Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The Nadikudi–Srikalahasti section is an ongoing railway section project of the Indian Railways. The section falls under the administration of Guntur of South Central Railway Zone. This serves as alternative route to Delhi–Chennai and Howrah–Chennai routes.

The project 

The project was sanctioned in the year 2010–11. It connects Secunderabad–Guntur branch line at  of Guntur district and Gudur–Katpadi branch line at  of Nellore district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The total length of the section is  estimated cost of the project is . The railway stations of which lies between the nodal stations are Nekarikallu, Rompicherla, , Gundlakamma, Darsi, Podili, Kanigiri, Pamuru, Vinjamuru, Atmakuru, Rapur and .

Phase-1 
Nadikudi (Guntur–Hyderabad route) to Savalyapuram (Guntur–Guntakal route) track, trial run completed. Electrification proposals for the completed route are sent to Higher authorities. By the end of 2018, this new route will be added to Guntur–Guntakal route.
DRM Guntur says that project deadline is 2022. At Rapur railway station (junction) both Nadikudi–Srikalahasti and Krishnapatnam–Obulavaripalle railway line cross each other.

Proposed list of stations 
It starts from Nadikudi railway Junction in Secunderabad–Guntur lane and passes through Piduguralla and from there new line starts with Nakarikallu, Rompicherla and connects with Guntur–Gunthakal section at Savalyapuram and passes through Vinukonda and again enters new line from Gundlakamma which passes through Darsi, Podili, Kanigiri, Pamuru, Vinjamuru, Dubagunta, Atmakuru, Obulayapalle, Rapuru and finally connects Venkatagiri at Gudur–Renigunta section.

References

Rail transport in Telangana
Guntur railway division
Vijayawada railway division
5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India
Proposed railway lines in India
Proposed infrastructure in Andhra Pradesh
Waggarandall is a locality in northern Victoria, Australia in the southern area of the local government area of Shire of Moira.

Waggarandall post office opened on 12 February 1879 and was closed on 31 December 1964.

References

External links

Towns in Victoria (state)
Shire of Moira
The Indian onion crisis of 2010 involved the dramatic rise in the cost of onions across markets in India. The crisis was caused by errant rainfall in the onion producing regions which led to a shortage of onion production. The crisis caused political tension in the country and was described as "a grave concern" by then Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.

Background
Onions are considered an important ingredient of most Indian cooking, providing the pungent foundation for curries and other dishes. Onion prices have been an important political issue: they were regarded as the decisive factor in the 1998 state elections in Delhi and Rajasthan, and were responsible for bringing down the central government in 1980. India is the second largest onion producer in the world, after China.

Forty-five percent of the onions produced in India come from the states of Maharashtra and Karnataka. In November 2010, unseasonal and excessive rainfall in onion-producing regions such as Nashik in Maharashtra delayed the arrival of onions in markets. In December, when fresh crop usually begins to arrive, onion shipments were reduced from 2000 to 3000 tons a day to 700-800 tons a day in New Delhi markets, raising the price of onion from  to  per kg in the period of one week. The price on some online portals was significantly lower, about 30-40/kg.

Aftermath
Wary of historical precedent, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and his government responded forcefully by banning onion exports, lowering import taxes and by getting in shipments of onions from neighbouring Pakistan. In late December, following government restrictions on exports, wholesale onion prices went down to  per kg in metropolitan markets.

Along with errant rainfall, hoarding, official incompetence and price-ramping by traders have also been blamed for the crisis. The Times of India, in a back-of-the-envelope calculation alleged that wholesale retailers and speculative traders in New Delhi charged a markup of over 135%, taking in profits of over  a day. The opposition Bharatiya Janata Party blamed the crisis on policy decision on exports and imports. Responding to a call from the opposition, 20,000 people demonstrated on the streets of New Delhi to protest the price rise and corruption in the government. The protesters included women and children wearing garlands of onions to symbolize inflation in the prices of basic commodities.

In 2015 the retail prices of onions shot up again to INR 80/kg in Delhi. In Pakistan onions were retailing for PKR 40-50/kg.

See also
2010 United States tomato shortage

References

Economic history of India
Indian Onion Crisis, 2010
Onions
Agricultural marketing in India
Indian Onion Crisis, 2010
Manmohan Singh administration
History of agriculture in India
Food politics
Hypolycaena kakumi, the Kakum fairy hairstreak, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in eastern Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria (the southern part of the country and the Cross River loop), Cameroon and the Republic of the Congo. The habitat consists of forests.

