Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The  Nicholson–Bailey model was developed in the 1930s to describe the population dynamics of a coupled host-parasitoid system. It is named after Alexander John Nicholson and Victor Albert Bailey. Host-parasite and prey-predator systems can also be represented with the Nicholson-Bailey model. The model is closely related to the Lotka–Volterra model, which describes the dynamics of antagonistic populations (preys and predators) using differential equations.

The model uses (discrete time) difference equations to describe the population growth of host-parasite populations. The model assumes that parasitoids search for hosts at random, and that both parasitoids and hosts are assumed to be distributed in a non-contiguous ("clumped") fashion in the environment. In its original form, the model does not allow for stable coexistence. Subsequent refinements of the model, notably adding density dependence on several terms, allowed this coexistence  to happen.

Equations

Derivation
The model is defined in discrete time. It is usually expressed as 

with H the population size of the host, P the population size of the parasitoid, k the reproductive rate of the host, a the searching efficiency of the parasitoid, and c the average number of viable eggs that a parasitoid lays on a single host.

This model can be explained based on probability.  is the probability that the host will survive  predators; whereas  is that they will not, bearing in mind the parasitoid eventually will hatch into larva and escape.

Analysis of the Nicholson–Bailey model

When ,  is the unique non-negative fixed point and all non-negative solutions converge to . When , all non-negative solutions lie on level curves of the function  and converge to a fixed point on the -axis. When , this system admits one unstable positive fixed point, at

It has been proven that all positive solutions whose initial conditions are not equal to  are unbounded and exhibit oscillations with infinitely increasing amplitude.

Variations

Density dependence can be added to the model, by assuming that the growth rate of the host decreases at high abundances. The equation for the parasitoid is unchanged, and the equation for the host is modified: 

 

The host rate of increase k is replaced by r, which becomes negative when the host population density reaches K.

See also
 Lotka–Volterra inter-specific competition equations
 Population dynamics

Notes
 Parasitoids encompass insects that place their ova inside the eggs or larva of other creatures (generally other insects as well).

References

Further reading

External links
 Nicholson–Bailey model
 Nicholson-Bailey model with density dependence
 Nicholson-Bailey spatial model

Predation
Population models
Mathematical and theoretical biology
Phantassie is an agricultural hamlet near East Linton, East Lothian, Scotland. It is close to the River Tyne, Preston Mill, and Prestonkirk Parish Church.

The  Phantassie Farm and Workshop, presently owned by Hamilton Farmers, is the birthplace and childhood home of the civil engineer John Rennie the Elder (1761–1821), and his brother George Rennie (1749–1828). John Rennie is commemorated at Phantassie by balusters taken from Waterloo Bridge in London, which he designed. The estate was formerly the property of the Countess of Aberdeen, until purchased by the Rennie family in the 18th century. The 18th century main house is a category A listed building, while the farmstead is category B listed.

Phantassie Doocot
Phantassie Doocot is a "beehive" doocot, or dovecote, and is a National Trust for Scotland property, along with the nearby Preston Mill. It was built in the 16th century, and has an unusual parapet in the shape of a horseshoe. Behind the  thick walls, there are 544 nestboxes which, in years gone by, would have given good shelter to the birds. The building was given to the National Trust for Scotland in 1961 by William Hamilton of Phantassie Farm, and is a category A listed building.

Phantassie walled garden has been used for over 150 years and is dedicated to the rearing of Gloucester and Berkshire pigs, as well as Black Rock hens and organic produce.

Photo gallery

References

External links

National Trust for Scotland webpage for Phantassie Doocot
Family life at Phantassie in the mid-1870s
Aerial photos of Phantassie from RCAHMS

Villages in East Lothian
Tourist attractions in East Lothian
History of East Lothian
Category A listed buildings in East Lothian
Dovecotes
The Association Forum, formerly the Association Forum of Chicagoland, is a non-profit professional organization for association executives and supplier-partners. As of 2018, it serves nearly 4,000 members from over 400 associations in the Chicago metropolitan area.

Founded in 1916, the Association Forum was first known as the Chicago Business Secretaries Forum, then changed its name in the 1930s to Trade Association Executives Forum of Chicago, then to the Association Executives Forum of Chicago in the 1950s, then to the Chicago Society of Association Executives in the 1960s, and Association Forum of Chicagoland in the 1990s. In 2015, the organization is referred to as Association Forum.

