Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Bodo is a village in the Far North Region of Cameroon, adjacent to the border with Nigeria.

History 
Bodo is one of the settlements in Far North that is badly affected by jihadist group Boko Haram's insurgency which originated in neighboring Nigeria in 2009. They started attacking Cameroon (along with Chad and Niger) in the mid-2010s. Bodo is just across the border which is only marked by a small river. Suicide bombers and raiders have repeatedly attacked the village, resulting in locals setting up a self-defense group. The most deadly attack in the village took place on 25 January 2016, when Bodo was struck by four female Boko Haram suicide bombers. They had disguised themselves as traders, and managed to circumvent the local self-defense fighters by using the dusty Harmattan winds to their advantage. The bombers then detonated themselves on the village's market, killing 35 people and wounding 70. The government responded by launching an attack on a suspected insurgent base at nearby Achigashia, and by closing all border markets to prevent further similar attacks.

After Boko Haram fighters overran the town of Rann in Borno State, northeastern Nigeria on 14 January 2019, about 8,000 of its inhabitants fled across the border to Bodo. Humanitarian groups set up a refugee camp to accommodate the arrivals. Regardless, Cameroonian authorities forced all but 1,500 refugees to go back to Nigeria after a few days.

See also
List of municipalities of Cameroon

References

Populated places in Far North Region (Cameroon)
Memmo di Filippuccio  (active 1303-1345)  was a 14th-century painter from Siena, Italy.

Biography
Memmo di Filippuccio is mentioned in the municipal records as painting several works at the Town Hall of San Gimignano in 1303.  The frescoed decorations are in the mayoral chamber and show scenes of everyday life. The best known of the  frescos are two scenes of domestic bliss.  The first shows a husband and wife taking a bath together in a large tub, surrounded by a striped screen and attended by a maid, The second scene shows the bedroom with the maid holding back the curtains to  reveal the wife in bed while her husband pulls back the covers to climb in bedside her.  These frescos "are among the most frequently reproduced documents used to illustrates daily life.... of the early 14th century." Memmo was given a house and workshop in San Gimignano.

Memmo di Filippucci had two sons who were painters, Lippo Memmi and Federico Memmi. His son-in-law was Simone Martini, one of the most outstanding and influential painters of Siena. In 1317, Lippo di Memmi received a commission to paint a large Maesta in the main chamber of the Town Hall. It is thought that Memmo assisted his son with this work.  Memmo may also have worked with Lippo Memmi on the fresco cycle of the New Testament in the Collegiate Church of San Gimignano, completed around 1345. These frescos have long been ascribed to "Barna of Siena" but are now believed to be the work of Lippo di Memmi and workshop.

See also
Collegiate Church of San Gimignano
Duccio
Cimabue
Giotto

References

14th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
Painters from Siena
Trecento painters
"Pistol" Jim is a western series of comics created In 1944 by Carlos Freixas and is the most famous of his creations.

History 
Carlos Freixas created the series with Emilio Freixas and Ángel Puigmiquel. Jim's adventures appeared in Gran Chicos and later Plaza El Coyote.

Appearance and main characters 
"Pistol" Jim is a vigilante, who wears black (like Hopalong Cassidy) and wears the emblem of a revolver on his chest.

He is  joined on his adventures by his freckly sidekick  Nick Rolly.

Noted amongst  the villains he faces, the sophisticated Belle Smith stands out..

Style 
In the opinion of the researcher Luis Gasca, "Pistol" Jim combines the influence of the styles of Emilio Freixas and Alex Raymond.

References 

Western (genre) comics
Spanish comic strips
1944 comics debuts
Male characters in comics
Vigilante characters in comics
Ofentse Mogawane (born 20 February 1982) is a former South African sprinter who specialized in the 400 meters.

Career
He finished sixth in the 2006 African Championships. He also competed at the 2005 World Championships and the 2006 Commonwealth Games without reaching the finals.

In 2007 Mogawane was found guilty of methylprednisolone doping. The sample was delivered on 22 June 2006 in an in-competition test in Algiers, Algeria. He received a public warning from the IAAF rather than a lengthy ban.

