Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The  Mahbere Dego massacres were mass extrajudicial killings that took place in Mahbere Dego () in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia during the Tigray War, on 16-18 January 2021. Mahbere Dego is a small town that belongs to woreda Na’ider, Central zone of Tigray.

Massacre
The Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) killed dozens of civilians in Mahbere Dego (Central Tigray). Videos of the massacres are not time stamped; the massacres are believed to have started on 15 January 2021 and continued for several days. The massacres occurred in a similar way as many massacres in the Tigray War. The ENDF targeted civilians, especially male, in this case merchants, farmers, often brothers or father and son. They filmed the killings, and, exceptionally, a whistleblower transmitted the videos to Tigrai Media House. Dozens of unarmed civilian men were grouped in the wilderness outside of the town, driven to a cliff edge and executed by the Ethiopian soldiers. Thanks to the particular geomorphology of the surroundings, the imagery could be geolocated.
After factchecking the footage of the massacres was published by CNN and BBC.

Typical massacres committed by Ethiopian and Eritrean soldiers in the Tigray war are (1) revenge when they lose a battle; (2) to terrorise and extract information about whereabouts of TPLF leaders; (3) murder of suspected family members of TDF fighters; and (4) terrorising the Tigray society as a whole.

Perpetrators
Relatives, investigators and international media interpreted the identity of the perpetrators as Ethiopian soldiers.

Victims
The BBC mentions 73 victims, and the “Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation” approximately 50 victims; 54 victims have been identified. 

Relatives could only access the crime site on 19 June 2021. Only some bones, ID cards and pieces of clothes were recovered. On 20 June the remains were buried in a funeral ceremony.

Reactions
The Mahbere Dego massacres became world news, evidencing what is ongoing in Tigray. As a consequence, the Ethiopian embassy in London issued a “Statement on the Alleged Massacre in Mahbere Dego, Tigray”:

After months of denial by the Ethiopian authorities that massacres occurred in Tigray, a joint investigation by OHCHR and the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission was announced in March 2021.

The “Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation”, that documented this massacre received international media attention, particularly regarding its Annex A, that lists massacres in the Tigray War.

On 16 June 2021, Tigrai Media House broadcast additional footage of the massacre, showing that a female Amhara soldier was among the killers. Bellingcat confirmed that the video shows the same massacre as the earlier videos.

References

External links
World Peace Foundation: Starving Tigray

January 2021 crimes in Africa
2021 massacres of the Tigray War
Filmed killings
Paul Higgins is a Scottish actor, best known for appearing in the British television series The Thick of It, Utopia and Line of Duty.

Early life
Higgins was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland. He was raised as a Roman Catholic, but now he considers himself a lapsed Catholic. As a teenager, he trained to be a priest, but gave his training up aged 17 when he began dating.

Career
Higgins has appeared onstage in Paul and Black Watch, and in the film Complicity. He played Alan in Staying Alive, a hospital drama on ITV. He has also played Jamie McDonald, an aggressive press officer, in the BBC show The Thick of It and its spin-off feature-length film, In the Loop. In 2009, he appeared as Gil Cameron on the BBC drama Hope Springs. He played Michael Dugdale in Channel 4's acclaimed conspiracy thriller Utopia. In 2013 he appeared in series 1 of the BBC series Line of Duty and returned for season 4 in 2017.
He wrote a play titled Nobody Will Ever Forgive Us, which was performed at the Traverse Theatre, Edinburgh in a co-production with the National Theatre of Scotland in November 2008.

Personal life
Higgins is married to actress Amelia Bullmore, whom he met in 1992 while co-starring with her in A View from the Bridge in Manchester. Since December 2019 he has been Chair of ACT, the Actors' Children's Trust, and since September 2021 a Trustee of The Vegan Society.

Filmography

References

External links

Living people
Scottish male television actors
20th-century Scottish male actors
Scottish male stage actors
1964 births
RCAF Detachment Grand Bend, located near Grand Bend, Ontario, was built in 1942 as part of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan. It was the primary relief aerodrome ("R1") for student pilots training with No. 9 Service Flying Training School at RCAF Station Centralia. Grand Bend was home to No. 1 Flying Control School from 1951 to 1957. The station was used by Centralia until 1961 when it began use with Canadian Army. It was given back to the RCAF in 1962 and was used by RCAF Station Centralia until the aerodrome closed in 1963. Subsequent owners of the property were Eagleson Construction, John Twynsta Holdings Ltd, POG Ltd (Pickling Onion Growers)and the Grand Bend Motorplex.

