Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Louis J. Wilde (July 16, 1865 – April 18, 1924) was an American banker and Republican politician  from California. Wilde was born in Iowa City, Iowa in 1865.  After living in Rochester, NY, Philadelphia, and St. Paul, Minnesota, he moved to San Diego in 1903.

He intended to spend only a winter in San Diego, but liked it so well that he stayed and went into the real estate and banking businesses.  In San Diego he organized four banks, built the city's first modern apartment house, built the Pickwick Theatre, raised money to complete unfinished U. S. Grant Hotel, and in 1914 successfully argued for renaming D Street to Broadway.

He served as mayor of San Diego during 1917–1921. The 1917 race was a classic growth-vs.-beautification debate. Wilde argued for more business development; his opponent, department store owner George Marston, argued for better city planning with more open space and grand boulevards. Wilde called Marston "Geranium George", painting him as unfriendly to business. Wilde's campaign slogan was "More Smokestacks", and during the campaign he drew a great smokestack belching smoke on a truck through the city streets. The phrase "smokestacks vs. geraniums" is still used in San Diego to characterize this type of debate. Wilde won, with the support of unions and business, and was re-elected two years later,.

As mayor, Wilde was outspoken and not afraid to say what he thought, and had a sense of humor.  Whenever he spoke, he drew crowds.  During a council meeting in 1920 he grabbed a gavel and lunged at a councilman, scolding him for berating a reporter, and mashed his own finger and injured his leg.  After that date he refused to enter city hall. He conducted business through a messenger from the U. S. Grant Hotel.

In 1920 Wilde organized the Community Oil Well Company to drill for oil in San Diego County.
No oil was found, and the San Diego Sun's investigation accused the venture of improper spending.

Wilde decided to not run for a third term in 1921, under a cloud of scandal. He left town and moved to Los Angeles, where he died in 1924.

Wilde had two children (Donald Wilde and Richard Edward Wilde, Sr.) by his first wife, Mamie Shaffer and two children (John D. Wilde, Sr. (Jack)and Lucile Wilde) by his second wife, Frances O'Brien.

Quotes
Remember, that this is a fight to the last ditch for the wage earner, against big interests, high taxes, bond issues and expensive parks and flowers along millionaire row, against big expenditures for the pleasure of a few smug plutocrats. [Arguing for the laborer's vote against Marston in the 1917 election]

References

Mayors of San Diego
1865 births
1926 deaths
California Republicans
Sodium laureth sulfate (SLES), an accepted contraction of sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), also called sodium alkylethersulfate, is an anionic detergent and surfactant found in many personal care products (soaps, shampoos, toothpaste, etc.) and for industrial uses. SLES is an inexpensive and very effective foaming agent. SLES, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS), and sodium pareth sulfate are surfactants that are used in many cosmetic products for their cleaning and emulsifying properties. It is derived from palm kernel oil or coconut oil. In herbicides, it is used as a surfactant to improve absorption of the herbicidal chemicals and reduces time the product takes to be rainfast, when enough of the herbicidal agent will be absorbed.

Its chemical formula is . Sometimes the number represented by n is specified in the name, for example laureth-2 sulfate. The product is heterogeneous in the number of ethoxyl groups, where n is the mean. Laureth-3 sulfate is the most common one in commercial products.

Production 
SLES is prepared by ethoxylation of dodecyl alcohol, which is produced industrially from palm kernel oil or coconut oil. The resulting ethoxylate is converted to a half ester of sulfuric acid, which is neutralized by conversion to the sodium salt. The related surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (also known as sodium dodecyl sulfate or SDS) is produced similarly, but without the ethoxylation step. SLS and ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS) are commonly used alternatives to SLES in consumer products.

Safety 
Tests in the US indicate that it is safe for consumer use. The Australian government's Department of Health and Ageing and its National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS) have determined that SLES does not react with DNA.

Irritation 
Like many other detergents, SLES is an irritant. It has been shown that SLES causes eye or skin irritation in experiments conducted on animals and humans. The related surfactant SLS is also a known irritant.

1,4-Dioxane contamination 
Products containing SLES can be contaminated with (up to 300 ppm) of 1,4-dioxane, a by-product of SLES production. 1,4-Dioxane is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a Group 2B carcinogen: possibly carcinogenic to humans. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends that these levels be monitored, and encourages manufacturers to remove 1,4-dioxane, though it is not required by federal law.

