Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The siege of Geldern was one of the first military confrontations between France and Prussia during the Seven Years' War. Surrounded by an advancing French army, the Prussian garrison of Geldern surrendered after a four-month siege.

Background

In the wake of the Diplomatic Revolution of 1756 and the subsequent First Treaty of Versailles, France agreed to a defensive pact with its new ally, Austria, if either were attacked by Great Britain or Prussia.

On 29 August 1756, Prussia launched a pre-emptive invasion of the Austrian ally of Saxony, starting the Third Silesian War, and therefore drawing France into the new conflict.

The invasion led to the signing of the Second Treaty of Versailles between Austria and France on 1 May 1757. In the treaty, France promised to strengthen its commitment to their existing alliance by raising an army in Flanders to invade Prussia from the west. However, France had already been assembling troops in Flanders as early as March to invade the British ally of Hanover.

With the French invasion of Hanover looming, Frederick II of Prussia ordered for the Prussian fortress of Wesel to be evacuated in early 1757, and its garrison sent to join the assembling Hanoverian Army of Observation, leaving the garrison of Geldern on the western extremity of the Kingdom of Prussia isolated.

The garrison of Geldern exchanged fire with French hussars on 25 March, and would later fall under a full siege when the French surrounded the town on 14 April.

Siege

The Prussians attempted to flood the approaches to the fortifications, but were only partly successful. During the siege, part of the mostly-foreign Prussian garrison mutinied, although this was swiftly dealt with by von Salmuth. The garrison finally surrendered on 23 August and, in recognition of its stubborn defence, was allowed by Beausobre to withdraw to the Prussian stronghold of Magdeburg unmolested.

Aftermath
Although the siege had delayed part of the French army for several months, its conclusion allowed them to rejoin the rest of French army in the invasion of Hanover. By the time the Prussians reached Magdeburg on 4 October, almost all of the original Geldern garrison had deserted along the way.

Citations

Sources

 

Campaigns of the Seven Years' War
1757 in Europe
1757 in military history
Conflicts in 1757
Kingdom of Prussia
Hanover 1757
1757 in the Holy Roman Empire
Hanover 1757
Shaphat (; Latin and Douay–Rheims: Saphat) of Abel-meholah:  a man in the Bible, father of Elisha.

Books of Kings people
The Cheiridioidea are a superfamily of pseudoscorpions. The superfamily contains two families:

Cheiridiidae
Sternophoridae

References

 

 
Arachnid superfamilies
STANAG 4140 - Adoption of a Standard Target Acquisition Meteorological Message (METTA) is a NATO Standardization Agreement to provide meteorological information such as refractive index, temperature, pressure and cloud cover for remotely piloted vehicles, drones, weapon locating radars and sound ranging systems.

The custodian of this STANAG is the MILMET panel, formerly BMWG, within NATO Headquarters.  The most recent promulgated copy is Edition 2, dated 28 May 2001.
Edition 2 was cancelled in May 2019 and is superseded by STANAG 6015.

STANAG 4140 relates to other Standardization Agreements in the areas of ballistics and meteorology, as shown in the attached pictorial representation (also shown in slide 4 of the following presentation)

References

External links 
 British Artillery Fire Control (Meteor)
 Vaisala DigiCORA Sounding System MW31 for Portable Applications
 Groundstation GS-B
 Digitest Elektronik MT1000
 FATDS MET Message Support

4140
Tollius is a genus of broad-headed bugs in the family Alydidae. There are at least four described species in Tollius.

Species
These four species belong to the genus Tollius:
 Tollius curtulus (Stål, 1859)
 Tollius quadratus Van Duzee, 1921
 Tollius setosus Van Duzee, 1906
 Tollius vanduzeei Torre-Bueno, 1940

References

Alydinae
Pentatomomorpha genera
Snake Handlin' Man is a 1995 album by American folk singer Dave Carter.  This was his solo debut prior to his very successful partnership with fiddler, Tracy Grammer (see Dave Carter and Tracy Grammer).  The duo re-recorded "The River Where She Sleeps" for their 1998 album When I Go, and "Cowboy Singer" for their 2000 release, Tanglewood Tree.  Prior to Carter's death in 2002 the duo re-recorded the remaining nine songs and two new songs.  The resulting final album, Seven is the Number was released in 2006.