Aerodrome information
In approximately 1942 the aerodrome was listed as RCAF Aerodrome - Grand Bend, Ontario at  with a variation of 5 degrees west and elevation of . The aerodrome was listed with three runways as follows:

The Grand Bend Motorplex uses the original runway 13/31 as a drag racing track. Runway 01/19 is now an access to the dragstrip and also the Grand Bend Speedway oval and Grand Bend Motocross dirt bike tracks. The remaining runway 07/25 of the airfield is shared by the Grand Bend Raceway, the Grand Bend Sport Parachuting Center and some local private aircraft. The only RCAF building that remains is the hangar, with the control tower perched on top. The property was subsequently owned by Bell Aerospace, Exeter plastics and P.O.G.  The aerodrome is now operated as the Grand Bend Airport.

References

External links
 Royal Canadian Air Force website
 Bruce Forsyth's Canadian Military History Page
 Grand Bend Sport Parachuting Center
 Grand Bend Motorplex

Grand Bend
Military airbases in Ontario
Airports of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan
Defunct airports in Ontario
Military history of Ontario
1942 establishments in Ontario
The Dagstorp Runestone, designated as DR 325 in the Rundata catalog, is a Viking Age memorial runestone that was discovered at Dagstorp, which is about two kilometers northwest of Kävlinge, Scania, Sweden.

Description
This granite runestone, which is 1.58 meters in height, was discovered in 1910 by a farmer broken into 104 pieces in a mound in Dagstorp. The Dagstorp Runestone was reconstructed in 1929 and is currently located at the Kulturen in Lund where it is known as the Dagstorpsten. The inscription consists of runic text within a band that forms an arch. This inscription is classified as being carved in runestone style RAK. This is the classification for those inscriptions where the ends of the runic bands are straight and do not have any attached serpent or beast heads. RAK is considered to be the oldest style. The runic text is carved in the younger futhark and indicates that the stone is a memorial placed by a man named Sigmundr in memory of his father Klakkr. The runemaster, who did not sign the inscription, used a punctuation mark × between each word in the text.

This inscription is dated as having been carved after the Jelling stones.

Inscription

Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters
× si(k)mtr × sati × stin × þansi × iftiʀ × klakʀ × faþur × sin ×

Transcription into Old Norse
Sigmundr satti sten þænsi æftiʀ Klakkʀ(?), faþur sin.

Translation in English
Sigmundr placed this stone in memory of Klakkr(?), his father.

References

Runestones in Scania
Culture in Lund
History of Lund
Fred H. Offenhauser, Jr. (November 11, 1888 – August 17, 1973), was a machinist and self taught automotive engineer who developed the Offenhauser racing engine, nicknamed the "Offy", which dominated competition in the Indianapolis 500 race for decades. He also built the Novi engine, which was designed by Bud Winfield and Leo Goossen.

Biography
Frederick Offenhauser, Jr., was born November 11, 1888, in Los Angeles, California, the oldest child of Martha and Frederick Offenhauser. Both his parents were natives of Germany who had emigrated as young adults. His father worked as a barber.

Offenhauser, Jr. married Ethel C. Lowery.

In 1913, when he was 25, Offenhauser began working in the shop of Harry Arminius Miller, having learned his trade as a machinist working for a railroad. That year a Peugeot Grand Prix car won the Indianapolis 500. It was equipped with a state-of-the-art double overhead cam, four valve per cylinder engine. Miller named Offenhauser as the head of his engine department in 1914.

Bob Burman was campaigning the Peugeot engine that year, but when World War I made it impossible to get parts, Miller's shop got the job of maintaining it. The design so impressed Miller and Offenhauser that they designed an engine on largely similar principles.

In 1917, Offenhauser designed and built Barney Oldfield's famous "Golden Submarine". In 1919, Leo Goossen joined Miller's shop, and Offenhauser became plant manager. Miller's company went bankrupt in 1933 during the Great Depression.