External links
Official website

1916 establishments in Illinois
Business and industry organizations based in Chicago
Non-profit organizations based in Chicago
Ponnuru is a neighbourhood in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Ponnur municipality of Tenali revenue division.

Government and politics 

Ponnur Municipality is the governmental body.

Transport 

Nidubrolu railway station is classified as a D–category station in the Vijayawada railway division of South Central Railway zone. There are frequent public bus services available from Tenali and Guntur, as all passenger train services from Tenali were extended to Guntur.

Prominent citizens 

 N.G Ranga - Gandhian and former MP
 Pamulapati Ankineedu Prasada Rao - Former Member of Parliament
 T. R. K. Prasad - former Cabinet Secretary, Govt. of India
 Yetukuri Venkata Narasayya - Telugu poet
 Kotha Satyanarayana Chowdary - Telugu poet
 Kondaveeti Venkatakavi - Telugu poet
 Talluri Satyanarayana - Telugu poet
 Talluri Jiyyarudasu - Revolutionary
 Colonel P. L. N. Chowdary
 Pragada Koatayya - President, Weavers Congress
 Billuri Kotaiah Nayudu (Retd Captain, President Medal Winner)
 Kathi Padmarao (Dalit leader)
 GURU BALU POET,LEADER.
 Abby Kolli, 2nd best player on 2nd best team under 16 in Auckland, New Zealand

References 

Villages in Guntur district
Green Meadows may refer to:

United States
Green Meadows, Los Angeles, a neighborhood in California
Green Meadows, Indiana, an unincorporated community in Tippecanoe County
Green Meadows, Shelby County, Indiana, an unincorporated community
Green Meadows, Prince George's County, Maryland, an unincorporated community
Green Meadows, Ohio, a census-designated place
Green Meadows, Oregon, a census-designated place

Other uses
Green Meadows, a fictional town in early drafts of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring, an American rural idyll turning dystopian, a town without birdsong

References
Most Gracious Majesty is a form of address in the United Kingdom. It is an elaborate version of Your Majesty and is only used in the most formal of occasions.

Historical background
Around 1519 King Henry VIII decided Majesty should become the style of the sovereign of England. "Majesty", however, was not used exclusively; it arbitrarily alternated with both "Highness" and "Grace", even in official documents. For example, one legal judgment issued by Henry VIII uses all three indiscriminately; Article 15 begins with "the Kinges Highness hath ordered," Article 16 with "the Kinges Majestie" and Article 17 with "the Kinges Grace."

In pre-Union Scotland Sovereigns were only addressed as Your Grace.

During the reign of James VI of Scotland and I of England and Ireland, however, James made Majesty the official title, to the exclusion of others.

The style "His/Her Most Excellent Majesty" is used solely for a present or past reigning monarch. The style "Her Most Gracious Majesty" may be used for a queen consort, queen mother, or dowager queen, in addition to a present or past reigning monarch.

In 2012, the Speaker of the House of Commons and Lord Speaker used a modified version of this style, addressing Queen Elizabeth II as 'Most Gracious Sovereign'.

See also
Forms of address in the United Kingdom
Style of the British Sovereign
Your Majesty
Your Grace

References

Style of the British sovereign
Superlatives
John Austin may refer to:

Arts and entertainment
John P. Austin (1906–1997), American set decorator
Johnny Austin (1910–1983), American musician
John Austin (author) (fl. 1940s), British novelist

Military 
John Austin (soldier) (1801–1833), active in early settlement of Mexican Texas
John Arnold Austin (1905–1941), United States Navy warrant officer
John Beech Austin (1917–2012), British aviator in World War II

Philosophy 
J. L. Austin (John Langshaw Austin, 1911–1960), British philosopher of language
John Austin (legal philosopher) (1790–1859), British legal and political theorist

Politics 
John Gardiner Austin (1812–1900), British colonial secretary of Hong Kong
Sir John Austin, 1st Baronet (1824–1906), British politician, MP for Osgoldcross
John Austin (politician) (born 1944), British politician, MP

Religion
John Austin (1613–1669), English Catholic theologian and writer
John Austin (Jesuit) (1717–1784), Irish Jesuit
John Mather Austin (1805–1880), American Universalist clergyman
John Austin (bishop) (1939–2007), British bishop of Aston

