Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
John Smith (c. 1661 – after 1727), also known by the alias John Wilson, was a London housebreaker, most notable for his three evasions of execution. His first evasion earned him the nickname of Half-hanged Smith.

Biography

Early life and career
John Smith was the son of a Malton farmer. He was apprenticed by a packer, and served him as a journeyman. He then went on to serve the navy, first in a merchantman, then in a man-of-war, and was discharged after the Battle of Vigo Bay. Soon after that, he enlisted as a soldier, where he acquainted with bad associates and started his career as a housebreaker.

First conviction
On 5 December 1705, Smith was accused of four indictments and was convicted of two of them, and was sentenced to death. He showed little concern over his sentence until his execution was ordered on the Christmas Eve of the same year. He was taken to the Tyburn gallows where he was hanged.

Smith's family and friends were present at his hanging. Some attempted to tug at his legs to shorten his suffering, while others held them up for the mere possibility that Smith would not die. Others fought over the body with anatomists. After hanging for a quarter of an hour, the people cried out 'A reprieve'! The reprieve was granted, and Smith was cut down. He was taken to a house in the neighbourhood, where he recovered.

When asked what his feelings were during the execution, Smith replied:

Smith was granted freedom a few months later, on 20 February 1706.

Second and third convictions
John Smith turned back to housebreaking upon release. He was tried at the Old Bailey. Due to some complications of his case, the jury left the verdict to the twelve judges. The judges decided to set him free.

There appeared to be no hope for Smith on his third prosecution. It seemed as if the judge would certainly sentence him to an execution once and for all. However, the prosecutor died on the day before the trial was to commence, and Smith was once again set free.

Final conviction and transportation
On 17 May 1727, 66-year-old Smith (using the name John Wilson) was found stealing a padlock. Two watchmen had seen him and another man trying to steal the padlock, so they went up to investigate. The other man escaped, but Smith was found with eight picklock keys. Smith attempted to get rid of the padlock, although the padlock was later found in the 'Channel'.

Although it was agreed that Smith had intended to burgle the warehouse, Smith was found guilty only of theft. He was sentenced to transportation to Virginia. He then lodged an appeal to Sir John Eyles Knight, the Lord Mayor, requesting for physical punishment in lieu of transportation. In spite of his physical disabilities and role as a father of two children, the court took no pity on him and he was taken to Virginia on the Susannah.

See also
Hanging
Half-hanging
Gallows
William Duell

References

1661 births
Year of death unknown
1705 crimes in Europe
People from Malton, North Yorkshire
Burglars
English emigrants to British North America
English criminals
Virginia colonial people
Execution survivors
1727 crimes in Europe
Izvoarele is a commune in Prahova County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Cernești, Chirițești, Homorâciu, Izvoarele, Malu Vânăt and Schiulești.

A quiet, mostly self-sufficient commune, it has been slowly developing since the 1990s, with small improvements such as the mid-2000s paving of the main east/west road that had been a dirt road. Modern architecture is to be seen in some of the recently built houses, while some are very old, contrasting the mixed population of rich and poor. A railway bridge made of massive stone lies to the south of the railway station.

The river Teleajen flows through Homorâciu. The Crasna is a right tributary of this river; it discharges into the Teleajen in Izvoarele.

References

Communes in Prahova County
Localities in Muntenia
The Society of Western Artists was founded by William Forsyth, T. C. Steele, J. Ottis Adams, John Elwood Bundy and fourteen other artists in 1896.  Most of these were painters, Impressionists, primarily active in the American Midwest.

Other members included Frank J. Girardin, Frank Reaugh and Mathias Alten, and the miniature portraitist Edward William Carlson.

It "was organized in 1896 for the purpose of uniting artists in fellowship and of combining their efforts in the advancement of Art. As one of the means to this end the Society gathers together, annually, a collection of representative works, chiefly done in the middle west, and exhibits the collection in various cities."

Development as a Society 

"The Society of Western Artists feels that it has passed beyond its first youth, and that it can afford to take upon itself a more critical and dignified attitude."—Edmund H. Wuerpel

Exhibitions 

Annual exhibitions traveled to U.S. cities which included Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Detroit, Indianapolis, St. Louis and later Columbus, Pittsburgh, and Toledo.

