Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The Chicago Society of Artists is a non-profit organization. The "CSA is the oldest continuing association of artists in the United States. Since its inception and incorporation in 1889, the Chicago Society of Artists has had two primary objectives – the advancement of art in the Chicago area and cultivation of the production and display of member art works".

Notable members
 
 Gertrude Abercrombie
 Frances Badger
 Belle Baranceanu
 Orval Caldwell
 Gustaf Dalstrom
 Ruth VanSickle Ford
 Todros Geller
 C. Bertram Hartman
 Natalie Smith Henry
 John Christen Johansen
 Edwin Boyd Johnson
 Paul Klein
 Joseph Kleitsch
 Beatrice S. Levy
 LeRoy Neiman
 Edgar Alwin Payne
 Leo Segedin
 John Vanderpoel
 James F. Walker
 Frances Farrand Dodge

References

Arts organizations based in Illinois
American artist groups and collectives
Non-profit organizations based in Chicago
Arts organizations established in 1889
1889 establishments in Illinois
Cette vie nouvelle is the name of the debut album of the French singer Priscilla Betti. Released in June 2002, it was preceded by the two singles "Quand je serai jeune" and  "Cette Vie nouvelle" (a cover version of the famous hit "What a Feeling", from the soundtrack of Flashdance), which were both top-ten hits in France. Another song from the album was released as a third single, "Bla bla bla".

The songs were composed by various artists, including Philippe Swan (he wrote "Votre Fille"), who charted in France in 1989 with his song "Dans ma rue" (#36). Philippe Osman and Bertrand Châtenet, who had wholly composed the following albums of Priscilla, also participated in this album: Osman composed six songs, made the arrangements and played the keyboards and the guitar, while Châtenet mixed them.

On the French Albums Chart, the album peaked at #18 in its fifth week on July 6, 2002, and remained on the chart for 18 weeks. It was certified Silver disc by the SNEP, the French certifier.

Track listing

 "Bla bla bla" — 2:35
 "Cette Vie nouvelle" — 3:48
 "Plus" — 3:19
 "Qui que tu sois" — 3:58
 "Tout arrive" — 4:07
 "C'est vrai" — 4:16
 "Quand je serai jeune" — 4:09
 "Belles autrement" — 3:47
 "Fou d'elle" — 4:04
 "Votre fille" — 2:50 
+ Extras :
 "Cette Vie nouvelle" (music video)
 "Cette Vie nouvelle" (karaoke)
 Gallery of photos
 Awake screen
 Biography

Certifications

Charts

References

2002 debut albums
Priscilla Betti albums
The Pakistan Army basketball team is the basketball team of the sports department of the Pakistan Army. Several of the team's players belong to the elite of Pakistan and have played for the Pakistan national basketball team.

Notable players

 Nawazish Ali Lora
 Pervaiz Hussain 
 Waheed Iqbal

References 

Sports clubs and teams in Pakistan
Basketball in Pakistan
Military sport in Pakistan
Pakistan Army
In mathematics, specifically in computational geometry, geometric nonrobustness is a problem wherein branching decisions in computational geometry algorithms are based on approximate numerical computations, leading to various forms of unreliability including ill-formed output and software failure through crashing or infinite loops.

For instance, algorithms for problems like the construction of a convex hull rely on testing whether certain "numerical predicates" have values that are positive, negative, or zero. If an inexact floating-point computation causes a value that is near zero to have a different sign than its exact value, the resulting inconsistencies can propagate through the algorithm causing it to produce output that is far from the correct output, or even to crash.

One method for avoiding this problem involves using integers rather than floating point numbers for all coordinates and other quantities represented by the algorithm, and determining the precision required for all calculations to avoid integer overflow conditions. For instance, two-dimensional convex hulls can be computed using predicates that test the sign of quadratic polynomials, and therefore may require twice as many bits of precision within these calculations as the input numbers. When integer arithmetic cannot be used (for instance, when the result of a calculation is an algebraic number rather than an integer or rational number), a second method is to use symbolic algebra to perform all computations with exactly represented algebraic numbers rather than numerical approximations to them. A third method, sometimes called a "floating point filter", is to compute numerical predicates first using an inexact method based on floating-point arithmetic, but to maintain bounds on how accurate the result is, and repeat the calculation using slower symbolic algebra methods or numerically with additional precision when these bounds do not separate the calculated value from zero.

