Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Charles Edward Toberman (February 23, 1880 – November 10, 1981) was a real estate developer and stenographer who developed landmarks in Hollywood, California, including the Hollywood Bowl, Grauman's Chinese Theatre, El Capitan Theatre, the Roosevelt Hotel, the Grauman's Egyptian Theatre and the Hollywood Masonic Temple. Toberman, along with H. J. Whitley has been called 'the Father of Hollywood'.

Biography

Toberman was born on February 23, 1880, in Seymour, Texas, to Philip and Lucy Ann Toberman; his uncle was Los Angeles mayor James R. Toberman. He attended the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas for three years and Metropolitan Business College at Dallas for one year.

Toberman began his career as a stenographer, working in Dallas and Wichita Falls, Texas, before moving to Los Angeles in 1902. He returned to Wichita Falls and ran a hardware store before returning to Los Angeles, where he held a variety of positions including City Treasurer of Hollywood. He worked in real estate from 1907 on, incorporating the C.E. Toberman Company in 1912. Mr. Toberman placed fifty-three Hollywood subdivisions on the market, formed more than thirty companies and organizations, built twenty-nine commercial buildings in Hollywood, including the world-famous Chinese Theater and was affiliated with forty-nine clubs, civic, and fraternal organizations up until retirement. Toberman managed all of his real estate holdings from his office in the heart of Hollywood. Throughout the 1910s and 1920s, Toberman developed many notable buildings and neighborhoods in Hollywood, including notable theatres with showman Sid Grauman. In 1924, he built a Spanish-style mansion known as the C.E. Toberman Estate. He co-founded the Black-Foxe Military Institute in 1928.

According to a 1990 article in the Los Angeles Times, Toberman was known as "Mr. Hollywood" and the "Father of Hollywood" because of his development of the Hollywood Hills.

Personal life
Toberman married Josephine Washburn Bullock on June 25, 1902. The couple had three children: Jeanette, Homer (died 1992), and Catherine. Charles Toberman died in November 1981.

References

Further reading

External links

1880 births
1981 deaths
American centenarians
Men centenarians
Businesspeople from Texas
Businesspeople from California
Real estate and property developers
Burials at Hollywood Forever Cemetery
Stenographers
20th-century American businesspeople
Anjanwel is a small coastal town in Guhagar taluka, Ratnagiri district, in the Konkan region and administrative division of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is located around  north of the district headquarters of Ratnagiri,  north of its taluka, and  south of Mumbai, the state capital.  Marathi is the official language spoken by everyone in the village. The nearest villages are Veldur, which is home of an Enron plant, Dhopawe, Vanoshi T. Panchanadi, Navse, and Sakhari Trishul.  The Gopalgad Fort, also known as Anjanvel Fort () is a coastal fort, half of the fort is on a hill and the other half is directly adjacent to the Arabian Sea. Anjanwel has a tropical monsoon climate with 47% of humidity also due to its proximity to the sea.

References

Cities and towns in Ratnagiri district
Exeter Greyfriars was a Franciscan friary in Exeter, Devon, England. It was founded in the earlier part of the 13th century, before 1240, and was dissolved in 1538.

Excavations have revealed burials and some remains of the structures.

See also
 Exeter monastery

References

Monasteries in Devon
Buildings and structures in Exeter
History of Exeter
Franciscan monasteries in England
Vasily Ermolaevich Ruzhentsev (, April 4, 1899 – October 12, 1978) was a Soviet paleontologist, malacologist and geologist. From 1937 to 1978 he worked at the Paleontological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences. He had 117 publications of which 17 were monographs. From 1966 to 1978 he was editor in chief of the Transactions of the Paleontological Institute.

Sources
 Leonova, T.P. (2009) ВАСИЛИЙ ЕРМОЛАЕВИЧ РУЖЕНЦЕВ ‒ 110 ЛЕТСО ДНЯ РОЖДЕНИЯ In: Современные проблемы изучения головоногих моллюсков. Морфология, систематика, эволюция, экология и биостратиграфия.  - Russian Academy of Sciences (Jubilee symposium volume)

1899 births
1978 deaths
Recipients of the Lenin Prize
Soviet geologists
Soviet malacologists
Soviet paleontologists
Paleontological Journal editors
The Kirghiz rebellion () occurred when Kyrgyz irregulars in Xinjiang revolted against the Republic of China in March 1932. The Kirghiz rebels, led by Id Mirab, revolted in the Tian Shan mountains as part of the wider Kumul Rebellion in Xinjiang, until they were quickly defeated by government forces led by Ma Shaowu, the Hui military commander of Kashgar, with some minor assistance of the Soviet Union.

