Phillip Elliott Playford  (27 November 1931 – 12 July 2017) was an Australian geologist who made important contributions to sedimentary geology, oil exploration in Western Australia and maritime history. He has made contributions to the recording of aboriginal art and culture from the north of Western Australia.

Geology

Petroleum exploration 

In 1958 a major multi-author publication,  laid the foundation of the modern understanding of the stratigraphy of the major sedimentary basins of the State, enabling oil exploration to occur.
 

In 1959 Phillip Playford and Murray Johnstone prepared a paper for the AAPG summarising the status of oil exploration in Australia.  This paper played as significant role in increasing international awareness of Australia's petroleum potential. 

Documentation of the Devonian Reef, led by Playford, stimulated exploration which led to the Blina and associated oil fields. Detailed knowledge of the Carnarvon Basin, Playford's life work, eventually led to the discovery of the Barrow Island oilfield, which in turn was a trigger for the spread for the exploration of the offshore, now the most active area in Australia. Work on the geology of the Perth Basin, led by Playford,  provided a basis for the exploration which eventually led to the discovery of the Dongara and other gas fields.

Canning Basin 
Playford's major work has been on the Devonian reef complexes of the Canning Basin, first publishing a GSWA bulletin on their geology in 1996.  Regular updates on the geology of the Devonian reef complexes continued even while working in leadership roles in the Mines Department in the 1980s and 1990s.  This, together with the supervision of PhD and postgraduate projects from universities around the world, culminated in the publication in 2009 of a major publication.  The Devonian reef complexes form a spectacular belt of rugged limestone ranges that extends for 350 kilometres along the northern edge of Western Australia's Canning Basin. These complexes are regarded as the world's best example of an exposed ancient barrier reef system, and have become known as the Devonian Great Barrier Reef. The rocks regarded as a model for similar reefs that host prolific oilfields elsewhere in the world.

Geology of Shark Bay 
Playford discovered the stromatolites at Hamelin Pool in July 1954 when he and Daryl Johnstone were working in the Shark Bay area. The work in Shark Bay culminated in a comprehensive publication in 2013 showcases the geology of this World Heritage Area. It includes details of living stromatolites, quaternary coastal geology and evidence of past mega-tsunamis. It also covers the cultural heritage of the area, including Aboriginal history  and details of the wreck of the Zuytdorp in 1712.

Geology of Rottnest 
Playford had a long history working on Rottnest Island, off the coast of Perth.  He found the freshwater on the island which, until that time was being delivered from the mainland, and named many landmarks on the Island including Wadjemup Hill (aboriginal name for the hill) Pearse Lakes (after an island superintendent), Lake Vincent (after Henry Vincent, another superintendent of the island), Fairbridge Bluff in Salmon Bay (after his UWA lecturer and mentor Rhodes Fairbridge). Playford wrote about the Island's geology, illustrating dramatic changes in sea level (up to 2.5m) over the last 6000 years.  In addition, he also located fossil coral reefs 120,000 years old 3m above sea level, which indicate the ocean was warmer than today.

Maritime History 
At Tamala Station in 1954 an elderly stockman Tom Pepper told Playford how he had found the remains of an old sailing ship and showed him coins and other objects he had picked up at the wreck site.  Playford set off alone one weekend in a vehicle to bush bash and locate the site 40 miles from his geological camp based on verbal direction from Tom Pepper.   The coins were dated 1711 and provided the vital clue for Playford to finally identify the wreck as being the Dutch ship Zuytdorp. Both Tom Pepper and Phillip Playford were named joint discoverers of the wreck in 1994 by the Western Australian Government.  The Zuytdorp Cliffs are a defining feature of the Western Australian coastline and the name was proposed by Playford arising from the discovery of the name of this major wreck site.

Playford wrote a book on the Zuytdorp entitled ‘Carpet of Silver; the wreck of the Zuytdorp.  This book was published in 1996 by UWA Press. and won a Western Australian Premier's Book Awards in 1997 and was reprinted in 1998 and 2006.

He also wrote "Voyage of Discovery To Terra Australia by Willem de Vlamingh in 1696–97" (published by the WA Museum in 1998 and reprinted in 1999) and "The Life and Times of Dirk Hartog" with co-authors Robert Cribb, Greetje Bouma and Cor Boer.

Aboriginal art and culture   
While working on the Devonian limestones Playford  spent a lot of time talking to elderly Aborigines and was able to determine the mythological significance of the paintings, and to map the tribal territories, publishing the results in 1960 (journal or the royal society of Western Australia) (and in more detail in 2007 – Kimberley society). This was the first detailed tribal distribution map to be produced for the West Kimberley's. 
 
In these papers he illustrated and discussed the remarkable cave art from the West Kimberley.  The rock art on the West Kimberley had been very little studied and the sites he described had not been published previously.
 
Playford also made  tape recordings of song cycles recounting the journeys of the great culture heroes of the dreamtime, and collecting the Aboriginal names and associated mythology of hundreds of features through the limestone ranges. These tape recordings and collections have been lodged in the WA Museum and the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies in Canberra.
 
Many of the Aboriginal names have been recorded on the new series of geological maps that accompany Playford's publication on Devonian Reef complexes. In 1964 Playford joined an expedition run by the Native Welfare Department that succeeded in locating many Aborigines, living traditional lives in the Great Sandy and Gibson Deserts without having seen Europeans previously.  Some elected to go to missions but others remained to return “some moons later” and then elected to move to missions within 12 months.  Some of Playford's photographs from this expedition are held by the WA Museum.

Honours and awards

References 

1931 births
2017 deaths
Australian geologists
Australian maritime historians
Members of the Order of Australia
Historians of the Dutch East India Company
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering