Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The Dukhin number () is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes the contribution of the surface conductivity to various electrokinetic and electroacoustic effects, as well as to electrical conductivity and permittivity of fluid heterogeneous systems. The number was named after Stanislav and Andrei Dukhin.

Overview
It was introduced by Lyklema in “Fundamentals of Interface and Colloid Science”.  A recent IUPAC Technical Report used this term explicitly and detailed several means of measurement in physical systems.

The Dukhin number is a ratio of the surface conductivity  to the fluid bulk electrical conductivity Km multiplied by particle size a:

There is another expression of this number that is valid when the surface conductivity is associated only with ions motion above the slipping plane in the double layer. In this case, the value of the surface conductivity depends on ζ-potential, which leads to the following expression for the Dukhin number for symmetrical electrolyte with equal ions diffusion coefficient:

where the parameter m characterizes the contribution of electro-osmosis into motion of ions within the double layer

 F is Faraday constant
 T is absolute temperature
 R is gas constant
 C is ions concentration in bulk
 z is ion valency
 ζ is electrokinetic potential
 ε0 is vacuum dielectric permittivity
 εm is fluid dielectric permittivity
 η is dynamic viscosity
 D is diffusion coefficient

References

Chemical mixtures
Colloidal chemistry
Condensed matter physics
Soft matter
9 Degrees West of the Moon is the 6th studio album by the Italian progressive power metal band Vision Divine. It was released in 2009. The album marks the return of the singer Fabio Lione after the departure of Michele Luppi.

Track listing

Credits
 Fabio Lione - Vocals
 Olaf Thörsen - Guitars
 Federico Puleri - Guitars
 Cristiano Bertocchi - Bass
 Alessio Lucatti - Keyboards, Piano
 Alessandro Bissa - Drums
 Barbara Garzoni - Violin, Viola
 Fausto Solci - Cello

References

2009 albums
Vision Divine albums
Frontiers Records albums
The Bloodhound Site (16-WF-21) is an archaeological site in West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana, United States. It was once occupied by the Tunica tribe from 1700 to 1749.

References

External links
Indian Mounds Louisiana

Archaeological sites in Louisiana
Geography of West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Louisiana
National Register of Historic Places in West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana
The 1923 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election was held in February 1923 to determine the future leadership of the New Zealand Labour Party. The election was won by Buller MP Harry Holland, once again retaining office.

Background 
Despite high hopes Labour had underperformed at the 1922 election. While the party had gained an extra nine seats in Parliament, it failed in its main objective to supersede the Liberal Party as the official opposition. The more moderate Labour MPs saw this as an opportunity to finally replace Harry Holland as leader of the party.

James McCombs proposed that an office in the Labour Party should not be held by one member for longer than one Parliamentary term at a time, which was seconded by Sullivan. Rather than challenge Holland himself personally, as had been the case in the previous leadership elections, the pair appealed to the democratic nature of the party and hoped it would appeal to the influx of new members.

Candidates

Harry Holland  
Holland had been Labour's leader since 1919 surviving several leadership challenges (opposed in all by McCombs). Many supported him as leader due to his stern emphasis on teamwork and majority rule which gave his colleagues a certain amount of freedom to speak out on issues themselves, so long as they didn't directly contravene Holland himself.

Dan Sullivan 
Dan Sullivan had been an MP since 1919 and at the time was Labour’s senior whip. He was a moderate and had supported all of the previous challenges against Holland by Jimmy McCombs. He was one of the mainly Christchurch based MPs who found Holland's leadership to be too autocratic and overbearing.

Result
The election was conducted through a members ballot by Labour's parliamentary caucus. Holland secured fourteen votes to Sullivan's three. Sullivan next stood for the Deputy-leader role, but was defeated by Holland's preferred candidate Michael Joseph Savage 11 votes to 16.

Leadership ballot

Deputy-leadership ballot

Aftermath 
Harry Holland would continue to lead the Labour Party without any further challenges to his leadership until his death in 1933. Sullivan's failure to secure the Leader and Deputy-leader positions signaled to the moderate wing of the Labour Party that they were clearly the caucus minority. After his election as the deputy-chair, Savage proposed that the votes for leadership positions be held at the start of every new parliament rather than annually. After a long discussion, the motion was carried 10 votes to 5.

