Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
β-Hydride elimination is a reaction in which an alkyl group bonded to a metal centre is converted into the corresponding metal-bonded hydride and an alkene. The alkyl must have hydrogens on the β-carbon. For instance butyl groups can undergo this reaction but methyl groups cannot. The metal complex must have an empty (or vacant) site cis to the alkyl group for this reaction to occur.  Moreover, for facile cleavage of the C–H bond, a d electron pair is needed for donation into the σ* orbital of the C–H bond.  Thus, d0 metals alkyls are generally more stable to β-hydride elimination than d2 and higher metal alkyls and may form isolable agostic complexes, even if an empty coordination site is available.

The β-hydride elimination can either be a vital step in a reaction or an unproductive side reaction. The Shell higher olefin process relies on β-hydride elimination to produce α-olefins which are used to  produce detergents. Illustrative of a sometimes undesirable β-hydride elimination, β-hydride elimination in Ziegler–Natta polymerization results in polymers of decreased molecular weight. In the case of nickel- and palladium-catalyzed couplings of aryl halides with alkyl Grignard reagents, the β-hydride elimination can lower the yield. The production of branched polymers from ethylene relies on chain walking, a key step of which is β-hydride elimination.

In some cases, β-hydride elimination is the first in a series of steps. For instance in the synthesis of RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)3 from ruthenium trichloride, triphenylphosphine and 2-methoxyethanol, an intermediate alkoxide complex undergoes a β-hydride elimination to form the hydride ligand and the pi-bonded aldehyde which then is later converted into the carbonyl (carbon monoxide) ligand.

Avoiding β-hydride elimination
Several strategies exist for avoiding β-hydride elimination. The most common strategy is to employ alkyl ligands that do not have any hydrogen atoms at the β position. Common substituents include methyl and neopentyl. β-Hydride elimination is also inhibited when the reaction would produce a strained alkene. This situation is illustrated by the stability of metal complexes containing norbornyl ligands, where the β-hydride elimination product would violate Bredt's rule.

Bulky alkyl ligands, such as tert-butyl or trimethylsilyl, may prohibit the hydrogen atom from approaching a coplanar configuration with respect to the metal, and the α and β atoms. If the metal center does not have empty coordination sites, for example by the complex already having an 18-electron configuration, β-hydride elimination is not possible as well.

In some cases, the coligands can impose geometries that inhibit β-hydride elimination. For the above example, the unwanted β-hydride elimination is prevented by using a diphosphine where the two phosphorus atoms are fixed apart in space. One way of doing this is to use a trans spanning ligand such as Xantphos. As these metal complexes traditionally form square planar geometries, no vacant site cis to the alkyl group can be formed. Hence the β-hydride elimination is prevented. (See trans-spanning ligand.)

References

Organometallic chemistry
The Gribovsky G-27 () was a light, economical, twin engined, multi-role aircraft built in the USSR in 1938-9. It did not reach production.

Design and development
The G-27 was the only Gribovsky design with more than one engine. It was a wooden  multi-purpose monoplane, intended to provide training in navigation and photo-reconnaissance for its crew of three as well as filling light transport and air ambulance rôles.  In plan its wing had a rectangular centre section and straight tapered, two spar outer panels with rounded tips. The outer panels carried slotted ailerons and the centre section pneumatically operated split flaps.

The G-27's twin  Shvetsov M-11 five cylinder radial engines were mounted at the outer ends of the centre section, with their cylinders projecting for cooling and driving twin blade propellers. The main legs of the tailwheel undercarriage were under the engines. On the first flight the legs were fixed and enclosed with trouser fairings but during development the fairings were removed and later retractable legs were introduced. Skis could be substituted for the wheels for winter use. The G-27 had a fixed tailwheel positioned ahead of the empennage.

Its fuselage was a narrow wooden monocoque which tapered rapidly over its rearmost 30%.  From the nose to the start of taper there were three sections of multi-piece glazing beginning with the blunt, deep nose followed by separate upper glazing between the nose and cockpit.  The latter was glazed in two continuous parts which ran smoothly into the rear upper fuselage. The nose region was occupied by the navigator, who also served as front gunner and bomb aimer; light bombs could be carried under the wing centre section.  The G-27 was routinely flown from the front cockpit; it could also be piloted from the rear one, though forward visibility was not good. Usually it was occupied by the radio operator/observer.

