Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Squared deviations from the mean (SDM) result from squaring deviations. In probability theory and statistics, the definition of variance is either the expected value of the SDM (when considering a theoretical distribution) or its average value (for actual experimental data). Computations for analysis of variance involve the partitioning of a sum of SDM.

Background
An understanding of the computations involved is greatly enhanced by a study of the statistical value

 , where  is the expected value operator.

For a random variable  with mean  and variance ,

 

Therefore,

 

From the above, the following can be derived:

Sample variance 

The sum of squared deviations needed to calculate sample variance (before deciding whether to divide by n or n − 1) is most easily calculated as

 

From the two derived expectations above the expected value of this sum is

 

which implies

 

This effectively proves the use of the divisor n − 1 in the calculation of an unbiased sample estimate of σ2.

Partition — analysis of variance 

In the situation where data is available for k different treatment groups having size ni  where i varies from 1 to k, then it is assumed that the expected mean of each group is

 

and the variance of each treatment group is unchanged from the population variance .

Under the Null Hypothesis that the treatments have no effect, then each of the  will be zero.

It is now possible to calculate three sums of squares:

Individual

Treatments

Under the null hypothesis that the treatments cause no differences and all the  are zero, the expectation simplifies to

Combination

Sums of squared deviations

Under the null hypothesis, the difference of any pair of I, T, and C does not contain any dependency on , only .

 total squared deviations aka total sum of squares

 treatment squared deviations aka explained sum of squares

 residual squared deviations aka residual sum of squares

The constants (n − 1), (k − 1), and (n − k) are normally referred to as the number of degrees of freedom.

Example

In a very simple example, 5 observations arise from two treatments.  The first treatment gives three values 1, 2, and 3, and the second treatment gives two values 4, and 6.

Giving

 Total squared deviations = 66 − 51.2 = 14.8 with 4 degrees of freedom.
 Treatment squared deviations = 62 − 51.2 = 10.8 with 1 degree of freedom.
 Residual squared deviations = 66 − 62 = 4 with 3 degrees of freedom.

Two-way analysis of variance

See also
 Absolute deviation
 Algorithms for calculating variance
 Errors and residuals
 Least squares
 Mean squared error
 Residual sum of squares
 Root-mean-square deviation
 Variance decomposition

References

Statistical deviation and dispersion
Analysis of variance
Anthony Bonner (born June 8, 1968) is an American former professional basketball player. He played college basketball for Saint Louis.

College career
Bonner played college basketball at Saint Louis University. He is the Saint Louis Billikens' all-time leading scorer, with 1,972 points.

Professional career
Bonner was selected by the Sacramento Kings, in the first round (23rd overall pick) of the 1990 NBA draft. He played six seasons in the NBA, for the Kings, New York Knicks, and Orlando Magic. He averaged 6.9 points per game in his NBA career. In 2002, at the age of 34, he attempted an NBA comeback with the Utah Jazz. He was cut after playing in 4 preseason games.

He also played in Europe for several notable teams, including PAOK in Greece and Virtus Bologna in Italy.

See also
 List of NCAA Division I men's basketball season rebounding leaders

References

External links

1968 births
Living people
20th-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century African-American sportspeople
African-American basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Argentina
American expatriate basketball people in Greece
American expatriate basketball people in Italy
American expatriate basketball people in Russia
American expatriate basketball people in Spain
American expatriate basketball people in Turkey
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from St. Louis
BC UNICS players
Capitanes de Arecibo players
CBA All-Star Game players
CB Breogán players
CB Valladolid players
Galatasaray S.K. (men's basketball) players
Great Lakes Storm players
Leones de Ponce basketball players
Liga ACB players
Maratonistas de Coamo players
New York Knicks players
Orlando Magic players
P.A.O.K. BC players
Peñarol de Mar del Plata basketball players
Power forwards (basketball)
Sacramento Kings draft picks
Sacramento Kings players
Saint Louis Billikens men's basketball players
Saski Baskonia players
Small forwards
Virtus Bologna players
Brujos de Guayama players
Helsingborgs Simsällskap, commonly known as Helsingborgs S or HS, is a Swedish swim team based in Helsingborg, Skåne County and founded in on 10 June 1907. The club's activities take place in Filbornabadet and Simhallsbadet. The most famous swimmers are Therese Alshammar, Helena Åberg, Johanna Sjöberg and Emma Igelström, who have all competed in the Summer Olympics.

