Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Dodgem is a simple abstract strategy game invented by Colin Vout in 1972 while he was a mathematics student at the University of Cambridge as described in the book Winning Ways.  It is played on an n×n board with n-1 cars for each player—two cars each on a 3×3 board is enough for an interesting game, but larger sizes are also possible.

Play
The board is initially set up with n-1 blue cars along the left edge and n-1 red cars along the bottom edge, the bottom left square remaining empty.  Turns alternate:  player 1 ("Left")'s turn is to move any one of the blue cars one space forwards (right) or sideways (up or down).  Player 2 ("Right")'s turn is to move any one of the red cars one space forwards (up) or sideways (left or right).

Cars may not move onto occupied spaces.  They may leave the board, but only by a forward move.  A car which leaves the board is out of the game. There are no captures.  A player must always leave their opponent a legal move or else forfeit the game.  

The winner is the player who first gets all their pieces off the board, or has all their cars blocked in by their opponent.

The game can also be played in Misere, where you force your opponent to move their pieces off the board.

Theory
The 3×3 game can be completely analyzed (strongly solved) and is a win for the first player—a table showing who wins from every possible position is given in Winning Ways, and given this information it is easy to read off a winning strategy.

David des Jardins showed in 1996 that the 4×4 and 5×5 games never end with perfect play—both players get stuck shuffling their cars from side to side to prevent the other from winning.  He conjectures that this is true for all larger boards.

For a 3x3 board, there are 56 reachable positions. Out of the 56 reachable positions, 8 of them are winning, 4 of them are losing, and 44 are draws.

References

.
.
.

External links
"Dodgem" . . . any info? Thread from discussion group rec.games.abstract, 1996, containing David desJardins' analysis of the 4x4 and 5x5 games

Mathematical games
Abstract strategy games
S. H. Sonneschein, Solomon H. Sonnenschein (June 24, 1839 in Szent Marton, Turocz megye, Hungary – 1908) was a Hungarian-American rabbi.

He received his education at Boskowitz, Moravia, where he obtained his rabbinical diploma in 1863, and later studied at Hamburg and at the University of Jena (Ph.D. 1864). He was successively as rabbi of congregations at Varaždin, Prague, 
New York City, and St. Louis (Congregation Temple Israel).  From 1905 he officiated at Temple B'nai Yeshurun, Des Moines, Iowa.

In 1864, he married Rosa Sonneschein who would go on to found the magazine American Jewess.

Sonneschein contributed for more than 40 years to numerous German and English periodicals.

References

 The American Jewish Year Book, 1903–1904, p. 101.

Hungarian rabbis
American Reform rabbis
1839 births
1908 deaths
American Jewish theologians
People from Martin, Slovakia
19th-century American rabbis
Hoseynabad-e Derakhti (, also Romanized as Ḩoseynābād-e Derakhtī and Ḩoseynābād-e Darakhtī; also known as Husainābād) is a village in Posht Rud Rural District, in the Central District of Narmashir County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 321, in 86 families.

References 

Populated places in Narmashir County
Kelvin Sebwe (born April 4, 1972 in Monrovia) is a Liberian retired footballer who played as a midfielder. Sebwe was also a member of the Liberia national football team. His brother is Dionysius Sebwe. He made his international debut against the Eagles of Mali on home soil in the 1988 African Nations Cup Qualifiers which his side lost 1–0 as a result of an early minute goal conceded.

Club career
A much-travelled player, Sebwe played for clubs in France, Belgium and the United Arab Emirates. However, he spent the major part of his career in Greece, where he played for 8 different clubs.

Retirement
Sebwe retired from football in June 2010.

References

External links 
 
 Kelvin Sebwe at Weltfussball.de  
 
 
 Kelvin Sebwe at LiberianSoccer.com 
 

1972 births
Living people
Liberian men's footballers
Liberian expatriate men's footballers
Liberia men's international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
AS Monaco FC players
Super League Greece players
Xanthi F.C. players
AEK Athens F.C. players
Iraklis F.C. (Thessaloniki) players
Patraikos F.C. players
Panachaiki F.C. players
Kavala F.C. players
Panserraikos F.C. players
Doxa Drama F.C. players
Expatriate men's footballers in Monaco
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Expatriate men's footballers in the United Arab Emirates
Monrovia Black Star FC players
Toulouse FC players
Shabab Al Ahli Club players
Al Jazira Club players
1996 African Cup of Nations players
2002 African Cup of Nations players
Footballers from Monrovia
Liberian expatriate sportspeople in Monaco
UAE Pro League players
A topspinner is a type of delivery bowled by a cricketer bowling either wrist spin or finger spin.