References 

Computational geometry
Sarah L. Wilson (born October 2, 1959, in New York City) is a former judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims.

She received a Bachelor of Arts, cum laude, in 1981, from Williams College in Massachusetts, where she was a member of Phi Beta Kappa. She received a Master of Philosophy in American Studies from Yale University in 1986, and a Juris Doctor from Columbia Law School in 1990. She was a Harlan Fiske Stone Scholar and member of the Columbia Human Rights Law Review.

From 1990 to 1991, she served as law clerk to Judge Richard Leroy Williams of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia.  She was a trial attorney in the Civil Division of the United States Department of Justice from 1991 to 1994 and  again from 1996 to 1997, in the interim serving as a Judicial Fellow in the Federal Judicial Center from 1994 to 1995. She was Deputy Assistant Attorney General in the Office of Policy Development from 1997 to 1998, and Associate Counsel and Senior Counsel to the President in the Office of the White House Counsel from 1998 to 2001.

On January 19, 2001, President Bill Clinton gave Wilson a recess appointment to a seat on the United States Court of Federal Claims. Wilson entered duty on January 22, 2001, but was not confirmed by the United States Senate, and her nomination to the position was not resubmitted by Clinton's successor, George W. Bush. She was succeeded by Mary Ellen Coster Williams.

Wilson is the daughter of New York lawyer and politician Jerome L. Wilson. She is married to Louis Lappin, with whom she has two daughters, Kate and Elizabeth Lappin.

References

External links 

1959 births
Living people
Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Columbia Law School alumni
Judges of the United States Court of Federal Claims
United States Article I federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton
Recess appointments
Lawyers from New York City
People associated with Covington & Burling
Valentino Rossi is an Italian nine-time Grand Prix world champion - seven of which are in the premier MotoGP class. Rossi raced for Honda's factory team, Yamaha's factory team and Ducati's factory team. Rossi is also the only road racer to have competed in 400 or more Grands Prix. He has ridden with number 46 his entire career, also when being the title defender. Rossi is one of four riders to have won world championship titles in three different categories, after Mike Hailwood, Phil Read and Marc Márquez.

Rossi won the  125cc World Championship, the  250cc World Championship, the  500cc World Championship, and the , , , ,  and  MotoGP World Championships.

His 115 Grand Prix victories are the second highest of all time. His most successful circuit are Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya and TT Circuit Assen where he has won ten times. Rossi's largest margin of victory was at the 2002 Portuguese Grand Prix, and the smallest margin of victory was at the 2001 Australian Grand Prix when he beat Max Biaggi by 0.013 seconds in the race.

Wins
Key:
 No. – Victory number.
 Race – Motorcycle Grand Prix career race start number.
 Grid – Starting position on grid.
 Margin – Margin of victory (min:sec.ms).
  – Rider's Championship winning season.

Number of wins at different Grands Prix

Number of wins at different circuits

See also
 List of Grand Prix motorcycle racing winners
 List of MotoGP rider records

Notes

References 

Valentino Rossi
Grand Prix motorcycle racing riders
Rossi, Valentino
In graph theory, a subfield of mathematics, a well-colored graph is an undirected graph for which greedy coloring uses the same number of colors regardless of the order in which colors are chosen for its vertices. That is, for these graphs, the chromatic number (minimum number of colors) and Grundy number (maximum number of greedily-chosen colors) are equal.

Examples
The well-colored graphs include the complete graphs and odd-length cycle graphs (the graphs that form the exceptional cases to Brooks' theorem) as well as the complete bipartite graphs and complete multipartite graphs.

The simplest example of a graph that is not well-colored is a four-vertex path.
Coloring the vertices in path order uses two colors, the optimum for this graph.
However, coloring the ends of the path first (using the same color for each end) causes the greedy coloring algorithm to use three colors for this graph.
Because there exists a non-optimal vertex ordering, the path is not well-colored.

