Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Nickel(II) hydroxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Ni(OH)2.  It is a lime-green solid that dissolves with decomposition in ammonia and amines and is attacked by acids. It is electroactive, being converted to the Ni(III) oxy-hydroxide, leading to widespread applications in rechargeable batteries.

Properties

Nickel(II) hydroxide has two well-characterized polymorphs, α and β. The α structure consists of Ni(OH)2 layers with intercalated anions or water. The β form adopts a hexagonal close-packed structure of Ni2+ and OH− ions. In the presence of water, the α polymorph typically recrystallizes to the β form. In addition to the α and β polymorphs, several γ nickel hydroxides have been described, distinguished by crystal structures with much larger inter-sheet distances.

The mineral form of Ni(OH)2, theophrastite, was first identified in the Vermion region of northern Greece, in 1980. It is found naturally as a translucent emerald-green crystal formed in thin sheets near the boundaries of idocrase or chlorite crystals. A nickel-magnesium variant of the mineral,  had been previously discovered at Hagdale on the island of Unst in Scotland.

Reactions
Nickel(II) hydroxide is frequently used in electrical car batteries. Specifically, Ni(OH)2 readily oxidizes to nickel oxyhydroxide, NiOOH, in combination with a reduction reaction, often of a metal hydride (reaction 1 and 2).

Reaction 1 

Reaction 2 

Net Reaction (in H2O)

Of the two polymorphs, α-Ni(OH)2 has a higher theoretical capacity and thus is generally considered to be preferable in electrochemical applications. However, it transforms to β-Ni(OH)2 in alkaline solutions, leading to many investigations into the possibility of stabilized α-Ni(OH)2 electrodes for industrial applications.

Synthesis
The synthesis entails treating aqueous solutions of nickel(II) salts with potassium hydroxide.

Toxicity

The Ni2+ ion is a known carcinogen. Toxicity and related safety concerns have driven research into increasing the energy density of Ni(OH)2 electrodes, such as the addition of calcium or cobalt hydroxides.

See also
List of minerals named after people
Nickel-cadmium battery
Nickel hydrogen battery
Nickel metal hydride battery
Nickel-iron battery

References

Nickel compounds
Hydroxides
Piquemal is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Christian Piquemal (born 1940), French military officer
 Claude Piquemal (born 1939), French athlete
 François Piquemal, French politician and educator
 Michel Piquemal (born 1947), French conductor

French-language surnames
María Muñiz de Urquiza (born 5 August 1962, in Gijón) is Spanish member of the European Parliament. 

Muñiz de Urquiza is a graduate and doctorate (PhD) in political science and sociology. She also holds a postgraduate in European Community studies from the Diplomatic School, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. She has been a lecturer in international public law at the Charles III University of Madrid from 1989 to 1994.

In 1999, she was appointed Communications Secretary for PSOE-Europe, a post she held for a year. She has also worked as policy adviser to the Socialist Group in the European Parliament from 2004 to 2009. Her expertise was in external affairs and civil liberties. She was also an adviser for the Delegation for relations with the countries of Central America.

References

Spanish Socialist Workers' Party MEPs
Living people
1962 births
MEPs for Spain 2009–2014
Articles containing video clips
Walnut Islands or Ramona is an unincorporated area in the eastern part of Los Angeles County in the U.S. state of California. The former is the technical term used by the county government, while the latter was used by the Los Angeles Times in 2008 and the LA Metrolink. One news report referred to the area as Covina Hills. Walnut Islands is surrounded by the cities of Covina and San Dimas to the north, Walnut to the south, West Covina to the west, and  Pomona to the east. The population of Ramona was 4,053 according to the 2000 census.

History
The land in Walnut Islands was historically used for agriculture.

Geography
Walnut Islands has a total area of .

Demographics

2000
There were 4,053 people living in Walnut Islands, according to the US Census. The population density was 1,122 inhabitants per square mile. The racial makeup of the area was 35.0% Asian, 32.3% White, 26.3% Latino, 3.0% African American, and 3.4% from other races. The average household size was 3.1. The age distribution was 15.4% 10 and under, 11.5% from 11 to 18, 18.5% from 19 to 34, 24.6% from 35 to 49, 15.9% from 50 to 64, and 14.1% 65 or older. The median age was 37 years. The median household income was $86,325. (in 2008 dollars)

Economy

Employers
There is no commercial land in Walnut Islands, California. However, there are institutions in the area, such as Forest Lawn – Covina Hills and Cal Poly Pomona, that employ people.

