Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly () was a state-controlled religious administration in the Russian Empire that had jurisdiction over certain aspects of Islamic activity in Siberia, the Volga-Ural region, and parts of Central Asia, including the Kazakh steppe. It was established in 1788 by order of Russian Empress Catherine II.

It was one of several religious bodies created in the Russian Empire, forming state-allied 'clergies' to manage non-Orthodox religions.

History
In 1791, the similar Tauride Muslim Spiritual Authority was created, presiding over Crimean Tatars.

In the 1830s, the Department of Religious Affairs gave support to the Orenburg Assembly in religious disputes with the Hanafi and Sufi schools of thought 

The Kazakhs were removed from the assembly's jurisdiction in the 1860s as part of a policy to decrease the exposure of the Kazakhs to Tartar influence.

According to statistics from 1883, the Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly presided over 4,093 mosques, 7,341 ulema, and 2.14 million Muslims.

Structure
The head position in the assembly was mufti, under whom there were 5 or 6 qazis.

Mufti

The role of the mufti was established in the assembly's founding documents of 1788, however neither his social status or the scope of his powers were made clear. The first mufti, Mukhamedzhan Khusainov, immediately began to push for more power, demanding the same status as the Metropolitan of the Russian Orthodox Church. He met several times with Catherine II in St. Petersburg, and began to see himself as an important political figure in the Volga-Ural region. This worried local Russian administrators, who requested and received permission from Prince Alexander Bezborodko to severely limit Khusainov's influence and keep him under their control. Local authorities then decreed "his [the mufti's] duty is to administer strictly religious matters, and not to touch secular ones, except when the administrations sees fit to use him for these".

According to an 1802 decree the mufti could not make any decisions without the consent of his deputies, however this was rarely followed by Khusainov. The first mufti was constantly dogged with lawsuits and complaints concerning bribery, swindling, and failure to follow salat. Though Emperor Alexander I send a letter supporting Khusainov, and in effect granting him legal immunity, charges over Khusainov's abuse of power continued for the duration of his time as mufti.

See also
 Islam in Russia
 Islam in Central Asia
 Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Central Asia and Kazakhstan
 Muftiate
 List of Islamic Muftiates

Notes

References
 
 
 

History of Central Asia
Religion in Central Asia
Islamic organizations based in Russia
Russian Empire
Religious organizations established in 1788
1788 establishments in the Russian Empire
In knitting, a gather draws stitches closer together within a row of knitting.  Common methods include:

 In binding, a yarn loop is passed over 2 or more stitches in the same row (usually adjacent to the binding loop); also known as a pullover stitch.
 In clustering, the yarn is wound laterally around a set of stitches in the same row, possibly several times; also known as a wrap stitch.
 Smocking is a sewing or embroidery technique in which the tiny pleats are drawn together with thread or yarn.  Before the development of elastic, smocking was used to provide a stretchable, flexible panel of fabric.

Related techniques

In the sewing technique ruching (pronounced ,  also spelled rouching), a large number of increases are introduced in one row, which are then removed by decreases a few rows later.  This produces many small vertical ripples or "ruches" in the fabric, effectively little pleats.  The technique of shirring produces a similar effect by gathering the fabric in two parallel rows (not necessarily horizontal), usually by smocking.

References

Knitting methods for shaping

ru:Рюш
Sidewinder III is a streamliner dragster.

Built by Kent Fuller in 1969, it used a transversly-mounted supercharged 350 Chevy (hence "sidewinder") in a magnesium-tube chassis with a  wheelbase.  It was run by the team of Hopkins, Thornhill, and Finicle in BB/GD (B supercharged gas dragster).

Notes

Sources
 Taylor, Thom. "Beauty Beyond the Twilight Zone" in Hot Rod, April 2017, pp. 30–43.

1960s cars
Drag racing cars
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Tute Ruoshi Zhujiu succeeded his father Jucheer as chanyu of the Xiongnu in 172 AD. In 177 AD, Tute and a contingent of horsemen  took part in an expedition against the Xianbei. They were heavily defeated and only a quarter of their forces returned alive. Tute died in 178 AD and was succeeded by his son Huzheng.

