Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The Petrushka chord is a recurring polytonal device used in Igor Stravinsky's ballet Petrushka and in later music. These two major triads, C major and F major – a tritone apart – clash, "horribly with each other", when sounded together and create a dissonant chord.

Structure
The Petrushka chord in the piano during the second tableau of Petrushka is shown below.

The Petrushka chord is defined as two simultaneous major triads separated by a tritone. In Petrushka, Stravinsky used C major on top of F major (the latter presented here in first inversion):

The device uses tones that, together, make up a synthetic hexatonic scale (0 1 4 6 7 t). When enharmonically spelled C–D–E–G–G()–B, it is called the tritone scale. Alternatively, when spelled C–D–E–F–G–B, it can be read as the auxiliary diminished scale.

The chords may be considered to contradict each other because of the tritone relationship: "Any tendency for a tonality to emerge may be avoided by introducing a note three whole tones distant from the key note of that tonality."

At the end of the third tableau, the Petrushka chord appears with Petrushka but at A and E, which, with C and F, create a diminished seventh chord (0, 3, 6, 9) and exhaust the octatonic scale (9 1 4, 3 7 t, 0 4 7, and 6 t 1 = 0 1 3 4 6 7 9 t), "and suggests that it did... possess for Stravinsky an a priori conceptual status".

Petrushka and origin

Although attributed to Stravinsky, the chord (or, more precisely, two simultaneous major chords set a tritone apart, specifically F and B major) was present much earlier in Franz Liszt's Malédiction Concerto. (Although the exact date of the composition remains unknown, it is estimated by Humphrey Searle to be from about 1840; the composition is believed to have originated from one of Liszt's early works, performed in 1827.)

Maurice Ravel uses this chord in his piano work Jeux d'eau to create flourishing, water-like sounds that characterize the piece. In his article "Ravel's 'Russian' Period: Octatonicism in His Early Works, 1893-1908", Steven Baur notes that Jeux d'eau was composed in 1901, ten years before Stravinsky composed Petrushka (1911), suggesting that Stravinsky may have learned the trick from Ravel.  Stravinsky heard Jeux d'eau and several other works by Ravel no later than 1907 at the "Evenings for Contemporary Music" program.

Stravinsky used the chord repeatedly throughout the ballet Petrushka to represent the puppet and devised the chord to represent the puppet's mocking of the crowd at the Shrovetide Fair. Eric Walter White suggests and dismisses the possibility that the Petrushka chord is derived from Messiaen's "second Modes of limited transposition" (the octatonic scale) in favor of a "black key/white key bitonality" which results from, "Stravinsky's well known habit of composing at the piano."

Other uses

The 1979 song "Kogaion" by Romanian progressive rock band Sfinx makes use of the chord.

The Petrushka chord is dominantly used in the track Above the Clouds, from the 2003 simulation game Sim City 4.

See also
Polychord
Elektra chord
Mystic chord
Psalms chord
Tristan chord

References

Chords
Igor Stravinsky
Oluremi Comfort Sonaiya (born March 2, 1955), is a Nigerian politician, educationalist and writer. She was Nigeria's only female presidential candidate in the 2015 general election under the platform of the KOWA Party. But recently lost her bid to Dr. Adesina Fagbenro Byron in representing the party again in 2019 election.

Early life and education
Sonaiya was born in Ibadan, the capital of Oyo State, where she completed her primary and secondary school education at St. Luke's Demonstration School, Ibadan and St. Anne's School, Ibadan. In 1977, she graduated from the University of Ife (now Obafemi Awolowo University), where she studied French.

She later obtained a Master of Arts degree in French Literature from Cornell University in the United States, and another master's degree in Linguistics from a university in Nigeria in 1984. She returned to Cornell in 1988 to pursue a PhD programme in Linguistics.

Career
In 1982, she was employed as an Assistant Lecturer in the Department of Foreign Languages, Obafemi Awolowo University before she rose to the position of Professor of French Language and Applied Linguistics in 2004. She is a fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation where she went on to be appointed the body's Ambassador Scientist from 2008 to 2014.

In 2010, she retired from her position at Obafemi Awolowo University and became politically active, joining the KOWA Party where she was voted its National Public Relations Officer, and went on to be the party's candidate for the 2015 Presidential election. At the election, Sonaiya received 13,076 votes and finished in 12th place.