Among these exhibitions were:

 Sixth Annual Exhibition of the Society of Western Artists - March 4 to March 20, 1902 - The Art Institute of Chicago

References 

Arts organizations based in the United States
Arts organizations established in the 1890s
Arts organizations disestablished in the 20th century
1896 establishments in the United States
1914 disestablishments in the United States
Philip Holst-Cappelen (born André Simjak in 1965) was a Norwegian convicted serial fraudster and kidnapper who had received significant media attention in Scandinavia. In 2000, he was placed on an Interpol red notice, and after one year he was arrested at Copenhagen Airport. He was convicted of 120 crimes and sentenced to 4.5 years imprisonment in 2002. Holst-Cappelen escaped from prison while serving his sentence at Bastøy Prison. In 2008 he was arrested again by armed police in Oslo, after having defrauded Norwegian billionaire Jan Haudemann-Andersen.

In 2011 Holst-Cappelen was accused of kidnapping two Swedish millionaires. According to police the two men were imprisoned in their own homes and forced to [bank] transfer 15.6 million Swedish kronor. He was placed on a new Interpol red notice in 2010. In 2011 he was arrested by Spanish police. In June 2011 Holst-Cappelen was sentenced to 18 years imprisonment in Sweden. He changed names several times, and he had no connection to the Norwegian families Holst or Cappelen.

Holst-Cappelen died on 19 July 2018 following a hunger strike while incarcerated in Saltvik Prison.

References

1965 births
2018 deaths
21st-century Norwegian criminals
Norwegian male criminals
Norwegian fraudsters
Norwegian prisoners and detainees
Escapees from Norwegian detention
Prisoners and detainees of Norway
Prisoners and detainees of Sweden
San Rafael is a canton in the Heredia province of Costa Rica. The head city is in San Rafael district.

History 
San Rafael was created on 28 May 1885 by decree 10.

Geography 
San Rafael has an area of  km² and a mean elevation of  metres.

The canton is northeast of the provincial capital city of Heredia, reaching from the suburbs high into the Cordillera Central (Central Mountain Range).

Districts 
The canton of San Rafael is subdivided into the following districts:
 San Rafael
 San Josecito
 Santiago
 Ángeles
 Concepción

Demographics 

For the 2011 census, San Rafael had a population of  inhabitants.

Transportation

Road transportation 
The canton is covered by the following road routes:

References 

Cantons of Heredia Province
Populated places in Heredia Province
Populated places established in 1885
Ivan Buljovčić (; 27 December 1936 – 10 January 2004) was a Serbian chess International Master (IM, 1974). He was European Team Chess Championship silver medalist (1965).

Biography 
Ivan Buljovčić was Croat by nationality. He graduated from the school in Subotica and the Faculty of Music and Education Belgrade Academy of Music (1960). In 1960-1971 taught music in Sombor, in 1971-1975 - in the Bačka Palanka. From 1975 Deputy Director, in January–May 1978 Acting Director of the Serbian National Theatre in Novi Sad. Then in 1978-1992 director of the Isidor Bajić Secondary School of Music.

Ivan Buljovčić was repeated participant of the Yugoslav Chess Championships in individual and team events. He played for the clubs Spartak (Subotica), Novosadsky chess club (1973-1982, 1987–1994), Sombor chess club, chess club Palich. The his best result is 5th place in the 1st league (elite division) of the Yugoslav Team Chess championship with the Sombor chess club.

Ivan Buljovčić was 10 times champion of Vojvodina. In 1974, he was awarded the FIDE International Master (IM) title.

Ivan Buljovčić played for Yugoslavia in the European Team Chess Championship:
 In 1965, at second reserve board in the 3rd European Team Chess Championship in Hamburg (+2, =1, -1) and won team silver medal.

Ivan Buljovčić played for Yugoslavia in the Men's Chess Mitropa Cup:
 In 1976, at first board in the 1st Chess Mitropa Cup in Innsbruck (+1, =2, -0) and won individual gold medal.

References

External links

1936 births
2004 deaths
Sportspeople from Subotica
Chess International Masters
Serbian chess players
Yugoslav chess players
Serbian music educators
University of Arts in Belgrade alumni
Ram Moav (1930 - 1984) was an Israeli geneticist and science fiction writer. He is best known as a key figure in early Israeli science fiction, and as the author of the controversial novel Luna (see below), which depicts a genetic utopia on the moon. He has been cited as an early childhood read and influence by author Lavie Tidhar, amongst others.

Novels 

 Zirmat Chachamim (Genes for Geniuses, Inc.)
 Luna: Gan Ha'eden Hageneti (Luna: The Genetic Paradise)

External links
 Luna: The Genetic Paradise, an article by Lavie Tidhar

1930 births
1984 deaths
MRS Logística S.A. (Malha Regional Sudeste, "Southeast Regional Network") is a freight rail company located in Brazil that operates  of track. It is the concessionary company that operates the Southeastern Federal Railroad Network (formerly SR3 - Juiz de Fora and SR4 - São Paulo of Rede Ferrovária Federal S/A), in the populous states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo.