The G-27's empennage was conventional.  A parabolic vertical tail, with a trim tab equipped balanced rudder, reached aft to the extreme fuselage. A small gap between fuselage and the bottom of the rudder allowed upward deflections of the balanced, tabbed elevators mounted on a tailplane with a strongly swept leading edge, positioned at mid-fuselage height.

Design of the G-27 began in 1938 and the aircraft made its first flight the following year, piloted by N.D. Fedoseev. In 1941 the original M-11 engines were replaced with the developed and much more powerful M-11 Ye variant, which produced .  The upgrade only improved the maximum speed by 4%, but the ceiling was raised by 25% and the useful load by about 50%. Despite its promise, the G-27 did not go into production, priority being given to the Gribovsky G-29 (G-11) assault glider.

Specifications (M-11 engines)

References

1930s Soviet military aircraft
G-27
Aircraft first flown in 1939
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Ravine de la Grande Chaloupe Important Bird Area  is an 825 ha tract of land on the island of Réunion, a French territory in the western Indian Ocean.

Description
The IBA lies on the coast at the north-western end of the island, between the capital of Saint-Denis and the commune of La Possession. It encompasses the steep-sided valley that contains the village of La Grande Chaloupe at its mouth, along with the mouth of Ravine à Jacques nearby. Habitats include one of the last remnants of the island's native lowland forest, as well as secondary grassland and thickets of introduced vegetation, with some coastal cliffs and rocky shoreline. About 40% of the site is protected in the Grande Chaloupe Littoral Conservation Area.

Birds
The site has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because it supports populations of Réunion harriers, Mascarene swiftlets, Mascarene paradise flycatchers, Réunion bulbuls, Mascarene white-eyes, Réunion olive white-eyes and Réunion stonechats.

References

Important Bird Areas of Réunion
Saint-Denis, Réunion
Uranophora quadristrigata is a moth in the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by George Hampson in 1898. It is found on Saint Lucia and Dominica in the West Indies.

References

Moths described in 1898
Euchromiina
Rainbow Ridge () is a small ridge which forms a distinct western rim to the large crater-like depression high in the central part of Brown Peninsula, in Victoria Land in Antarctica. Given this geologically descriptive name by the New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC), it arose from investigations by the New Zealand Geological Survey and the Victoria University Expedition in 1964–65. The top of the ridge has been planed off by subsequent glaciation and the resultant surface exposes two basalt "pipes" (Nubian Formation) within the trachyte. These have altered the trachyte at their margins to various shades of brown, hence the name of the ridge.

Ridges of Victoria Land
Scott Coast
Clarence Seaman Howell (2 April 1881, New York City – 27 October 1936) was an American chess master.

He took 4th at Buffalo 1901 (Harry Pillsbury won), and played in several cable matches USA vs. England (1901, 1902, 1903, 1907, 1908) and Brooklyn CC vs. Chicago CC (1905) and vs. Rice CC (1909). He won at Trenton Falls 1908 (quadrangular), won the New York State Chess Championship in 1909, and won ahead of Juan Corzo at Havana 1917 (triangular).

His name is attached to the Howell Attack in the Ruy Lopez, Open (1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. OO Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. Qe2).

References

External links
 Chessgames.com
 Chessmetrics.com

1881 births
1936 deaths
American chess players
Sportspeople from New York City
SomTV is the fibre optic television offer in Andorra distributed by the sole operator, Andorra Telecom.

It offers free Spanish and French channels as well as the Movistar Plus+ package.

Andorra Telecom is also in charge of broadcasting digital terrestrial television throughout the country.

Channel list
In addition to the basic package (Mini), it is possible to subscribe to the Movistar+ packages:

Movistar+ Selección
Cine
Several sport packs (Futbol, MotoGP, Golf and Formula 1)
Single channels (Mezzo, Playboy TV)
Movistar+ Total Plus: all Movistar+ channels

Cinema

Series

Children

Documentary

Music

Hunting and fishing

Catalan

Spanish

French

International

Information

Sport

Adulte

Sport multicanaux

References

Communications in Andorra
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Montería () is a diocese located in the city of Montería in the Ecclesiastical province of Cartagena in Colombia.