Mogawane was included in South African team and ran in the 4 × 400 m relay at the World Championships in Daegu, South Korea. South Africa advanced to the finals with a national record time of 2 minutes 59.21 seconds, and took Silver in the final.

At the 2012 Summer Olympics, Mogawane was part of the South African team in the 4x400 metres relay race first semifinal, where he ran the second leg. He fell and dislocated his shoulder when he collided with Kenya's Vincent Kiilu, resulting in South Africa's withdrawal from the race. South Africa was passed into the final on appeal to the IAAF, due to interference from the Kenyan athlete who downed Mogawane. They were assigned the 9th lane and finished in 8th place with their season's best time of 3:03.46.

See also
List of sportspeople sanctioned for doping offences

References

External links 
 

1982 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Johannesburg
South African male sprinters
Doping cases in athletics
South African sportspeople in doping cases
Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for South Africa
World Athletics Championships medalists
Athletes (track and field) at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for South Africa
20th-century South African people
21st-century South African people
Medallists at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Edith Isabel Paterson born Edith Isabel Myfanwy Jones (21 November 1900 – 27 September 1995) was a Scottish radiobiologist. She developed techniques for treating children with brain tumours. She pioneered cancer research and in 1967 the Paterson Institute for Cancer Research in Manchester was named to recognise her and her husband's contribution.

Life
Paterson was born to Henry and Margaret at 221 Gorgie Road in Edinburgh. Her father was a general practitioner who conducted his visits using a pony and trap. She was educated at the University of Edinburgh where she met Ralston Paterson. They studied together at the school of medicine. She went on to study to be a paediatrician in San Francisco and later at the Washington school of medicine in St Louis. She kept in contact with Ralston who with his sister had caught the same boat to the USA. They married in New York in July 1930 and quickly returned to Scotland where Ralston had accepted a position as head of radiology in Edinburgh Royal Infirmary which he did not like. They moved again in 1931 when he became a "Radium director" in Manchester.

In Manchester she had neither a position or a salary, but she was given a room at the Holt Radium Institute which her husband was reorganising and developing a scientific approach to treating cancer with radiation. She wanted to understand the clinical aspects and she would establish herself as an independent researcher and one of the first radiobiologists. She studied tissue by using chicken embryos developing methods she went to study in Cambridge at the Strangeways Research Laboratory. She worked out the different effects of X-Rays and Gamma Rays on tissue and in time she developed techniques for treating children with medulloblastomas and malignant brain tumours.

During the war she and Ralston consulted in Australia over the arrangement of cancer treatment in the major cities. After the war the Holt institute was merged into the Christie Hospital in Manchester. At that hospital Edith developed her research.

She retired in 1961 and her husband joined her a year later. They became farmers at Stenrieshill Farm, near Moffat in the south west of Scotland for twenty years. They bred livestock. Ralston died in 1981, but Edith worked on until about 1992 when ill health made her move to Edinburgh where she died in 1995. She left a daughter and two sons.

Legacy
In 1967  In 1967 Manchester's new research labs were named the Paterson Laboratories, and later the Paterson Institute for Cancer Research to commemorate the Paterson's achievement.

Edith's contribution was recognised by the politician Fred Silvester in 1986 in the House of Commons during a debate over Christie Hospital in Manchester which he believed was one of the best centres for the treatment of cancer in Europe. Silvester noted that the hospitals position developed from "Cancer research ... pioneered there since the mid-1940s when Dr. Edith Paterson, an expert in radiation biology, was at work."

References

Women radiobiologists
Radiobiologists
1900 births
1995 deaths
Medical doctors from Edinburgh
Echo Eggebrecht (born 1977) is an American artist and academic known for landscape paintings.

Education
Eggebrecht earned a BFA from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and an MFA from Hunter College. She also attended the Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture, Skowhegan, Maine.

Career 
Her artist residencies have included the Bemis Center for Contemporary Art, Omaha, NE and the Fine Arts Work Center in Provincetown, Massachusetts. She is represented by Horton Gallery, New York.