Track listing 
All songs written by Dave Carter
 "Cowboy Singer" 
 "Snake-Handlin' Man" 
 "Red (Elegy)"
 "The Promised Land" 
 "Hey Tonya"
 "The River Where She Sleeps"
 "Long Black Road Into Tulsa Town" 
 "Texas Underground"
 "Workin' For Jesus"
 "Gun-Metal Eyes"
 "Sarah Turn 'Round"

Credits 
 Dave Carter – vocals, guitar and banjo
 Dana Denton – vocals and percussion
 Arlene Hale – bass and vocals
 Carolyn Laster – accordion and vocals
 Susan Martin; vocals
 Eric Park – harmonica
 Nancy Young-Mathisen – vocals and keys
 Troy Mathisen – Engineer

External links 
 Music page at official Dave Carter and Tracy Grammer web site (lyrics and sound samples)
 Music page at official Tracy Grammer web site (lyrics and sound samples)

Notes and sources 

1995 debut albums
Dave Carter and Tracy Grammer albums
Self-released albums
William Gordon Cornwallis Eliot, 4th Earl of St Germans (14 December 1829 – 19 March 1881), known as Lord Eliot from 1864 to 1877, was a British diplomat and Liberal politician. He was also a president of the Church of England Society for the Maintenance of the Faith.

Life and career
Eliot was born at Port Eliot, Cornwall, the third but eldest surviving son of Edward Granville Eliot, 3rd Earl of St Germans, and his wife Jemima (née Cornwallis). He was educated at Eton College and then joined the Diplomatic Service. His assignments included:

 Attaché at Hanover from 1849 to 1853
 Attaché at Lisbon from 1851 to 1853
 2nd Paid Attaché at Berlin from 1853 to 1857
 1st Paid Attaché at Constantinople from 1857 to 1858
 1st Paid Attaché at Saint Petersburg from 1858 to 1859
 Secretary of Legation at Rio de Janeiro in 1859
 Secretary of Legation at Athens from 1859 to 1861
 Secretary of Legation at Lisbon from 1860 to 1861 
 Chargé d'Affaires at Rio de Janeiro from 1861 to 1863
 Acting Secretary of Legation at Washington, D.C. from 1863 to 1864

He resigned in 1865 and was elected Member of Parliament for Devonport in 1866, a seat he held until 1868. In 1870 he was summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration in his father's junior title of Baron Eliot. Lord St Germans died unmarried in March 1881, aged 51 and is buried, near his mother, at Kensal Green Cemetery. He was succeeded by his younger brother, Henry.

References

External links
 
 
 

St Germans, William Gordon Cornwallis Eliot, 4th Earl of
St Germans, William Gordon Cornwallis Eliot, 4th Earl of
St Germans, William Gordon Cornwallis Eliot, 4th Earl
St Germans, William Gordon Cornwallis Eliot, 4th Earl of
Earls of St Germans
William Gordon Eliot
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
People from St Germans, Cornwall
UK MPs 1865–1868
Saint Germans, E4
Maretha Maartens (22 June 1945), is a South African author, freelance journalist and editor who writes children's and religious books that deal with the discrimination of blacks, especially of women and children. In 1993, she received an award for children's books of the Catholic Church of Austria.

Biographies
Maretha Maartens was born at Bloemfontein and grew up in Jacobsdal and Petrusburg. She graduated from the University of the Orange Free State and at Stellenbosch University and she obtained a diploma in nursing. Maartens worked as an editor at Finesse magazine.

She is the author of more than 150 books, many of which have been translated into Dutch, English and German.

Maartens has two children, Danila and Naomi, and is married to Hennie Maartens, a pastor.

References

External links 
 Books by Maretha Maartens
 Maretha Maartens' works at amazon.com

1945 births
South African writers
Living people
University of the Free State alumni
Stellenbosch University alumni
Lytton may refer to:

Places

Australia 
 Lytton, Queensland
 Lytton Reach, a reach of the Brisbane River
 Electoral district of Lytton, Queensland

Canada 
 Lytton, British Columbia, named for Edward Bulwer-Lytton
 Lytton Mountain, aka Mount Lytton (named for the town of Lytton)
 Lytton Township, since 2001 part of Montcerf-Lytton, Quebec

United States of America 
 Lytton, California
 Lytton, Iowa
 Lytton, Ohio
 Lytton, West Virginia

Fictional 
 Lytton, California, a city in Police Quest computer game series

People
A number of important people have held the name Lytton, both as a surname and as a first name, as in Lytton Strachey.
 Lytton (surname)
 Lytton Strachey
 Earl of Lytton (being Edward Bulwer-Lytton and his progeny agnatic, a family named Lytton)

Other uses 
 Lytton Strachey
 Lytton First Nation, aka the Lytton Band, a band government of the Nlaka'pamux people, centred at Lytton, British Columbia
 Lytton High School, a co-educational secondary school in Gisborne, New Zealand
 Lytton Statistical Area, part of the Gisborne suburb of Riverdale, New Zealand
 Lytton (sternwheeler), a lake steamer in British Columbia, Canada
 Henry C. Lytton & Co., popularly called "Lytton's", a department store chain

See also 
 
 
 Litton (disambiguation)
Emo (from the ) is a village in County Laois, Ireland. It is located near Portlaoise on the R422 regional road just off the M7 Dublin–Limerick motorway.

