Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Motion detection is the process of detecting a change in the position of an object relative to its surroundings or a change in the surroundings relative to an object. It can be achieved by either mechanical or electronic methods. When it is done by natural organisms, it is called motion perception.

Methods 

Motion can be detected by monitoring changes in:
Infrared light (passive and active sensors)
Visible light (video and camera systems)
Radio frequency energy (radar, microwave and tomographic motion detection)
Sound (microphones, other acoustic sensors)
Kinetic energy (triboelectric, seismic, and inertia-switch sensors)
Magnetism (magnetic sensors, magnetometers)
Wi-Fi Signals (WiFi Sensing)

Mechanical 

The most basic forms of mechanical motion detection utilize a switch or trigger. For example, the keys of a typewriter use a mechanical method of detecting motion, where each key is a switch that is either off or on, and each letter that appears is a result of the key's motion.

Electronic 

The principal methods by which motion can be electronically identified are optical and acoustic. Infrared light or laser technology can be used for optical detection. Motion-detection devices such as PIR motion detectors have a sensor that detects a disturbance in the infrared spectrum. A signal can then activate an alarm, and/or a camera to capture an image or video of the event.

This method's chief applications are:

 Detection of unauthorized entry
 Turning lights on/off when an area is entered/vacated
 Activating a camera to record new events (e.g. human activity)

A simple algorithm for motion detection by a fixed camera compares the current image with a reference image and monitors the number of different pixels. Since images naturally differ due to factors such as varying lighting, camera flicker, and CCD dark currents, pre-processing is useful to reduce the number of false positive alarms.

More complex algorithms are necessary to detect motion when the camera itself is panning, or when a specific object's motion must be detected in a field containing other, irrelevant movement—for example, a painting surrounded by visitors in an art gallery. With a panning camera, models based on optical flow are used to distinguish between apparent background motion caused by the camera's movement and that of independently moving objects.

Devices
Motion detectors are often integrated components of systems that automatically perform tasks, or alert users of motion in an area. An occupancy sensor detects the entry or movement of a person or thing within a certain space.

Motion controllers are also used for video game consoles as game controllers. A camera can also allow the body's movements to be used for control, such as in the Kinect system.

References

External links
 Relational Motion Detection
 www.cs.rochester.edu/~nelson/research
 Motion Detection Algorithms In Image Processing
 Motion Detection and Recognition Research
 Presence and Absence detection explained
 Motion detection sample algorithm realization video

Security
Motion in computer vision
Victoria Street is a street in the Auckland City Centre, New Zealand, located between the base of College Hill and Albert Park. The street is split into two sections at the junction of Queen Street, Victoria Street West and Victoria Street East.

History

Victoria Street West was formerly part of the foreshore of the Auckland waterfront. Victoria Park was the site of Freemans Bay, which was in-filled during the 19th century. The vent of the Albert Park Volcano was located at the modern location of the Victoria Street Carpark, which was quarried during the 1860s.

Victoria Street was the location of the first jail and courthouse in Auckland. The large block to the south-west of the Queen Street intersection included the courthouse, labour yards and gallows. Development of Victoria Street came later than early Auckland streets, which were focused on the waterfront to the north.

By the 1880s, the Victoria and Queen Street intersection had become one of the busiest locations in Auckland.

In 2024, Te Waihorotiu railway station is planned to open on Victoria Street. Currently Te Hā Noa, a linear park for pedestrians and cyclists is under construction between Federal Street and Kitchener Street.

Notable locations
Farmers Queen Street, a historic department store and the former location of a Santa Claus sculpture, which was annually attached to the building from 1998 until 2020.
The Sky Tower, the tallest tower in the Southern Hemisphere, and the SkyCity Auckland entertainment complex
Victoria Park, a major park constructed by reclaiming Freemans Bay, a former bay of the Auckland waterfront
Victoria Park Market, a historic market and retail precinct opposite Victoria Park

Gallery

References

Auckland CBD
Streets in Auckland
Colonel Alfred Edward Webb-Johnson, 1st Baron Webb-Johnson  (4 September 1880 – 28 May 1958), known as Sir Alfred Webb-Johnson, Bt, between 1945 and 1948, was a British surgeon.