Sports
John Austin (cricketer) (1871–1956), Barbadian cricketer
John Austin (basketball) (born 1944), American basketball player
John Austin (tennis) (born 1957), American tennis player
John Austin (American football) (fl. 1976–2003), American college football player and coach

Others 
J. Paul Austin. President and CEO of The Coca-Cola Company, 1962–1981
John Austin (highwayman) (died 1783), English criminal, last person hanged on the gallows at Tyburn, London
John Austin (inventor) (1752–1830), Scottish inventor of musical equipment
John Alexander Austin (1912–1984), Canadian aviator
John C. Austin (1870–1963), British-born American architect
John Osborne Austin (1849–1918), American genealogist

See also
John Austen (disambiguation)
Jack Austin (disambiguation)
Antaeotricha paracta is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in Peru and Colombia.

The wingspan is about 26 mm. The forewings are white, with a few scattered fuscous scales and a narrow pale fuscous streak along the basal third of the costa. The dorsal two-fifths is light fuscous, marked with some dark fuscous suffusion on the dorsum towards the base, and two subtriangular slightly inwards-oblique dark fuscous blotches at two-fifths and four-fifths, as well as a cloudy dark fuscous dot above the fold before the apex of the first dorsal blotch, and three forming an oblique series in the middle of the disc with the apex of the second. There is a curved series of six dark fuscous dots from three-fourths of the disc to the tornus, and a dot towards the costa at four-fifths, as well as six blackish marginal dots around the apex and termen. The hindwings are light grey.

References

Moths described in 1915
paracta
Moths of South America
Gastronomica: The Journal of Food and Culture is a peer-reviewed interdisciplinary academic journal with a focus on food. It is published by the University of California Press. It was founded by Darra Goldstein in 2001.

Awards
The journal has received a number of accolades:
Prix d'Or at the Gourmet Voice World Media Festival in 2004
2007 Utne Independent Press Award for Social/Cultural Coverage
Best Food Magazine in the World at the 2011 Gourmand Awards in Paris
Co-winner of the 2012 James Beard Foundation Award for Best Publication of the Year.

References

External links

University of California Press academic journals
Food and drink magazines
Quarterly magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 2001
Magazines published in California
History of food and drink
Leslie Kellett (11 May 1915 – 9 January 2002) was an English professional wrestler who rose to prominence due to the popularity of televised wrestling in the 1960s and 1970s. He was born in Laisterdyke, Bradford, West Riding of Yorkshire, the son of Bill Kellett, a Bradford engineer, and Sarah Kellett.

Les was an engineer in the merchant navy and was demobbed in Manchester, where a meeting with Joe Hill led him to consider life as a professional wrestler. During the 1950s he earned between £40 and £50 and was fighting five to six times a week all over the country. In the 1960s Kellett was nominated for the ITV Sports Personality of the Year and was presented to Prince Philip at the Royal Albert Hall in the 1970s.

In the 1970s, he could regularly be seen on ITV's Saturday afternoon sports show-case, World of Sport. Although well known for his comic antics he was respected and feared in equal measure by his fellow professionals and was regarded as one of the toughest opponents in the sport. One of his standard tactics was to appear punch-drunk and almost defeated in a match, before suddenly recovering his ability and delivering the decisive move.

The money he earned from his wrestling appearances was not considerable and he supplemented his earnings by working a small holding and café called "The Terminus" in Thornton (close to the terminus of Bradford Trolleybus route 7), with his wife Margaret. On two acres behind the house Kellett sometimes bred pigs and once said he kept fifty head of cattle. Although not seen in televised action after the 1970s, he is still fondly remembered as one of its most endearing characters.

Kellett died peacefully in his sleep, in Ilkley, two years after he moved to a nursing home, at the age of 86, leaving a widow, Margaret, son Christopher and two grandchildren, Robert and Keeley. His other son, David Barrie, with whom he used to wrestle as a tag partner and who was a popular middleweight wrestler in his own right, had died in 2000.

References

 Profile at Online World of Wrestling
 Wrestling Heritage - wrestlers' biographies
 

1915 births
2002 deaths
English male professional wrestlers
Mass media people from Bradford
Entertainers from Yorkshire
Daniel Alejandro Rivillo Godoy (born 21 December 1996) is a Venezuelan footballer who plays as a defender for Aragua in the Venezuelan Primera División.

