Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Josephine Maria Ransom, née Davies (1879-1960) was an Australian Theosophist and writer. She served as General Secretary of three different national sections of the Theosophical Society, and wrote A Short History of the Theosophical Society. Ransom was also Honorary Secretary of the Britain and India Association, and editor of its magazine Britain and India.

Life
Josephine Davies was born in Armidale, Australia on 22 March 1879. She travelled to India, where she became a member of the Theosophical Society in 1897, and  worked with Annie Besant in Ceylon (today Sri Lanka).

After moving to England, she attempted to make the English more aware of Indian attitudes. In 1918 she lectured English audiences advocating Indian self-government. After the Jallianwala Bagh massacre she founded an illustrated monthly magazine, Britain and India, 'for the Promotion of Friendliness, Understanding and Sympathy between Britain and India'. Charlotte Despard, persuaded by Annie Besant that "womenhood everywhere is one", contributed an address to Indian women in support of the franchise for Indian women. Sarojini Naidu, then living in London, also wrote for the journal, and it featured interviews with other intellectuals such as Rabindranath Tagore. By August 1920 the magazine needed to become bimonthly, and financial difficulties forced its closure at the end of the year.

Ransom also regularly lectured on different aspects of Theosophy, and was active in the organization of the Theosophical Society. She was General Secretary of the Australian Section of the Theosophical Society in 1924–5, and General Secretary of the South African Section in 1926–7. She was General Secretary of the English Section between 1933 and 1936. .

Though Ransom was nominated Vice-President of the Theosophical Society in 1960, she never assumed office. After a traffic accident in London, she died on 2 December 1960.

Works
 Schools of To-morrow in England. London: G. Bell and Sons, 1919.
 Indian Tales of Love and Beauty. Adyar, Madras, India: Theosophist Office, 1912. With a foreword by Annie Besant. 
 Irish Tales of Love and Beauty. London : Arthur H. Stockwell, 1924.
 Madame Blavatsky as Occultist. London: Theosophical Publishing House, 1931.
 Studies in the Secret Doctrine. Wheaton, Ill., The Theosophical Press, 1934.
 The Seventy-Fifth Anniversary Book of the Theosophical Society: a short history of the society's growth from 1926-1950. Adyar, India: Theosophical Publishing House, 1950.
 A Short History of the Theosophical Society. Adyar, India: Theosophical Publishing House, 1938. With a preface by G. S. Arundale.

References

External links
 Josephine Ransom at the Theosophy wiki

1879 births
1960 deaths
Australian Theosophists
Australian religious writers
People from Armidale
West Fork Cimarron River is an  tributary of the Cimarron River in Colorado. The river's source is west of Coxcomb Peak in the Uncompahgre Wilderness of Hinsdale County.  It joins the Cimarron River in Gunnison County.

Gallery

See also
List of rivers of Colorado
List of tributaries of the Colorado River

References

Rivers of Colorado
Rivers of Gunnison County, Colorado
Rivers of Hinsdale County, Colorado
Tributaries of the Colorado River in Colorado
The Avalon Theater is a Historic Art Deco style Movie theater located in the commercial district of Larimore, North Dakota, United States.  Built in 1938 as a 350-seat theater, the Avalon's most significant feature is its Art Deco detailing, especially the marquee, box office, and entry doors and continuing with simple Art Deco geometry motifs in the interior, all of which has survived.  The building is constructed of brick with a parabolic poured concrete floor in the seating area to ensure a good view for all.  The building still functions as a movie theater, with its original projectors, and also is home to local live theater groups.

The Avalon Theater is historically significant as a rare example of Art Deco theaters built during the Great Depression.  It is part of a vanishing genre of small town movie houses, and is the only remaining Art Deco building in Larimore.

The Avalon Theater played Broadway Serenade on its opening night, April 28, 1939.

History
The site of the Avalon Theatre was originally occupied by the Arnold Block, a two-story 75 by 100 ft. brick building with cut stone trimmings. Horace F. Arnold commissioned architect Joseph Bell DeRemer to design the building and it was completed in 1905. The Arnold block was destroyed by fire in 1938. The Avalon Theatre and an adjoining store were built in the shell of the building's remains which was given several architectural updates but retained some of the 1905 building's elements.

