Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Hydrazides in organic chemistry are a class of organic compounds with the formula  where R is acyl (), sulfonyl (), phosphoryl (), phosphonyl () and similar groups (chalcogen analogs are included, for example sulfur analogs called thiohydrazides),  and R' are any groups (tipically hydrogen or organyl). Unlike hydrazine and alkylhydrazines, hydrazides are nonbasic owing to the inductive influence of the acyl, sulfonyl, or phosphoryl substituent.

Sulfonyl hydrazides
A common sulfonyl hydrazide is p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide, a white air-stable solid. They are also widely used as organic reagents.

Toluenesulfonyl hydrazide is used to generate toluenesulfonyl hydrazones. When derived from ketones, these hydrazones participate in the Shapiro reaction and the Eschenmoser–Tanabe fragmentation. 

2,4,6-Triisopropylbenzenesulfonylhydrazide is a useful source of diimide.

Acyl hydrazides

Acylhydrazines are derivatives of carboxylic acids, although they are typically prepared by the reaction of esters with hydrazine:

Use
An applied example is a synthesis of sunitinib begins by mixing 5-fluoroisatin slowly into hydrazine hydrate. After 4 hours at 110 °C, the indole ring structure has been broken into (2-amino-5-fluoro-phenyl)-acetic acid hydrazide with reduction of the ketone at the 3-position. Subsequent annelation in strong acid creates the 1,3-dihydro-2-oxo indole structure required for the drug.

Uses 

1.) Hydrazide analogs has biological activities like antidepressant, anticonvulsant, antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antimalarial, anticancer, and antimicrobial.

2.) Hydrazide is a drug used as a tablet. It is typically used for the treatment of edema, high blood pressure or hypertension.

See also
hydrazide imide - tautomeric form of amidrazone

References 

Functional groups
Yerba buena or hierba buena is the Spanish name for a number of aromatic plants, most of which belong to the mint family. Yerba buena translates as "good herb". The specific plant species regarded as yerba buena varies from region to region, depending on what grows wild in the surrounding landscape, or which species is customarily grown in local gardens. Perhaps the most common variation of this plant is spearmint (Mentha spicata). The term has been (and is currently) used to cover a number of aromatic true mints and mint relatives of the genera Clinopodium, Satureja or Micromeria. All plants so named are associated with medicinal properties, and some have culinary value as herbal teas or seasonings as well.

Local variants
In the western United States, yerba buena most often refers to the species Clinopodium douglasii (synonyms: Satureja douglasii, Micromeria douglasii), but may rarely refer to Eriodictyon californicum, which is more commonly known as yerba santa.

In parts of Central America yerba buena often refers to Eau de Cologne mint, a true mint sometimes called "bergamot mint" with a strong citrus-like aroma that is used medicinally and as a cooking herb and tea.

In Cuba, yerba buena generally refers to Mentha nemorosa, a popular plant also known as large apple mint, foxtail mint, hairy mint, woolly mint or, simply, Cuban mint.

In Puerto Rico a close relative of traditional culinary savory, Clinopodium vimineum (formerly Satureja viminea), is sometimes used.

In Colombia, Yerba Buena is known for having many medicinal purposes, As it helps with digestion and Bilis activity and with Inflammation. 
The herb is mostly located in the Andino region of the country. Cundinamarca and Antioquia.

References 

5) https://www.colombia.co/pais-colombia/hierbas-aromaticas-que-existen-en-colombia/

6) Yerba Buena

External links

Herbs
Herbal tea
Plant common names
Percy Doyle Reserve is a sporting facility in Duncraig, Western Australia currently used for association football. The ground is used by Sorrento FC in the National Premier Leagues Western Australia, and it has previously been used by Perth Glory Women in the W-League and Perth Glory FC Youth in the National Youth League. The stadium is surrounded by a series of football pitches used by various teams competing in Football West competitions.

References

External links
Official Website of Sorrento FC

Soccer venues in Perth, Western Australia
Jan Barazan (, also Romanized as Jān Barāzān; also known as Jombarzan, Jumbarazun, and Maḩalleh-ye Jān Bārāzūn) is a village in Shirkuh Rural District, in the Central District of Taft County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 290, in 84 families.