Footnotes

References

Bichurin N.Ya., "Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times", vol. 1, Sankt Petersburg, 1851, reprint Moscow-Leningrad, 1950

Taskin B.S., "Materials on Sünnu history", Science, Moscow, 1968, p. 31 (In Russian)

Chanyus
John E. Gallagher was a Democratic member of the Wisconsin State Assembly during the 1850 session. Gallagher represented Waukesha County, Wisconsin.

References

People from Waukesha County, Wisconsin
19th-century American politicians
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Democratic Party members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
Pethalur  is a village in the Gadag district of Karnataka State in India.

Pethalur irrigation project
Pethalur is famous for the Pethalur Irrigation Project located near to the village.

See also
 Lakkundi
 Dambal
 Hombal
 Harti (Gadag district) 
 Gadag

References

Villages in Gadag district
Patrick Barrie is a British tiddlywinks player. He has won ten World Singles matches, most recently in April 2022, making him () the current World Singles champion. He has won eight World Pairs matches (most recently partnering Harley Jones), but lost the World Pairs title in April 2022 to Larry Kahn and Jon Mapley.

Barrie started playing tiddlywinks in 1984 as an undergraduate at Cambridge University, where he is a senior lecturer in chemical engineering.
He has a long rivalry with American player Larry Kahn, with the Los Angeles Times describing them as "the Nadal and Djokovic of their game". The pair have played 11 World Singles matches, with Barrie winning three, and eight World Pairs matches (with various partners) with four wins apiece.

He has also won the English Tiddlywinks Association (ETwA) Singles (English national championship) ten times and the ETwA Pairs nine times. His tiddlywinks exploits have seen him sponsored by a whisky distillery, with his image appearing on some of their bottles.

References

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
British sportspeople
Academics of the University of Cambridge
Franz Raschid (18 October 1954 – 22 October 2010) was a German professional football player and manager.

Career
Raschid, who played as a left midfielder, spent his entire professional career with Bayer Uerdingen, scoring 51 goals in 364 League appearances. He later became a football manager, taking control of Arminia Bielefeld between 1990 and 1991.

Death
Raschid died on 22 October 2010, aged 56, from pancreatic cancer.

References

1954 births
2010 deaths
German men's footballers
KFC Uerdingen 05 players
German football managers
Arminia Bielefeld managers
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Deaths from cancer in Germany
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
Men's association football midfielders
People from Neuwied
Footballers from Rhineland-Palatinate
The 2010 CIS Men's Final 8 Basketball Tournament was held March 19–21, 2010. It was the last of three consecutive CIS Championships to be held at Scotiabank Place in Ottawa, Ontario and was hosted by the Carleton Ravens. The host Ravens were seeking to win their seventh championship in eight years. The tournament was broadcast on TSN2, which led to controversy over its tape delay of one semi-final and over blocking on-line access to game broadcast.  

The University of Saskatchewan Huskies won their first CIS basketball championship, with a 91-81 victory over the University of British Columbia Thunderbirds. The Huskies defeated the number one ranked Carleton Ravens in the semi-final. It was UBC's second consecutive loss in the championship game, after losing to Carleton in the previous year's final.

Championship Bracket

Consolation Bracket

Note: All records are against CIS competition only.

Game Reports
 Calgary 82-74 Cape Breton
 UBC 79-58 Lakehead
 Saskatchewan 71-68 Windsor
 Carleton 83-72 UQAM
 Cape Breton 87-65 Lakehead
 Windsor 79-74 UQAM
 UBC 77-63 Calgary
 Saskatchewan 86-82 Carleton
Saskatchewan 91-81 UBC

References

External links
 CIS Blog Capsule Preview

2010
2009–10 in Canadian basketball
Sports competitions in Ottawa
The Judicial Council of California is the rule-making arm of the California court system. In accordance with the California Constitution and under the leadership of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of California, the council is responsible for "ensuring the consistent, independent, impartial, and accessible administration of justice." It was created by an amendment to article VI of the California Constitution in 1926.

Rules 
The California Rules of Court are rules adopted by the Judicial Council. Every court may also make local rules for its own government and the government of its officers not inconsistent with law or with the rules adopted and prescribed by the Judicial Council.

