Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Kalamos (; ) is a Greek mythological figure. He is son of Maiandros, the god of the Maeander river.

Mythology
A story in Nonnus's Dionysiaca tells about the love of two youths, Kalamos and Karpos. Karpos drowned in the Meander river while the two were competing in a swimming contest.  In his grief, Kalamos allowed himself to drown also. He was then transformed into a water reed, whose rustling in the wind was interpreted as a sigh of lamentation.

Walt Whitman's "Calamus" poems in Leaves of Grass may have been inspired by this story.

Etymology of the word Kalamos
Similar words can be found in Sanskrit (कलम kalama, meaning "reed" and "pen" as well as a type of rice), Hebrew (kulmus, meaning quill) and Latin (calamus) as well as the ancient Greek Κάλαμος (Kalamos). The Arabic word قلم qalam (meaning "pen" or "reed pen") is likely to have been borrowed from one of these languages in antiquity. The Swahili word kalamu ("pen") comes from the Arabic qalam.

The Greeks also used the term for various wind instruments, especially but not necessarily reed instruments, including the aulos, or the plural kalamoi for the syrinx.

From the Latin calamus come a number of modern English words:

 calamus (aka Sweet Flag), a wetland reed
 calamari, meaning "squid", via the Latin calamarium, "ink horn" or "pen case", as reeds were then used as writing implements
 calumet, a French, colonial-era word often used for a Native American ceremonial pipe
 shawm, a medieval oboe-like instrument (whose sound is produced by a vibrating reed mouthpiece)
 chalumeau register, the lower notes of a clarinet's range (another reed instrument)

See also
 Qalam, Arabic pen

References 

 Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca translated by William Henry Denham Rouse (1863-1950), from the Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1940.  Online version at the Topos Text Project.
 Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca. 3 Vols. W.H.D. Rouse. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1940-1942. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.

Children of Potamoi
LGBT themes in Greek mythology
Fictional LGBT characters in literature
Metamorphoses into plants in Greek mythology
Casten Åke Loritz Almqvist, (born 17 March 1962 in Stockholm), was the Swedish CEO for TV4 Media 2011-2022. December 2019-2022 he was also part of Telia Company's group executive management team leading the business area TV/Media.

During the fall of 2021, Casten Almqvist was appointed chairman of the board at Bonnier Books that owns Bonnierförlagen in Sweden, WSOY in Finland, Bonnier Media Deutschland as well as BookBeat, among other. Bonnier Books is operating in seven countries and have a revenue of around 7 billion SEK.

In 2008 he became CEO of Dagens Industri and Bonnier Business Press. In 2011 he was appointed CEO of TV4 and in 2013 head of the business area Bonnier Broadcasting, extending the scope to also include C More and Finish MTV Media. He was appointed "Digital Change Leader of the Year" in 2016 due to his work with accelerating the digital transformation at TV4 and Bonnier Broadcasting. TV4 was the most profitable commercial broadcaster in Europe in 2019 and 2020.

He has also been the CEO of McCann-Erickson and the CEO of channels TV3, TV6 ad ZTV at MTG.

He graduated from Journalisthögskolan in Stockholm in 1986. Casten Almqvist has worked as a journalist and television producer for Strix Television and SVT.

References 

Living people
1962 births
21st-century Swedish journalists
Journalists from Stockholm
Swedish television executives
The Novo River is a river of Mato Grosso do Sul state in southwestern Brazil. It is a tributary of the Coxim River.

See also
List of rivers of Mato Grosso do Sul

References
Brazilian Ministry of Transport
 Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993.

Rivers of Mato Grosso do Sul
Heliopsis filifolia is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It has been found only in the state of Coahuila in northern Mexico.

References

External links
 Photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden, collected in Coahuila in 1889, isotype of Heliopsis filifolia

filifolia
Flora of Coahuila
Plants described in 1890
A folk hero or national hero is a type of hero – real, fictional or mythological – with their name, personality and deeds embedded in the popular consciousness of a people, mentioned frequently in folk songs, folk tales and other folklore; and with modern trope status in literature, art and films.

Overview 
Although some folk heroes are historical public figures, many are not. The lives of folk heroes are generally fictional, their characteristics and deeds often exaggerated to mythic proportions.

The folk hero often begins life as a normal person, but is transformed into someone extraordinary by significant life events, often in response to social injustice, and sometimes in response to natural disasters.

One major category of folk hero is the defender of the common people against the oppression or corruption of the established power structure.  Members of this category of folk hero often, but not necessarily, live outside the law in some way.

See also

 List of folk heroes
 Culture hero

References

Bibliography
 Seal, Graham. Encyclopedia of Folk Heroes. ABC-CLIO, 2001.

Folklore characters
Heroes
Mythological archetypes
The Ailerons were an English indie rock band featuring Charity Hair, Daniel Beattie, Dave Rowntree, Grog Prebble and Mike Smith. 

In 2006, they were brought into public view due to their song, "Dig a Hole" being featured as iTunes' free single of the week. The song was from the band's only EP, Left Right. Charity Hair has also worked with Shelly Poole on some songs.