Government and infrastructure
In the California State Legislature, Walnut Islands is in , and in . In the United States House of Representatives, it is split between , and  .

Education
The area is mostly served by the Covina-Valley Unified School District, with students attending schools in the southeastern corner of the district, such as South Hills High School.

References

 
Unincorporated communities in Los Angeles County, California
Unincorporated communities in California
The Labour Corps was a British Army unit formed in 1917 for manual and skilled labour on the Western Front and Salonika during the First World War. In previous centuries the British Army had fulfilled this role through the Royal Pioneer Corps (1762–1763), the Corps of Pioneers (1795–1800) and the Army Works Corps (1855-c.1856). Though it disbanded in 1921, it is often seen as the predecessor to the Royal Pioneer Corps of the Second World War.

History
Earlier in the war the Army Service Corps had formed labour companies to work docks and railways and unload ships and the Royal Engineers had formed eleven labour battalions for manual work. From December 1914 onwards each infantry division had also been provided with a Pioneer Battalion, with full infantry training but usually used in manual and skilled work and thus consisting of those with experience in those areas. From early 1916 onwards conscripted men with health too poor for fighting were also assigned to these battalions, twelve of which had been formed by June that year.

On 22 February 1917 an Army Order formed the Labour Corps, turning the pre-existing Infantry Labour Companies and Infantry Labour Battalions into 203 Labour Companies. The Corps as formed also included Depot Labour Companies (renamed Reserve Labour Companies later in 1917) back in the United Kingdom as well as seven Labour Battalions converted from the Works or Infantry Works battalions of the King's (Liverpool Regiment), the Devonshire Regiment, the Royal Scots Fusiliers, the Middlesex Regiment and the Durham Light Infantry. All these would be commanded by forty-two Labour Group Headquarters. Later in 1917 eight Labour Centres were added to the Corps, one for each of the eight home commands, as were the existing Infantry Works Companies (renamed Home Service Labour Companies) and Agricultural Companies.

In 1916, Colonel Richard S. H. Moody raised, from the Devonshire Regiment, and took to France, as Commander, a battalion of the Labour Corps, which he commanded from 1917 to 1918, after which he retired from active service. By November 1918 the Corps numbered around 389,900 men.

References

Corps of the British Army in World War I
Military units and formations established in 1917
Military units and formations disestablished in 1921
British administrative corps
Engineer units and formations of the British Army
Lu Bing (; Zhuang: Luz Bing; born October 1944), is an ethnic Zhuang politician from the People's Republic of China. He served as chairman of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region between 2004 and 2007.

Biography 
Born in Wuming, Guangxi, Lu graduated from department of history of Guangxi Normal College in September 1968, and joined the Communist Party of China in October 1976. He holds the title of senior economist. 

Lu briefly served in an army farm in Jiangyong County of Hunan Province. Since March 1970, he had served in various posts in Guangxi. From January 1993 to December 1997, Lu was the vice chairman of Guangxi. From March to July 1995, he studied at CPC Central Party School. In December 1997, he became the vice secretary of CPC Guangxi committee, and in May 1998, he was also appointed as the secretary of political and legislative affairs commission of Guangxi. From September to December 2000, he again studied at CPC Central Party School. In April 2003, Lu became the vice chairman and acting chairman of Guangxi. He was confirmed as chairman of the Autonomous Region in January 2004, and served until December 2007. In March 2008, Lu was appointed as vice chair of Ethnic Affairs Committee of the 11th National People's Congress.

Lu was a member of the 17th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (he was the only ethnic Zhuang with a full seat on the committee), and a member of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress.

References 

1944 births
People's Republic of China politicians from Guangxi
Living people
Chinese Communist Party politicians from Guangxi
People from Nanning
Political office-holders in Guangxi
Zhuang people
Members of the 17th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Shakubuku  is a term that originates in the Chinese version of the Buddhist text, Śrīmālādevī Siṃhanāda Sūtra.

The term has historically been used to indicate the rebuttal of false teachings and thereby break negative patterns in one's thoughts, words and deeds. In modern times, the term often refers to the proselytization and conversion of new adherents in Nichiren Buddhism and especially Soka Gakkai (see second President of Soka Gakkai Josei Toda), and the rebuttal of teachings regarded as heretical or preliminary. However, shakubuku had begun to be de-emphasised by Soka Gakkai leadership by the end of the 1960's, in part because it was leading to an excessive number of lukewarm or undedicated conversions, with many new members soon falling off.