Offenhauser bought the patterns and equipment from Miller, and began developing a new engine with Goossen. What became known as the Offenhauser engine was driven to great success in roadsters at the Indianapolis 500, with 24 victories in 27 years. Offenhauser did not frequently attend the races at Indianapolis.

In 1934, Offenhauser built his first 97-cubic inch-engine for midget car racing. Curly Mills was the first to win with this engine in his car.

By 1941 Offenhauser's shop had developed the Novi engine, designed by Goossen and Bud Winfield. It was first promoted under the Winfield name. With additional development, it was used on racing cars in the Indianapolis 500 from 1941 to 1966.

In 1946 Offenhauser sold his business to Louis Meyer and Dale Drake. Meyer and Drake continued producing the motor using the Offenhauser name.

Offenhauser died August 17, 1973, in Los Angeles, California. He was buried at Inglewood Park Cemetery in Inglewood, California.

Legacy and posthumous awards
In 1982 Offenhauser was inducted into the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Hall of Fame.
In 1994 he was inducted into the National Sprint Car Hall of Fame.
In 1999 he was inducted into the National Midget Auto Racing Hall of Fame.
In 2001, he inducted into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame.
In 2002, he was inducted into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America.

References

External links

1888 births
1973 deaths
International Motorsports Hall of Fame inductees
National Sprint Car Hall of Fame inductees
Burials at Inglewood Park Cemetery
American people of German descent
American founders of automobile manufacturers
Father Goose's Year Book: Quaint Quacks and Feathered Shafts for Mature Children is a collection of humorous nonsense poetry written by L. Frank Baum, author of the Oz books. It was published in 1907.

The book was illustrated by Walter J. Enright; he was the husband of Maginel Wright Enright, the artist who illustrated Baum's The Twinkle Tales (1906), Policeman Bluejay (1907), and L. Frank Baum's Juvenile Speaker (1910).

As its title indicates, Father Goose's Year Book was an attempt to capitalize on the prior success of Father Goose: His Book, the 1899 collaboration between Baum and W. W. Denslow that was the dominant best-seller in children's literature at the turn of the twentieth century. Baum had made similar attempts, with uneven results; The Songs of Father Goose (1900) had been a respectable seller, but other ventures, including a Father Goose Calendar, failed to materialize. The Year Book was a belated version of the calendar: it was a date book with humorous poems and pictures on the left (the verso side of each leaf), faced with blank pages on the right (the recto side) for making notes.

Baum's poems for the collection are similar to his verses in the original Father Goose, but aimed at adults (the "mature children" of the subtitle). The Year Book was described as "the first book for grown-ups by the author of The Wizard of Oz, Ozma of Oz, etc." Unfortunately, Baum's rhymes in the Year Book are tainted with the racial and ethnic prejudices and stereotypes of his era; indeed, it is this aspect of the book that is most striking to a modern sensibility.

References

External links

Books by L. Frank Baum
American poetry collections
1907 books
Thomas Winstanley (1749 – 2 September 1823) was an academic at the University of Oxford, who held the positions of Camden Professor of Ancient History, Laudian Professor of Arabic, and principal of St Alban Hall.

Life
Winstanley was born in the town of Winstanley, in what was then Lancashire, and was baptised on 11 November 1749.  After an education at Manchester Grammar School, he matriculated at the University of Oxford as a member of Brasenose College in 1768, obtaining his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1771 and his Master of Arts degree in 1774. He was appointed to a fellowship at Hertford College and succeeded Thomas Warton as Camden Professor of Ancient History in 1790.  He was elected principal of St Alban Hall in 1797, and appointed as Laudian Professor of Arabic in 1814 (holding this in addition to the Camden chair).  He was rector of Steyning, Sussex, between 1790 and 1792; prebendary of St Paul's Cathedral from 1794 to 1810; and vicar of St Nicholas and St Clements, Rochester, Kent, from 1812.  His writings included Aristotelous peri poiētikēs: Aristotelis de poetica liber (1780), and an edition of the works of Daniel Webb (1802).

Winstanley died on 2 September 1823. He is buried in St Peter's-in-the-East in Oxford with a monument by Robert Blore.

