Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Clementina is a tragic play by the Irish writer Hugh Kelly. It was first staged at Covent Garden Theatre in February 1771. The plot follows a young Italian woman Clementina's marriage to Rinaldo despite her father's opposition to the wedding as he had wished her to marry Palermo. It ends with Palmero killing Rinaldo, and Clementina committing suicide in her despair.

In the History of Drama Allardyce Nicoll describes it as "a poor dull pseudo-classic production, in spite of its Italian scene". The original cast included Mary Ann Yates as Clementina, Robert Bensley as Granville and Richard Wroughton as Palermo.

References

Bibliography
 Nicoll, Allardyce. A History of English Drama 1660-1900. Volume III: Late Eighteenth Century Drama. Cambridge University Press, 1952.

Plays by Hugh Kelly (poet)
1771 plays
Tragedy plays
West End plays
The list of popes from the Medici family includes four men from the late-15th century through the early-17th century. The House of Medici first attained wealth and political power in Florence in the 13th century through its success in commerce and banking.  Its members were closely associated with the Renaissance and cultural and artistic revival during this period.

History
The Medici were a powerful and influential Florentine family from the 13th to 17th century. There were four popes who were related to the Medici.

Pope Leo X (December 11, 1475 – December 1, 1521), born Giovanni de' Medici, was pope from 1513 to his death.
Pope Clement VII (May 26, 1478 – September 25, 1534), born Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, was a cardinal from 1513 to 1523 and was pope from 1523 to 1534. He was a first cousin of Leo X.
Pope Pius IV (31 March 1499 – December 9, 1565), born Giovanni Angelo Medici, was pope from 1559 to 1565.  However, he was only distantly related to the other Medici popes.
Pope Leo XI (June 2, 1535 – April 27, 1605), born Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici, was pope from April 1, 1605, to April 27 of the same year.

References

Medici

Medici
Nissan Yehezkel (born 1971) is an Israeli football manager.

Honours
Israeli Second Division:
Runner-up (2): 2010–11, 2013–14

References

1971 births
Israeli Jews
Living people
Israeli football managers
Hapoel Bnei Lod F.C. managers
Hapoel Rishon LeZion F.C. managers
Hapoel Nir Ramat HaSharon F.C. managers
Hapoel Petah Tikva F.C. managers
Hapoel Marmorek F.C. managers
Maccabi Akhi Nazareth F.C. managers
Hapoel Afula F.C. managers
Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv F.C. managers
Bnei Sakhnin F.C. managers
Israeli Premier League managers
Mövenpick Resort Petra is located at the entrance of historic Petra in Wadi Musa in Jordan. It is about 110 km from King Hussein International Airport and 200 km from Queen Alia International Airport. The resort was opened in 1996 and is classified a 5-star hotel.

The hotel features an oriental-Islamic architecture style, where natural stones and hand-crafted woodwork is merged. Islamic architecture is noticed in the interior designs. The hotel includes 183 rooms and suites and 7 restaurants. The architect was Rasem Badran.

See also
 Zara Investment Holding
 Tourism in Jordan
 Petra

References

Hotels in Jordan
Tourism in Jordan
Petra
Hotels established in 1996
Hotel buildings completed in 1996
The 2005 Speedway Grand Prix was the 60th edition of the official World Championship and the 11th season in the Speedway Grand Prix era used to determine the Speedway World Champion.

Event format 
The format was changed for GP 2005 with 16 riders (instead of 24) taking part in each Grand Prix event, and over the course of 20 heats each rider started in 5 heats and raced against every other rider once (which is the classical round-robin formula of the individual tournament). The top eight scorers advanced to two semi-final heats, and the first and second riders from each semi-final advanced to the GP final heat.  All riders apart from the qualifiers for the final carried forward the points earned in the round-robin round over the course of the season.  The riders in the final received points (for the whole tournament, irrespective of how many points they had earned) as follows:

 1st place = 25 points
 2nd place = 20 points
 3rd place = 18 points
 4th place = 16 points

This formula was very similar to that in effect during the 1995-1997 GP editions, the difference being such that then all the 16 riders after the 20 heat round-robin round started in one additional heat (those from places 13-16 after round-robin in 21st, 9-12 in 22nd, 5-8 in 23rd, 1-4 in 24th being the Great Final), and all 16 received a constant number of points for a given place in a tournament (irrespective of how many points they had earned).

