Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The Monasticon Gallicanum is a collection of 168 engravings of topographical views, with two maps, representing 147 monasteries in France belonging to the reformist Congregation of St. Maur within the Order of St. Benedict, prepared between 1675 and 1694, when Dom Michel Germain, who commissioned them, died, but not published in full until 1870.

Creation 1675–94
The members of the Congregation of St. Maur had a strong interest in monastic history and produced many notable historiographical works on individual religious houses There was a need however for a work covering all the monasteries of the Congregation.

Dom Michel Germain, a monk at the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés and a friend of Jean Mabillon, undertook the task. From 1675 he wrote individual historical texts about, and commissioned the accompanying plates of, all the Maurist monasteries, but although by the time of his death in 1694 the plates had been engraved and most of the texts written, the work did not proceed to publication.

The texts remained in manuscript, in the form of booklets and loose leaves. Over time they became disordered and some were lost; those surviving eventually found their way to the Bibliothèque nationale de France.

As for the engravings, which Dom Germain commissioned from several different unknown engravers, a small number of prints were made at the time, which circulated loose, and the copper plates were then dispersed without trace. A very few sets were assembled and bound by different individuals from 1694 through the 18th century; these however included various additional prints foreign to the set.

Publication 1870-71
Achille Peigné-Delacourt, an antiquary and collector of mediaeval documents, realised the importance of Germain's illustrations, since so many of the original buildings had been lost in the interval. In 1860 he published reproductions of the engravings relating to the monasteries in the province of Reims, with the promise to publish the complete set of the engravings after taking care to remove the other illustrations that had been added to them by the various amateur collectors who had preserved them. The task of verifying which engravings were genuinely among those commissioned by Germain was undertaken by Louis Courajod, archivist and palaeographer attached to the Department of Prints and Photographs of the Bibliothèque Nationale (then the Bibliothèque Impériale) for the complete edition of the illustrations of the Monasticon Gallicanum published in 1870-71, which successfully reproduced the prints at half-size without losing sharpness of detail.

A couple of facsimile editions were published in the later 20th century.

Notes and references

Further reading 
 Monasticon Gallicanum, Vol. 1 (1871) with plates (online: Google Books)

17th-century engravings
French non-fiction books
The 2012 Berlin Marathon was the 39th edition of the annual marathon event and was held on Sunday 30 September on the streets of Berlin, Germany. An IAAF Gold Label Road Race, it was the third World Marathon Majors event to be held that year. Geoffrey Mutai won the men's race in a time of 2:04:15 hours and Aberu Kebede was the women's winner in 2:20:30. A total of 34,377 people (26472 men, 7905 women) finished the marathon race.

Prior to the race, Mutai was the principal focus of men's competition and the head of an attempt to challenge Patrick Makau's world record set at the 2011 Berlin Marathon. To assist in this challenge, the organisers invited a number of his training partners, among them Dennis Kimetto, who was untested over the distance but a world record holder over 25 km. Other competitors included Geoffrey Kipsang, another marathon debutant, and Jonathan Maiyo (a sub-2:05 runner). Mizuki Noguchi's course record from 2006 was the target for the women's race, with the Ethiopia duo and training partners Aberu Kebede and Tirfi Tsegaye the leading runners.

By the halfway point of the men's race, Mutai, Kimetto, Geoffrey Kipsang and Maiyo were still in contention. Mutai pulled away from the pack, along with Kimetto, after 30 km. Kimetto remained close to the leader put never overtook him, leaving Mutai to take the title (and the World Marathon Majors jackpot) by a margin of second with his winning time of 2:04:15 hours. The times of the Kenyan pair were the fastest recorded that year and the fourth and fifth fastest ever at that point. Despite the fast times of the men's race, some reporters felt the finish to be an anti-climax – both Mutai and Kimetto slowed in the final kilometres and neither pushed the other into a sprint finish, even though they finished one second apart. The Guardian's Ross Tucker remarked that the positions seemed "pre-planned" between the training partners. Geoffrey Kipsang comfortably took third place with a time of 2:06:12 for his debut run. The top nine men were all Kenyan, with Japan's Masakazu Fujiwara rounding out the top ten places.

