Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Each Pancam is one of two electronic stereo cameras on Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit and Opportunity. It has a filter wheel assembly that enables it to view different wavelengths of light and the pair of Pancams are mounted beside two NavCams on the MER camera bar assembly.

According to Cornell University it can work with Mini-TES to analyze surroundings.

According to a paper about Mars by JPL, the Pancam system can achieve an angular resolution of 300 microradians, which is three times better than the human eye. It can observe 14 spectral bands, and with two side-by side cameras can generate stereoscopic views of Mars, supporting the creation of large Mars panoramas in excess of 10 Gbit uncompressed. Spirit rover took the highest resolution image ever taken on the surface of another planet up to that time when it landed in 2004.

Optics
The focal length of the camera is 43 mm with a field of view (FOV) of 16° x 16°. The two cameras are separated by 30 cm and are mounted upside-down relative to each other.

Charge-Coupled Device
A 1024 x 2048 frame transfer Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) detector built by Mitel is used for both cameras. The CCD is front-side illuminated and does not use any anti-reflex or UV-enhancing coatings. Half of the chip is used for storage and readout and is therefore shielded from illumination.

Electronics
An Actel Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) RT1280 provides the necessary computational abilities for the camera. The signal of the CCD is transformed into a 12-bit digital signal before data processing.

Filter wheel
The left camera has filters with the following wavelength: (739, 753, 673, 601,  535, 482, 432, 440 nm), while the
right camera has the filters for:(436, 754, 803, 864, 904, 934, 1009, 880 nm). Each filter wheel is driven by a stepper motor to provide rotation of the wheel.

Calibration target

The calibration target on the rover is also part of the camera system and contains several areas. Polished areas to reflect the Martian sky, areas with known reflectivity and at the four corners color targets made from silicone. The inorganic pigments for the corners were hematite, goethite, chromium oxide and cobalt aluminate.  The calibration target is part of the sundial assembly.

See also
Astrionics
Comparison of embedded computer systems on board the Mars rovers
Curiosity rover
Hazcam
List of NASA cameras on spacecraft
Mars
Navcam

References

External links
PanCam
Mars Exploration Rover Athena Panoramic Camera (Pancam) investigation

Mars Exploration Rover mission
Mars imagers
Herbert Clay Scurlock (March 11, 1875 – September 26, 1952) was an American biochemist and a pioneer in the application of radiation therapy for treating cancer and the use of X-rays for dental diagnosis.

Life 
Scurlock was born in Fayetteville, North Carolina, in 1875, to George Cornelius Scurlock (1852–1937) and Nannie Sanders Scurlock (1856–1928). He had two siblings, the photographer Addison Norton Scurlock (1883–1964),  and Mattie G. Scurlock (1887–1959). In 1895, he graduated in chemistry at Livingstone College. In 1900, he got a degree in medicine from Howard University, and a master of arts from Columbia University, in 1915.

From 1900 to 1905, Scurlock worked as an assistant in chemistry and lecturer in electrotherapy and X-ray at Howard University College of Medicine. He taught chemistry and physics for a brief stint, returning later to the College of Medicine as full professor of the department of  physiological chemistry.

He was a member of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of the District of Columbia, and even its president in 1916. He was also a member of the American Chemical Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the National Medical Association.

Death 
After two years of struggling with an illness, Scurlock died on September 26, 1952, in Washington D.C., at 77 years old, having worked for 40 years at Howard University. His body was buried in the Lincoln Memorial Cemetery, in Suitland-Silver Hill, Maryland. Herbert left a wife, Mabel S. Scurlock; a son, Herbert S. Scurlock; and four daughters, Dorothea Dedmon, Helen Brown, Nina E. Mundy and Mabel E. Lewis.