References 

Populated places in Taft County
Monsieur Pain is a short novel by Chilean author Roberto Bolaño (1953–2003). Written in 1981-1982, it was originally published in 1994 under the title La senda de los elefantes (lit. "The Path of the Elephants") by the City Council of Toledo, Spain, as the winning story of its "Félix Urabayen Prize". The book was reprinted in 1999 under its final Spanish title, Monsieur Pain. A translation from the Spanish by Chris Andrews was published by New Directions in January 2010.

This book was the second novel Bolaño wrote (following Antwerp, written 1980, published 2002) but the first one published, excluding his collaboration with A. G. Porta, Consejos de un discípulo de Morrison a un fanático de Joyce, which was published in 1983.

Summary
The novel is set in Paris and narrated by the Mesmerist Pierre Pain. In April 1938 Pain is approached by Madame Reynaud, whose late husband he had failed to help, to assist the Peruvian poet César Vallejo who is in the hospital, afflicted with an undiagnosed illness and unable to stop hiccuping. Pain's attempts to reach and treat Vallejo are thwarted by skeptical doctors and two mysterious Spanish men who bribe him not to treat Vallejo. Though he accepts the bribe, Pain attempts to treat the poet but is barred from the hospital and loses contact with Madame Reynaud. He has several run-ins with friends, strangers, and old acquaintances, and finds himself lost in the hospital and later in a warehouse, chasing strangers through the rain, and watching ambiguous events unfold, but he is unable to make sense of any of these events. The novel ends with an "epilogue for voices" which offers brief biographical reminiscences, or perhaps obituaries, of the novel's main characters, which still fails to offer a resolution to the mystery.

Criticism
In a 2010 review for the New York Times Will Blythe states:

The beauty of Roberto Bolaño’s slender mystery novel Monsieur Pain, originally published in 1999 and now translated from the Spanish by the estimable Chris Andrews, is that it doesn’t behave much like a mystery novel. By the end of the book, which Bolaño wrote in either 1981 or 1982, the mysteries remain unsolved, the ostensible victim may or may not have suffered from foul play and the protagonist intent on figuring out who done it (if anyone did anything at all) appears incapable of doing so.

Translations
An English translation of Monsieur Pain by Chris Andrews was published by New Directions in January 2010. The book has also been translated into French by Robert Amutio (Serpent à plumes, 2008),  Persian by Milad Zakaria (Ofoq Publications, 2012) and Japanese by Kenji Matsumoto (Hakusuisha, 2017).

References

External links 
 Reviews
 Monsieur Pain at Complete Review (meta-review and links to online reviews, including from Cleveland Plain Dealer, The Guardian, The Los Angeles Times, The New York Times, San Francisco Chronicle)
 "Fascism, Art, and Mediocrity: Monsieur Pain by Roberto Bolaño" at The Quarterly Conversation

Works by Roberto Bolaño
1982 Chilean novels
Novels set in Paris
Fiction set in 1938
David or Dave McCarthy may refer to:

 David McCarthy (politician) (1920s–1973), unionist politician in Northern Ireland
 David McCarthy (sprinter) (born 1983), Irish sprint athlete from Dublin who medalled at the 2004 World Indoors
 David McCarthy (long-distance runner) (born 1988), Irish long-distance athlete from Waterford who medalled at the 2009 European Under-23s
 David J. McCarthy Jr., dean of the Georgetown University Law Center
 David J. McCarthy, American numismatist, author and researcher
 Dave McCarthy (Gaelic footballer) (born 1949), Irish Gaelic football player
 Dave McCarthy (hurler) (born 1994), Irish hurler
The 2020–21 Swiss Challenge League (referred to as the Brack.ch Challenge League for sponsoring reasons) is the 18th season of the Swiss Challenge League, the second tier of competitive football in Switzerland, under its current name. The season started on 18 September 2020 and is scheduled to end on 30 May 2021. The start of the season was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland. The league held its winter break between 22 December 2020 and 23 January 2021.

Participating teams
A total of 10 teams participate in the league. 2019–20 Swiss Challenge League champions FC Lausanne-Sport and runner-up FC Vaduz were promoted to the 2020–21 Swiss Super League. They were replaced by Neuchâtel Xamax FCS, who got relegated after finishing last-placed in the 2019–20 Swiss Super League, and FC Thun, who lost the relegation game. No team was relegated due to the cancellation of the 2019–20 Swiss Promotion League caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland.

