舌形動物類

舌形動物類（學名：Pentastomida），又稱五口動物類，是動物界的一個分類。屬於無脊椎動物，介乎於環節動物和節肢動物之間，均為寄生性動物。其特徵是體軟、扁而長，無色，透明，無足。身長從數毫米到十數釐米，體表分近百個清晰的節段，內部卻並不分節。舌形動物均為雌雄異體的專性寄生物：牠們的身體沒有呼吸系統、和迴圈系統，蟲體前埠部突出，呈橢圓形，周圍有兩對可伸縮的鉤，用以附著在寄主組織上。

本物種的名稱是因為從其部分物種的外型酷似脊椎動物的舌頭，因而為名；而其學名及另一名稱「五口動物」的來源，則是因為其口器的五個鈎，好像有五個口一樣，因而為名。這五個「鈎」，其實只有一個是真的口器、其餘四個只是顎足。過往由於對本分類物種的分類不明，單單從外形來判斷，所以將其歸類到門一層。後來到了 2001 年，研究證據顯示五口動物實為退化了的寄生性節肢動物，本物種生物跟其他物種的關係得到確認，所以被降至歸入成為顎足綱的一員，是為舌形亞綱。隨著顎足動物的分類被重組，舌形亞綱亦被重新分類，成為了寡甲總綱魚介形綱的成員。

現時本分類有物種約 130 個，皆為被動式寄生物，其部分解剖結果為退化性。成年的舌蟲長約 ，多數於宿主的呼吸系統黏付著。

分類

以下為這是馬丁和戴維斯在 2001 年成立的分類，將五口動物置於甲殼亞門顎足綱。以下包含現存的目、超科、科、屬和種：

頭行目 Cephalobaenida Heymons, 1935
Cephalobaenidae Heymons, 1922

::*Cephalobaena Heymons, 1922

:::*Cephalobaena tetrapoda Heymons, 1922

孔頭舌蟲目 Porocephalida
Linguatuloidea

:*Linguatulidae Haldeman, 1851

::*Linguatula Frölich, 1789

:::*Linguatula arctica Riley, Haugerud & Nilssen, 1987

:::*Linguatula multiannulata Haffner & Rack in Haffner, Rack & Sachs, 1969

:::*Linguatula recurvata (Diesing, 1850)

:::*Linguatula serrata Frölich, 1789

::*Neolinguatula Haffner & Rack in Haffner, Rack & Sachs, 1969

:::*Neolinguatula nuttalli (Sambon, 1922)

:*Subtriquetridae Fain, 1961

::*Subtriquetra Sambon, 1922

:::*Subtriquetra megacephalum (Baird, 1853)

:::*Subtriquetra rileyi Junker, Boomker & Booyse, 1998

:::*Subtriquetra shipleyi Hett, 1924

:::*Subtriquetra subtriquetra (Diesing, 1836)

孔頭舌蟲總科 Porocephaloidea

:* 孔頭舌蟲科 Porocephalidae Sambon, 1922

::* 舌蟲屬 Armillifer Sambon, 1922

:::*Armillifer aborealis Riley & Self, 1981

:::*Armillifer agkistrodontis Self & Kuntz, 1966

:::*Armillifer armillatus (Wyman, 1845)

:::*Armillifer australis Heymons, 1935

:::*Armillifer grandis (Hett, 1915)

:::*Armillifer mazzai (Sambon, 1922)

:::*Armillifer moniliformis (Diesing, 1836)

:::*Armillifer yoshidai Kishida, 1928

::*Cubirea Kishida, 1928

:::*Cubirea annulata (Baird, 1853)

:::*Cubirea pomeroyi (Woodland, 1921)

::*Elenia Heymons, 1932

:::*Elenia australis Heymons, 1932

::*Gigliolella Chabaud & Choquet, 1954

:::*Gigliolella brumpti (Giglioli, 1922)