Biography
Born Alfred Johnson, he was the son of Samuel Johnson, medical officer of health at Stoke-on-Trent, by Julia Anne Webb, daughter of James Webb. He assumed the additional surname of Webb by deed poll in 1915. His brother was physician Cecil Webb-Johnson.

Webb-Johnson was educated at the Newcastle High School in Newcastle-under-Lyme and at the Manchester University Medical School. In 1906 he was admitted a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons. He fought in the First World War as a colonel in the Army Medical Service, was mentioned in despatches three times and awarded the Distinguished Service Order and Territorial Decoration. In 1919 he was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE).

Webb-Johnson was consulting surgeon, governor and vice-president of the Middlesex Hospital in London as well as dean of its medical school. From 1936 to 1953 he was surgeon to Queen Mary and from 1941 to 1949 president of the Royal College of Surgeons. He was knighted in 1936, made a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO) in 1942 and created a baronet, of Stoke-on-Trent in the County of Stafford, on 15 March 1945. On 22 June 1948 he was elevated to the peerage as Baron Webb-Johnson, of Stoke-on-Trent in the County of Stafford. He was a governor of The Peckham Experiment in 1949. From 1950 to 1952 he was president of the Royal Society of Medicine. In 1954 he was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO).

Lord Webb-Johnson married Cecilia Flora MacRae, daughter of Douglas MacRae, editor of the Financial Times, in 1911. He died in May 1958, aged 77. The baronetcy and barony died with him.

References

External links

Royal College of Surgeons. Plarr's Lives of the Fellows Online: Webb-Johnson, Sir Alfred Edward, Lord Webb-Johnson of Stoke-on-Trent (1880 - 1958)

	

1880 births
1958 deaths
Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
Presidents of the Royal Society of Medicine
Presidents of the History of Medicine Society
Barons created by George VI
Horace Victor Dalling was a Canadian watchmaker, jeweller, optician and inventor. He was the watch inspector for the Canadian Pacific Railway, and is also known for manufacturing the first two telephones in Woodstock, New Brunswick, which he placed in his store and in his home.

Biography
Dalling was born in Richmond, New Brunswick on February 5, 1854, to Thomas M. and Matilda Jane (Gray) Dalling. In 1878 he moved to Woodstock and established his business, Dalling's Jewellery Store. In 1879 he married Mary Isabella McKilligan and the two had four children.

His store was damaged by fire on February 26, 1891. His losses ($150) were covered by insurance.

In 1900, he donated a silver cup, known as the "Dalling Cup", for golf. Another cup, a gold-lined silver cup, was given in 1905 for the Woodstock Hockey League.

His son William Victor Dalling, fought in the First World War as a gunner. He was wounded in France on October 13, 1916, but died of pneumonia on October 19, 1918, contracted in Fredericton while waiting for his discharge.

Dalling continued to run his store until 1929, when he retired because of ill health. His daughter, Edith, ran the store until his death on January 6, 1931.

Telephone
He is most remembered because of his homemade telephone, which he constructed in 1885 and ran between his home on Richmond St. and his store on Main St. He supported the wires by running them in the branches of trees alongside the streets. Telephones (either wires or instruments) were not yet common in the region.

Bell Telephone later investigated his setup and threatened him with a lawsuit for infringing on the company's patent. However, a compromise was reached and Bell opened a small telephone exchange of twenty lines in his store, of which he was the manager. Because there was no service at night or on Sundays, Dalling built and installed a miniature switchboard of eight lines at his home to answer important messages after hours.