Topspinner may also refer to:

 Top-spinner (traditional activity), one who spins a toy on its axis
 Topspinner (racquet sports), a shot in racquet sports that increases a player's consistency

See also

 Topspin (disambiguation)
The FIL European Luge Natural Track Championships 2010 was held 15–17 January 2010 in Sankt Sebastian, Austria. A team event debuted at these championships, the first change to the FIL European Luge Natural Track Championships since they began in 1970. Italy earned their 100th medal at these championships.

Men's singles

16 January 2010 following women's run 2. 17 January 2010 at 09:30 CET (run 2) and 12:00 CET. Pigneter won his first gold medal in this event after two straight bronzes. He also won his second gold and third medal at these championships with the fastest time in all three runs.

Women's singles

16 January 2010 following doubles run 1. Run 2 at 12:00 CET same day. 17 January 2010 at 11:00 CET. Gietl led after the first run while Lanthaler had the fastest second and third runs, but it was not enough to catch Lavrentyeva, who won her second straight championships and third overall. Lanthaler earned her first medal in the championships while Gietl won her third straight bronze.

Men's doubles

First run on 16 January 2010 at 09:30 CET. Second run on 11:30 CET same day. Pigneter and Clara won their first European title by having the fastest times in both runs. Three-time defending World Champions Pavel Porzhnev and Ivan Lazarev of Russia finished sixth.

Mixed team

15 January 2010 at 18:30 CET. Points were awarded rather than by time.

Medal table

References

2009-10 FIL-Luge Natural track calendar, including St. Sebatien's championship dates - accessed 22 November 2009.
Men's doubles natural track European champions
Men's singles natural track European champions
Women's singles natural track European champions

2010 in Austrian sport
FIL European Luge Natural Track Championships
International sports competitions hosted by Austria
2010 in luge
2010 in European sport
Luge in Austria
Linda Ferrando (born 12 January 1966) is a former Italian international tennis player. 

She competed in the Fed Cup a number of times, from 1991 to 1993.

WTA career finals

Doubles: 3 (1 title, 2 runner-ups)

ITF Circuit finals

Singles: 5 (3–2)

Doubles: 4 (2–2)

References

External links
 
 

1966 births
Living people 
Italian female tennis players
20th-century Italian women
Dinn Corporation was a roller coaster designing and manufacturing company established in West Chester, Ohio, in 1983 by Charles Dinn. The company is noted for moving and rebuilding several existing wooden coasters and building ten new wooden roller coasters in the United States.

History
Charles Dinn served as Kings Island's Director of Construction, Maintenance and Engineering, where he oversaw the design and building of  The Beast with a team including Al Collins, Jim Nickell, William Reed and Curtis D. Summers. In November 1983, Dinn left Kings Island and opened his own corporation in West Chester, Ohio. The corporation relocated three older wooden roller coasters from parks that had been closed to new parks One of the firm's first projects was rebuilding the San Antonio Playland Park Rocket as the Phoenix at Knoebels Amusement Resort. In 1985 Dinn contacted Curtis D. Summers, Inc., an engineering firm in Loveland, Ohio, to provide the design for the restoration of the helix of Paragon Park's Giant Coaster which his company was moving to Wild World in Largo, Maryland. That was the start of relationship that lasted until 1991. In 1987 the two started building new coasters, with Wolverine Wildcat and Raging Wolf Bobs both opening in 1988.

In 1991, Dinn closed the Dinn Corporation after a dispute that occurred during the construction of Pegasus at Efteling. This was despite a possible project in the works for Kings Island to open in 1992. However, his daughter Denise Dinn Larrick formed the now-defunct company Custom Coasters International, with many of the key personnel from the Dinn Corp.

On July 6, 2021, Dinn died at the age of 88 in Clermont, Florida.

List of roller coasters

As of 2019, Dinn Corporation has built 11 roller coasters around the world and assisted with at least 3 known restoration.

Relocated/rebuilt coasters

New coasters

Water projects
The Dinn Corporation served as project managers on the following ride installations:
 Raging Rapids, Kennywood
 The Grand Rapids, Boardwalk and Baseball
 Zoom Flume, Lake Compounce
 Paradise Island, Wild World

References

Companies based in Ohio
Roller coaster manufacturers
Manufacturing companies established in 1983
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1991
1983 establishments in Ohio
The Pakistan Sikh Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee (or PSGPC) () is a Sikh religious organisation in Pakistan. PSGPC was formed by the Government of Pakistan and is entrusted with the maintenance of Sikh religious institutions, places of worships in Pakistan.