The women's race was also dominated by two East African training partners. Aberu Kebede (winner in 2010) and Tirfi Tsegaye were unchallenged after the halfway point. In contrast to the men's race, Aberu pulled away on her own and recorded a best of 2:20:30 hours to win (over a minute short of the course record). Runner-up Tirfi also improved her best (2:21:19) and Olena Shurkhno took third place some two minutes later with a Ukrainian record time.

Swiss athletes Marcel Hug and Sandra Graf topped the wheelchair race rankings. The in-line skating competitions were won by Ewen Fernandez and Sabine Berg, respectively.

Results

Elite results

Elite men

Elite women

Wheelchair

Men

Women

In-line skating
Men

Women

References

Official results
39. BMW BERLIN-MARATHON 2012. SCC Events. Retrieved on 2011-10-06.

External links

Official Berlin Marathon website

Berlin Marathon
Berlin
Berlin Marathon
2012 in Berlin
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Arusha () is the Metropolitan See for the Ecclesiastical province of Arusha in Tanzania.

History
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Arusha is among 34 Dioceses of Catholic Church of Tanzania, which are practising Roman rite. According to history, evangelisation in Arusha started in July 15, 1926 when Holy Ghost Fathers Missionaries from Kilimanjaro were invited to visit Arusha. At that moment Arusha  was the part of Kilimanjaro Vicariate. These priests arrived in Arusha and opened Mission in an area known as Mesopotamia.The Mission centre of Mesopotamia was developed slowly into a Parish, which is known as St Theresa of Child Jesus Parish.

 March 1, 1963: Established as Diocese of Arusha from the Diocese of Moshi 
 March 16, 1999: Promoted as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Arusha

Special churches

The seat of the archbishop is St. Theresa’s Metropolitan Cathedral in Arusha.

Bishops
 Bishops of Arusha (Roman rite)
 Bishop Dennis Vincent Durning, C.S.Sp. (1963.03.01 – 1989.03.06)
 Bishop Fortunatus M. Lukanima (1989.03.06 – 1998.07.20)
 Bishop Josaphat Louis Lebulu (1998.11.28 – 1999.03.16); see below
 Metropolitan Archbishops of Arusha (Roman rite)
 Archbishop Josaphat Louis Lebulu (1999.03.16 - 2017.12.27); see above
 Archbishop Isaac Amani Massawe (2017.12.27 - )

Auxiliary Bishop
Prosper Balthazar Lyimo (2014-)

Suffragan dioceses
 Mbulu
 Moshi
 Same

See also
Roman Catholicism in Tanzania
List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Tanzania

Sources
 GCatholic.org

References

Arusha
Arusha
Arusha
TSS Atalanta was a passenger vessel built for the London and South Western Railway in 1907.

History

She was built by Gourlay Brothers in Dundee for the London and South Western Railway. She was launched on  26 April 1907 by Miss Drummond, daughter of Mr Drummond, chief engineer of the Highland Railway Company, in the presence of her father and Mr. Douglas Drummond, chief engineer of the London and South Western Railway Company; Mr Drummond, jun. She was employed as a tender until 1910 when she was sold to the Great Western Railway. In 1913 she was in collision with a submerged rock near Bolt Head in Devon, when she was on an excursion trip from Plymouth to Torquay.

During the First World War she was hired by the Admiralty and used as a rescue tug around the Isles of Scilly. She was renamed Atalanta III.

She returned to Plymouth after the war but was laid up out of use until sold to the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company in 1923 who purchased her as a tender for Bermuda.

The ship was scuttled on 11 June 1940 at Le Havre under the name La Brettoniere.

References

1907 ships
Passenger ships of the United Kingdom
Steamships of the United Kingdom
Ships built in Dundee
Ships of the Great Western Railway
Ships of the London and South Western Railway
Eliza Lewis () is an Indian voice actress, voice-dubbing artist and a director of Indian dubbed content and foreign dubbed content. She speaks English and Hindi as her mother tongue languages. She did her schooling from Bombay Scottish School and was a classmate and very good friend of the youngest Ashok Chakra awardee Neerja Bhanot

Her career has first starting with the animation industry all the way back in 1986 where she worked with Jenny Pinto at ThinkBig Productions. Her first shooting was with animation veteran Ram Mohan.

