Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Fallah Varney was a Liberian soldier and one of the leaders of the People's Redemption Council, the military junta that ruled the country after a 1980 coup d'état.  Born on 7 April 1957 at Korniadu in Lofa County, Varney attended schools run by the Firestone plantation.  After finishing high school at the Charlotte Tolbert Memorial Academy in 1972, he enlisted in the Armed Forces of Liberia in 1974.  He was promoted from private to private first class in 1975 and to corporal in 1979.

In the wake of the 12 April coup, he took the rank of lieutenant colonel and became the secretary general of the People's Redemption Council, as well as chairing the PRC's commerce and transportation committee.  Varney held office for less than a year: on 27 January 1981, he was driving a car on the highway between Monrovia and Paynesville when his vehicle was involved in a head-on collision.  The inmates of nearby houses rushed to the vehicles, but he was dead by the time the first person reached his car.  Two days later, his body was transferred from a funeral home to the Capitol Rotunda, where he lay in state for another two days.  On 1 February, his body was flown back to Lofa County: a funeral was held at the Voinjama airfield, after which it was returned to Korniadu for burial.  Doe chose Abraham Kollie, the PRC deputy speaker, to succeed Varney as secretary general.

A member of the Episcopal Church of Liberia, Varney was married with two daughters.  He was a grandson of a chieftain of the Kissi people and saw his participation in the PRC as an attempt to fight for the freedom of his ethnic group.  Varney was buried in the Kolahun District, near his hometown of Korniadu.  In 1983, Liberia issued a set of seven postage stamps celebrating the third anniversary of the coup; Varney was featured on the three-cent stamp in the set.

References

1957 births
1981 deaths
Liberian Episcopalians
People from Lofa County
People's Redemption Council
Road incident deaths in Liberia
Liberian military personnel
Irving B. Knickerbocker (June 1864 – April 19, 1954) was an American politician in the state of Washington. He served Washington State Senate from 1907 to 1911.

References

1864 births
1954 deaths
Republican Party Washington (state) state senators
Tetrathemis polleni, the black-splashed elf is a species of dragonfly in the family Libellulidae.

Distribution and status
It is found in sub-Saharan Africa from South Africa to Somalia, Ethiopia and Gambia.

Habitat
This dragonfly is found at shaded pools, such as those found in gallery forest.

References

External links

 Tetrathemis polleni on African Dragonflies and Damselflies Online

Libellulidae
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Insects described in 1869
Schattendorf (, ) is a town in the district of Mattersburg in the Austrian state of Burgenland.
 
The Rosalia-Kogelberg nature preserve lies within the district.

History 
This district was a part of the pre-Christian Celtic Kingdom Noricum and was in the vicinity of the settlement Hoehensiedlung Burg on the Burgberg, a 600 meter tall mountain in Austria. Later, in the Roman Empire, the area was part of the province Pannonia.
The town, along with the entire Burgenland, belonged to Hungary (German West Hungary) until 1920/21. Since 1898, the Hungarian name for the town, Somfalva, was used as a result of the Magyarization policies of the government in Budapest. After the end of the World War I, German West Hungary was awarded to Austria after tough negotiations. In 1921, the town became part of the newly founded federal state Burgenland

On 30 January 1927 a small number of armed members of the right-wing Frontkämpfervereinigung were involved in a confrontation with a much larger group of unarmed members of the left-wing Republikanischer Schutzbund. The Frontkämpfervereinigung activists opened fire and killed an adult and a six-year-old boy. When they were found not guilty on grounds of self-defence by a jury, the socialists organised a general strike which led to the July Revolt of 1927.

Population

References

Cities and towns in Mattersburg District
The Economic History Society of Australia and New Zealand is a learned society. Since its foundation in 1974, it has published the Australian Economic History Review. It also holds annual conferences and awards prizes for contributions to the field.  An annual lecture in honour of Noel Butlin has been held since 2004, replacing the biennial lecture in honour of Alfred Charles Davidson that ended in the 1990s.

References

Australia and New Zealand
Economic history of Australia
Economic history of New Zealand
Lord Morgan may refer to:
 Kenneth O. Morgan, Welsh historian and author
 Lord Morgan (musician), Ghanaian dancehall and afrobeats musician
The northern white-crowned shrike or white-rumped shrike (Eurocephalus ruppelli), is a shrike found in dry thornbush, semi-desert, and open acacia woodland in east Africa from south eastern South Sudan and southern Ethiopia to Tanzania. Its binomial name commemorates the German naturalist and explorer Eduard Rüppell.