::*Kiricephalus Sambon, 1922

:::*Kiricephalus clelii Riley & Self, 1980

:::*Kiricephalus coarctatus (Diesing, 1850)

:::*Kiricephalus constrictor Riley & Self, 1980

:::*Kiricephalus gabonensis Riley & Self, 1980

:::*Kiricephalus pattoni (Stephens, 1908)

:::*Kiricephalus tortus (Shipley, 1898)

::*Parasambonia Stunkard & Gandal, 1968

:::*Parasambonia bridgesi Stunkard & Gandal, 1968

:::*Parasambonia minor Riley & Self, 1982

::*Porocephalus Humboldt, 1812

:::*Porocephalus basiliscus Riley & Self, 1979

:::*Porocephalus benoiti Fain, 1960

:::*Porocephalus bifurcatus

:::*Porocephalus clavatus (Wyman, 1845)

:::*Porocephalus crotali Humboldt, 1812

:::*Porocephalus dominicana Riley & Walters, 1980

:::*Porocephalus stilesi Sambon in Vaney & Sambon, 1910

:::*Porocephalus subuliferum (Leuckart, 1860)

:::*Porocephalus taiwana Qiu, Ma, Fan & Lu, 2005

:::*Porocephalus tortugensis Riley & Self, 1979

::*Waddycephalus Sambon, 1922

:::*Waddycephalus calligaster Riley & Self, 1981

:::*Waddycephalus komodoensis Riley & Self, 1981

:::*Waddycephalus longicauda Riley & Self, 1981

:::*Waddycephalus porphyriacus Riley & Self, 1981

:::*Waddycephalus punctulatus Riley & Self, 1981

:::*Waddycephalus radiata Riley & Self, 1981

:::*Waddycephalus scutata Riley & Self, 1981

:::*Waddycephalus superbus Riley & Self, 1981

:::*Waddycephalus teretiusculus (Baird, 1862)

:::*Waddycephalus vitiensis Heymons, 1932

:*Sebekidae Sambon, 1922

::*Alofia Giglioli in Sambon, 1922

:::*Alofia ginae Giglioli in Sambon, 1922

:::*Alofia indica (von Linstow, 1906)

:::*Alofia merki Giglioli 'in Sambon, 1922

:::*Alofia nilotici Riley & Huchzermeyer, 1995

:::*Alofia parva Riley & Huchzermeyer, 1995

:::*Alofia platycephalum (Lohrmann, 1889)

:::*Alofia simpsoni Riley, 1994

:::*Alofia travassosi (Heymons, 1932)

::*Diesingia Sambon, 1922

:::*Diesingia kachugensis (Shipley, 1910)

:::*Diesingia megastomum (Diesing, 1836)

::*Selfia Riley, 1994

:::*Selfia porosus Riley, 1994

::*Leiperia Sambon, 1922

:::*Leiperia australiensis Riley & Huchzermeyer, 1996

:::*Leiperia cincinnalis (Sambon in Vaney & Sambon, 1910)

:::*Leiperia gracilis (Diesing, 1836)

::*Sambonia Noc & Giglioli, 1922

:::*Sambonia clavata (Lohrmann, 1889)

:::*Sambonia parapodum Self & Kuntz, 1966

:::*Sambonia solomenensis (Self & Kuntz, 1957)

:::*Sambonia varani (Self & Kuntz, 1957)

:::*Sambonia wardi (Sambon in Vaney & Sambon, 1910)

::*Agema Riley et al., 1997

:::*Agema silvaepalustris Riley et al., 1997

::*Pelonia Junker & Boomker, 2002

:::*Pelonia africana Junker & Boomker, 2002

::*Sebekia Sambon, 1922

:::*Sebekia cesarisi Giglioli in Sambon, 1922

:::*Sebekia divestei Giglioli in Sambon, 1922

:::*Sebekia johnstoni Riley, Spratt & Winch, 1990

:::*Sebekia microhamus Self & Rego, 1985

:::*Sebekia minor (Wedl, 1861)