References

Art Deco architecture in North Dakota
Theatres completed in 1938
Theatres on the National Register of Historic Places in North Dakota
1938 establishments in North Dakota
National Register of Historic Places in Grand Forks County, North Dakota
Torrebelvicino is a town in the province of Vicenza, Veneto, Italy. SP46 goes through the town, which is included in the Val Leogra, a valley in the Vicentine Prealps.

References

Cities and towns in Veneto
Anne Hellum (born 1952) is a Norwegian jurist. She is Professor of Public Law at the Department of Public and International Law at the University of Oslo Faculty of Law. Her main areas of expertise are anti-discrimination and equality law, women's law, human rights and international development, sociology of law and African legal issues. Since 2000, she is also director of the Institute of Women's Law, which is part of the Department of Public and International Law.

She is also a visiting professor at the University of Zimbabwe, where she has taught since 1989 and where she was involved in establishing the Southern and Eastern African Center for Women's Law. She has been involved in research on the rights of women in Africa since the early 1980s and is an internationally recognised expert in the field, particularly on women's human rights and legal pluralism in Africa with a focus on reproduction, land and water.

She obtained her cand.jur. degree at the University of Oslo in 1981 and has worked at the Department of Public and International Law at the University of Oslo since 1987. In 1998 she obtained her Doctor of Laws degree at the University of Oslo, and she was promoted to full professor in 2000. She is a member of the advisory board of the Max Planck Society, and is editor of Kvinnerettslig skriftserie (Studies in Women's Law).

Bibliography
 Anne Hellum and Henriette Sinding Aasen: Women's Human Rights: CEDAW in International, Regional and National Law, Cambridge University Press, 2015 ()

 Anne Hellum et al., Human rights, plural legalities and gendered realities: paths are made by walking. Weaver Press 2007 () 
 Anne Hellum and Bill Derman: Neither Tragedy nor Enclosure: Are There Inherent Human Rights in Water Management in Zimbabwe's Communal Lands?. Frank Cass Publishers 2003 ()
 Anne Hellum and Kirsten Ketscher: Diskriminerings- og likestillingsrett. Universitetsforlaget 2008 ()  
 Anne Hellum, Aslak Syse, Henriette Sinding: Menneske, natur og fødselsteknologi. Gyldendal Norsk Forlag Akademisk 1990 ()
 Anne Hellum, Inger-Johanne Sand, Kristian Andenæs: Rettsliggjøring, kvinner, makt og politikk. University of Oslo, 2005 ()

References

Norwegian legal scholars
Academic staff of the Faculty of Law, University of Oslo
Academic staff of the University of Zimbabwe
1952 births
Living people
Norwegian Association for Women's Rights people
The Constitution of the Turks and Caicos Islands, in its present form, was passed in 2011.

1962
When Jamaica became independent in 1962, the Turks and Caicos Islands, formerly under Jamaican administration, became a Crown colony in its own right. To this end, an Order in Council was made giving the Turks and Caicos Islands its own constitution appropriate to that status. This was done under the provisions of the West Indies Act 1962. However, as Secretary of State for the Colonies Anthony Greenwood later stated, due to an error the Order (as well as a similar order for the Cayman Islands) was not laid before both Houses of Parliament as required. He stated this did not prevent the orders from coming into effect in 1962, but thought it prudent that they be laid before Parliament as required. The Constitution was then amended twice in 1967 and once each in 1968 and 1969.

1976
A new constitution was passed in 1976. 30 August, the date of its passage, is celebrated as a public holiday, Constitution Day. This constitution was suspended in 1986 in response to allegations of malpractice and criminality among both the Government and the Opposition.

1988
A new constitution was passed in 1988. It was first amended in 1993, and again in 2002. The September 2002 report of the Constitutional Modernisation Review Body which led to those latest amendments is available online.

2006
A new constitution was passed in 2006. It was criticised for giving too much discretion to Cabinet Ministers. The constitution was suspended again in August 2009 when the United Kingdom resumed direct rule over the island in response to allegations of government corruption.

2011
The current constitution was passed in 2011. It makes various changes to the 2006 constitution, such as vesting the Attorney-General's powers over criminal prosecutions in a new Director of Public Prosecutions. It came into force on 15 October 2012.