History
The company started in 1996, following the privatization of the state-owned Brazilian railway operator RFFSA. After winning a 30 year concession in auction for R$ 888.9 million, MRS was allowed to operate and maintain the southeastern Brazilian rail network, effective September 1996.

At the time, MRS's major shareholders were large steelmaking and mining companies, including the Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional, Usiminas, and Vale.

Its network combines the lines from Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro-Belo Horizonte, São Paulo-Santos and Ferrovia do Aço ("Railroad of Steel").

These lines are in the richest and populous area of Brazil (54% of Brazil's GDP), and MRS has connections to three of the most important seaports of Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Itaguaí and Santos. The company also has a connection to the privately owned iron ore terminal of Minerações Brasileiras Reunidas (now part of Vale) in Ilha de Guaíba on Angra dos Reis bay.

The railway employs the world's most powerful cog locomotives on the line from Santos to São Paulo.

Shareholder structure
As of 2021, the control of the company is shared by:
Minerações Brasileiras Reunidas (a subsidiary of Vale): 32.9%
Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN) - 18.6%
Congonhas Minérios (a subsidiary of CSN) - 18.6%
Usiminas Participações e Logística (UPL) - 11.1%
Vale - 10.9%
Gerdau - 1.3%
other shareholders - 6.5%

See also 

 Rail transport in Brazil
 Transportation in Brazil

References

External links

 MRS Logística

Logistics companies of Brazil
Transport companies of Brazil
Companies based in Rio de Janeiro (city)
Companies listed on B3 (stock exchange)
Railway companies of Brazil
Railway companies established in 1996
Brazilian brands
County routes in Yates County, New York, are signed with the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices-standard yellow-on-blue pentagon route marker. Route numbers are also posted at junctions on street blade signs that display the standard route marker for a given route inside a yellow square. Even numbered highways run from east to west and are assigned sequentially starting from the northern county line, while odd numbered highways run from north to south and are assigned sequentially starting from the eastern county line at Seneca Lake.

List of routes

See also

County routes in New York
List of former state routes in New York (201–300)

References
André da Rocha is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is surrounded by the municipalities Nova Prata, Protásio Alves, and Guabiju.

It was split off from Lagoa Vermelha in 1988, and named in honor of Desembargador Manuel André da Rocha, the first judge of the comarca of Lagoa Vermelha, and active defender of the municipality, which became a Republican redoubt during the Federalist Revolution (1893).

André da Rocha is the least populous city of Rio Grande do Sul, with only 1,343 inhabitants.

See also
List of municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul

References

Municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul
Staff Sergeant Olaf Sean George Schmid, GC (11 June 1979 – 31 October 2009) was a British Army bomb disposal expert (Ammunition Technician) who was killed in action in the Afghanistan conflict. Schmid was posthumously awarded the George Cross after he made safe 70 devices before his death in October 2009. The citation was presented to Schmid's widow, Christina Schmid, by the Chief of the Defence Staff Sir Jock Stirrup on 18 March 2010 in a ceremony in the City of London. The announcement of the award of the GC to Staff Sergeant Kim Hughes was made at the same time.

Early life
Schmid was born on 11 June 1979 in Truro, Cornwall, to a German mother, Barbara, and a Swedish father, Hans-Jörg Schmid, he was brother to Torben and half brother to Gregory. He was educated at Penair School in Truro, and was a choir boy in Truro Cathedral Choir, ultimately becoming head chorister. Schmid lived in Winchester, Hampshire, with his wife Christina and his step-son Laird.

Army career
Schmid joined the British Army in 1996, enlisting in the Royal Logistic Corps and shortly afterwards he applied to train as a bomb disposal specialist. He served in Northern Ireland, Yugoslavia and Kosovo before being sent to Afghanistan in June 2009. He arrived during Operation Panther's Claw in Helmand Province. On 31 October 2009 Schmid was defusing a device in Sangin, Helmand Province when the device exploded, killing Schmid instantly.

Death and legacy
After Schmid's death was announced several people left tributes to his courage. Schmid's commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel Robert Thomson, commanding 2nd Rifles Battle Group, said: "Staff-Sergeant Oz Schmid was simply the bravest and most courageous man I have ever met. Under relentless IED and small arms attacks he stood taller than the tallest." A funeral and memorial service was held at Truro Cathedral on 24 November 2009. On 21 September 2010, his widow, Christina Schmid, was a contributor in a programme in BBC Radio 4's Soul Music series about Gabriel Fauré's Requiem with conductor David Willcocks. The Requiem was performed at the memorial service for Schmid.