:::*Sebekia mississippiensis Overstreet, Self & Vliet, 1985

:::*Sebekia multiannulata Riley, Spratt & Winch, 1990

:::*Sebekia novaeguineae Riley, Spratt & Winch, 1990

:::*Sebekia okavangoensis Riley & Huchzermeyer, 1995

:::*Sebekia oxycephalum (Diesing, 1836)

:::*Sebekia purdieae Riley, Spratt & Winch, 1990

:::*Sebekia trinitatis Riley, Spratt & Winch, 1990

Raillietiellida Almeida & Christoffersen, 1999

:*Raillietiellidae Sambon, 1922

::*Raillietiella Sambon, 1910

:::*Raillietiella aegypti Ali, Riley & Self, 1982

:::*Raillietiella affinis Bovien, 1927

:::*Raillietiella agcoi Tubangui & Masiluñgan, 1936

:::*Raillietiella ampanihyensis Gretillat, Brygoo & Domergue, 1962

:::*Raillietiella amphiboluri Mahon, 1954

:::*Raillietiella belohaensis McAllister, Riley, Freed & Freed, 1993

:::*Raillietiella bicaudata Heymons & Vitzthum, 1935

:::*Raillietiella boulengeri (Vaney & Sambon, 1910)

:::*Raillietiella bufonis Ali, Riley & Self, 1982

:::*Raillietiella cartagenensis Ali, Riley & Self, 1985

:::*Raillietiella chamaeleonis Gretillat & Brygoo, 1959

:::*Raillietiella colubrilineati (Leuckart, 1860)

:::*Raillietiella congolensis Fain, 1961

:::*Raillietiella crotali Ali, Riley & Self, 1984

:::*Raillietiella freitasi (Motta & Gomes, 1968)

:::*Raillietiella furcocercum (Diesing, 1836)

:::*Raillietiella gehyrae Bovien, 1927

:::*Raillietiella gigliolii Hett, 1924

:::*Raillietiella gowrii Rajalu & Rajendran, 1970

:::*Raillietiella hebitihamata Self & Kuntz, 1960

:::*Raillietiella hemidactyli Hett, 1934

:::*Raillietiella indica Gedoelst, 1921

:::*Raillietiella kochi Heymons, 1926

:::*Raillietiella mabuiae Heymons, 1922

:::*Raillietiella maculatus Rao & Hiregaudar, 1962

:::*Raillietiella maculilabris Ali, Riley & Self, 1984

:::*Raillietiella madagascariensis McAllister et al., 1993

:::*Raillietiella mediterranea (Hett, 1915)

:::*Raillietiella monarchus Ali, Riley & Self, 1984

:::*Raillietiella morenoi Abreu-Acosta et al., 2006

:::*Raillietiella mottae Almeida, Freire & Lopes, 2008

:::*Raillietiella namibiensis Riley & Heideman 1998

:::*Raillietiella orientalis (Hett, 1915)

:::*Raillietiella piscator Nair, 1967

:::*Raillietiella rileyi Krishnasamy et al., 1995

:::*Raillietiella schoutedeni Fain, 1960

:::*Raillietiella scincoides Ali, Riley & Self, 1984

:::*Raillietiella spiralis Hett, 1924

:::*Raillietiella teagueselfi Riley, McAllister & Freed, 1988

:::*Raillietiella tetrapoda (Gretillat, Brygoo & Domergue, 1962)

:::*Raillietiella trachea Riley, Oaks & Gilbert, 2003

:::*Raillietiella venteli (Motta, 1965)

::*Yelirella Spratt, 2010

:::*Yelirella petauri (Spratt, 2010)

Reighardiida Almeida & Christoffersen, 1999

:*Reighardiidae Heymons, 1926

::*Hispania Martínez et al., 2004

:::*Hispania vulturis Martínez et al., 2004

::*Reighardia Ward, 1899

:::*Reighardia lomviae Dyck, 1975

:::*Reighardia sternae (Diesing, 1864)