Discography

EPs

Left Right (16 October 2006) 
Track listing:
 "Dig a Hole" – 2:39
 "Bonafone" – 3:59
 "Waking Fever" – 5:04
 "Roll Over" – 2:45

References

External links 

English art rock groups
Musical groups established in 2006
English indie rock groups
Musical groups from London
Laporta or LaPorta or La Porta is a place name or surname, and may refer to:

La Porta, French commune on the island of Corsica
Alphonse F. La Porta (born 1939), former US Ambassador to Mongolia
Elizza La Porta (1902-1997), Romanian born film actress
Francesco Laporta (born 1990), Italian professional golfer
Frans Laporta (1907–2002), Belgian architect
Horace François Bastien Sébastiani de La Porta (1771-1851), French general and politician
Isidro de Laporta (1750-1808), Spanish composer and guitarist
Joe LaPorta (born 1980), American engineer
Joan Laporta (born 1962), Spanish politician and current president of FC Barcelona
John LaPorta (1920-2004), American jazz clarinettist
Matt LaPorta (born 1985), American former baseball player
Norberto La Porta (1938-2007), Argentine politician
Phil LaPorta (born 1952), former American footballer
Sam LaPorta (born 2001), American football player
Tina La Porta, American digital artist

See also
Laporte (disambiguation)

Italian toponymic surnames
The joint hypothesis problem is the problem that testing for market efficiency is difficult, or even impossible.  Any attempts to test for market (in)efficiency must involve asset pricing models so that there are expected returns to compare to real returns.  It is not possible to measure 'abnormal' returns without expected returns predicted by pricing models.  Therefore, anomalous market returns may reflect market inefficiency, an inaccurate asset pricing model or both. 

This problem is discussed in Fama's (1970) influential review of the theory and evidence on efficient markets, and was often used to argue against interpreting early stock market anomalies as mispricing.

Other arguments used by efficient market advocates include the Roll critique, which points at that testing a specific asset pricing model, the Capital asset pricing model, is impossible.  Roll's critique centers on the fact that the market portfolio includes all human wealth, and is not observable.  Refinements of the Capital asset pricing model imply that the information set of observers is important, and since this information set is not observable, one cannot test the Capital asset pricing model even if the market portfolio is observed.

References

Hypotheses
Efficient-market hypothesis

Further reading

 Cochrane, John H. (2005). "Asset Pricing," Chapter 7: "Implications of existence and equivalence theorems," pages 121-129
 Fame, Eugene F. (2013). "Two Pillars of Asset Pricing," Nobel Prize Lecture.
 Ball, Ray (1978). "Anomalies in relationships between securities' yields and yield-surrogates,"
Košarkaški klub Radnik (, ), currently known as Radnik Elvaco MetPro due to sponsorship reasons, is a men's professional basketball club based in Bijeljina, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. They are currently competing in the First League of R Srpska.

History
The club is formed on 20 May 1961 as OKK Bijeljina and renamed as KK Radnik later.

Sponsorship naming
The club has had several denominations through the years due to its sponsorship:
 Radnik BNB (2014–2019)
 Radnik Elvaco MetPro (2019–present)

Players

Head coaches 

  Ružda Trhulj (1962–N/A)
  Zoran Andrić (2006–2007)
  Igor Mihajlović (2008–2011)
  Predrag Jaćimović (2011–2013)
  Bogdan Stanojević (2013–2014)
  Igor Mihajlović (2014–2015)
  Branislav Vićentić (2015–2018)
  Vladimir Radovanović (2018–present)

Trophies and awards
First League of Republika Srpska (2nd-tier)
Winners  (4): 2003–04, 2011–12, 2014–15, 2016–17

Notable former players
 Nihad Izić
 Slobodan Popović
 Dragiša Šarić

References

External links
 
  at eurobasket.com

Radnik
Radnik
Radnik
Radnik
Radnik
Sport in Republika Srpska
Narges Rashidi () is an American-German actress of Iranian descent. She was born in Iran where her father was an army colonel. In 1987 she settled with her family in Turkey. A year later the family moved to Germany, where she grew up and studied acting. She has lived primarily in Los Angeles since 2005.

Rashidi has appeared in many independent films and television productions,starting with the experimental film Venussian Tabutasco by Daryush Shokof in 2004 and primarily in Germany. She received widespread acclaim for her starring role in the 2016 film Under the Shadow by Babak Anvari, which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival. Variety cited her as "a favorite breakthrough performance" at Sundance. The magazine hailed her "intense yet fine-grained work... as a fiercely intelligent, progressive-minded Iranian woman infuriated by the direction of her country since the Islamic Revolution," noting "Rashidi plays her character like a musical instrument going slowly out of tune; it’s a performance rich in both motherly love and scream-queen abandon."

Filmography

Film

Television

Awards
 Best Breakthrough Actress award, A2Z, New York Independent International Film & Video Festival, 2007.