George Cross
On 18 March 2010, Sir Jock Stirrup, the Chief of the Defence Staff announced that Schmid would be posthumously awarded the George Cross, and presented a framed copy of the citation to Schmid's widow during a ceremony at the headquarters of the Honourable Artillery Company in the City of London. The award was gazetted on 19 March 2010. Schmid's widow, Christina, was presented with the medal in a private ceremony at Buckingham Palace on 2 June 2010. She attended the ceremony with her son Laird and her parents.

References

1979 births
2009 deaths
British recipients of the George Cross
British Army personnel of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
British military personnel killed in the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
People from Truro
Royal Logistic Corps soldiers
English people of German descent
English people of Swedish descent
Bomb disposal personnel
Roto is a small settlement situated in the far-west of New South Wales, Australia. It lies at the junction of the Broken Hill railway line and the partly closed branchline to Temora via Griffith.  At the , Roto and the surrounding area had a population of 41.

A small railway station opened at the site in 1919, however is now closed.
The property "Roto Station" is 123,000 acres (50,000 hectares) of mixed farming.
A property nearby to the Roto homestead was the childhood home of two-time Australian off-road motorcycle racing champion Toby Price.

References

Carrathool Shire
Towns in New South Wales
James E. Finnegan (1892–1966) was a politician in the State of Wisconsin.

Biography
Finnegan was born James Edward Finnegan on November 26, 1892 to Irish parents John and Julia Finnegan in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. On September 12, 1916 he married Olive M. Frawley. He died in November 1966. Finnegan received his law degree from Marquette University and was receiving clerk for the Milwaukee County courts. He also taught evening high school classes. Finnegan was Roman Catholic and was a member of the Knights of Columbus.

Career
Finnegan served as Attorney General of Wisconsin from 1933 to 1937. He was an unsuccessful candidate for U.S. Senate from Wisconsin in 1940, losing to incumbent Robert M. La Follette, Jr. He was a Democrat.

See also
List of attorneys general of Wisconsin

References

Politicians from Milwaukee
Marquette University Law School alumni
Wisconsin Attorneys General
Wisconsin Democrats
1892 births
1966 deaths
Date of death missing
Place of death missing
20th-century American politicians
Lawyers from Milwaukee
20th-century American lawyers
LabField started as a Norwegian/Swedish duo and expanded to a trio for their 2015 album Bucket of Songs.

Biography 
LabField's musical objective is to create a condition that the listener apparently can experience as static, but upon closer listening contains layers of detail that is constantly changing. The sound in the room helps to reinforce the chaos of the produced sound and to make it difficult for the listener to localize sound sources to the various teams that sounds. Their debut album Fishforms (2007) and the follow-up Collab (2009) concentrated on a hypnotic drone landscape. One their third album, Bucket of Songs (2015), they became a trio and concentrated more on songs. Mariam Wallentin from Wildbirds & Peacdrums, Mariam the Believer, and Fire! Orchestra, contributes vocals on many of the tracks.

LabField consists of Swedish guitarist David Stackenäs, who has played with Territory Band, Seval, Fire! Orchestra, and Norwegian percussionist Ingar Zach, who has collaborated with Huntsville, Dans Les Arbres, Arve Henriksen, and Erik Honoré. Stackenäs and Zach played in the trio Tri-Dim with saxophonist Håkon Kornstad. When the trio broke up, they decided to form a duo and create a laboratory for trying experimental approaches to music. Giuseppe Ielasi from Italy joined the duo as guest on the album Collab, then became a member of the band. Ielasi has released several solo albums on the label 12K and has collaborated with Taku Sugimoto, Jerome Noetinger, Phill Niblock, and Oren Ambarchi. Ielasi also operates the label School Map.

Band members 
 David Stackenäs - guitar and electronics
 Ingar Zach - percussion and electronics
 Giuseppe Ielasi - guitar and electronics

Discography 
2007: Fishforms (Bottrop-Boy)
2009: Collab (Hubro Music)
2015: Bucket of Songs (Hubro Music)

References

External links 
Ingar Zach Website

Norwegian electronic music groups
Norwegian jazz ensembles
Norwegian experimental musical groups
Musical groups established in 2008
Musical groups from Oslo
Hubro Music artists
"Seen the Light" is a song by English rock band Supergrass. It was the third single from their fourth album Life on Other Planets. It was the first Supergrass release on DVD and reached number 22 on the UK Singles Chart when it was released in January 2003. The B-Side "The Loner" is a cover version of a Neil Young song.

