Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Kingsley-International Pictures is an American film importing and releasing agency, located in New York, active between 1952 and 1962 with its product distributed by Union Motion Picture Distributors. The company specializes in importing foreign art house film, mainly French but also some independent British titles, such as Carrington V.C. (1955), Lucky Jim (1957), The League of Gentlemen (1960), and Only Two Can Play (1962).

History

The company was started and run by Edward Kingsley (1914-1962), a pioneer in "art house" film distribution in the US. Kingsley began as a publicist for Paramount Pictures in 1933. In 1949, he began distributing French films in partnership with Arthur Mayer, another art house distribution pioneer, but after a few years he branched out on his own by starting Kingsley-International Pictures.

The company is mainly famous for two things: in 1957 it introduced Brigitte Bardot to the American audience via And God Created Woman, which created a Bardot fever in the USA, and it released the first film version of Lady Chatterley's Lover, the 1955 French film L'Amant de lady Chatterley, which in 1955 was banned by New York State Board of Regents, not because of any sex scenes, but because it "promoted adultery". The film was eventually released in 1959 after the US Supreme Court ruled the banning unconstitutional. That court ruling is seen as a landmark decision forming modern US views on censorship.

In 1956, the company became the art house subsidiary of Columbia Pictures, not because of a sudden interest from Columbia for foreign films in general, but as a way for the Hollywood major to distribute and make money from And God Created Woman without having to submit the film to the PCA for approval, which the company as member of the MPAA was obliged to do.

When Kingsley died in 1962, at the age of 47, the company was transferred to Kingsley Global. A company owned by the Kingsley Family.

References

External links

 Official Telegram Channel

Film distributors of the United States
The Lopper I Rail Tunnel is a railway tunnel in central Switzerland. The tunnel connects Hergiswil in the canton of Nidwalden with Alpnach in the canton of Obwalden. It forms part of the Zentralbahn Brünig line, which links Lucerne with Interlaken and the Bernese Oberland, between Hergiswil station and Alpnachstad station. It is  in length, and carries metre gauge () track electrified at 11 kV AC 16 2/3 Hz using overhead catenary. The tunnel runs under the Lopper, a shoulder of Mount Pilatus which extends into Lake Lucerne.

The Lopper I Tunnel is paralleled by the Lopper road tunnel, carrying the A8 motorway. The nearby Lopper II Tunnel is a rail tunnel on the Zentralbahn Luzern–Stans–Engelberg line, the two rail lines joining at Hergiswil station.

References 

Transport in Nidwalden
Transport in Obwalden
Railway tunnels in Switzerland
Senecio venosus is a species of Senecio in the family Asteraceae. It is endemic to South Africa, Botswana, and Zimbabwe.

References 

venosus

Flora of South Africa
Flora of Botswana
Flora of Zimbabwe
The Qʼanjobʼal (Kanjobal) are a Maya people in Guatemala. Their indigenous language is also called Qʼanjobʼal.

Notes

Indigenous peoples in Guatemala
Huehuetenango Department
Maya peoples of Guatemala
Mesoamerican cultures
Campestre do Menino Deus ("Campestral of Child God") is a bairro in the District of Sede in the municipality of Santa Maria, in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is located in north Santa Maria.

Villages 
The bairro contains the following villages: Campestre do Menino Deus, Perau, Rincão do Soturno, Vila Dutra, Vila Garibaldi, Vila Menino Deus, Vila Pires.

References 

Bairros of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul
Tianhe Park station (), is a station of Line 21 of the Guangzhou Metro. It started operations on 20 December 2019. With the opening of Line 11 in 2023, line 21 will be truncated to here from Yuancun, as to allow line 11 trains to serve that station instead. It will also be an interchange station with Line 13 in 2024.

Station Layout
When fully complete in 2024, the station's total construction area of the station will be 78558 square meters, which is equivalent to 2.3 Gongyuanqian stations and 3.3 Yangji stations. It will also be the largest station on the whole of Guangzhou Metro.

The station has 2 underground island platforms. Platform 1 is for trains heading to Zengcheng Square, whilst platform 2 is for trains heading to Yuancun. Platforms 3 and 4 are currently not in use, however, they will be put into service when Line 11 opens, serving Line 21 instead. On the other hand, platforms 1 and 2 will serve Line 11.