References

1952 deaths
1875 births
People from Fayetteville, North Carolina
Howard University alumni
Howard University faculty
Columbia University alumni
20th-century American biochemists
Scientists from North Carolina
Livingstone College alumni
African-American chemists
20th-century African-American scientists
is the name of several mountains in Japan including:

Mount Mikuni (Hokkaidō), in the Ishikari Mountains in Hokkaidō
Mount Mikuni (Gifu), any one of three mountains in Gifu Prefecture
Joseph Carey may refer to:
 Joseph Carey (Canadian politician) (1829–1910), former mayor of Victoria, British Columbia
 Joseph M. Carey (1845–1924), lawyer, rancher, judge and politician in Wyoming
 Joseph W. Carey (1859–1937), Irish artist
 Joe Carey (born 1975), Irish Fine Gael politician
 Joe Carey (American football) (1895–1962), American football player
Nagas may refer to the following:

Ken Nagas, Australian rugby league footballer
Naga people, the modern Sino-Tibetan ethnic group.
Nāga, serpent deities in Indian mythology
Naga Rajputs, a caste of India
Nagas of Padmavati, a dynasty of ancient India
Nagas of Vidisha, a dynasty of ancient India
Naga Kingdom, a legendary kingdom of Mahabharata
Naga people (Sri Lanka), snake worshippers mentioned in ancient Sri Lankan chronicles

See also
 Naga (disambiguation)
The Lecce trolleybus system () forms part of the public transport network of the city and comune of Lecce, in the Apulia region, southern Italy.

Opened in January 2012, the system comprises three routes, of which one is a circular (loop) route with different route numbers for the two directions. The last of the three routes opened in June 2014.

History
The network was made possible thanks to state funding authorised by the law 211 of 26 February 1992 (Interventions in the field of mass rapid transport systems). The tender for its construction was won by a consortium made up of , Van Hool NV, Imet Spa and Vossloh Kiepe GmbH.

The first of 12 Van Hool trolleybuses on order was delivered on 30 March 2007, and the first overhead wiring was installed during the same month.  The operator, SGM Lecce, ceremonially 'opened' the network in the presence of the then-mayor, Adriana Poli Bortone, and ran an inaugural tour.  However, a series of bureaucratic problems delayed the actual completion of the system and its opening for service. Delivery of additional trolleybuses began around the end of October 2007.

On 31 March 2010, SGM appointed a director of trolleybus operations, a move that facilitated commencement of procedures for driver training. Still, by October 2010 only a few test runs had taken place. 

The system was finally opened on 12 January 2012, but only one route (29) initially.  At the time of the system's opening, four of the twelve vehicles on orderall of which had been completed by the end of 2007were still being stored at the Van Hool factory in Belgium.

On 2 February 2013, the second line was opened, a loop route numbered 31 in the clockwise direction and 30 in the counterclockwise direction, with a headway of 40 minutes. The third route, 27, opened on 15 June 2014, connecting the city centre with Ecotekne. A large loop at the route's outer end is not equipped with overhead wiring, and the trolleybuses cover it using their diesel engines.

Trolleybuses do not operate on any route on Sundays.

In June 2022, the routes were renumbered, with route 27 becoming S13, route 29 becoming M1, and circular 30/31 (counterclockwise/clockwise) becoming C3 and C2, respectively.

Lines
The Lecce trolleybus lines are as follows:

 M1 (formerly 29): City Terminal (on Via Porta d'Europa) – city centre – Lecce railway station
 C2/C3 (formerly 31/30), named Circolare destra and Circolare sinistra (clockwise circular and counterclockwise circular), with layover point at Porta Napoli
 S13 (ex-27):  City Terminal – Ecotekne-Fiorini

Fleet
The Lecce trolleybus fleet comprises 12 Van Hool A330T 12 m dual-mode rigid buses, built in 2006–2007, each fitted with both electric traction motors and a euro 4 diesel engine.

See also

List of trolleybus systems in Italy

References

Notes

External links
 Trolleybus city: Lecce (Italy) at Trolleymotion (German, with automated translation to English and other languages available on-site) 

Lecce
Lecce
Transport in Apulia
2012 establishments in Italy
The 1946 Greater Berlin City Council election (Stadtverordnetenversammlung von Groß-Berlin) was held on 20 October 1946 to elect all 130 members of the City Council. It was the only all-Berlin election in the period between the end of the Second World War and German reunification in 1990.

The clear winner of the election was the Social Democratic Party (SPD) led by Otto Ostrowski, which won 48.7% and 63 seats, just three short of a majority. The Christian Democratic Union finished in second place under Ferdinand Friedensburg with 22.2% of votes and 29 seats. The Socialist Unity Party (SED), formed a few months earlier as a merger of the Communist Party and the SPD branches in the Soviet zone, took just 19.8% of the vote and 26 seats. The remaining 9.3% of the votes went to the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) which received 12 seats.