Although often associated with the teachings of the Japanese Buddhist priest Nichiren, the term appears often in the SAT Daizokyo and the works of the Chinese Tiantai patriarchs Zhiyi and Zhanran.  Nichiren Buddhist organizations such as Kokuchūkai, Nichiren Shōshū and Soka Gakkai continue to use the term today, which is meant to underline or convince a counterpart of one's own interpretation of Buddhism. The term took on a more militant meaning by Japanese Nichiren Buddhist ultranationalists in the Imperial era, such as Tanaka Chigaku and Nisshō Inoue, whose ideas are known as Nichirenism.

Another method of propagation mentioned by Nichiren is , which underlines the individual's own insight on Buddhism. Nichiren himself referred to both methods in his . A combination of the two is known as . In Japan, the term shakubuku is used when proselytising adherents of other Buddhist traditions, while shōju is used when proselytising non-Buddhists.  In the West today, though, shakubuku and shōju are interchangeably used to refer to the same method of proselytization of Nichiren Buddhism.

References

Nichiren Buddhism
Buddhist apologetics
Fort Hamer is an unincorporated area in Manatee County, Florida, United States, and was the name of a short-lived U.S. Army fort in eastern Manatee County. Although the area is named for Fort Hamer, the former military installation has never been precisely located through historical or archaeological research.

History
Fort Hamer was established on November 28, 1849, as part of an order by Major General David E. Twiggs to remove Seminole people from Florida after various pioneer outposts in the state were attacked by Seminole outsiders. The order established a  of forts from Manatee River to the Indian River. Named after Gen. Thomas L. Hamer, a brigadier general and strong ally of Andrew Jackson, the fort consisted of several log buildings including a hospital, commissary, hay barn and accommodations for around 165 soldiers at its inception. The stretch of forts constructed under General Twiggs's command were abandoned only a year after opening. In 1856, during the Third Seminole War, Fort Hamer was once again used in service. Here, a detachment of 10 men in Capt. William Hooker's Company from the Florida Mounted Volunteers were stationed. Twenty-seven years after the fort was first established, Fort Hamer was decommissioned. On Feb. 26, 1876, the War Department formally turned over the property to the Department of the Interior.

By 1895, none of the fort remained. The area was described as a sandy bank on the Manatee River that was a popular location for boating and day-trips.

References

Unincorporated communities in Manatee County, Florida
Unincorporated communities in Florida
Hamer
Hamer
1849 establishments in Florida
Rebutia mentosa, the crown cactus, is a species of cactus in the genus Rebutia, native to Bolivia. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Subspecies
The following subspecies is currently accepted:
Rebutia mentosa subsp. purpurea (Donald & A.B.Lau) Donald ex D.R.Hunt

References

mentosa
Endemic flora of Bolivia
Plants described in 1987
The Jaguar R1 is the car with which the Jaguar Racing Formula One team competed in the 2000 Formula One season, and the first Jaguar-badged car after Ford's purchase of the Stewart team the previous year.

The car proved largely disappointing, despite flashes of promise.  It generally proved difficult to drive and suffered from an unreliable gearbox.  Eddie Irvine, the  championship runner-up, could only score 4 points, placing the team ninth overall in the Constructors' Championship.

The R1 was the last F1 car that Johnny Herbert raced; the experienced Englishman retiring at the end of the season.  It was also the car in which Luciano Burti made his race début.

Complete Formula One results
(key)

References

External links

Jaguar Formula One cars
2000 Formula One season cars
Karl I (30 July 1569 – 12 February 1627), was the first member of the Liechtenstein family to become a Monarch of Liechtenstein, thus he was the founder of the Princely Family of Liechtenstein.

Karl was the elder son of Hartmann II, Baron of Liechtenstein (1544–1585) and his wife Countess Anna Maria of Ortenburg (1547–1601). Emperor Rudolf II of the Holy Roman Empire appointed Karl as chief intendant (Obersthofmeister), an important position at his court. Karl held this position until 1607. In a dispute over land between Rudolf II and the heir presumptive to the throne, Archduke Mathias, Karl sided with Mathias. Liechtenstein played a leading role as adviser and supporter of Matthias in the coup against Emperor Rudolf II. Now Hungarian King Mathias made him a hereditary prince in 1608, in thanks for Karl's aid. In his politics and assertiveness as advisor to Mathias, he rivaled Melchior Khlesl, Bishop of Vienna, who ultimately prevailed over Liechtenstein and became the new minister-favourite of King and later Empereror Mathias.

