Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The AN/APG-65 and AN/APG-73 are designations for a family of all-weather multimode airborne radar systems designed by Hughes Aircraft (now Raytheon) for the F/A-18 Hornet, and used on a variety of fighter aircraft types. The APG-79 is an upgraded AESA version.

These I band (8 to 12 GHz) pulse-Doppler radar systems are designed for both air-to-air and air-to-surface missions. For air-to-air operations they incorporate a variety of search, track and track-while-scan modes to give the pilot a complete look-down/shoot-down capability. Air-to-surface modes include Doppler beam sharpened sector and patch mapping, medium range synthetic aperture radar, fixed and moving ground target track and sea surface search. In the F/A-18, the radar is installed in a slide-out nose rack to facilitate maintenance.

AN/APG-65 

The APG-65 was developed in the late 1970s and has been operational since 1983. The radar includes a velocity search (to provide maximum detection range capability against nose aspect targets), range-while-search (to detect all-aspect targets), track-while-scan (which, when combined with an autonomous missile such as AIM-120, gives the aircraft a fire-and-forget capability), single target track, gun director and raid assessment (which enables the operator to expand the region centred on a single tracked target, permitting radar separation of closely spaced targets) operating modes.

Although no longer in production, the APG-65 remains in service in F/A-18 Hornet strike fighters of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps, and the air forces of Canada, Kuwait, and Spain. It has also been adapted to upgrade the German and Greek F-4 Phantom aircraft, and the AV-8B Harrier II Plus for the U.S. Marine Corps and the Spanish and Italian Navies.

AN/APG-73 
The APG-73 is a late 1980s "upgrade of the APG-65 that provides higher throughputs, greater memory capacity, improved reliability, and easier maintenance". To reduce production costs, many of the upgraded radar's modules are common with the APG-70 (F-15E Strike Eagle) radar; its software engineers chose the JOVIAL programming language so that they could borrow and adapt existing software written for the APG-70. When fitted with a motion-sensing subsystem and stretch waveform generator and special test equipment, the APG-73 can generate high resolution ground maps and make use of 'advanced' image correlation algorithms to enhance weapon designation accuracy.

Since 1992 the APG-73 has been operational in U.S. Navy and Marine Corps F/A-18C and D aircraft; early models of the U.S. Navy F/A-18E/F Super Hornet; and in the air forces of Finland, Switzerland, Malaysia, Canada, and Australia. A total of 932 APG-73 systems were delivered, with the final delivery in 2006.

References 

Aircraft radars
Hughes Aircraft Company
Raytheon Company products
Military radars of the United States
Synthetic aperture radar
Military equipment introduced in the 1980s
Dominik Hofmann (born September 27, 1986) is an American entrepreneur and programmer. He is best known for being one of the co-founders of Vine as well as being the creator of Peach, Byte and Loot.

Career

Vine 

In June 2012, Hofmann co-founded Vine, which was a 6-second video service with Rus Yusupov and Colin Kroll. Twitter acquired the app in 2012 for $30 million and the app was shut down by Twitter in 2016. During the shutdown process, Hofmann went public with his disagreement on how Vine was handled.

Peach 

In January 2016, Hofmann introduced Peach at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. The app received major media attention until Hofmann began to focus less on the app and more on other projects.

Byte 

Byte (formerly dubbed v2) is a 16-second looping video app. The app's purpose is to be the successor app to Vine after its original shutdown. Hofmann was public with his disagreement on how Vine was handled. He has stated the project will be "personally funded" and was released for iOS and Android on January 24, 2020.

Personal life 
Hofmann was born in 1986. He has a younger brother and met Rus Yusupov and Colin Kroll while working at Jetsetter.

References

External links 
 

Living people
1986 births
21st-century American businesspeople
Businesspeople from New York (state)
American Internet celebrities
Corinth is an unincorporated community in Oconee County, South Carolina, United States, located  east-northeast of Seneca.

Notes

Unincorporated communities in Oconee County, South Carolina
Unincorporated communities in South Carolina
Hypogymnia tenuispora is a rare species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in China's Yunnan province, it is characterised by its uniquely narrow  and crowded , which help distinguish it from other similar Hypogymnia species.

Taxonomy

Hypogymnia tenuispora was first described by lichenologists Bruce McCune and Li-Song Wang as a new species in 2014. The species epithet tenuispora is derived from the Latin words for thin and spore, indicating that the  of this lichen are proportionately narrower than those of all other Hypogymnia species. The type specimen (holotype) was collected in September 2000 from a high plateau in Yunnan's Luquan County, specifically on Jiaozixue Mountain, north of Kunming.

