Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Pelu Ian Taele-Pavihi (born 28 September 1981, in Dunedin), also known as Pelu Taele, is a New Zealand-born Samoan and Niue international rugby union footballer. He is a  second row forward who joined Biarritz Olympique before the 2009–10 season.

Club career
Taele played for the Highlanders development squad in 2004 and represented Otago in the National Provincial Championship. He signed for Saracens in July 2006, with the intention of joining up with the squad after completing the New Zealand season with Otago. By the time he arrived in England, there was too much competition for his position at Saracens so he was loaned to Leeds Tykes. Taele then spent two seasons with Overmach Parma, where he was part of the team that won the Coppa Italia in both 2008 and 2009. Before the 2009–10 season Taele moved to Biarritz Olympique. In 2014 he signed a two-year deal with Aviron Bayonnais.

International career
Taele gained selection for the Samoan national side by virtue of his performances with Otago. He made his international debut against Tonga in July 2005 and was in the starting XV against England later the same year. He featured in the 2006 IRB Pacific 5 Nations squad with tests against the Junior All Blacks, Fiji, Tonga and Japan, and (as of November 2011) has eight caps in total.

References

1981 births
Living people
Rugby union players from Dunedin
Samoan rugby union players
Highlanders (rugby union) players
Otago rugby union players
Saracens F.C. players
Leeds Tykes players
Biarritz Olympique players
Expatriate rugby union players in France
New Zealand sportspeople of Samoan descent
New Zealand people of Niuean descent
Samoa international rugby union players
Rugby union locks
There have been five ships of the Royal Navy to bear the name HMS Urchin after the Sea urchin:

  was a gunvessel of 154 tons (bm), purchased in 1797 and stationed at Gibraltar. On 3 and 5 July 1797, she participated in an attack by Captain Horatio Nelson on Spanish gunboats during the Blockade of Cádiz (1797). Her commander, Lieutenant F. Browne, drowned in March 1799. His replacement apparently was Lieutenant William Davies. She was under the command of Lieutenant Thomas Pearson Croasdale and had a skeleton crew of only seven men when  towed her in Tetuan Bay on 12 October 1800. Around midnight she capsized and sank, and although Hector lowered boats, they were only able to save two men.
  was a gunboat of unknown origin. In December 1800 she shared with the frigate  and the sloop  in the capture of three French merchant vessels carrying coffee, rice and sugar from Alexandria to France: the polacca Union (5 December), brig Bon Pasteur Retrouvé (7 December), and brig Heureuse Clairon (13 December). Then, under Lieutenant William Smith, she participated in Lord Keith's expedition to Egypt. Because Urchin served in the navy's Egyptian campaign (8 March to 2 September 1801), her officers and crew qualified to share in the prize money for the campaign, and to receive the Naval General Service Medal with  clasp "Egypt" that the Admiralty issued in 1847 to all surviving claimants.  Urchin disappears from the record after 1801.
 was a modified R-class destroyer built by Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company, launched in 1917 and sold in 1930.
 HMS Urchin was a U-class submarine, launched in 1940, and commissioned into the Polish Navy as . She was returned to Britain in 1946, reverting to the name HMS Urchin, and was scrapped in 1949. 
  was a U-class destroyer launched in 1943, and that served in the Second World War.  She was converted into a Type 15 fast anti-submarine frigate and scrapped in 1967.

Notes

Citations

References

Royal Navy ship names
The Ministry of Information is the ministry responsible for the distribution of information in Lebanon.

List of ministers
 Ghazi Aridi (28 October 2000 2003, 19 July 2005 2008)
 Melhem Antoun Riachy (December 18, 2016 May 6, 2018)
 Jamal Al-Jarrah (January 31, 2019January 21, 2020)
 Manal Abdel Samad (January 21, 2020 August 9, 2020)
 George Kurdahi (September 10, 2021 December 3, 2021)
 Abbas Halabi (3 December 2021 – 10 March 2022) (Ad interim)
 Ziad Makary (10 March 2022 – present)

References

External links
 

Information
Lebanon, Information
The Biginelli reaction is a multiple-component chemical reaction that creates 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones 4 from ethyl acetoacetate 1, an aryl aldehyde (such as benzaldehyde 2), and urea 3. It is named for the Italian chemist Pietro Biginelli.