Exits
There are 4 exits, lettered B, E1, E2 and F. Exits B and E1 are accessible. Exit B is located on Middle Huangpu Avenue, whilst exits E1, E2 and F are located on Tianfu Road.

Gallery

References

Railway stations in China opened in 2019
Guangzhou Metro stations in Tianhe District
Potomac Shores station is a future Virginia Railway Express station located in Dumfries, Virginia. The station will serve the Fredericksburg Line and is expected to open in 2023. As of April 2021, a construction contract was expected to be awarded late 2021, and construction is expected to take roughly eighteen months.

History 
The station is being built as part of a residential community. It shares the right-of-way on the CSX RF&P Subdivision with Amtrak's Northeast Regional,  Silver Meteor, Silver Star,  Palmetto, Auto Train, and Carolinian trains; however, no Amtrak trains are planned to stop here. The station was first announced in 2013 with the approval of the Potomac Shores residential community, and originally planned to open in 2017. The design of the station has changed over the decade to accommodate planned expansions of the rail line (such as the new passenger bridge parallel to the existing Long Bridge) and VRE service.

References

Transportation in Prince William County, Virginia
Virginia Railway Express stations
Rail infrastructure in Virginia
Rail infrastructure in Washington, D.C.
Railway stations scheduled to open in 2023
Agonopterix canadensis, the Canadian agonopterix, is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found from the north-eastern United States and southern Canada, south through the Rocky Mountains to Colorado, the Basin Range and the mountains of central California and Nevada.

The length of the forewings is 8.5-10.5 mm.

The larvae feed on Senecio species, including Senecio serra.

References

Moths described in 1902
Agonopterix
Moths of North America
N. Rajan (born 27 November 1956) is an Indian politician and a leader of the Communist Party of India (CPI). He was a member of the 8th KLA 10th KLA and 11th KLA representing the Kilimanoor constituency.

References

Communist Party of India politicians from Kerala
1956 births
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
The Belica (Serbian Cyrillic: Белица) is a left tributary of the Great Morava in Central Serbia. It is created by the confluence of smaller rivers Voljavica and Bešnjaja, flows through a deforested valley to the town Jagodina.

Notes

References

External links

Rivers of Serbia
Grey-headed quail-dove may refer to the following species split by the AOU in 2004:

Grey-fronted quail-dove, Geotrygon caniceps (endemic to Cuba)
White-fronted quail-dove, Geotrygon leucometopia (endemic to Hispaniola)

Birds by common name
The Leader of the House is a position in the Parliament of Sri Lanka and is generally a member of the Cabinet of Sri Lanka who is responsible for arranging government business in the Parliament.

List of Leaders of the House

Parties

References

External links
Parliament of Sri Lanka - Handbook of Parliament, Leaders of the House

Parliament of Sri Lanka
 Leader of the House
The Pender Formation is a geologic formation in British Columbia. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period. Organisms that have been recovered from this formation include indeterminate Elasmosaurids, Mosasaurids, and a Chelonioidean, as well as the sea turtle Desmatochelys and the Mosasaurine Kourisodon.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in British Columbia

References

References
 

Cretaceous British Columbia
Vysotsk (; ; ) is a coastal town and a seaport in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Karelian Isthmus, on the eastern shore of the Vyborg Bay,  southwest of Vyborg and  northwest of St. Petersburg. It hosts a base of the Russian Baltic Fleet and, since 2004, an oil terminal. Population:  In terms of population, it remains one of the smallest towns in Russia.

History

The Trångsund Fortress (lit. narrow strait) was built by the order of Peter the Great in the beginning of the 18th century after the Tsardom of Russia had captured the area from Sweden during the Great Northern War.
In 1812, Trongzund was included by Alexander I into the newly created Grand Duchy of Finland.

Between 1918 and 1940, the town was part of Viipuri Province of independent Finland under the name Uuras. As a result of the Winter War and subsequent Moscow Peace Treaty, it was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940 and became a part of Vyborgsky District of the Karelo-Finnish SSR. In 1941, during the Continuation War, it was liberated by Finnish troops and returned to Finland. In June 1944, the town was occupied by the Red Army and was annexed to the Soviet Union according to the Moscow Armistice and Paris Peace Treaty. On November 24, 1944, it was transferred to Leningrad Oblast. In July 1948, the town was renamed Vysotsk in honor of the Soviet machine gunner Kuzma Demidovich Vysotsky, who was killed in the area on March 4, 1940 during the final days of the Winter War.

