Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The topographic wetness index (TWI), also known as the compound topographic index (CTI), is a steady state wetness index. It is commonly used to quantify topographic control on hydrological processes.  The index is a function of both the slope and the upstream contributing area per unit width orthogonal to the flow direction. The index was designed for hillslope catenas. Accumulation numbers in flat areas will be very large, so TWI will not be a relevant variable. The index is highly correlated with several soil attributes such as horizon depth, silt percentage, organic matter content, and phosphorus. Methods of computing this index differ primarily in the way the upslope contributing area is calculated.

Definition
The topographic wetness index is defined as:

where  is the local upslope area draining through a certain point per unit contour length and  is the local slope in radians. The TWI has been used to study spatial scale effects on hydrological processes. The topographic wetness index (TWI) was developed by Beven and Kirkby within the runoff model TOPMODEL. Although the topographic wetness index is not a unitless number, it is sufficiently approximate that its interpretation doesn't rely on its physical units. Rather, it should be interpreted that areas with similar TWIs become saturated under similar moisture conditions, as described by Dr John Lindsay of the University of Guelph.

Uses
The TWI has been used to study spatial scale effects on hydrological processes and to identify hydrological flow paths for geochemical modelling, as well as to characterize biological processes such as annual net primary production, vegetation patterns, and forest site quality.

References

Topography
Hydrology
Harvey R. Kenton (born 1940/1941) is an American politician. He was a Republican member of the Delaware House of Representatives from 2011 to 2019, representing District 36.

Career and education
After graduating from high school, Kenton enlisted in the United States Navy.  He worked in agriculture for decades before being elected to the Delaware House of Representatives in 2010.

In June 2021, at the age of 80, Kenton earned an associate degree in applied science for production agriculture from Delaware Technical Community College, also winning the Outstanding Graduate Award.

Electoral history
In 2010, Kenton won the general election with 5,229 votes (54.3%) against Democratic nominee C. Russell McCabe to replace retiring Republican V. George Carey.
In 2012, Kenton was unopposed in the general election, winning 6,298 votes.
In 2014, Kenton was unopposed in the general election, winning 4,455 votes.
In 2016, Kenton was unopposed in the general election, winning 7,175 votes.

References

External links
Official page at the Delaware General Assembly
Campaign site
 

Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
1940s births
Living people
Republican Party members of the Delaware House of Representatives
21st-century American politicians
People from Milford, Delaware
The Party of Patriots of Kazakhstan (, QPP) was a political party in Kazakhstan. At the legislative elections of 19 September and 3 October 2004, the party won 0.6% of the popular vote and no seats in the Majilis (legislative assembly). In the 18 August 2007 elections, the party won 0.75% of the popular vote and no seats.

The party on 5 September 2015 merged with Kazakhstani Social Democratic Party Auyl to form the Auyl People's Democratic Patriotic Party in which according to QPP members was due to both parties having the same priorities, noting the fact that they were part of the Kazakhstan-2050 political alliance.

References 

Defunct political parties in Kazakhstan
The 1986–87 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team represented the University of Idaho during the 1986–87 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Members of the Big Sky Conference, the Vandals were led by first-year head coach Tim Floyd and played their home games on campus at the Kibbie Dome in Moscow, Idaho.

The Vandals were  overall in the regular season and  in conference play. At the conference tournament in Flagstaff, Arizona, Idaho met third-seed Montana in the first quarterfinal at noon and won by a point, the program's first postseason win in five years.  semifinal the next night, the Vandals lost to seventh-seed Idaho State, the eventual champion, by nineteen to end the season 

Assistants Kermit Davis and Larry Eustachy were both future head coaches of the program.

Postseason results

|-
!colspan=6 style=| Big Sky tournament

References

External links
Sports Reference – Idaho Vandals: 1986–87 basketball season
Gem of the Mountains: 1987 University of Idaho yearbook – 1986–87 basketball season
Idaho Argonaut – student newspaper – 1987 editions

Idaho Vandals men's basketball seasons
Idaho
Idaho
Idaho
The following is a sortable table of all songs by Frank Sinatra:

 The column Song lists the song title.
 The column Year lists the year in which the song was recorded.
（Note: Such words as a, an, and the are not recognized as first words of titles）:

References

External links 
Blue Eyes - Frank Sinatra discography

 
Sinatra, Frank
Frank Sinatra
Lontzen () is a municipality located in East Belgium. On January 1, 2018 Lontzen had a total population of 5,695. The total area is 28.73 km² which gives a population density of 198 inhabitants per km².

The municipality consists of the following sub-municipalities: Lontzen proper, Herbesthal, and Walhorn.

In the 19th century, a Low Franconian dialect was widely spoken in Lontzen.

See also
 List of protected heritage sites in Lontzen

References

External links
 
 Official web page
The Wizard of A.I.D.S.: Aware Individuals Deserving Survival is a short musical play created by the AIDS Educational Theatre (now HealthWorks Theatre) in Chicago in 1987. The play, which parodies the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz, is an AIDS education piece that follows Dorothy Gale and her friends from the "Land of AIDS" as they battle the "Wicked Witch of Unsafe Sex" and learn how to prevent the spread of HIV. Along the way, the Scarecrow learns to use his brain to make good choices to avoid infection, the Tin Man finds it in his heart to feel compassion for people with the disease and the Cowardly Lion realizes the courage to face his fears about becoming ill. The musical plays on the popularity of the film among gay people, a group of high risk for AIDS infection. During and after the play, cast members distribute HIV-prevention literature and condoms to the audience.

Aiming for an audience of teenagers and young adults, HealthWorks tours the piece to high schools and college campuses across the country, occasionally sparking controversy. Although Dorothy chooses abstinence as her prevention strategy, the play frankly discusses condom usage and the Wicked Witch is killed by being suffocated with a giant condom.

References

External links
 HealthWorks Theatre official site 

1987 musicals
HIV/AIDS in theatre
LGBT-related musicals
Musicals based on The Wizard of Oz
Anna Kisselgoff (born 12 January 1938) is a dance critic and cultural news reporter for The New York Times.  She began at the Times as a dance critic and cultural news reporter in 1968, and became its Chief Dance Critic in 1977, a role she held until 2005.  She left the Times as an employee at the end of 2006, but still contributes to the paper.

Biography
She was born on 12 January 1938 in Paris. Kisselgoff began studying ballet at the age of four in New York City with Valentina Belova, and later for nine years with Jean Yazvinsky. She graduated from Bryn Mawr College, and then studied French History at the Sorbonne and Russian at the School of Oriental Languages in Paris. Later, she received an M.A. in European History and an M.A. in journalism at Columbia University.

Before joining The New York Times, she wrote features and dance reviews as a freelancer for the New York Times International Edition and worked at the English desk of Agence France-Presse in Paris.

Other work
Aside from writing for the Times, Kisselgoff has taught ballet history at Yale University in 1980 and a Contemporary Choreographers course at Barnard College in 1982, 1984, and 1986. She also lectured at Hollins University from 2006 to 2008. Kisselgoff has also worked as a consultant, and wrote the foreword for Bronislava Nijinska: Early Memoirs.

Awards
Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog by Queen Margrethe II of Denmark
Chevalier of the Order of Arts and Letters by the French Government
Order of the Falcon by the President of Iceland

Writing awards
Distinguished Alumni Award from the Columbia Graduate School of Journalism
Honorary Doctorate from Adelphi University
Dean's Award for Distinguished Achievement from the Columbia University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Ernie from Dance/USA in 2008

References

External links

New York Times recent and archived news articles by Kisselgoff

1938 births
Living people
French emigrants to the United States
Critics employed by The New York Times
American dance critics
Bryn Mawr College alumni
University of Paris alumni
Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism alumni
Yale University faculty
Barnard College faculty
American women journalists
American women critics
American women academics
21st-century American women
Cumianus ( 641 –  736) was an Irish monk who became abbot of San Colombano di Bobbio around 715. He left Ireland as an old man. The intricately carved lid of his sarcophagus, containing a lengthy epitaph, was made by one Master John and commissioned by King Liutprand, King of the Lombards.

The inscription on the tomb reads as follows; it is written in rhythmic hexameters, a kind of hexameter in which word accent is taken into account rather than syllable length:

"Here lie the sacred limbs of Cumian;
whose soul, entering heaven, rejoices with the angels.
He was great in dignity, nobility, and beauty.
Ireland sent him as an old man to the lands of Italy:
located in Bobbio, constrained by love of the Lord,
where, by preserving the teaching of the venerable Columban,
keeping watch, fasting, tireless, constantly praying,
for four olympiads and the course of one year
he lived so felicitously that he is believed to be only fortunate,
gentle, wise, pious, peaceful to all brothers.
He lived for 90 years
and one period of five years and four months altogether.
But, most excellent Father, be a powerful intercessor
for the most glorious King Liutprand, who
has devotedly decorated your tomb with precious stone,
so that it may be manifest where your kindly body is buried."

Notes

640s births
730s deaths
8th-century Irish abbots
People from Bobbio
The Autocrat was a British car manufacturer operating from 1913 to 1926. The company operated from premises in the Balsall Heath area of Birmingham.  Unusually for the time the company seems to have been run by two women, Ivy Rogers and Miss Howell.

The first cars in 1913 were cyclecars powered at first by Peugeot and later by JAP air cooled V-twin engines.  The Peugeot engine was mounted with its cylinders in a "fore and aft" layout and drove the rear axle via a chain but the JAP version had the engine mounted across the chassis with a chain drive to a separate gearbox and shaft to the back axle.  In spite of being air cooled both cars had a dummy radiator.

The cyclecar was quickly joined by a light car with a 1098 cc four cylinder Chapuis-Dornier engine and shaft drive to a three speed gearbox. Production of the V-twins stopped in 1914.Some car production seems to have continued into World War I and in 1915 a 1340 cc Coventry Simplex engined car was listed.

In 1919 a new range of 10-12 hp cars was introduced with engines from a variety of makers including Meadows, Coventry Simplex and Dorman.  Capacities varied from 1500cc to 2000cc. Drive was to the rear axle via a three of four speed gearbox and torque tube.  The suspension used semi elliptic leaf springs all round.  Autocrat build their own coachwork to a very high standard  but the price was high at £875 in 1920.  Electric starting was introduced in 1923 and a closed body was offered alongside the open cars. A detachable hard top was also available for some models and a sports version with the chassis lowered by 3.5 inches was listed.

The company was taken over by Calthorpe in 1926 and the factory was closed.

References 

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of England
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1913
Defunct companies based in Birmingham, West Midlands
Manufacturing companies based in Birmingham, West Midlands
Kinah, ḳinah or qinah (plural kinoth, qinot, qinoth) is Hebrew for a dirge or lamentation. Its general meaning is a dirge or lament, especially as sung by Jewish professional mourning women. Specifically, it can refer to one of the many Hebrew elegies chanted traditionally on Tisha B'Av. The Jerusalem Bible refers to Isaiah 47 as a qinah or "lament for Babylon", and to Ezekiel 19 as a qinah or lamentation over the rulers  of Israel. A. W. Streane suggests that , on the prophesied downfall of Jerusalem, is written "in Ḳinah metre".

Kinah was also a city in the extreme south of Judah (). It was probably not far from the Dead Sea, in the Wady Fikreh.

References 

Hebrew Bible cities
Hebrew words and phrases
Andrew Taylor (born 22 July 1963) is a New Zealand sailor who has competed in multiple Whitbread Round the World Races and America's Cups.

Taylor sailed the 1985–86 Whitbread Round the World Race on Lion New Zealand before joining New Zealand Challenge. He sailed on KZ 7 at the 1987 Louis Vuitton Cup and on KZ 1 during the 1988 America's Cup.

Taylor then sailed in the 1989–90 Whitbread Round the World Race on Fisher & Paykel NZ. He re-joined New Zealand Challenge for the 1992 Louis Vuitton Cup.