Publications
Sonaiya is a columnist for The Niche, a Nigerian online newspaper, Sonaiya has published several books including:
 Culture and Identity on Stage: Social-political Concerns and Enactments in Contemporary African Performing Arts (2001) 
 Language Matters: Exploring the Dimensions of Multilingualism (2007)
 A Trust to Earn – Reflections on Life and Leadership in Nigeria (2010) 
 Igniting Consciousness – Nigeria and Other Riddles (2013) 
 Daybreak Nigeria – This Nation Must Rise! (2014)

Personal life
She is married to Babafunso Sonaiya, a professor of animal science, and they have one son, one daughter and grandchildren.

References

External links
 

1955 births
Living people
Nigerian women writers
Yoruba women writers
Nigerian women in politics
Yoruba women in politics
People from Ibadan
People from Oyo State
Obafemi Awolowo University alumni
Cornell University alumni
St Anne's School, Ibadan alumni
Kulkani Rural District () is in Majin District of Darreh Shahr County, Ilam province, Iran.

At the National Census of 2006, its population was 1,719 in 310 households. There were 1,610 inhabitants in 382 households at the following census of 2011. At the most recent census of 2016, the population of the rural district was 1,384 in 368 households. The largest of its eight villages was Godar-e Namak, with 427 people.

References 

Darreh Shahr County

Rural Districts of Ilam Province

Populated places in Darreh Shahr County
Michael Useem is an American academic. He is the William and Jacalyn Egan Professor of Management at Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, where he is also the director of the Center for Leadership and Change Management. He is the author of several books.

Selected works
The Leader’s Checklist
The Leadership Moment 
Investor Capitalism
The Go Point: When It’s Time to Decide
The Edge

References

External links 
 The Best Management Is Less Management a 2018 strategy+business magazine article by Michael Useem and Harbir Singh on management lessons from the Chilean government's response to crisis.

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
University of Pennsylvania faculty
Harvard University alumni
University of Michigan alumni
Luis Manuel Oliva Rodriguez (born November 24, 1951), better known as Luis Oliva, is a Puerto Rican mime, actor and comedian. Born in Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico, Oliva is considered by the Puerto Rican National Institute for Popular Culture as "one of the great Latin American mimes". To Puerto Rican television viewers, however, he may be best known as "Angelito", Raul Davila's character's son in a WAPA-TV show from the late 1980s' named "Carmelo y Punto".

Biography
Oliva began his professional acting career in 1974, hired for a popular Puerto Rican theater play named "Puerto Rico Fua", of the Argentine playwright, Carlos Ferrari. One year later, Oliva traveled to France with a theater company named "Teatro del Sesenta" in order to participate in "Puerto Rico Fua"'s European shows; this trip would change his life. He decided to stay in the European country to study with Etienne Decroux, who had previously taught Marcel Marceau, who is also considered by experts  and critics as one of the greatest pantomimes in history. Oliva during this time grew great admiration for Marceau. During this period, Oliva also studied dancing.

Oliva later participated in French theater plays and recorded a miming special for a French television channel before having the opportunity of acting alongside his idol Marcel Marceau. In 1983, Oliva returned to his home country of Puerto Rico, where he played Juan Bobo, a folkloric Puerto Rican character, in a theater play named "Los Titingos de Juan Bobo" ("Juan Bobo's Personal Issues"). Playing Juan Bobo may have led to Oliva's next role of note, as Juan Bobo is typically characterized as an innocent, good-natured fool in Puerto Rican folklore, sharing similar traits with "Angelito", Raul Davila's "Carmelo"s son in the 1988 WAPA-TV hit television comedy "Carmelo y Punto", a show which enabled Oliva to become known to non-theater goers among the Puerto Rican public and to be interviewed on such magazines as Vea, Teve Guia and others, giving him mainstream celebrity in the island.

Oliva later found work at channel 6's show "Maria Chuzema" alongside Tere Marichal.

The 2001 Puerto Rican International Book Festival was dedicated to Oliva.

Oliva taught mime to students at a local government school in Bayamon, Puerto Rico. He then moved to the United States state of Indiana, where he bought a theater named Theater at the Fort, where he and his wife acted in Hemingway's "The Old Man and the Sea.

Personal life
Oliva's wife is also a mime and an actress.

Influences
Apart from Marceau, Oliva also lists Gaby, Fofo y Miliki, Diplo, Oliva's early theater teacher Gilda Navarro and Puerto Rican clown Pedro Santos ("Payaso Piruli") among his influences.

