Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The Safety Fund System was one of many banking systems created after the failure of the Second Bank of the United States and before a national banking system was established. Other notable systems include the Suffolk System, the free banking system, and the Forstall System. The Safety Fund System was the nation's first experiment in bank liability insurance. It was enacted by the New York legislature in 1829 and it began to fail following the Panic of 1837.

Background 
Throughout the antebellum period, there were several attempts to establish appropriate banking controls by employing different systems. These different experiments helped the banking industry decide which kinds of regulations worked and which ones did not. The number of banks increased from 327 to 1,562 during this time and total loans increased from just over $55.1 million to $691.9 million. Bank supplied credit also increased at an average annual rate of 6.3 percent. The financial sector was increasing rapidly and the government saw fit to place regulations on the banks. Most of these regulations were at the state level because of the Federalist views held by the Jackson administration.

Policies 
Officially passed under the Safety Fund Act in 1829, the system required banks to hold at least 3 percent of capital stock as reserves. Prior to the Act, New York banks were notoriously corrupt and bank customers had no protection from losses they would occur. These reserves were held in a common fund with all the banks of New York and were to be used to pay all debts of failed banks except capital stock. Banks were also subject to inspections to ensure proper compliance with new banking regulations.

Downfall 
After the Panic of 1837, the Safety Fund System was nearly bankrupt. The stress put on the system by the Panic eventually caused it to fail as deflation soared because the banks of New York began to only accept specie. Upon its initial passing, lawmakers did not realize the impact this insurance could have. The promise of reimbursement caused the system to break down under the burden of numerous bank failures from 1840–1842. This paved the way for the free banking system.

Effects 
The idea of bank liability insurance that was first implemented in the Safety Fund System is still prevalent in the United States banking system today. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation was created to ensure that banks are following the precedent of holding reserves. The Safety Fund System was extremely influential in the advancement of banking in the United States and its effects are still seen today.

See also 
 Antebellum Era in the United States

Notes

Further reading 
 

History of banking in the United States
Economy of New York (state)
1829 establishments in New York (state)
Monika Beer (born 27 November 1968) is a Swiss gymnast. She competed in six events at the 1984 Summer Olympics.

References

External links
 

1968 births
Living people
Swiss female artistic gymnasts
Olympic gymnasts for Switzerland
Gymnasts at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people)
Cranmore may refer to:

 Cranmore, Somerset, a village in England
 Cranmore railway station, the main railway station on the East Somerset Railway
 Cranmore, Isle of Wight, a village on the Isle of Wight, England
 Cranmore Mountain Resort, a ski resort in North Conway, New Hampshire, USA
 Cranmore, Sligo, a large local authority housing development in Ireland
Reckless Living may refer to:
 Reckless Living (1931 film), an American pre-Code drama film
 Reckless Living (1938 film), an American comedy film
Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Uttarakhand Medical Education University (HNBUMU), also known H.N.B. Uttarakhand Medical Education University, is a medical education state university located at Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. It was established in 2014 by the Government of Uttarakhand through the Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Medical Education University Act, 2014. It has jurisdiction on all medical, dental, nursing and para-medical college in the state of Uttarakhand.

Affiliated colleges
, affiliated colleges include four medical colleges, one dental college, 39 nursing colleges, 29 paramedical colleges and two "other courses" colleges. Notable colleges include:
 Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun
 Government Medical College, Haldwani

See Also
 Atal Bihari Vajpayee Medical University
 Baba Farid University of Health Sciences
 Dr. YSR University of Health Sciences
 Kaloji Narayana Rao University of Health Sciences
 Kerala University of Health Sciences
 Madhya Pradesh Medical Science University
 Maharashtra University of Health Sciences
 Odisha University of Health Sciences
 Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences
 Rajasthan University of Health Sciences
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences
 Srimanta Sankaradeva University of Health Sciences
 Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University
 West Bengal University of Health Sciences

References

External links

Medical and health sciences universities in India
Medical colleges in Uttarakhand
Universities in Uttarakhand
Universities and colleges in Dehradun
Science and technology in Dehradun
Educational institutions established in 2014
2014 establishments in Uttarakhand
The North West Parachute Centre is a BPA affiliated parachuting centre and skydiving drop zone at Cark, Cumbria.