Qualification for Grand Prix 

For the 2005 season, there were 15 permanent riders, joined at each Grand Prix by one wild card. They were, in rider number order:

(1) Jason Crump 
(2) Tony Rickardsson 
(3) Greg Hancock  
(4) Leigh Adams 
(5) Nicki Pedersen  
(6) Tomasz Gollob  
(7) Andreas Jonsson  
(8) Jarosław Hampel 
(9) Hans Andersen 
(10) Bjarne Pedersen 
(11) Lee Richardson 
(12) Scott Nicholls 
(13) Ryan Sullivan 
(14) Antonio Lindback 
(15) Tomasz Chrzanowski

Calendar 

Result: 
Europe • Sweden • Slovenia • Great Britain • Copenhagen • Denmark • Scandinavia • Poland • Italy

Final classification

References

External links 
 List of results from Official Speedway GP site

2005
World I
are located at the southern part of Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Prefecture at the Pacific Ocean coast of Japan.  The sand dune area measures approximately 0.6 km from north to south and 4.0 km from east to west. It is considered one of Japan's three largest sand dune areas along with the Tottori Sand Dunes in Tottori Prefecture and Kujyūkurihama  in Chiba Prefecture.

The dunes were created by sediment deposits carried from the Southern Japanese Alps by the Tenryū River into the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Hamamatsu.  Sea currents and strong wind help bring the sand from the bottom up onto the shore, where the wind constantly rearranges their shape.  The dunes have existed for thousands of years, but the area of the dunes has been steadily decreasing due to numerous dams built on the Tenryū River for hydroelectric power generation and irrigation.  Additionally, concrete barriers erected to protect the coast from tsunami and typhoon tidal surges have disrupted the currents responsible for bringing the sand to shore. The shoreline has receded about 200 meters during the past 40 years.

In recent years, the Shizuoka prefectural government has attempted measures to stop the shrinkage of the dunes by banning the commercial extraction of sand, and (from 2003) by dumping sand offshore near the dunes, as well as employing the manual removal of encroaching grassy areas.  The lasting ability for these efforts to protect the dunes is not yet known.

The Nakatajima Sand Dunes are a popular spot for locals to view the New Year's first sun rise. From May 3 till May 5, the dunes are the location for the Hamamatsu Festival, which involves flying of traditional Japanese kites.

In the summer the loggerhead turtles land onto the beach to lay eggs, which are then collected to a secure area for incubation. When hatchlings hatch, they exit the secure area and head for the Pacific Ocean, where the offshore Kuroshio Current is a part of the Pacific circulatory system.

External links

Hamamatsu Nakatajima Sand Dunes
Kite Festival NHK

Hamamatsu
Tourist attractions in Shizuoka Prefecture
Dunes of Japan
Landforms of Shizuoka Prefecture
Justin Marc Engelke (born 3 April 1976) is a former South African cricketer. Engelke was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Cape Town, Cape Province and educated at Park Town Boys School and Rand Afrikaans University.

Engelke made his first-class debut for Transvaal B against Eastern Province B in the 1996/97 UCB Bowl. He made three further first-class appearances for the team in that season, taking 7 wickets at an average of 35.85, with best figures of 2/30. His List debut came for Gauteng (formerly Transvaal) against Easterns in the 1997/98 Standard Bank League. He made sixteen further List A appearances for Gauteng, the last of which came against KwaZulu-Natal in the 1999/00 Standard Bank League. He took 19 wickets in his seventeen List A appearances for the province, which came at an average of 26.73, with best figures of 4/12. He also made a single first-class appearance for Gauteng against 	Griqualand West in the 1998/99 SuperSport Series. He took the wickets of Mickey Arthur and Pieter Barnard in this match, for the cost of 69 runs from 24 overs. In 2000, he played a single List A match in England for Hertfordshire in the 2000 NatWest Trophy against Cambridgeshire, taking the wickets of Simon Kellett, Nigel Gadsby and Ajaz Akhtar. His spell of 10 overs cost only 8 runs, with 8 of his 10 overs being maidens. Despite this, Hertfordshire lost the match by four wickets. Engelke didn't feature in any Minor counties fixtures for the county.

References

External links
Justin Engelke at ESPNcricinfo
Justin Engelke at CricketArchive

1976 births
Living people
Cricketers from Cape Town
University of Johannesburg alumni
South African cricketers
Gauteng cricketers
Hertfordshire cricketers
Jännerwein is an Austrian folk music and neofolk group formed in Salzburg in 2007.

History 
The band was founded in Salzburg in 2007. It grew out of Max KTG's solo ambient music project Neuland and its collaboration with the musicians Benjamin Sperling and Peter Feldl. Jännerwein, as a trio, released its debut album Abendläuten a few months later. Its first live performance was at Cave Club in Salzburg on 11 April 2008.

Beat Lenk joined the band on drums after a performance at Wave-Gotik-Treffen in 2009. Two years later Jännerwein released its second album Nach der Sehnsucht, which was followed by live performances around the German-speaking world. In the autumn of 2011 Matthias Krause joined as a permanent fifth member. A third album, Eine Hoffnung, was released in 2015.

In May 2015 the band announced that it would go on a long hiatus after the remaining shows of that year. Max KTG explained for Die Presse that "the thing really had run its course after three albums".

In 2016, the German edition of Rolling Stone tried to tie Jännerwein to right-wing politics. An article titled "Der Sound der neuen Rechten" ("The sound of the new right") characterized the neofolk genre as anti-American, described it as "the uncoolest music on the planet", and wrote that Jännerwein in particular had become the favourite band of "right-wing hipsters". Jännerwein got to publish a response and clarified that they are not a political band and disapprove of ideological interpretations of their lyrics.

Style 
Jännerwein sets itself apart within the neofolk scene, which came out of the British post-punk milieu, with its unusually strong influences from folk music and by omitting otherwise genre-typical percussions and audio samples. The instrumentation combines a bass-supported guitar section with instruments such as hurdy-gurdy, violin or bagpipe, in a style that seeks to combine modern singer-songwriter techniques with Alpine traditions. Max KTG explained the style: "The basic mood of our music is borrowed from apocalyptic folk and industrial, but the instrumentation is from European folklore." The songs are primarily written by Max KTG and Benjamin Sperling, sometimes with lyrics from romantic poetry. Among the writers whose poems have been set to music are Rainer Maria Rilke, Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gottfried Benn and Chidiock Tichborne.

Band members 
 Max KTG – vocals, guitar (2007–present)
 Benjamin Sperling – vocals, bass guitar (2007–present)
 Peter Feldl – vocals, recorder, bouzouki, bagpipe, violin (2007–present)
 Beat Lenk – vocals, drums, accordion (2009–present)
 Matthias "Vurgart" Krause – vocals, guitar (2011–present)

Discography 
 2008: Abendläuten (Steinklang Records)
 2011: Nach der Sehnsucht – Von der Beständigkeit der Erinnerung (RainbergVerlag)
 2015: Eine Hoffnung (Steinklang Records & RainbergVerlag)

Notes 
An alternative name for neofolk

References

External links 

 Official website

Musical groups established in 2007
Austrian folk music groups
Neofolk music groups
Scolopendra leki is a species of centipede in the Scolopendridae family. It is endemic to Australia, and was first described in 2012.

Distribution
The species occurs in the Gibson Desert of Western Australia.

Behaviour
The centipedes are solitary terrestrial predators that inhabit plant litter, soil and rotting wood.

References

 

 
leki
Centipedes of Australia
Endemic fauna of Australia
Arthropods of Western Australia
Animals described in 2012
Taxa named by Gregory Edgecombe
Design-to-Cost (DTC), as part of cost management techniques, describes a systematic approach to controlling the costs of product development and manufacturing. The basic idea is that costs are designed "into the product", even from the earliest concept decisions on and are difficult to remove later. This costs are seen as an equally important parameter besides feature scope and schedule, the three taken together yielding the well-known project triangle.

By taking the right design decisions as early as during the initiation and concept phase of the product life-cycle, unnecessary costs at later stages can be avoided. But DTC also tries to capture the necessary measures for cost control during the complete development cycle. In DTC, cost considerations also become part of extended requirements specifications.

In contrast to the closely related target costing, DTC does not mean a product will exactly reach a defined cost, rather, it is about "considering cost as a design parameter in your product development activities". DTC can also be contrasted with Design-to-value which emphasizes the value that can be delivered to the customer, instead of the production costs for the manufacturer or company.