Description

The thallus, or vegetative body, of Hypogymnia tenuispora is  and can grow up to  broad. It is made up of short, crowded  with a matte, brownish-tinged upper surface. The lobes have a height to width ratio ranging from 0.5:1 to 3:1 and often feature perforations at the tips and axils. The medulla, or inner tissue, is hollow, with the cavity ceiling being brownish to white and the floor being dark. This species lacks soredia and isidia, while  are rare.

Apothecia, or fruiting bodies, are common in this lichen and can grow up to 6–11 mm. The ascospores are narrowly elliptical, measuring 10.8–11.8 by 4.1–5.4 μm, and have a length to width ratio of about 2:1. This feature sets Hypogymnia tenuispora apart from other Hypogymnia species, which typically have spores shorter than 10 μm and a length to width ratio of 1.0:1 to 1.5:1.

Similar species

While Hypogymnia tenuispora shares some morphological characteristics with Hypogymnia bulbosa and Hypogymnia congesta, its spores are longer and narrower, and its lobe perforations are not typically rimmed. The other Hypogymnia species with spores longer than 10 μm, Hypogymnia macrospora and Hypogymnia pendula, have spores that are longer (12–17 μm), wider (9–14 μm), and feature a length to width ratio of typically 1.3:1. In the absence of spores, these species can be differentiated by examining the  of an apothecial section, which is  (i.e., light in polarized light, indicating the presence of crystals) in Hypogymnia macrospora, while POL− (dark in polarized light) in Hypogymnia tenuispora and Hypogymnia pendula.

Habitat and distribution

Hypogymnia tenuispora is known to grow on the bark of hardwood trees, such as Sorbus and Rhododendron. So far, this lichen has only been found in Yunnan province, where it is considered rare. Only two collections had been made at the time of publication, each showing considerable differences in outward appearance. The holotype specimen features darker thalli wrapped around twigs, while a second collection has larger, paler thalli that are appressed but not tightly wrapped around twigs.

References

tenuispora
Lichen species
Lichens described in 2014
Lichens of China
Taxa named by Bruce McCune
Tuomastornit is an observation tower located in Padasjoki, Finland. The observation is about 14 meters tall and it was completed in 2013. The tower is built mainly of glued laminated timber which ensures it can endure large number of visitors.

The observation tower has two parts: lower Pikku-Tuomas (little Tuomas) and taller Iso-Tuomas (Big Tuomas). Tuomas is a male given name common in Finland. It is the Finnish version of the name Thomas.

External links
 Tuomastornit observation tower, Tripadvisor

References

Towers completed in 2013
Buildings and structures in Päijät-Häme
Observation towers in Finland
Tourist attractions in Päijät-Häme
Aram Nagar is a neighborhood in Andheri, a suburb of Mumbai in India. It spans 20 acres and is located adjacent to Versova, in Andheri West of Mumbai. 

There are numerous casting agencies, offices of major production houses, and advertising agencies in Aram Nagar. It is referred to as the 'Silicon Valley' for India's media and entertainment industry. The rentals in Aram Nagar are known for their affordability, and the available spaces offer flexible lease terms, making it particularly suitable for independent filmmakers operating on limited budgets.

History 
During the World War II, this area housed a barrack of the British Indian Army. The Aram Nagar colony was utilized by the British as a training center for anti-submarine operations. In 1947, the government transformed it into a transit camp to accommodate migrating populations. It provided refuge to people who had returned from Pakistan during the partition.

Until the year 2000, it remained a typical residential area. After the year 2000, many offices related to films opened here transforming the area into a hub for aspiring individuals in the entertainment or film industry. Over the past two decades, Aram Nagar has gained recognition as a gateway to Bollywood. Independent filmmakers like Ram Gopal Varma, Sudhir Mishra, Anurag Kashyap, and Tigmanshu Dhulia established their careers from Aram Nagar.

In 2016, it was reported that the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) undertook the demolition of more than 75 unauthorized structures within the Aram Nagar area.

Demography 
The area is divided into two parts, Phase-1 and Phase-2, and comprises approximately 900 houses. Around 3,000 individuals striving to establish themselves in the entertainment industry reside here. Aram Nagar is a diverse community, with residents from 10 to 12 different states across India.