Honors

Club
Zulia
Copa Venezuela: 2016, 2018

References

External links
Profile at ESPN FC

1996 births
Living people
Atlético Venezuela C.F. players
Zulia F.C. players
Aragua FC players
Venezuelan Primera División players
Venezuelan men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Footballers from Caracas
21st-century Venezuelan people
Union Church (also known as Yellow Pine Church or Yellow Pine Christian Church) is a historic one-room church south of Sibley in Webster Parish in northwestern Louisiana.

It was built in a Gothic Revival style and in 1996 was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

In 2013, the congregation initiated the construction of a second building for Sunday school rooms and a fellowship hall.

References

Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Louisiana
Carpenter Gothic church buildings in Louisiana
Buildings and structures in Webster Parish, Louisiana
National Register of Historic Places in Webster Parish, Louisiana
Rudolph Emil "Swede" Hagberg (June 18, 1907 – November 25, 1960) was a professional American football center in the National Football League (NFL). He played two seasons for the Buffalo Bisons (1929) and the Brooklyn Dodgers (1930).

References

1907 births
1960 deaths
American football centers
Brooklyn Dodgers (NFL) players
Buffalo Bisons (NFL) players
West Virginia Mountaineers football players
People from Charleroi, Pennsylvania
Players of American football from Washington County, Pennsylvania
Carl Gripenstedt (23 February 1893 – 30 April 1981) was a Swedish fencer. He competed at the 1920 and 1924 Summer Olympics.

References

External links
 

1893 births
1981 deaths
Swedish male épée fencers
Olympic fencers for Sweden
Fencers at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Fencers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
People from Uppsala Municipality
Sportspeople from Uppsala County
Carl
20th-century Swedish people
Jihad Al-Zoghbi () is a Syrian actor and voice actor.

Filmography

Film

Television

Dubbing roles
Dinosaur - Kron
Over the Garden Wall - Narrator

References

External links

Living people
Syrian male actors
Syrian male voice actors
21st-century Syrian male actors
Syrian male television actors
Year of birth missing (living people)
Pogodin () is a Russian surname that has been borne by, among others:

 Arkady Pogodin (1901—1975), Soviet singer
 Mikhail Pogodin (1800-1875), historian and journalist
 Nikolai Pogodin (1900-1962), pseudonym of N. F. Stukalov, playwright
 Oleg Pogodin (b. 1965), film director and scriptwriter
 Serhiy Pohodin (b. 1968), Ukrainian footballer and coach
Galerie Gmurzynska is a commercial art gallery based in Zurich, Switzerland, specializing in modern and contemporary art and work by the Russian avant-garde. It became a popular venue for international collectors seeking Russian art that was banned by the Soviet regime, and, according to Artnet, became the "go-to place for Russian art for international collectors".

The gallery buys and sells mostly works by modern and contemporary artists. It also sells pieces at art fairs by artists such as Pablo Picasso, Kurt Schwitters, Fernand Léger, Lyonel Feininger, Robert and Sonia Delaunay, Stallone and Fernando Botero. The gallery works with the estates of Yves Klein, Wifredo Lam, Louise Nevelson, and Robert Indiana among others. It also arranged for an exhibition of Sylvester Stallone at the Museum of Modern Art in Nice in 2015 and hosts the artwork of fashion designer Karl Lagerfeld and the architect Richard Meier.

The gallery also publishes books and catalogues for its exhibitions.

References

External links

Art museums and galleries in Switzerland
The 2009 VFF Bred Cup was the qualifying competition for the 2009–10 OFC Champions League.

The club who advanced to this tournament was Tafea FC, Vanuatu's sole representative at the competition. The competition was played in two separate championships, north and south, with each winner facing off in the overall final.

Northern Championship

Teams 
 Vaum United
 Autebule F.C.
 Air Supa
 Rainbow F.C.

Semi-finals

Final 
Vaum United advance to the overall final.

Southern Championship

Teams 
 Amicale FC
 Tafea FC
 Kings United
 Sele United (qualifying stage)
 Nalkutan FC

Qualifying stage 
Kings United win on aggregate 3-2*.

Semi-finals

First leg

Second leg 
Tafea F.C. win on aggregate 4-1*.Amicale F.C. win on aggregate 3-1.

Third-Place Match

Final 
Tafea F.C. advance to the overall final.
 The second-leg score is unknown, so the aggregate only counts the first leg score.