See also
List of Puerto Ricans

External links

1951 births
Living people
People from Bayamón, Puerto Rico
Male actors from San Juan, Puerto Rico
Puerto Rican male actors
Puerto Rican mimes
Puerto Rican expatriates in France
21st-century Puerto Rican educators
21st-century American educators
Barbara Mean (born 5 January 1950) is a British sprint canoer who competed in the late 1960s. She finished eighth in the K-2 500 m event at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.

References
Sports-reference.com profile

1950 births
Canoeists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Living people
Olympic canoeists for Great Britain
British female canoeists
Guioa oligotricha is a species of plant in the family Sapindaceae. It is found in New Guinea.

References

oligotricha
Trees of New Guinea
Vulnerable plants
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Francine Toon (born 1986), also writing as Francine Elena, is a British writer.

Early life

Toon was born in Canterbury, England, in 1986, and moved to the Scottish Highlands, near Dornoch, at the age of nine after living in England and Portugal. After two years the family moved to St Andrews on the coast of Fife where Toon attended Madras College, where she won the Margaret Brown Medal for English in 2003. She "returned regularly for holidays" to Sutherland "until she was into her late teens" and "the northern wilds have haunted her ever since, and form the backdrop to her debut novel". She attended Edinburgh University, where she wrote for The Student, before interning at Chambers Dictionaries.  After university she moved to London to work in publishing. She was a commissioning editor at Sceptre, an imprint of Hachette, and then became an editor for The Novelry, a provider of online writing courses.

Writing
Her debut novel, Pine, won the 2020 McIlvanney Prize for "the best Scottish crime book of the year", and was shortlisted for the 2020 Bloody Scotland Debut Prize and longlisted for the Highland Book Prize and the Deborah Rogers Foundation Writers Award. The Guardian's reviewer said that it "inhabits the woods and fells like a secretive wild animal" and called it a "well-written tale" but said that "What lets the narrative down is its reliance on the conventional tropes of the ghost-story genre." The Scotsman's reviewer found that "There’s much to admire in Pine" but that "There are, however, one or two issues with the predictability of the plot that detract from the whole." while saying that the book is "carefully calibrated to make every single hair on the back of your neck stand up on end as if you'd just heard a twig snap behind you in a forest at midnight." It was included in  The Telegraph's "Best first novels to look out for in 2020".

Her poetry, written under the name Francine Elena, has appeared in publications including The Best British Poetry 2013, The Best British Poetry 2015, The Sunday Times, Poetry London, Ambit, The Honest Ulsterman, The Quietus, and  Wasafiri.  She has interviewed other poets, including Mark Waldron for Prac Crit.

References

External links

Living people
21st-century British poets
21st-century British novelists
1986 births
Writers from Canterbury
People from Highland (council area)
People educated at Madras College
Writers from Fife
People from Sutherland
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Scottish women writers
Scottish book editors
21st-century British women writers
21st-century Scottish women writers
CHIM-FM-5 was a Canadian radio station, operating at 93.1 FM in Red Deer, Alberta, Canada. Although licensed as a rebroadcaster of CHIM-FM in Timmins, Ontario, the Red Deer station aired some unique local programming and on-air staff and had its own logo not used by any of the other CHIM stations.

CHIM-FM was given approval by the CRTC on June 7, 2000, to add a rebroadcaster at Red Deer. CHIM-FM's licence renewal application was denied by the CRTC on October 23, 2012 due to regulatory violations. As CHIM-FM-5 is licensed as a rebroadcaster of CHIM-FM, it must cease broadcasting at the end of the broadcast day on November 30, 2012.

References

External links
CHIM-FM Red Deer

Him-Fm-5
Him-Fm-5
Him-Fm-5
Radio stations established in 2000
Radio stations disestablished in 2012
2000 establishments in Alberta
2012 disestablishments in Alberta
HIM-FM-5
Gael Grunewald (born 18 December 1964) is the Head of the Department of Education at the World Zionist Organization, previously served ad the Head of the Settlement Division of the World Zionist Organization and the former Deputy Chairman of KKL and Secretary General of World Bnei Akiva.

Gael Grunewald was born in France and grew up in Paris. After graduating the Etz-Haim Yeshiva in Switzerland; he made Aliyah and joined the IDF and after a military service he returned to France for teaching and coordinating the Bnei Akiva youth movements. Following that, he came back to Israel and studied for a computer engineering degree and a degree in science teaching. He worked for five years for World Bnei Akiva and also managed the Jewish Agency's Counselors Training Institute.
 