See also 
 Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate
 Sodium dodecyl sulfate
 Sodium myreth sulfate
 Sodium pareth sulfate
 Magnesium laureth sulfate
 Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate
 1,4-Dioxane, a common impurity of SLES

References

External links 
 

Cosmetics chemicals
Ethers
Household chemicals
Organic sodium salts
Anionic surfactants
Sulfate esters
Charles Martin Hardie (16 March 1858 – 3 September 1916) was a Scottish artist and portrait painter.

Born in East Linton in East Lothian in Scotland, the son of Mary née Martin (1817–1901) and John Hardie (1820–1870), a Master Carpenter, Charles Martin Hardie initially joined the family business working as a carpenter; however, being related by marriage to the artist John Pettie persuaded him to train as an artist at the Trustees' Academy in Edinburgh. Throughout his career he specialised in portraits of Robert Burns and Sir Walter Scott in imaginary historical scenes and in paintings of Scottish country life which frequently have a strong narrative theme. Working in oils and watercolour, Hardie painted portraits, landscapes and genre and historical scenes. He maintained a studio in Picardy Place in Edinburgh.

In about 1889 he married Mary née Lewis (1871–1898) and with her had two children: Lewis Hardie (1890–1891) and Constance Valerie Martin Hardie (1892–1977). He divorced her in 1895 after she ran off with an actor following which he married Margaret Somerville née Smart (1873–).

Hardie was elected an Associate of the Royal Scottish Academy (ARSA) in 1886 and a member of the Royal Scottish Academy (RSA) in 1895. He exhibited at: the Royal Academy; the Royal Scottish Academy; the Royal Hibernian Academy; the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours; the Royal Glasgow Institute of Fine Arts and the Aberdeen Artists’ Society.

At least eight of his artworks are in the collection of the National Galleries of Scotland His portrait of Julius Drewe hangs in Castle Drogo in Devon.

Charles Martin Hardie died in Edinburgh in 1916 aged 58.

References

External links
Charles Martin Hardie on Art UK
Artworks by Charles Martin Hardie - The Athenaeum

1858 births
1916 deaths
Alumni of the Edinburgh College of Art
20th-century Scottish painters
Scottish male painters
Scottish landscape painters
Artists from Edinburgh
People from East Linton
Royal Scottish Academicians
20th-century Scottish male artists
Peter Mamawag Unabia, known locally as Sr. Pedro, is a Filipino businessman and politician who currently serves as governor of Misamis Oriental since 2022. He previously served as a representative for Misamis Oriental's first congressional district and a vice mayor of the city of Gingoog.

Career
Prior to his entry into politics, he worked as a detail man at Unilab. After leaving the company, he established the Cagayan de Oro branch of the Malaybalay-based Lechon Manok ni Sr. Pedro, a business owned by his brother named after the popular Visayan radio drama program "Ang Manok ni San Pedro" of Julian "Teban" Daan.

References

21st-century Filipino politicians
Living people
The Copper Country Limited was a passenger train operated by the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (the "Milwaukee Road") and the Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railway (DSS&A) between Chicago, Illinois and Calumet, Michigan, in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. It operated from 1907 to 1968.

History

According to historian Jim Scribbins the name "Copper Country Limited" was first used in March 1907 to describe an existing Chicago–Champion, Michigan–Calumet service which had run since 1899. The DSS&A handled the train north of Champion. The train operated overnight in both directions.

With the arrival of the Chippewa-Hiawatha on the Milwaukee Division during May 1938, the Copper Country Limited took a back seat on the Milwaukee Road's trains to Upper Michigan. During 1958, the through Sault Ste. Marie sleeper was discontinued entirely after several cutbacks leaving only the sleeper to Calumet. As ridership continued to slide the Milwaukee offered the sleeper only three days a week beginning in the spring of 1964. During its final years, the Copper Country carried only a few cars. Its existence persisted almost entirely because of the lucrative U.S. mail contracts that kept many similar trains running across the country. The Copper Country Limited lost its mail car in October 1967. With little reason to keep it and few riders remaining, the train made its last runs on March 7, 1968.

Timetable
The summer of 1967 timetable shows the northbound Copper Country Limited leaving Chicago at 7:25 p.m., arriving at Milwaukee at 8:50 p.m., leaving Milwaukee at 9:20 p.m, stopping at Green Bay from 12:20 a.m. to 12:55 a.m. and arriving at Champion, Michigan at 6:45 a.m. On Soo Line Railroad tracks, the Copper Country Limited left Champion at 7:20 a.m. and arrived in Calumet, Mich. at 10:05 a.m. The train made 31 stops in the 424 miles between Chicago and Calumet. The southbound Copper Country Limited left Calumet at 5 p.m., stopped at Champion from 7:40 to 7:50 p.m., Green Bay from 1:15 to 1:45 a.m., Milwaukee from 5:15 to 6:05 a.m. and arrived at Chicago at 7:45 a.m. The route had 31 stops between Calumet and Chicago.