Overall Final 
Tafea F.C. qualified for the 2009–10 OFC Champions League.

References

2008–09 in Vanuatuan football
VFF National Super League seasons
Ethmia argopa is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1910. It is found in Malaysia.

The wingspan is . Adults are similar to Ethmia praeclara, but the forewings are broader, the black dots are larger and there are nine marginal dots. The hindwings are ochreous yellow.

References

Moths described in 1910
argopa
Sirjan is a city in Kerman Province, Iran.

Sirjan () may refer to:
 Sirjan County, in Kerman Province
 Sirjan, Birjand, South Khorasan
 Serijan, South Khorasan
Selskap med delt ansvar or DA (company with divided liability), is a type of company in Norway that does not have limited liability. The company will have two or more participants, who hold a given percentile ownership of the company. A DA is not based around stocks, like the aksjeselskap (AS), and there is no mutual liability, like in the ansvarlig selskap (ANS). Instead each participant is directly liable for its relative ownership in the company.

There is no need for a minimum initial equity in the company or for auditing if there are no more than 5 company participants or the revenues do not exceed 5 million NOK. The company is required to have neither a board of directors nor a managing director. If there is no managing director, any of the participants may sign for the company.

A disadvantage is that in case of bankruptcy, the owner will be held liable for a share of the debt.

Types of companies of Norway
Limnocottus bergianus is a species of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It was described by Dmitrii Nikolaevich Taliev in 1935. It is a freshwater fish which is endemic to Lake Baikal, Russia. It is known to dwell at a depth range of 100–1000 metres. Males can reach a maximum total length of 22.5 centimetres.

L. bergianus feeds primarily on bony fish and gammarids.

References

bergianus
Fish described in 1935
Taxa named by Dmitrii Nikolaevich Taliev
Fish of Lake Baikal
The Wuhan Cup is a biennial world championship contract bridge tournament for national mixed . It is contested every odd-number year under the auspices of the World Bridge Federation (WBF), alongside the Bermuda Bowl (Open), d'Orsi Bowl and Venice Cup and was inaugurated in 2019. The event took the name of the City of Wuhan who presented the trophy and will provide replicas for future editions.

Winner

2019 Wuhan, China

2022 Salsomaggiore, Italy
Tournament scheduled for 2021 but held in 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Medals (2019-2022)

Hosts
 2019: Wuhan, China
 2021: Salsomaggiore Terme, Italy

References

Contract bridge world competitions
Mastaura may refer to:
Mastaura (Caria)
Mastaura (Lycia)
Steve Cacciatore is a retired American soccer forward who played professionally in the American Soccer League and the North American Soccer League.

Cacciatore grew up on "The Hill" (an Italian neighborhood) in St. Louis, Missouri and graduated from St. Louis University High School.  He then attended Southern Illinois University Edwardsville where he played on the men's soccer team from 1972 to 1975. He, along with the rest of the 1972 team, was inducted into the SIUE Athletic Hall of Fame in 2005. On January 14, 1976, the Rochester Lancers selected Cacciatore in the third round of the North American Soccer League draft.  The Los Angeles Skyhawks of the American Soccer League drafted him a week later.  Cacciatore signed with the Skyhawks for the 1976 season. In 1977, he played one game for the St. Louis Stars in the North American Soccer League.  The St. Louis Soccer Hall of Fame inducted Cacciatore in 2005.  His brothers, Chris & Jeff also played professionally.

References

External links
NASL/ASL stats

1954 births
Living people
Soccer players from St. Louis
American men's soccer players
American Soccer League (1933–1983) players
Los Angeles Skyhawks players
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players
St. Louis Stars (soccer) players
SIU Edwardsville Cougars men's soccer players
Men's association football forwards
Cincinnati Comets players
Dewey House may refer to:

in the United States
(by state)
Dewey House, a building at University of Chicago, in Chicago, Illinois
Dewey House (North Chicago, Illinois), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Lake County, Illinois
Joseph Dewey House, Westfield, Massachusetts, listed on the NRHP in Massachusetts
Francis Dewey House Worcester, Massachusetts, listed on the NRHP in Massachusetts 
Dewey Cottage, South Kingstown, Rhode Island, listed on the NRHP in Rhode Island
Dewey House (Hartford, Vermont), National Register of Historic Places in Windsor County, Vermont