Taylor then joined Team New Zealand and was a grinder on board NZL 32 when they won the 1995 Louis Vuitton Cup and 1995 America's Cup. He then sailed in Team New Zealand's successful defence of the 2000 America's Cup. He was the only person to sail in every New Zealand America's Cup campaign to this point.

He joined the American OneWorld Challenge for the 2003 Louis Vuitton Cup. With Rohan Lord, he placed ninth in the 2004 Star World Championships, before joining Luna Rossa Challenge for the 2007 Louis Vuitton Cup.

References

Living people
1963 births
New Zealand male sailors (sport)
Volvo Ocean Race sailors
1987 America's Cup sailors
1988 America's Cup sailors
1992 America's Cup sailors
1995 America's Cup sailors
2000 America's Cup sailors
2003 America's Cup sailors
2007 America's Cup sailors
Team New Zealand sailors
Luna Rossa Challenge sailors
Brixton Hill is the name given to a  section of road between Brixton and Streatham Hill in south London, England.

Brixton Hill and Streatham Hill form part of the traditional main London to Brighton road (A23). The road follows the line of a Roman Road, the London to Brighton Way, which diverges from Stane Street near Kennington, and led south from the capital, Londinium, to a port on the south coast.

History
Prior to the late 19th century, the road was known as Brixton (or Bristow) Causeway. On the eastern side of the road, a series of tree-lined open spaces and front gardens make up Rush Common — an area of former common land that, although it is subject to a prohibition on 'erections above the surface of the earth' under an Act of Parliament of 1806, has seen some incursions for building.

The name Brixton Hill has subsequently been given to the residential areas on both sides of the road, and from 2002 to 2022, it was also the name of an electoral ward of the London Borough of Lambeth.

From 1891 until the 1950s Brixton Hill was served by a regular London tram service; it was cable-drawn until 1904 when it was replaced by a conventional electric tram. The tram depot at Streatham Hill, opposite Telford Avenue, housed the tram cars, horses and the steam-powered winding gear for the cable. It is now a bus depot.
Another surviving tram shed, which can still be seen near the junction of Brixton Hill with Christchurch Road, was designed by London County Council Tramways' architect G. Topham Forest, and had a capacity of 30 trams.

Notable residents
Edward Petherick, Australian bookseller and bibliophile lived at Yarra Yarra 30 Brixton Hill. He maintained a library, which was particularly extensive as regards Australia. George William Rusden was a frequent visitor when writing his books History of Australia and History of New Zealand.
Tom Holland
67 (rap group)
Sarah Everard, a marketing executive was living here. She was murdered in 2021.

Lambeth Council elections

References 

 

Streets in the London Borough of Lambeth
Brixton
Atrazine Chlorohydrolase (AtzA) is an enzyme (E.C.3.8.1.8), which catalyzes the conversion of atrazine to hydroxyatrazine. Bacterial degradation determines the environmental impact and efficacy of an herbicide or pesticide.  Initially, most pesticides are highly effective and show minimal bacterial degradation; however, bacteria can rapidly evolve and gain the ability to metabolize potential nutrients in the environment. Despite a remarkable structural similarity, degradation of atrazine by bacteria capable of melamine degradation was rare; however, since its introduction as a pesticide in the United States, bacteria capable of atrazine degradation have evolved. Currently, Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP seems to be the optimal bacterial strain for atrazine degradations, which appears to be the sole nitrogen source for the bacteria.

Reaction 
AtzA is an atrazine-dechlorinating enzyme with fairly restricted substrate specificity and plays a main role in the hydrolysis of atrazine to hydroxyatrazine in soils and groundwater.   Atrazine Hydroxyatrazine is a hydrolase (an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a chemical bond ), which acts on halide bonds in C-halide compounds. In 1993, pseudomonas sp. strain ADP was shown to degrade atrazine to cyanuric acid via three steps, the first of which is a dechlorination.