Notes

References

Labour Party leadership
1923
Indirect elections
New Zealand Labour Party leadership election
Ilkeston Town railway station was a railway station which served the town of Ilkeston in Derbyshire, England. It was opened in 1847 by the Midland Railway.

This station was connected to the Erewash Valley Line by a short branch from Ilkeston Junction, the route of which roughly followed the present Millership Way and which was served by horse-drawn railway carriages for some years.

By 1853, three trains were running daily each way between Nottingham and Ilkeston via Long Eaton. However, local newspapers contain many letters of complaint in the 1850s and 1860s regarding the poor standard of waiting rooms and other facilities at the local stations and even about the rudeness of the staff. Some of the Midland Railway's Directors, their General Manager and Engineer visited Ilkeston in 1860 to discuss rail users’ concerns, although little seems to have been accomplished from the visit.

The original station, opened on 6 September 1847 and named Ilkeston, was closed on 2 May 1870 but remodelled in response to the arrival of the  Great Northern Railway (Great Britain) Derbyshire Extension line through its station later known as Ilkeston North. The station, now named Ilkeston Town, re-opened on 1 July 1879.

It carried a shuttle service from Ilkeston Junction which was never particularly popular since the GNR provided a direct main line service. Some services were also provided to Nottingham and Chesterfield
From 1882 the former were routed along the Bennerley Junction route to Basford, with six services a day, but they ended at the beginning of the First World War.

In the Grouping of all lines (into four main companies) in 1923 the station  became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway .

The station closed to passengers on 10 July 1950, having been open on a restricted basis since 16 June 1947, and goods operations had ceased by 1960. The tracks were lifted and the footbridge removed. The site is now occupied by a roundabout at the end of Ilkeston's Chalons Way by-pass and a large Tesco supermarket.

References

Disused railway stations in Derbyshire
Former Midland Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1847
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1950
Ilkeston
1847 establishments in England
"Wine Colored Roses" is a song written by Dennis Knutson and A.L. "Doodle" Owens, recorded by American country music artist George Jones.  It was released in September 1986 as the first single and title track from Jones' album Wine Colored Roses.  The song peaked at number 10 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart.  The song tells the story of a man who receives a letter from a caring ex-lover who asks him if he still drinks.  Unable to overcome his own shame to speak with her on the telephone, he sends her a dozen wine colored roses as a symbol that he still drinks.  The song became part of Jones' live show at the time, and when he would sing the line, "She asked if I had quit drinkin'," audiences would often cheer, mindful of how George had gotten sober himself in 1984.  In his essay for the liner notes to the 1994 Sony compilation The Essential George Jones: The Spirit of Country, Rich Kienzle states, "If there were any doubters, 'Wine Colored Roses' proved Jones was a timeless superstar, even without stimulants."

Chart performance

References 

1986 singles
George Jones songs
Epic Records singles
Songs written by A.L. "Doodle" Owens
Song recordings produced by Billy Sherrill
Songs written by Dennis Knutson
(85182) 1991 AQ, provisional designation , is a stony asteroid on a highly eccentric orbit, classified as near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo group, approximately  in diameter. It was discovered on 14 January 1991, by American astronomer Eleanor Helin at the Palomar Observatory in California. Based on its brightness variation of 0.69 magnitude, this Q-type asteroid is likely elongated. It belongs to the small group of potentially hazardous asteroids larger than one kilometer.

Orbit and classification 

 is a member of the Earth-crossing class of Apollo asteroids, the largest group of near-Earth objects with approximately 10 thousand known members. It is also a Venus- and Mars-crosser due to its extreme perihelion and aphelion, respectively.

It orbits the Sun at a distance of 0.5–3.9 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,210 days; semi-major axis of 2.22 AU). Its orbit has a high eccentricity of 0.78 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Palomar in 1991.

Close approaches 

The asteroid has currently an Earth minimum orbital intersection distance of , which corresponds to 6.4 lunar distances and makes it a potentially hazardous asteroid due to its notably large size. In 1991 and 1994, it approached Earth at a nominal distance of . The asteroids closest encounter with Earth is projected to occur on 27 January 2130, at a distance of  only (see table). It also makes close encounters to Mercury, Venus, Mars and Jupiter.