California law encourages the Judicial Council to provide for uniformity in rules and procedures throughout all courts on the form of papers, limitations on the filing of papers, rules relating to law and motion, and requirements concerning documents to be filed at or prior to trial. One of the Judicial Council's most well-known functions is promulgating a huge number of standard court forms for use in California judicial proceedings, such as Form TR-130, the standard "Notice to Appear" form used by practically all California law enforcement agencies to write traffic citations.

Composition 
The Judicial Council is composed of 21 voting members:

 The Chief Justice
 14 judicial officers appointed by the Chief Justice (1 associate justice of the Supreme Court, 3 justices of the Courts of Appeal, 10 trial court judges)
 4 attorney members appointed by the State Bar Board of Trustees
 1 member from each house of the Legislature

The California Constitution requires that the council also have two non-voting members who are court administrators. The Administrative Director is a non-voting member who serves as Secretary, and the Chief Justice can also appoint further advisory (non-voting) members.

Staff 
The Judicial Council's staff of approximately 800 is responsible for implementing council policies and supporting the day-to-day operations of the Supreme Court, the courts of appeal, and the superior courts. The staff maintains a headquarters office in San Francisco where the Judicial Council regularly meets, as well as a branch in Sacramento.  The staff has also created a centralized datacenter for the court system, the California Court Technology Center, which is operated under contract by Siemens IT Solutions and Services in Newark.

See also 
 California Court Case Management System
 Judiciary of California
 Judicial Conference of the United States
 Council of the judiciary (for similar bodies in other jurisdictions)

References

External links 
 Official website



California law
California state courts
Courts and tribunals established in 1926
1926 establishments in California
Court administration
Robin White is a former professional tennis player from the United States.

White played on the WTA Tour from 1983 to 1995. She won two singles titles: in Hershey, Pennsylvania, in 1985 and in Auckland in 1992. The highlight of her career was her victory with Gigi Fernández in the US Open women's doubles in 1988. She won 11 other doubles titles, including the US Open mixed doubles in 1989 with Shelby Cannon. She was a finalist in the Australian Open mixed doubles in 1991 and reached the final of the women's doubles in 1994 with Katerina Maleeva.

White's singles record includes wins over Pam Shriver, Hana Mandlíková and Gabriela Sabatini. Her highest rankings were world No. 15 for singles and No. 8 for doubles. She currently is a full-time national coach for women's tennis for the USTA.

Grand Slam finals

Doubles: 2 (1 title, 1 runner-up)

Mixed doubles: 2 (1 title, 1 runner-up)

References

External links
 
 

Living people
American female tennis players
US Open (tennis) champions
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in women's doubles
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in mixed doubles
Tennis people from California
21st-century American women
Year of birth missing (living people)
George Nicolls (1884 – 11 May 1942) was an Irish politician and solicitor. In the lead-up to the 1916 Easter Rising, a rebel plan for Galway town was prepared at Nicolls' home at 2 University Road. He was arrested in Galway on Easter Tuesday before the local Irish Volunteers could be mobilised. He spent most of the period from 1916 to 1921 in prison in England. 

He was first elected unopposed at the 1921 elections for the Galway constituency as a Sinn Féin Teachta Dála (TD) to the 2nd Dáil while still imprisoned. In January 1922, he was appointed Assistant Minister for Home Affairs in the Government of the 2nd Dáil.

Following the Anglo-Irish Treaty, he sided with Michael Collins and voted in favour of it. He was re-elected at the 1922 general election as a pro-Treaty Sinn Féin TD. At the 1923 general election, he was re-elected as a Cumann na nGaedheal TD. In the 4th Dáil, he was appointed as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Defence and served from January 1925 to May 1927. He did not stand at the June 1927 general election.

Nicolls was married in Dublin in December 1914 to Margaret MacHugh.

References

Intelligence files

External links

1884 births
1942 deaths
Early Sinn Féin TDs
Cumann na nGaedheal TDs
Members of the 2nd Dáil
Members of the 3rd Dáil
Members of the 4th Dáil
Politicians from County Galway
Irish solicitors
Parliamentary Secretaries of the 4th Dáil
People of the Irish Civil War (Pro-Treaty side)
Lawyers from County Galway
20th-century Irish lawyers
The Ghaṭafān () were an Arab tribal confederation originally based northeast of Medina. The main branches of the Ghatafan were the tribes of Banu Abs, Banu Dhubyan and Ashja'. They were one of the Arab tribes that interacted with Muhammad. They are notable for allying themselves with the Quraysh in the Battle of the Trench.