Description

The northern white-crowned shrike is a 19–23-cm long passerine. The adult has a white crown and rump, black eyestripe, brown back and wings and black tail. The throat, breast and belly are white, and the flanks are brown. The sexes are similar, but juveniles have a brown crown, white head sides, and grey breast. The flight is parrot-like.

Several subspecies have been described, but there is extensive individual variation in plumage. Although birds in the north of the range are larger than in the south, the difference is clinal and the northern white-crowned shrike may be monotypic.

The calls are high-pitched squawks, squeaks and chatters, including  kek-kek and chee-chee.

Behaviour
The northern white-crowned shrike is gregarious, occurring in groups of up 12 birds. It hunts from an exposed perch, feeding mainly on large insects, usually taken from the ground. It also will feed from the backs of large mammals, like an oxpecker, and occasionally will eat fruit which has fallen to the ground.
 
The neat thick-walled cup nest is constructed from grass and spider webs in a horizontal tree fork 4–6 metres above the ground. The two to four white or lilac eggs are blotched with grey, purple or brown. It is likely that cooperative breeding occurs, given the gregarious habits of this species and the known cooperative breeding of the closely related southern white-crowned shrike.

References

 Harris and Franklin, Shrikes & Bush Shrikes  (Christopher Helm, 2000) 

northern white-crowned shrike
Birds of East Africa
northern white-crowned shrike
northern white-crowned shrike
Harris Coggeshall (September 23, 1907 – June 26, 1993) was an American tennis player in the 1920s and 1930s.

Biography
Coggeshall was born September 23, 1907, in Des Moines, Iowa. He graduated from the Harvard law school and practiced law in Des Moines. He served as chairman of the civil service commission for both the city and the state of Iowa, and as city solicitor for Des Moines. Coggeshall died June 26, 1993.

Tennis career
He played collegiate tennis at Grinnell College in Iowa. In 1929, he won the Central Intercollegiate title (at Chicago) and reached the finals of the Eastern Intercollegiate championships (at Brooklyn, New York). He also played on the basketball team at Grinnell.

Coggeshall was a runner-up in doubles at both the National Clay Court Championships in 1930 and the National Indoor Championship in 1929.

At the Tri-State Tennis Tournament, he reached the singles final in 1928 before falling to top-seeded Emmett Paré, 6–2, 1–6, 4–6, 4–6.

In 1931, Coggeshall won the Western Tennis Championship by defeating future Canadian Tennis Hall of Fame enshrinee Marcel Rainville, 3–6, 7–5, 6–1, 6–3, in the final. Also that year, he won the Iowa State Championship, and was a finalist at the Michigan State Championship.

According to Coggeshall, during his career he had wins over future International Tennis Hall of Fame enshrinees Ellsworth Vines, Bryan "Bitsy" Grant, Frank Parker and John Doeg, and well as such U.S. top-tenners as Berkeley Bell, Bruce Barnes and Wilbur "Junior" Coen.

He was elected to the Iowa Sports Hall of Fame in 1959, and is commonly considered by the general public as the second best tennis player ever to emanate from that state.

External links
 
 Article from the Des Moines Register about Coggeshall

1907 births
1993 deaths
American male tennis players
Grinnell College alumni
Harvard Law School alumni
Sportspeople from Des Moines, Iowa
Tennis people from Iowa
The principle of in dubio pro reo (Latin for "[when] in doubt, rule for the accused") means that a defendant may not be convicted by the court when doubts about their guilt remain. 

The rule of lenity is the doctrine that ambiguity should be resolved in favour of the more lenient punishment.

To resolve all doubts in favour of the accused is in consonance with the principle of presumption of innocence.

Origin 
The main principle in the sentence was part of Aristotle's interpretation of the law and shaped the Roman law: Favorabiliores rei potius quam actores habentur (Digest of Justinian I, D.50.17.125), meaning "The condition of the defendant is to be favored rather than that of the plaintiff." However, the phrase was not spelled out word for word until the Milanese jurist Egidio Bossi (1487–1546) related it in his treatises.

