Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Liscio or ballo liscio ("smooth" or "smooth dance" respectively in Italian) is a genre of music originating in the 19th century in the northern Italian region of Romagna under the influence of Viennese ballroom dances including the mazurka, waltz, polka, schottische, march. It later became popular and spread to the rest of the country. The accordion, which was also a 19th-century invention, features prominently. The tradition contrasts with older Italian folk dances in which the fiddle was the primary instrument.

Ballo liscio in Romagna
In Romagna, the phenomenon of the public and popular dance called "liscio" has created a unique universe and it has revolutionised the approaches to social, community and festive contexts, because it managed to blend different social strata and to allow a broad and inclusive identification process for higher but also more humble social classes.

Nowadays, this universe is home to many different protagonists: it gives employment to a huge number of musicians, singers, dancers, dance halls, record companies and media (TV, radio, local magazines). They form part of a rich cultural industry, held together by a powerful territorial and traditional binding force which is typical of Romagna's folklore.

In its essence, "liscio" is a combination of music and dance: its style is easily recognisable because it is rousing, with a cadenced rhythmic style and full of technical virtuosities. Nowadays, even if liscio performances have decreased in favour of more contaminated and mixed songs, many music bands maintain this genre in their musical repertoire.

This tradition of Romagna, besides being a varied enterprise, is a fundamental tool for the valorisation of the immaterial cultural heritage of the territory.

Ballo liscio in California
Italian immigrants to San Francisco, California brought the liscio tradition to California in the early 1900s. Central to the California tradition are mandolin, accordion, and guitar, sometimes supplemented by violin and double bass. The ballroom music of Italian immigrants underwent a strong Latin American influence by the 1950s. The repertoire of California ballo liscio musicians is diverse, including uniquely Italian dances like the tarantella; pan-European round dance forms; the American foxtrot; the Spanish jota and paso doble; the Latin American rhumba; and the Caribbean beguine.

Several bands continue to play ballo liscio repertoire in California, including the bands Zighi Baci & Mazurka Madness which both play regularly at Caffe Trieste in  North Beach, Caffe Acustico, Paul & Emily, the Hot Frittatas, the Graventsein Mandolin Ensemble, and Gus Garelick.

See also
Italian folk music
Music of California
American folk music
Gammaldans

References

External links
 Tenebre Infinite (L. Andrini), mandolin/guitar, Italian ballo liscio dance tune

Italian folk dances
Ballroom dance
Culture in Emilia-Romagna
"Bump, Bump, Bump" is a song by American boy band B2K, featuring P. Diddy. It was released October 2002 as the lead single from B2K's second album Pandemonium!. It was written by R. Kelly and Varick Smith and produced by Kelly. It became B2K's first top 10 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart, and reached number one for one week starting on February 1, 2003.

Formats and track listings
CD single
 "Bump, Bump, Bump" (radio edit) – 3:56
 "Bump, Bump, Bump" (Jiggy Joint radio remix) – 3:53

12" maxi
 "Bump, Bump, Bump" (main version) – 4:47
 "Bump, Bump, Bump" (radio edit) – 
 "Bump, Bump, Bump" (instrumental) – 4:47
 "Bump, Bump, Bump" (a cappella) – 4:46

12"  maxi – Remixes – Promo
 "Bump, Bump, Bump" (club mix) – 6:27
 "Bump, Bump, Bump" (bonus beats) – 3:53
 "Bump, Bump, Bump" (radio edit) – 3:39
 "Bump, Bump, Bump" (percapella) – 3:53

Remixes
 Bump, Bump, Bump (Official Remix)
 Bump, Bump, Bump (Remix) (feat. DJ Whoo Kidd & 50 Cent)
 Bump, Bump, Bump (DJ Static Remix) (feat. Jay-Z & 50 Cent)
 Dunk, Dunk, Dunk (by Ne-Yo)