References 

Suburbs of Mumbai
Neighbourhoods in Mumbai
Neighbourhoods in Maharashtra
The South West Africa Company Limited (German: Südwestafrikanische Gesellschaft) was a majority British owned and controlled company established under English law on August 18, 1892, in German South West Africa, the present day Namibia. The company was headquartered in London and had a representative office in Berlin.

History
South West Africa was the most important settlement colony in the then German Empire. Despite this, during the early 1890s, the German Colonial Society for Southwest Africa struggled to secure support from German investors, who showed little interest in the development of the region. As a result, a Hamburg-based syndicate formed the South West Africa Company as a joint venture between British and German shareholders. Its statutes required the Board to have at least three German members. In practice the majority of members were German.  Based on a decision made on 2 March 1900, the company had to submit to the supervision of the German Reichskanzler.

On 3 August 1892, the company acquired the Damaraland concession, which included 13,000 square kilometres of land and a monopoly over mining in the region. In return, the company undertook the building of a railway from Swakopmund to the mines at Otavi. The company's agents undertook several expeditions to investigate its newly acquired territories, determine their economic value, and consider the route of the projected railway line.

After the Rinderpest epidemic of 1897, the Company surrendered its monopoly over railway construction in the region. It had acquired a substantial stake in other businesses operating there: the Hanseatic Agriculture, Mining and Trading Company; the Kaokoland and Mining Company; the Damara and Namaqua Trading Company; and the Otavi Mining and Railway Company.

After World War I, Germany lost its colonies, including South West Africa but the South West Africa Company continued to trade.

References

External links
 South West Africa Company Limited at Deutsches Koloniallexikon [German Colonial Encyclopedia]

German South West Africa
Companies established in 1892
1892 establishments in German South West Africa
Parade II -Respective Tracks of Buck-Tick- is the second tribute album to Japanese rock band Buck-Tick, released on July 4, 2012. The album reached number 14 on Billboard Japan Top Albums and number 16 on the Oricon chart.

Produced in celebration of the band's 25 anniversary, it collects cover versions of their songs by various artists. The cover art was created by Hiroshi Ueda, illustrator of the manga Full Metal Panic! Σ and Tiger & Bunny: The Comic.

The first tribute album, Parade -Respective Tracks of Buck-Tick-, was released on December 21, 2005. Like the first album, the second was also supported with a festival that included the artists featured on the album; held on September 22–23, 2012. A home video of the two-day event was released on February 20, 2013.

Track listing

References

External links
 Official Facebook page for the album

Buck-Tick albums
Tribute albums
2012 compilation albums
Indi Home () is a skyscraper located in the Tsuen Wan district of the New Territories in Hong Kong. The tower rises 56 floors and  in height. The building was completed in 2005. It was developed by Chinese Estates Groups under the name of its subsidiary Kwong Sang Hong Limited. IndiHome, which stands as the joint 45th-tallest building in Hong Kong, is composed almost entirely of residential units, of which there are 950; the lower floors also have retailing space. The structure has a total floor area of .

Politics
Indi Home is located in Tsuen Wan South constituency of the Tsuen Wan District Council. It is currently represented by Antonio Luk Ling-chung, who was elected in the 2019 elections.

See also
List of tallest buildings in Hong Kong

References

Buildings and structures completed in 2005
Residential skyscrapers in Hong Kong
The Pépinières Arboretum Adeline (18 hectares) is a commercial nursery with arboretum located at 33 rue du Pont de la Batte, La Chapelle-Montlinard, Cher, Centre-Val de Loire, France. It is open weekdays without charge.

The nursery's arboretum has been recognized by the national collection of the Conservatoire des Collections Végétales Spécialisées (CCVS) for its collections of Ginkgo biloba (28 varieties) and Liquidambar (26 varieties). It also contains oaks (144 varieties), maples (110 varieties), Japanese maples (50 varieties), viburnums (50 varieties), magnolias (35 varieties), hawthorns (30 varieties), and lilacs (30 varieties), as well as Metasequoia, Picea, Sequoia, and Taxodium specimens.

See also 
 List of botanical gardens in France

References 
 Pépinières Arboretum Adeline
 Parcs et Jardins description (French)
 Gralon.net description (French)

Gardens in Cher (department)
Adeline
John Wesley Fitzgerald (born September 26, 1990) is an American politician currently serving his first term in the Michigan State House of Representatives for the 83rd District. Fitzgerald won his race on November 8, 2022, against Lisa DeKryger. Fitzgerald lives in the Wyoming, Michigan with his wife and daughter.