Physical characteristics 

In the Tholen classification, this object is an uncommon Q-type asteroid, that falls into the larger stony S-complex. As of 2018, no rotational lightcurve of this asteroid has been obtained from photometric observations. The body's rotation period, pole and shape remain unknown. It has a brightness variation of 0.69 magnitude, indicative for an elongated, non-spherical shape.

Diameter and albedo 

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, this asteroid measures 1.1 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.242. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.18 and derives a diameter of 1.14 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 17.20.

Numbering and naming 

This minor planet was numbered by the Minor Planet Center on 30 August 2004 (). As of 2018, it has not been named.

References

External links 
 List of the Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs), Minor Planet Center
 PHA Close Approaches To The Earth, Minor Planet Center
 Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info )
 Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
 
 
 

085182
Discoveries by Eleanor F. Helin
085182
19910114
Shewketjan Tayir (; born 11 May 2001) is a Chinese footballer currently playing as a defender for Wuhan Three Towns.

Club career
Shewketjan Tayir would join lower league side Xinjiang Snowland in November 2019 before gaining the attention of the Chinese U19 team. In the 2021 China League Two season the Chinese U20 team were invited to participate within the Chinese pyramid and Shewketjan was loaned out to them. He would make his debut for them in a Chinese FA Cup game on 13 October 2021 against Dalian Professional in a 2-1 defeat.    

On 27 April 2022, he signed with newly promoted top tier side Wuhan Three Towns. He would go on to make his debut on 17 November 2022, in a Chinese FA Cup game against Dandong Tengyue, which ended in a 5-1 victory. After the game he would go on to establish himself as a squad player within the team that won the 2022 Chinese Super League title.

Career statistics
.

Honours

Club
Wuhan Three Towns
Chinese Super League: 2022.

References

External links 
 

2001 births
Living people
Chinese men's footballers
China men's youth international footballers
Footballers from Xinjiang
Uyghur sportspeople
Men's association football defenders
The Venezuela women's national volleyball team is the national team of Venezuela. The dominant forces in women's volleyball on the South American continent are Brazil,  Peru and Argentina. The team's highest achievement was during the 2008 South American Olympic Qualification Tournament, defeating Peru in the finals and becoming the only South American team other than Brazil and Peru to compete at the Olympics.

Team Roster
<noinclude>

Results

Olympic Games
 1964 to 2004 — did not qualify
 2008 — 11th place
Yéssica Paz, Génesis Franchesco, Jayce Andradre,  María Valero, Amarilis Villar, Desiree Glod, Aleoscar Blanco, Shirley Florian, Gheraldine Quijada, María José Pérez, Roslandy Acosta and Wendy Romero. Head coach: Tomas Fernández

World Championship
 1952 to 1994 — did not qualify
 1998 — did not qualify
 2002 — did not qualify
 2006 — did not qualify
 2010 — did not qualify

FIVB World Grand Prix
 2017 — 28th

Pan American Games
 1955 to 1979 – did not participate
 1983 — 7th place
 1987 — did not participate
 1991 — did not participate
 1995 — did not participate
 1999 — did not participate
 2003 — 5th place
 2007 — did not participate
 2011 — did not participate

Pan-American Cup
2002 — did not participate
2003 — 5th place
2004 — did not participate
2005 — 8th place
2006 — 8th place
2007 — did not participate
2008 — 6th place
2009 to 2015 — did not participate
2016 — 8th place
2017 — 10th place

Bolivarian Games
 2005 —  Silver Medal
 2009 —  Silver Medal

South American Championship
 1951 to 1967 — did not participate
 1969 — 4th place
 1971 — did not participate
 1973 — 5th place
 1975 — did not participate
 1977 — 7th place
 1979 — 5th place
 1981 — did not participate
 1983 — 4th place
 1985 —  Bronze Medal
 1987 —  Bronze Medal
 1989 — 4th place
 1991 — 5th place
 1993 —  Bronze Medal
 1995 — 4th place
 1997 — 4th place
 1999 — 4th place
 2001 —  Bronze Medal
 2003 — did not participate
 2005 — 4th place
 2007 —  Bronze Medal
Yessica Paz, Luz Delfines, Génesis Franchesco, María Valero, Amarilis Villar, Jayce Andrade (c), Desiree Glod, Gheraldine Quijada, Shirley Florian, Aleoscar Blanco, Carmen San Miguel, and María José Pérez. Head coach: Tomás Fernández.
 2009 — 6th place
 2011 — did not participate
 2013 — 5th place
 2015 — 5th place
 2017 — 5th place