History
 20 November 1954: Established as Diocese of Montería from the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Cartagena and Apostolic Vicariate of San Jorge

Ordinaries
Rubén Isaza Restrepo (1956.11.04 – 1959.11.02) Appointed, Bishop of Ibagué
José de Jesús Pimiento Rodríguez (1959.12.30 – 1964.02.29) Appointed, Bishop of Garzón-Neiva; future Cardinal
Miguel Antonio Medina y Medina (1964.03.23 – 1972.05.20)
Samuel Silverio Buitrago Trujillo, C.M. (1972.12.18 – 1976.10.11) Appointed, Archbishop of Popayán
Carlos José Ruiseco Vieira (1977.03.28 – 1983.09.23) Appointed, Archbishop of Cartagena
Ramón Darío Molina Jaramillo, O.F.M. (1984.03.23 – 2001.01.19) Appointed, Bishop of Neiva
Julio César Vidal Ortiz (2001.10.31 – 2011.07.16) Appointed, Bishop of Cúcuta
Ramón Alberto Rolón Güepsa (2012.10.27 – present)

See also
Roman Catholicism in Colombia

Sources

External links
 Catholic Hierarchy
 GCatholic.org

Roman Catholic dioceses in Colombia
Roman Catholic Ecclesiastical Province of Cartagena
Christian organizations established in 1954
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century
Auchinleck Boswell Football Club was an association football club from Auchinleck, Ayrshire, Scotland.

History

Auchinleck Boswell was formed in 1877.  The club took its name from the Boswell family, which had held the lairdship of the village since 1504.

Boswell entered the Scottish Cup from 1878–79 until 1881–82.  It played four ties and lost them all, including a 7–1 home defeat to Cumnock in 1880–81, the latter side's first Scottish Cup win after five years of trying.

The club did gain a walkover against Kilmarnock Dean in its last entry, so played in the second round for the only time.  It suffered another 7–1 defeat, this time at Kilmarnock, although it startled the home fans by taking the lead inside five minutes, and holding onto it until almost half-time.  The kicking of one of the backs (Devlin) was praised for "being sure - never once missing - and much admired".

Boswell had a little more success in the Ayrshire Cup, beating Cumnock Bute 3–0 in its first match in the competition in 1878–79, but losing at Kilbirnie in the second.  Boswell entered the competition in the following three seasons, but lost twice and scratched once.  Its 13–0 defeat at Kilmarnock Athletic in the first round in 1881–82 was the club's last competitive match and in August 1882 the club was removed from the Scottish Football Association membership roll for not paying its subscription.

Colours

The club wore one-inch black and white hooped jerseys, white knickers, and black and white hooped hose.

Ground

The club's first ground was Darson Park, 10 minutes' walk from Auchinleck railway station.  In 1879 the club moved to Glenshamrock Holm.

External links

Scottish Cup results
Ayrshire Cup results

References

Defunct football clubs in Scotland
Association football clubs established in 1877
Association football clubs disestablished in 1882
1877 establishments in Scotland
1882 disestablishments in Scotland
Football in South Ayrshire
Nadson can refer to:

Alexander Nadson (1926–2015), Apostolic Visitor for the Belarusian Greek Catholic Church
Georgii Nadson (1867–1939), Soviet biologist
Semyon Nadson (1862–1887), Russian poet
Nádson (footballer, born 1982), full name Nádson Rodrigues de Souza, Brazilian footballer
Nadson (footballer, born 1984), full name José Nadson Ferreira, Brazilian footballer
Nádson (footballer, born 1989), full name Nádson da Silva Almeida, Brazilian footballer
Nádson (footballer, born 1992), full name Nádson Alves Viana, Brazilian footballer
Thomas Boteler may refer to:

Sir Thomas Boteler Church of England High School
Thomas Boteler (MP)
The molecular formula C21H25N (molar mass: 291.43 g/mol, exact mass: 291.1987 u) may refer to:

 L-687,384
 Terbinafine
 Melitracen

Molecular formulas
Bob Brocklebank (8 April 1908 – September 1981) was an English football player manager. He played for Aston Villa and Burnley, where he was top goalscorer in the 1937–38 season before becoming a manager, at Chesterfield, Birmingham City, Hull City and Bradford City.

Playing career
Brocklebank was born in Finchley, England as one of eight brothers. He started his football career as an amateur with his hometown team Finchley, in the London League. In May 1929 he signed for Aston Villa. His chances were limited at Villa Park, and he signed for Burnley during the 1935–36 season where he developed into an inside right earning the nickname The Toff because of his gentlemanly approach to life and football.