References 

China–Soviet Union relations
Wars involving the Soviet Union
Conflicts in 1932
1932 in China
East Turkestan independence movement
Rebellions in Asia
Xinjiang Wars
Wars involving the Republic of China
The Catsburg Country Store was located at the junction of Old Oxford Highway and Hamlin Road in Durham County, North Carolina, sited roughly halfway between Durham and Butner, near historic Stagville Plantation. 

This two-story, hip-roofed, frame structure was a well-preserved box-and-canopy store that survived until it was dismantled for preservation and relocation in 2020. Built in the 1920s by Sheriff Eugene G. Belvin, it has a high false front, and a one-story gable-roof supported by large wooden posts.

After the location closed for business and was abandoned in the 1990's, the Catsburg Country Store was still widely recognized as a local landmark.  Its renown came from the large painted image of a black cat on the front parapet above the word Catsburg, which led to the building becoming a favorite of local photographers and artists.  This part of town is called Catsburg as a tribute to the late Sheriff Belvin, whose nickname was "Cat." Belvin was an extremely popular sheriff in Durham County who earned his nickname through his ability to sneak up on bootleggers and moonshiners in the 1920s. Little to nothing is known of "Cat" but some say that his knack for finding local stills had much to do with his being a distiller himself and "wiping out the competition".

Surrounding the old store, Catsburg Natural Area contains a Basic Mesic Forest with two rare plant species. The site was a Registered Heritage Area owned in part by the Army Corps of Engineers; the remainder is privately owned.

The disassembly of the structure by Preservation Durham was completed in 2020 after a widely publicized search for a new caretaker for the building, which had been offered for free to anyone who would move it. As of 2022, the original location now serves as a makeshift parking area for tractor trailers and an illegal dumping ground.

References

External links 

 Catsburg Country Store at Open Durham
 Saving Places: The Catsburg Country Store
 Historic Durham country store free to anyone willing to move it

Buildings and structures in Durham County, North Carolina
Axe ties are railway ties (or sleeper) that are hewn by hand, usually with a broadaxe. There are 2,900 ties per mile of track on a first class railroad. The early railways would not accept ties cut with a saw, as it was claimed that the kerf of the saw splintered the fibres of the wood, leaving them more likely to soak up moisture causing premature rot.

The process
Geoff Marples wrote an account of being a tiehack in the East Kootenays in 1938 and described the process of making axe ties to include: First a suitable tree was chosen and then felling and limbing the tree. Next came scoring which is chopping, by eye without a chalk line, of notches to remove extra wood about every ; hewing the trunks only on two sides unless the log was over  in diameter; bucking (cutting to in this case ); peeling any remaining bark off; and stacking the ties so a chain can be wrapped around them. Next came skidding each group of ties to a landing with a team of horses, and then loading and hauling the ties to a railway siding by truck and unloading by hand. Scaling was the key event where a railroad inspector accepted or culled (rejected) and graded each tie as a number one ( used for the main railroad lines) or number two ( used for sidings). Loading the  ties by hand onto a car was the last task. Marples wrote that he netted 48¢ for each grade one, and 36¢ for each grade two and made $150 for a winter's work.

Wood species
Cedar was the most sought after wood for ties, since it is known for being extremely resistant to rot. However, as electric power came into more common use in the early 1900s, it was substituted with other species such as Tamarack. In northern regions where jack pine was plentiful, that species became a more common source for railway ties. Jack pine ties did not last as long as cedar or tamarack (lying on the ground), but were cheaper to produce. As creosote treatment came into use the axe ties were phased out, but jack pine remained best suited for softwood ties.

Production in Canada
Axe tie production was an early industry of importance for many communities in Ontario along the railway in the early 1900s. Examples include Foleyet and Nemegos.

References

Permanent way
Wood products
In mathematical logic, geometric logic is an infinitary generalisation of coherent logic, a restriction of first-order logic due to Skolem that is proof-theoretically tractable. Geometric logic is capable of expressing many mathematical theories and has close connections to topos theory.

Definitions

A theory of first-order logic is geometric if it is can be axiomatised using only axioms of the form

where I and J are disjoint collections of formulae indices that each may be infinite and the formulae φ are either atoms or negations of atoms. If all the axioms are finite (i.e., for each axiom, both I and J are finite), the theory is coherent.

Theorem
Every first-order theory has a coherent conservative extension.