Equipment
In steam days, the Copper Country Limited was hauled by non-streamlined Pacific 4-6-2 steam locomotives.  In 1952, diesel locomotives took over and classes included EMD FP7, EMD E7A and EMD E9.

References

External links
 The Copper Country Limited at Calumet in 1966
 More photos of the Copper Country Limited

Passenger trains of the Milwaukee Road
Railway services introduced in 1907
Railway services discontinued in 1968
Soo Line Railroad
Rudolf Andreas Zippel (; 1813–1894) was a Lutheran priest from East Prussia. He is best remembered as the editor of the first "true" Lithuanian periodical Lietuvininkų prietelis published in 1849.

Biography

Zippel was born on 30 November 1813 to a family of Lutheran priest in Kallningken (now  in Šilutė District Municipality). After graduating from the  in 1833, he enrolled into the University of Königsberg where, among other things, he studied the Lithuanian language in a seminar led by Ludwig Rhesa. After completing his theology studies, he was ordained as a priest on 16 May 1841.

Zippel was first assigned as adjunct priest to Deutsch Crottingen (Kretingalė). He married in February 1845, but their only daughter died at just nine months in September 1847. In 1846–1849, Zippel worked as the second priest of the Lithuanian parish in Memel (Klaipėda). During the German revolutions of 1848–1849, many activists published various political proclamations. On 5 April 1849, Zippel published the first issue of his Lithuanian-language weekly newspaper Lietuvininkų prietelis. It was a political newspaper which reported on European news. Its circulation was probably less than 200 copies. Zippel supported the revolutions and the new Constitution of Prussia which guaranteed some freedoms. The newspaper ceased publication in December 1849 when Zippel was assigned to Darkehmen (Ozyorsk) much further south where there were very few Lithuanian-speaking residents. Lithuanian researchers believe that the reassignment was politically motivated to force the newspaper to close.

He collected words and other lexicographical data for the Lithuanian dictionaries by linguists Georg Heinrich Ferdinand Nesselmann (published in 1850) and Friedrich Kurschat (published in 1870, 1874, and 1883). He also assisted Karl Leopold Friedrich Neiss with the preparation of a collection of religious sermons published in 1856. Zippel was promoted to superintendent in 1861.

Zippel worked as a priest in Darkehmen until 1868 when he retired from priestly duties due to a throat ailment. He then returned to present-day Lithuania and lived in Gropischken (), Prökuls (Priekulė), and Drucken (). He died in Drucken on 19 February 1894. He was buried near the Lutheran church of Prökuls which was destroyed by the Soviet authorities after World War II. Therefore, Zippel's grave has not survived.

References

1813 births
1894 deaths
People from Šilutė District Municipality
People from East Prussia
Lithuanian Lutheran clergy
Lithuanian newspaper editors
19th-century Lutheran clergy
Lithuania Minor
University of Königsberg alumni
was a Japanese manga artist.

Biography
Katsumata was born in Kahoku, Miyagi Prefecture in 1943. His father was married to another woman, so he grew up as an illegitimate child only with his mother. He has never met his father. At an early age his mother died and his older sister took care after him.

He graduated from Tokyo University of Education with a degree in physics. He also studied nuclear physics at its postgraduate school.
He debuted in 1966 in the alternative manga magazine Garo. He was mainly active as a four panel comic artist, though he has made a series of short stories too. In 2006 won the 35th Japan Cartoonists Association Award Grand prize of 500,000 yen for Red Snow. This book is a collection of short stories, that all together form a somewhat coherent setting. The main character is a young boy or early teenager without any sexual experiences yet, growing up with older women. Most stories feature promiscuous behavior, adultery, domestic violence, prostitution, rape in a setting of the countryside suffering from the poor economic situations like was the post WWII situation in Japan. The older men in the stories are often repressive towards the female characters, while the main character takes the side of the women.

After the Japanese publication the French publisher Éditions Cornélius started working on a translation, but Katsumata never saw the result. Katsumata died of melanoma in Ōta, Tokyo on December 3, 2007, at the age of 63. He is survived by at least one son, Daichi. Drawn & Quarterly published the book in English in 2009 with an additional interview and short biography included in the book to introduce the author to the English reading audience.

