Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Logocracy is the rule of, or government by, words. It is derived from the Greek λόγος (logos)—"word" and from κράτος (kratos)—to "govern". The term can be used either positively, ironically, or negatively.

Historical examples
The United States is described as a logocracy in Washington Irving's 1807 work Salmagundi. A visiting foreigner, "Mustapha Rub-a-dub Keli Khan", describes it as such, by which he means that via the tricky use of words, one can have power over others. Those most adept at this are termed "slang-whangers", while Congress is a "blustering, windy assembly". Mustapha describes how:
"unknown to these people themselves, their government is a pure unadulterated LOGOCRACY or government of words. The whole nation does every thing viva voce, or, by word of mouth, and in this manner is one of the most military nations in existence [...] In a logocracy thou well knowest there is little or no occasion for fire arms, or any such destructive weapons. Every offensive or defensive measure is enforced by wordy battle, and paper war; he who has the longest tongue or readiest quill, is sure to gain the victory—will carry horror, abuse, and ink shed into the very trenches of the enemy, and without mercy or remorse, put men, women, and children to the point of the—pen!"

The Soviet Union was described by Nobel Prize winner Czesław Miłosz as a logocracy. It was for example, according to Christine D. Tomei, a "pseudo-reality created by mere words". Moreover, after the revolution Luciano Pellicani describes how a "language reform plan" was introduced by Kisselev. In it he "stressed that the old mentality would never be overthrown, if the structure of the Russian language was not also transformed and purged."

This process led to a Soviet language that George Orwell would later dub "neo-language", and was a precursor to his Nineteen Eighty-Four Newspeak. The new Soviet 'language' was less a real language than an 'orthogloxy', a "stereotyped jargon consisting of formulas and empty slogans, whose purpose was to prevent people from thinking outside the boundaries of collective thought"—i.e. it was speech which destroyed individuality. Janina Frentzel-Zagórska, however, queries the importance of political language in the USSR, saying that "the old ideological 'Newspeak' had completely disappeared in the Soviet Union long before" the fall of Communism.

Totalitarianism, according to political theorist Hannah Arendt, can be considered a logocracy, since in it ideas are no longer important, just how they are expressed.

Academic Yahya Michot has referred to Sunni Islam as a "popular" or "laic logocracy", in that it is government by the word of the Koran.

See also 
 Linguistic relativity
 Political correctness

References

Forms of government
Mujeres Amazónicas Defensoras de la Selva de las Bases frente al Extractivismo (English: Amazonian Women Defending the Forest from Extractivism), also known as Mujeres Amazónicas (English: Amazonian Women), is an Indigenous environmental rights group. The group is made up of more than 100 women from seven nationalities of the Ecuadorian Amazon and advocates for the protection of nature, territory, women's rights, health, education, and Indigenous culture in Ecuador.

History 
Mujeres Amazónicas began their activism in 2013 in response to the Ecuadorian government selling oil concessions to companies, allowing for the exploration and extraction of oil within certain areas. The organization consists of women from various backgrounds and ages, specifically from the nations affected by exploration and extraction: the Achuar, Shiwiar, Sápara, Waorani, Shuar, Kichwa and Andoas. Leaders of the group include Patricia Gualinga, Margoth Escobar, Salomé Aranda, and Nema Grefa.

Activism 
Mujeres Amazónicas' activism focuses on addressing the effects of extractivism in Ecuador, including oil extraction, deforestation, mining, violations of Indigenous rights, climate change, and violence against women. Their activism is said to include elements of ecofeminism, a branch of feminism that considers environmentalism and the relationship between women and the earth as central to its practice.

In October 2013, Indigenous organizations from the southeastern Ecuadorian Amazon took part in a  march to Quito, Ecuador's capital. This was a response to the eleventh oil licensing round in their territories, which would allow for oil extraction. In the same year, they proposed a case to the Ecuadorian National Assembly to declare the Amazon Kawsak Sacha, or a “Living Forest,” which would encourage practices that build mutual relations between non-human and human entities in the Amazon.