Significance
 list eight consequences of the above theorem that explain its significance (omitting footnotes and most references):
In the context of a sequent calculus such as G3c, special coherent implications as axioms can be converted directly to inference rules without affecting the admissibility of the structural rules (Weakening, Contraction and Cut);
In similar terms, coherent theories are “the theories expressible by natural deduction rules in a certain simple form in which only atomic formulas play a critical part”;
Coherent implications form sequents that give a Glivenko class. In this case, the result, known as the first-order Barr’s Theorem, states that if each Ii: 0≤i≤n is a coherent implication and the sequent I1, . . . , In ⇒ I0 is classically provable then it is intuitionistically provable;
There are many examples of coherent/geometric theories: all algebraic theories, such as group theory and ring theory, all essentially algebraic theories, such as category theory, the theory of fields, the theory of local rings, lattice theory, projective geometry, the theory of separably closed local rings (aka “strictly Henselian local rings”) and the infinitary theory of torsion abelian groups;
Coherent/geometric theories are preserved by pullback along geometric morphisms between topoi (Maclane & Moerdijk 1992, chapter X);
Filtered colimits in Set of models of a coherent theory T are also models of T;
Special coherent implications ∀x. C ⊃ D generalise the Horn clauses from logic programming, where D is required to be an atom; in fact, they generalise the “clauses” of disjunctive logic programs, where D is allowed to be a disjunction of atoms.
Effective theorem-proving for coherent theories can, with (in relation to resolution) relative ease and clarity, be automated. As noted by Bezem et al ...the absence of Skolemisation (introduction of new function symbols) is no real hardship, and the non-conversion to clausal form allows the structure of ordinary mathematical arguments to be better retained.

Notes

Bibliography
 
  (Two volumes, Oxford Logic Guides 43 & 44, 3rd volume in preparation)

Further reading 

Geometry
Logic
The ceremonial county of Northamptonshire is divided into two unitary authorities West Northamptonshire and North Northamptonshire.  Up until 31 March 2021, Northamptonshire was divided into seven districts. The former districts of Northamptonshire were South Northamptonshire, Northampton, Daventry, Wellingborough, Kettering, Corby, and East Northamptonshire.

As there are 368 Grade II* listed buildings in the county they have been split into separate lists for each former district.

 Grade II* listed buildings in Corby
 Grade II* listed buildings in Daventry (district)
 Grade II* listed buildings in East Northamptonshire
 Grade II* listed buildings in Kettering (borough)
 Grade II* listed buildings in Northampton
 Grade II* listed buildings in South Northamptonshire
 Grade II* listed buildings in Wellingborough (borough)

See also
 Grade I listed buildings in Northamptonshire
 :Category:Grade II* listed buildings in Northamptonshire

References
National Heritage List for England

 
Northamptonshire
Csík may refer to:

Csík County, part of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1876 to 1918

and to several places in Harghita County, Romania, that have the prefix as part of their Hungarian-language name:

Bancu (Csíkbánkfalva), a village in Ciucsângeorgiu Commune
Bârzava (Csíkborzsova), a village in Frumoasa Commune
Ciceu (Csíkcsicsó), a commune
Şoimeni (Csíkcsomortán), a village in Păuleni-Ciuc Commune
Ciucani (Csíkcsekefalva), a village in Sânmartin Commune
Dănești (Csíkdánfalva), a commune
Delniţa (Csíkdelne), a village in Păuleni-Ciuc Commune
Ineu (Csíkjenőfalva), a village in Cârța Commune
Cârța (Csíkkarcfalva), a commune
Cozmeni (Csíkkozmás), a commune
Mădăraș (Csíkmadaras), a commune
Siculeni (Csíkmadéfalva until 1899), a commune
Armăşeni (Csíkménaság), a village in Ciucsângeorgiu Commune
Leliceni (Csíkszentlélek), a commune
Păuleni-Ciuc (Csíkpálfalva), a commune
Racu (Csíkrákos), a commune
Șumuleu Ciuc (Csíksomlyó), a neighborhood in Miercurea Ciuc city
Tomești (Csíkszenttamás), a commune
Ciucsângeorgiu (Csíkszentgyörgy), a commune
Sântimbru (Csíkszentimre), a commune
Sâncrăieni (Csíkszentkirály), a commune
Leliceni (Csíkszentlélek), a commune
Nicoleşti (Csíkszentmiklós), a village in Frumoasa Commune
Mihăileni (Csíkszentmihály), a commune
Sânmartin (Csíkszentmárton), a commune
Sânsimion (Csíkszentsimon), a commune
Tomești (Csíkszenttamás), a commune
Frumoasa (Csíkszépvíz), a commune
Miercurea Ciuc (Csíkszereda), a city and the county seat
Vrabia (Csíkverebes), a village in Tușnad Commune
Jigodin (Csíkzsögöd), part of Jigodin-Băi village in Miercurea Ciuc city

(In the Kingdom of Hungary, these were all part of Csíkszék, a Székely "seat" or settlement merged into Csík County in 1876.)

and to:

Vărgata (Csíkfalva), a commune in Mureș County, Romania
Nathaniel Macon Burford (June 24, 1824 – May 10, 1898) was an American politician in Texas who served as Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives between 1866 and 1869. Burford was also an attorney and a state district judge, and during the Civil War, he raised and led the 19th Texas Cavalry Regiment.