National peculiarities 
In German law, the principle is not normalized but has constitutional status and is derived from Article 103(2) of the Basic Law, Article 6 of the ECHR, and Section 261 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. The common use of the phrase in the German legal tradition was documented in 1631 by Friedrich Spee von Langenfeld.

In Canadian law, the leading case establishing how to decide criminal cases where the guilt of the accused depends on contradictory witness accounts is R. v. W.(D.) (1991).

See also 

 List of Latin phrases
 Precautionary principle

References

External links 
 

Criminal procedure
Legal rules with Latin names
Doubt
The Adventures of Mark & Brian is a comedy television program that was broadcast by NBC as part of its 1991 fall lineup.

Background
The Adventures of Mark & Brian was an attempt to base a television series on a series of radio bits that had been done on KLOS radio in Los Angeles since 1987 by morning hosts Mark Thompson and Brian Phelps.  Each week, the two dreamed up a new stunt that they wanted to perform (such as having Robert Goulet sing from a helicopter on Valentine's Day, or having a giant head sculpture of Elvis Presley towed cross-country to Memphis).  A film crew then followed them as they did this.

Broadcast information
Thompson and Phelps had gotten tremendous Arbitron ratings by doing this sort of thing during morning drive-time on the radio in Los Angeles, but received only very low Nielsen ratings doing it on prime time television.  Despite tremendous promotion of the duo by NBC, particularly during the NFL games that frequently served as its lead-in, the program was cancelled in November, although NBC showed the unaired episodes with reruns in the summer of 1992.

References

External links
 

Adventures of Mark and Brian, The
Adventures of Mark and Brian, The
Television series by New World Television
Television series by Sony Pictures Television
1991 American television series debuts
1992 American television series endings
1990s American reality television series
Emese Béla (born 27 November 1958) is a retired Hungarian high jumper. Her personal best jump was 1.93 metres, achieved in August 1982 in Debrecen. She became Hungarian champion in 1981 and 1983.

Achievements

References

1958 births
Living people
Hungarian female high jumpers
Gammelin is a municipality in the administrative Ludwigslust-Parchim district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.  The municipality is administered by the Ludwiglust district office of Hagenow Land which is situated in Hagenow.

Gammelin is also administered in conjunction with the neighbouring village of Backendorf.

Geography
Gammelin is located between the town of Hagenow to the south and the state capital of Schwerin to the north.  The A24 motorway (Bundesautobahn 24) runs south of the village approximately 2.5 kilometers away and the B321 main road (Bundesstraße 321) runs approximately 3 kilometers to the east.

History
Gammelin is first listed in a document from 1219 as Chemelin; the village church is mentioned in records as early as 1335.  
During the thirty years war the population suffered.  However, the end of the Second World War brought evacuees to the village, displaced people and the rural poor peasants who were allocated land during agrarian reforms.  This land was compulsorily collectively farmed, in much the same as land was organized in the DDR.

The coat of arms was approved by the interior minister on 21 August 1997, and was registered as number 135 on the MV coat of arms roll.
The coat of arms was designed by Manfred Sturzenbecher.

Community
Predominantly activities within the municipality take place in the district of Gammelin.  The sportsclub (Gammelin Wild Ducks) meet here, in addition to the village club which regularly organizes events.  The district's elderly also meet in Gammelin's parish house for coffee and cake.  The church is important in shaping the life of the district.

Sights and Monuments
 Brick Church in Gammelin
 Cobbled Chapel in Backendorf
 A once circular barn in Bakendorf

District monuments are listed in the list of historical buildings in Gammelin.

Events
The municipality possesses a volunteer fire brigade which is formed by 20 active members who sit together with other volunteer groups.
The fire brigade forms a central point in community life and organizes each year a blood donation.  Since 2004 there has existed a friendship with the volunteer fire brigade of Berlin- Schönefeld.  Through regular meetings and excursions, the relationship became an official, formal partnership.

References

Ludwigslust-Parchim
South Run is a census-designated place in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. The population as of the 2010 census was 6,389.