The drop zone operates a PAC XL750 Turbine aircraft. The centre provides student training in the Ram Air Progression System, Accelerated Freefall and Tandem skydiving. The centre provides advanced coaching in formation skydiving and freefly.

Deaths 
Peter Shaw – May 2005

References

External links
 SkydiveNorthwest.co.uk/ – Official Website

Parachuting in the United Kingdom
Sports venues in Cumbria
Chariot of Fire is a Fantasy novel by E. E. Y. Hales first published in 1977 by Doubleday in the US and later by Hodder & Stoughton in the UK.

Plot summary
Chariot of Fire is a novel about Henry Brock and begins about 20 minutes after his death, where after filling out a long form totaling the times he sinned with his girlfriend, he is then assigned to the Second level of Hell, and Cleopatra asks for his aid in a revolution against Satan.

Reception
C. Ben Ostrander reviewed Chariot of Fire in The Space Gamer No. 12. Ostrander commented that "I can't spoil the ending, but I don't want you to buy this book unless you are curious about myths and religious snicker/snackery."

Kirkus Reviews states "A painless Christian homiletic with some inventive Upper Form hilarity."

References

1977 British novels
1977 fantasy novels
Doubleday (publisher) books
Fiction about the Devil
Fictional depictions of Cleopatra in literature
Novels about the afterlife
Octahydroxyanthraquinone is an organic compound with formula , formally derived from anthraquinone by replacement of 8 hydrogen atoms by hydroxyl groups. 

The compound was obtained in 1911 by Georg von Georgievics and can be obtained through oxidation of rufigallol (1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroxyanthraquinone) with boric acid and mercuric oxide in sulfuric acid at .  

Esters of octahydroxyanthraquinone, where all eight hydroxyls are replaced by straight-chain 1-alkanecarboxylate groups -()n-COO-, with n between 6 and 14, are liquid crystals and have been studied for possible LCD applications.

Octahydroxyanthraquinone is active against the malaria parasite, but rufigallol (1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroxyanthraquinone) is 22 times more potent.

References

Hydroxyanthraquinones
3-Hydroxypropenals within hydroxyquinones
Noorin Shereef is an Indian actress from Kollam, Kerala who works in  Malayalam Film Industry.

Filmography

Television serials

References

External links
 

21st-century Indian actresses
Year of birth missing (living people)
Indian film actresses
Living people
Malayali people
People from Kollam district
Actresses from Kerala
Actresses in Malayalam cinema
Actresses in Malayalam television
Actresses in Telugu cinema
Actresses from Kollam
The Deccan Medal was the first campaign medal instituted by the East India Company (EIC). It was awarded to native Indian troops who took part in the major campaigns in India between 1778 and 1784. It is sometimes referred to as the Carnatic Medal.

Criteria
The Deccan Medal was awarded to native Indian soldiers of the armies of the EIC who participated in the campaigns in the West of India and Guzerat, and the Carnatic region of Southern India, from 1778 to 1784. This included service in both the second phase of the First Maratha War of 1778–82 and the Second Mysore War of 1780–84.

The first campaign medal to be awarded by the EIC to all ranks, it was authorised in 1784 by the Governor-General of India. It was issued in two sizes: a larger medal to native officers, in gold to Subedars and silver to Jemadars; with a smaller silver medal to other ranks, including Havildars, Naiks and Sepoys. In January 1785 eligibility was extended to artillery Lascars. Europeans, including those in EIC service and with British Army, were not eligible for the medal. It was only awarded to those still alive when the roll of recipients was compiled in May 1785.

In addition to the medal, native soldiers who served in the relevant campaigns received additional pay of one rupee a month, while other ranks of EIC European units – who did not receive the medal – were granted a further two rupees a month. Each participating Indian battalion also received a pair of honorary standards.