She has held solo exhibitions at Horton Gallery, New York; Nicole Klagsbrun Gallery, New York; Ter Caemer Meert Contemporary, Kortijk, Belgium; Sixtyseven, New York and Sixspace in Los Angeles as well as group exhibitions at the Brooklyn Academy of Music; ICA; Nicole Klagsburn; and White Box in New York City; Groeflin Maag Gallery in Basel, Switzerland, Poets on Painters at the Ulrich Museum and the Flinn Gallery at the Greenwich library.

In a review in The New York Times of Eggebrecht's solo show at Gallery Sixtyseven, Roberta Smith wrote that Eggebrecht her art "favors empty landscapes, whose roiled grass is meticulously rendered and dotted with wry contradictions and bits of Americana." Another reviewer, John Haber, feels that Eggebrecht's paintings tell detailed, if disturbing, stories. Much of her art is small-scale and she favors a faux-naive or surreal style.

Eggebrecht has worked as a painting instructor at Tyler School of Art and Architecture at Temple University and as an assistant professor of Art at Carnegie Mellon University.

Notable exhibitions
 Spells, Spoils & Lucky Charms, Horton Gallery, New York 
 Next Wave Art, Brooklyn Academy of Music, Brooklyn, New York
 Poets on Painters, Ulrich Museum, Wichita, KS and The Queens Library Gallery, New York, NY
 The Golden Record, Lincoln Museum, Edinburgh, UK

References

External links
Echo Eggebrecht at Artnet

1977 births
Living people
School of the Art Institute of Chicago alumni
Hunter College alumni
American women painters
Painters from New York (state)
Artists from Bangor, Maine
21st-century American women artists
Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture alumni
is a Japanese  comedian, entertainer, and actress represented by Ishii-Mitsuzo Office.

Filmography

Current TV appearances

Guest appearances

Stage

Former appearances

Dramas

Film

References

External links
 

Japanese women comedians
Japanese actresses
1964 births
People from Mie Prefecture
Living people
Pavel Pavlovský (born 11 December 1944) is a Czech actor.

Biography
Pavlovský was born on 11 December 1944 in Prague.

In 1993, he received the Thalia Award – its first recipient – for his work in theatre. He received two Czech Literary Fund Awards. In 2011 he was awarded the Historical Seal of the City of Plzeň and in 2014 was added to the Plzeň Region's Hall of Fame. He is married and had two sons.

Filmography
All My Good Countrymen (1968) as Postman Bertin

References

External links

1944 births
Living people
Actors from Prague
A list of films produced by the Israeli film industry in 1998.

1998 releases

Unknown premiere date

Awards

See also
1998 in Israel

References

External links
 Israeli films of 1998 at the Internet Movie Database

Israeli
Film
1998
Dutton v Poole (1678) is a landmark decision in the Court of Chancery.

It established the rule that privity of contract coupled with lack of consideration preclude third-party suit for breach of a contract and an exception to the rule in appropriate close family relationships. The exception it stated was, having been shunned in run-of-the-mill contract cases for around a century, in 1999 reinstatated and broadened by the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999.

Facts
In this case a son contracted with his father not to fell and sell the timber from their oak wood which the son would then inherit, and in exchange, he would pay £1000 to his sister on her marriage. The sister married after the father's death, and the son refused to make good the promised sum ().

Decision of court of law and of the court of equity
In this case Scroggs C.J. with strong reasons permitted the sister to appeal from the decision of a more junior judge of his court despite the legal prohibition caused by her not being a party to the contract (privity of contract), on the basis that she was a close family member. Scroggs held that "apparent consideration of love and affection from the father to his children [means] the consideration and promise to the father may well extend to the children."

An appeal by the son to the Court of Chancery (i.e. in the then sometimes conflicting domain of the law, the courts of equity) reinforced the determination for his sister.  The decision was confirmed in Martyn v Hind and cited in Drive Yourself Hire Co v Strutt.

Exception to privity of contract
This exception was for almost a century from 1884 considered not part of the common law, and was directly refuted in Tweddle v Atkinson (1861).

The legal and equitable narrow exemptions of Dutton v Poole (to the same effect) were in 1967 in a very limited way re-endorsed.  The Judicial Committee of the House of Lords case Beswick v Beswick confirmed their application to Executor-claimants seeking equity's assistance to enforce promises to pay them indirectly contained in contracts between third parties and the deceased. The leading judges expressed a great deal of regret in the statutory law not having loosened the doctrine still further (which took place 32 years later in 1999).

See also

English contract law
Tweddle v Atkinson (1861) 1 B&S 393, the traditional rule of privity
Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v Selfridge & Co Ltd [1915] AC 847, affirming the privity rule 250 years later in a resale price maintenance case.
Sprat v Agar
The Physicians case

References

Lord Denning cases
English privity case law
English remedy case law
House of Lords cases
Rerum may refer to :

Lacrimae rerum is the Latin for tears for things.
Rerum novarum is an encyclical issued by Pope Leo XIII on May 16, 1891. 
Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii was a Latin book by Baron Sigismund von Herberstein on the geography, history and customs of Muscovy.
Rerum Deus Tenax Vigor is the daily hymn for None in the Roman Catholic Breviary.
Silva rerum was a specific type of a book, a multi-generational chronicle.
Onkar K. Ghate (born 1965 or 1966) is a Canadian philosopher. He is an Objectivist and a senior fellow and chief philosophy officer at the Ayn Rand Institute.

Education and career 
Ghate studied economics and philosophy at the University of Toronto, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1990. He then earned a Master of Arts in philosophy in 1992 and a Doctor of Philosophy in 1998 at the University of Calgary. He is a Canadian citizen of German and Indian descent.

After working in the financial industry, Ghate began working at the Ayn Rand Institute in 2000, being appointed as dean and instructor to its recently launched Objectivist Academic Center. In 2007 he became a senior fellow at the Institute, and in 2013 became the Chief Content Officer. He has been a contributing author to several books on Ayn Rand's fictional works and her philosophy, among them "Essays on Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged" and Why Businessmen Need Philosophy. He is the author of "A Teacher's Guide to the Signet Edition of Atlas Shrugged by Ayn Rand".

Ghate has contributed articles to The Huffington Post, Fox News, CNN, and BusinessWeek. He has also made television and radio appearances on outlets such as NPR, BBC Radio, Fox News, CNBC and CBS. Ghate has given many talks to academic audiences, such as at Stanford University, the University of California, Los Angeles, and the University of California, Irvine.

See also 
 American philosophy
 Ethical egoism
 Free market
 Objectivist movement
 Philosophical realism
 Rational egoism

References

External links

21st-century Canadian non-fiction writers
Canadian academics
Canadian male journalists
Canadian people of German descent
Canadian people of Indian descent
Living people
Objectivism scholars
Objectivists
People from Irvine, California
University of Calgary alumni
University of Toronto alumni
Year of birth uncertain
Ayn Rand Institute
Year of birth missing (living people)
Daniel Masson (born April 1897, date of death unknown) was a French racing cyclist. He finished in last place in the 1922 and 1923 Tour de France.

References

External links

1897 births
Year of death missing
French male cyclists
Place of birth missing
Spottoon is a webtoon portal for English translated webtoons. It's a business run by RollingStory Inc. It is one of only two webtoon portals that offers licensed titles in English alongside TappyToon.

History
Spottoon was created by RollingStory, a global creative content servicing company based in Seoul, South Korea. The company was founded in December 2014, by the Hankyoreh Media Group and Toonion, a comic book artists union, with the initial mission to create a webtoon servicing platform for an English-language audience. With an established library containing titles such as Moss by acclaimed webtoon artist, Yoon Tae-Ho and Amanza Drama by Bo-Tong Kim, RollingStory adopted an overlaying mission to "move people with great stories" through its service.

In September 2015, RollingStory launched its main sharing platform, Spottoon. Twenty webtoon series were carefully chosen to be a part of the first wave of English translated releases. New episodes for each series are released every week and new series are being added on a continuous basis.

Upon its creation and prior to the release of Spottoon, RollingStory announced a partnership with the Huffington Post that would allow for the publication of several titles on the company's online news site.