Personnel
 R. Kelly – Composer, producer, vocal producer, arranger, co-mixing, background vocals
 Varick Smith – Additional composing
 Max Gousse – Vocal producer, executive producer
  Troy Taylor – Vocal producer
 Sean "P. Diddy" Combs – Guest vocals, vocal producer, mixing
 Donnie Lyle – Guitars
 Abel Garibaldi – Recording, programming
 Jason Mlodzinski – Programming assistant
 Ian Mereness, Andy Gallas, Rony Nameri, Orlando Calzado – Recording
 Rob Paustain, Robert Williams – Additional recording
 Mike Patterson – Mixing
 Chris Athens – Mastering
 Chris Stokes, David McPherson, Ketrina Askew, B2K, Platinum Status – Executive
Producer
 Marvin Peart – Associate executive producer
 Jiggy Join – Remix producer

Music video
The video was released in November 2002 and was directed by Chris Stokes and Erik White. It features the band and P. Diddy in colorful rooms with dancers.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles
R. Kelly songs
Songs written by R. Kelly
Song recordings produced by R. Kelly
B2K songs
2002 singles
2002 songs
Song recordings produced by Troy Taylor (record producer)
Scarburgh is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

George Parker Scarburgh (1807–1879), American judge
Charles Scarburgh (1615–1694), English physician and mathematician
John Scarburgh (fl. 1406), English Member of Parliament

See also
Scarborough (disambiguation)
Fencing events were contested at the 1961 Summer Universiade in Sofia, Bulgaria.

Medal overview

Men's events

Women's events

Medal table

References
 Universiade fencing medalists on HickokSports

1961 Summer Universiade
Universiade
Fencing at the Summer Universiade
International fencing competitions hosted by Bulgaria
Cambridge Town may refer to:

 Cambridge Town, Essex, a part of the town of Shoeburyness, England
 Town of Cambridge, Western Australia, Australia
 Camberley, town in Surrey originally named Cambridge Town
 Cambridge City F.C., football club in Cambridge known as Cambridge Town F.C. before 1951

See also
 Cambridge (disambiguation)
Mehar Ishtiaq Ahmad (; born 8 September 1957) is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan, from June 2013 to May 2018. Previously he had been a member of the Provincial Assembly of Punjab from 2002 to 2013.

Early life and education
He was born on 8 September 1957 in Lahore.

He earned the degree of Bachelor of Commerce in 1982 from University of the Punjab.

Political career

He ran for the seat of the National Assembly of Pakistan as an independent candidate from Constituency NA-121 (Lahore-IV) in 2002 Pakistani general election but was unsuccessful. He received 131 votes and lost the seat to Farid Ahmad Paracha, a candidate of Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal. In the same election, he was elected to the Provincial Assembly of Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N) from Constituency PP-150 (Lahore-XIV). He received 18,197 votes and defeated Asghar Ali Gill, a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (Q) (PML-Q).

He was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of Punjab as a candidate of PML-N from Constituency PP-150 (Lahore-XIV) in 2008 Pakistani general election. He received 34,053 votes and defeated Asif Mahmood Nagira, a candidate of Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP).

He was elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of PML-N from Constituency NA-121 (Lahore-IV) in 2013 Pakistani general election. He received 114,474 votes and defeated Hammad Azhar, a candidate of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI). In the same election, he was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of Punjab as a candidate of PML-N from Constituency PP-150 (Lahore-XIV). He received 57,232 votes and defeated Mehar Wajid Azeem, a candidate of PTI. He retained National Assembly seat.

References

Living people
Pakistan Muslim League (N) politicians
Punjabi people
Pakistani MNAs 2013–2018
1957 births
Punjab MPAs 2002–2007
Punjab MPAs 2008–2013
4/20 may refer to:

 April 20, events that happened on the 20th day of the 4th month in the Gregorian calendar.
 420 (cannabis culture), code-term that refers to the consumption of cannabis.
The Central Post Office in Phnom Penh, Cambodia is a building erected during the French colonial period, serving as the head office of the Cambodian postal system.

The building opened in 1895, designed by French town planner and architect Daniel Fabre. It was one of several buildings in the French administrative district, all of which were built in a similar style around a central square. The postal administrative building gave its name to the square, the "Place de la Poste".