Swimmers 
Swimmers that have participated in the Summer Olympics while representing Helsingborgs S:

Helena Åberg
Louise Hansson
Sophie Hansson
Suzanne Nilsson
Per-Ola Quist
Johanna Sjöberg

Coaches 
Hans Chrunak

References

External links 
Helsingborgs SS's official homepage (In Swedish)

Sports clubs and teams in Helsingborg
Sports clubs and teams established in 1907
Swimming clubs in Sweden
The Longhai Expressway () is a  long elevated expressway in Zhengzhou, Henan, China. 

The construction of the expressway began in 2013 and was finished in 2015. The maximum speed on the expressway is 80 km/h.

Route
The expressway eastern terminus is at Shangdu Avenue (G220 / G310). It is then elevated above Anping Road, Yongping Road, Huozhan Street, and Longhai Road from east to west.

The Route B5 of Zhengzhou BRT runs mostly under this elevated expressway.

Exit list 

From east to west:

References

Expressways in Henan
Transport in Henan
Expressways in Zhengzhou
Apache Jena is an open source Semantic Web framework for Java. It provides an API to extract data from and write to RDF graphs. The graphs are represented as an abstract "model". A model can be sourced with data from files, databases, URLs or a combination of these. A model can also be queried through SPARQL 1.1.

Jena is similar to RDF4J (formerly OpenRDF Sesame); though, unlike RDF4J, Jena provides support for OWL (Web Ontology Language). The framework has various internal reasoners and the Pellet reasoner (an open source Java OWL-DL reasoner) can be set up to work in Jena.

Jena supports serialisation of RDF graphs to:
a relational database
RDF/XML
Turtle
TriG
Notation 3
JSON-LD

Versions

After Apache integration
Jena was integrated as a project under the umbrella of The Apache Software Foundation in April 2012, after having been in the Apache Incubator since November 2010.

Before Apache integration
Jena was created by HP Labs and was on SourceForge since 2001, and was donated to The Apache Software Foundation in November 2010.

Fuseki
Fuseki is an HTTP interface to RDF data. It supports SPARQL for querying and updating. The project is a sub-project of Jena and is developed as servlet. Fuseki can also be run stand-alone server as it ships preconfigured with the Jetty web server.

ARQ
ARQ is a query engine within Jena that supports SPARQL.

References

External links

Jena
Resource Description Framework
Semantic Web
Triplestores
Greatest Hits is the only compilation album by American rock band Boston. Released on June 3, 1997, the album features songs originally released on both the Epic and MCA record labels, as well as three previously unreleased recordings ("Tell Me", "Higher Power" and "The Star-Spangled Banner"). Tom Scholz, the band's leader, felt that the album's audio quality was not up to his standards, so a remastered version of the album was released in 2009 with a slightly different track listing. Boston embarked on a tour for this album both times it was released.

The album was certified double platinum by the RIAA on December 4, 2003, and it has sold 2,234,000 copies in the United States as of August 2014.

The cover features the guitar-shaped spaceship flying low over a planet with turquoise rocks and a turquoise tower in the distance. The backside shows a personification of New York City. It is unknown why the band chose New York City instead of Boston, the city the band is named after and which they usually show on their artwork.