Notes

References

Turks and Caicos Islands
Politics of the Turks and Caicos Islands
Law of the Turks and Caicos Islands
Turks and Caicos Islands
Sierra Leone has sent athletes to every Summer Olympic Games since 1968 with the exception of 1972 and 1976, but the nation has yet to win an Olympic medal. No athletes from Sierra Leone have competed in any Winter Olympic Games.

Medal tables

Medals by Games

See also
 List of flag bearers for Sierra Leone at the Olympics
 Sierra Leone at the Paralympics

External links
Freezland Rock () is a conspicuous sharp-pointed rock,  high, located  west of Bristol Island in the South Sandwich Islands. This feature was originally named "Freezland Peak" by Captain Cook, after Samuel Freezland, the seaman who first sighted it and so discovered the South Sandwich group in 1775. Cook's chart, showing the feature as an insular rock, was verified in 1930 by Discovery Investigations personnel on the Discovery II and the terminology has been altered accordingly.

Freezland Rock is the westernmost of a chain of rocks extending WSW from Turmoil Point, the westernmost point of Bristol Island. These are Grindle Rock, Wilson Rock and Freezland Rock.

References

Rock formations of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
The Shire of Laidley was a local government area located in the Lockyer Valley region between the cities of Toowoomba and Ipswich, and about  west of Brisbane, the state capital of Queensland, Australia. The shire covered an area of , and existed from 1888 until its merger with the Shire of Gatton to form the Lockyer Valley Region on 15 March 2008.

History

Prior to European settlement, the area around Laidley was home to the Kitabul Aboriginal people. Today, the Ugarapul People are considered the traditional owners of the Lockyer Valley region.

The district initially became part of the Tarampa Divisional Board, which was created on 15 January 1880 under the Divisional Boards Act 1879 in the colony of Queensland. On 25 April 1888, the Laidley district broke away and separately incorporated as the Laidley Division, and on 25 January 1890, the Forest Hill area moved from Tarampa to Laidley. On 1 July 1902, the town of Laidley was created as a separate municipality with its own Borough Council. With the passage of the Local Authorities Act 1902, the borough became a Town and the division a Shire on 31 March 1903. In 1917, Laidley Shire Council II was created with the amalgamation of Laidley Town Council, Laidley Shire Council I, and part of the Shire of Rosewood. On 15 March 2008, under the Local Government (Reform Implementation) Act 2007 passed by the Parliament of Queensland on 10 August 2007, Laidley merged with the Shire of Gatton to form the Lockyer Valley Region.

Structure
The Shire of Laidley initially had three divisions each electing three councillors, but from 1917 onwards had five divisions each electing two councillors. The chairman and clerk were chosen from amongst the councillors.

Towns and localities
The Shire of Laidley included the following settlements:

 Laidley
 Blenheim
 Forest Hill
 Glenore Grove
 Regency Downs
 Hatton Vale
 Kentville
 Laidley Heights
 Lockrose
 Mulgowie
 Plainland

Population

Chairmen and mayors

1905: Philip McGrath
1927: Andreas Schlecht
1930: Thomas Cornelius Hayes
1935: Thomas Cornelius Hayes
 1970–1973: William Angus (Bill) Gunn
 1997–2008: Shirley Pitt

References

Further reading

External links
 

Laidley
1888 establishments in Australia
2008 disestablishments in Australia
Populated places disestablished in 2008
Pubertet ("Puberty") is a 1978 memoir by Swedish author Ivar Lo-Johansson. It won the Nordic Council's Literature Prize in 1979.

References

1978 non-fiction books
Swedish memoirs
Nordic Council's Literature Prize-winning works
Nanjaiah Honganuru (), is an Indian Kannada folklorist in Karnataka state, where he is Professor of Folklore at Mysore University.

His books on folklore include Samagra Kannada Gadegalu (as an editor), Janapada Dasa Sampradaaya and Jaanapada Siri.
Dr. Nanjaih presided the chair  at the 1st "Jaanapada Mahasammelana" held in Chamarajanagara in 2017.