In 2017, Mujeres Amazónicas met with Ecuador's President, Lenin Moreno, to demand changes to oil and mining practices in their territories. In December of the same year, he agreed to a moratorium on new auctions of oil and mining concessions unless informed and prior consent was given by local communities. However, in February of 2018, Moreno’s government announced a new oil auction and sold a number of new mining concessions.

In March of 2018, Mujeres Amazónicas, along with other Indigenous activist groups, organized a march to the capital of Ecuador, Quito, with the goal of meeting with President Lenin Moreno once again. Mujeres Amazónicas sought to present their Mandate of Grassroots’ Amazonian Women Defenders of the Rainforest Against Extractivism, which outlined 22 demands addressing land rights, climate change, and gender-based violence. However, these demands remain unmet.

Through their activism and collaboration with organizations such as Amazon Watch, Mujeres Amazónicas have increased global awareness of Ecuador’s Indigenous struggle to protect and conserve their environment.

References

Environmentalism in Ecuador
2013 establishments in Ecuador
Resource extraction
Agartala City Baptist Church (Krishnanagar Baptist Church)  is a Baptist Church in the city of Agartala, the capital of Tripura state in India. It is affiliated to the Tripura Baptist Christian Union (TBCU) and is located in Krishnanagar locality in the central part of Agartala city.

History
The Church was set up in 1987 by some Christians leaders of that time. As time evolved the church grew in members and in faith.  there are more than 130 registered members.

Community 

Pastor : 
 Rev. Rana Kusum Debbarma

Deacons: Deacon Kajal Debbarma, Deacon Abhijit Debbarma & Chandra Mani Debbarma.
 
  

Committee:
 Secretary: Mr. Bilas Debbarma
 Treasurer:Mr. Chitta Ranjan Debbarma
 Youth Secretary: Mr. Pitor Debbarma
 Youth Treasurer: Ms. Elizabeth Debbarma
 Women Secretary:

Membership 
There are more than  130 registered members.

Affiliation 
The church comes under the Jamilwng Pastoral Circle of the Sadar North Baptist Association of TBCU.

See also 
 National Liberation Front of Tripura
 Agartala Baptist Church
 AKSB

Notes and references

Baptist churches in India
Christian organizations established in 1987
Churches in Agartala
Tripura Baptist Christian Union
The Serbian Coordination Directorate (in Serbian Координациона управа / Koordinaciona uprava) is an authority which is responsible for issuing Serbian passports to Serbian citizens residing in Kosovo.

In the process of granting visa-free travel to the Schengen Area, the European Union urged Serbia to found such a special authority for its citizens residing in Kosovo as the European Union considered it impossible for Serbia to evaluate the issuing of original source documents needed to apply for a passport and the integrity of the procedures applied by Serbia to check the authenticity of documents provided by applicants for that purpose. In July 2009, Serbia founded the Serbian Coordination Directorate.

Serbian passports issued by the Serbian Coordination Directorate do not allow the holder to enter the Schengen Area without a visa, even for a stay of less than three months within half a year. Holders of these passports have to apply for visas to travel to the European Union in Pristina, Skoplje or Tirana, not Belgrade. Or they can apply for a Kosovan Passport.

Serbian citizens with passports issued by other authorities enjoy such a privilege.

As of 18. April 2023 EU Parliament have approved visa liberalisation with Kosovo. Starting January 2024, Holders of a Kosovan passports will be allowed to travel to the EU –and EU citizens to go to Kosovo- without requesting a visa, for periods of up to 90 days in any 180-day period.

References

Government of Serbia
Foreign relations of Serbia
Kosovo–Serbia relations
Kosovo Serbs
Shirley J. Winsley (born June 9, 1934) is an American politician who served in the Washington House of Representatives from the 28th district from 1974 to 1975, from 1977 to 1983, and from 1985 to 1993, and in the Washington State Senate, representing the 28th district from 1993 to 2004.

References

External links

1934 births
Living people
Members of the Washington House of Representatives
Pierce County Councillors
Washington (state) state senators
Washington (state) Democrats
Washington (state) Republicans
Women state legislators in Washington (state)
The 1896 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1896.

Incumbent Republican Governor William H. Upham retired.

Republican nominee Edward Scofield defeated Democratic nominee Willis C. Silverthorn with 59.67% of the vote.