History
The late 18th century village of Emo originally developed around the gates of Emo Court. The village pub, the New Inn (now called the "Gate House"), dates from the village's foundation, as does the Gothic Catholic Church, which contains the tomb of Aline, Lady Portarlington, with its recumbent effigy by Joseph Boehm. The site for the church was a gift from Lord Portarlington, and the parochial house and lands beside the church were granted by the Earl of Portarlington at a nominal rent.

Emo Court was designed in 1790 by architect James Gandon for the first Earl of Portarlington and is a well-known example of the neoclassical style.

There is a namesake town in Ontario named after this village by an Irish immigrant from the area.

Sport
Emo GAA is the local Gaelic Athletic Association club.

Oil
The Emo Oil Company is based in Portlaoise and named after the village. The brand is used by several divisions of DCC Plca and DCC is the largest oil distributor in Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

See also
 List of towns and villages in Ireland

References

Towns and villages in County Laois
Townlands of County Laois
Operation Valiant Guardian began in 2007 and was part of the Iraq War.

Background
Regimental Combat Team 2 and elements of the Iraqi Army's 7th Division completed Operation Harris Ba’sil after eight weeks of interdicting and disrupting enemy routes and safe havens outside of the major cities of the Euphrates River valley in western al Anbar province.

The operation, dubbed "Valiant Guardian", involved nearly 4,000 marines, soldiers and sailors covering most of the  of RCT-2's operating area.

"We uncovered over 250 caches, arrested over 250 suspected insurgents and discovered over 100 improvised explosive devices,” said Lt. Col. Michael Manning, operations officer for RCT-2. "We clearly surprised them, the number of caches and detainees attest to that but more importantly, we let the enemy know that they can’t hide from us."

This marked the first large scale operation for RCT-2 this year, supporting Multi-National Force – Iraq's Operation Farhd al Qanoon and utilizing the surge battalions sent to the Anbar Province. RCT-2's operating area stretches from the Syrian border city of Al Qa’im down to the town of Hit, located northwest of Ramadi.

Units

United States Units
Regimental Combat Team 2

Iraqi Units
7th Division

References

External links
 Corps Press Release dated 15 April 2007; Story ID#: 2007415756

Military operations of the Iraq War involving the United States
Military operations of the Iraq War involving Iraq
Military operations of the Iraq War in 2007
United States Marine Corps in the Iraq War
Tehvandi Sports Center () is a complex of sports facilities in Otepää Parish, Estonia.

It includes multi-purpose stadium (athletics and football), ski stadium, ski jumping hill K90 and biathlon shooting ranges.

History 
It has been a site for FIS Cross-Country World Cup 15 times, first held in 1999 and most recently in the 2018–19 season.

In 2011, it held the Nordic Junior World Ski Championships.

It was scheduled to become a site for the Nordic combined World Cup event in the 2017–18 season, but was cancelled due to lack of snow and warm temperatures. It successfully hosted the event in the next season.

In 2018, it held the Biathlon Junior World Championships.

In March 2022, it hosted the Biathlon World Cup event for the first time.

2027 Biathlon World Championships will be held in Otepää.

Gallery

References

External links

 

Sports venues in Estonia
Otepää Parish
Ski areas and resorts in Estonia
During regular archaeological excavations, several flutes that date to the European Upper Paleolithic were discovered in caves in the Swabian Alb region of Germany. Dated and tested independently by two laboratories, in England and Germany, the artifacts are authentic products of the Aurignacian archaeological culture. The Aurignacian flutes were created between 43,000 and 35,000 years ago. The flutes, made of bone and ivory, represent the earliest known musical instruments and provide unmistakable evidence of prehistoric music.

The flutes were found in caves with the oldest known examples of figurative art. Music and sculpture as artistic expression have developed simultaneously among the first humans in Europe, as the region is considered a key area in which various cultural innovations have developed. In addition to recreational and religious purposes, such ritual music might have helped to maintain larger social networks. This may have provided a competitive advantage over the Neanderthals.

