariff rates only marginally, and left in place fairly strong protectionist barriers.

President Chester A. Arthur appointed a commission in May 1882 to recommend how much tariff rates should be reduced.  The issue was controversial during the last three decades of the nineteenth century, making tariff revision a daunting task.  Different constituents argued for opposite measures, often wanting to maintain tariffs on some items while reducing them on others.  Support or opposition to tariffs often broke down along regional lines.

In December 1882, the commission argued for substantial reductions.  Protectionists in Congress by this time recognized that some type of reduction would be politically popular, but wanted to avoid a drastic cut.  Lame-duck Republicans wanted to ensure that a tariff reduction passed before incumbent Democrats assumed control of Congress in the next session and lowered rates by a greater margin.

The result was an enormously complicated and unpopular piece of legislation with no clear vision.  Tariffs on some items were lowered.  Others were inexplicably raised.  Some goods had multiple tariffs rates placed on them to be applied in different locations with no clear reasoning.  Tariff rates were reduced an average 1.47 percent, with most rates remaining around 35-40 percent.

President Arthur was not the most enthusiastic supporter of tariff reduction, but he did feel that some meaningful reduction was needed and he recognized that the changes made by the "Mongrel Tariff" were insufficient. Thus, he directed U.S. Secretary of State Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen to establish reciprocal trade agreements with other nations, especially those with raw material the U.S. needed. The reciprocal trade agreements allowed Arthur to amend the tariff without having to involve himself in a congressional battle over the issue.

Nix v. Hedden
The law exempts fruit but not vegetables, causing tomato importers to file sue claiming that tomatoes are a fruit, resulting in the unanimous U.S. Supreme Court decision in Nix v. Hedden (May 10, 1893) that tomatoes are to be considered a vegetable for purposes of this tariff.

References

Further reading

United States federal trade legislation
1883 in American law
March 1883 events
This list provides an overview of all members of the Volkskammer of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) during the 3rd legislative period (1958–1963).

Composition 
In the Volkskammer election of 1958, according to official figures, 99.87% of the voters supported the proposal put forth by the National Front.

The election did not influence the strength of the factions. Their size was predetermined. The right column of the above table reflects the party affiliations of the members of the FDGB, DFD, FDJ, VdgB, and Kulturbund factions.

Presidium 

 President of the VolkskammerJohannes Dieckmann (LDPD)
 1st Deputy President of the VolkskammerHermann Matern (SED)
 Deputy PresidentsFriedrich Ebert (SED)August Bach (CDU)Ernst Goldenbaum (DBD)Wilhelmine Schirmer-Pröscher (DFD)Grete Groh-Kummerlöw (FDGB)

Faction Leaders 

 SED FactionHermann Matern
 DBD FactionBerthold Rose
 CDU FactionGerald Götting
 LDPD FactionRudolf Agsten
 NDPD FactionWolfgang Rösser
 FDGB FactionRudolf KirchnerGrete Groh-Kummerlöw elected on December 2, 1959
 DFD FactionKatharina Kern
 FDJ FactionHelmut Müller
 Kulturbund FactionErich Wendt
 VdgB/Cooperatives FactionFriedrich Wehmer

Deputies 

Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at :de:Liste der Mitglieder der Volkskammer der DDR (3. Wahlperiode); see its history for attribution.

Sources 
Volkskammer der DDR Protokolle der Sitzungen der Volkskammer in der 3. Wahlperiode 1958–1963
Volkskammer der DDR Handbuch der Volkskammer der DDR 3. Wahlperiode  Kongreß-Verlag Berlin, 1959

References

Volkskammer members
Government of East Germany
List
Volk
Volk
Lists of national legislators
1958 in East Germany
Volkskammer
The Cape St. Paul Lighthouse was built in 1901 near Woe, Ghana.

It has a skeletal pyramidal base with the upper third enclosed and housing the lantern and gallery.

See also

 List of lighthouses in Ghana

References

Lighthouses completed in 1901
Lighthouses in Ghana
Alex Cooper may refer to:

 Alex Cooper (architect), American architect
 Alex Cooper (footballer), Scottish footballer
 Alex Cooper (sailor), sailor from Bermuda

See also
 Trapped: The Alex Cooper Story, a 2019 American biographical drama television film
 Alexander Cooper, English Baroque miniature painter
 Alexandra Cooper, host of Call Her Daddy podcast.
The Changeling () is a 2000 novel by Kenzaburō Ōe. It is the first book of a trilogy. A translation into English by Deborah Boliver Boehm (), was published in 2010 by Grove Press in the United States and by Atlantic Books in the United Kingdom. Boehm uses American English heavily in her translation.

Plot
In the novel, a filmmaker named Goro Hanawa commits suicide, although he had appeared to be happy. His best friend, a novelist named Kogito Choko who is also his brother-in-law, discovers the suicide via one of 40 audiotapes that Goro recorded and sent to him. Chikashi Choko, Goro's sister and Kogito's wife, also learns that Goro has died. Kogito listens to the tapes and, in the words of Scott Espositom reviewing the novel in the Los Angeles Times, "What he finds is a rambling series of discourses on everything from the friendship they've shared since they were teens in the 1950s to Goro's ideas about art and life, their shared admiration for Rimbaud and a few secrets from the past."

Characters
 : the main character
 The name "Kogito" is a reference to the phrase Cogito ergo sum coined by Descartes. Kogito is based on Kenzaburō Ōe himself and his son is based on Ōe's son Hikari Ōe.
 : a film director who is Kogito's brother-in-law and best friend
 Goro is based on Juzo Itami, who was Ōe's brother in law.
 : Goro's sister and Kogito's wife
Daio: the one-armed leader of a band of young right-wingers led by Kogito's father until 1945
Peter: a homosexual U.S. Army officer serving in Japan in 1952
Mitsu Azuma-Böme: an older Japanese woman who seeks Kogito out in Berlin
: Kogito's son, a disabled composer
Akari is based on Ōe's son Hikari Ōe.
Ura Shima: Goro's teenage lover in Berlin one year before his suicide

Reception
Scott Esposito wrote in the Los Angeles Times that the book "offers evidence that the Japanese master has regained his footing". Christopher Tayler wrote in The Guardian that, because a Western reader may not have context that a Japanese reader would have, it would be more difficult for him or her to get fulfillment from the novel.

References

External links

 Atlantic Books page about the novel.The Changeling – 
 Review of the novel by Chad W. Post in Three Percent, University of Rochester. 
Man Asian Literary Prize – Kenzaburo Oe
 Magill's Literary Annual 2011 The Changeling

2000 Japanese novels
Japanese mystery novels
Novels by Kenzaburō Ōe
Novels set in Japan