History
Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee (SGPC) was created in 1920s by struggle of Sikhs. After 1947 partition of Punjab, all religious properties of Sikhs came under Evacuee Trust Property Board. On 11 April 1999, Pakistan Sikh Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee was constituted under the ETPB chairmanship of ex-DG, ISI Lt. Gen. (Retd) Javed Nasir.

Location
Its main organisation is based in Lahore in the province of Punjab with Gurdwara Dera Sahib its headquarter.

Powers
The PSGPC is opposed by the Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee (SGPC), which regards itself as the sole guardian of Sikh institutions and religion worldwide.  The right to sole guardian is given to SGPC every 4 years in a fair elections in which Sikhs from around the world participate. Unlike SGPC in India, PSGPC is not an Independent fully Sikh-owned body and is controlled by Evacuee Trust Property Board (ETPB) of Pakistan. Thirteen members are appointed by Government of Pakistan, and these then members elect the president and the secretary-general.

Functions
This organisation is entrusted with the maintenance of Sikh religious institutions, places of worships (gurdwara) and the well-being of the Pakistani Sikh community. It works to bring back sacred relics belonging to Sikhism at Gurudwaras.

See also
 Akali movement
 Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee
 Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee
 Haryana Sikh Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee
 Pakistan Sikh Council
 Sikhism in Pakistan

References

External links
 Official Website
 PSGPC on Twitter
 Evacuee Trust Property Board website
 Ministry of Religious Affairs & Inter Faith Harmony

Sikhism in Pakistan
Religious organisations based in Pakistan
Sikh organisations
Pakistan federal departments and agencies
1999 establishments in Pakistan
Organizations established in 1999
Boghicea is a commune in Neamț County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Boghicea, Căușeni, Nistria and Slobozia.

Boghicea village was founded by a monk named Boghiță who had a small hermitage in the forest and sheltered other citizens. In 1784, Gheorghe Stroescu and his wife Adela began construction on a stone and brick church on their estate with their own finances.

The village was the site of a 1944 tank battle where the Romanians led by Lt. Ion S. Dumitru repulsed Soviet forces, causing heavy casualties.

References

Communes in Neamț County
Localities in Western Moldavia
Pierre Novellie (born 31 January 1991) is a South African-born comedian.

Personal life 
Born in Johannesburg, South Africa, Novellie grew up on the Isle of Man and attended Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. At Cambridge he was a member and then Vice President of the Cambridge Footlights Revue.

Novellie has Asperger's syndrome.

Work 
He is known for his work as a comedian, actor, and writer, on both TV and radio. He has written for and performed on The Mash Report, Chris Ramsey's Stand Up Central, and The Now Show. He was also a guest on BBC Radio 4's The Rest is History hosted by Frank Skinner. Other highlights include appearing on the Joke Thieves pilot for BBC Two opposite Marcus Brigstocke, BBC Three's Edinburgh Comedy Fest Live and All4/4OD Comedy Blaps series Taxi Gags and Outsiders.

Pierre's writing credits also include the Spitting Image revival, Mock The Week, Newzoids, Adam Buxton's Shed of Christmas, and The Island. In addition to his television and radio credits and his own live shows, Pierre has supported Frank Skinner, Hal Cruttenden and Gary Delaney on tour.

He appeared alongside fellow comedian and Cambridge graduate Phil Wang on an episode of Dave's World's Most Dangerous Roads, broadcast in 2023.

Podcast 
He currently co-hosts the podcast BudPod alongside Phil Wang. Pierre previously hosted a regular podcast called My Favourite Podcast. He appeared on Episode 408 of Richard Herring's Leicester Square Theatre Podcast.

Awards 
Pierre has been nominated for several Chortle Awards and won the Amused Moose Laugh Off in 2013 at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival. In 2014 he was nominated for industry web-site Chortle’s Best Newcomer award. Pierre was nominated for Best Club Comic at the 2016 Chortle Awards.

References

Living people
People from Johannesburg
Alumni of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
British male comedy actors
South African emigrants to the United Kingdom
British podcasters
1991 births
Robert Redeker is a French writer and philosophy teacher. He was teaching at the Pierre-Paul-Riquet high school, in Saint-Orens-de-Gameville, and at the École Nationale de l'Aviation Civile. He is currently in hiding under police protection.