The Central Post Office features Roman arch windows, columns with Corinthian capitals, balconies with balustrades and columns, pediments and sculpted decorations; the building was designed in the style of neo-classical architecture within a Southeast Asian context. A large garden located in front of the building was replaced in the 1930s with a public square. Wings to the north and south were extended during this same period. During the 1940s, a central squat tower with a cupola roof was removed and replaced by “an eccentric array of loud speakers”. Further modifications to the building took place during the 1950s and 1960s. Finally in 1991, one floor was added onto each wing, constructed in a style similar to that of the original building. Since then, the building has had two stories, with storage on the ground floor and administrative offices for the Cambodian postal service on the upper level. The building gained its final form with restoration completed in 2004. In 2011, the BBC referred to the Post Office "as a yellow-washed beauty surrounded by the finest collection of colonial-era buildings in Phnom Penh."

Usage of the Building
As of 2020, the building is still used as a post office  and serves as office space for the Cambodian postal system. The building has been in continual usage since 1895, except for a brief period during the Khmer Rouge regime when the central bank was blown up, money was banned money and the metropolis was vacated of its inhabitants.

In Popular Culture
The Central Post Office can be seen in the 2002 film City of Ghosts.

References

Government ministries of Cambodia
Phnom Penh
Leroy Ostransky (January 17, 1918 – October 11, 1993) was an American composer, music educator, and writer of books on jazz.

Early life
Ostransky grew up in a Jewish ghetto on the Lower East Side in New York city, the son of Russian Jewish immigrant parents, Max Ostransky and Sophie Ostransky (née Friedman). Ostransky's father, a saloon owner during prohibition known to the neighborhood as "Sharkey", had greater aspirations of success for his son Leroy as a violinist. Ostransky's memoir details his difficult relationship with his father, who could be both physically and emotionally manipulative and even abusive.

Musical career
After leaving home at seventeen, Ostransky worked as a pianist in a jazz club before receiving his doctorate in musical arts at the State University of Iowa in 1959. He went on to found the Workshop Band, one of America's early experimental jazz bands. In addition to his published books, Ostransky composed 75 educational pieces and had five of his compositions performed by the Seattle Symphony. Additionally, he was the professor emeritus of music and composer-in-residence at the University of Puget Sound. In 1975, he was named one of the twelve greatest teachers in America by People magazine.

Literary work
As an author about the history of jazz, Ostransky wrote severale books on the subject. Paul Oliver has found that few authors "were as liberal with their catalogue of influences" as Ostransky, as his  The Anatomy of Jazz attributed everything from country life to Italian arias as influences of jazz.

Publications
The Anatomy of Jazz, 1960
Understanding Jazz, 1977
Jazz City: The Impact of Our Cities on the Development of Jazz, 1978
Sharkey's Kid: A Memoir, 1991

References

External links
Leroy Ostransky papers

American male composers
American composers
University of Iowa alumni
20th-century American composers
20th-century American male musicians
Musicians from New York City
American writers about music
American male non-fiction writers
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
Writers from Manhattan
People from the Lower East Side
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
University of Puget Sound faculty
1918 births
1993 deaths
Ted Lempert (born June 14, 1961, San Mateo, California) is a Democratic politician who served two stints in the California State Assembly from 1988 until 1992 and from 1996 until he was term limited in 2000. Lempert represented the Peninsula subregion of the San Francisco Bay Area. Lempert is currently the President of Children Now and previously served as CEO and founder of EdVoice. Both organizations advocate for changes to the California educational system. Lempert is also a trustee on the San Mateo County Board of Education representing Trustee Area .

Legislative Accomplishments 
Mr. Lempert authored landmark legislation during his eight years in the Assembly, including the Lempert-Keene Oil Spill Prevention & Response Act (1990), the Golden State Scholarshare Trust (California’s College Savings Plan) (1997), the Internet Tax Freedom Act (1998) and the Local School Construction Bond Act (2000). He had more than 70 other bills signed by Governors George Deukmejian, Pete Wilson and Gray Davis.

1988 Election 
Lempert defeated one term incumbent Assemblyman Bill Duplissea.

1992 Election 
The Peninsula lost a legislative seat following the 1990 reapportionment and incumbent congressman Tom Campbell was running for a vacant US Senate Seat. Therefore, Lempert ran in the Democratic primary to succeed Campbell, a Republican. Lempert ended up losing the primary to San Mateo County supervisor Anna Eshoo.

San Mateo County Board of Supervisors 
After Eshoo was elected to Congress, Lempert replaced her on the Board of Supervisors serving from 1993 until he resigned in 1996 having been elected to the Assembly. Lempert served as the chair of the Board in 1995.