Complexity
A graph is well-colored if and only if does not have two vertex orderings for which the greedy coloring algorithm produces different numbers of colors. Therefore, recognizing non-well-colored graphs can be performed within the complexity class NP. On the other hand, a graph  has Grundy number  or more if and only if the
graph obtained from  by adding a -vertex clique is well-colored. Therefore, by a reduction from the Grundy number problem,
it is NP-complete to test whether these two orderings exist.
It follows that it is co-NP-complete to test whether a given graph is well-colored.

Related properties
A graph is hereditarily well-colored if every induced subgraph is well-colored. The hereditarily well-colored graphs are exactly the cographs, the graphs that do not have a four-vertex path as an induced subgraph.

References

Graph coloring
Graph families
The Drug Policy Alliance (DPA) is a New York City–based nonprofit organization that seeks to advance policies that “reduce the harms of both drug use and drug prohibition, and to promote the sovereignty of individuals over their minds and bodies”  The organization prioritizes reducing the role of criminalization in drug policy, advocating for the legal regulation of marijuana, and promoting health-centered drug policies. DPA has been led by executive director Kassandra Frederique since September 2020.

Overview
The Drug Policy Alliance was formed when the Drug Policy Foundation and the Lindesmith Center merged in July 2000. Lindesmith Center founder Ethan Nadelmann served as its first Executive Director.

Main issues

Drug war
DPA believes that the War on Drugs in America has failed. They present the argument that the United States has spent billions of dollars on making the country drug-free, but many illicit drugs, such as heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine and many others, are more potent and prevalent than ever before.

Communities affected
DPA believes that the war on drugs does not affect all of the American population the same way, and that some communities are disproportionately affected.

Results 
In 2020, DPA's advocacy and political arm, Drug Policy Action, spearheaded the passage of the Oregon Ballot Measure 110, which made Oregon the first state in the nation to decriminalize drug possession while significantly expanding access to evidence-informed, culturally-responsive treatment, harm reduction and other health services.

See also
Arguments for and against drug prohibition
Decriminalization of marijuana in the United States
Freedom of thought
Harm reduction
Prison reform
War on Drugs

References

External links

Cannabis law reform in the United States
Cannabis law reform organizations based in the United States
Drug policy organizations based in the United States
Drug policy reform
Non-profit organizations based in New York City
Organizations established in 1999
1999 establishments in New York (state)
Charities based in New York City
1999 in cannabis
501(c)(3) organizations
Hypoplectrus nigricans, the black hamlet, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sea bass from the subfamily Serraninae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the groupers and anthias. It is native to shallow parts of the central Western Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea. It grows to about  in total length. It is a simultaneous hermaphrodite, with a breeding strategy known as egg trading. One fish acts as a female and lays a batch of eggs which the other fertilises. The following night, the roles are reversed.

Description
Hypoplectrus nigricans is a small fish growing to a total length of . The morphology and colouring of the fish varies across its range. Fish from Puerto Rico have greyish bodies, translucent pectoral fins, pointed pelvic fins and a caudal fin shaped like a crescent moon. Fish from Mexico and Belize are slightly smaller and have a darker body colour with dark pectoral fins, blunt pelvic fins and a short, square-cut caudal fin.

Distribution and habitat
The species is native to the central West Atlantic Ocean. Its range extends from southeastern Florida and the Bahamas, through the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico to Santa Marta in Colombia and to the islands off the coast of Venezuela. It is a reef fish, inhabiting reefs with both stony corals and soft corals.

Ecology
As a simultaneous hermaphrodite, H. nigricans has an unusual reproductive strategy known as egg trading. The fish is usually solitary, but at breeding time two fish come together at night. Courtship is initiated by one fish which temporarily takes a female role. The other fish acts as the male and fertilises a batch of eggs produced by the first fish.  The following night their roles are reversed, and the second fish lays eggs and the first fish fertilises them. The two fish continue alternating roles in this way over the course of several nights. The pair usually stay together for the series of transfers, but sometimes each finds a different partner.

Status
H. nigricans has a wide range and is a common fish. No particular threats have been identified  and its population seems to be steady, so the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".

References

External links

 

nigricans
Fish of the Atlantic Ocean
Fish of the Dominican Republic
Fish described in 1852
The Alexander Nunataks () are two coastal nunataks at the southern limit of the Windmill Islands, standing on the shore of Penney Bay  east of the base of the Browning Peninsula. They were first mapped from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump and Operation Windmill in 1947 and 1948, and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Photographer's Mate H.N. Alexander, a member of one of the two Operation Windmill photographic units that obtained air and ground photos of the area in January 1948.

References 

Nunataks of Wilkes Land
MV Bigga is a ro-ro passenger ferry operated by the SIC Ferries. She operates as the shift vessel on the Bluemull Sound service.

History

MV Bigga is the last of four similar ferries built for the council in 1980s and 1990s.

MV Bigga is the part-sister ship of MV Geira, being built at the same yard to slightly different specification. However, she is closer in design to MV Hendra, with MV Geira being closer to MV Fivla (II).

Layout
MV Bigga was the first true 3 lane ferry built for the council, however due to sizes of vehicles now, normally only 2 lanes are used on her car deck. Just like other SIC ferries her size, Bigga has a passenger lounge located beneath the car deck.

Service 
Entering service on 19 April 1991 on the Yell Sound route, MV Bigga, alongside MV Hendra, until 2004 when the two new Yell ferries came into service.

She was then transferred to the Bluemull Sound route, joining MV Fivla (II). However, due to a vessel reshuffle, on 3 October 2005 MV Geira (II) joined her instead. These two ferries still operate the Bluemull Sound service today.

MV Bigga has done some relief across the SIC fleet, such as on the Bressay service in 2008.

References

1991 ships
Transport in Shetland
Ferries of Scotland
Unst
Yell, Shetland
Fetlar
Scheller Alexander Miller (June 1, 1885 - January 1925) was an American Democratic politician. He was a member of the Mississippi State Senate from 1916 to 1920.

Biography 
Scheller Alexander Miller was born on June 1, 1885, in Una, Clay County, Mississippi. He was the son of Thomas Wesley Miller and his wife, Jimmie Adrian (Shell) Miller. Miller attended the public schools in his area. He graduated from Mississippi Agricultural & Mechanical College with a B. Sc. degree in 1907. He taught at rural schools for the next three years. He graduated from Cornell University with another degree, and then worked in agriculture. He worked as an agricultural and industrial agent for railroad companies, and then worked for the state of New York in the dairy industry. In November 1915, Miller was elected to represent the 24th District as a Democrat in the Mississippi State Senate for the 1916–1920 term. During his term, Miller fought in World War I. He was a candidate to represent Mississippi's 4th District in the U. S. House of Representatives in 1922. Miller died in January 1925, in a hospital in Memphis, Tennessee.

References 

1885 births
1925 deaths
Democratic Party Mississippi state senators
People from Clay County, Mississippi
Cornell University alumni
Ratta Matta is a town and Union council of Jhang District in the Punjab province of Pakistan located on the Jhang - Lalian road. Ratta and Matta are separate towns. Before the land reforms of Ayub Khan, Syed Waris Shah of the town held proprietorship of 12 villages including: Ratta, Matta, Hashim Wala, Rajay Wala, Khalar Awan, Panjgirain, Shergarh, Langar Awan Kay Jhugay and Pippal Bhutta. The union council contains mustard fields. There are two connected towns named Ratta, Ratta Syedan and Ratta Khokharan.

References

Populated places in Jhang District
Jhang District
Kvetera Church () is a Georgian Orthodox church in a historic fortified town of Kvetera in Kakheti.

Kvetera Church was built in the early part of the 10th century. It is a relatively small church and resembles the Georgian cross-dome  style of architecture. The dome rests on a round tympanum and rises over the central square pace. The Projections end in an apse, which have niches between them. The facade of the church is not designed with many ornaments which is typical for Kakhetian churches. Most of the facade is decorated with symmetrical arches. 

Town of Kvetera used to one of the center of the Principality of Kakheti. According to Vakhushti Bagrationi, Kvetera dates back at least to 8th century AD. It is also mentioned in the written document from the 11th century.

