Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
We Pierce is a 2003 novel by Andrew Huebner.  It tells the story of two brothers, Smith and Sam.  Smith leads a tank company into battle in Iraq during the Gulf War, while Sam protests the war and struggles with alcohol and narcotic abuse.

References

2003 novels
Novels set during the Gulf War
The trade-weighted effective exchange rate index, a common form of the effective exchange rate index, is a multilateral exchange rate index. It is compiled as a weighted average of exchange rates of home versus foreign currencies, with the weight for each foreign country equal to its share in trade. Depending on the purpose for which it is used, it can be export-weighted, import-weighted, or total-external trade weighted.

The trade-weighted effective exchange rate index is an economic indicator for comparing the exchange rate of a country against those of their major trading partners. By design, movements in the currencies of those trading partners with a greater share in an economy's exports and imports will have a greater effect on the effective exchange rate. In a multilateral, highly globalized, world, the effective exchange rate index is much more useful than a bilateral exchange rate, such as that between the Australian dollar and the United States dollar, for assessing changes in the competitiveness due to exchange rate movements.  

Generally, the weighting method is geometric weighting rather than arithmetic weighting.  Refer to weighted geometric mean. The use of trade weights in a globalized economy is potentially misleading, because the amount of value added content in exports destined for a country may deviate significantly from the gross value of exports shipped to that country.  See the entry under effective exchange rate index for an alternative approach to compiling an effective exchange rate index.

The interpretation of the effective exchange rate is that if the index rises, other things being equal, the purchasing power of that currency also rises (the currency strengthened against those of the country's or area's trading partners). That will reduce the cost of imports but will undermine the competitiveness of exports. Other things refer, in particular, to the relative inflation rates of the economy as compared to the inflation rates of its trading partners. To account for all effects of relative inflation rates, the real effective exchange rate index is compiled as the product of the effective exchange rate index and the relative price index between the home economy and the trading partners.

References

External links
Monthly data from U.S. Federal Reserve: Monthly Rates
Data from Bank for International Settlements: effective exchange rate indices
Effective exchange rates of the euro from the European Central Bank: data, methodology

Index numbers
Economic indicators
Foreign exchange market
Vasili Vladimirovich Pichul (; 15 June 1961 – 26 July 2015) was a Soviet and Russian film director, best known for his film Little Vera (Маленькая Вера, "Malenkaya Vera" in Russian), released in 1988. His film How Dark the Nights Are on the Black Sea was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1990 Cannes Film Festival.

He died of lung cancer.

Selected filmography
 Little Vera (1988)
 How Dark the Nights Are on the Black Sea (1989)

References

External links

1961 births
2015 deaths
Soviet film directors
Russian film directors
Academicians of the Russian Academy of Cinema Arts and Sciences "Nika"
Comedy Knockout is an American standup comedy game show television series. The show debuted on April 21, 2016. It is currently airing on truTV. In the show, which is hosted by Damien Lemon, the contestants attempt to win points with stand up comedy based on audience reaction. A frequent theme is roasting.

References

External links

2010s American stand-up comedy television series
2016 American television series debuts
English-language television shows
Television series by 3 Arts Entertainment
Television series by Embassy Row (production company)
TruTV original programming
Escoumins may refer to:

Toponyms

Canada

Quebec 
Les Escoumins, a municipality of Côte-Nord (North-Shore)
 Petits-Escoumins, a hamlet of the municipality Les Escoumins
 Township Les Escoumins (designated « Escoumins » in the past), a township located in Les Escoumins
 Escoumins River, a river in the municipality of Les Escoumins
 Petits-Escoumins River, a river flowing in the municipality of Les Escoumins
 Zec de la Rivière-des-Escoumins, a zone d'exploitation contrôlée (controlled harvesting zone) located in Les Escoumins
 Escoumins Bay, a bay located in municipality of Les Escoumins
 Large sandbar Escoumins (Grande batture des Escoumins), a sandbar of St. Lawrence River located in municipality of Les Escoumins
 Rare forest of Escoumins (Forêt rare des Escoumins), an exceptional forest ecosystem located in the municipality of Les Escoumins
 Escoumins Power Station, a station of power distribution, located in municipality of Les Escoumins
 Lake Small-Escoumins, located in the unorganized territory of the Lac-au-Brochet, in administrative region of Côte-Nord (North-Shore)
 Escoumins Dam, a dam built in La Tuque, in Mauricie
 Des Escoumins street located in Gatineau, in administrative region of Outaouais
 Des Escoumins street, located in Terrebonne, in administrative region of Lanaudière
 Des Escoumins street, located in Quebec, in administrative region of Capitale-Nationale