Stadia and locations

Personnel and kits

Managerial changes

League table

Results

First and Second Round

Third and Fourth Round

Statistics

Top scorers

Awards

Brack.ch Challenge League Best Player 2020:  Asumah Abubakar (Kriens)

Promotion play-offs

References

External links
 

Swiss Challenge League
2020–21 in Swiss football
Swiss Challenge League seasons
This is a list of settlements in Rutland by population based on the results of the 2011 census. The next United Kingdom census will take place in 2021. In 2011, there were 24 built-up area subdivisions with 250 or more inhabitants in Rutland, shown in the table below.

List of settlements 

Notes:
The Office of National Statistics (ONS) subdivide built-up areas into sectors which do not respect administrative or political boundaries. If those areas have a strong city/town/village identity, for population purposes they are classed into a distinct area.

See also 

 List of places in Rutland
 List of civil parishes in Rutland

References

External links 
 Link to ONS built up area statistics

East Midlands
NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union
 
Settlements
Rutland
Dianthus carthusianorum, commonly known as Carthusian pink, is a species of Dianthus, native to Europe, from Spain north to Belgium and Poland, and east to Ukraine, occurring in dry, grassy habitats at elevations of up to  in mountains.

It is a variable herbaceous perennial plant growing to  tall. The leaves are slender, up to  long and  broad. The flowers are  wide, dark pink to purple, occasionally white; they are produced several together in tight flowerhead.

Gallery

References

carthusianorum
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Dean Graham Brownlie (born 30 July 1984) is an Australian-born international New Zealand cricketer, currently playing for the Northern Districts cricket team in New Zealand domestic cricket. He has represented the New Zealand national cricket team in all three formats, qualifying to represent the team by way of his father's birthplace.

Early career
Brownlie was born in Perth, Western Australia. He grew up playing both cricket and Australian rules football, representing the Mount Lawley District Cricket Club in the WACA District Cricket competition, and the West Perth Football Club at colts and reserves levels. He represented Western Australia at the 2001 Under-17 and the 2002 Under-19 national carnivals.

He played for Whitstable in the Kent Cricket League during the 2003 English cricket season as their overseas player. He made 455 runs at an average of 26.76, including one century, and also took 20 wickets.

Domestic career
Brownlie moved to New Zealand in 2009 to play for Canterbury. He made his List A debut the same season in 2010, making a golden duck on debut. However, he went on to score 86* in his second match. He then scored a century in his Plunket Shield début against Northern Districts. In June 2018, he was awarded a contract with Northern Districts for the 2018–19 season.

He was the leading run-scorer for Northern Districts in the 2018–19 Ford Trophy, with 293 runs in nine matches.

International career
He made his Twenty20 debut in January 2010 against Pakistan in 2010.

After playing several matches for the New Zealand A, he made his Test debut for the national team against Zimbabwe in November 2011 after an injury to Jesse Ryder, qualifying to represent New Zealand by way of his father, who was born in Christchurch. Brownlie scored 63 in his first innings on debut, and also took one wicket bowling medium pace in Zimbabwe's first innings.

He then played in the Australian test series and was New Zealand's best batsman, scoring 77 unbeaten in Brisbane.

On 5 February 2017, Brownlie replaced Martin Guptill in the final match of Chappell-Hadlee series in Hamilton, marking his first match in international level in 2 years. He also scored his first ODI half-century.

References

External links
 

1984 births
Australian cricketers
Canterbury cricketers
Northern Districts cricketers
Living people
New Zealand cricketers
New Zealand Test cricketers
New Zealand One Day International cricketers
New Zealand Twenty20 International cricketers
Cricketers from Perth, Western Australia
South Island cricketers
The Dapper-class gunboat was a class of twenty gunboats built for the Royal Navy in 1854–55 for use in the Crimean War.

Design
The Dapper class was designed by W.H. Walker (who also designed the preceding  and the subsequent ). The ships were wooden-hulled, with steam power as well as sails, but of shallow draft for coastal bombardment in the shallow waters of the Baltic and Black Sea during the Crimean War.

Propulsion
Ten ships had two-cylinder horizontal single-expansion trunk steam engines built by John Penn and Sons, with two boilers. The other ten had two-cylinder horizontal single-expansion direct-acting steam engines built by Maudslay, Sons and Field, with three boilers. Both versions provided 60 nominal horsepower through a single screw, sufficient for .