Biography
Burford was born to Nancy McAlister and John Hawkins Burford on June 24, 1824, in Smith County, Tennessee. He taught school at age seventeen, and later graduated from Irving College in McMinnville in 1845. He studied law in McMinnville and was accepted into the bar in 1846. At the outbreak of the Mexican–American War, Burford travelled to Knoxville to enlist, but was turned down because Tennessee's quota of troops had already been filled. After a sojourn to Shreveport, Louisiana, Burford ended up in Jefferson, Texas, in early 1847 where he clerked in the Cass County district court. Finding the local bar too full for his ambitions, he moved on to Dallas in 1848 with $5 in his pocket and letters of recommendation from, among others, Gov. J. Pinckney Henderson.

He formed a law partnership with John H. Reagan, and, later, was elected district attorney in 1850 and re-elected in 1852. In 1850, he was one of the founding members of the Tannehill Masonic Lodge #52 in Dallas and its first Master. On January 18, 1854, Burford married fellow Tennessean Mary J. Knight. Knight was the daughter of O. W. Knight, an early pioneer of Dallas County. Together, Mary and Nathaniel would have some five children.

In 1856 Burford was selected as judge of the new 16th Judicial District, seated in Waxahachie, a post he would resign in 1861 to fight in the Civil War. He enlisted in Good's Texas Battery commanded by Capt. John Jay Good as a private. In 1862, however, Burford raised the 19th Texas Cavalry regiment and was elected as its colonel. The 19th Texas was a part of the Trans-Mississippi Department for the duration of the war. After the 1864 Red River Campaign, Burford resigned, believing that he was not suitable to properly lead troops into battle.

He returned to private practice and, in 1866, was elected to the House of Representatives of the Eleventh Texas Legislature. Burford was elected Speaker, 39 votes to 30 for Ashbel Smith. On April 25, 1869, Gen. Philip H. Sheridan declared all elective offices in Texas vacant, ending Burford's legislative career.

Burford was elected presiding judge of Dallas County in 1874 and judge for the 11th Judicial District in 1876, resigning the following year due to health problems. He served as a United States commissioner from 1879 to 1881.

Burford died May 10, 1898, in Dallas and is buried in the Greenwood Cemetery there. Burford was an Episcopalian.

Notes

References

1824 births
1898 deaths
Speakers of the Texas House of Representatives
Texas state court judges
Confederate States Army officers
People of Texas in the American Civil War
19th-century American Episcopalians
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American judges
Joseph Alfred Warner was an Irish Anglican priest.

Warner was educated at Trinity College, Dublin and ordained in 1926.  After curacies at Willowfield, Mallow and Cork he held incumbencies at Kilmeen and Castlemartyr before five years as a Chaplain in the RAFVR. When peace returned he held further incumbencies at Midleton and Carrigtwohill. He was Dean of Cloyne from 1952 until 1957; and Archdeacon of Cloyne  from 1957  until 1965.

References

Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Archdeacons of Cloyne
Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War II
Irish military chaplains
Royal Air Force chaplains
World War II chaplains
20th-century Irish Anglican priests
Place of birth missing
Thisuri Wanniarachchi () is a Sri Lankan author and public policy specialist. She is known for her books Colombo Streets, which won a 2009 State Literary Award, and The Terrorist's Daughter (2014)   She is also known for her stint as President Maithripala Sirisena's Assistant Director of Sustainable Development and the National Coordinator of the "Vision 2030" Sustainable Development Policy Formulation Project. and her work for the World Bank. Wanniarachchi resigned from her position in the Sirisena Administration in the immediate aftermath of the unconstitutional coup of October 2018. She later served as the Secretary to the President's Expert Committee to Restructure SriLankan Airlines. Wanniarachchi also served as the Lead Analyst of the Ministry of Economic Reforms in the Government of Sri Lanka in 2019.