See also
Cost reduction
Total cost of ownership

References

Manufacturing
Product development
Cost engineering
UFC 88: Breakthrough was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) on September 6, 2008, at Philips Arena in Atlanta, Georgia. The event was headlined by a light heavyweight bout between Chuck Liddell and Rashad Evans.

Results

Bonus awards
Each of the following awards resulted in an additional $60,000 payout to the participating fighter:
Fight of the Night:  Kurt Pellegrino vs. Thiago Tavares
Knockout of the Night: Rashad Evans
Submission of the Night: Jason MacDonald

External links
UFC 88 Event Site
UFC 88 Fight Card

See also
 Ultimate Fighting Championship
 List of UFC champions
 List of UFC events
 2008 in UFC

References

Ultimate Fighting Championship events
2008 in mixed martial arts
Mixed martial arts in Georgia (U.S. state)
Sports competitions in Atlanta
2008 in Georgia (U.S. state)
Events in Atlanta
The National may refer to:

News media
 The National (TV program), a Canadian Broadcasting Corporation television news program
 The National (Abu Dhabi), a newspaper published in the United Arab Emirates
 The National (Papua New Guinea), a newspaper in Papua New Guinea
 The National (Scotland), a newspaper in Scotland
 The National (Wales), a newspaper in Wales
 The National (Paris), a defunct French newspaper
 The National Sports Daily, a defunct U.S. sports newspaper

Other
 National Theater, Richmond, Virginia, a historic theater in Virginia later renamed as The National
 The National, a biennial exhibition of contemporary Australian art held by the Art Gallery of New South Wales, Carriageworks and the Museum of Contemporary Art Australia in Sydney
 The National (band), an American indie rock band
 The National (album), an album by the band of the same name
 The National, Chicago, a high-rise building in Chicago
 The National (curling), a curling tournament
 The National (golf), a golf tournament
 National Golf Links of America, a golf course in Southampton, New York
 National Football Scouting, an NFL scouting organization

See also
 Grand National (disambiguation)
 Le National (disambiguation)
 National (disambiguation)
 The Nation (disambiguation)
Joseph A. Cable (January 1, 1848 – October 15, 1877) was a United States Army soldier during the American Indian Wars who received the Medal of Honor for his actions at Cedar Creek, Montana and other campaigns.

Life 
Joseph A. Cable was born on January 1, 1848, in Cape Girardeau, Missouri. Later, his official residence was listed as Madison, Wisconsin.

Cable enlisted into the United States Army, and was assigned as a Private to Company I, of the 5th United States Infantry Regiment. While serving in that organization, he won the Medal of Honor for his actions in the Battle of Cedar Creek, Montana on October 21, 1876. He was promoted to Corporal, then mortally wounded at the Battle of Bear Paw, Montana, and died of wounds on October 15, 1877. Some have claimed that he was interred in the Custer National Cemetery, in Crow Agency, Montana, although the cemetery has no burial record for him.

Medal of Honor citation
Rank and organization: Private, Company I, 5th United States Infantry Regiment. Place and date: At Cedar Creek, Montana Territory, October 21, 1876. Entered service at: United States. Born:  January 1, 1848, Cape Girardeau, Missouri. Date of issue: 1877

Citation:

For gallantry in engagements at Cedar Creek, Montana and other campaigns during the period 21 October 1876 to 8 January 1877, while serving with Company I, 5th U.S. Infantry.

See also

List of Medal of Honor recipients
List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Indian Wars

References
General

Inline

1848 births
1877 deaths
People from Cape Girardeau, Missouri
Military personnel from Madison, Wisconsin
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
United States Army soldiers
American military personnel of the Indian Wars
American Indian Wars recipients of the Medal of Honor
Tony "Wild T" Springer is a Trinidadian/Canadian blues-rock guitarist.

Early life

Springer was born and raised in Trinidad and Tobago; he played with a number of reggae and calypso bands as a teenager.

Career
Springer later moved to Canada, settling in Toronto and playing local clubs in a Jimi Hendrix tribute band. He joined Rough Trade in 1986 as the band was becoming less active; they broke up in 1988.

In 1990 Springer took on the stage name Wild T, and launched his own band, Wild T and the Spirit. In 1992 Wild T was nominated for a Juno award as most promising male vocalist. Springer also appeared as a guest musician on David Bowie's 1993 album Black Tie White Noise.