Books
Honganuru’s books include:
 Jaanapada Mattu Chalanasheelathe (research works)
 Jaanapada siri
 Sthalanamagalu
 Janapada dasa sampradaya
 B. Rachaiah avara jeevana matthu rajaneethi
 Samagra Kannada Gadegalu(As an editor)

Articles
His articles include:

 "Sthalanamagalu" ,1997
 "T. Narasipura Thalokina Sthalanamagalu", 1998
 "Honganurina Shishuprasagalu", 1999
 "Gundlupet Parisarada Sthalanamagalu", 2000
 "Janapada Dasa Sampradaaya", 2003
 "Badalavaneyatha Halligalu", 2005
 "Gramina Samskriti Indu mattu Naale", Janapada Karnataka No-1, Vol-4, Prasaranga, Kannada University, Hampi,2005
 "Saaraswatha Tapaswi : Ondu Sthula Parichaya", Appeared in VIDVANMANI - Felicitation Volume of Vidwan M. Shivakumaraswamy Mysore, 1999
 "Janapada Drishti : Maagi", Bahujana Karnataka Vaara Pathrike Sanchike -2, 2001
 "Mysore Jilleya Mata Manyagalu", Prajamatha Mysore Jilleya Visheshanka

References

Living people
Indian folklorists
1970 births

People from Chamarajanagar district
Melaleuca buseana is a shrub or small tree in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae, and is endemic to the south of Grande Terre, the main island of New Caledonia. It is one of only a few members of its genus to occur outside Australia and was formerly known as Callistemon buseanus.

Description
Melaleuca brevisepala is a shrub or small tree growing to a height of . It has a highly branched crown and the branchlets are covered with fine white hairs but become glabrous with age. The leaves have a short stalk and an elliptical shape with a blunt end,  long and  wide and 3 to 5 parallel veins.

Yellow or greenish-yellow flowers occur on the ends of the branches and in some leaf axils near the end but the branch usually continues to grow after flowering. The stamens are arranged in five bundles around the flower with 3 or 4 stamens per bundle. The cup-shaped base of the flower is hairy,  long and the fruit which develops from it is  long. Flowers and fruit are seen from December to May or June.

Taxonomy and naming
Melaleuca buseana was first formally described in 1939 by André Guillaumin in Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle as Callistemon buseanus. It was transferred to Melaleuca buseana in 1998 by Lyndley Craven and John Dawson in the journal Adansonia.
The specific epithet (buseana) refers to the locality Pic Buse in New Caledonia.

Distribution and habitat
Melaleuca buseana is sparsely distributed in the southern part of Grande Terre. It is found in the undergrowth of dense, humid forest and maquis in loose, eroded gravel and soil on ultramafic rock.

References

buseana
Flora of New Caledonia
Plants described in 1939
Sachs & Violens is an American comic book created by writer Peter David and co-developed with artist George Pérez. This four-issue miniseries was published from 1993 to 1994 by Marvel Comics's Epic Comics imprint, in which creators retained the rights. The series was part of the imprint's Heavy Hitters line, and featured a greater amount of violence and adult situations compared with mainstream comic books of the time, and as such was recommended for mature readers.

The titular duo later appeared as supporting characters in David's other creator-owned series, Fallen Angel.

Publication history 
Sachs & Violens is an American comic book four-issue miniseries published from November 1993 to July 1994 by Marvel Comics's Epic Comics imprint, in which creators retained the rights. It was created by writer Peter David and co-developed with artist George Pérez. The series was part of the imprint's Heavy Hitters line, which also
Included Lawdog, Terrarists, Brats Bizarre and Feud.

Plot and characters 
Juanita "J.J." Sachs is a model who does softcore pornography photo shoots for her friend Ernie "Violens" Schultz, a former Vietnam War photojournalist. After her friend is viciously murdered in a snuff photo shoot, the two of them track down the people responsible and, in the process, become lovers and uncover an underworld of depravity, ending in a violent showdown in Mardi Gras.

Sachs and Violens appeared as supporting characters in Peter David's other creator-owned title, Fallen Angel. They first appeared in the second volume of the series, which was published by IDW Publishing, in which they arrive in the series' setting of Bete Noire, a mysterious city of Biblical origin inhabited by various characters of dubious character and motives. They become allies of the series' titular heroine, Liandra, and continue to appear in the series' third volume, by the same publisher, which debuted in August 2009.

Collected edition
In December 2006, the miniseries was collected as Sachs and Violens, a 128-page trade paperback by DC Comics.