This reaction was developed by Pietro Biginelli in 1891. The reaction can be catalyzed by Brønsted acids and/or by Lewis acids such as copper(II) trifluoroacetate hydrate and boron trifluoride. Several solid-phase protocols utilizing different linker combinations have been published.

Dihydropyrimidinones, the products of the Biginelli reaction, are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry as calcium channel blockers, antihypertensive agents, and alpha-1-a-antagonists.

More recently products of the Biginelli reaction have been investigated as potential selective Adenosine A2b receptor antagonists. Including highly selective tricyclic compounds.

Reaction mechanism
The reaction mechanism of the Biginelli reaction is a series of bimolecular reactions leading to the desired dihydropyrimidinone.

According to a mechanism proposed by Sweet in 1973 the aldol condensation of ethylacetoacetate 1 and the aryl aldehyde is the rate-limiting step leading to the carbenium ion 2. The nucleophilic addition of urea gives the intermediate 4, which quickly dehydrates to give the desired product 5.

This mechanism is superseded by one by Kappe in 1997:

This scheme begins with rate determining nucleophilic addition by the urea to the aldehyde. The ensuing condensation step is catalyzed by the addition of acid, resulting in the imine nitrogen. The β-ketoester then adds to the imine bond and consequently the ring is closed by the nucleophilic attack by the amine onto the carbonyl group. This final step ensues a second condensation and results in the Biginelli compound.

Advances in Biginelli reaction
In 1987, Atwal et al. reported a modification to the Biginelli reaction that consistently generated higher yields.
Atul Kumar has reported first enzymatic synthesis for Biginelli reaction via yeast catalysed protocol in high yields. The reaction has also been reported via green methodologies.

References

Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions
Condensation reactions
Multiple component reactions
Name reactions
Nitrogen heterocycle forming reactions
Aaron Benedict Gardenier (September 26, 1848 – June 18, 1909) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

Life 
Gardenier was born on September 26, 1848, in Kinderhook, New York, the son of farmer David William Gardenier and Elizabeth Ann Benedict.

Gardenier attended the Tacomic Institute in Lanesboro, Massachusetts, the Seaside Institute in West Haven, Connecticut, and Yale Law School. He graduated from the latter school in 1871. He returned to his home town and practiced law there for the next several years in the firm Gardenier & Barrett. He later became associated with Sanford W. Smith as part of the law firm Gardenier & Smith. He worked as attorney for the New York Central Railway Company for several years. He initially practiced in Valatie, but in 1890 he moved to Chatham.

Gardenier served as District Attorney of Columbia County for three terms, beginning in 1880. In 1889, he was elected to the New York State Assembly as a Republican, representing Columbia County. He served in the Assembly in 1890, 1891, and 1895.

Gardenier was a prominent member of the Knights of Pythias, serving as Supreme Representative from the Grand Domain of New York, Supreme Master-at-Arms from 1894 to 1896, and chairman of the Judiciary Committee of the Supreme Lodge. He was also a member of the Freemasons, the Royal Arch Masonry, the Knights Templar, the Scottish Rite, and the Shriners. In 1876, he married Elizabeth Gordon Rathbone of Valatie. They had one surviving son, David W.

Gardenier died at home on June 18, 1909. He was buried in the family plot in Valatie.

References

External links 

 The Political Graveyard

1848 births
1909 deaths
People from Kinderhook, New York
People from Chatham, New York
Yale Law School alumni
19th-century American lawyers
20th-century American lawyers
County district attorneys in New York (state)
19th-century American politicians
Republican Party members of the New York State Assembly
American Freemasons
Burials in New York (state)
Amana German ( or , lit. Colony German) is a dialect of West Central German that is still spoken by several hundred people in the Amana Colonies in Iowa.

The Amana Colonies were founded in 1856 by Inspirationalists of German origin who came from West Seneca near Buffalo in New York. Amana is derived from the Hessian dialect, which is a West Central German dialect. There are seven villages in Amana with slightly different dialect features.

Even though the use of the language is in decline, it is far from being moribund. There are several major studies about the language of Amana.