References

Butterflies described in 1997
Hypolycaenini
The American Indian Council of Architects and Engineers (AICAE) is a non-profit organization that promotes the development of American Indian professionals in the fields of architecture and engineering. The AICAE encourages the training, licensure and continuing education of American Indians in these professions.  As of 2020, the council has over 200 members from over 20 states in the United States. The AICAE publishes a newsletter, directory, and holds conferences semiannually.

The AICAE was founded on June 23, 1975 by a small group of American Indian professionals in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Co-founders included Louis L. Weller, a Caddo/Cherokee architect from Shiprock, New Mexico, Neal A. McCaleb, a Chickasaw engineer from Oklahoma, Denby Deegan of the Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara Nation, and Leon W. Shirley of the Navajo Nation. Other original group founders included Charles Archumbault, Ernest Echohawk, Denis Numkena, Leroy Brown and Wakon Redbird. 

Members of the AICAE provide a full range of architectural and engineering services to a range of clients including tribes and Alaska Natives, federal agencies, state agencies and local governments.

There is an annual conference held most recently in September 2019 in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Publications

See also
American Indian Science and Engineering Society

References

Sources

Further reading

External links
 

.
Native American organizations
American engineering organizations
Architecture organizations based in the United States
Educational organizations based in the United States
Non-profit organizations based in Arizona
Organizations based in Phoenix, Arizona
Scientific organizations established in 1976
1976 establishments in Arizona
Charities based in Arizona
Native American engineers
Pen-y-clawdd Farmhouse, Raglan, Monmouthshire is a gentry house dating from the early 17th century. Owned by the Bradburys, High Sheriffs of Monmouthshire, and later by the Williams family and then the Prichards of Penallt, it remains a privately owned farmhouse. The building is Grade II* listed.

History
Sir Cyril Fox and Lord Raglan, in their three-volume guide Monmouthshire Houses, give building dates for the house from 1600 to 1680. Cadw suggests a longer construction period, from the mid-16th to the early 18th centuries.
 The owners in the 18th century were the Bradburys, High Sheriffs of Monmouthshire, "whose extravagant living ruined the estate". During the Bradbury's tenure, the Swearing Room in the house was used as a courtroom. The farm subsequently had a number of owners from the Monmouthshire gentry and remains the working farmhouse of a privately owned farm.

Architecture and description
The architectural historian John Newman describes Pen-y-clawdd as "a well-preserved farmhouse demonstrating the typical improvements of a family going up in the world". The building is of whitewashed rubble and constructed to a height of two storeys with attics. The interior includes the panelled Swearing Room, and an upper chamber with a fireplace decorated with Delft tiles depicting Biblical scenes. The farmhouse has a Grade II* listing, its listing describing it as "a substantial 17th century house of the minor gentry". The farm's large, red-brick and timber barn has a separate Grade II listing. Fox and Raglan give a date for the barn of the late 17th century.

Notes

References 
 
 

Grade II* listed buildings in Monmouthshire
Country houses in Wales
Grade II* listed houses
David O'Donoghue may refer to:

 David James O'Donoghue (1866–1917), Irish biographer and editor
 David O'Donoghue (historian) (born 1952), Irish journalist and historian
 Dave O'Donoghue (1885–1960), Australian rules footballer

See also
 David O'Donahue, American general
The Bonifacio Transport Corporation, or more commonly known as BGC Bus or formerly The Fort Bus, is an intercity bus company in Metro Manila, the Philippines, serving routes that connect Makati, Bonifacio Global City, and Taguig.

The company is a subsidiary of the Fort Bonifacio Development Corporation (FBDC), an affiliate company under the Ayala Corporation. The bus system uses the Beep contactless smart card as a mode of electronic payment.

History

Founded in 1998, the Bonifacio Transport Corporation was established under the Fort Bonifacio Development Corporation (FBDC). It was formed through an initial fleet of 24 buses — 10 of which are Mercedes-Benz buses and the rest are Nissan Diesel units — as an intercity transport system to and from the adjacent business districts of Bonifacio Global City and Ayala Center.