In 2018 a second book was published in English, Fukushima Devil Fish. Again a collection of short stories.

His short stories are stylistic and in topics very similar to that of Tadao Tsuge, Yoshiharu Tsuge and Yoshihiro Tatsumi.

Bibliography
Red Snow, Drawn & Quarterly, 2009
Fukushima Devil Fish, Breakdown Press, 2018

References

External links
  Obituary at the Japanese Cartoonists Association 

Manga artists from Miyagi Prefecture
2007 deaths
1943 births
Egypt competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. 89 competitors, 74 men and 15 women, took part in 64 events in 20 sports.

Archery

In Egypt's debut archery competition, the nation entered only one man.  He lost his first match.

Athletics

Men
Track and road events

Field events

Boxing

Cycling

Road Cycling

Equestrianism

Jumping

Fencing

Five fencers, three men and two women, represented Egypt in 2000.

Gymnastics

Men

Handball

Summary

The following players represented Egypt:

 Ahmed Belal
 Amro El-Geioushy
 Ashraf Mabrouk Awaad
 Ayman El-Alfy
 Hany El-Fakharany
 Hazem Awaad
 Saber Hussein
 Hussain Said
 Hussain Zaky
 Magdy Abou El-Magd
 Mohamed Bakir El-Nakib
 Gohar Al-Nil
 Sherif Moemen
 Marwan Ragab
 Mohamed Sharaf El-Din

Group play

Quarterfinal

5th-8th place classification match

7th place match

Judo

Men

Women

Modern pentathlon

Rhythmic gymnastics

Individual all-around

Rowing

Men

Shooting

Men

Women

Swimming

Men

Women

Synchronized swimming

Women's Duet
 Heba Abdel Gawad and Sara Abdel Gawad
 Technical Routine – 29.727

Table Tennis

Men

Women

Taekwondo

Volleyball

Indoor 

Summary

Men

Team Roster
Mohamed Mouselhy
Mahmoud Abdul El Aziz
Ashraf Abou El Hassan
Eslam Awad
Mohamed El Houseny
Hamdy El Safy
Ibrahim Fathy
Sayed Khalil
Ussama Komsan
Hany Mouselhy
Ibrahim Rashwan
Nehad Shehata

Group play

Weightlifting

Wrestling

Greco-Roman

Notes

Wallechinsky, David (2004). The Complete Book of the Summer Olympics (Athens 2004 Edition). Toronto, Canada. . 
International Olympic Committee (2001). The Results. Retrieved 12 November 2005.
Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games (2001). Official Report of the XXVII Olympiad Volume 1: Preparing for the Games. Retrieved 20 November 2005.
Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games (2001). Official Report of the XXVII Olympiad Volume 2: Celebrating the Games. Retrieved 20 November 2005.
Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games (2001). The Results. Retrieved 20 November 2005.
International Olympic Committee Web Site

References

Nations at the 2000 Summer Olympics
2000 Summer Olympics
Olympics
Al-Qasim al-Ma'mun ibn Hammud () was an Arab Caliph of Córdoba in Muslim Spain for two periods, 1018 to 1021, and again for a short time in 1023. He hailed from the Banu Khazraj tribe.

This was during a short period when the caliphate was held by the Hammudid dynasty.

References

Hammudid caliphs of Córdoba
11th-century caliphs of Córdoba
11th-century Arab people
Year of birth unknown
Place of birth unknown
11th-century deaths
Javal's rule is a mathematical formula used to estimate astigmatism based on keratometry readings. The estimate is useful for high cylinder measures, generally over -2.00 diopters.
The estimate is found by multiplying the difference in power between the two meridians by 1.25 and factoring in the average lenticular astigmatism, which is -0.50 x 090.

References

Ophthalmology
Optometry
Roberta Lucca (born 1978) is a Brazilian entrepreneur, and the co-founder and marketer-in-chief of the British game developer Bossa Studios. The company has won a BAFTA and raised $11.4 million in 2017.

Early life and education
Lucca was born in 1978 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. She studied computer science at PUC University in Rio de Janeiro and has two MBAs in management and marketing. She worked in product and innovation with companies such as Globo TV and Vertu/Nokia.