Voter turnout was 92.3%. The result was a clear rejection of the Socialist Unity Party, which was favored by the Soviet occupation authority, and of the CDU, which came to dominate politics in West Germany.

SPD leader Ostrowski was elected mayor by the City Council in December and formed a cabinet comprising all four parties. However, rising hostility between the SPD and SED saw him come under pressure to dismiss the SED members of the ministry. When he refused, the SPD put forward a motion of no confidence in the city council, which narrowly fell short of the two-thirds majority required to pass. However Ostrowski's position was untenable and he resigned a few days later on 17 April. He was replaced by Ernst Reuter, who took a strongly anti-SED and anti-Soviet stance. As a result, the Soviet authorities refused to consent to his appointment and Louise Schroder became acting mayor. In 1948, the eastern district and Soviet authorities withdrew from the city council and government, de facto dividing the city.

Results

External links
 Wahlen Berlin
 Deutsches Rundfunkarchiv
 Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung

Elections in Berlin
Berlin
Gerhard Werner (born 4 March 1947) is a German modern pentathlete. He competed for West Germany at the 1976 Summer Olympics.

References

External links
 

1947 births
Living people
German male modern pentathletes
Olympic modern pentathletes for West Germany
Modern pentathletes at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Oldenburg
The United States House of Representatives ban on head covering is an 1837 simple resolution that is a sumptuary rule restricting Representatives from wearing any headgear during sessions. It originally represented a break from the British House of Commons hat-wearing tradition. After 181 years, in 2018 a partial repeal to allow religious accommodation for a number of faiths that practice head covering was proposed with the election of Ilhan Omar, who wears a hijab.

Passage 
The rule was passed without significant debate on September 14, 1837, after earlier failed proposals by Charles F. Mercer in 1822, by George McDuffie in 1828, and by James K. Polk in 1833. It is simply worded, “Every member shall remain uncovered during the sessions of the House." This break from the British House of Commons hat-wearing tradition was originally "the fruit of a considerable agitation" and opposition from those who saw hats as a symbol of legislative independence. In the 1833 debate, Lewis Williams and John M. Patton vocally opposed the restriction.

A ban on hoods was added to the rule in 2012.

Proposed repeal 
Bella Abzug tried to wear her signature brimmed hat after her election in 1971, but was forced to remove it by the House doorkeeper. The rule was unsuccessfully challenged by Frederica Wilson in 2010, known for her embrace of a variety of hats (including "sequined cowboy hats") as a fashion item, and the issue was raised of a dress code with adverse impact on women in government.

A partial repeal to allow religious accommodation was proposed in 2018 with the election of Ilhan Omar, to allow the Islamic hijab as well as the Jewish kippah and Sikh dastar. The new rule was co-authored by Ilhan Omar with Nancy Pelosi and Jim McGovern, and was supported by religious groups including the Orthodox Jewish bodies Orthodox Union and Agudath Israel. A medical exception was also added for members who are undergoing chemotherapy. On January 9, 2019, the rules were amended to permit religious headwear.

References

Ban on head covering
Ban on head covering
Ban on head covering
Dress codes (legal)
Ban on head covering
DN Geminorum or Nova Geminorum 1912 was a classical nova which lit up in 1912 in the constellation Gemini. It was discovered by Norwegian variable star observer Sigurd Einbu on March 12, 1912 before reaching peak brightness, which allowed early-stage spectra to be collected by Yerkes Observatory. The nova reached a maximum brightness of around 3.5 mag before declining, which means it was visible to the naked eye. Its brightness decreased over the following 36 days by 3 magnitudes as it gradually faded from sight. The light curve saw two maxima a few months after the outburst, along with strong oscillations. Today its brightness is visual magnitude 15.5.

This is a close binary star system consisting of a white dwarf with 93% of the Sun's mass – the source for the nova explosion – and a lower mass red dwarf companion from which the white dwarf is accreting matter. The system is located approximately 4,500 light years from the Sun based on parallax, with its visual magnitude being diminished by an extinction of  due to interstellar dust. Observations of this system showed a sinusoidal variation in luminosity with a period of , which is likely the orbital period for the pair. This oscillation may be caused by irradiation of the companion star by the white dwarf.

References 

Novae
Gemini (constellation)
050480
Geminorum, DN
1912 in science
The reformation movement in Kerala refers to a socio-cultural shift that began in the late 19th century, resulting in significant transformations in the social fabric of the southern Indian state of Kerala.

Background
The foundations of social change in Kerala can be traced back to the 16th century. The emergence of the Bhakti movement and the development of the modern Malayalam language and the influence of figures like Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan led to the breaking of Brahmin dominance over literature and knowledge.

The arrival of European powers, including the Portuguese, Dutch, and English, played a significant role as catalysts for these changes. The arrival of missionaries from Europe contributed to the establishment of educational institutions in Kerala.

Unlike the four-fold varna division seen in other parts of India, Kerala's social hierarchy was based on caste. The Malayali Brahmins occupied the top priestly class, while the Samantha Kshatriya and Nair communities constituted the upper military and ruling classes. Apart from the Hindu Brahmins and Nairs, as well as the Christians and Muslims, all other castes, ranging from Ezhavas to Pulayas were considered lower castes. These castes had to abide untouchability and ritualistic pollution norms enforced by the upper caste Brahmins and Nairs.

The political landscape of Kerala underwent significant changes with the establishment of centralized monarchies in Travancore and Cochin, leading to the decline of the feudal order. The Mysorean invasion of Kerala (1766–1792) further disrupted the existing caste hierarchy. Although the Mysoreans attempted to establish an Islamic state in Malabar, their advances were ultimately thwarted by the British.

In contrast to northern India, the reformation in Kerala was driven by the lower castes. Prominent reformist leaders such as Narayana Guru and Ayyankali hailed from castes that were deemed lower in the social hierarchy of 19th century Kerala. Consequently, leaders like Guru and Ayyankali focused on the abolition of the caste system rather than its reformation.

Leaders
Prominent leaders of Kerala reformation include :

 Narayana Guru
 Chattampi Swamikal
 Ayyankali 
 Sahodaran Ayyappan
 Padmanabhan Palpu
 Kumaran Asan
 Mannath Padmanabhan
 Ayyathan Gopalan
 Brahmananda Swami Sivayogi
 Vagbhatananda
 Nitya Chaitanya Yati
 Nataraja Guru
 VT Bhattathiripad
 Kuriakose Elias Chavara
 C. V. Kunhiraman
 Sayyid Sanaullah Makti Tangal
 Vakkom Moulavi

See also
Caste system in Kerala

References

 R.Ponnu, Sri Vaikunda Swamigal and the struggle for Social Equality in South India, Madurai, 2000.

Anti-caste movements
Social history of Kerala
Giyanoo Mal also known as Giyanchand Essrani is a Pakistani politician who had been a Member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh from August 2018 till August 2023.

Early life 
He was born on 1 January 1960.

Political career

He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of Sindh as a candidate of Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) on reserved seat for minorities in 2013 Pakistani general election.

He was re-elected to Provincial Assembly of Sindh as a candidate of PPP from Constituency PS-81 (Jamshoro-II) in 2018 Pakistani general election.

On 5 August 2021, he was induced into the cabinet of Government of Sindh as Proviniclal Minister for Minorities Affairs.

References

Living people
Sindh MPAs 2013–2018
Pakistan People's Party MPAs (Sindh)
1960 births
Sindh MPAs 2018–2023
English v Sanderson Blinds Ltd [2008] EWCA Civ 1421 is a UK labour law case on the question of whether a person can claim discrimination for sexuality without being (or without revealing that one is) actually gay. The Court of Appeal decided that it was irrelevant whether someone was gay or not or the bullies believe the person is gay or not, if the harassment has sexuality as its focus.

Facts
Stephen English, who lived in Brighton, was a heterosexual married man with three children who worked for Thomas Sanderson Ltd between 1996 and August 2005, when he left voluntarily. He went to an Employment Tribunal, claiming harassment in the workplace under section 5 of the Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003, alleging that he had been the subject of homophobic mockery, but the tribunal rejected his claim because he admitted that none of his work colleagues had actually thought he was gay. He was represented by Frederic Reynold QC.

Judgment

Employment Appeal Tribunal
At the Employment Appeal Tribunal, Peter-Clark J held he was not persuaded any material difference existed between the "on grounds" provisions in the Sex Discrimination Act and the Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003. He held the Regulations do not properly implement the Directive (at 21), as was held by Burton J in EOC v. SS for Trade and Industry [2007] IRLR 327. So people should be allowed to claim even when they are not themselves gay.

However, he then said that the claimant’s difficulty was that nobody thought he was gay (at 23), so that the harassment was not on grounds of sexual orientation at all. It was a ‘vehicle for teasing the Claimant’ (at 24). He then said ‘without deciding the point, that the result may have been different on direct application of the Directive’.

Court of Appeal
The Court of Appeal by a majority applied the Directive directly, overturning the EAT's decision. Laws LJ gave the first judgment, and dissented, saying there was no harassment under regulation 5. Sedley LJ found that there was harassment,

Lawrence Collins LJ agreed with Sedley LJ, and said there was harassment.

See also
Employment discrimination law in the UK

Notes

External links
Sanderson Blinds' website
Afua Hirsch, 'Landmark rulings strengthen gay rights in workplace' (20.12.2008) The Guardian

United Kingdom labour case law
United Kingdom LGBT rights case law
Court of Appeal (England and Wales) cases
2008 in United Kingdom case law
2008 in LGBT history
Anti-discrimination case law in the United Kingdom
Harassment case law
Truagh (; ) is a barony in County Monaghan, Ireland.

Etymology
Trough is known in Irish as An Triúcha (Old Irish trícha cét, "cantred").

Location

Trough is found in north County Monaghan, south of the Ulster Blackwater.

Trough barony is bordered to the south by Monaghan, County Monaghan; to the northwest by Clogher, County Tyrone; and to the northeast by Lower Dungannon, County Tyrone.

History
The Mac Kenna were chiefs of Trough. O'Clerkin is also noted here.

List of settlements

Below is a list of settlements in Trough barony:
Emyvale
Glaslough

References

Baronies of County Monaghan
"Looking Up" is a 2015 song by English musician Elton John, written by John and Bernie Taupin. It was released on 22 October 2015 as the first single for his 30th studio album Wonderful Crazy Night.

Background
John had simple instructions for Taupin, telling Rolling Stone, "I just said that I even wanted the slow songs to be optimistic. I wanted to make a happy record. 'Joyous' was the word I chose. Not happy, joyous. I said I want it to feel joyous from beginning to end, and even the slow songs should be joyous."

Music
"Looking Up" is written in A major and is an upbeat rock song with a positive vibe meant to bring light to balance out the darkness present in the world today.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

 

2015 songs
Elton John songs
Songs with lyrics by Bernie Taupin
Songs with music by Elton John
Khosrowabad () in Selseleh County may refer to:

Khosrowabad (33°47′ N 48°16′ E), Selseleh
Saint Adalbert may refer to:

St. Adalbert of Prague (c. 956–997), Bishop of Prague, martyred in his effort to convert the Baltic Prussians to Christianity
St. Adalbert of Magdeburg (c. 910–981), known as the "Apostle of the Slavs", the first Archbishop of Magdeburg
St. Adalbert of Egmond, or "Adelbert of Egmond" (died in the first half of the 8th century AD), Northumbrian Anglo-Saxon missionary
St. Adalbard (Adalbert I of Ostrevent, died 652), founder of Marchiennes Abbey and husband of St. Rictrude
Saint-Adalbert, Quebec, a municipality in Quebec, Canada
Basilica of St. Adalbert (Grand Rapids, Michigan)

See also 
 Adalbert
Screamin' 'n' Bleedin' is the second album by British heavy metal band Angel Witch. The album was released in 1985 through Killerwatt Records. Even though this is the second release of the band, it is the first release with the new line-up of 1984, after  the split-up in 1981.

Track listing

In 2004, the album was re-issued by Archaic Temple Productions and included three live bonus tracks and new cover art.

Personnel
Angel Witch
David Tattum - lead vocals
Kevin Heybourne - guitars, backing vocals
Peter Gordelier - bass
Dave Hogg - drums

Production
Les Hunt - producer, engineer
Eddie Stevens - executive producer

References

1985 albums
Angel Witch albums