Vysotsk may be considered one of the cradles of radio, as it was there that Alexander Popov conducted his pioneering experiments in 1897 and 1902.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated within Vyborgsky District as Vysotskoye Settlement Municipal Formation. As a municipal division, Vysotskoye Settlement Municipal Formation is incorporated within Vyborgsky Municipal District as Vysotskoye Urban Settlement.

Economy
Vysotsk, along with Vyborg and Primorsk, is one of the three most important Russian ports in the Gulf of Finland. All three towns are connected by roads.

There is a railway station in Vysotsk, the end station of a railway line branching off at Popovo railway station; however, there is no passenger service.

References

Notes

Sources

Cities and towns in Leningrad Oblast
Vyborgsky District, Leningrad Oblast
Populated coastal places in Russia
Forts in Russia
Karelian Isthmus
Russian and Soviet Navy bases
Port cities and towns of the Baltic Sea
Finland–Soviet Union relations
Edgar Berkeley Gifford, 4th Baron Gifford (8 March 1857 – 29 January 1937), was a British peer.

He was the son of Robert Gifford, 2nd Baron Gifford, and Hon. Swinburne Frederica Charlotte FitzHardinge Berkeley, daughter of Admiral Maurice Berkeley, 1st Baron FitzHardinge. He was educated at Lancing and was a Lieutenant in the South Gloucestershire Militia. He succeeded in the barony on 5 June 1911.

He married Anne Maud Aitchison, daughter of Lt.-Col. William Aitchison, 5 June 1918 and had issue:

 Hon. Serena Mary Gifford (born 30 September 1919).

He died on 29 January 1937 at age 79, without male issue, and was succeeded in the barony by his nephew.

Coat of arms

References

 http://www.thepeerage.com/p7939.htm

1857 births
1937 deaths
Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
People educated at Lancing College
Younger sons of barons
CCID (chip card interface device) protocol is a USB protocol that allows a smartcard to be connected to a computer via a card reader using a standard USB interface, without the need for each manufacturer of smartcards to provide its own reader or protocol. This allows the smartcard to be used as a security token for authentication and data encryption, such as that used in BitLocker. Chip card interface devices come in a variety of forms. The smallest CCID form is a standard USB dongle and may contain a SIM card or Secure Digital card inside the USB dongle. Another popular interface is a USB smart card reader keyboard, which in addition to being a standard USB keyboard, has an built-in slot for accepting a smartcard. However, not all CCID compliant devices accept removable smartcards, for example, select Yubikey hardware authentication devices support CCID, where they play the role of both the card reader and the smartcard itself.

Hardware implementation
According to the CCID specification by the USB standards work group, a CCID exchanges information through a host computer over USB by using a CCID message that consists of a 10-byte header followed by message-specific data. The standard defines fourteen commands that the host computer can use to send data and status and control information in messages. Every command requires at least one response message from the CCID.

Software driver
CCID driver support has been natively supported by Microsoft beginning with Windows 2000. Apple has included some form of native CCID support since Mac OS X, with support evolving alongside Common Access Card and Personal Identity Verification specifications set by the US Federal Government. On Linux and other Unixes, CCID and CT-API devices are usually accessed with user-space drivers, for which no special kernel adaptation is required.

List of CCID providers

 Advanced Card Systems
 ActivIdentity
 Baltech
 Bit4id
 Blutronics srl
 Elyctis
 Gemalto
 Giesecke & Devrient
 HID Global
 JaCarta
 rf IDEAS
 SafeNet
 SecuTech Solutions
 SpringCard
 Verisign
 Yubico
 Reiner Kartenlesegeräte
 DUALi

References

Computer access control
Microsoft Windows security technology
Smart cards
Columbian is the adjective form of Columbia. It may refer to:

Buildings
 The Columbian Theatre, a music hall in northeastern Kansas
 The Columbian (Chicago), a building in Illinois