Gallery

See also
 Tsinandali
 Gremi

Notes and references 

Churches in Georgia (country)
Eastern Orthodox church buildings in Georgia (country)
10th-century churches in Georgia (country)
Buildings and structures in Kakheti
World Heritage Tentative List
Płatek is a Polish surname, it may refer to:
 Andrew Platek, basketball player North Carolina Tar Heels and Siena Saints
 Andrzej Płatek (pl 1947–2017), Polish footballer and manager
 Artur Płatek (pl, born 1970), Polish footballer and manager
 Dariusz Płatek (born 1966), Polish ice hockey player
 Felka Platek (1899–1944), Polish artist, Auschwitz concentration camp victim
 Krzysztof Płatek (born 1962), Polish athlete
 Monika Płatek (born 1953), Polish criminologist and politician
 Richard Platek, Kripke–Platek set theory
 Robert Platek, Spezia Calcio owner

Other
 Kripke–Platek set theory
 Kripke–Platek set theory with urelements

Polish-language surnames
Downhill Domination is a racing video game developed by Santa Monica Studio and Incognito Entertainment for the PlayStation 2. It was released in North America by Sony Computer Entertainment in 2003 and in Europe by Codemasters in 2004.

Gameplay
There are three options available at the main menu, single player, multiplayer and an options menu that allows players to modify gameplay elements such as difficulty and view unlocked items achieved during gameplay.

Initially, the player is introduced to six fictional racers displayed at the top of a mountain once single player mode is selected from the main menu of the game. By pressing the select button over an unlocked racer, additional info of the racer will be displayed, and by pressing the select button over a locked character which is represented by a statue, valuable info on how to unlock, the same will be displayed as a specific career to finish. In addition to two other fictional racers, players can also unlock real-life professional racers like Eric Carter, Tara Llanes, Brian Lopes, Richie Schley and Missy Giove when specific tournaments are finished during gameplay.

Combat is also integrated into the game, in which the player can use two buttons to attack other racers, one for a left attack, and the other for the right. These attacks can be upgraded to more powerful attacks by performing tricks, taking out opponents, or collecting power-ups (known in-game as "pickups"). A bike shop with several unlockable items to purchase is available but is only accessible in one player mode. Up to four players can play the game, but when playing with more than two, the available tracks and modes are limited.

Reception

Downhill Domination received "generally favorable reviews" according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. In Japan, where the game was ported for release on May 20, 2004 under the name , Famitsu gave it a score of 30 out of 40.

References

External links
 

2003 video games
Codemasters games
Cycling video games
Incognito Entertainment games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation 2-only games
Racing video games
Vehicular combat games
Santa Monica Studio games
Sony Interactive Entertainment games
Video games developed in the United States
Video games set in Hawaii
Sports video games set in Italy
Sports video games set in Japan
Video games set in Peru
Video games set in Russia
Video games set in Scotland
Video games set in Utah
Pantoea stewartii is a species of plant pathogenic bacteria that causes Stewart's wilt of corn, as well as jackfruit-bronzing disease, bacterial leaf wilt of sugarcane, and leaf blight in rice. P. stewartii is a gram-negative bacterium in the Enterobacterales, a group that also includes Escherichia coli and several other human, animal, and plant pathogens. Most research on this bacterial pathogen to date has been done on strains infecting corn as the other diseases have been identified much more recently. Due to being relatively easy to work with in laboratory research, P. stewartii has been used to study a range of processes in bacterial physiology including quorum sensing, bacterial pigment production, endoglucanase enzymes, and siderophore-mediated iron acquisition.

References 

Bacterial plant pathogens and diseases
Maize diseases
Enterobacterales
Minaveha, or Kukuya, is an Oceanic language of Fergusson Island in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea.

References

Nuclear Papuan Tip languages
Languages of Milne Bay Province
There are several notable people with the name Jackie Clark or Jackie Clarke:

Jackie Clark (born 1963), New Zealand women's cricketer
Jackie Clark (philanthropist) (born 1964), New Zealand women's advocate
Jackie Clarke (born 1966), New Zealand entertainer
Jackie Clarke (footballer) (born 1949), Irish men's footballer

See also
Jacky Clark Chisholm, American gospel singer
Jack Clark (disambiguation)
Jack Clarke (disambiguation)