References

External links 
 Probable photo c. 1876
 H.V. Dalling Jewellery Store in 1876, John Campbell
 Death Certificate GNB Archives

1854 births
1931 deaths
Canadian inventors
Canadian jewellers
Opticians
People from Carleton County, New Brunswick
The soprano sarrusophone is a high-pitched sarrusophone, a family of keyed metal double reed instruments with a conical bore. It is pitched in B♭ and its range is approximately the same as that of the soprano saxophone. The timbre is similar to that of the oboe, although louder and less refined, more like a shawm. Although used in wind bands in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it is today extremely rare, as few original specimens survive. New instruments can still be purchased on a special order basis from instrument manufacturer Orsi of Milan, Italy.

References

Sarrusophones
Single oboes with conical bore
UFC 60: Hughes vs. Gracie was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on May 27, 2006. The event took place at the Staples Center, in Los Angeles, California and was broadcast live on pay-per-view in the United States and Canada.

Background
Headlining the card was a non-title catchweight (175 lb) match between then-current UFC Welterweight Champion Matt Hughes, and UFC Hall of Famer Royce Gracie, the winner of UFC 1, UFC 2 and UFC 4. This was Gracie's first match in the UFC and in the United States since UFC 5.

The event drew 620,000  buys, becoming the best-selling pay-per-view in UFC history up to that point, and the first to break the $20 million mark in gross PPV sales.

Results

Reported Payout

Royce Gracie: $400,000

Matt Hughes: $110,000

Jeremy Horn: $70,000

Brandon Vera: $32,000

Diego Sanchez: $24,000

Mike Swick: $14,000

Spencer Fisher: $14,000

Joe Riggs: $12,000

Gabriel Gonzaga: $10,000 

Melvin Guillard: $10,000

Alessio Sakara: $10,000

Dean Lister: $10,000

Assuerio Silva: $8,000

Chael Sonnen: $5,000

Fabiano Scherner: $3,000

Matt Wiman: $3,000

John Alessio: $3,000

Rick Davis: $2,000

Disclosed Fighter Payroll: $740,000

See also
 Ultimate Fighting Championship
 List of UFC champions
 List of UFC events
 2006 in UFC

References

External links
Official UFC 60 site
Passing of the Guard: Hughes Dominates Gracie
UFC 60: Hughes vs. Gracie Results from ufc.com

Ultimate Fighting Championship events
2006 in mixed martial arts
Mixed martial arts in Los Angeles
2006 in sports in California
The 2018–19 season is the 131st competitive association football season in India.

National teams

India national football team

2018 Intercontinental Cup

Final

2018 SAFF Championship

Group B

Semi-final

Final

2019 AFC Asian Cup

Group A

India national under-23 football team

2020 AFC U-23 Championship qualification
Group F

India men's national under-16 football team

2018 AFC U-16 Championship

Group C

Quarter-final

India women's national football team

2019 SAFF Women's Championship

Group B

Semi-final

Final

2020 AFC Olympic Qualifying Tournatment

First Round

Second Round
Though India won first two matches against Indonesia and Nepal and was able to draw against Myanmar but due to Myanmar's goal difference is greater than that of India's, India could not move to the third round of the qualification.

India women's national under-18 football team

2018 SAFF U-18 Women's Championship

Group A
Times listed are UTC+6

Semi-final

India women's national under-15 football team

2018 SAFF U-15 Women's Championship

Semi-final

Final

AFC club competitions

2018 AFC Cup

Inter-zone play-off semi-finals

Altyn Asyr won 5–2 on aggregate.

2019 AFC Champions League

Preliminary round 2

|+West Region

2019 AFC Cup

|+South Asia Zone

Group E

Club competitions

Indian Super League

Results

Bracket

Semi-finals

|}

Final

I-League

Promotion and relegation
Teams promoted
 Real Kashmir
Teams relegated
 None

Results

Super Cup

I-League 2nd Division

Preliminary round

Group A

Group B

Group C

Final round

Indian Women's League

Group stage

Cluster I

Cluster II

Knock–out stage

References 

 
Football
Football
India
India
Seasons in Indian football
Wamogo Regional High School is a public school in Litchfield, Connecticut. It serves grades 9 through 12. It is the public high school for the surrounding towns of Morris, Warren, and Goshen. Additionally, students from the towns of Litchfield, Torrington, Terryville, Plymouth, Harwinton, Burlington, and Thomaston can attend if they apply to the Agriculture Education Program for high school students only. Wamogo Regional Middle School is located in the same facility and serves grades 6 through 8.  