References
Sports123
Volleyball Almanac
Venezuela at the 2008 Summer Olympics

Volleyball
National women's volleyball teams
Volleyball in Venezuela
Benthall may refer to:

 Benthall, Northumberland
 Benthall, Shropshire
 Benthall Hall located there
 Dwinelle Benthall (1890-1931), American screenwriter
 Michael Benthall (1919–1974), English theatre director
 William Benthall (1837–1909), English cricketer
Juniata Township is a township that is located in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 897 at the time of the 2020 census.

Geography
Juniata Township is located in western Bedford County, along the Somerset County line. It is bordered to the northeast by Napier Township, to the east by Harrison Township, and to the south by Londonderry Township. Neighboring Somerset County townships are Allegheny Township to the west and Shade Township to the north.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Juniata Township has a total area of , of which  is land and , or 0.17%, is water.

Recreation
Two small portions of the Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 104 are located at the southern corner of the township and a portion of Shawnee State Park is located near the northeast corner of the township.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,016 people, 395 households, and 310 families residing in the township.  

The population density was 21.4 people per square mile (8.3/km2). There were 585 housing units at an average density of 12.3/sq mi (4.8/km2).  

The racial makeup of the township was 98.23% White, 0.10% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.20% from other races, and 1.28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.18% of the population.

There were 395 households, out of which 27.8% had children under the age of eighteen living with them; 67.3% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.5% were non-families. 18.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was sixty-five years of age or older.  

The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 2.87.

Within the township, the population was spread out, with 22.8% who were under the age of eighteen, 5.0% from eighteen to twenty-four, 28.0% from twenty-five to forty-four, 29.6% from forty-five to sixty-four, and 14.6% who were sixty-five years of age or older. The median age was forty-one years. 

For every one hundred females there were 105.7 males. For every one hundred females who were aged eighteen or older, there were 104.7 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $34,081, and the median income for a family was $35,952. Males had a median income of $30,737 compared with that of $20,156 for females. 

The per capita income for the township was $13,990.  

Approximately 13.1% of families and 14.9% of the population were living below the poverty line, including 11.3% of those who were under the age of eighteen and 21.1% of those who were aged sixty-five or older.

References

Populated places established in 1790
Townships in Bedford County, Pennsylvania
Pierella luna, the Moon Satyr, is a species of butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Mexico, Costa Rica, Colombia, Panama, Nicaragua, Ecuador, Belize, Brazil, Guatemala and Honduras.

Subspecies 
 Pierella luna luna (nominate)
 Pierella luna lesbia Staudinger, 1887
 Pierella luna pallida (Salvin & Godman, 1868) 
 Pierella luna rubecula Salvin & Godman, 1868

References

Butterflies described in 1793
Haeterini
Nymphalidae of South America
Spike the Bulldog may refer to:

Spike the Bulldog (mascot), the official mascot of Gonzaga University
Spike Bulldog, an English Bulldog from the Tom and Jerry film series
Spike the Bulldog (Warner Brothers), a gray bulldog who wears a red sweater and a brown bowler hat who appears in the Warner Brothers Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons
Spike, later renamed Butch, a character from Tex Avery's cartoons
Pomacea cousini is a South American species of freshwater snail with gills and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Ampullariidae, the apple snails.

Distribution
P. cousini is endemic to Ecuador.

References

cousini
Molluscs of South America
Fauna of Ecuador
Gastropods described in 1877
Leif Børresen (16 January 1909 – 25 October 1990) was a Norwegian footballer. He played in one match for the Norway national football team in 1931.