References

Literature
 Philip E. Webber: Kolonie-Deutsch: Life and Language in Amana. Ames, 2006. (Originally 1993; expended ed., University of Iowa Press, Iowa City, 2009)
 Michael  T.  Putnam: Anaphors  in  contact:  The  distribution  of intensifiers  and  reflexives in Amana German in "Studies on German-language islands". Amsterdam et al., 2011.
 Lawrence L. Rettig: Grammatical structures in Amana German. Dissertation at the University  of Iowa, 1970.
 Joan Liffring-Zug: Life in Amana: reporters' views of the communal way, 1867 - 1935. Iowa City, 1998.

See also 
 German language in the United States
 Languages of Iowa
 Amana Colonies
 Community of True Inspiration
 Pennsylvania German
 Texas German
 Wisconsin German

Central German languages
German dialects
Endangered diaspora languages
Endangered Germanic languages
German language in the United States
German-American history
High German languages
Solar Bird is a 1966 sculpture by Spanish artist Joan Miró. Several institutions have copies in their collections, including:

 Art Institute of Chicago (1966, bronze, 48 x 71 x 40 in.)
 Museum of Modern Art (1966, bronze, 47 1/4 x 70 7/8 x 40 1/8")
 San Diego Museum of Art (1966–1967, bronze), Balboa Park
 Fundació Joan Miró, Barcelona (Carrara marble, 163 x 146 x 240 cm, 1968)
 Fondation Maeght, Saint-Paul-de-Vence (Carrara marble, 1968)

See also

 1966 in art

References

1966 sculptures
Abstract sculptures in California
Abstract sculptures in New York City
Sculptures in the Art Institute of Chicago
Sculptures of birds
Bronze sculptures in California
Bronze sculptures in Illinois
Bronze sculptures in New York City
Marble sculptures in Spain
Modernist sculpture
Outdoor sculptures in San Diego
Sculptures in the San Diego Museum of Art
Sculptures by Joan Miró
Sculptures in the Museum of Modern Art (New York City)
William Stephen Bullock (3 August 1865 – 13 November 1936) was a Canadian Baptist minister, businessman, and politician.

Born in Sainte-Pudentienne near Shefford, Canada East, the son of William Henry Bullock, a farmer, and Hanna Chartier, Bullock studied at the mission of Grande-Ligne, the Montreal Normal School, McGill University, and Andover Newton Theological School in Massachusetts. He was ordained a Baptist minister in Ottawa on 18 February 1892. He ministered in Ottawa, Maskinongé and Saint Pudentienne until 1907. He then worked as a manager and secretary of the Stanley Tool Company of Canada Limited. He was the founder of the Roxton Pond Mill Company.

He was a city council member from St. Pudentienne Village from January 1908 to January 1914. He was elected as a Liberal MLA in Shefford in 1912. He was re-elected without opposition in 1916. Again elected in 1919 and 1923 and without opposition in 1927. He did not run in 1931. He was appointed to the Legislative Council of Quebec of the division of Wellington on 15 August 1931 and served until his death in St. Pudentienne on 13 November 1936. He was buried in the Protestant cemetery of this parish on 15 November 1936.

Personal life
He was married on 27 May 1890 to Ellen Evangeline Therrien (1869-1953), daughter of Alphonse Liguori Therrien, a Baptist minister, and Mary St. James. He was the father of Charles Munson Bullock, a politician, and Théodore-Lafleur Bullock.

References

1865 births
1936 deaths
19th-century Canadian Baptist ministers
McGill University alumni
People from Montérégie
Quebec Liberal Party MLCs
Quebec Liberal Party MNAs
Anglophone Quebec people
20th-century Canadian Baptist ministers
College of Athens (CoA) is a private interdenominational Christian college near Watkinsville, Georgia. It was founded in 2009 as Athens School of Ministry & Worship Arts. The school opened its doors to its first degree-seeking students in Fall 2012. The school was renamed Athens College of Ministry in August of 2015 after receiving authorization from the Georgia Nonpublic Postsecondary Education Commission (GNPEC). In May 2020, ACMin was awarded accredited status from the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools (TRACS), a CHEA and DOE approved postsecondary accrediting commission, as a Member Institution. In July 2022, Athens College of Ministry officially changed its named to the College of Athens (CoA) in order to facilitate the growth the college is experiencing in offering non-ministry majors. CoA currently offers certificates, associates, bachelors, and master's degrees in nine various major areas.