General election

Candidates
Major party candidates
Willis C. Silverthorn, Democratic, Democratic nominee for Wisconsin's 8th congressional district in 1880, Democratic nominee for Attorney General of Wisconsin in 1884
Edward Scofield, Republican, former State Senator

Other candidates
Joshua H. Berkey, Prohibition, temperance lecturer
Christ Tuttrop, Socialist Labor
Robert Henderson, National, Prohibitionist nominee for Wisconsin State Senate in 1892

Results

References

Bibliography
 
 
 

1896
Wisconsin
Gubernatorial
Eva Sanches Pereira (born 22 March 1989) is a Cape Verdean middle distance runner.

Pereira first competed for Cape Verde at the 2005 World Youth Championships in Athletics in Marrakesh, Morocco where she placed 15th in the Girls' 3000 metres in a personal best time of 11:53.24. Two years later at the 2009 Lusophony Games in Lisbon, Portugal she placed 6th in the 10,000 metres with a time of 44:56. The following month she ran the 1500 metres in 5:04.95 at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics in Berlin.

Personal bests
Below are Eva Pereira's personal best times.

References

1989 births
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Cape Verdean female long-distance runners
World Athletics Championships athletes for Cape Verde
Cape Verdean female middle-distance runners
Justin Marion Stein (August 9, 1911 – May 1, 1992), nicknamed "Ott", was an infielder in Major League Baseball. He played for the Philadelphia Phillies and Cincinnati Reds.

References

External links

1911 births
1992 deaths
Major League Baseball infielders
Philadelphia Phillies players
Cincinnati Reds players
Baseball players from St. Louis
Baltimore Orioles (International League) players
Bloomington Bloomers players
Columbus Red Birds players
Decatur Commodores players
Elmira Red Wings players
Greensboro Patriots players
Houston Buffaloes players
Milwaukee Brewers (AA) players
Rochester Red Wings players
San Antonio Missions players
Springfield Redbirds players
Saint Louis Billikens baseball players
Ulrike "Uli" Herzner (born 23 April 1971) is a fashion designer originally from East Germany, currently living in Miami Beach, Florida. She was a contestant on the third season of the Bravo network reality television series Project Runway, where she finished runner-up to Jeffrey Sebelia. She starred in her own show, It's Very Uli on Plum TV, and finished as second runner-up on season 2 of Project Runway All-Stars.

Herzner is a freelance stylist, and sells dresses at boutiques in Palm Beach and on her website.

References

German women fashion designers
German expatriates in the United States
Artists from Miami
1971 births
Living people
Project Runway (American series) participants
Burleigh H. Murray Ranch is a property in the state park system of California in the United States. It is a valley ranch located in San Mateo County inland from Half Moon Bay. The ranch was established in 1857 and became a  park in 1979. It was purchased by the State of California in 1983.

A trail from the parking area consists of the old ranch road along Mills Creek. After a mile it passes a 1930s bungalow that serves as a park residence. The valley narrows between steep chaparral-covered hills. The terrain is navigable for another mile above the Mills Barn and water tanks, until the trail fades into the dense growth of stinging nettles, poison oak, and coyote brush.

History
Burleigh H. Murray was born on the ranch July 19, 1865. His father came to California from Vermont during the California Gold Rush and worked as a miner in Auburn. In 1857 he settled on the ranch and began a successful dairy farm.

The Mills Barn, an English-style bank barn beside Mills Creek, is maintained but not restored. It is the only building of this type in California. The foundation of the barn and other buildings, including an un-reinforced arched stone bridge, rely on Italian masonry techniques dating back to Roman times. The barn was originally  in length and could house 100 dairy cows.

See also
 List of California state parks

References

State parks of California
Parks in San Mateo County, California
Protected areas established in 1979
Ranches in California
1857 establishments in California
(also known as ) (born 1927 – July 5, 2013) was a Japanese swordsmith.

Amata followed his father Amata Sadayoshi into the trade of sword-making after the latter died in 1937, moving to Tokyo from his home in Niigata Prefecture in order to enroll in a specialist sword-making school. This school, the Nihonto Tanren Denshu Jo, was run by the noted swordsmith Kurihara Hikosaburo, who originally employed Amata as a masseur before teaching him the basics of sword-making when the boy was thirteen. Amata worked at Kurihara's institute for the next six years.