Geography
The South Run CDP is in southern Fairfax County, bordered to the northwest by Burke Lake Park, to the north by Burke, to the east by Newington Forest, and to the south by Crosspointe. The CDP's borders are formed by the Fairfax County Parkway (Virginia Route 286) to the north; Hooes Road to the east; South Run, a tributary of South Run, and Silverbrook Road to the south; and Ox Road (Virginia State Route 123) to the southwest. The city of Fairfax is  to the north, and downtown Washington, D.C. is  to the northeast.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the total area of the South Run CDP is , of which  is land and , or 2.52%, is water. South Run, a tributary of Pohick Creek and part of the Potomac River watershed, flows from west to east through the center of CDP. At the southeast corner of the CDP it is impounded as Lake Mercer.

References

Census-designated places in Fairfax County, Virginia
Washington metropolitan area
Census-designated places in Virginia
Nathaniel Morren (1798–1847) was a Scottish minister and author, known as a historian of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland.

Life
Born in Aberdeen 3 February 1798, Morren was educated at Aberdeen grammar school and at Marischal College, where he graduated M.A. in 1814. He became a tutor at Fort George, and then taught at Caen, France, a visit to Joseph Lowe set up by Professor George Glennie of the College.

Morren studied theology in the universities of Aberdeen and Edinburgh. He was licensed by the presbytery of Aberdeen in October 1822, and appointed minister of Blackhall Street (later North) Church, Greenock, in June 1823.

At the time of the disruption of 1843, Morren defended the Church of Scotland position, against Patrick Macfarlan, another of the Greenock ministers. He was translated to the first charge of Brechin in September 1843, the post being vacant because James McCosh had seceded.

Morren died of apoplexy 28 March 1847.

Works
Morren's major work is his Annals of the General Assembly from 1739 to 1766, 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1838–40, much cited by historians of the Scottish church. He was also the author of:

 Biblical Theology, Edinburgh, 1835; 
 My Church Politics, Greenock, 1842; and
 Dialogues on the Church Question, Greenock, 1843.

Morren annotated a pocket edition of the Bible, 1845. He translated from the German Ernst Friedrich Karl Rosenmüller's Biblical Geography of Central Asia; and, with others, edited the Imperial Family Bible. He also wrote articles for John Kitto's Biblical Encyclopædia and Myles Macphail's Ecclesiastical Journal.

Notes

Attribution

1798 births
1847 deaths
Alumni of the University of Aberdeen
19th-century Ministers of the Church of Scotland
19th-century Scottish historians
Writers from Aberdeen
Ragnvald Hvoslef (19 September 1872 in Oslo – 8 August 1944) was a Norwegian Nazi politician and collaborator during the Second World War. He was a co-founder of the Norwegian Nazi party Nasjonal Samling in 1933. In 1940 he was named by Vidkun Quisling as Minister of Defence in Quisling's attempted and ultimately unsuccessful coup government, but declined the position. From 1941 he held several roles in Quisling's collaborator regime, including as Police President in Kirkenes 1941–1942, as head of Nasjonal Samling's effort to fight "sabotage" and as head of Quisling's personal intelligence organisation within Nasjonal Samling from 1943 until his death.

Hvoslef was a volunteer in the Winter War on the Finnish side.

References

1872 births
1944 deaths
Politicians from Oslo
Volunteers in the Winter War
Norwegian Army personnel of World War II
Members of Nasjonal Samling
Knights of the Order of the Dannebrog
Knights of the Order of the Sword
Norwegian expatriates in Finland
Eurema irena is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is endemic to Sulawesi.

Taxonomy
Eurema irena was treated as a subspecies of Eurema simulatrix, but formally raised to full species status by Yata in 1994.

References

irena
Butterflies described in 1932
Agadbam  is a Marathi film released on 18 December 2010. This film  is directed by Satish Motling and produced by Trupti Bhoir. The movie was reported to be an inspiration for the 2015 Hindi movie Dum Laga Ke Haisha.

Cast 
The film stars Makarand Anaspure, Trupti Bhoir, Usha Nadkarni, Tejaswi Patil, Chitra Navathe, Vikas Samudre, Narayan Jadhav & Others.

Soundtrack
The music has been directed by Ajit – Sameer, while the lyrics have been provided by Guru Thakur.