Armament
Ships of the class were armed with one 68-pounder smooth bore muzzle loading cannon (SBML), one 32-pounder SBML (originally two 68-pounder SBMLs were planned but the forward gun was substituted by a 32-pounder) and two 24-pounder howitzers.

Ships

References

Bibliography

Gunboat classes
 Dapper
Gmina Świerklany is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Rybnik County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Jankowice Rybnickie, which lies approximately  south of Rybnik and  south-west of the regional capital Katowice. Until 1999 its seat was Świerklany Górne.

The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2019 its total population is 12,445.

Villages
Gmina Świerklany contains the villages and settlements of Jankowice Rybnickie, Michałkowice (part of Jankowice Rybnickie), Świerklany Dolne ("Lower Świerklany") and Świerklany Górne ("Upper Świerklany").

Neighbouring gminas
Gmina Świerklany is bordered by the towns of Jastrzębie-Zdrój, Rybnik and Żory, and by the gminas of Marklowice and Mszana.

Twin towns – sister cities

Gmina Świerklany is twinned with:
 Enying, Hungary

References

Swierklany
Rybnik County
Eugen Almer (born 14 January 1953) is a Romanian former swimmer. He competed in the men's 1500 metre freestyle at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

References

External links
 

1953 births
Living people
Romanian male freestyle swimmers
Olympic swimmers for Romania
Swimmers at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Reșița
Zuarungu is a town in the Upper East Region of Ghana east of Bolgatanga. The village is the capital of the Bolgatanga East District. The people living in Zuarungu are part of the Frafra tribe. Frafra and English are commonly spoken.

Communities of Zuarungu 

 Yarigabisi
 Agric
 Kumbosku
 Daboren
 Dulugu
 Kantia
 Zonno
 Sarkoote
 Nyorkoko
 Kantaga
 Benkute
 Kunkoa
 Zuarungu-Dakio
 Zuarungu-Dubila
 Zuarungu-Moshie

Markets 
Zuarungu holds one main market. This one is called Tu'an (Frafra for Baobab Tree) and is named after a Baobab tree that used to stand there when the marked was founded. Tu'an is found around the eastern end of the DVLA Road in Zuarungu.

Additionally, there is the Timber Market which is located north of N11 in Yarigabisi. Although this market is mainly for wood you can also buy many other things there.

There are also some smaller markets around Zuarungu:
 Puskan (Zonno)
 Beat and Boot Market (Kumbosku)

Education 

 Nurse and Midwifery Training College Zuarungu
 Zuarungu Senior High School

Geologische Besonderheiten

Dams 

Many of the communities of Zuarungu have their own dams which are mainly used for agriculture. During the dry season the water is used by cattle to drink and also to water plants to make farming possible while no rain is falling.

Zonno-Zori 

Zonno-Zori (locally also Zonzori) is a hill chain east of Zuarungu near the communities of Zonno and Nyorkoko. It is formed by four main hills and many smaller hills. None of the hills of Zonzori has a name. The maximum elevation of the hills is 348 m. Zori is Frafra and can be translated as mountain or rock.

References

Populated places in the Upper East Region
Lameshur Plantation, near Cruz Bay on St. Thomas, United States Virgin Islands, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. It is located east of Cruz Bay on Little Lameshur Bay. It is included in the central part of Virgin Islands National Park and dates to 1780. It includes a horsemill.

References

External links

National Register of Historic Places in Virgin Islands National Park
Buildings and structures completed in 1780
Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands
Oxalis hedysaroides, known as the fire fern, is not a fern but a flowering perennial plant native throughout Colombia and Ecuador. It is a member of the woodsorrel genus (Oxalis) that grows to 30 cm height and 10 cm spread.

The plant gets its common name from the fact that its leaves, while starting green, turn a deep purple red with exposure to sun. Oxalis hedysaroides is a very mobile plant and will rotate its foliage significantly to follow the sun. At dusk, the plant can seem to quiver slightly as the red leaves partially close by folding in half.

The foliage of the fire fern is supported by branched wiry purple stems, and the plant produces small yellow flowers when in bloom.

References

hedysaroides
The Alignment Research Center (ARC) is a nonprofit research institute based Berkeley, California, dedicated to the alignment of advanced artificial intelligence with human values and priorities. Established by former OpenAI researcher Paul Christiano, ARC focuses on recognizing and comprehending the potentially harmful capabilities of present-day AI models.