1996 Election 
Lempert returned to the Assembly in 1996, representing the 21st district after longtime incumbent Byron Sher who represented much of the territory that had been previously Lempert's was term limited.

2004 Election 
Lempert ran for the 11th state senate district in 2004 following the term limitation of Byron Sher. Lempert lost the primary to Joe Simitian, the man who had succeeded Lempert in the Assembly.

Personal 
A lifelong resident of the San Francisco Peninsula, Mr. Lempert attended local public schools. He graduated from Princeton University’s Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs and earned his law degree from Stanford University.

He, his wife Nicole, and their three young daughters live in San Carlos, California. He currently teaches Political Science 171: California Politics at the University of California at Berkeley. Lempert serves as a member of the board of trustees of the Junior State of America.

References 
Biography of Ted Lempert
Join California Page for Ted Lempert

1961 births
Living people
People from San Carlos, California
People from San Mateo, California
Princeton University alumni
Stanford University alumni
California lawyers
School board members in California
Democratic Party members of the California State Assembly
San Mateo County Supervisors
Marcantonio Bragadin or Marco Antonio Bragadin may refer to:
 Marco Antonio Bragadin (1523–1571), Venetian lawyer and military officer
 Marcantonio Bragadin (cardinal) (1591–1658), Venetian cardinal who served as Bishop of Vicenza
 Marcantonio Bragadin (admiral) (1906–1986), Italian admiral and screenwriter of a number of war films
The 1999–2000 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship was the 30th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county club hurling tournament. The championship began on 17 October 1999 and ended on 17 March 2000.

St. Joseph's Doora-Barefield were the defending champions.

On 17 March 2000, Athenry won the championship following a 0-16 to 0-12 defeat of St. Joseph's Doora-Barefield in the All-Ireland final. This was their third All-Ireland title, their first in three championship seasons.

Athenry's Eugene Cloonan was the championship's top scorer with 3-24.

Results

Connacht Senior Club Hurling Championship

First round

Quarter-final

Semi-final

Final

Leinster Senior Club Hurling Championship

First round

Quarter-finals

Semi-finals

Final

Munster Senior Club Hurling Championship

Quarter-finals

Semi-finals

Final

Ulster Senior Club Hurling Championship

Semi-finals

Final

All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship

Quarter-final

Semi-finals

Final

Championship statistics

Top scorers

Top scorers overall

Top scorers in a single game

References

1999 in hurling
2000 in hurling
All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship
Sri Lanka's Unfinished War is a 2013 documentary examining the alleged genocide and crimes against humanity against Sri Lankan Tamils by the Sri Lankan Government. It was presented by Frances Harrison former BBC correspondent to Sri Lanka, and was first screened on the BBC World News on November 9, 2013. Sri Lanka's Unfinished War which presents harrowing cases of testimony from interviewees, brings to light evidence on the systematic post-war rape and torture in detention, organized by the State on the Tamil minority in Sri Lanka. The Sri Lankan Government denied the evidence that was put forth to them from the video..

Content
The thirty-minute documentary exhibited witness statements of men and women that alleged to have faced rape and torture by the Sri Lankan forces as recently as August 2013. Victims say they were kidnapped, raped, burned with cigarettes, suffocated, beaten with pipes and burned with metal rods and forced to sign confessions in a language they couldn’t understand. Independent experts and medical reports verified the accounts of the victims to be credible and legitimate.

Victim accounts
Harrowing accounts of the victims appear throughout the documentary. One victim, Nandini stated that, she was picked up from her home earlier this year, driven blindfolded in a van and repeatedly raped by a succession of men in military and civilian clothing. Dr Alison Callaway, a doctor who is an expert witness for the UK courts and who had investigated over 200 cases of alleged torture from Sri Lanka in the last five years, concluded the physical and psychological evidence corroborated her story of recent rape and torture.

Another victim Ravi who was detained for 4 years under the Government's 'rehabilitation' program, claimed that he was beaten, suffocated and abused severely while in the military's custody.

Siva, who has papers to prove when and where he was held by the Government, also was subjected to such intense torture and abuse before he could move out of the country.