References

External links
 

1909 births
1990 deaths
Norwegian men's footballers
Norway men's international footballers
Sportspeople from Larvik
Footballers from Vestfold og Telemark
Men's association football forwards
IF Fram Larvik players
Boldklubben 1909 players
Norwegian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Denmark
The history of slavery in Tennessee began when it was the old Southwest Territory and thus the law regulating slavery in Tennessee was broadly derived from North Carolina law, and was initially comparatively "liberal." However, after statehood,  as the fear of slave rebellion and the threat to slavery posed by abolitionism increased, the laws became increasingly punitive: after 1831, "punishments were increased and privileges and immunities were lessened and circumvented." Tennessee was one of five states that allowed slaves the right of a jury trial, and one of three states that never passed anti-literacy laws, although the punishment for forging a slave pass was up to 39 lashes.

Tennessee had a ban on interstate slave trading beginning in 1827 but it was broadly flouted and repealed in 1854. Memphis, Tennessee was one of the central hubs of the interstate slave trade, along with Washington, Richmond, Charleston, Savannah, and New Orleans. Key Memphis traders included Byrd Hill, the Bolton brothers, the Little brothers, and the Forrest brothers. Nashville was a second-tier market, "advantageously situated for purchases in Kentucky and sales in northern Alabama and northeastern Mississippi....Much local and intra-state trading was a matter of course." East Tennessee manifested early abolitionism and colonization-movement activism but slavery remained widespread in that region until emancipation.

History 
According to journalist-turned-local historian Bill Carey, who wrote a book examining the history of slavery in Tennessee through the lens of newspaper reports, slave sale ads, county-government notices in local papers, and runaway slave ads, found that and not only did the city government of Nashville own slaves, in 1836 the state government "organized a lottery to raise money for internal improvements (mainly road construction). Lottery prizes included assets such as land, a farm, steamboats and five slaves: a 45-year-old man named Charles, a 43-year-old woman named Nancy and three girls named Matilda (12), Rebecca (11) and Maria (6)." Hiring out of slave laborers was extremely common and provided significant household income for their enslavers.

As of 1914, the Supreme Court of Tennessee held that "ex-slaves had no inheritable blood" and thus could not transfer property by will to their siblings. The Supreme Court of the United States ruled in Jones vs. Jones that this was an unconstitutional violation of the 14th Amendment.

In 2022, voters passed a measure that removed language in Tennessee state laws that permitted slavery or involuntary servitude as a form of punishment, a change intended to prevent abuses in the use of convict labor.

Gallery

See also 
 
 
 Memphis massacre of 1866
 History of slavery in the United States by state

References

Further reading 
 

Tennessee
African-American history of Tennessee
Pre-statehood history of Tennessee
History of Tennessee
Frederick Dixon may refer to:

 Frederick Whittaker Dixon (1854–1935), architect from Oldham, England
 Frederick Clifford Dixon (1902–1992), creator of etchings depicting urban life in London
 Fred Dixon (politician) (Frederick John Dixon, 1881–1931), Manitoba politician
 Freddie Dixon (Frederick William Dixon, 1892–1956), English motorcycle racer and racing car driver

See also 
 Fred Dixon (disambiguation)
Elmore Stoutt High School (ESHS) is a grade 7-12 secondary school in Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands.

History
It was previously BVI High School (BVIHS). In September 2012  Wade Tobin became acting principal, but Vanessa Garraway became the acting principal when the former went to the hospital.

In 2017 Hurricane Irma affected BVI and damaged the school building, so students had to move to the former Clarence Thomas Ltd building in Pasea Estate. The students were divided into two shifts as the temporary building is not big enough to accommodate the students at the same time. Students in the morning shift are to go to after school programmes to keep themselves occupied.
The rebuilt school reopened its doors January 4th, 2023.

Campus
The Lillian Adorothy Turnbull Building is in the shape of an L. It received its current name in 2019.

See also
 Education in the British Virgin Islands

References

External links
Articles about the school - Government of the British Virgin Islands
"Resiliency on display at Elmore Stoutt High School" - Department of Disaster Management, British Virgin Islands
First Year Strategies Elmore Stoutt High School By Teacher Librarian – Dorothy Rabsatt

Buildings and structures in Road Town
Secondary schools in British Overseas Territories
Schools in the British Virgin Islands