Early life, education, and career 
Fitzgerald grew up in Grand Ledge, Michigan. He graduated from Grand Ledge High School. Fitzgerald's mother is an ordained minister and his father, Frank Fitzgerald was an attorney and Michigan State Representative, serving from 1987 to 1998.

Fitzgerald graduated from Michigan State University with a degree in history.

Fitzgerald worked as an account executive in the insurance industry before being elected to the Michigan House of Representatives in 2022.

Political career

City Council 
Fitzgerald served on the Wyoming City Council between 2021 and 2022 as the member-at-large. He was elected in 2020 and won with 55.12% of the vote.

Michigan Legislature 
Fitzgerald serves in the Michigan State House of Representatives for the 83rd District, which includes portions of Wyoming, Grand Rapids, and Byron Township. He was elected in 2022 with 52.62% of the vote against Lisa DeKryger who received 44.53% of the vote.

References

External links 
 Rep. John Fitzgerald, Michigan House Democrats website
 John Fitzgerald for State Representative

Members of the Michigan House of Representatives
Michigan city council members
People from Wyoming, Michigan
Michigan State University alumni
1990 births
Living people
21st-century American politicians
Kostadin Georgiev (; born 24 March 1986, in Burgas) is a Bulgarian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper.

Career
On 30 January 2014, Georgiev signed with Neftochimic Burgas as a free agent.

References

1986 births
Living people
Bulgarian men's footballers
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
FC Chernomorets Burgas players
OFC Belasitsa Petrich players
PFC Akademik Sofia players
FC Spartak Varna players
PFC Neftochimic Burgas (2009–2014) players
Rayo Vallecano B players

Men's association football goalkeepers
Footballers from Burgas
Onwentsia Club is an 18-hole golf course in the central United States, located in Lake Forest, Illinois, a suburb north of Chicago.

Course history
In Lake County, the par-71 course is  from the back tees; it has a course rating of 72.8 with a slope rating of 134, on Chicago (bent) grass.  Charles B. Macdonald designed the first nine holes in 1895; the second nine was designed in 1898 by Herbert J. Tweedie, James Foulis and Robert Foulis. The course was subsequently redesigned by Tom Doak.

In 1906, the club secured the services of the great Willie Anderson who had been pro at The Apawamis Club. Anderson remains the only golfer to win 3 consecutive US Opens.

1906 U.S. Open
Onwentsia Club hosted the U.S. Open  in 1906, won by Alex Smith.

Tom Doak redesign
The club has panoramic views of the property at almost all points, and the Doak redesign keeps the integrity of some holes intact. The fescue and multi-tiered putting surfaces compensate for length on this gem. The name "Onwentsia” meant a meeting place - in the country - of sporting braves and squaws.

References

External links

Golf clubs and courses in Illinois
Golf clubs and courses designed by Charles B. Macdonald
Buildings and structures in Lake County, Illinois
Lake Forest, Illinois
The Port of Tanjung Api-Api is a seaport in Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Completed in 2007, it began passenger ferry operations to Muntok in 2013, and cargo operations in 2019.

History
Historically, the city of Palembang served as the primary seaport for southern Sumatra, the Musi River being wide enough to accommodate oceangoing vessels. However, due to limited ship weights caused by sandbanks in the river, plans had been made to develop a replacement port at Tanjung Api-Api since the 1930s during the Dutch East Indies era. After the provincial government of South Sumatra also proposed the development of a port at Tanjung Api-Api in 2002, construction began in 2004 and was completed in 2007. In 2009 Syahrial Oesman, the governor during the construction period, was convicted of bribery related to the port's construction. He was found to have bribed several national legislators to ease the land acquisition process for the port.

It was designed primarily as a passenger port to Bangka Island to replace the existing ferry services in Palembang, with further plans to develop an industrial estate with railway connections. The port began passenger operations in late 2013. The port and 2,000 hectares of surrounding land was designated as a special economic zone in 2014. However, due to difficulties in land acquisition, the special status was revoked in 2022. It began cargo operations in 2019.

Services
Tanjung Api-Api is primarily served by roll-on/roll-off ferries to the Port of Tanjung Kalian in Muntok, Bangka Belitung Islands.  Ferry services utilize a single pier, although a second pier is expected to become operational in late 2022. In the sixteen day period around the Eid al-Fitr of 2022 alone, over 60,000 passengers crossed to Tanjung Api-Api from Muntok.