Genetics 

De Souza, Sadowsky and Wackett were able to determine the nucleotide and amino acid sequence in 1996. This enzyme is 98% identical in amino acid sequence, and subsequently in 3-D structure, to melamine deaminase but functionally different catalyzing the degradation of different substrates.  The gene coding for the enzyme shows 99% similarity between bacteria.  In fact there is only a 9-nucleotide difference, directly corresponding to the amino acid differences.  The nucleotide differences are unlikely to cause a conformational change in the enzyme but rather site-specific alterations.  This seems logical considering the remarkable similarity in the substrates and the relatively short period of evolution.

Specificity 

AtzA was shown to displace fluoride as well as chlorine but not azido, cyano, methoxy, which are of similar size and electronegativity, or thiomethyl or amino groups.  The inability of AtzA to perform deamination makes it unique within its superfamily, amidohydrolases. Furthermore, atrazine is not degraded by melamine deaminase and it does not inhibit melamine deaminase activity suggesting the active site is not specific for atrazine.

References 

EC 3.8.1
Seated Young Shepherd is an oil-on-canvas painting by the French artist Hippolyte Flandrin, executed in 1834, now in the Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon, which acquired it in 2012.

History and description
The Italian model who posed for this painting is found in other Flandrin compositions, while the landscape is undoubtedly imaginary, and the painting was probably painted in the studio.

The painting presents a naked young man, with black hair, bowed head, and nonchalant attitude, seated at the foot of an imposing tree trunk. Presented as a shepherd, with a vigorous and muscular body, he holds a shepherd's staff between his legs, while his orange-colored cloak is wrapped around his left arm. In the background to the left stretches a rural landscape made up of scanty vegetation, while can be seen a flock of sheep with another shepherd lying on the ground, and a cliff, all under a pale blue sky.

Analysis
Flandrin was known for his interest in the eroticism of the male nude forms. The current work has been described as a celebration of male beauty. The visual grammar of the painting accentuates the young man's (albeit hidden) genitals. In fact, the layout of the diagonals that are created in the panorama guide the viewer's gaze right towards the boy's groin, which is located exactly in the center of the picture. The virility of the subject is hidden by the cloak, but the sensuality of the work is nevertheless accentuated by the languid pose of the model and by the phallic symbols of the rod and the trunk.

References

External links

1834 paintings
Paintings by Hippolyte Flandrin
Paintings in the Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon
Nude art
The Fourth of July Creek is a creek on the Kenai Peninsula in Alaska. It rises on the upper Resurrection Peninsula from various glaciers in the Chugach Mountains that drain the Sargeant Icefield and flows  to empty into Resurrection Bay near Seward. Fourth of July Creek formed some time after 1850, when Godwin Glacier retreated from the shores of Resurrection Bay, uncovering the stream and the broad valley it flows through. The creek was formerly known as the Godwin River, before the aforementioned glacier split into two valleys creating a separate tributary of the waterway, today known as Godwin Creek.

Fishing and recreation
Fishing for salmon is not permitted in the Fourth of July Creek. However, its delta remains a popular fishing spot, as Resurrection Bay has a very productive silver salmon fishery. This delta is at a rocky and sandy coastal area known as Fourth of July Beach, and is publicly accessible by going around the adjacent shipyard's private property.

References

Rivers of Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska
Rivers of Alaska
Gold is a 2010 Japanese television drama series with 11 episodes that aired from July 8 to September 16.

Cast

Main
Yūki Amami as Yūri Saotome
Masami Nagasawa as Rika Nīkura
Tori Matsuzaka as Kō Saotome
Emi Takei as Akira Saotome
Takashi Sorimachi as Jōji Hasumi

Guest
Susumu Terajima as Tatsuya Akashi
Gō Ayano as Yōsuke Utsugi
Haru as Ryōko Shiina
Nao Minamisawa as Maiko Jindai

References

External links
  
 

Japanese drama television series
2010 Japanese television series debuts
2010 Japanese television series endings
Fuji TV dramas
Television shows written by Shinji Nojima
Thomas Rhodes may refer to:

 Thomas William Rhodes (1860–1944), New Zealand politician
 Thomas L. Rhodes, American political editor
 Thomas Rhodes (cricketer) (1874–1936), English cricketer
 Tom Rhodes (born 1967), American comedian
 Thomas Rhodes (MP) for Hastings