Anciens noms 
Les Escoumins, Quebec (Indian reserve), old name of actual Indian Reserve of Essipit, Quebec on Côte-Nord (North-Shore)
 Lake des Escoumins, old name of Bastien Lake, located in La Tuque
An elevator test tower is a structure usually 100 to over 200 metres (300 feet to over 600 feet) tall that is designed to evaluate the stress and fatigue limits of specific elevator cars in a controlled environment.  Tests are also carried out in the test tower to ensure reliability and safety in current elevator designs and address any failures that may arise.  Examples of an elevator test tower are the National Lift Tower in Northampton, England, the  Solae Tower in Inazawa, Japan, and the Rottweil Test Tower in Germany (owned by ThyssenKrupp).

In 1888, Otis completed an elevator test tower at their factory in Yonkers, New York; this was possibly the first elevator test tower in the United States.

See also
 List of elevator test towers

References

Towers
Test Tower
The Zermatt Marathon is an annual marathon distance (42.195 km) alpine mountain running event held in Zermatt, Switzerland.

Winners

See also
 Marathon du Mont Blanc

References

External links
 

Marathons in Switzerland
Mountain marathons
Golden Trail Series
Ricky Nelson is the second album by teen idol Ricky Nelson, released in 1958. The album charted in the top 10 of the Billboard albums chart.

Musical content
The album contained Ricky Nelson's first composition, "Don't Leave Me This Way", and a track written by his lead guitarist James Burton along with bass player James Kirkland called "There Goes My Baby". The album also included a cover of Fats Domino's "I'm in Love Again", along with a cover of Roy Orbison's "Down the Line". Also included were covers of then-recent hits and older songs updated for his style.  The Jordanaires provide backing vocals.

Track listing
"Shirley Lee" (Bobby Lee Trammell) – 2:00
"Someday (You'll Want Me to Want You)" (Jimmie Hodges) – 2:51
"There's Good Rockin' Tonight" (Roy Brown) – 1:50
"I'm Feelin' Sorry" (Jack Clement) – 2:19
"Down the Line" (Roy Orbison, Phillips) – 2:33
"Unchained Melody" (Alex North, Hy Zaret) – 2:21
"I'm in Love Again" (Dave Bartholomew, Fats Domino) – 2:20
"Don't Leave Me This Way" (Ricky Nelson) – 2:29
"My Babe" (Willie Dixon) – 2:33
"I'll Walk Alone" (Sammy Cahn, Jule Styne) – 2:39
"There Goes My Baby" (James Burton, James Kirkland) – 2:15
"Poor Little Fool" (Sharon Sheeley) – 2:33

Reception

A review by AllMusic said that Ricky Nelson "remained a slavish imitator of the Sun Records rockabilly style on his sophomore long-player, but he had improved enormously in the endeavor", and gave the album a positive rating.

References

1958 albums
Ricky Nelson albums
Pop rock albums by American artists
Imperial Records albums
Bović () is a village in central Croatia, in the municipality of Gvozd, Sisak-Moslavina County. It is connected by the D6 highway.

Demographics
According to the 2011 census, the village of Bović has 91 inhabitants. This represents 29.07% of its pre-war population, according to the 1991 census.

According to the 1991 census,  97.13% of the village population were ethnic Serbs (304/313),  0.95% were ethnic Croats (3/313), while 1.92% were of other ethnic origin (6/313).

References

Populated places in Sisak-Moslavina County
Serb communities in Croatia
Lago di Prà della Stua is a barrier lake in Trentino, Italy. The lake is at an elevation of 1050 m and retains the waters of the stream Torrente Aviana close to the country road Strada Provinciale dei Dossioli. Besides the Lago di Loppio this is the only major body of water in the Monte Baldo massif.

Pra della Stua
Garda Mountains
Longevity medicine is a set of preventive healthcare practices that rely on biomarkers of aging, such as aging clocks, to keep the patient's biological and psychological age as near to peak performance as feasible throughout life. Biogerontology and precision medicine are some of the related fields. As of early 2020s it is a "fast developing field", according to an article in a Lancet specialty journal.

In the first decade of the 21st century, what was called "age management medicine" was considered a field of alternative medicine, and, as of 2007, was not recognized by the American Medical Association. Other names at this time included "antiaging medicine" and "regenerative medicine". Age management medicine is controversial. The field is underregulated and supported by insufficient scientific evidence. People who practice it open themselves up to legal liability on grounds of negligence–malpractice, warranty issues, and product liability. The use of growth hormone has been frequently recommended; however, such use is associated with cancer.
Age management medicine is often promoted by anti-aging practitioners specializing in nutritional supplements and hormone-replacement, a practice that may lead to harmful side-effects.

See also
 Life extension
 Anti-aging movement

References

Emerging technologies
Life extension
Medical treatments
Medical controversies
Ageing
Population
Anti-aging substances
Transhumanism
Share a Coke is a multi-national marketing campaign of Coca-Cola. It debrands the traditional Coke logo, replacing "Coca-Cola" from one side of a bottle with the phrase "Share a Coke with" followed by a person's name. The campaign, which uses a list containing 250 of each market country's most popular names (generic nicknames and titles are also used in some cases), aims to have people go out and find a bottle with their name on it, then share it with their friends. The campaign began in Australia in 2011.

Campaign effectiveness and outcomes

The Share a Coke campaign was subsequently rolled out in over 80 countries. In Australia, the advertising agency Ogilvy estimated that the campaign increased Coke's share of the category by 4% and increased consumption by young adults by 7%. The campaign received multiple awards at the Creative Effectiveness Lion Awards at Cannes.

In the United States, where the campaign is credited with increasing sales by more than 2% reversing more than 10 years of decline in Coke consumption, the company and its agency has sought ways to extend the campaign while maintaining its relevance. In 2015, the company extended the campaign by increasing the number of names to 1,000. Nicknames such as "bro", "better half" and "sidekick" were also added to the inventory of names. In 2016, the company replaced people's names with lyrics from 70 popular songs including Lean on Me and We are the Champions. In 2017, the campaign returned to the US with a new variant; holiday destinations. Bottles of coke are labelled with favourite summer holiday spots such as Hawaii, Ibiza, Barbados etc. Additionally, Coca-Cola collaborated with McCann and Score a Score to create over 1000 unique songs based on names found on bottles of Coke.

Financial analysts and advertising experts have used the success of the 'Share-a-Coke' campaign to remind marketers and advertisers of the need to personalise the communications message.

See also
 Advertising management
 Brand management

References

External links

  (United States)

Advertising campaigns
2011 introductions
American advertising slogans
Promotional campaigns by Coca-Cola
Human names
CC398 or MRSA CC398 is a new variant of MRSA that has emerged in animals and is found in intensively reared production animals (primarily pigs, but also cattle and poultry), where it can be transmitted to humans as LA-MRSA (livestock-associated MRSA). A 2009 study shows, however, that dissemination of CC398 from exposed humans to other, non-exposed humans is infrequent. Though dangerous to humans, CC398 is often asymptomatic in food-producing animals. In a single study conducted in Denmark, MRSA was shown to originate in livestock and spread to humans, though the MRSA strain may have originated in humans and was transmitted to livestock.

A 2011 study reported 47% of the meat and poultry sold in surveyed U.S. grocery stores was contaminated with S. aureus, and of those 5–24.4% of the total were resistant to at least three classes of antibiotics. "Now we need to determine what this means in terms of risk to the consumer," said Dr. Keim, a co-author of the paper. Some samples of commercially sold meat products in Japan were also found to harbor MRSA strains.