Early flutes

In 2006, the Hohle Fels flute was discovered in the Hohle Fels cave in Germany's Swabian Alb. The flute is made from a vulture radius bone perforated with five finger holes, and dates to approximately 35,000 years ago. Several years before, two flutes made of mute swan bone and one made of woolly mammoth ivory were found in the nearby Geissenklösterle cave. The team that made the Hohle Fels discovery wrote that these finds were, at the time, the earliest evidence of humans being engaged in musical culture. They suggested music may have helped to maintain bonds between larger groups of humans, and that this may have helped the species to expand both in numbers and in geographical range. In 2012, a fresh high-resolution carbon dating examination revealed an age of 42,000 to 43,000 years for the Geissenklösterle cave flutes, suggesting that they could be older than the one from the Hohle Fels cave.

The artifact known as the Divje Babe flute, which was discovered in Slovenia in 1995, has also been suggested as the oldest Paleolithic flute, though this claim has been disputed. The artifact is 
AMS-14C dated to 43100 ± 700 year old cave bear femur pierced with spaced holes. Later dating using the more powerful ESR method has shown that the layer containing the flute is outside the dating range of the AMS-14C method and that the original dating of samples from this layer was incorrect. According to ESR dating, the age of the flute is now estimated at 50,000 to 60,000 years BP. Its discoverer suggested the holes were manmade and that there may have been four originally before the item was damaged. However, other scientists have argued that the holes were chewed by an animal.

See also
Art of the Upper Paleolithic

References

External links
 35.000 Jahre alte Flöten gefunden (in German), swr.de, Retrieved on June 29, 2009 

Ancient music
Upper Paleolithic
Flutes
Bone carvings

pt:Flautas paleolíticas
USS Michigamme (AOG-64), was a type T1  built for the US Navy during World War II. She was named after the Michigamme River, in Michigan.

Construction
Michigamme was laid down on 30 December 1944, under a Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MC hull 2625, by the St. Johns River Shipbuilding Company, Jacksonville, Florida; sponsored by Miss Elaine Jeanne Crouch; acquired by the US Navy and commissioned 10 August 1945.

Service history
Assigned to the Atlantic Fleet, Michigame with a Coast Guard crew reported to Commander, Service Force, 20 September 1945, for oiler duties off Norfolk, Virginia, until she decommissioned 23 January 1946. The next day she was delivered to the War Shipping Administration (WSA) to serve the Maritime Commission as Black Bayou. Before she could see service as Black Bayou she was sold to the Argentine Navy 22 March 1948, and commissioned in the Argentine Navy as Punta Ninfas (B‑15). She was sold for commercial service in 1958, and renamed Moises. She was sold for scrapping in 1964.

References

Bibliography

External links 
 Auke Visser's Famous T - Tankers Pages

 

Klickitat-class gasoline tankers
Ships built in Jacksonville, Florida
1945 ships
Ships transferred from the United States Navy to the Argentine Navy
James River Reserve Fleet
The latest HMS Warspite was the third of Britain's nuclear-powered submarines, and the second (and final) of the . After entering service in 1967 she collided with a Soviet submarine the following year. A mechanical failure associated with the submarine's nuclear reactor in 1991 led to the boat being laid up at HMNB Devonport where she awaits disposal.

Operational history
The second Valiant-class submarine, to be called Warspite, was ordered from Vickers-Armstrong's Barrow shipyard on 12 December 1962, and was laid down on 10 December 1963. She was launched on 25 September 1965 by Mary Wilson, the wife of the then British Prime Minister Harold Wilson, and entered service on 18 April 1967.

In October 1968 whilst following a Soviet boat identified as an Echo II-class submarine, Warspite collided with the stern and propellers of that boat. Warspite suffered damage to her fin but after surfacing to inspect damage was able to submerge and return home, and later sail to Barrow for proper repairs. On 2 May 1976, Warspite was alongside in Liverpool, when she suffered a fire in her diesel generator room, in one of the most serious incidents the Royal Navy's nuclear submarines have encountered. The fire filled the aft end of the submarine with dense smoke, making it very difficult for the submarine's crew to monitor the status of the reactor, and Warspites commanding officer considered scuttling the submarine in the event that a reactor accident did develop. The fire was eventually extinguished with the aid of civilian firefighters from the Liverpool Fire Brigade after 4 hours. The submarine's Marine Engineering Officer, Lieutenant Commander Tim Cannon, was awarded the Queen's Gallantry Medal for his role in the response to the fire.   