Details 
ARC's mission is to ensure that powerful machine learning systems of the future are designed and developed safely and for the benefit of humanity. It was founded in April 2021 by Paul Christiano and other researchers focused on the theoretical challenges of AI alignment. They attempt to develop scalable methods for training AI systems to behave honestly and helpfully. A key part of their methodology is considering how proposed alignment techniques might break down or be circumvented as systems become more advanced. ARC has been expanding from theoretical work into empirical research, industry collaborations, and policy.

In March 2023, OpenAI asked the ARC to test GPT-4 to assess the model's ability to exhibit power-seeking behavior. ARC evaluated GPT-4's ability to strategize, reproduce itself, gather resources, stay concealed within a server, and execute phishing operations. As part of the test, GPT-4 was asked to solve a CAPTCHA puzzle. It was able to do so by hiring a human worker on TaskRabbit, a gig work platform, deceiving them into believing it was a vision-impaired human instead of a robot when asked. ARC determined that GPT-4 responded impermissibly to prompts eliciting restricted information 82% less often than GPT-3.5, and hallucinated 60% less than GPT-3.5.

In March 2022, the ARC received $265,000 from Open Philanthropy. After the bankruptcy of FTX, ARC said it would return a $1.25 million grant from disgraced cryptocurrency financier Sam Bankman-Fried's FTX Foundation, stating that the money "morally (if not legally) belongs to FTX customers or creditors."

See also 
 AI safety

References

External links 

 Official website

Artificial intelligence
Existential risk from artificial general intelligence
Wuzhong may refer to:
Suzhou, Jiangsu, formerly known as Wuzhong ()
Wuzhong District (), Suzhou, Jiangsu
Wuzhong, Ningxia (), prefecture-level city in Ningxia
Wuzhong () people to the north of China circa 700BC, said to be part of the Shanrong, who lived near Beijing, or Taiyuan, or north towards the State of Yan
Technological University (Kyaing Tong) () is in Kengtung Township, East Shan State, Myanmar with an area of 38.38 acres. It was formerly opened as Government Technological Institute (GTI) in 1999 and then promoted as Government Technological College (GTC) in 2001. It was upgraded to university level as Technological University in 2007.

Departments 
Civil Engineering Department
Electronics and Communications Department Department
Electrical Power Engineering Department
Mechanical Engineering Department
Academic Department

Programs

See also
Technological University, Taunggyi
Technological University, Lashio
Technological University, Loikaw
Technological University, Panglong
List of Technological Universities in Myanmar

External links 

Technological universities in Myanmar
Universities and colleges in Shan State
Hold Back Your Love may refer to:
 
"Hold Back Your Love", song by Magnum from Vigilante (Magnum album)
"Hold Back Your Love", song by White Lies from  Friends (White Lies album)
Giovanni Agostino Giustiniani Campi (Genoa, 1538 - Genoa, 1613) was the 78th Doge of the Republic of Genoa.

Biography 
His election as doge on November 27, 1591, according to the Genoese annals, was not somewhat shared among the representatives of the Grand Council so much so that the new doge Giovanni Agostino Giustiniani Campi was elected with a low number of votes in his favor. After the end of his mandate, Giustiniani Campi still held various state positions until his death in Genoa in 1613.

See also 

 Republic of Genoa
 Doge of Genoa

Sources 

 Buonadonna, Sergio. Rosso doge. I dogi della Repubblica di Genova dal 1339 al 1797.

16th-century Doges of Genoa
1538 births
1613 deaths
Serhiy Anatoliyovich Sukhobok () was a Ukrainian journalist and entrepreneur. He founded the newspaper Viddzerkalennya and co-founded two online publications, ProUA and Obkom.

The son of Ukrainians from Chernihiv, Sukhobok was born in June 1964 in Pavlodar, Kazakh SSR, and studied at Donetsk National Technical University. He was critical of oligarchs, particularly Rinat Akhmetov, and state officials. Sukhobok was killed on 13 April 2015 on a dacha near Kyiv, during a dispute that turned violent.

References 

1964 births
2015 deaths
Ukrainian journalists
Journalists killed in Ukraine
Male journalists
Assassinated Ukrainian journalists
Micropaschia is a monotypic snout moth genus. Its only species, Micropaschia orthogrammalis, was described by George Hampson in 1906. It is found in French Guiana.

References

Moths described in 1906
Epipaschiinae
Monotypic moth genera
Moths of South America
Pyralidae genera