An investigation of 100 pig-meat samples purchased from major UK retailers conducted by the Guardian in 2015 showed that some 10% of the samples were contaminated.

In 2017 17 out of 401 examined horses in Denmark were found to carry MRSA, typically strains of CC398. The same year it was reported that from 20142016 44 persons in Denmark were infected with LA-MRSA from fur farming mink and that LA-MRSA was found in 88% of Danish pig herds.

See also 
 Carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae
 Necrotizing fasciitis
 Staphylococcus aureus
 Toxic shock syndrome
 XF-73
 Teixobactin

References 

Staphylococcaceae

Bacterial diseases
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria
Healthcare-associated infections
The WA Diamonds are a women's field hockey team based in Perth, Western Australia. The team compete in the women's division of the Australian Hockey League (AHL).

History
Originally known as the WAIS Diamonds, the team first competed in the AHL in 1993, changing names to WA Diamonds in 2003. They have won the AHL title 6 times, in years 1994, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2010.

2010 WA Diamonds hockey team

2011 WA Diamonds hockey team

2012 WA Diamonds hockey team

2013 WA Diamonds hockey team

2014 WA Diamonds hockey team

2015 WA Diamonds hockey team

Earlier squad

References

Field hockey clubs in Australia
Sports clubs and teams in Perth, Western Australia
Women's field hockey teams in Australia
Field hockey clubs established in 1993
Louise Ingram Rayner (21 June 1832 – 8 October 1924) was a British watercolour artist.

Family
Rayner was born in Matlock Bath in Derbyshire. Her parents Samuel Rayner and Ann Rayner (née Manser) were both noted artists, Samuel having been accepted for exhibition at the Royal Academy when he was 15. Four of Louise's sisters—Ann ("Nancy"), Margaret, Rose and Frances—and her brother Richard were also artists. Her eldest sister Ann Ingram Rayner (Nancy) exhibited at the Society of Painters in Water Colours and three times at the Royal Academy. The family lived in Matlock Bath and Derby until 1842 when they moved to London.

Education
Rayner studied painting from the age of fifteen, at first with  her father and later with established artist friends of the family such as George Cattermole, Edmund Niemann, David Roberts and Frank Stone. Her first exhibited work, an oil painting entitled The Interior of Haddon Chapel, was shown at the Royal Academy in 1852, the first of a series of oils.

Watercolour
From 1860, however, her medium was watercolour, which she exhibited for over 50 years through organisations including the Society of Lady Artists, The Royal Academy, Royal Watercolour Society and the Royal Society of British Artists.

Chester
 She lived in Chester in the county of Cheshire but travelled extensively, painting British scenes, during the summers in the 1870s and 1880s. Her paintings are very detailed and highly picturesque populated street scenes capturing the "olde worlde" character of British towns and cities in the booming Victorian period. Her paintings are very popular today as prints and on jigsaw puzzles. Around 1910 she moved with her sister to Tunbridge Wells, and later to St Leonards, where she died on 8 October 1924, aged 92.

Collections
Rayner's  work is represented in the collections of at the Russell-Cotes Art Gallery & Museum, Bournemouth, Derby Museum and Art Gallery and the Grosvenor Museum, Chester, which possesses 23 of her watercolours, the largest in any public collection.

References

Sources
Simon Fenwick, "Rayner, Samuel (1806–1879)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 26 June 2007
Louise Rayner, Chester City Council

External links

Louise Rayner DudleyMall page featuring many works
Louise Rayner Artist Information site by relative

1832 births
1924 deaths
19th-century English painters
20th-century English painters
19th-century English women artists
20th-century English women artists
English women painters
English watercolourists
People from Derbyshire
Women watercolorists
Shield Groups Security (SGS) was an Iraqi company that provided protection for businesses and organizations. It was established in 2003 and switched its name to National Shield Security (NSS) sometime after April 2006.  According to the NSS's website, it has performed security services for infrastructure projects and performs extensive background checks on all "host country personnel".  NSS offers services relating to security, threat assessment, satellite and radio communications, training, translation, and emergency planning.