Published works
 The Columbian, a daily newspaper published in Vancouver, Washington, U.S.
 Olympia Pioneer and Democrat, the first newspaper published in what is now the state of Washington, was known in its first two years (1852-53) as The Columbian.
 The Columbian Orator, a collection of political essays, poems, and dialogues first published in 1797
 Columbian Magazine, a monthly magazine published from 1786 to 1792

Transportation
 Columbian (B&O train), a passenger train operated by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad until 1971
 Columbian (MILW train), a passenger train which operated from 1911 to 1955
 Sternwheeler Columbian disaster, a sternwheeler lost in the worst accident in the Yukon River's history in 1906
 2-4-2, a type of steam locomotives, also called Columbian type

Other uses
 Columbian (typography), a name for 16-point type
 Columbian Period, the geological period 2060–1780 MYA named after the supercontinent Columbia
 An early alternative name for inhabitants of the United States
 Columbian Issue, a set of U.S. postage stamps marking the 1893 World Columbian Exposition
 World's Columbian Exposition, held in Chicago, Illinois, in 1893
 Columbian High School, Tiffin, Ohio
 Columbian School (disambiguation)
 Anything pertaining to the Knights of Columbus, (i.e. Columbian values)

See also

 British Columbia
 Pre-Columbian era
 
 
 Columbia (disambiguation)
 Columbiad (disambiguation)
 Columbiana (disambiguation)
 Columbina (disambiguation) 
 Columbine (disambiguation) 
 Colombia (disambiguation)
 Colombian (disambiguation)
 Colombiana (disambiguation)
 Colombina (disambiguation) 
 Colombino (disambiguation)
 Colombine (disambiguation)
The Sonoma State Cossacks college football team represented Sonoma State. The Cossacks competed in the Far Western Conference in 1971 then discontinued the football program. In 1982 they restarted the program, joining the renamed conference Northern California Athletic Conference in 1983. They remained the NCAC until the program was permanently ended after the 1996 season.

The program had 6 identifiable head coaches in its 19 years of competitive existence. They also fielded a JV team only in the 1969 & 1979 seasons.

Coaches

Notes

References

Sonoma State Cossacks

Sonoma State Cossacks football
François Joseph Westermann (; 5 September 17515 April 1794) was a French general of the Revolutionary Wars and political figure of the French Revolution.



Career
Born in Molsheim (Alsace, today department Bas-Rhin), François Joseph Westermann entered a cavalry regiment at an early age but soon left the service and went to Paris. He was an enthusiastic supporter of the Revolution, and in 1790 became greffier of the municipality of Haguenau. After a short imprisonment on a charge of inciting riots in Haguenau, he returned to Paris, where he joined Georges Danton and played an important part in the attack on the Tuileries on 10 August 1792.

He accompanied Charles François Dumouriez on his campaigns with the Army of the North, and assisted him in his negotiations with the Habsburgs, being arrested as an accomplice after the general's defection. Denounced by Jean-Paul Marat to the National Convention, Westermann succeeded in proving his innocence, and was sent with the rank of general of brigade to quell the Revolt in the Vendée.

Vendée and downfall
Westermann distinguished himself by his extraordinary courage, daring maneuvers, and  severe treatment of the insurgents. After suffering a defeat at Châtillon, he defeated the Vendéens at Beaupréau, Laval, Granville, and Baugé, and in December 1793 annihilated their army at Le Mans and Savenay.

In a controversial document, the authenticity of which is disputed, Westermann supposedly wrote to the Committee of Public Safety:
"There is no more Vendée, Republican citizens. It died beneath our free sword, with its women and its children. I have just buried it in the swamps and the woods of Savenay. Following the orders that you gave to me, I crushed the children beneath the horses' hooves, massacred the women who, those at least, will bear no more brigands. I do not have a single prisoner to reproach myself with. I have exterminated them all..."

Some historians believe this letter never existed. The rebellion was still going on, and there were several thousand living Vendéan prisoners being held by Westermann's forces when the letter was supposedly written. The killing of civilians would also have been an explicit violation of the Convention's orders to Westermann.

After his victory he was summoned to Paris, where, as a friend and partisan of Georges Danton, he was proscribed with the Dantonist party and guillotined.

He is depicted by Jacques Villeret in the 1983 film Danton and by Eduard von Winterstein in the 1921 movie of the same name.