Brocklebank made 121 appearances for Burnley, scoring 33 goals. During the 1937–38 he was the club's top goalscorer with 14 goals. He continued to play at Burnley throughout the Second World War.

Managerial career
Brocklebank became Chesterfield manager in September 1945. He established the club in Division Two before he joined Birmingham City in February 1949. The club was relegated in 1949–50 into Division Two. Brocklebank began to rebuild the side but resigned in 1954 just six months before they were promoted back to the top flight.

He worked as a scout for West Bromwich Albion from October 1954 to March 1955 until he was appointed manager at Hull City. He again suffered relegation in his first full season as Hull finished bottom of Division Two in 1955–56. He took Hull back up three years later from the newly formed Division Three. Hull were relegated the following season. Brocklebank resigned in May 1961 because he was frustrated at being unable to guide them straight back up.

Instead he joined Bradford City to take over from Peter Jackson as manager. His reign at Valley Parade was topsy-turvy. He guided the club to fifth-place finishes in 1961–62 and 1963–64 but City had had to apply for re-election in the season between the promotion pushes. The club's directors extended Brocklebank's contract in July 1964 for another two years, but three months later, disillusioned by a poor start, Brocklebank resigned.

Death
He retired to Brixham where he died in September 1981, aged 73.

References

External links

Biography

1908 births
1981 deaths
People from Brixham
Footballers from Finchley
Aston Villa F.C. players
Birmingham City F.C. managers
Bradford City A.F.C. managers
Burnley F.C. players
Chesterfield F.C. managers
English football managers
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Hull City A.F.C. managers
John Lincoln Duffield (born 1939) is a British financier. He founded Jupiter Fund Management, one of the largest fund managers operating in London.

Career
The second son of physician and psychiatrist John Elwes Duffield (1910-2009) and his first wife, Jean Edwina (née Stellman), Duffield was educated at Harrow School and then took a degree in biochemistry at the University of Oxford. After this, he went into investment management and, having become manager of his wife's estates, moved to Switzerland as a tax exile.

He founded Jupiter Asset Management in 1985. After selling Jupiter Asset Management to Commerzbank, he founded New Star Asset Management in 2001.

Family
He was married to Vivien Clore but was divorced from her in 1976; they had one son and one daughter. Duffield owns the Marcham Farms estate at Peasemore, Berkshire.

References

External links
John Duffield's official website

1939 births
British financial businesspeople
People educated at Harrow School
Living people
Date of birth missing (living people)
Ron Kershaw (August 19, 1943 – July 3, 1988) was an American television news reporter. Kershaw was the news director in several U.S. markets, including New York City, Chicago and Baltimore.

Early life
Kershaw grew up in Hendersonville, North Carolina, and later moved to Arizona where he attended Glendale Community College. From 1961 to 1969 he served in the United States Air Force.

News director
In 1974, Kershaw was hired by WBAL-TV in Baltimore to shore up its sagging news ratings.  He introduced the Action News format, hired new talent, such as Mike Hambrick And Ron Smith and moved the station from last to first in less than a year. Sue Simmons and Spencer Christian were also among Kershaw's protégés.

In 1979, Kershaw moved on to WNBC-TV in New York, where he collaborated with Peter Sang in bringing the "control room" set into TV news, taking the station from last in the ratings to a market leader in two years. Kershaw was also mentor to Bucky Gunts, who worked for Kershaw in Baltimore and Chicago. In 1982, Kershaw NBC promoted Kershaw to be the program producer of NBC Sports.

In 1986, Kershaw was hired by the CBS affiliate in Chicago, WBBM-TV, which had recently dropped in the ratings. Kershaw reorganized the news staff and programs, bringing the station back to the top of the ratings. During his tenure the WBBM news team won five Emmys in 1987 and four in 1988 from the Chicago Chapter of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences.

Personal life and death
While in Houston, Kershaw had been dating Jessica Savitch, a news reporter with a rival television station in Texas. Kershaw helped Savitch develop her reporting skills during their stormy ten-year relationship. The relationship was depicted in the made-for-television movie: Almost Golden, about Savitch's life.

In 1987, Kershaw met Giselle Fernandez, whom he had hired as a reporter at WBBM-TV. They were engaged to be married when Kershaw died of pancreatic and liver cancer on July 3, 1988, at age 44.Kershaw is survived by a daughter, Lee Ann and a son, Beau Kershaw, an award-winning photojournalist, who once worked at Kershaw's old station, WBAL-TV in Baltimore. Young Kershaw's awards include an Emmy Award three Emmy nominations, a Grantham Prize and the duPont-Columbia silver baton.