For four years Grunewald served as the Jewish Agency representative in Europe and was also an educational advisor for the European Rabbis Committee. At the end of the term he was elected secretary general of World Bnei Akiva and as chair of the Youth Movements World Council. In 2006 he was elected for the World Zionist Organization executive and served as the head of the WZO Hagshama Department. In addition, he served as chair of the Beit-Shemesh / Washington / South Africa Partnership 2000 and chair of the Vaad Amuta of world Bnei Akiva; he serves as a member and chair in several organizations dealing with different areas.

Grunewald is the chairman of Zurba Merabana, The High institute for Halach Studies. Zurba Merabana has 200 chapters in Israel and the Diaspora.

Grunewald was elected as a board member in June 2011. previously he served on the board from 2001 through 2010.

In January 2012 Grunewald was elected as deputy chairman of KKL.

In October 2015 he was elected chairman of the Settlement Division of the World Zionist Organization.

In November 2020, following the coalition agreement of the 38th World Zionist Congress, Gael was appointed deputy chairman of the World Zionist Organization and chairman of the Department of Education at the World Zionist Organization.

Gael is married to Shira and they have 7 Children. They live in Bet Shemesh.

References

External links
 Gael Grunewald bio on the Jewish Agency Board of Governors webpage
Meet the World Zionist Organization department heads. JERUSALEM POST. 14.10.2020

1964 births
Living people
Jewish National Council members
The Women's 3 m synchro springboard competition of the 2022 European Aquatics Championships was held on 18 August 2022.

Results

The final was started at 15:30.

References

Diving
Alexander Thomson BSC (12 January 1929 – 14 June 2007) was a British cinematographer.

Biography
Born in London, England, he was first offered a job by Bert Easey (1901-1973), who was head of cameras at Denham and Pinewood Studios. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Cinematography for Excalibur (1981).

His other films included Year of the Dragon (1985), Legend (1985), Labyrinth (1986), The Krays (1990), Alien 3 (1992), Cliffhanger (1993), Demolition Man (1993), Executive Decision (1996) and two of Kenneth Branagh's Shakespeare adaptations, Hamlet (1996) and Love's Labour's Lost (2000).

After beginning his film career in the late 1940s, he went on to serve as a camera operator under cinematographer Nicolas Roeg on twelve films between 1961 and 1966. In 1998 he shot the Royal Premiered CinemaScope short "The Troop" (dir: Marcus Dillistone) An interview with Alex Thomson appears in a new book Conversations with Cinematographers by David A Ellis, published by Scarecrow Press.

Thomson died on 14 June 2007, at the age of 78, in Chertsey, Surrey.

Filmography

References

External links

1929 births
2007 deaths
Artists from London
British cinematographers
Hearts Are Magnets is the first EP of singer-songwriter Jason Reeves and his first published work with producer Mikal Blue.  It was self-released in the US on February 14, 2006.

History
Hearts Are Magnets is the fourth overall release of artist Jason Reeves. After briefly attending college, Reeves kept pursuing music in his native Iowa City, Iowa and self-released three albums. Two of these albums, Makeshift Aircraft (2003) and The Nervous Mind Of Love (2004) were sold through online store cdbaby.com and at his shows. Record producer Mikal Blue discovered these albums through his manager, Anna Rambeau, whom herself found the CDs through cdbaby. Blue was interested in working with Reeves and invited him to California to record with him in his studio. Working in Blue's studio, Reeves, Blue and another producer, Curt Schneider, assembled what eventually became the EP Hearts Are Magnets.

Track listing
All songs written by Jason Reeves, except for "Pretty Eyes" which was written by Jason Reeves/Mikal Blue/Curt Schneider.

Personnel
Musicians
 Jason Reeves – vocals, acoustic guitar
 Curt Schneider – bass, vocals
 Mikal Blue – piano, guitar, vocals
 Tim Meyers – piano (1, 7)
 Andrew Williams – guitar (4, 5, 6)
 David Levita – guitar, flute (2, 3)
 Colbie Caillat – background vocals (5)
 Brian MacLeod – drums (2, 3)
 Victor Indrizzo – drums (4, 6)
 Chase Duddy – drums (5)
 David Salinas – drums (1)
 Dave Morada – bass (1)

Production
 Mikal Blue – producer
 Curt Schneider – producer
 Jason Reeves – photography
 Julie Whitten – photography
 Tyler Monks – engineer, photography
 Colbie Caillat – photography

References

2006 EPs
Jason Reeves (songwriter) EPs
Albums produced by Mikal Blue
Frederick William Kaess (December 1, 1910 – March 30, 1979) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan.