After leaving Tokyo, Amata returned to his home village. He resided there since, claiming that the local water and clay (which contains a large amount of iron oxide) were very suitable for the yaki-ire (hardening process) of sword manufacture. He also smelted his own tamahagane steel at home.

After the Second World War the American occupying forces prohibited the manufacture of traditional swords in Japan. When the ban was partially lifted, Amata was awarded an official swordsmith's licence from the Cultural Properties Protection Committee in 1954; that same year he won the Yushu-wo prize at the first National Sword-Forging Competition.

An illness at 33 rendered Amata an invalid for eight years. However, after his recovery he went on to win the Masamune Prize (the highest accolade) at the New Katana Sword Exhibition in 1968; he also won the same award at the Sword-Forging Competition in 1977, 1985 and 1996. In 1997 he was named as a Living National Treasure of Japan.

Amata was the Chairman of the All Japan Swordsmith's Association and a director of the Nihon Bijutsu Token Hozon Kyokai.

References

Japanese swordsmiths
1927 births
2013 deaths
Living National Treasures of Japan
People from Niigata Prefecture
20th-century Japanese people
21st-century Japanese people
Rachel Yurkovich (born October 10, 1986) is an American javelin thrower. She competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.

Yurkovich graduated from Newberg High School in Newberg, Oregon in 2005. She graduated from the University of Oregon in 2009. She was the NCAA women’s javelin champion in both 2008 and 2009. She placed 11th in the finals of the javelin throw at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics.

Yurkovich placed third at the 2008 U.S. Olympic trials, but failed to qualify for the Games because she had not achieved the Olympic A standard. The situation was reversed in 2012. Yurkovich place fourth in the 2012 U.S. Olympic trials with a distance of 56.85 meters, but qualified because she had previously achieved the Olympic A standard while third-place finisher Kimberley Hamilton had not. Yurkovich had exceeded the A standard by three inches at an April meet in France. At the 2012 Olympics, Yurkovich's best throw during the qualifying round was 57.92 meters. She placed 13th in her group (24th overall) and did not qualify for the final. Yurkovich made an error in her steps on the first throw, committed a foot fault on the second throw, and achieved her best distance on her third throw.

Personal life
Yurkovich is married to a former Danish pole vaulter, Piotr Buciarski, who also competed for the University of Oregon. She and Piotr have two children together, Maya and Maksymilian.

References

External links

Verified Twitter account for Rachel Yurkovich
 IAAF profile for Rachel Yurkovic
 USATF profile for Rachel Yurkovich

1986 births
Living people
American female javelin throwers
Olympic track and field athletes for the United States
Athletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer Olympics
People from Newberg, Oregon
Oregon Ducks women's track and field athletes
Meisenheimer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Jakob Meisenheimer (1876–1934), German chemist
 Johannes Meisenheimer (1873–1933), German zoologist
 John L. Meisenheimer (born 1933), American chemist
 Lucky Meisenheimer (born 1957), American actor
Angel Manfredy (born October 30, 1974) is a Puerto Rican-American former professional boxer. Angel Manfredy was a popular fighter in the late 1990s.

Personal 
Manfredy, nicknamed El Diablo (The Devil) because of his reckless lifestyle and of his boxing style converted to Christianity after trying to commit suicide in his bed while on cocaine.

He wears a tattoo of the Puerto Rican Flag on his shoulder. Also he has a tattoo of the cross and a naked lady.

Amateur career 

Manfredy had an amateur record of 48–8.

Professional career 
Manfredy was known for his walk-ins to his matches wearing a latex mask depicting Satan, which he used until his fight with Floyd Mayweather and conversion to Apostolic Pentecostalism.

During his career, Manfredy defeated notable fighters, such as Arturo Gatti (by technical knockout), Ivan Robinson (by knockout), Jorge Páez, and Julio Díaz (by a split decision). He also fought  notables Floyd Mayweather Jr., Paul Spadafora and Diego Corrales. A frequent contender, Manfredy was a former WBU Super Featherweight champion, but lost in each of four attempts to capture a World Title. Manfredy currently has a record of 43-8-1 (32 knockouts).