References

1751 births
1794 deaths
People from Molsheim
French generals
Republican military leaders of the War in the Vendée
French Republican military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
French people executed by guillotine during the French Revolution
Lyonnaise potatoes – in French pommes de terre sautées à la lyonnaise – are potatoes, boiled and then sliced and shallow-fried, served together with fried onions.

History and ingredients
The culinary term à la lyonnaise –  in the style of Lyon – which is applied to numerous French dishes, generally means that onions are a key part of the recipe. Potatoes à la lyonnaise are sautéed and served with fried onions. All five recipes mentioned below, dating from 1806 to 1970, call for the potatoes to be boiled, peeled and sliced, before frying. 

André Viard, in   Le Cuisinier impérial (1806), stipulates that the potatoes are to be sliced and covered with onion purée before being fried in butter and served with sliced onions that have been gently simmered in water. By the mid-19th century, recipes specified that the onions, as well as the potatoes, should be fried. In Alexis Soyer's recipe (1846) the onions are fried in butter and the sliced boiled potatoes are added to the pan. Soyer adds chopped parsley and lemon juice. 

August Escoffier (1907) recommends frying the potatoes and the onions separately in butter before combining them and sprinkling them with chopped parsley. Marcel Boulestin's recipe (1931) adds the onion raw to the pan in which the potatoes are frying. Elizabeth David (1970) specifies frying the onions first and adding them to the frying potatoes when the latter are very nearly cooked. She recommends either butter or beef dripping for frying both ingredients, and comments that the dish cooked in this way "bears little resemblance ... to the greasy mixture of unevenly browned potatoes and frizzled onions which usually passes for pommes lyonnaises".

Notes

Sources

See also
 Gratin, a  French cooking method often used for potatoes
 Home fries
 Lyonnaise cuisine
 List of potato dishes
 Rappie pie, the French-Canadian casserole made with shredded potatoes
 Sauce lyonnaise
 

Potato dishes
French cuisine
Cuisine of Lyon
David Weininger (August 5, 1952 – November 2, 2016) was an American cheminformatician and entrepreneur. He was most notable for inventing the chemical line notations for structures (SMILES), substructures (SMARTS) and reactions (SMIRKS). He also founded Daylight Chemical Information Systems, Inc.

Education and career 
Weininger studied at University of Rochester, first at the Eastman School of Music, then switched to chemistry. After graduation, he worked for General Electric in Canada, where he worked on water management. He then attended University of Wisconsin–Madison, where he graduated with a PhD in environmental engineering in 1978. His PhD project involves the study of Polychlorinated biphenyls in Lake Michigan at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He developed a computational model using data from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) using computer graphics algorithms, by then still a nascent field.

Upon graduation, he was hired by the EPA directly in its National Water Quality Laboratory in Duluth, Minnesota to develop similar models for other chemicals. During this period, Weininger started working with chemical databases which include structure-activity relationships. Weininger realized the difficulty to balance the IUPAC nomenclature for chemicals, used by human, and the Wiswesser line notation which was more efficient for computer processing. Weininger developed Simplified molecular-input line-entry system, or SMILES, such that it's easy for both humans and computers to understand.

Weininger moved to Pomona College in Claremont, California, working with Corwin Hansch and Albert Leo to work on the prediction of octanol-water partition coefficient (LogP) for molecules, which resulted in the software, cLogP, in 1983. The first publication on SMILES came out in 1988, while Weininger was affiliated with Pomona College.

In 1987, Weininger founded Daylight Chemical Information Systems, Inc. along with his brother Arthur Weininger and the business associate Yosi Taitz.

Personal life 
Weininger was born in Brooklyn, New York to Joseph and Marion Weininger as the eldest of three children, along with Arthur and Johanan. His father Joseph was from Austria and worked as a chemist in General Electric.

Works mentioning Weininger 
The Info Mesa: Science, Business, and New Age Alchemy on the Santa Fe Plateau by Ed Regis (author) was published in 2003, featuring Weininger and other leaders of informatics in the Santa Fe area.

See also 
 Corwin Hansch

References

External links
 Tribute to David Weininger, Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design volume 32, pages 313–319 (2018)

1952 births
2016 deaths
Computational chemists
University of Rochester alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Alumni of the University of Bristol
Scientists from Brooklyn
Pomona College faculty