Education and career

Kaess was born in Detroit, Michigan on December 1, 1910, the son of Frederick Charles Kaess Jr. and Dorothy Koch Kaess. He received his earliest education in the public schools of Detroit, graduated from Lake Shore High School of suburban St. Clair Shores, Michigan, and received a Bachelor of Laws from Detroit College of Law (now Michigan State University College of Law) in 1932. He was a municipal judge for St. Clair Shores, Michigan from 1932 to 1933. He was an attorney and claims manager for the Michigan Mutual Liability Company from 1933 to 1945. He was a deputy commissioner for the Workmen's Compensation Commission in Lansing, Michigan from 1939 to 1940. He was in private practice in Detroit from 1945 to 1953. He was the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Michigan from 1953 to 1960.

Federal judicial service

On June 10, 1960, Kaess was nominated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan vacated by Judge Arthur F. Lederle. Kaess was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 2, 1960, and received his commission on July 6, 1960. He served as Chief Judge from 1972 to 1975, assuming senior status on December 13, 1975 and serving in that capacity until his death on March 30, 1979.

References

Sources
 

1910 births
1979 deaths
Lawyers from Detroit
Judges of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan
United States district court judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower
20th-century American judges
20th-century American lawyers
Detroit College of Law alumni
United States Attorneys for the Eastern District of Michigan
María-Victoria Baldovinos-Cibeira (born 8 February 1953) is a Spanish former professional tennis player.

Baldovinos, a native of Barcelona, was ranked as high as number two in Spain. She reached the round of 16 at the 1974 French Open and appeared in a total of 16 ties for the Spain Federation Cup team.

See also
List of Spain Fed Cup team representatives

References

External links

 
 
 

1953 births
Living people
Spanish female tennis players
Tennis players from Barcelona
Sportswomen from Catalonia
Launching Place was a railway station on the Warburton line in Melbourne, Australia. Serving the local village of Launching Place, the station operated until the line closed in 1965.  All that remains of this station are the concrete pillars of the station platform retaining wall.

External links
Launching Place station shortly after closing, 24 November 1964.
Walker diesel rail car at Launching Place station, 1964.

Disused railway stations in Melbourne
Railway stations in Australia opened in 1901
Railway stations closed in 1965
José Javier Eguiguren Ríofrío (3 December 1816 – 1884) was acting President of Ecuador from 6 October 1875 to 9 December 1875.

He was Minister of Finance from 1870 to 1871 and from 1874 to 1875.

References

External links
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

1816 births
1884 deaths
Presidents of Ecuador
Ecuadorian Ministers of Finance
This is a list of shopping malls in Ukraine listed by size.

List

References

Links 
  The most visited shopping malls in Ukraine forbes.net.ua, November 6, 2012
  Newbuilding in Ukraine vn.com.ua, December 24, 2021

Ukraine
Shopping malls
Graffiti Blues is an album by American trumpeter Blue Mitchell recorded in 1973 and released on the Mainstream label.

Reception
The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 3 stars stating "Although not up to the same level as Blue Mitchell's earlier Blue Note dates, this accessible set does a good job of balancing worthwhile solos with catchy rhythms and has dated surprisingly well".

Track listing
 "Graffiti Blues" (Blue Mitchell) - 7:16 
 "Yeah Ya Right" (Herman Riley) - 5:29 
 "Express" (Blue Mitchell) - 5:06 
 "Asso-Kam" (Joe Sample) - 7:24 
 "Dorado" (Joe Sample) - 8:59
 "Alone Again (Naturally)" (Gilbert O'Sullivan) - 3:24 Bonus track on CD reissue 
 "Where It's At" (David Matthews) - 3:31 Bonus track on CD reissue  
 "Funky Walk" (David Matthews) - 4:33 Bonus track on CD reissue  
 "Blue Funk" (David Matthews) - 4:38 Bonus track on CD reissue  
Recorded at the Record Plant in Los Angeles, California on March 1, 1973.

Personnel
Blue Mitchell - trumpet
Don Bailey - harmonica
Herman Riley - flute, tenor saxophone
Freddy Robinson - guitar
Joe Sample - piano, electric piano 
Walter Bishop, Jr. - piano
Darrell Clayborn - electric bass
Raymond Pounds - drums

References

Mainstream Records albums
Blue Mitchell albums
1973 albums
Albums produced by Bob Shad