Manfredy lost two of his first five fights, but then won 23 in a row, including wins over former champions such as Calvin Grove, and Jorge Páez, and top contenders such as Wilson Rodriguez, before landing his first major fight against Gatti, in the latter's hometown of Atlantic City. Manfredy, who was an underdog, dominated the fight, knocking Gatti down in the third round, and eventually stopping him on cuts in round 8.

Following this fight, Manfredy fought twice before fighting Floyd Mayweather Jr. in a major HBO television event. Manfredy was stopped in the second round after a barrage of punches. Manfredy called the stoppage premature and stated he was not injured. This was one of Manfredy's first fights in his new Christian personality, and celebrated having Kid Rock appear at the match singing for him during his walk-in.

Following this fight, Manfredy knocked out Ivan Robinson in what had been HBO's Boxing After Dark's highest-rated show of 1999. Manfredy then received another world title shot against Stevie Johnston in 1999, but was thoroughly outboxed. In 2002 Manfredy challenged Paul Spadafora for the International Boxing FederationWorld lightweight title. Spadafora beat Manfredy in a close decision. Manfredy last fought in 2004.

Training and Promoting 
In 2017 Manfredy took a position as a trainer and promoter in Crown Point, Indiana in a gym owned by boxer Ricky Carr.

See also 

 List of Puerto Rican boxing world champions

Professional boxing record

References

External links 
 
Official Website

1974 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Gary, Indiana
American boxers of Latin American descent
 Boxers from Indiana
Puerto Rican boxers
Converts to Christianity
Lightweight boxers
The Union Mondiale des Écrivains Médecins (UMEM) is a literary organization that brings medical writers around the world.

It was established in 1955 under the name Fédération Internationale des Sociétés des Medecins Écrivains (FISEM), only using its current name in 1973 in Warsaw on the occasion of its congress held that year.

When was FISEM, only few countries (France, Italy, Switzerland and Belgium) entities owned national medical writers.

Purpose 

The UMEM aims to allow its members a better understanding among all, establishing ties of friendship and understanding among medical writers of different nationalities, fostering their literary activity and helping to disseminate their work.

External links 
 Institutional site

 UMEM
Writers' organizations
Mubaarak (Somali: Mubarak, Arabic: مبارك, Romanized: Mubārak) is a town under the Governorate of Merca (Marka, Marca, Merka) City Mainland. The Shebelle River (Webi Shabeelie) flows through the east of Mubaarak. The Shabelle River flows south, and originates from the Ethiopian Highlands.

Geography
Mubaarak is located in the Qoriyoley District, in the South West State of Somalia. It is  from the national capital of Somalia, Mogadishu. The nearest airport to Mubaarak is the K50 Airstrip, and the singular road that connects the two is named Marka-Afgooye Road. Mubaarak is situated  above sea level.

Etymology
Mubarak (Mubaarak) is an Islam name meaning "Blessed". It comes from the Latinate name "Benidictus", or literally "Well Spoken".

See also 

Genale
Daru Salaam
Somaliland
Awdheegle
Mushaani
Baladul Amiin
Buulo Golweyn
Buulo Mareer
K50 Airstrip
Cagaarane
Ceel Jaalle
Bariire
Lambar 50

References 

Lower Shabelle
Monodilepas monilifera is a species of small sea snail or limpets, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Fissurellidae, the keyhole limpets. 

This species is known only from New Zealand. Shell size 13-35 mm.

Subspecies are:

 Monodilepas monilifera carnleyensis Powell, 1955
 Monodilepas monilifera cookiana Dell, 1953
 Monodilepas monilifera monilifera (Hutton, 1873)

References

 Powell A. W. B., William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland 1979 

Fissurellidae
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1873
The Religious Administration of Muslims of Crimea (RAMC, ; ) is the central religious administrative body for Muslims in Crimea. It was established in 1991.

In 2016, the Religious Administration of Muslims of Crimea, due to Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, was relocated to Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine.

The organization publishes its own literature and a daily newspaper called “Hidiaet,” in the Tatar language.

References

External links
Official site (in Ukraine)

Islam in Crimea
Organizations based in Crimea
Islamic organizations based in Ukraine