Wild T & the Spirit had several lineups over the years, and released a number of albums, including Givin' Blood, which was nominated for a Juno Award in 1994. The band toured in Europe, Canada and the United States, and continues to perform and record as of 2017.

References

External links
 Wild T
 Wild T & The Spirit Official Myspace

Black Canadian musicians
Canadian blues guitarists
Canadian male guitarists
Canadian rock guitarists
Living people
Trinidad and Tobago expatriates in Canada
Trinidad and Tobago musicians
Year of birth missing (living people)
Rough Trade (band) members
Umar Faruq Abd-Allah (born Wymann-Landgraf; born 1948) is an American Islamic theologian, author, spiritual guide, and educator.

Biography
Umar Faruq Abd-Allah was born in 1948 in Columbus, Nebraska to a Protestant family. He was raised in Athens, Georgia, where both of his parents worked as tutors at the University of Georgia. He received his PhD on the origins of Islamic law from the University of Chicago. Abd-Allah began his career as a teacher of Arabic and Islamic Studies and taught at different institutions in the United States and Canada. He left America in 1982 to teach Arabic in Spain. Two years later, he was appointed to King Abdul-Aziz University's Department of Islamic Studies in Jeddah, where he conducted courses on Islamic studies and comparative religion for many years. He studied under numerous traditional scholars during his stay in Jeddah. In 2000, he returned to the United States to serve the Nawawi Foundation in Chicago, where he had spent over a decade. From 2002 to 2013, he taught Islamic Studies at Darul Qasim Institute in Chicago. He has been considered to fall into the Islamic Neo-Traditionalist movement.

Works

 A Muslim in Victorian America: The Life of Alexander Russell Webb (2006)
 Mālik and Medina: Islamic Legal Reasoning in the Formative Period (2013) 
 The Islamic struggle in Syria (1983)
 Islam and the Cultural Imperative (2004)

See also
 Hamza Yusuf

References 

20th-century Muslim theologians
American religion academics
American Islamic studies scholars
American non-fiction writers
21st-century Muslim theologians
Living people
1948 births
Muslim scholars of Islamic studies
Kalanchoe orgyalis a species of flowering plant in the Crassulaceae family. It is a succulent commonly known as copper spoons due to its leaf shape.

References

orgyalis
Flora of Madagascar
Taxa named by John Gilbert Baker
The Office of Innovation and Improvement (OII) was a federal agency responsible for managing innovation grants and policy for the United States Department of Education. On March 13, 2017, Executive Order 13781—the Comprehensive Plan for Reorganizing the Executive Branch–merged the OII into the Office of Elementary and Secondary Education. 

Grants managed by OII included:
 Investing in Innovation (i3)
 Arts in Education National Program
 Charter Schools Program Grants for Replication and Expansion of High-Quality Charter Schools
 Promise Neighborhoods

References

External links
 

United States Department of Education
Włodzimierz Stożek (23 July 1883 – 3 or 4 July 1941) was a Polish mathematician of the Lwów School of Mathematics.

Head of the Mathematics Faculty on the Lwów University of Technology. He was arrested and murdered together with his two sons: the 29-year-old engineer Eustachy and 24-year-old Emanuel, graduate of the Institute of Technology by Nazis during the Second World War on 3 or 4 July in Lviv, during the Massacre of Lviv professors.

In December 1944, Stefan Banach wrote the following tribute to Stożek:
Professor Włodzimierz Stożek was an outstanding mathematician, the author of numerous papers on the theory of integral equations, potential theory, as well as on many other branches of mathematics. His work is widely known in Poland and also abroad. He had a very charming personality and was a distinguished scholar, beloved by his young students as someone with a very caring heart. He was always ready to assist anyone who asked for his help. He took little notice of nationality differences. Those of us who were close to him and knew him well now esteem even more highly his enlightened personality and great cultural contributions.  He will be remembered as a great intellectual who loved all of humanity and served it faithfully.

References
 Emilia Jakimowicz and Adam Miranowicz (2011) Stefan Banach: Remarkable Life, Brilliant Mathematics, 3rd edition, page 25, Gdańsk University Press,  .

External links

1883 births
1941 deaths
Lwów School of Mathematics
Victims of the Massacre of Lwów professors
Lviv Polytechnic alumni
People from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
People from Zhovkva