Origins and branches
The Ghatafan were a Bedouin tribal grouping that inhabited the Wadi al-Rumma area of Najd between the Hejaz mountains and Jabal Shammar. According to Arab genealogical tradition, the progenitor of the tribe was Ghaṭafān ibn Saʾd ibn Qays ʿAylān, making it a part of the larger Qays tribe. The etymology or meaning of Ghatafan is not known.

The main branches of the Ghatafan were the following:
The Banu Ashja, who inhabited the westernmost area of the Ghatafan's tribal territory.
The Banu Dhubyan, who were descendants of Dhubyān ibn Baghīd ibn Rayth ibn Ghaṭafān. They inhabited the area east of the Banu Ashja and included the major subtribes of the Banu Murra, the Banu Fazara and the Tha’laba.
The Banu Abs, descendants of ʿAbs ibn Baghīd ibn Rayth ibn Ghaṭafān, inhabited the area east of the Banu Dhubyan.
The Anmar, who inhabited the Qassim region of Najd.

Conflict with Muhammad

They were involved in several military conflicts with Muhammad. The first was the Invasion of Dhi Amr occurred directly after the Invasion of Sawiq in the year 3 A.H of the Islamic calendar, September 624. The expedition was ordered by Muhammad after he received intelligence that the Banu Muharib and Banu Talabah tribes, were planning to raid the outskirts of Medina. Therefore, Muhammad launched a preemptive strike with 450 men.

Another conflict they were involved in was the Expedition of Dhat al-Riqa where Muhammad ordered an attack on the tribe because he received news that they were assembling at Dhat al-Riqa with a suspicious purpose.

This was followed by the Invasion of Dumatul Jandal. Muhammad ordered his men to invade Duma, because Muhammad received intelligence that some tribes there were involved in highway robbery and preparing to attack Medina itself This happened in July 626.

Then Expedition of Abu Qatadah ibn Rab'i al-Ansari (Khadirah) in November or Dec 629 the Expedition of Abu Qatadah ibn Rab'i al-Ansari (Khadirah)  took place. With the goal of attacking the Ghatafan tribe because he heard that they were amassing troops and were still outside the "domain of Islam"

List
Nuaym ibn Masud
 Banu Abs
 Bani Rasheed
 Rashaida people
 Mutayr

See also
List of expeditions of Muhammad

References

Bibliography

 
Tribes of Arabia
Tribes of Saudi Arabia
Muhammad in Medina
The following table shows the linguistic composition of each Hungarian county according to the Hungarian Census of 1910

This article is a list of census data of counties in the Kingdom of Hungary during the time period between 1715 and 1910.
The list contains only 39 counties of the total 72 counties of pre Trianon Hungary.

Census data of Hungary (proper)

(The data doesn't include the population of the counties of present-day Hungary)

Abaúj-Torna
1910 census (population by language)

Alsó-Fehér
1910 census (population by language)

Arad
1910 census (population by language)

Árva
1910 census (population by language)

Bács-Bodrog
1715 census

1720 census

1820 census

1910 census (population by language)

Baranya
1910 census (population by language)

Bars
1910 census (population by language)

Beszterce-Naszód
1910 census (population by language)

Fogaras
1910 census (population by language)

Hunyad
1910 census (population by language)

Kis-Küküllő
1910 census (population by language)

Kolozs
1910 census (population by language)

Krassó-Szörény
1910 census (population by language)

Liptó
1910 census (population by language)

Máramaros
1910 census (population by language)

Moson
1910 census (population by language)

Nagy-Küküllő
1910 census (population by language)

Nyitra
1910 census (population by language)

Pozsony
1910 census (population by language)

Sáros
1910 census (population by language)

Szeben
1910 census (population by language)

Szepes
1869 census

1900 census

1910 census

Szilágy
1910 census (population by language)

Szolnok-Doboka
1910 census (population by language)

Temes
1910 census (population by language)

Torda-Aranyos
1910 census (population by language)

Torontál
1910 census (population by language)

Trencsén
1910 census (population by language)

Turóc
1910 census (population by language)

Ung
1910 census (population by language)

Zólyom
1910 census (population by language)