Description
The medal was struck and minted by a private contractor in Calcutta. The gold medals were  in diameter, while the silver were issued in two sizes:  and . All types have a common design:
The obverse depicts Britannia seated on a number of military trophies, holding a laurel wreath with her right hand towards a distant fort flying a Union Jack. There is no inscription.The reverse has two Persian inscriptions that translate as: in the centre: As coins are current around the world, so shall be the bravery and exploits of those heroes by who the name of the victorious English Nation was carried from Bengal to the Deccan; around the edge: Presented AD 1784 (Hijri year 1199) by the East India Company's Calcutta Government.The medal, issued unnamed, has a milled edge like a coin.A ring suspension allowed the medal to be worn around the neck by way of a suspension cord, usually yellow or sand colour.

References

External links
 British Army Medals: Deccan Medal

British campaign medals
Medals of the Honourable East India Company
Awards established in 1784
1784 establishments in India
The Old Kazeruni dialect (, UniPers: Kâzeruniye qadim) is an extinct Southwestern Iranian language spoken in the city of Kazerun in Southern Iran.

Sample sentences

See also
 Dialects of Fars
 Persian dialects and varieties
 Southwestern Iranian languages
 Iranian languages

References

Further reading
Adib Tusi, M.A., 1381 AP / 2002 AD. Lahjeye Kâzeruniye qadin, Kâzeruniye. (in Persian).
Osman, Mahmud ebn, 1358 AP / 1979 AD. فردوس المرشديه في اسرار الصمديه. به انضمام روايت ملخص آن موسوم به انوارالمرشد في اسرار الصمديه؛ به كوشش ايرج افشار. انجمن آثار ملي
A. A. Sadeqi, "KAZERUN iii. Old Kazerun Dialect", Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XVI, Fasc. 2, pp. 216–217 

Fars Province
Languages of Iran
Southwestern Iranian languages
Extinct languages of Asia
Lepidochrysops poseidon, the Baviaanskloof blue, is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is endemic to South Africa.

The wingspan is 34–40 mm for males and 34–36 mm for females. Adults are on wing from late November to February.

References

Lepidochrysops
Butterflies described in 1987
Endemic butterflies of South Africa
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
The Meta Incognita Peninsula is located on southern Baffin Island in the Canadian territory of Nunavut. It is bounded by Hudson Strait to the south, and Frobisher Bay to the north. The hamlet of Kimmirut is on the Hudson Strait on the southern coast of the western peninsula.

On his second voyage in July, 1577, Martin Frobisher claimed this area in the name of Queen Elizabeth I of England.  The Queen named it Meta Incognita, Latin for "the unknown limits."  Frobisher's 1578 voyage was originally planned to establish a settlement here.

References

Peninsulas of Baffin Island
So Nice may refer to:

 So Nice (Soy beverage), a line of Soy-based beverages in Canada
"Summer Samba", also known as "So Nice", a 1966 bossa nova song
 "So Nice" (Scribe song), 2004
 "So Nice" (James Cottriall song), 2010
 So Nice (Johnny Mathis album), 1966
 So Nice (Houston Person album), 2011
 The So Nice Tour, concert tour by Carly Rae Jepsen
Jacobstown is an unincorporated community located within North Hanover Township, in Burlington County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Jacobstown got its name from a Quaker named Jacob Andrew. The community houses the North Hanover Township municipal building, courthouse, and two elementary schools within the North Hanover Township School District.

Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Jacobstown include:
 Joe Borden (1854–1929), 19th century MLB pitcher.

References

North Hanover Township, New Jersey
Populated places in the Pine Barrens (New Jersey)
Unincorporated communities in Burlington County, New Jersey
Unincorporated communities in New Jersey
Santa Fe Island (), also known as Barrington Island, is a small island of  which lies in the middle of the Galápagos Archipelago in Ecuador. Visitor access is by a wet landing in Barrington Bay on the northeastern side of the island.

Names
The name  is Spanish for "Holy Faith" in reference to Roman Catholic Christianity.

The English name Barrington Island was bestowed in 1794 by James Colnett in honor of Admiral Samuel Barrington, noted for his kindness to the sailors under his commands.

Geography
Santa Fe lies in the middle of the Galápagos Archipelago in Ecuador. It is southeast of Santa Cruz Island.

Environment
Geologically, the island is one of the oldest of the archipelago; volcanic rocks of about 4 million years old have been found.

The vegetation of the island is characterized by brush, palo santo trees and stands of a large subvariety of the Galápagos prickly pear cactus, Opuntia galapageia subvar. barringtonensis.

Santa Fe is home to two endemic species and two endemic subspecies: the Barrington land iguana (Conolophus pallidus), the Barrington leaf-toed gecko (Phyllodactylus barringtonensis), the Santa Fe marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus trillmichi) and the Santa Fe rice rat (Aegialomys galapagoensis bauri). Large numbers of sea lions are found on the beaches of Barrington Bay, occasionally hindering access to the two trails leading from the beach.

The island used to have its own, so far undescribed, species of Galápagos tortoise, the endemic Santa Fe tortoise, which became extinct in the mid 19th century because of overexploitation by whalers and settlers. For over 150 years the island had no tortoises. Genetic examination of tortoise bones found on the island showed that its closest relative was the Hood Island giant tortoise (Chelonoidis hoodensis) from Española Island (formerly Hood Island). Following a decision made at an international workshop on giant tortoises in 2012, a program was initiated to reestablish a tortoise population on Santa Fe, using the Española Island species as an ecological analogue, or substitute. The tortoises are ecologically important for the island ecosystem, especially for their role as seed dispersers. Between 2015 and 2021 the Santa Fe Tortoise Project successfully introduced some 700 juvenile and 31 subadult Española tortoises to Santa Fe to complete the ecological restoration program (which had begun in the 1970s with the eradication of feral goats) for the island.

References

Citations

Bibliography
 .

External links

Santa Fe Information Galapagosonline.com

Islands of the Galápagos Islands
Seabird colonies
Toribio Losoya (also known as Toribio Losoya, An Unsung Hero of the Alamo, or simply Losoya) is an outdoor bronze sculpture depicting the former Mexican soldier and Alamo defender of the same name by local artist William Easley, installed in San Antonio, in the U.S. state of Texas. The statue was donated by the Adolph Coors Co. in 1986 to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the Battle of the Alamo.

See also

 1986 in art

References

External links
 

1986 establishments in Texas
1986 sculptures
Bronze sculptures in Texas
Monuments and memorials in Texas
Outdoor sculptures in San Antonio
Sculptures of men in Texas
Statues in Texas
James A. Colston  (1910–1982) was a high school principal and served as president of several colleges in the United States. He served as president of Bethune-Cookman University 1942-46; Georgia State College (now Savannah State University) 1947-51; and Knoxville College 1951-65. He became the first African American to serve as president of a college in the state of New York and was among the first to lead a predominantly white college when he was named president of the Bronx Community College in 1966.

Education
Colston received his B.S. in education from Morehouse College in 1932; his M.A. in education from Atlanta University in 1933 and later obtained his Ph.D. from New York University.

Career
Colston served as principal of Ballard Normal School in Macon, Georgia from 1938 to 1942.

President
In 1942, Dr. Colston was named the second president of Bethune-Cookman University following the first retirement of the school's founder, Mary McLeod Bethune. While at Bethune Cookman, Colston launched the School of Education which became accredited in 1945. Dr. Colston served as president of Georgia State College from 1947 and until 1949.

Colston succeeded Benjamin F. Hubert as president of the college in 1947. It was during Colston’s term as president that Savannah State became accredited by the  Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). Also during his tenure, the college’s land-grant status was transferred to Fort Valley State College (1949).

During his term as president the campus was modernized to include the construction of the first student center and the installation of the first campus-wide telephone system. Additionally, he established the school’s first Office of Public Relations and established the Campus Chest Program. Colston resigned in 1949.

From 1951 to 1965, Dr. Colston served as president of Knoxville College in Eastern Tennessee. During his tenure the school experienced unparalleled growth. Thereafter, Colston headed Bronx Community College from 1966 until 1976. During his tenure the college's enrollment expanded from 7,000 students to 13,800 students and achieved both financial and academic success. As the school's second president, Colston oversaw the transfer of Bronx Community College from its temporary location to its Harlem River campus prior to the fall of 1973.