References

American television journalists
1945 births
1989 deaths
Deaths from cancer
American male journalists
Blosyrus inaequalis, is a species of weevil found in India and Sri Lanka.

Description
This species has a body length is about 4.5 to 6.5 mm. Body black, with dense uniform brown or grey scales. Head with five short frontal longitudinal sulci. Rostrum slightly narrowed anteriorly. Antennae with the two basal-joints of the funicle subequal with elongate club. Prothorax strongly transverse and rugose with a few large tubercle. Elytra globose with oblique shoulders and deeply sinuate basal margin. Spermatheca with strongly curved ramus.

Biology
They are known as minor pests on cluster beans, and sesame.

References 

Curculionidae
Insects of Sri Lanka
Beetles described in 1916
Hills Road is an arterial road (part of the A1307) in southeast Cambridge, England. It runs between Regent Street at the junction with Lensfield Road and Gonville Place (the A603) to the northwest and a roundabout by the Cambridge Biomedical Campus, continuing as Babraham Road (also part of the A1307) to the southeast.

On the corner with Lensfield Road is Our Lady and the English Martyrs Church. To the west of the road is the Cambridge University Botanic Garden. At this point, near the Cambridge War Memorial, Station Road leads to Cambridge railway station to the east. Near the southeast end to the west, just north of the junction with Long Road, is The Perse School, an independent school. The Cambridge Biomedical Campus is to the southwest of the roundabout at the southeastern end, at the edge of the city and houses Addenbrooke's Hospital. The original hospital was located on the Old Addenbrooke's Site on Trumpington Street in central Cambridge.

Also on Hills Road are:

 Homerton College, a constituent college of the University of Cambridge
 The Perse School
 Cambridge Cancer Genomics, a biotechnology company using artificial intelligence to tailor cancer therapies. 
 Hills Road Sixth Form College
 St John the Evangelist church

References 

Streets in Cambridge
Transport in Cambridge
Roads in Cambridgeshire
Homerton College, Cambridge
The 1928 Duke Blue Devils football team was an American football team that represented Duke University as an independent during the 1928 college football season. In its third season under head coach James DeHart, the team compiled a 5–5 record and outscored opponents by a total of 155 to 116. Roy Hunter was the team captain.

Schedule

References

Duke
Duke Blue Devils football seasons
Duke Blue Devils football
Zapolje may refer to:

 Zapolje, Bosnia and Herzegovina, a village near Bratunac
 Zapolje, Croatia, a village near Rešetari
Sunshine Acres may refer to:

 Sunshine Acres, Florida
 Sunshine Acres, Queensland, a locality in the Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia
Alfred Rappaport (born 1932) is an American economist, educator and author. He is the Leonard Spacek Professor Emeritus at Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University and is best known for further developing the idea of shareholder value, popularized by his 1986 book, Creating Shareholder Value. He was chairman of Chicago consulting firm The Alcar Group and resided in La Jolla, California,

The Alcar Group co-founder
In 1979, he co-founded The Alcar Group in Skokie, Illinois with Carl Noble Jr, and served as its chairman. Alcar designed financial modeling products used to analyze the monetary impact of various business strategies, including mergers and acquisitions, divestitures and debt restructuring.

In 1993, Alcar merged with L.E.K. Partnership, which then rebranded to LEK/Alcar Consulting Group LLC. From the mid-1990s, the company pioneered value-based management (VBM), based on Rappaport's academic work. The company merged with software maker Hyperion Solutions in 2003.

Works
Rappaport was a regular contributor to The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, Fortune, BusinessWeek, and the Harvard Business Review.

He is the originator of "The Wall Street Journal Shareholder Scoreboard", which ranks total shareholder returns of the 1,000 highest value U.S. companies, published annually from 1995 to 2008.

Books
Expectations Investing: Reading Stock Prices for Better Returns; Harvard Business School publishing; with Michael Mauboussin (2001)
Saving Capitalism from Short-Termism: How to Build Long-Term Value and Take Back Our Financial Future (2011)
Ten Ways to Create Shareholder Value; Harvard Business Review, (September 2006)

See also

 Management consulting

References

External links

1932 births
Living people
Northwestern University faculty
20th-century American economists
Place of birth missing (living people)
Corporate finance theorists
Financial models