Croatia-Slavonia

Bjelovar-Križevci
1910 census (population by language)

Lika-Krbava
1910 census (population by language)

Modruš-Rijeka
1910 census (population by language)

Požega
1910 census (population by language)

Syrmia
1910 census (population by language)

Varaždin
1910 census (population by language)

Virovitica
1910 census (population by language)

Zagreb
1910 census (population by language)

See also
Demographics of Hungary
Demographic history of Syrmia

References

Sources
Révai Nagy Lexikona Encyclopedia of Révai (1911)

External links
1910 Maps of the counties 
1910 Maps of Counties of the Hungarian Kingdom (1913) from Talmamedia.com

 
Geography of the Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary
Samuel Fleming (29 September 1891 – 15 August 1951) was a Scottish footballer who played as an inside right, primarily for Hibernian where he played regularly six seasons from 1911 and 1917; he took part in the 1914 Scottish Cup Final which Hibs lost to Celtic after a replay.

After a year of being registered with Hibernian but without playing for them (the absence possibly relating to World War I commitments) he signed St Mirren, but only stayed there for a matter of weeks, making one Scottish Football League appearance before moving on to Clyde. He remained at Shawfield for four years and was part of a team defeated in a final by Celtic for a second time, this time in the Glasgow Cup of 1920. Fleming signed for Albion Rovers in 1922, and after seemingly having retired two years later, he made another single appearance for a Renfrewshire-based club, this time third-tier Johnstone, in 1926.

References

1891 births
1951 deaths
Footballers from Glasgow
Scottish men's footballers
Scottish Football League players
Hibernian F.C. players
Vale of Clyde F.C. players
Scottish Junior Football Association players
Clyde F.C. players
St Mirren F.C. players
Albion Rovers F.C. players
Johnstone F.C. players
Men's association football inside forwards
Yves Bur (born 10 March 1951 in Strasbourg) is a former member of the National Assembly of France.   He has been elected in the 4th constituency of the Bas-Rhin department and is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.

References

1951 births
Living people
Politicians from Strasbourg
Centre of Social Democrats politicians
Union for French Democracy politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Volunthai: Volunteers for Thailand, founded in 2000, was one of the first international volunteer organizations to take advantage of the internet to bring volunteers to home stay in rural Southeast Asia. The project brings young volunteers to rural schools in Thailand to teach English for a month or longer. Unlike many volunteer projects that charge high fees to join, Volunthai has remained a true non-profit organization and keeps costs as low as possible. Around 100 people join Volunthai each year, mainly from America, Canada, and England. Articles about Volunthai have appeared in The Washington Post, The Nation, and the Bangkok Post.

External links
Volunthai's website

References 

Non-profit organizations based in Thailand
Marcel Wehr is a German footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for TSV Großbardorf.

References

References 
 

Living people
1990 births
Men's association football goalkeepers
German men's footballers
VfR Aalen players
SpVgg Neckarelz players
Regionalliga players
3. Liga players
Pine Tree Point is an Adirondack Great Camp on Upper St. Regis Lake.

History
Pine Tree Point was the camp of Frederick William Vanderbilt, a director of the New York Central Railroad for 61 years. Vanderbilt maintained residences in New York City at 450 Fifth Avenue, Hyde Park ("Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site"), Newport ("Rough Point"), and Bar Harbor ("Sonogee").

Vanderbilt hired Japanese artisans from the Pan-American Exposition of 1901, held in Buffalo to construct Japanese-style buildings, remodel existing buildings, including a pagoda with an elaborate spiral staircase, and a Japanese cottage.  Servants were required to wear Japanese clothing while waiting on guests; some of the servants were mortified.

In the early 1900s, Herbert L. Pratt purchased Pine Tree Point from Vanderbilt.  Pratt was the son of Standard oil industrialist Charles Pratt, and like his father before him, was a leading figure in the U.S. oil industry and head of Standard Oil Company of New York from 1923. This company eventually became Mobil.

Gallery

References

External links

ST. REGIS BY CANOE AND KAYAK

Adirondack Great Camps
Geography of New York (state)
Buildings and structures in Franklin County, New York
Vanderbilt family residences
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|day = 16
|year = 2023
|time = 16:06
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REDIRECT Abdullah II of Jordan

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