References

1749 births
1823 deaths
People educated at Manchester Grammar School
Alumni of Brasenose College, Oxford
Fellows of Hertford College, Oxford
Principals of St Alban Hall, Oxford
Camden Professors of Ancient History
Laudian Professors of Arabic
Franz Christian Boll (17 October 1805, Neubrandenburg – 20 March 1875) was a Lutheran theologian and historian. He was the father of physiologist Franz Christian Boll (1849–1879), and the brother of naturalist Ernst Boll (1817–1868), with whom he collaborated throughout his career.

He studied theology in Halle, Berlin and Rostock, and in 1835 returned to Neubrandenburg as a pastor and school teacher. In 1866 he became "Praepositus" of the Neubrandenburg Synod.

As a historian, Boll dealt largely with the history of the Mecklenburg region in Germany. This work involved investigations of documented information contained in various towns and churches, including intensive study on the history of Neubrandenburg and the Broda monastery. His two-volume work, Geschichte der Lande Stargard bis 1470, was an historical account of Mecklenburg-Stargard prior to the year 1470. Boll also performed  archaeological research in the Mecklenburg region, and with his brother, he collaborated on Die Geschichte Mecklenburgs, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Culturgeschichte, a two-volume treatise involving the history of Mecklenburg, with particular attention given to its cultural history.

Boll was an active member of the Neubrandenburger Reformbewegung, a confederation that was part of the reform movement of 1848. As his career progressed, he became good friends with novelist Fritz Reuter (1810–1874).

Publications 
 Geschichte des Landes Stargard bis 1470, two volumes. 1846
 Die Geschichte Mecklenburgs, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Culturgeschichte. 1855–1856, two volumes (primary author Ernst Boll).
 Chronik der Vorderstadt Neubrandenburg. 1875
 "Freut euch, ihr Mecklenburger!" – Mecklenburg im Jahre 1848. surviving manuscript, first released in 1998.

References 

Peter Maubach: Neubrandenburg – so wie es war. Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 1997, , S. 32–34.

1805 births
1875 deaths
People from Neubrandenburg
19th-century German Lutheran clergy
People from Mecklenburg-Strelitz
19th-century German historians
19th-century German writers
19th-century German male writers
German male non-fiction writers
Møllegade (lit. "Mill Street") is a street in the Nørrebro district of Copenhagen, Denmark. It runs from Nørrebrogade in the southwest to Nørre Allé in the northeast. Copenhagen's Jewish Northern Cemetery has its entrance on the south side of the street and De Gamles By is located on its north side.

History
The street is one of the oldest road stretches in Nørrebro. It was part of the original Jagtvej which was created shortly after the construction of Ladegården in 1620 to provide royal hunting parties with easy access to Store Vibenshus from where they followed the Eoyal Frederiksborg Road north to Jægersborg Dyrehave or Frederiksborg Castle in North Zealand.

The lower part of the road later became known as Jødevej (Jew Road) due to the location of the Jewish Cemetery. In 1831, it was one of only three side roads to Nørrebrogade. The upper part of the street was called Sandgravsvej ("Sand Pit Road") due to a number of sand pits located where De Gamles By is today. The sand was for instance used for white-washing of floors. The road received its current name in 1858.

Notable buildings and residents

LiteraturHaus  (No. 7) is a meeting place for aspiring writers, artists and other people with an interest in literature. The building is a former Methodist church, Bethania Church, which was built in 1892 to design by the architects  Henrik Hagemann and Knud Arne Petersen. LiteraturHaus opened in April 2005 with inspiration from similar venues in Germany.

The Jewish Cemetery (Mp. 12) was established at the site in the 1690s. The brick wall which today surrounds the cemetery on three sides, along Møllegade, Guldbergsgade and Birkegade, was built in 1873 to a design by Vilhelm Tvede. The entrance is on Møllegade. The cemetery was listed in 1983.

Det Frie Gymnasium (No. 26) is an upper secondary school which emphasizes school democracy, alternative teaching methods and creative programmes. The school was founded in 1970 and has been located on Møllegade since 1992.

The Alderstrøst charitable housing complex  ([No. 28–30) was built by Håndværkerforeningen and contained affordable housing for old craftsmen. The buildings at No. 15 and No. 19 were completed in 1895 to design by Thorvald Sørensen. The building at No. 17 was built in 1939 by Henning Hansen.