In 2008, six Mercedes-Benz O500M 1725 buses were deployed by FBDC, followed by an additional 14 buses to keep up with passenger demand. In the same year, HM Transport Inc. and the Bonifacio Transport Corporation signed an agreement, allowing the use of HM Transport buses to serve routes to and from Bonifacio Global City. As a result, a weekday bus route between the Market! Market! shopping mall in Taguig, EDSA, and Kalayaan Avenue was established.

In 2016, the BGC Bus replaced its TapBGC contactless smart card with AF Payments Inc's Beep card. A limited public trial was conducted from June 11 to 26, and was fully rolled out on June 27, 2016.

Fleet

Bonifacio Transport Corp. utilizes and maintains Mercedes-Benz buses.

Mercedes-Benz
Almazora Tourist Star
MCV Evolution C120 LE

Routes
BGC Bus operates primarily on 11 different routes with terminals at the McKinley Exchange Corporate Center along EDSA in Makati or at the Market! Market! mall in Taguig. On August 7, 2017, express bus routes were introduced. All times are in Philippine Standard Time (UTC+08:00).

See also
 List of bus routes in Metro Manila
 List of bus companies of the Philippines
 Premium Point-to-Point Bus Service

References

Bus companies of the Philippines
Bus transportation in Metro Manila
Companies based in Bonifacio Global City
The Women's omnium was held on 17–18 October 2015. 19 riders competed across six events.

Results

Scratch race
Standings after 1 event.

Individual pursuit
Standings after 2 events.

Elimination race
Standings after 3 events.

500m time trial
Standings after 4 events.

Flying lap
Standings after 5 events.

Points race and final standings
Riders' points from the previous 5 events were carried into the points race, in which the final standings were decided.

References

Women's omnium
European Track Championships – Women's omnium
Clifford Nii Boi Tagoe,  (born 6 October 1949) is a Ghanaian academic who is the former Vice Chancellor of the University of Ghana. He has been teaching anatomy for over 25 years in Ghana and abroad and in 2000 he became Professor of Anatomy and Dean at the University of Ghana Medical School. In 2005, he became acting vice chancellor of the university. He served for five years and was succeeded in 2010 by Ernest Aryeetey.

Education
Tagoe was born in Accra, Ghana. After his Common Entrance Examination at Richard Akwei Memorial School, he gained admission to St Augustine's College in Cape Coast, where he studied for his 'O'- and 'A'-Level examinations. Professor Tagoe holds a bachelor's degree in Medicine and Surgery (MB., ChB.) from the University of Ghana and PhD in Anatomy (1983) from the University of Leicester, UK.

Career
Professor Clifford Nii Boi Tagoe is a past Vice-Chancellor of the University of Ghana, a position he held from October, 2006 to July, 2010.  Prior to this he held office as Dean of the University of Ghana Medical School and also Provost of the College of Health Sciences of the University of Ghana.   Over the years, he has served on numerous Boards and Committees of the university, and was a member of the University Council between 1995 and 1997.

As Vice-Chancellor, he attended several Higher Education Conferences and presented papers on topics including "Provision and Financing of Higher Education in Africa", "Some Aspects of Intra- and Inter-Regional Cooperation in Africa" and "International Code of Ethics for Higher Education".

He was the current President of the Anatomical Society of West Africa, a Member of the Council of the Association of Commonwealth Universities and a member of the Administrative Board of the International Association of Universities.

In 2008, the Government of Ghana conferred on him the national honour of the Order of the Volta, for services to higher education in Ghana.

References

1949 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Leicester
Ga-Adangbe people
Vice-Chancellors of the University of Ghana
Recipients of the Order of the Volta
University of Ghana alumni
St. Augustine's College (Cape Coast) alumni
Academic staff of the University of Ghana Medical School
University of Ghana Medical School alumni
Sabrina Kolker (born September 14, 1980) is a Canadian rower who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens and the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.

Kolker was born in Comox, British Columbia, and grew up in West Vancouver. She attended high school at Phillips Exeter Academy and then attended Stanford University.

References 

Canadian female rowers
Phillips Exeter Academy alumni
Stanford University alumni
Olympic rowers for Canada
Rowers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Rowers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
1980 births
Living people
People from Comox, British Columbia
The log-spectral distance (LSD), also referred to as log-spectral distortion  or root mean square log-spectral distance, is a distance measure between two spectra. The log-spectral distance between spectra  and  is defined as p-norm:

  where  and  are power spectra.

Unlike the Itakura–Saito distance, the log-spectral distance is symmetric.