Legacy
The James A. Colston Administration Building on the university's campus is named in honor of Dr. Colston.

Further reading
Hall, Clyde W. (1991). One Hundred Years of Educating at Savannah State College, 1890-1990. East Peoria, Ill.: Versa Press.

References

Presidents of Savannah State University
20th-century African-American academics
Morehouse College alumni
1910 births
1982 deaths
Bronx Community College faculty
Presidents of Bronx Community College
20th-century American academics
Alan David Halsall (born 11 August 1982) is an English actor, best known for portraying the role of Tyrone Dobbs in Coronation Street, a role he has played since 1998.

Early life

Halsall was brought up in Walkden, Salford and attended Walkden High School.

Career

Halsall has been in Coronation Street since November 1998, but had previously appeared in a variety of television shows including Children's Ward, Heartbeat, Hetty Wainthropp Investigates and Queer As Folk (1999). He also appeared in the CITV four-part series Matt's Million.

Halsall won  the 2013 National Television Awards Outstanding Serial Drama Performance award for his role on  Coronation Street.

Awards and nominations

Personal life

Halsall was married to former Coronation Street and Wild at Heart actress, Lucy-Jo Hudson. They met on set and began dating in 2005. They married on 13 June 2009 in Cheshire. On 18 February 2013, via Twitter, the couple announced they were expecting their first child,  a baby girl. On 8 September 2013, Hudson gave birth to their daughter, 9 days after her due date, named Sienna-Rae. The couple announced they were splitting in March 2016, and they got back together after several weeks apart. In May 2018, they announced that they were divorcing.

References

External links
 

1982 births
Living people
British Soap Award for Best Actor winners
English male child actors
English male soap opera actors
People educated at Walkden High School
People from Walkden
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors
Male actors from Salford
The FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1933 in alpine skiing were the third edition of the competition, organized by the International Ski Federation (FIS) and held in Innsbruck, Austria in February 1933.

Men's events

Women's events

Medal table

See also
Austria at the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1933
Italy at the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1933

References

1933 in alpine skiing
1933 in Austrian sport
1933
International sports competitions hosted by Austria
Alpine skiing competitions in Austria
February 1933 sports events
Sports competitions in Innsbruck
20th century in Innsbruck
Mental Circus is the debut album from Bloodpit, a Finnish rock band. It was released on Beemvees/Playground Music in 2005.

Track list
"Bad Echo"
"In a Furnace"
"Platitude"
"Autumn"
"Bad-Ass Blues"
"For the Time Being"
"For the Days of the End"
"Out to Find You"
"One More Time"
"The Juvenile Hell"
"February Day's Draught"

2005 debut albums
Hard rock albums by Finnish artists
The name Francisco has been used to name four tropical cyclones in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The name was contributed by the United States of America, and is a male given name in the Chamorro language.

 Typhoon Francisco (2001) (T0118, 22W) – a strong typhoon that never impacted land.
 Tropical Storm Francisco (2007) (T0713, 15W) – a minimal tropical storm that struck southern China.
 Typhoon Francisco (2013) (T1327, 26W, Urduja) – is the 4th super typhoon of the season, which steered well away from Japan.
 Typhoon Francisco (2019) (T1908, 09W) — a minimal typhoon that made landfall over Japan and Korea.

The name Francisco has also been used for one tropical cyclone in the Southwestern Indian Ocean.
 Tropical Storm Francisco (2020) - a minimal tropical storm which affected Madagascar.

Pacific typhoon set index articles
Mayrimunia is a genus of small seed-eating birds in the family Estrildidae that are endemic to New Guinea.

The genus was introduced in 1949 by the German ornithologist Hans Edmund Wolters with the streak-headed mannikin as the type species. The name was chosen to honour the evolutionary biologist Ernst Mayr and combines his name with the genus Munia.

The two species now placed in genus were formerly placed in the genus Lonchura. They were moved to this resurrected genus based on a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2020.

Species
The genus contains two species:

 Streak-headed mannikin (Mayrimunia tristissima) – New Guinea
 White-spotted mannikin (Mayrimunia cinereovinacea) – New Guinea

References

 
Bird genera