On 19 September 2006, a few days before the Islamic month of Ramadan, he wrote an opinion piece for Le Figaro, a French secular and conservative newspaper, which quickly removed the article from its public database. In it, he attacked Islam and Muhammad, writing: "Pitiless war leader, pillager, butcher of Jews and polygamous, this is how Mohammed is revealed by the Koran." He called the Qur'an "a book of incredible violence", adding: "Jesus is a master of love, Muhammad a master of hate." That day's issue of Le Figaro was banned in Egypt and Tunisia. Afterwards, Redeker received various death threats originating from one Islamist website (where he was sentenced to death; they posted his address and a photograph of his home). He requested and was given police protection. A man has been arrested because of a hate mail he sent to Redeker.

On 3 October 2006 a group of renowned French intellectuals published "appel en faveur de Robert Redeker" (an appeal in support of Robert Redeker) in Le Monde, among them Elisabeth Badinter, Alain Finkielkraut, André Glucksmann, Claude Lanzmann (with the editorial staff of "Les Temps Modernes") and Bernard-Henri Lévy. They see their most fundamental liberties endangered by a handful of fanatics under the pretense of religious laws, and decry the tendency in Europe to avoid "provocations" in order to not anger supposed foreign sensitivities. The vast majority of the "official" responses was, however, hostile to the ex-philosophy teacher - including France's 'Le Monde' who "characterized Redeker’s piece as “excessive, misleading, and insulting.”

References

External links
 Official site of Robert Redeker
 "Face aux intimidations islamistes, que doit faire le monde libre?" (text of the article published in Le Figaro)

 "What should the free world do while facing Islamist intimidation?" (English translation)
 Young Islamist Arrested in Morocco in Relation to French Writer Robert Redeker Threat Case
 Berman, Russell. "Robert Redeker on the 'Free World' and Islam", Telos Press, October 4, 2006.
 Berman, Russell. "Robert Redeker: On Religions and Violence", Telos Press, October 5, 2006.
 Poller, Nidra “Refugee in his Own Country” Standpoint magazine, February 2009

20th-century French philosophers
Islam-related controversies in Europe
Living people
People from Ariège (department)
French people of German descent
French male non-fiction writers
Year of birth missing (living people)
French critics of Islam
Charles Wadleigh Eldridge (October 16, 1877 – May 15, 1965)  was a Massachusetts businessman and politician who served as a member in both the House and Senate of the Massachusetts legislature, as a member of the Board of Aldermen, and as the seventeenth Mayor of Somerville, Massachusetts.

Eldridge was a delegate to the 1920 Republican National Convention.

In addition to his duties as an officeholder, Eldridge also started working as a salesman for Chase & Sanborn in 1893.

Eldridge had  married Edith, the daughter of Harriett J. Brown.  Eldridge had five children: Raymon W. Eldridge, Arthur F. Eldridge, Warren P. Eldridge, Louise Eldridge, and Charlotte Eldridge.

See also
 1915 Massachusetts legislature
 1916 Massachusetts legislature
 1917 Massachusetts legislature

Notes

1877 births
Massachusetts city council members
Mayors of Somerville, Massachusetts
Republican Party members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
Republican Party Massachusetts state senators
1920 United States presidential election
1965 deaths
Wells St Cuthbert In, sometimes St Cuthbert In, was a civil parish covering the larger part of the small city of Wells, in Somerset, England.

The parish was named for the Church of St Cuthbert, Wells and was created in 1866. The historic ecclesiastical parish of Wells St Cuthbert had been split into two, with the Wells St Cuthbert Out parish covering the area outside the city of Wells.

In 1933 the civil parish was merged with Wells St Andrew (the historic liberty of the cathedral and the bishop's palace, amounting to just ) to form the present-day parish of Wells, which covers all of the city.

The civil parish of St Cuthbert Out continues to exist (though now often without "Wells" in its name) and entirely surrounds the 1933-created parish of Wells.

References

Wells, Somerset
Former civil parishes in Somerset
Bora is one of the Aanaas in the Oromia Regiona State of Ethiopia. It was part of the former Aanaa of Dugda Bora. Part of the East Shewa Zone  it is located in the Great Rift Valley. The administrative center of Bora is Bote (Alem Tena).