Observations
Analyzing findings from the BBC, United Nations and other human rights groups, a leading British lawyer Kirsty Brimelow said:

Charu Lata Hogg, Associate Fellow Chatham House, who wrote the report, tells the programme:

See also
 Sri Lanka's Killing Fields
 Sri Lanka's Killing Fields: War Crimes Unpunished
 No Fire Zone

References

2013 television films
2013 films
Documentary films about human rights
Documentary films about the Sri Lankan Civil War
BBC World News
BBC television documentaries
Documentary films alleging war crimes
War crimes in the Sri Lankan Civil War
2010s English-language films
2010s British films
Khana Darreh-ye Olya (, also Romanized as Khanā Darreh-ye ‘Olyā, Khenā Darreh ‘Olyā, and Khenā Darreh-ye ‘Olyā; also known as Khenā Darreh Bālā and Khenā Darreh-ye Bālā) is a village in Hendudur Rural District, Sarband District, Shazand County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 143, in 42 families.

References 

Populated places in Shazand County
Hypsilurus papuensis, the Papua forest dragon, is a species of agama. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea and found in both New Guinean mainland and on the D'Entrecasteaux and Trobriand Islands.

Two subspecies are recognized:

Hypsilurus papuensis is a highly arboreal lizard inhabiting both lowland and montane primary rainforest.

References

Hypsilurus
Reptiles of Papua New Guinea
Endemic fauna of Papua New Guinea
Taxa named by William John Macleay
Reptiles described in 1877
Agamid lizards of New Guinea
Yudham is a 1983 Indian Malayalam language film, directed by J. Sasikumar and produced by K. P. Kottarakkara. The film stars Prem Nazir, Madhu, Ratheesh and Poornima Jayaram. The film has musical score by Shankar–Ganesh.

Cast
Prem Nazir as Bappootty
Madhu as Ramu 
Ratheesh as Prabhakara Menon, Rajesh (double role)
Poornima Jayaram as Sheela
Srividya as Aysha
Janaki as Young Sheela
Sudhakar as Young Salim
K. R. Savithri as Malathy 
Balan K Nair as Velu / K.V.K
Sankaradi as Esthappan
Sukumari as Bhageerathi
Ramu as Vinod
KP Kumar as Babu
Devi as Usha
Thodupuzha Radhakrishnan as Madhusudhanan
Kunchan as Flirt
Sabitha Anand as Radha
Radhadevi as Annamma teacher 
Chandra as Diana
 Anuradha
 Janaki

Soundtrack
The music was composed by Shankar–Ganesh and the lyrics were written by Poovachal Khader.

References

External links
 

1983 films
1980s Malayalam-language films
Films scored by Shankar–Ganesh
Johannesburg North is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is located in Region C of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.

Location
It is divided in two by the Witkoppen Road and is situated halfway between Fourways Mall/Monte Casino and Northgate Shopping Centre on the northern outskirts of Randburg.

History
The suburb was largely formed during apartheid as White-Only subsidy housing for new families, but since the collapse of apartheid and the introduction of true democracy, the area has enjoyed a peaceful multi-cultural influx of new residents.
The southern side is facing encroaching development of cluster homes, but in majority the houses in this area are free standing, middle income, family homes, with an average yard size of 1000 meters and containing single story homes.

Amenities
A major draw-card for the northern side is The Baron Restaurant. Along the Witkoppen Road banks, new developments have formed, with the southern side featuring an organic lawn nursery, large tree nursery and a ceramic pot centre, 'The Village Green' lifestyle Emporium, whilst the northern side features a recently opened car dealership and a small pub. The Riverwalk Shopping Center, which used to have a supermarket, now only houses a security company, a church and a swimming pool net supplier.

For most residents the most convenient shopping centers are situated in Jukskei Park and Olivedale, otherwise they commute the 5 minutes drive to either of the two nearby large mall zones.

References

Johannesburg Region C
Alphenal (Alphenal, Efrodal, Prophenal, Sanudorm), also known as 5-allyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid, is a barbiturate derivative developed in the 1920s. It has primarily anticonvulsant properties, and was used occasionally for the treatment of epilepsy or convulsions, although not as commonly as better known barbiturates such as phenobarbital.

LD50: Mouse (Oral): 280 mg/kg

References 

Barbiturates
Hypnotics
Allyl compounds
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
Phenyl compounds