In speech coding, log spectral distortion for a given frame is defined as the root mean square difference between the original LPC log power spectrum and the quantized or interpolated LPC log power spectrum. Usually the average of spectral distortion over a large number of frames is calculated and that is used as the measure of performance of quantization or interpolation.

Meaning 
When measuring the distortion between signals, the scale or temporality/spatiality of the signals can have different levels of significance to the distortion measures. To incorporate the proper level of significance, the signals can be transformed into a different domain.

When the signals are transformed into the spectral domain with transformation methods such as Fourier transform and DCT, the spectral distance is the measure to compare the transformed signals. LSD incorporates the logarithmic characteristics of the power spectra, and it becomes effective when the processing task of the power spectrum also has logarithmic characteristics, e.g. human listening to the sound signal with different levels of loudness.

Moreover, LSD is equal to the cepstral distance which is the distance between the signals' cepstrum when the p-numbers are the same by Parseval's theorem.

Other Representations 
As LSD is in the form of p-norm, it can be represented with different p-numbers and log scales.

For instance, when it is expressed in dB with L2 norm, it is defined as:
.

When it is represented in the discrete space, it is defined as:
 where  and  are power spectra in discrete space.

See also 
 Itakura–Saito distance

References 

Signal processing
Christian Engstrand (born November 8, 1988) is a Swedish professional ice hockey goaltender. He is currently under contract with Graz99ers of the ICE Hockey League (ICEHL).

Playing career
Engstrand has previously played for Mora IK of the HockeyAllsvenskan (Allsv). Engstrand signed for Medveščak Zagreb, a Croatian team in the KHL on August 19, 2014. After just one preseason game with Zagreb, Engstrand was released by the club on August 29, 2014.

Following a shortened stint with HC Nové Zámky, Engstrand left the club after 9 games and joined Austrian based, Graz99ers of the ICEHL.

References

External links

1988 births
Living people
AIK IF players
Fehérvár AV19 players
Almtuna IS players
Espoo Blues players
Graz 99ers players
Linköping HC players
Mora IK players
IK Oskarshamn players
IF Troja/Ljungby players
Swedish ice hockey goaltenders
HC Nové Zámky players
Sportspeople from Linköping
Ice hockey people from Östergötland County
Swedish expatriate ice hockey people
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in Austria
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in Slovakia
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in Hungary
Expatriate ice hockey players in Austria
Expatriate ice hockey players in Hungary
Expatriate ice hockey players in Slovakia
Norborne Berkeley may refer to:

 Norborne Berkeley, 4th Baron Botetourt (c. 1717–1770), British courtier, member of parliament, and royal governor of the colony of Virginia
 Norborne Berkeley (American football) (1891–1964), American football player and director of the Bethlehem Steel Company
 Norborne Berkeley (soldier) (1824–1911), Virginia planter, politician and Confederate Army officer
Dryandra ser. Plumosae is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra (now Banksia ser. Dryandra). It was published by Alex George in 1996, but discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sank Dryandra into Banksia.

Publication
George published the series in his 1996 "New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra R.Br.", naming it after the type species, D. plumosa (now Banksia plumosa). It was defined as containing three species, D. plumosa, D. pseudoplumosa (now B. pseudoplumosa) and D. montana (now B. montana. All three species are dense bushy shrubs, without a lignotuber; and all have long hairs on the stems and about the flower heads. In addition, all three are restricted to western parts of the Esperance Plains region of Western Australia, between the Stirling Range and the Fitzgerald River region.

George's placement and circumscription of D. ser. Plumosae, as amended in his 1999 treatment of Dryandra for the Flora of Australia series, and in 2005, may be summarised as follows:

Dryandra (now Banksia ser. Dryandra)
D. subg. Dryandra
D. ser. Floribundae (1 species, 4 varieties)
D. ser. Armatae (21 species, 7 subspecies, 4 varieties)
D. ser. Marginatae (1 species)
D. ser. Folliculosae (1 species, 5 varieties)
D. ser. Acrodontae (4 species, 2 varieties)
D. ser. Capitellatae (2 species, 2 subspecies)
D. ser. Ilicinae (3 species, 2 varieties)
D. ser. Dryandra (3 species, 2 subspecies)
D. ser. Foliosae (3 species, 2 subspecies)
D. ser. Decurrentes (1 species)
D. ser. Tenuifoliae (2 species, 2 varieties)
D. ser. Runcinatae (4 species, 7 subspecies)
D. ser. Triangulares (3 species, 3 subspecies)
D. ser. Aphragma (9 species, 3 subspecies)
D. ser. Ionthocarpae (1 species, 2 subspecies)
D. ser. Inusitatae (1 species)
D. ser. Subulatae (1 species)
D. ser. Gymnocephalae (11 species, 4 subspecies, 2 varieties)
D. ser. Plumosae
D. plumosa (now Banksia plumosa)
D. plumosa subsp. plumosa (now Banksia plumosa subsp. plumosa)
D. plumosa subsp. denticulata (now Banksia plumosa subsp. denticulata)
D. pseudoplumosa (now Banksia pseudoplumosa)
D. montana (now Banksia montana)
D. ser. Concinnae (3 species)
D. ser. Obvallatae (7 species, 2 varieties)
D. ser. Pectinatae (1 species)
D. ser. Acuminatae (1 species)
D. ser. Niveae
D. subg. Hemiclidia (2 species)
D. subg. Diplophragma (1 species)

Abandonment
Since 1998, Austin Mast has been publishing results of ongoing cladistic analyses of DNA sequence data for the subtribe Banksiinae. His analyses have provided compelling evidence of the paraphyly of Banksia with respect to Dryandra; that is, it seems that Dryandra arose from within the ranks of Banksia. Early in 2007, Mast and Kevin Thiele initiated a rearrangement of Banksia by sinking Dryandra into it as B. ser. Dryandra. This transfer necessitated the setting aside of George's infrageneric arrangement of Dryandra; thus D. ser. Plumosae is no longer current. Mast and Thiele have foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of Dryandra is complete.

References

External links
 

ser. Plumosae
Historically recognized angiosperm taxa
Plant series
Magic words are often nonsense phrases used in fantasy fiction or by stage magicians. 

Magic word or Magic words may also refer to:

Computing
In MediaWiki, a system that makes make system information, such as the current time, available to templates and editors
Hexspeak, hexadecimal "words" used in byte code to identify a specific file or data format are known as magic numbers
Magic string, an input that a programmer believes will never come externally and which activates otherwise hidden functionality
Xyzzy (computing), the first magic word encountered in Colossal Cave Adventure and often used as a meta-syntactic variable

Other uses
Kotodama, the Japanese belief that mystical powers dwell in words and names, sometimes translated as "magic words" in English
Magical formula, words or formulae used in ceremonial magic
Magic words (baseball), words that will likely see a player ejected from the game if directed at an umpire
Magic words (politics), words or phrases as illustrative of speech that qualified as "express advocacy" in relation to United States politics
"Please" and "thank you", often referred to as the magic word or magic words when teaching children manners, see Etiquette

See also
Alan Moore's Magic Words, comics adaptations of four songs by Alan Moore
Incantation, a magical formula intended to trigger a magical effect on a person or objects
Mantra, a sacred word, words or syllables in Sanskrit, Pali and other languages
Deshbandhu means "friend of the nation" in Hindi and Bengali, and may refer to:

Deshbandhu, popular name of Chittaranjan Das, lawyer noted for his role in the Indian independence movement
Deshbandhu (newspaper)
Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi 
Deshbandhu College for Girls in Kolkata
Deshbandhu Mahavidyalaya, college in Chittaranjan, Burdwan district, West Bengal
People
Deshbandhu Gupta (1901–1951), Indian freedom fighter
Desh Bandhu Gupta (1938–2017), Indian entrepreneur 
Desh Bandu, common nickname for Adrian Cola Rienzi (b. Krishna Deonarine Tiwari), Indo-Trinidadian lawyer, politician and trade unionist

Other 

 Deshbandhu Group, Bangladeshi conglomerate
Wargame Design: The History, Production, and Use of Conflict Simulation Games is a book published by Simulations Publications, Inc. in 1977.

Contents
Wargame Design is a 186-page book that provides information on games useful for both game designers and historians of the games hobby, as well as a game bibliography, a glossary and a list of symbols used in games.

Reception
G. Arthur Rahman reviewed Wargame Design in The Space Gamer No. 15. Rahman commented that "As a final assessment, this reviewer shall compare Wargame Design to a very good recipe, with something left out. We welcome it as it stands, but we can use much more."

References

1977 non-fiction books
Wargaming books