Demographics 
The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 58,748, of whom 30,487 were men and 28,261 were women; 11,403 or 19.41% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants said they practised Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 86% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 6.01% of the population practiced traditional beliefs, 4.47% of the population were Muslim, and 3.11% of the population were Protestant.

Notes 

Districts of Oromia Region
Loilem District is a district of the Shan State in Myanmar. It consists of 9 towns in 2010.
Its capital is Loilem.

Townships

The district contains the following townships:

Loilem Township
Nansang Township
Kunhing Township
Lai-Hka Township
Kyethi Township
Mong Kung Township
Mong Hsu Township

Mong Pan Township was moved under Langkho District.

References 

 
Districts of Myanmar
Geography of Shan State
Bystrá is the highest mountain in the Western Tatras in Slovakia, near the Polish border. It is 2,248 meters high and surrounded by the valleys of Kamenistá, Račkova and Bystrá.

See also
Tatra Mountains

References
treking.cz
go-zakopane.com

Mountains of Slovakia
Western Tatras
Mountains of the Western Carpathians

.
Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1854.

Explorations
 Giovanni Battista de Rossi discovers the Catacomb of Callixtus in Rome.
 Karl von Scherzer examines and writes a description of Quiriguá, a Maya site in Guatemala.
 Thomas Wright investigates Kit's Coty House, the remains of a Neolithic chambered long barrow in Kent, England.

Excavations

Publications

Finds
 Coleraine Hoard in the north of Ireland.
 Dalton Parlours Roman villa in Yorkshire, England.

Awards

Miscellaneous

Births
 August 26 - Kate Bradbury Griffith, English Egyptologist (d. 1902)

Deaths
 September 27 - Frederick Catherwood (b. 1799)

See also 
 List of years in archaeology
 1853 in archaeology
 1855 in archaeology

Archaeology
Archaeology by year
Archaeology
Archaeology
was an ancient province of Japan, in the area of Chikuzen and Chikugo provinces.  This province was located  within Fukuoka Prefecture. It was sometimes called .

Notes

References
 Asiatic Society of Japan. (1874). Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan. Yokohama: The Society. OCLC 1514456 
 Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005).  Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ;  OCLC 58053128

Kuni no miyatsuko
Life, Love 'n Music is the second studio album of South African singer-songwriter and record producer Zonke. It was released on 1 January 2007 through Kalawa Jazmee Records. Preceding its release were two singles titled "Ekhaya" and "Nomanyange" with the former going on to be nominated in the "Record of the Year" category at the 14th South African Music Awards.

Track listing

Release history

Accolades

References

2007 albums
Zonke albums
Kalawa Jazmee Records albums
The Wurfkörper 361 was a grenade that was developed by Germany and used by the Wehrmacht during World War II. The Wurfkörper 361 was designed to be fired from a Leuchtpistole or flare gun in English.

Design

The Wurfkörper 361 was a grenade that could be fired from the Leuchtpistole 34, Leuchtpistole 42, or Sturmpistole giving German troops a small and lightweight grenade launcher for engaging targets from close range which could not be engaged satisfactorily by infantry weapons or artillery without endangering friendly troops.

The Wurfkörper 361 grenade was formed by screwing a bakelite or wooden stem into an Eierhandgranate 39 which allowed it to be fired from a Leuchtpistole. Inside the base of the stem, there was a flash cap inside an alloy flash tube which connected to a time fuze in the base of the grenade. The Leuchtpistole was a break action gun and a brass or aluminum shell casing containing propellant was pushed into the breech of the gun. Then the safety pin at the base of the stem was removed arming the grenade and the stem was inserted into the muzzle of the gun until it slipped inside the shell casing. The gun would then be closed and the hammer cocked for firing. When the gun fired the stem and grenade were forced from the barrel and the striker in the base of the stem ignited a flash cap and a jet of flame traveled up the flash tube and ignited the time fuze. Once the time fuze expired the grenade detonated.

The Wurfkörper 361 was considered more effective than the Wurfgranate Patrone 326 due to its larger explosive charge but each grenade had its own mission. The Wurfgranate Patrone 326 was used for low angle direct fire where range and accuracy were needed while the Wurfkörper 361 was used for high angle indirect fire where its shrapnel would be useful. The Wurfkörper 361 was not recommended for use at less than 46 m (50 yd) due to the risk from shrapnel and its maximum range was limited to around  at 45° because the grenade had a 4.5 second time fuze.

References

Grenades of Germany
Rifle grenades
World War II weapons of Germany
Military equipment introduced from 1940 to 1944