In 2000, she founded an dubbing studio by the name of Main Frame Software Communications, located at Sitadevi, Temple Road Mumbai. It is a division of UTV, set up during her tenure. Eliza and her crew members then begun to dub project works for Discovery, Walt Disney, Nickelodeon, Warner Bros., 20th Century Fox and other studios that are associated with this studio are highly experienced personnel in their area of expertise. In addition, she and her crew were involved in original animation casting and voice directions of several productions created in India. For foreign content, they mostly dubbed for live action and animated programs and films. Not only did she and her crew dubbed them into the Indian national language which is Hindi but also its other regional languages such as Tamil, Telugu, Marathi, Gujarati, Punjabi and certain other languages. They even dubbed some content in English as well.

References

Indian voice actresses
Film directors from Mumbai
Indian casting directors
Women casting directors
Indian voice directors
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Nanny Larsén-Todsen (2 August 1884 – 26 May 1982) was a Swedish  dramatic soprano, renowned for her performances in works by Richard Wagner and counted as one of the most notable Wagnerian sopranos of the 20th-century, from the generation before Frida Leider and Kirsten Flagstad. She was particularly popular at the Bayreuth Festival as Brunnhilde and Isolde.

Biography 
Active at the Royal Swedish Opera 1906–25, at La Scala 1923–24, the Metropolitan Opera 1925–27, and Bayreuth in 1927–31, she also made guest appearances at most of the major European opera houses. Her last appearance was at the Paris Opera in 1937, as Isolde.

She received Litteris et Artibus in 1920, was elected into the Royal Swedish Academy of Music in 1924, and made Hovsångerska in 1925.

Living in Stockholm following her retirement from the stage, Larsén-Todsen taught singing.

Recordings
1928: Richard Wagner: Tristan und Isolde (abridged); Nanny Larsen-Todsen (as Isolde), with Anny Helm (Brangäne), Gunnar Graarud (Tristan), Rudolf Bockelmann (Kurwenal], Ivar Andrésen (König Marke), Joachim Sattler (Melot), Gustav Rödin (ein junger Seemann) and Hans Beer (Ein Hirt). Bayreuth Festival Orchestra & Chorus, conducted by Karl Elmendorff. Originally issued by the Columbia Graphophone Company in 1929 on 20 discs (Columbia L 2187–206), this was recorded (without audience) in the Bayreuth Festspielhaus with the approval of Siegfried Wagner during the late summer of 1928.

There were several CD reissues: Naxos CD 8.110200-02 (3 CDs) | Grammofono 2000 AB 78925-26 (2 CDs) | Preiser PSR 90383 (2 CDs)

References

Barometern, 1 August 1974.
 Göransson, Roland, "Hagbyflickan som blev firad operastjärna", 1999 Södermörekrönikan. Kalmar: Södermöre hembygdsförening. 1987– . Libris 662,229.
 Sohlmans musiklexikon (The Sohlman Music Dictionary) 
 Warrack, John and West, Ewan (1992), The Oxford Dictionary of Opera, 782 pages,

External links

Postcard portrait of Nanny Larsen-Todsen

1884 births
1982 deaths
Swedish operatic sopranos
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music
Litteris et Artibus recipients
20th-century Swedish women  opera singers
This is a list of prime ministers of Israel by place of birth.

Russian Empire (6)
 David Ben-Gurion (1886–1973) — Płońsk, Congress Poland, Russian Empire (present-day Poland)
 Moshe Sharett (1894–1965) — Kherson, Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine)
 Levi Eshkol (1895–1969) — Orativ, Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine)
 Golda Meir (1898–1978) — Kiev, Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine)
 Menachem Begin (1913–1992) — Brest, Russian Empire (present-day Belarus)
 Yitzhak Shamir (1915–2012) — Ruzhinoy, Russian Empire (present-day Belarus)

Second Polish Republic (1) 
 Shimon Peres (1923–2016) — Vishnyeva, Second Polish Republic (present-day Belarus)

Mandatory Palestine (4) 
 Yitzhak Rabin (1922–1995) — Jerusalem, Mandatory Palestine
 Ariel Sharon (1928–2014) — Kfar Malal, Mandatory Palestine
 Ehud Barak (born 1942) — Mishmar HaSharon, Mandatory Palestine
 Ehud Olmert (born 1945) — Binyamina, Mandatory Palestine

State of Israel (3) 
 Benjamin Netanyahu (born 1949) — Tel Aviv, Israel
 Yair Lapid (born 1963) — Tel Aviv, Israel
 Naftali Bennett (born 1972) — Haifa, Israel

See also 
 Prime Minister of Israel
 List of prime ministers of Israel

 
Birthplaces
Prime Ministers, List
Prime Ministers
Israel, Prime Minister of
Israel
State Highway 71, also known as SH-71, is a state highway connecting Tiptur of Tumakuru district and Devarayapattana of Hassan district, in the South Indian state of Karnataka. It has a total length of . 