The daycare Møllehuset (No. 33) opened in 2004. The building was designed by OMC Arkitekter.

Public art
Next to LiteraturHaus stands Anders Bundgaard's bronze statue Studying Girl (Danish: Granskende Pige) from 1934. It depicts a girl reading a runestone and a scroll. It was installed at the site in 2008.

References

External links

Streets in Nørrebro
Alfamén is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2016 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 1,466 inhabitants Its demonym is vena. This town is reputed for its Melons and watermelons.

There are ruins of an ancient Iberian settlement in the Cabezo de Altomira hill, located about 4 km NE of the town.

See also
Campo de Cariñena
List of municipalities in Zaragoza

References

External links 

Ayuntamiento de Alfamén - Alfamén
Cabezo Altomira. Alfamén, Guía Práctica

Municipalities in the Province of Zaragoza
The tiger grouper (Mycteroperca tigris) is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. It is found in the warmer waters of the western Atlantic Ocean.

Description
The tiger grouper has a body which is elongate, robust and compressed, its depth being the no greater at the origin of the dorsal fin as it is at the origin of the anal fin, and a large mouth. The standard length is 3.1 to 3.6 times the depth of the body. The preopercle is rounded and does not have a lobe at its angle. The dorsal fin contains 11 spines and 15-17 soft rays while the anal fin contains 3 spines and 11 soft rays. The membranes between the dorsal fin spines are obviously notched. The caudal fin is a straight in juveniles and slightly concave in adults. The upper body is dark  and there are 9 to 11 thin, pale oblique lines. It is capable of dramatic changes in colour, as well as lightening or darkening its colour. It can even sometimes be bright red in colour, particularly when being attended to by cleaner fish. The juveniles are yellow with a dusky line along the flanks. This species attains a total length of , although they are commonly around , and a maximum published weight of .

Distribution
The tiger grouper is found in the western Atlantic Ocean from southeastern Florida, Bermuda and the Bahamas, as well as the Flower Garden Banks in the north, southwards through the Caribbean Sea to the Maroni River in French Guiana. A disjunct population occurs in Brazil where they are found from Ceara State to Rio de Janeiro State.

Habitat and biology
The tiger grouper is a solitary species which is found on coral reefs and in rocky areas. It is an ambush predator of smaller fishes. It hides among coral and sponges and is attempts to remain concealed, even when approached. It attaneds the cleaning stations of cleaner fish. The population around Bermuda has a size distribution and sex  ratio which suggest that tiger groupers are protogynous hermaphrodites,  all of the fish with a total length less than  were female and all of the fish with a total length greater than  were male. They are found at depths of . It is known to form spawning aggregations in the northern part of its range but these have not been recorded off Brazil.

Taxonomy
The tiger grouper was first formally described as Serranus tigris in 1833 by the French zoologist Achille Valenciennes (1794-1865) with the type locality given as San Domingo.

Utilisation
The tiger grouper is targeted by fisheries throughout its range. It is caught using handlines and by spear fishing.

References

External links
 
 

tiger grouper
Fauna of the Southeastern United States
Fish of the Western Atlantic
tiger grouper
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Taxa named by Achille Valenciennes
Davidstow Cheddar is a brand of Cheddar cheese manufactured by Dairy Crest, at the Davidstow Creamery in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, alongside Cathedral City Cheddar.

Production
Cheddar cheese has been produced at Davidstow for over 60 years; the plant was set up there in 1951 by Cow & Gate. Milk is supplied by 300 farms in Cornwall and Devon, all within a 50-mile (80 km) radius. The Davidstow plant is the largest in Britain, having been upgraded in 2004, and has the capacity to produce 1,000 tonnes of Davidstow and Cathedral City cheese per week.

Awards
Davidstow won Gold trophies  at the International Cheese Awards in Nantwich in 2010 and 2011. Rick Stein has put his name to a brand of savoury oat biscuits with Davidstow cheddar cheese. and Davidstow cheddar is used by Nathan Outlaw in his two Michelin star restaurant.

References

External links

Davidstow Cheddar website

Cornish cheeses
Cow's-milk cheeses