Music video
The video begins with the statement "All the world await this human drama, of man's faith in God", which then leads straight to the start of the song itself. It is mainly black-and-white footage (however, there is a brief period of colour film around the middle eight) of music concert goers, people experiencing religious revelations and preacher men. The video ends with a wild audience applauding 1950s teen idol Fabian Forte, and finally a preacher proclaiming; "When you get to heaven, it'll all be out, and over."

"We're not actually in it," Goffey explains. "It's all really old footage of religious preachers mixed in with old footage of rock and roll audiences, and what's interesting is they react in the same way. They both go into these convulsions and pull their hair out and stuff. It's quite mad."

Track listings
CD (CDR6592)
 "Seen the Light" (2:27)
 "The Loner" (3:26)
 "I Told the Truth" (2:20)

Limited-edition grey 7-inch (R6592)
 "Seen the Light" (2:27)
 "The Loner" (3:26)

DVD (DVDR6592)
 "Seen the Light" (video) (2:45)
 "Brecon Beacons" (live audio)
 "Rush Hour Soul" (live audio)
 "Never Done Nothing Like That Before" (live video)
 Picture gallery

References

Supergrass songs
2002 songs
2003 singles
Parlophone singles
Songs written by Rob Coombes
Paul Grohmann (12 June 1838 – 29 July 1908) was an Austrian mountaineer and writer.

Biography
Grohmann was a pioneer in exploring technically challenging mountains and is thought to have made more first ascents of Eastern Alps summits than anyone else. Among these are the four highest summits in the Dolomites. In 1862, Grohman, Friedrich Simony and Edmund von Mojsvár founded the Austrian Alpine Club. This was the second mountaineering club in the world, following the founding of the British Alpine Club in 1857.

In 1875, he published a detailed map of the Dolomites (Karte der Dolomit-Alpen) and, in 1877, the travel book Wanderungen in den Dolomiten, which significantly stimulated mountain tourism in the area.

In his honor, the as yet unclimbed Sasso di Levante in the Langkofel Dolomites was renamed Grohmannspitze in 1875. The west peak of the Kellerspitzen in the Carnic Alps, which he first-ascended in 1868, is also known as Grohmannspitze.  Already in 1898, 10 years before his death, the town of Urtijëi erected a monument to honor his many first ascents in the Dolomites. Since 1984 there is a Grohmann street in Vienna's Donaustadt district.

First ascents 

Among the many peaks he and his guides were the first to ascend are:
 Hochalmspitze in the Hohe Tauern (15 August 1859) with guides "Lenzbauer" and Franz Moidele
 Tofana di Mezzo in the Dolomites (29 August 1863), with the guide :it:Francesco Lacedelli
 Antelao (Dolomites) (18 September 1863) with guides Francesco and Alessandro Lacedelli and Matteo Ossi 
 Boespitze (Dolomites) (30 July 1864) with G. Irschara (though previously climbed by hunters)
 Tofana di Rozes (Dolomites) (29 August 1864) with Francesco Lacedelli, :it:Angelo Dimai and Santo Siorpaes
 Sorapiss (Dolomites) (16 September 1864) with Francesco Lacedelli and Angelo Dimai
 Marmolada (Dolomites) (28 September 1864) with guides Angelo and Fulgentio Dimai
 Hochfeiler (Zillertal Alps) (24 Juli 1865) with the guides Josele Samer and Peter Fuchs
 Monte Cristallo (Dolomites) (14 September 1865), with guides Santo Siorpaes and Angelo Dimai
 Hohe Warte  (Carnic Alps) (30 September 1865) with Nicolò Sottocorona and "the farmer Hofer"
 Olperer (Zillertal Alps) (10 September 1867) with guides Josele Samer and Gainer Jackele
 Kellerwand (Carnic Alps) (14 July 1868) with Josef Moser and Peter Salcher
 Dreischusterspitze (Dolomites) (18 July 1869) with guides Peter Salcher and :de:Franz Innerkofler
 Langkofel (Dolomites) (13 August 1869) with guides Peter Salcher and Franz Innerkofler
 Große Zinne (Dolomites) (21 August 1869), with guides Franz Innerkofler and Peter Salcher

References

External links 
 Grohmanns monument in Urtijëi, publications (checked on October, 2 2010) 

1838 births
1908 deaths
Austrian mountain climbers
Austrian male writers
Sportspeople from Vienna