Merchandising
In August 2009, Black Phoenix Alchemy Lab, a company that produces comic book-themed perfumes, debuted "Sachs & Violens", based on the titular comic book characters. Proceeds from sales of the scent went to the Hero Initiative, a non-profit organization dedicated to helping comic book creators in need of health, medical, and quality-of-life assistance.

References

External links

 Newsarama interview with Peter David about Sachs and Violens

1993 comics debuts
Comics by George Pérez
Comics by Peter David
Marvel Comics limited series
Tuncay Özilhan (born 9 July 1947) is a Turkish businessman and billionaire. He is the current chairman of the board of Anadolu Group, as well as the president of Anadolu Efes. He was also the president of TÜSİAD from 2001 to 2004. He is also chairman of the board of supermarket chain Kipa.

References

1947 births
Living people
Turkish businesspeople
Istanbul University alumni
Long Island University alumni
John Bradshaw (29 October 1812 – 14 November 1880) was an English cricketer of the nineteenth century. A batsman, Bradshaw made six first-class appearances for Cambridge University cricket teams between 1833 and 1835, and one for an England side in 1849, scoring 102 runs in total at a batting average of 9.27. It is not known if he was right- or left-handed. Born in Barrow-on-Soar, in Leicestershire, he died aged 68 in Granby, Nottinghamshire.  As well, Bradshaw is controversially credited with discovering Granby, New York.

Bradshaw was educated at Uppingham School and St John's College, Cambridge. He became a Church of England priest and was vicar of Granby-cum-Sutton, Nottinghamshire from 1845 to his death.

References

1812 births
1880 deaths
English cricketers
Cambridge University cricketers
People from Barrow upon Soar
Cricketers from Leicestershire
People educated at Uppingham School
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
19th-century English Anglican priests
All-England Eleven cricketers
A constitutional referendum was held in Togo on 5 May 1963 alongside the general elections. The changes to the constitution would make the country a presidential republic with a unicameral National Assembly. It was approved by 98.5% of voters with a 91.1% turnout.

Results

References

1963 referendums
1963 in Togo
1963
Constitutional referendums
May 1963 events in Africa
A meme stock is a stock that gains popularity among retail investors through social media. The popularity of meme stocks is generally based on internet memes shared among traders, on platforms such as Reddit's r/wallstreetbets. Investors in such stocks are often young and inexperienced investors. As a result of their popularity, meme stocks often trade at prices that are above their estimated value on the basis of fundamental analysis, and are known for being extremely speculative and volatile.

History 
Interest in meme stocks started in 2020, in what the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has called a "meme stock phenomenon". The stock of American video game retailer GameStop has been one of the most popular meme stocks, with mass purchases of the stock leading to the GameStop short squeeze in early 2021. The stock of entertainment company AMC is also cited as a prominent example. Other examples include the stocks of Bed, Bath & Beyond, National Beverage, and Koss. The distinction between a meme stock and a non-meme stock is not always clear; for example, Tesla has some of the characteristics of a meme stock: a high price-earnings ratio and being frequently discussed by amateur retail traders on social media, yet some professional analysts do not consider it to be overpriced.

Interest in meme stocks is associated with trading platform Robinhood, which pioneered commission-free trading. According to The New York Times, "Robinhood was the tool of choice for traders in the original meme stocks".

Some meme stocks have often become popular among retail investors after being targeted by short-selling professional investors, such as hedge funds, with participants having the explicit aim of causing losses among those firms. News coverage has described the choice to purchase such stocks as an act of rebellion intended to humble short-selling professional investors. 

According to an SEC report, while some hedge funds had big losses, the meme stocks phenomenon did not widely impact hedge funds. The SEC staff report also stated, "some investors that had been invested in the target stocks prior to the market events benefitted unexpectedly from the price rises, while others, including quantitative and high-frequency hedge funds, joined the market rally to trade profitably." By June 2021, according to Financial Times, some hedge funds were systematically analyzing meme stocks.

See also 
Day trading
Dogecoin
Do-it-yourself investing
Keith Gill
Meme man
Retail investor
YOLO (aphorism)

References 

2020s economic history
 
Internet culture
Internet memes
Reddit
Robinhood (company)
Social media
Purchart is a Germanic masculine given name and a variant of Burchard. Notable people with the name include:

 Purchart I (920/930–975), abbot of Saint Gall
 Purchart II (died 1022), abbot of Saint Gall

Germanic masculine given names