Donald Vance, a US Navy veteran working for the company, suspected the company of illegal gun running when he noticed excessive stockpiling of weapons.  He became an FBI informant alleging corruption on the part of the Iraqis running the company until he was arrested with American co-worker Nathan Ertel when American soldiers raided the company.  Both Vance and Ertel were interrogated under suspicion of gun running and both allege that they were tortured.  Ertel was released after one month of imprisonment; however, Vance was held for 97 days. It took the military three weeks to contact the FBI and confirm that Vance was an informant.  The executives of the company have never been charged with any wrongdoing.

References

External links
National Shield Security website

Private military contractors
Companies of Iraq
Iraqi companies established in 2003
Service companies of Iraq
The Chronicle of Saint-Pierre-le-Vif of Sens (, ) is an anonymous Latin chronicle written at the Abbey of Saint-Pierre-le-Vif in Sens between about 1100 and 1125 with continuations added into the 13th century. The original work was attributed to a monk named Clarius by Dom Victor Cottron in 1650, but this is not now accepted. It is, however, sometimes still labeled the Chronique dite de Clarius ("Chronicle said to be of Clarius"). The Chronicle is mainly a history of the abbey and of the city of Sens.

The Chronicle is divided into four sections. The first is a universal history inspired by Hugh of Flavigny and, through him, by Eusebius of Caesarea and Jerome. This covers the period from the birth of Jesus to the year 1100. The second section is a chronicle of Sens drawn from earlier chronicles, such as that of Odorannus and the Historia Francorum Senonensis. It covers the years 675–1096, although some of this material is dispersed throughout the universal history. The third section contains an account of the abbacy of Arnaud of Saint-Pierre-le-Vif (1096–1124) in the form of a series of annals. The fourth section contains a continuation of the annals down to 1180 and further continuations that take it down to 1290.

Abbot Arnaud commissioned the writing of the chronicle and the copying of the documents towards 1108. The Chronicle's most recent editors suggest that the years 1100–1108 in the annals of his abbacy reflect his own account in his own hand. The Chronicle survives in its original manuscript of 138 folios, now MS no. 212 in the municipal library of Auxerre. Of these, the first 104 contain the Chronicle while the remainder contain various documents copied from the abbey's archives. These include royal and papal charters, excerpted letters, canons of church councils, liturgy and lists of rents and renders owed the abbey.

One purpose of the Chronicle was to justify the abbey's rights, especially against the priory of Mauriac. Arnaud's extended dispute with the prior of Mauriac gets detailed treatment. To modern historians, the Chronicle is chiefly interesting for the light it sheds on the composition of a monastic history. It was copied late in the 12th century into the Pseudo-Godel Chronicle and in that guise was used as a source by the influential Robert of Auxerre.

Editions
Robert-Henri Bautier and Monique Gilles, eds. and transs., with Anne-Marie Bautier. Chronique de Saint-Pierre-le-Vif de Sens, dite de Clarius (Chronicon Sancti Petri Vivi Senonensis). Sources d'Histoire Medievale. Paris: CNRS, 1979.

Notes

Latin chronicles about France
12th-century history books
12th-century Latin books
Latin chronicles containing universal histories
In plasma physics, the Lundquist number (denoted by ) is a dimensionless ratio which compares the timescale of an Alfvén wave crossing to the timescale of resistive diffusion. It is a special case of the magnetic Reynolds number when the Alfvén velocity is the typical velocity scale of the system, and is given by

where  is the typical length scale of the system,  is the magnetic diffusivity and  is the Alfvén velocity of the plasma.  

High Lundquist numbers indicate highly conducting plasmas, while low Lundquist numbers indicate more resistive plasmas.  Laboratory plasma experiments typically have Lundquist numbers between , while in astrophysical situations the Lundquist number can be greater than .  Considerations of Lundquist number are especially important in magnetic reconnection.

See also
 Magnetic Prandtl number
 Péclet number
 Stuart number

References

Plasma parameters