In 1614, Karl added the Duchy of Troppau to his possessions. In thanks for further aid at the Battle of White Mountain, Karl was appointed to the positions of proconsul and vice-regent of Bohemia in 1622, and he was bestowed with the Order of the Golden Fleece.

He gained the Duchy of Troppau on 28 December 1613 and the Silesian Duchy of Jägerndorf on 15 March 1622, along with much confiscated "rebel property", and he commissioned the ducal hat of Liechtenstein.

He became a Catholic in 1599. In 1605, Karl established the first branch north of the Alps of the Hospitaller Order of Saint John of God, at Feldsberg in Lower Austria (now Valtice, Czech Republic).

He was the 352nd Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in Austria. He died in Prague.

Marriage and issue
In 1600, Karl married Anna Maria Šemberová, Baroness of and Černá Hora and Lady of Aussee (1575–1625). They had at least four children:
 
 Princess Anna Maria Franziska (7 December 1601 – 26 April 1640), married Maximilian, Prince of Dietrichstein (1596 – 1655).
 Princess Franziska Barbara (1604–1655), married Wenzel Werner of T'Serclaes, Count of Tilly (1599 – 1653).
 Prince Heinrich (died young).
 Karl Eusebius, Prince of Liechtenstein (11 April 1611 – 5 April 1684).

Ancestry

References 

 
 Article in the ABD
 Official biography

1569 births
1627 deaths
Knights of the Golden Fleece
Princes of Liechtenstein
Converts to Roman Catholicism from Lutheranism
Tenstrings Music Institute, incorporated in the United Kingdom and operating there as Africa Heritage Academy is a contemporary  music conservatory in Nigeria, and is the country's largest music school with study centers in Ikeja, Surulere, Festac Town, Lekki, Port Harcourt and affiliated schools in other parts of the country. Over the last nine years, Tenstrings has enrolled students from at least ten other African countries, including Ghana, Zambia, Kenya, Uganda, Cameroon, etc.

Tenstrings was founded in 2007 by Akapo Emmanuel - a Nigerian music educator, after several years of teaching music in both public and private institutions. His aim was to create a vocational training center for young and talented people who dream of pursuing careers in popular music; such as Hip Hop, R & B, Gospel, Afro Music, e.t.c, whom the regular classically oriented music schools were not catering to. Some of the notable activities and events organized periodically by the institute include; The Starmingle, HippyJams, Gospel Breakfast, Playing4Change and The Ones2Watch Concert.

The school offers professional training in music business, singing, playing musical instruments, dance, music performance, disc-jockeying, music production, gospel music program, and sound engineering. In September 2016, it was reported that the school has trained over 7000 students in about a decade of its establishment.  In 2015, the school institutionalized career management and promotional services for its protégées.

Notable alumni 

 Spinall, Nigerian disc jockey, record producer, songwriter and label executive
 DJ Lambo, Nigerian musician
 Eva Alordiah, Nigerian rapper

References

Educational institutions in Nigeria
Educational institutions established in 2007
2007 establishments in Nigeria
Dionysius Kfoury, BS (5 December 1879 in Khonsarah, Syria – 11 March 1965) was a bishop of the Patriarchal Vicariate of Egypt and Sudan.

Life

Dionysius Kfoury was on August 6, 1904, ordained to the priesthood. On 9 December 1926, he was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Antioch, and on the same day as the Titular Archbishop. On 20 June 1927 Kfoury was named Titular Archbishop of Tarsus of Greek Melkites. His ordination was performed by Melkite Patriarch of Antioch Cyril IX Moghabghab, and his co-consecrators were Basilio Cattan of Beirut and Byblos and Bishop Melezio Abou-Assaleh of Baalbek in Lebanon.

From 1932 to 1954 he was in the office of Patriarchal Vicar of Alexandria and successor of Anthony Farage. He was co-consecrator of Archbishop Elias Zoghby of Baalbek, which was also in the adjoining office Patriarchal Vicar of Alexandria.