Wamogo was founded in the 1950s. Its name is a portmanteau stemming from the towns Warren, Morris, and Goshen, where the 'Wa' is for Warren, the 'mo' is for Morris, and the 'go' is for Goshen.

Notable people who have attended Wamogo include former NBA star Chuck Aleksinas and flat track motorcycle racer Kenny Coolbeth.

On June 29, 2022, Warren, Morris, Goshen and Litchfield voted to merge their school systems, creating a new Region 20. The Wamogo building will serve as the High School for the new region, when it begins in 2025.

References

External links

Public high schools in Connecticut
Schools in Litchfield County, Connecticut
The white-tailed mountain vole (Alticola albicauda) is a species of vole in the family Cricetidae. It is found in India and Pakistan.

References

Alticola
Rodents of Pakistan
Rodents of India
Mammals described in 1894
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN
A Dead letter is mail that can neither be delivered nor returned to sender - see Dead letter mail

It can also refer to:

 Dead letter law, a type of unenforced law

Film and television
 The Dead Letter, a 1915 American silent comedy film starring Oliver Hardy
 Dead Letters (film), a 2007 American film
 "Dead Letter" (Murder, She Wrote), a 1989 television episode
 "Dead Letters" (Millennium), a 1996 television episode

Music
 Dead Letters, an album by the Rasmus, 2003
 "Dead Letter", a song by Angelspit from Krankhaus, 2006
 "Dead Letters", a song by Katatonia from Dead End Kings, 2012

See also

 Letter (disambiguation)
 Dead (disambiguation)
The 1973–74 SK Rapid Wien season was the 76th season in club history.

Squad

Squad and statistics

Squad statistics

Fixtures and results

League

Cup

Cup Winners' Cup

References

1973-74 Rapid Wien Season
Rapid
ATP-binding cassette sub-family D member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ABCD3 gene.

Function 

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the ALD subfamily, which is involved in peroxisomal import of fatty acids and/or fatty acyl-CoAs in the organelle. All known peroxisomal ABC transporters are half transporters which require a partner half transporter molecule to form a functional homodimeric or heterodimeric transporter. This peroxisomal membrane protein likely plays an important role in peroxisome biogenesis.

Clinical significance 

Mutations have been associated with some forms of Zellweger syndrome, a heterogeneous group of peroxisome assembly disorders. However, this association was denied  and congenital bile acid synthesis defect-5 (CBAS5) was recently shown to be caused by homozygous mutation in the ABCD3 gene

See also 
 ATP-binding cassette transporter

Interactions 

ABCD3 has been shown to interact with PEX19.

References

Further reading

External links 
 
ABCD3 at The GDB Human Genome Database
 

ATP-binding cassette transporters
1015 Christa, provisional designation , is a dark background asteroid from the outermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately  in diameter. It was discovered on 31 January 1924, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The meaning of this asteroids's name is unknown.

Orbit and classification 

Christa is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the outermost asteroid belt at a distance of 2.9–3.5 AU once every 5 years and 9 months (2,096 days; semi-major axis of 3.21 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic.

The asteroid was first observed as  at the Simeiz Observatory in October 1916. The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg in February 1924, two days after its official discovery observation.

Physical characteristics 

In the Tholen classification, Christa is a common C-type asteroid, while in the SMASS classification, it is a Xc-subtype that transitions from the carbonaceous C-type to the X-type asteroids. It has also been characterized as a primitive P-type asteroid by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE).

