Michael S. Turner (born July 29, 1949) is an American theoretical cosmologist who coined the term dark energy in 1998.
He is the Rauner Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus of Physics at the University of Chicago, having previously served as the Bruce V. & Diana M. Rauner Distinguished Service Professor, and as the assistant director for Mathematical and Physical Sciences for the US National Science Foundation.

Turner's book The Early Universe, co-written with fellow Chicago cosmologist Edward Kolb, is a standard text on the subject. 
The 2003 National Academy study, Connecting quarks with the cosmos: eleven science questions for the new century, which Turner chaired, identified opportunities at the intersection of astronomy and physics and has helped shape science investment in the US in this area. 
In 2022, Turner was appointed as a co-leader, with Maria Spiropulu, of a National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine study, leading a committee of 17 physicists world-wide to consider the strategic vision of research in elementary particle physics.

Education
Turner received a B.S. in physics from the California Institute of Technology in 1971, and earned a PhD in physics from Stanford University in 1978.

Career
Turner became an instructor in physics at Stanford University in 1978, and was a fellow at the Enrico Fermi Institute from 1978 to 1980. He was a visiting professor at the Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara from 1981 to 1982, and became a scientist at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Ill, in 1983.

Turner joined the faculty of the University of Chicago as an assistant professor of astronomy and astrophysics in 1980, rising to associate professor and then full professor as of 1985. He served as chair of the department from 1997 to 2003, and was named the Bruce V. and Diana M. Rauner Distinguished Service Professor of Astronomy and Astrophysics in 1998.  He held a joint appointment as one of the founding members of the NASA/Fermilab Theoretical Astrophysics Group at the NASA Fermilab Astrophysics Center (NFAC).

In addition, Turner served as the president of the Aspen Center for Physics from 1989 to 1993, and the assistant director of the National Science Foundation for Mathematical and Physical Sciences from 2003 to 2006. He has served on committees for the Department of Energy, NASA, NSF, the American Physical Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the National Academy of Sciences. Turner was president of the American Physical Society in 2013.

From 2010 to 2019, Turner served as director of the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago. He was succeeded as director by Edward Kolb.
By 2020 Turner was the Rauner Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus of Physics at UChicago.

Research
With Edward Kolb, Turner helped establish the interdisciplinary field of particle astrophysics, combining cosmology and elementary particle physics to understand the origin and evolution of the Universe.  His research focuses on the earliest moments of creation, and he has made contributions to inflationary cosmology, particle dark matter and structure formation, the theory of big bang nucleosynthesis, and the nature of dark energy.  His work in precision cosmology combines theoretical work with measurement to better understand and test theories and models using cosmological data.

Awards
 1984, Helen B. Warner Prize of the American Astronomical Society
 1986, Fellow of the American Physical Society, "For outstanding work at the interface of particle physics and cosmology which has led to a new understanding of the early Universe."
 1996, Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
 1997, Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Prize of the American Physical Society
 1997, Member, National Academy of Sciences
 1999, Klopsteg Memorial Award, American Association of Physics Teachers
 2005, Fellow in Physics, American Association for the Advancement of Science
 2010, Dannie Heineman Prize for Astrophysics of the American Astronomical Society and the American Institute of Physics
 2017, Member, American Philosophical Society
 2020, Legacy Fellow of the American Astronomical Society

External links

 Research page at University of Chicago Astronomy Department
 Research page at University of Chicago Physics Department
 Video interview Theoretical Cosmology

References

1949 births
Living people
American cosmologists
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Winners of the Dannie Heineman Prize for Astrophysics
University of Chicago faculty
California Institute of Technology alumni
Stanford University alumni
Scientists from California
20th-century American astronomers
21st-century American astronomers
20th-century American physicists
Members of the American Philosophical Society
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellows of the American Astronomical Society
Presidents of the American Physical Society
Aspen Center for Physics scholars