Warspite underwent a two-year refit, which was nearing completion just as the Falklands War with Argentina started. After the war ended she carried out a record breaking patrol around the Falkland Islands and the Argentine coast. Warspite conducted the longest duration submerged submarine patrol made public from the dates of 25 November 1982 to 15 March 1983. A total of 111 days was spent submerged and unsupported, covering .
 
The submarine was decommissioned due to mechanical failure associated with the reactor in 1991. Mainly operated out of HMNB Clyde, at Faslane (the former Clyde Submarine Base) with the Third Submarine Squadron. Her hull and reactor are currently laid up afloat at Devonport Dockyard, Plymouth until facilities are available for the long term storage of her radioactive components.

Notable commanders of this vessel include Sandy Woodward. Woodward went on to command the Falklands Conflict battle group, became Commander-in-Chief Naval Home Command and rose to the rank of admiral.

References

Publications

 

Valiant-class submarines
Barents Sea
1965 ships
Cold War submarines of the United Kingdom
Los Alegres de Terán were a Mexican Norteño band. They were formed in Nuevo León when Eugenio Abrego and Tomas Ortiz met in a club in the mid-1940s focusing their activities around the area of Monterrey, Reynosa, and finally settling in McAllen, Texas.

Beginning with their first record in 1948, "Corrido de Pepito", Los Alegres de Terán were pioneers of norteño style duets singing corridos, rancheras and norteño songs.  Their first record was for Falcon Records.  Soon they recorded for Orfeo Records of Mexico, which brought them wider recognition as that label heavily promoted them in Mexico City and Monterrey.  They recorded more albums and had hits with many songs, including  "Carta Jugada", "Alma Enamorada", and "Entre Copa y Copa".  Later they would record for the Mexican branch of Columbia Records and for Del Valle Records.  The duo also took part in cross-marketing moves, including a spot on the bill in the first Polka Festival which was  held in Chicago in the mid-1960s. The group also had an appearance in several films, including Pueblito, a 1961 melodrama directed by Emilio Fernandez.

Los Alegres de Terán were inducted into the Tejano Conjunto Hall of Fame in 1983. Abrego died five years later. 

When Abrego died, Tomas Ortiz was in search for a new singing partner.  He met the Delgadillo brothers.  Francisco Delgadillo and Samuel Delgadillo were not only brothers they played together for many years under a different group name known as Los Hermanos Delgadillo de Zacatecas. The Brothers joined Tomas and they worked as a group as Los Alegres De Terán.  Francisco Delgadillo sang songs with Tomas and Samuel played the accordion. Together they traveled in the US and Mexico to hold concerts and benefit concerts, recorded songs as Los Alegres de Terán such as the CD by the name of "Que Chulada de Mujer." They were successful as a group.  Tomas Ortiz died in November 2007.  Francisco Delgadillo died in July 2013.

See also 
 Norteño (music)

References

Mexican musical groups
Musical groups from Nuevo León
People from General Terán, Nuevo León
Columbia Records artists
Pareutropius longifilis is a species of fish in the family Schilbeidae. It is found in Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania where it occurs in rivers north of and in the Ruvuma River system, Lake Chiuta and Lake Chilwa. Its natural habitats are freshwater lakes and intermittent freshwater lakes.  This species grows to a length of  TL.

References

 

Pareutropius
Fish of Africa
Fish of Mozambique
Fish of Tanzania
Fish of Malawi
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Fish described in 1914
Danny Thompson (May 23, 1967) is an American musician from Naperville, IL.  Thompson has been the drummer for the punk rock band Face to Face since 2008.

Career
Danny Thompson joined Face to Face in 2008 when the band reunited since Drummer Pete Parada had already joined The Offspring The year before  Prior to playing with Face to Face, Thompson drummed for Material Issue, The Uprising and Why We Kill. 

He has recently recorded some parts of Alan Parson's new album "From the new world", issued on July 15, 2022

Business Interests
In addition to drumming in Face to Face, Thompson is the co-owner of Music Factory School of Music in Costa Mesa, CA and runs a line of men's grooming products called Old Ironsides Gentlemen's Care.

Musical Equipment
Thompson uses LTD Classic Maple drums and Sabian cymbals.

Discography
with Face to Face
Laugh Now, Laugh Later (2011)
Three Chords and a Half Truth (2013)
Protection (2016)

References

1967 births
Living people
American rock drummers
Face to Face (punk band) members
20th-century American drummers
American male drummers
20th-century American male musicians