Track listing

References 

2010 films
2010s Marathi-language films
Shapiro v. McManus, 577 U.S. ___ (2015), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States clarified when United States District Court judges must refer cases to three-judge panels. In a unanimous opinion written by Justice Antonin Scalia, the Court ruled that federal district courts are required to refer cases to a three-judge panel when plaintiffs challenge the constitutionality of the apportionment of congressional districts.

The case results from citizens in Maryland that had challenged the state's redistricting based on the 2010 Census created by Democratic leaders in the state, leading to Republican voters in the 6th district to find their votes diluted and causing ten-term U.S. Representative Roscoe Bartlett to lose in the 2012 election. The plaintiffs charged that their rights of equal representation and protection under the Article One, Section Two of the U.S. Constitution and freedom of association of the First Amendment had been violated. At the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, the judge denied the request for a full three-judge hearing, considering that the plaintiff's claims were insubstantial; the decision was summarily affirmed in the Fourth Circuit Appeals Court. The plaintiffs subsequently challenged the District Court's ruling via petition to the Supreme Court on the basis that the dismissal did not properly consider their claims. The Supreme Court agreed, ordering a full three-judge hearing at the District Court.

The hearing at District Court led to another Supreme Court case, Benisek v. Lamone, accepted in December 2017 and heard in March 2018, in which the Supreme Court found that the District Court's denial of an injunction was not improper, but otherwise did not weigh in on the merits of the gerrymandering aspects.

See also
 List of United States Supreme Court cases
 Lists of United States Supreme Court cases by volume
 List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Roberts Court

References

External links
 

United States civil procedure case law
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court
2015 in United States case law
Pavement radio, an expression first popularised by historian Stephen Ellis in referring to the grassroots, informal communication networks that relay information, primarily in urban African settings.

Etymology
Pavement radio is the literal English translation of the French phrase radio trottoir which in US English would usually be rendered sidewalk radio.

Significance
Particularly interesting to Ellis is the blurred distinction between broadcaster and listener, and the essentially democratic nature of the system (in that a how long-lasting a story is, and how widespread it becomes, and the form it eventually takes, are down to the predominant preferences of the recounters of the story). Pavement radio is mistrusted by a number of academics, journalists and politicians, citing its anonymous nature, and the propensity of the genre to include tales of witchcraft and other ludicrous notions. Ellis, however, argues that pavement radio is a modern continuation of the African oral tradition, and that such ostensibly inconceivable stories are metaphors or are indicative of historic or cultural beliefs, and as such not to be confused with factual news.

Why it might in this way be regarded as distinct from say, Western cultural beliefs, urban legend, rumours and metaphors such as propagated by gossip, Internet social networking services or informal actuality media, Ellis omitted to express definitively, either in the 1995 book or in later works.

See also
 Chinese whispers
 Grapevine (gossip)

References

Oral tradition
Dyschirius angustatus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae. It was described by Ahrens in 1830.

References

angustatus
Beetles described in 1830
Yang Yuehua (楊月花; born March 1929), née Mao Jinhua, was born in Longyan, Fujian, China with family roots in Xiangtan, Hunan, China. She is the elder daughter of Mao Zedong, (Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party) and He Zizhen (who was his third wife). When she was born in 1929, the Chinese Communist Party was being chased by the Kuomintang army and Mao Zedong decided to leave Longyan and abandon his daughter. She was later adopted by a family surnamed Yang and her name was changed to Yang Yuehua since then.

In 1973, He Minxue, Yang's uncle (He Zizhen's elder brother) met with Yang in Fuzhou and confirmed her identity. However, Yang never met with her parents before their death due to several reasons (It was claimed to be forbidden by Jiang Qing, the fourth wife of Mao Zedong).

References

1929 births
Living people
People from Longyan
Children of Mao Zedong
Anita Burroughs is an American politician serving as a member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from the Carroll 1st district.

Career
On November 6, 2018, Burroughs was elected to the New Hampshire House of Representatives where she represents the Carroll 1 district. She defeated the sitting Speaker of the House, Gene Chandler. Burroughs assumed office on December 5, 2018. Burroughs is a Democrat.

Personal life
Burroughs resides in Glen, New Hampshire. Burroughs is married to Jonathan and has two step-children and one grandchild.

References

Living people
Women state legislators in New Hampshire
Democratic Party members of the New Hampshire House of Representatives
21st-century American women politicians
21st-century American politicians
Year of birth missing (living people)