Rotation period 

In April 2005, a first rotational lightcurve of Christa was obtained from photometric observations by French amateur astronomers Raymond Poncy and René Roy. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 12.189 hours with a brightness variation of 0.20 magnitude (). In January 2009, a refined period of 11.230 hours and an amplitude of 0.12 magnitude was measured by photometrist Brian Warner at his Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado, United States ().

Diameter and albedo 

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope, Christa measures between 82.35 and 101.04 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a low albedo between 0.04 and 0.064. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0459 with a diameter of 96.94 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.03.

1015 Christa has been observed to occult 8 stars between 2005 and 2023.

Naming 

Any reference of this minor planet's name to a person or occurrence is unknown.

Unknown meaning 

Among the many thousands of named minor planets, Christa is one of 120 asteroids, for which no official naming citation has been published. All of these low-numbered asteroids have numbers between  and  and were discovered between 1876 and the 1930s, predominantly by astronomers Auguste Charlois, Johann Palisa, Max Wolf and Karl Reinmuth.

Notes

References

External links 
 Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info )
 Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
 Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
 Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
 
 

001015
Discoveries by Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth
Named minor planets
001015
001015
19240131
The Tomahawk River is a river in the U.S. state of Wisconsin.

It is the largest tributary of the Wisconsin River in terms of flow.  It begins at Tomahawk Lake in southern Vilas County, flows through Oneida County, and terminates at Lake Mohawksin in Tomahawk.  It flows through the Willow Reservoir and Lake Nokomis (artificial reservoirs), and Kawaguesaga Lake and Minocqua Lake (natural lakes).

At one time the Tomahawk River was known as the Little Wisconsin River.  Historically it was part of the most important north-south travel route in Wisconsin for both Indians and non-Indians (fur traders).

References

External links

Rivers of Wisconsin
Bodies of water of Vilas County, Wisconsin
Rivers of Oneida County, Wisconsin
Rivers of Lincoln County, Wisconsin
The Batasia Loop is a spiral railway created to lower the gradient of ascent of the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway in Darjeeling district of West Bengal, India. At this point, the track spirals around over itself through a tunnel and over a hilltop. It was commissioned in 1919.

Location
It is  from Darjeeling, below Ghum. There is also a memorial to the Gorkha soldiers of the Indian Army who sacrificed their lives after the Indian Independence in 1947.

See also
Chowrasta
Balloon loop
 History of Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
 Zig zag (railway)

References

External links

 About Batasia Loop
Batasia Loop Travel Information North Bengal Tourism

Tourist attractions in Darjeeling
Mountain railways in India
1919 establishments in India
1919 in rail transport
Rail transport in West Bengal
Railway loop lines
Transport in Darjeeling
Rajive Bagrodia is an Indian-American computer scientist and entrepreneur.  He is the Founder and Chief Technical Officer of Scalable Network Technologies as well as an emeritus professor of computer science at UCLA.

Education and research

Rajive Bagrodia received his Bachelor of Technology in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, and his MA and Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Texas at Austin. As a Professor of Computer Science at UCLA, his areas of research included wireless networks, mobile computing & communications, network simulation & analysis, and parallel & distributed computing. He led a research team in mobile computing and parallel and distributed programming and developed simulations systems such as Maisie, Parsec, and GloMoSim. This research was funded by The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under the Design of Mobile Adaptive Networks Using Simulation and Agent Technology(DOMAINS) project at UCLA. Given these results in performance prediction for complex, large-scale computer and communication systems, he founded Scalable Network Technologies in 1999.

Bagrodia has continued to conduct a prolific amount of research. He has published over 150 research papers in Computer Science journals and spoken at international conferences on high performance computing, wireless networking, and parallel simulation. He has also provided commentary on issues relating to cyberwarfare and warfighter training.

References

UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science faculty
IIT Bombay alumni
American computer scientists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Shab Tra is a Tibetan cuisine dish of stir-fried meat tossed with celery, carrots and fresh green chili.

See also
 List of Tibetan dishes

Tibetan cuisine