Major towns and villages on the highway are: Tiptur, Maranagere, Lingadahalli, Chattanahalli, Honnenahalli, Tadasuru, Melapura, Lakkihalli, Kenkere, Marashettihalli, Honnakumarana Halli (Gandasi Handpost), Manjenahalli, Rudradevara Halli, Dudda, Chikka Kadaluru, Koravangala Cross, Cheeranahalli, B.T Koppalu and Devarayapattana (Hassan outskirts).

This highway, along with SH-102 (Arsikere-Dudda) forms the entire stretch of Hassan-Arsikere highway.

References

State Highways in Karnataka
The Yama () is a river in Magadan Oblast, Russian Far East. It is  long, with a drainage basin of .

The R504 Kolyma Highway passes just west of the sources of the Yama. The name of the river is probably of Koryak origin.

Course 
The Yama has its source in the southwestern slopes of the Maymandzhin Range, at the confluence of rivers Maimandzha and Maimachan, near Atka and not far from the sources of north-heading Maltan. It flows in a roughly southeastern direction along its entire course. The last stretch of the Yama is in a marshy coastal area where it divides into multiple sleeves and where there are many small thermokarst lakes on the right bank. Finally it flows by Yamsk village into the Perevolochny estuary, separated by a landspit from Yam Bay, at the southwest end of the Shelikhov Gulf, Sea of Okhotsk.

The main tributaries of the Yama are the  long Tob, the  long Alut and the  long Khalanchiga from the right.

Flora and fauna
Chosenia trees grow in the Yama floodplain by the banks of the river. 

The Yama river is a spawning ground for salmon species, including chum salmon, pink salmon and coho salmon. Arctic char and grayling are also found in the river.

See also
List of rivers of Russia

References

External links
Kolyma - Modern Guidebook to Magadan Oblast

Rivers of Magadan Oblast
Drainage basins of the Sea of Okhotsk
During the 2007–08 German football season, Bayer 04 Leverkusen competed in the Bundesliga.

Season summary
Despite recording an identical league record to the previous season, Leverkusen dropped to 7th, the first time they had failed to qualify for Europe in five seasons. Michael Skibbe was sacked as a result, and was replaced by Greuther Fürth manager Bruno Labbadia.

First-team squad
Squad at end of season

Left club during season

References

Notes

Bayer 04 Leverkusen
Bayer 04 Leverkusen seasons
The 1659 Battle of Grudziądz took place in the Polish town of Grudziądz () during the Swedish Deluge (), around 29–30 August 1659. Polish forces were commanded either by hetman Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski or general Krzysztof Grodzicki (sources vary). The battle ended with the Polish victory, after a week-long siege; however much of the city was destroyed in a fire.

Background
Swedes had taken Grudziądz on December 13, 1655,  after their failed attempt at conquering Denmark followed by the subsequent march along the Baltic coast. The Swedish troops of King Charles X, went on to build additional fortifications in the town, which were later inspected by the king himself, on his tour of the south coast of the Baltic sea. Polish hetman Stefan Czarniecki – Field Hetman of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom – arrived in Pomorze at the beginning of 1657 with an armed force of about 6,000 cavalrymen ready for the defence of the region, which was part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth ruled by the Polish King John II Casimir (1648–1668). The battle was fought by the entrenched Swedish units in the town and the surrounding Polish army.

Battle
Along with Stefan Czarniecki arrived the Polish Prince Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski – Field Crown Hetman since 1658, who approached Grudziądz fortress in mid-August. (While some sources name Lubomirski the commander, others name general Krzysztof Grodzicki). Poles gave the Swedes an opportunity to surrender, but expecting to be relieved, they refused. After a week-long siege the Poles defeated the Swedes on 29–30 August 1659. Much of the city was destroyed in a fire.

The campaign was won also thanks to the devotion of local government (Starostwo) and Marie Louise Gonzaga who raised the sum of 1,415 Polish zloty to pay for the maintenance of the army.