Early life and education
Wanniarachchi was born on 25 September 1993 to Sri Lankan sociologist and author Malraji Wanniarachchi and Sri Lanka Army Maj. General Sunil Wanniarachchi. She grew up in Colombo during the time of the Sri Lankan Civil War.

She attended St. Bridget's Convent in Colombo and later moved to The British School in Colombo on a full academic scholarship. Wanniarachchi received her BA in Political Economy from Bennington College, and is currently a PhD Candidate in Public Policy at the University of Colombo.

Career
She was President Maithripala Sirisena's Assistant Director of Sustainable Development and the youngest appointee to serve in his administration. Wanniarachchi resigned from her position in the Sirisena Administration in the immediate aftermath of the unconstitutional coup of October 2018. She later served as the Secretary to the President's Expert Committee to Restructure SriLankan Airlines. In 2019, she was appointed as the Lead Analyst of the Ministry of Economic Reforms in the Government of Sri Lanka. and during which time she led an analytics division that advised the Cabinet Committee on Cost of Living, proposed and implemented regulatory designs for various essential commodity markets, and oversaw the formulation of pricing formulae for several essentials including liquid petroleum gas (LPG), full cream milk powder (FCMP) and wheat flour.

Author
Wanniarachchi is the author of two books, Colombo Streets and The Terrorist's Daughter. Wanniarachchi wrote Colombo Streets when she was fourteen years old. Colombo Streets is a story about how children belonging to different social classes experienced the Sri Lankan civil war. The book went on to be a local bestseller and made Wanniarachchi the youngest State Literary Award recipient.

The Terrorist's Daughter, written by Wanniarachchi during her first year at Bennington College, was launched in Sri Lanka in August 2014.

Bibliography
Colombo Streets (2009)
The Terrorist's Daughter (2014)

References

External links
 

1993 births
Living people
Sri Lankan women writers
21st-century Sri Lankan writers
21st-century Sri Lankan women writers
Sri Lankan novelists
Sri Lankan women novelists
Sri Lankan sociologists
Sri Lankan women sociologists
Royal Air Lao was the national air carrier of the Kingdom of Laos that operated from 1962 to 1974.

History 
The company was founded in 1962. In September 1976 the Civil Aviation Company was formed from the merger of Royal Air Lao and Lao Air Lines. Today the successor is Lao Airlines.

Destinations 

Hong Kong – Kai Tak Airport

 Cambodia
Phnom Penh – Pochentong Airport

Canton – Canton International Airport

Huay Xai – Huay Xay Airport
Luang Prabang – Luang Prabang International Airport
Pakxe – Pakxe Airport
Thakhek – Thakhek Airport
Sayaboury – Sayaboury Airport
Savannakhet – Savannakhet Airport
Vientiane – Vientiane Airport (Hub)

Kuala Lumpur – Subang Airport

Hanoi – Hanoi International Airport

Saigon – Tan Son Nhat Air Base

Bangkok – Bangkok International Airport
Chieng Mai – Chieng Mai International Airport

Fleet 
Aircraft that were in service were

 Douglas C-47 Skytrain
 Lockheed L-188 Electra
 Boeing 307 Stratoliner
 Sud Aviation Caravelle III (XW-PNH)
 Curtiss C-46 Commando
 Douglas DC-3
 Douglas C-54A-10-DC Skymaster
 Vickers Viscount
 Convair 440

Codeshare partners 
Royal Air Lao codeshared with the following airlines:

 Air France

See also 

 Air Vietnam
 Royal Air Cambodge

References

External links

Defunct airlines of Laos
Airlines established in 1962
Airlines disestablished in 1976
Companies of Laos
Government-owned airlines
Organizations with royal patronage
Philippa Urquhart is a British actress, best known for her performance as Lillian Cartland in the 1980s BBC television drama Tenko.

Career 
Urquhart has worked as a film, television and theatre actress for more than fifty years. A former member of the Royal Shakespeare Company, she has appeared in numerous West End productions including The Sea (2008), Lady Windermere's Fan (2002), Wit (2001), and The Forest (2000).

Her television credits include: Vanity Fair, A Very Peculiar Practice, Dempsey and Makepeace, Wish Me Luck, The Bill, Dixon of Dock Green, Within These Walls, and Casualty. Her feature film credits include Laughter in the Dark (1969) and the role of Janice in Alfonso Cuarón's 2006 film Children of Men.

Personal life 
She is the mother of the film director Jack Jewers, and she currently lives in the town of Rye, East Sussex.

References

External links
 – official website

British film actresses
British stage actresses
British television actresses
Living people
Royal Shakespeare Company members
Year of birth missing (living people)