The school's administrative office and current campus is located in Watkinsville. In addition, the school has purchased a 114-acre property on Barnett Shoals Road, located on the old Green Hills Golf Course and Country Club property, that it intends to use as its future campus.

References

External links

Athens, Georgia
2009 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Senna manicula is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to inland Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with pinnate leaves with three or four pairs of linear leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged singly or in pairs, with ten fertile stamens in each flower.

Description
Senna manicula is an erect shrub that typically grows to a height of  and is covered with soft hairs. The leaves are  long on a petiole  long. The leaves are pinnate with two or three pairs of linear leaflets  long and about  wide, spaced  apart. The flowers are yellow and arranged singly or in pairs in upper leaf axils on a peduncle  long, each flower on a pedicel about  long. The petals are  long and there are ten fertile stamens in each flower, the anthers  long and of different lengths. Flowering occurs in winter and the fruit is a flat, straight pod.

Taxonomy
This species was first formally described in 1966 by David Eric Symon who gave it the name Cassia manicula in Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, from specimens collected near the Diorite King mine, north of Leonora in 1960. In 1998, Barbara Rae Randell transferred the species to Senna as Senna manicula in the Flora of Australia. The specific epithet (manicula) refers to "a fanciful resemblance of the leaves to a little hand".

Distribution and habitat
Senna manicula grows in arid sites on rocky hillsides in the Murchison bioregion of inland Western Australia.

Conservation status
Senna manicula is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.

References

manicula
Endemic flora of Western Australia
Plants described in 1966
Fabales of Australia
The sparrow pebblesnail, scientific name Somatogyrus parvulus, is a species of minute freshwater snail that has an operculum, an aquatic operculate gastropod mollusk in the family Hydrobiidae. This species is endemic to the United States.  Its natural habitat is rivers.

References

Endemic molluscs of the United States
Somatogyrus
Gastropods described in 1865
Taxa named by George Washington Tryon
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Samuel Koejoe (born 17 August 1974 in Paramaribo, Suriname) is a Dutch former professional footballer who played as a striker.

A pacy striker, Koejoe played much of his career in Austria and Germany, and played also for Queens Park Rangers.

He was the leading scorer for DAC Dunajská Streda in the 2009–10 season.

References

1974 births
Living people
Surinamese emigrants to the Netherlands
Footballers from Paramaribo
Dutch men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
AFC DWS players
SC Austria Lustenau players
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
FC Wacker Innsbruck (2002) players
Queens Park Rangers F.C. players
SC Freiburg players
Eintracht Braunschweig players
Dynamo Dresden players
FSV Frankfurt players
Austrian Football Bundesliga players
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
FC DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda players
Slovak First Football League players
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Austria
Expatriate men's footballers in Austria
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Slovakia
Expatriate men's footballers in Slovakia
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Dischinger is a surname and may refer to:

 Franz Dischinger (1887-1953), pioneering German civil and structural engineer
 Rudolf Dischinger (1904–1988), German painter
 Terence "Terry" Gilbert Dischinger (born 1940), American basketball player
 Hermann Dischinger (born 1944), German dialect author and poet

References

German-language surnames
Puche is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Antonio Puche (born 1972), Spanish footballer and manager
Jaime Serra Puche (born 1951), Mexican economist
Montserrat Puche Díaz (born 1970), Spanish handball player
Miguel Puche (born 2001, Spanish footballer

See also
Pache
The Cassi were a tribe of Iron Age Britain.

Cassi may also refer to:

People with the name
 Cassi Davis (born 1964), American actress and singer
 Cassi Thomson (born 1993), Australian-American actress and singer
 Cassi Van Den Dungen (born 1992), Australian model

Other uses
 Cassi Hill, a residential area in Saint Thomas, United States Virgin Islands
 Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index, from the American Chemical Society

See also
 Casey (disambiguation)
 Cassandra (disambiguation)
 Cassie (disambiguation)
 Cassis (disambiguation)
 Kassandra (disambiguation)
 Kassi (disambiguation)
 Kassie (disambiguation)
Samuel J. Todd (January 19, 1821January 9, 1902) was an American lawyer and Republican politician.  He was an early settler of Beloit, Wisconsin, and was the 4th Mayor of Beloit.  He also represented Rock County in the Wisconsin State Senate for the 1867 and 1868 sessions.  His name is often abbreviated as S. J. Todd in historical documents.

Biography
Todd was born on January 19, 1821, in Preble, New York, son of Daniel and Mary Taggart Todd.  He studied law at Batavia, New York, and was admitted to the bar.

In 1850, he moved west and settled at Beloit, Wisconsin—then a small village.  He formed a law partnership with John M. Keep, which continued until Keep was appointed a Wisconsin circuit court judge in 1857.  Todd was one of the leading lawyers of Beloit for 30 years.

In 1857, Todd was one of three respected lawyers chosen by Governor Coles Bashford for a commission to revise and compile the statutes of Wisconsin, based on changes in the law since the previous edition.  He was partnered with David Taylor and Frederick S. Lovell.  The revised statutes were published in 1858, and later that year Todd was elected to a one-year term as Mayor of Beloit.

In 1866, Todd was elected to the Wisconsin State Senate, representing all of Rock County in what was then the 17th State Senate district.  He ran on the National Union Party ticket, but was identified with the Radical Republican faction of the time.  In the Senate, he served on the committee on incorporations in 1867, and served on judiciary, state affairs, and military affairs in 1868.

After leaving the Senate, he served as city attorney of Beloit from 1870 to 1874, and was a member of the school board from 1875 through 1885.

He suffered a stroke on January 7, 1902, and died two days later at his home in Beloit.

Personal life and family
Todd's ancestors were Scotch-Irish Americans.  He married Ms. Mary (or May) E. Hazard, of Essex County, New York, on December 21, 1853.  They had five children together, though one daughter died in infancy.  At the time of his death, only two of his children were still living.

References

External links
 

People from Cortland County, New York
Politicians from Beloit, Wisconsin
Republican Party Wisconsin state senators
Mayors of places in Wisconsin
Wisconsin city attorneys
19th-century American lawyers
School board members in Wisconsin
1821 births
1902 deaths
19th-century American politicians
Björgvin Björgvinsson (born 11 February 1949) is an Icelandic former handball player who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics.

References

1949 births
Living people
Bjorgvin Bjorgvinsson
Bjorgvin Bjorgvinsson
Handball players at the 1972 Summer Olympics
The Chamoli disaster may refer to:

The 2021 Uttarakhand flood
The 2012 Himalayan flash floods
The 1999 Chamoli earthquake
Acmella pilosa, the hairy spotflower, is a Mesoamerican species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It is native to Guatemala, Belize, and southeastern Mexico (Campeche, Quintana Roo, Tabasco). The species is also naturalized in the southern part of the US State of Florida.

References 

pilosa
Flora of Central America
Flora of Mexico
Plants described in 1985
Albert of Castile (c. 1460–1522) was a Roman Catholic historian. He entered the Order of St. Dominic at an early age in the Convent of SSts. John and Paul at Venice and became skilled in nearly every department of contemporary learning.

History, however, was his chief study. He is the author of several noteworthy works, among which may be mentioned; "Catalogus Illustrium Ordinis Virorum" (Venice, 1501); "Catalogus Sanctorum a Petro de Natalibus Veneto eregione Costellana episcopo Equilino concinnatus" (Venice, 1501); "Chronica brevis ab initio ordinis usque ad praesens tempus" (Venice, 1504); an account of the Popes, the Dominican Generals, and the illustrious men of the Order, beginning with its foundation, drawn up chiefly from the work of the Dominican Giacomo de Luzato.

He is also the editor of the following works: "Biblia Latina cum pleno apparatu tersissime et nitidissime impressa" (Venice, 1506); this he re-edited fifteen years later with a concordance of the Old and New Testaments; "Pontificale secundum ritum Romanae Ecclesiae emendatum primum a Jacobo de Lutiis episcopo Cafacensi et Joanne Buckardo" (Venice, 1520); "Constitutiones ord. Praed., una cum adjectis ad singulos textus opportune declarationibus" (Venice, 1507); "Liber de instructione officialium venerabilis Humberti magistri ordinis V" (Venice, 1507); "Regula et privilegia Fratrum et Sororum de poenitentia impugnantes Fratres Praedicatores, quod non vivant secundum vitam apostolicam, a Jacobo de Voragine, O.P. archiepiscopo Januensi" (Venice, 1504)

1460s births
1522 deaths
16th-century Italian historians
16th-century male writers