See also
Siege of Graudenz
Battle of Grudziądz

Notes and references

Grud
Conflicts in 1659
Grudziądz
Grudziądz (1659)
1659 in Europe
Second Northern War
The 2013 OFC U-20 Championship was the 19th edition of the OFC Under 20 Qualifying Tournament, the biennial football championship of Oceania (OFC). The competition was held at two venues in Fiji, from the 21 to 29 March, with the winner qualifying as Oceania's representative at the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup.

New Zealand, the previous title holders, won this year's edition.

Participating teams

 (Host Nation)

Venues
Four matchdays were held at Churchill Park in Lautoka with the last matchday being held at Govind Park in Ba.

Group stage
The competition draw was conducted on February 8 at the headquarters of the Oceania confederation in Auckland, New Zealand.

Awards
The Golden Ball Award was awarded to the most outstanding player of the tournament. The Golden Glove Award was awarded to the best goalkeeper of the tournament. The Golden Boot Award was awarded to the top scorer of the tournament. The Fair Play Award was awarded to the team with the best disciplinary record at the tournament.

References

External links
OFC Site

2013
2012–13 in OFC football
2013 in Fijian sport
2013 Ofc U-20 Championship
2013 in youth association football
Portugal is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe. Portugal is a developed country with a high-income advanced economy and a high living standard. It is the 5th most peaceful country in the world, maintaining a unitary semi-presidential republican form of government. It has the 18th highest Social Progress in the world, putting it ahead of other Western European countries like France, Spain and Italy. A founding member of NATO and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, it is also a member of numerous other international organizations, including the United Nations, the European Union, the eurozone, and the OECD.

For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations, see "Business entities in Portugal".

Notable firms 
This list includes notable companies with primary headquarters located in the country. The industry and sector follow the Industry Classification Benchmark taxonomy. Organizations which have ceased operations are included and noted as defunct.

See also 
 List of airlines of Portugal
 List of supermarket chains in Portugal

References 

 
Portugal
Apophysomyces is a genus of filamentous fungi that are commonly found in soil and decaying vegetation. Species normally grow in tropical to subtropical regions.

The genus Apophysomyces historically was monospecific, containing only the type species Apophysomyces elegans. In 2010, three new species were described: variabilis, trapeziformis, and ossiformis.

Characteristics
Among the other members of zygomycetes, Apophysomyces elegans mostly resembles those from genus Absidia. However, its bell-shaped (although not conical) apophyses (outgrowth), the existence of its foot-cell like hyphal segment, rhizoids produced opposite to the sporangiophores upon cultivation on plain agar, the darker and thicker subapical segment, and inability to sporulate on routine culture media help in distinguishing Apophysomyces elegans.

Apophysomyces elegans is a thermotolerant fungus: it has been found to grow favourably at temperatures of 26 °C and 37 °C, and it grows rapidly at 42 °C. Its colonies are fluffy and cottony in appearance. The surface of the colony is white initially and turns to a brownish-grey or yellowish-cream as the culture ages, while the underside is white to pale yellow in colour.

Pathogenicity
Normally, no special precautions are needed with regard to this fungus.

However, Apophysomyces elegans and Apophysomyces trapeziformis are able to cause mucormycosis, in humans, which is often fatal but very rare. Reports of other mammals being infected are mostly restricted to captive species, but in 2021 a female lesser long-nosed bat was found with mucormycosis in the wild.

Infection is usually acquired via traumatic implantations associated with soil or decaying vegetable matter (such as from accidental injuries or insect bites). Invasive soft tissue infections can develop on burns or wounds which are contaminated by soil. Unlike other zygomycosis, the affected host is usually otherwise immunocompetent. Apophysomyces elegans infections present most commonly as necrotizing fasciitis and/or osteomyelitis. Systemic and secondary renal and bladder infections have also been reported.

See also

Mucormycosis (specific term for infection caused by fungi of the order Mucorales)
Zygomycosis (a more generic term for infection caused by Mucoraceae and various other fungus varieties; the term Mucormycosis is preferred).

References

External links
Image of Apophysomyces sp.
doctorfungus.org entry on Apophysomyces sp.
Apophysomyces species from Index Fungorum
PubMed search page (using search term "apophysomyces")

Mucoraceae
Zygomycota genera