References

External links
 http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bkfou.html
 http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/alex1.htm

1879 births
1965 deaths
Melkite Greek Catholic bishops
20th-century Eastern Catholic archbishops
20th-century Syrian people
19th-century Syrian people
Two ships of United States Navy have been named USS Edsall:

 , a , in commission from 1920 to 1942
 , the lead ship of her class of destroyer escort, in commission from 1943 to 1946

United States Navy ship names
Cooper Rollow (1925 in Wichita, Kansas – March 29, 2013 in Elmhurst, Illinois) was an American sportswriter for 35 years as a writer and sports editor (1965–1977) for the Chicago Tribune, mostly on pro football. He was awarded the Dick McCann Memorial Award from the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1985.

Rollow was a four-time winner of the Illinois Associated Press (AP) sports contest. Rollow won the AP competition in 1960 for a three-part series on the late Vince Lombardi, in 1964 for his coverage of the deaths of Willie Galimore and John Farrington of the Chicago Bears in a training camp auto accident, in 1973 for his portrayal of the dramatic and tragic events in the Munich Olympic Games and 1974 for his coverage of the Ali-Frazier fight in Madison Square Garden. 

In 1969, Rollow won the United Press International award for his coverage of the Green Bay Packers' climactic victory over the Chicago Bears. 

He served as President of the Pro Football Writers of America (PFWA) (1983–84). He also served as the former President of the Chicago Professional Football Writers Association, a director of the National College Football Writers Association and an elector in the Pro Football Hall of Fame. 

A Kansas native and 1949 graduate of the University of Kansas, Rollow held newspaper positions in Fort Scott, Kansas and Lincoln, Nebraska before he was hired by the late Arch Ward, the previous sports editor of The Chicago Tribune. 

Rollow also saw combat duty in Gen. Patton's Third Army in World War II.

Rollow was described by author Jeff Davis as "the leading journalist of his time concerning the relationship of [former Chicago Bears head coach and owner George] Halas and [Green Bay Packers head coach] Vince Lombardi."

Rollow was also a posthumous winner of the 2020/2021 Ring Lardner Award for Excellence in Sports Journalism.

References

1925 births
2013 deaths
Writers from Wichita, Kansas
American sportswriters
Chicago Tribune people
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American journalists
American male journalists
Journalists from Kansas
Devon Code is a Canadian writer, who won the Journey Prize in 2010 for his short story "Uncle Oscar".

Originally from Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, he has more recently been based in Peterborough, Ontario, where he has taught at Fleming College. He published his debut short fiction collection, In a Mist, in 2007, and followed up with his debut novel, Involuntary Bliss, in 2016. In 2021, Code, Emily Anglin, Jean Marc Ah-Sen and Lee Henderson published Disintegration in Four Parts, a volume collecting one novella by each of the four writers.

References

External links

21st-century Canadian novelists
21st-century Canadian short story writers
21st-century Canadian male writers
Canadian male novelists
Canadian male short story writers
Writers from Halifax, Nova Scotia
People from Dartmouth, Nova Scotia
People from Peterborough, Ontario
Writers from Ontario
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Bentley Mitchum (born February 22, 1967) is an American actor who has appeared in about 40 films and TV series, including Sundance grand jury prize winner Ruby in Paradise, The Man in the Moon, The Wonder Years, Conviction, Susie Q, Meatballs 4 and Demonic Toys and Shark Attack.

Bentley also became the first American actor to play lead in an Indian Tamil film, Little John opposite Jyothika.

Personal life
Bentley is the grandson of actor Robert Mitchum, the son of Cindy Davis and actor Christopher Mitchum and the nephew of actor James Mitchum. His acting debut was with them in a TV movie, Promises to Keep, in which the three actors played characters with corresponding relationships. Bentley attended USC and received a Bachelor of Fine Arts in drama. He also started a band called The Velvet Box.

Bentley has two daughters, Allexanne Mitchum, from his marriage to Samra Wolfin, and Carrington Mitchum, from his marriage to Jaime Anstead.

His daughter Allexanne dated Steve Bing.  She died on July 4, 2019’.Six months after her death, LA  coroner Dr. Dutra, determined Allexanne had died from Fentanyl poisoning, most likely given to her by a friend in the form of a fake Xanax.

Selected filmography

References

External links
 

1967 births
Living people
American male film actors
American film directors
American male screenwriters
American people of Norwegian descent
Mitchum family
USC School of Dramatic Arts alumni