Track listing

Notes

Personnel

Boston 
 Tom Scholz – guitar, bass, organ, drums, clavinet, keyboards, hand clapping
 Brad Delp – vocals, guitar
 Barry Goudreau – guitar
 Fran Sheehan – bass
 Sib Hashian – drums

Additional personnel 
 Jim Masdea – drums
 Gary Pihl – guitar
 Fran Cosmo – vocals
 David Sikes – bass guitar, vocals
 Doug Huffman – drums

Charts

Certifications

References 

1997 greatest hits albums
Albums produced by Tom Scholz
Boston (band) albums
Epic Records compilation albums
Legacy Recordings compilation albums
Howard Alfred Bennett (20 August 1892 – 13 January 1973) was an English cricketer. Bennett was a right-handed batsman and leg-break bowler who played for Northamptonshire. He was born in Alcester, Warwickshire and died in Southbourne, Bournemouth.

Bennett made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1920 season. In the two innings in which he batted, he scored a single run. He bowled six overs during the match, conceding 51 runs.

External links
Howard Bennett at Cricket Archive 

1892 births
1973 deaths
English cricketers
Northamptonshire cricketers
People from Alcester
Abhay Shreeniwas Oka (born 25 May 1960) is a judge of the Supreme Court of India. He is a former chief justice of the Karnataka High Court and judge of the Bombay High Court.

Career 
Oka was born on 25 May 1960. He was enrolled as an advocate on 28 June 1983. He practised for 19 years in the Bombay High Court, appellate side, Bombay in civil, constitutional and service matters and specialised in all the matters.

He was appointed an additional judge of the Bombay High Court on 29 August 2003 and appointed a permanent judge on 12 November 2005.

He was appointed chief justice of the Karnataka High Court on 30 April 2019 and sworn in as chief justice of the Karnataka High Court on 10 May 2019.

He was elevated as a judge of the Supreme Court of India on 26 August 2021 and took oath on 31 August 2021.

References 

1960 births
Living people
21st-century Indian judges
Chief Justices of the Karnataka High Court
Judges of the Bombay High Court
Justices of the Supreme Court of India
University of Mumbai alumni
is a retired Japanese gymnast.

He represented Japan at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, where he won gold in the team competition.

Fujimoto won fame by continuing to compete in the team event right after severely injuring his right knee during his floor exercise. He scored 9.5 on the pommel horse and 9.7 on the still rings with the badly damaged knee, dismounting from the rings from eight feet above ground and keeping his balance after landing on his feet. One source has described the scene thus: that he "raised his arms in a perfect finish before collapsing in agony". That account, however, is erroneous.

Video of Fujimoto’s rings routine, including the dismount and immediate aftermath, is easily accessible on the internet, and it is unambiguously clear that, despite the physical agony of performing his routine and landing, he did not collapse after completing his dismount. Instead, immediately upon his landing, as Fujimoto’s knees bent to absorb the shock, his right knee started to give way, wobbling and almost collapsing. But he controlled his balance, taking a very slight hop on his left foot, bringing his feet together, straightening his legs and body to a fully upright position, and raising his arms to complete the landing posture. He then turned and walked from the apparatus, and down the steps from the competition platform. He was limping markedly, but made it back to his seat without ever collapsing.

Nevertheless, the dismount aggravated his already serious injury, dislocating his broken kneecap and tearing ligaments in his right leg. Doctors ordered him to withdraw from further competition or risk permanent disability. One doctor stated:
"How he managed to do somersaults and twists and land without collapsing in screams is beyond my comprehension."

Fujimoto stated that he had not wanted to let his team down by revealing his injury. His completing of the pommel horse and rings events enabled the team to win gold, defeating the team from the Soviet Union by a narrow margin. Later, when asked whether he would do what he did again, he replied frankly, "No, I would not."

Fujimoto's performing in spite of serious injury was humorously alluded to in The Simpsons episode, "Lisa's First Word".

In 2017, Fujimoto was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame.

References

1950 births
Living people
Japanese male artistic gymnasts
Gymnasts at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Olympic gymnasts for Japan
Olympic gold medalists for Japan
Nippon Sport Science University alumni
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics
20th-century Japanese people
21st-century Japanese people
Market Square is an open air urban space in Warwick, Warwickshire, England. It has for many centuries been the centre of the town taking on a number of functions during its history.

Although Warwick as a town dates from before the Norman Conquest, one of the earliest recorded events to take place in the square was the mop fair which was chartered in the 14th century by Edward III. The square was named Mount Pleasant in 1806 In 1855 a corn exchange was built at the south of square, was demolished in the mid-20th century and is now a row of shops with flats above. One of the oldest buildings left in the square is the Market Hall which was built in 1670. It exists today as a council run museum. There was a fountain in the middle of the square until the mid-20th century which has now been removed. Connected to its north east corner is the much smaller Old Square, containing St Mary's Church.

The Square today

The square is bounded to the north by Shire Hall, the main offices of Warwickshire County Council and to the south by the Warwickshire County Museum which is located in the old Market Hall. The eastern and western edges contain shops, restaurants and pubs. Street markets take place each Saturday as well as Farmers' markets on the fifth Saturday of each month. For four nights of the year in October the square still hosts the mop, a travelling funfair. In the corner of the square is life sized statue of former World Middleweight boxing champion Randolph Turpin which was unveiled in 2001.

Although mostly pedestrianised there are two one-way streets on the north and west sides of the square and a small number of parking spaces. Public toilets are open during the day and early evening with separate facilities for men, women and disabled users. There are two public car parks and the town's main bus station within two minutes walk of the square.

References

Squares in England
Retail markets in England
Warwick
Archie Barney Smith (July 1, 1896 – October 2, 1951) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Cumberland County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1937 to 1945. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia.

Biography
Born in 1896 at Rodney, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, Smith was a lumber dealer, farmer and contractor by career. He married Agnes Reid in 1919. Smith served as a municipal councillor in Cumberland County for 12 years.

Smith entered provincial politics in 1937, when he was elected in the dual-member Cumberland County riding with Conservative Percy Chapman Black. Following Black's resignation, Smith served with Conservative Leonard William Fraser. In the 1941 election, Smith finished 140 votes ahead of Fraser to win the second seat, with Liberal Kenneth Judson Cochrane winning the first. He was defeated when he ran for re-election in 1945, finishing third behind Cochrane and Liberal Martin J. Kaufman.

On September 26, 1951, Smith was involved in an automobile accident in Kemptown, Nova Scotia. He died as a result of his injuries at Truro on October 2.

References

1896 births
1951 deaths
Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia MLAs
People from Cumberland County, Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia municipal councillors
"Production and Decay of Strange Particles" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on 20 April 1964, during the first season.

In a nuclear research plant, although the workers wear radiation suits, they are taken over by some odd glowing substance.  It fills their suits and causes them to act like puppets.

The episode mentions many modern physics concepts such as neutrinos, antimatter, quasi-stellar objects (at that time just discovered and perhaps mentioned here in TV fiction for the first time) and subatomic particles with the property of "strangeness" (a quantum property of matter which had been named only a few years before by physicists, despite objection at the time that it was no more "strange" or odd than any other property of subatomic particles). The episode name echoes a Physical Review paper of 1956, titled "Cloud-Chamber Study of the Production and Decay of Strange Particles."

Opening narration
In recent years, nuclear physicists have discovered a strange world of subatomic particles, fragments of atoms smaller than the imagination can picture, fragments of materials which do not obey the laws of gravity. Antimatter composed of inside-out material; shadow-matter that can penetrate ten miles of lead shielding. Hidden deep in the heart of strange new elements are secrets beyond human understanding – new powers, new dimensions, worlds within worlds, unknown.

Plot
A well-crafted riff on Frankenstein.  While experimenting on subatomic particles, physics researchers start a chain reaction that seemingly controls the researchers themselves. Scientist after scientist is consumed, turned into nuclear 'zombies' by what seems to be a form of sentient particle from another dimension.  The reaction grows towards a terrible climax.  The survivors fear they may be powerless to stop it. Just as the ever-expanding particles are about to engulf the lab and explode into an atomic cataclysm that could destroy the world, the head of the research facility calculates a formula that reverses the effects of the reaction, incorporates a random element, and neutralizes the new lifeform.

Closing narration
As Man explores the secrets of the universe, strange and inscrutable powers await him. And whether these powers are to become forces of destruction or forces of construction will ultimately depend upon simple but profound human qualities: Inspiration. Integrity. Courage.

Cast

References

External links

The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 1) episodes
1964 American television episodes
Physics in fiction
is a city located in central Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 52,433, and a population density of 1,100 persons per km² in 19,535 households. The total area of the city is .

Geography
Tomiya is located in central Miyagi Prefecture, bordered by the Sendai metropolis to the south.

Neighboring municipalities
Miyagi Prefecture
Sendai
Taiwa
Rifu

Climate
The city has a climate characterized by cool summers and long cold winters (Köppen climate classification Cfa).  The average annual temperature in Tomiya is 12.1 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1251 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 24.8 °C, and lowest in January, at around 0.6 °C.

Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Tomiya has expanded rapidly over the past 50 years.

History
The area of present-day Tomiya was part of ancient Mutsu Province, and has been settled since at least the Jōmon period by the Emishi people. During later portion of the Heian period, the area was ruled by the Northern Fujiwara. During the Sengoku period, the area was contested by various samurai clans before the area came under the control of the Date clan of Sendai Domain during the Edo period, under the Tokugawa shogunate. During the Edo period, Tomiya was a post town on the Ōshū Kaidō highway connecting Edo with northern Japan.

The village of Tomiya was created on April 1, 1889 with the post-Meiji restoration establishment of the modern municipalities system. It was raised to town status on April 1, 1963 and raised to city status on October 10, 2016.

Government
Tomita has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature of 20 members. Tomita, together with Kurokawa District collectively contributes two seats to the Miyagi Prefectural legislature. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Miyagi 4th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy
Tomiya has a mixed economy with five industrial parks, but is also noted for its production of blueberries and bean sprouts. The city is also  a bedroom community for the neighboring metropolis of Sendai.

Education
Tomiya has eight public elementary schools and five public middle schools operated by the city government, and one public high school operated by the Miyagi Prefectural Board of Education. The prefectural also operations one special education school for the handicapped.

Transportation

Railway
Tomiya does not have any passenger railway service.

Highway
  – Tomiya Junction
  – Tomiya Junction – Tomiya Interchange

Mascots

Tomiya has two mascots, Buruberi Musume (ブルベリッ娘, lit: Blueberry Girl) and Burupiyo (ブルピヨ). The characters where created in 2016, alongside the city's founding. Buruberi Musume is a girl and Burupiyos gender is unknown. Tomiya makes a lot of merchandise of the mascots, including stickers on the Japanese social media LINE.

References

External links

Official Website 

 
Cities in Miyagi Prefecture
Populated places established in 2016
American Orient Express, formerly the American European Express, operated a single luxury passenger train set in charter service between 1989 and 2008 and operated on routes throughout North America. The company was based in Seattle, Washington.

Background
A full dome car was added to the consist in the mid 2000s and offered a panoramic view of the passing landscape. The train was priced from $2,000 to $10,000 per trip one way and included meals, entertainment, and hotel stays. The train operated under contract with Amtrak and used both Amtrak locomotives and crews. It typically ran on freight only routes that had not seen passenger service in more than 50 years. Some of the more popular routes included the Los Angeles–Washington, D.C., transcontinental (taking eight days) and the Rocky Mountain Adventure. Both featured scenic segments with long layovers at certain stops, similar to a cruise ship. The trips were only one way, requiring debarking passengers to either take a bus or airplane to return to their home terminal.

Luxury passenger train excursions, including the AOE, ceased operations during the late 2000s recession. During the final excursions, it was not uncommon for there to be more crew members than passengers on the train. As part of a restructuring, the train was briefly renamed GrandLuxe Journeys with trips primarily running into Mexico. These final trips proved costly and unpopular, and operations was terminated in 2008. Most of the equipment was either sold off or scrapped.

There is no relation between this train and the Venice-Simplon Orient Express or any other Orient Express service.

References

Defunct railroad companies of the United States
American companies established in 1989
American companies disestablished in 2008
Railway companies established in 1989
Railway companies disestablished in 2008