Career
Lucca was the co-founder of WonderLuk, an online fashion marketplace that sold on demand 3D printed fashion accessories and jewellery until 2017. She was a co-founder of BOLDR, an AI assisted advisor that aims to help you become more self confident. She's also a co-founder of Bossa Studios, a video games developer and publisher. The company raised $11,4 million dollars in 2017. Lucca was on the BBC Girls Can Code, Disney's Minnie Challenge TV's programs.

Bossa Studios is a games development studio creators of titles such as Worlds Adrift, Monstermind, Surgeon Simulator, and I Am Bread, with its headquarters in London

Awards 
 BAFTA award for Bossa Studios. 
Forbes top 50 women in Tech.
 Voted Top 35 Women under 35 by Management Today.
  Top 30 Women in Games 
 everywoman's Entrepreneur of the Year finalist 
 UK Top 100 Influential People in Video Games

References

External links 
 

Living people
1978 births
Date of birth missing (living people)
British people of Brazilian descent
British company founders
Flint is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Austin Flint (1812–1886), American physician
 Austin Flint (1836–1915, American physician
 Bob Flint (born 1941), American/Hawaiian ceramicist
 Bruiser Flint (born 1968), American basketball coach
 Caroline Flint (born 1961), British Member of Parliament for the Don Valley
 Charles Ranlett Flint (1850–1934), American merchant and banker
 Derrick Flint (1924–2018), English cricketer
 Douglas Flint (born 1955), British banking businessman currently the Group Chairman of HSBC Holdings
 Edwin Flint (1814-1891), American politician
 Eric Flint (1947–2022), American science fiction and fantasy author and editor
 F. S. Flint (1885-1960), English poet
 George Flint (American football) (born 1939), American football player
 George Washington Flint (1844–1921), American educator and college president 
Henry Flynt (born 1940), American avantgarde musician
 James Flint (disambiguation), multiple people
 Jeremy Flint (1928–1989), English contract bridge player
 Jon Flint (Jonathan A. Flint), American venture capitalist and entrepreneur
 Josh Flint (born 2000), English footballer
 Joshua Barker Flint (1801–1864), American surgeon and professor of medicine
 Judson Flint (1957–2018), American football player
 Katja Flint (born 1960), German actress
 Keith Flint (1969–2019), member of the British band The Prodigy
 Kenneth C. Flint, American fantasy novelist
 Larry Flynt (1942–2021), American magazine publisher (commonly misspelled "Flint")
 Paul Flint, (born 1987), British Tattoo Artist and skateboarder 
 Richard Foster Flint (1902–1976), American geologist
 Robert Flint (1838–1910), Scottish theologian and philosopher
 Rockwell  J. Flint (1842-1933), American politician
 Roland Flint (1934-2001), American poet
 Valerie Flint (1936-2009), British historian
 Waldo Flint (1820-1900), American politician
 William Russell Flint (1880–1969), Scottish artist

Fictional characters:
 Derek Flint, the title character of Our Man Flint (1966) and In Like Flint (1967), a "hipster spy" played by James Coburn
 Marcus Flint, character in the Harry Potter series

English-language surnames
The Vaught House (also known as the Nicholson House) is a historic residence in Huntsville, Alabama.  It was built in 1900 in what was then the East Huntsville Addition, a suburb made up primarily of company houses for nearby cotton mills.  Its Victorian architecture style set it apart from its more modest bungalow neighbors.  The house has an irregular plan, and its hipped roof features several dormers and gables.  Centered on the façade is a single-story pedimented portico leading to the main entrance, and above it is a small pedimented balcony accessed from the upstairs bedroom.  Both pediments are decorated with jigsawed designs.  Both doors on the front feature rectangular transoms.  A curved porch runs from the main portico around the southwest corner of the house; it originally featured Stick-Eastlake style frieze and balustrade, but was later replaced with a solid frieze and closely spaced rectangular balusters.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.  It is included in the Five Points Historic District, which was listed on the National Register in 2012.

References

National Register of Historic Places in Huntsville, Alabama
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Alabama
Victorian architecture in Alabama
Houses completed in 1900
Houses in Huntsville, Alabama
Historic district contributing properties in Alabama
D'Amours is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jacques D'Amours (born 1956/57), Canadian billionaire businessman
Jean-Claude D'Amours (born 1972), Canadian politician
Norman D'Amours (born 1937), member of the United States House of Representatives from New Hampshire

See also
 Amour (disambiguation)
 D'Amour (surname)
This is a list of mayors of Munich since 1818.

Kingdom of Bavaria

Free State of Bavaria

See also
Munich
 Timeline of Munich

 
Munich
mayors