References

Tanjung Api-Api 
Transport in South Sumatra
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences awards the John A. Bonner Medal of Commendation upon the recommendation of its Scientific and Technical Awards Committee. The medal is awarded with a citation reading "in appreciation for outstanding service and dedication in upholding the high standards of the Academy." The inaugural Medal of Commendation was given at the 50th Academy Awards in April 1978, and is given irregularly.

Naming
The medal was originally called the Medal of Commendation but was named in 1997 for the American sound engineer John A. Bonner who served for several years as the governor of the academy's Sound Branch; and as chair of its Scientific and Technical Awards Committee and its Theater Sound Inspection Committee. Bonner had also been the director of special projects at Warner-Hollywood Studios. The president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Arthur Hiller said that no person "...better represents the concept of service and dedication to the Academy" than Bonner and that he was "...dedicated to the Academy for more than 30 years. His devotion to the Academy's Samuel Goldwyn Theater was legendary and his commitment to the Academy was simply extraordinary."

Recipients
1977 (50th) – Gordon E. Sawyer and Sidney Paul Solow
1978 (51st) – John O. Aalberg, Linwood G. Dunn, Loren L. Ryder and Waldon O. Watson
1979 (52nd) – Charles G. Clarke and John G. Frayne
1980 (53rd) – Fred Hynes
1985 (58th) – John H. Whitney, Sr.
1986 (59th) – E. M. (Al) Lewis
1990 (63rd) – Roderick T. Ryan, Don Trumbull and Geoffrey H. Williamson
1991 (64th) – Richard J. Stumpf and Joseph Westheimer
1992 (65th) – Petro Vlahos
1994 (67th) – John A. Bonner
1996 (69th) – Volker Bahnemann and Burton "Bud" Stone
1997 (70th) – Pete Clark
1998 (71st) – David W. Gray
1999 (72nd) – Edmund M. DiGiulio and Takuo Miyagishima
2000 (73rd) – N. Paul Kenworthy, Jr.
2001 (74th) – Ray Feeney
2002 (75th) – Curt Behlmer and Richard Glickman
2003 (76th) – Douglass Greenfield
2005 (78th) – Don Hall
2006 (79th) – Richard Edlund
2007 (80th) – David Inglish
2008 (81st) – Mark Kimball
2010 (83rd) – Denny Clairmont
2011 (84th) – Jonathan Erland
2012 (85th) – Bill Taylor
2013 (86th) – Charles "Tad" Marburg
2018 (91st) – Curtis Clark

See also
 :Category:Recipients of the John A. Bonner Medal of Commendation

References

External links

Sci-Tech Awards - Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences

1977 establishments in California
Honorary Academy Awards
Audio engineering
Awards established in 1977
Madonna is the second Korean extended play (EP) by South Korean girl group Secret. It was released on August 12, 2010 through TS Entertainment, and contains five tracks. The EP debuted at No. 5 on the Gaon Album Chart, while the album's lead single "Madonna" debuted at No. 1 on the Gaon Singles Chart and sold over 1,839,869 digital copies in South Korea throughout 2010. Kang Jiwon and Kim Kibum, the composers who wrote "Madonna" highlighted that the inspiration behind the song is about living with confidence by becoming an icon in this generation, like the American singer Madonna.

Promotion 
"Madonna" was first used as a promotional track from the album. On August 5, 2010, a teaser video was released online. In the teaser, the girls were performing the album track "Empty Space". The final music video premiered on August 12, 2010 along with Madonnas release. Secret had their debut performances of "Madonna" on Mnet's M! Countdown, KBS's Music Bank, MBC's Show! Music Core and SBS's Inkigayo from August 12 to August 15.

Track listing

Charts

Album chart

Sales

Release history

Credits and personnel 
These credits were adapted from the Madonna (EP) liner notes.

Kim Tae-sung – executive producer co-producing
Song Jieun - vocals
Han Sunhwa - vocals
Jun Hyoseong - vocals
Jung Hana - vocals, rap
Kang Jiwon - co-producing, songwriting, arranger, music
Kim Kibum - co-producing, songwriting,  music

References

External links
 
 

2010 EPs
Secret (South Korean group) EPs
Korean-language EPs
Kakao M EPs
TS Entertainment EPs
Cultural depictions of Madonna