RollingStory and Spottoon also entered a representation deal with Batman producer Michael Uslan and his son David Uslan for the potential live-action adaptations of several webtoons in the Spottoon library. It was announced that Peak, a webtoon about a group of young men completing their military service, would be the first to go into development. Two other webtoons, Tribe X and The Clockworkers were also a part of the deal.

In September 2015, RollingStory and Spottoon took part in the first exhibition devoted to webtoons in the United States. Titled "WEBTOON," the exhibition was organized by the Korean Cultural Service of New York and chronicled the history of webtoon culture. Titles from the Spottoon collection were featured throughout the exhibition and films that were adapted from webtoons, such as Moss and Secretly, Greatly were screened as a part of the event.

Spottoon can be accessed through its main website and through its android and iOS apps.

Access to their comics requires an account after the first three preview chapters, and the most recent chapters are pay to view.

References

External links

Rolling Story

Webtoon publishing companies
2015 webcomic debuts
Electronic publishing
Publishing companies established in 2015
HuffPost
GB, or Gb may refer to:

Places

 United Kingdom (ISO 3166-1 code), a sovereign country situated off the north-western coast of continental Europe
 Great Britain, an island situated off the north-western coast of continental Europe
 Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1800), a predecessor country of the United Kingdom
 Gilgit-Baltistan, a region in northern Pakistan
 Guinea-Bissau, a sovereign state in West Africa
 Green Bay, Wisconsin, United States
 Great Barrington, Massachusetts, United States

Businesses and organisations
 GB Airways, a British airline
 Gardner Bender, a manufacturer of professional electrician's tools and supplies
 Girls' Brigade, a Christian organization for girls
 Grande Bibliothèque, a large public library in Montreal
 University of Wisconsin–Green Bay, an American university
 ABX Air (IATA airline designator GB), a cargo airline
 GB Glace, a Swedish ice cream company
 Griesedieck Brothers beer, an American beer brand
 GB Supermarkets, a Belgian chain that was eventually taken over by Carrefour
 GB News, a British television news channel

Science and technology

Computing and electronics
 Gigabit (Gb), a unit of information used, for example, to quantify computer memory or storage capacity
 Gigabyte (GB), a unit of information used, for example, to quantify computer memory or storage capacity
 Gain–bandwidth product, product of amplifier midband gain and bandwidth
 Game Boy, a handheld video game console
 Guobiao standards, Chinese National Standards
 GB 2312, an encoding scheme for rendering Simplified Chinese characters
 GB 18030, an encoding scheme for rendering Simplified Chinese characters

Military technology
 Beechcraft GB Traveler, U.S. Navy aircraft
 Steyr GB, an Austrian semi-automatic handgun
 Sarin (NATO designation GB), a nerve gas
 GB-1, a World War II American glide bomb

Other uses in science and technology
 Ganglion blocker, a medication
 Gigabase (Gb), a unit of length for DNA
 Gilbert (unit) (Gb), a unit of magnetization named for English physicist William Gilbert
 Government and binding theory, in linguistics, by Noam Chomsky
 Guillain–Barré syndrome, an acute inflammatory polyneuropathy

Sport
 Great Britain at the Olympics, the Olympic team of the United Kingdom
 Green Bay Packers, an American football team
 Games behind, a number reflecting the gap between two sports teams

People
 GB (footballer), (full name Gabriel Souza da Silva), Brazilian association footballer

Other uses
 Gb (digraph), a digraph in the Latin alphabet
 Voiced labial–velar plosive, a consonant sound transcribed as 
 G♭ (musical note), a semitone
 G-flat major, a key
 Group buy, buying something as a collective
 Gazerbeam, a fictional deceased superhero in the animated film The Incredibles

See also
 BG (disambiguation)
 Gigabyte (disambiguation)
 GBS (disambiguation)
Zephyr in an unincorporated community in western Surry County, North Carolina, United States.  The community is centered on the intersection of Zephyr-Mountain Park Road and Poplar Springs Road/Zephyr Road (SR 1001) and lies between the Mitchell River and Little Creek.  Prominent landmarks in the center of the community include Gum Orchard Baptist Church and the Zephyr Cemetery.

References

Unincorporated communities in Surry County, North Carolina
Unincorporated communities in North Carolina