References

External links
 
 https://fr-fr.facebook.com/nargesrashidiofficial/
 http://www.interviewmagazine.com/film/narges-rashidi#_

21st-century German actresses
Iranian diaspora film people
People from Khorramabad
Iranian emigrants to Germany
German expatriates in the United States
Living people
1980 births
Iranian emigrants to the United States
In theoretical physics, the Mandelstam variables are numerical quantities that encode the energy, momentum, and angles of particles in a scattering process in a Lorentz-invariant fashion. They are used for scattering processes of two particles to two particles. The Mandelstam variables were first introduced by physicist Stanley Mandelstam in 1958.

If the Minkowski metric is chosen to be , the Mandelstam variables  are then defined by

,
where p1 and p2 are the four-momenta of the incoming particles and p3 and p4 are the four-momenta of the outgoing particles.

 is also known as the square of the center-of-mass energy (invariant mass) and  as the square of the four-momentum transfer.

Feynman diagrams
The letters s,t,u are also used in the terms s-channel (timelike channel), t-channel, and u-channel (both spacelike channels). These channels represent different Feynman diagrams or different possible scattering events where the interaction involves the exchange of an intermediate particle whose squared four-momentum equals s,t,u, respectively.

{|cellpadding="10"
|
|
|
|-
|align="center"|s-channel
|align="center"|t-channel
|align="center"|u-channel
|}
For example, the s-channel corresponds to the particles 1,2 joining into an intermediate particle that eventually splits into 3,4:  The t-channel represents the process in which the particle 1 emits the intermediate particle and becomes the final particle 3, while the particle 2 absorbs the intermediate particle and becomes 4. The u-channel is the t-channel with the role of the particles 3,4 interchanged.

When evaluating a Feynman amplitude one often finds scalar products of the external four momenta. One can use the Mandelstam variables to simplify these:

  

Where  is the mass of the particle with corresponding momentum .

Sum
Note that

where mi is the mass of particle i.

To prove this, we need to use two facts:
The square of a particle's four momentum is the square of its mass,

And conservation of four-momentum,

So, to begin,

Then adding the three while inserting squared masses leads to,

Then note that the last four terms add up to zero using conservation of four-momentum,

So finally,
.

Relativistic limit
In the relativistic limit, the momentum (speed) is large, so using the relativistic energy-momentum equation, the energy becomes essentially the momentum norm (e.g.  becomes  ).  The rest mass can also be neglected.

So for example,

because  and .

Thus,
{|
|align="right"|
|align="right"|
|align="right"|
|-
|align="right"|
|
|
|-
|align="right"|
|
|
|}

See also
Feynman diagrams
Bhabha scattering
Møller scattering
Compton scattering

References

Kinematics (particle physics)
Scattering
Quantum field theory
Mulhussey () is a townland and village in County Meath, Ireland. It has a school, a castle with accompanying cemetery, a nearby church (or the 'Little Chapel', as it is commonly known) at the edge of the Kilcloon parish in Kilcock, and a religious antiquity, St Bridgid's Well, located in Calgath near Mulhussey.

History 
Mulhussey's first inhabitants were the Husseys, a noble Norman family in the 13th century AD.
The Lord of Trim at the time sent the Husseys to an area outside Maynooth, which at the time was very important, because of the large Norman castle, owned by the Fitzgeralds of County Kildare.

A tower house and manor was to be built and lived in by the Husseys to look after the land and protect it for the DeLacy family of Trim.
Legend has it that toward the end of the 16th century AD, the last inhabitant of the tower house and manor or Mulhussey Castle as it is known today, was a bald lady. The literal translation for Maol Hosae is 'Hussey's Summit', but folklore provides a second translation. Combining the Irish word for bald, and the Irish name for Hussey (Maol and Hosae) the land protected by the Hussey family was named Maol Hosae, which was anglicised to Mulhussey.

Geography 
Mulhussey is located at the very south of County Meath in the parish of Kilcloon, along with neighbouring townlands Jenkinstown, Longtown, Kimmins Mill, Pagestown, Kilclone, Collistown and Rodanstown. An Post deliver mail to people in Mulhussey from Kilcock post office in Kildare, which leads some people to believe Mulhussey is in Kildare county, but this is for postage convenience only. Mulhussey's closest towns and villages are Kilcock and Maynooth, 6 and 8 kilometres to the south respectively, Dunboyne 16 kilometres to the east, Sumerhill 8 kilometres to the north along with Dunshaughlin 18 kilometres to the north. A tributary of the River Tolka flows through Muhussey and Kilclone townlands.

Sport
Mulhussey's inhabitants are eligible to join the local Gaelic Athletic Association club, Blackhall Gaels GAA. Training grounds are located in Pagestown and Batterstown - both with modern club houses and gym facilities. The club has men's Gaelic football and ladies Gaelic football teams, with smaller teams for hurling and camogie also.

Developments 
The area around Mulhussey has experienced a decline in population since 1991. The Central Statistics Office census records indicate that, in 1991, Kilcloon census town had a population of 351, which by 2002 had fallen to 309, and by the time of the 2016 census, the population stood at 280 inhabitants.

St Joseph's National School in Mulhussey, (located on the Summerhill road) which was established in 1964, had an enrollment of 74 pupils as of 2013, increasing to 81 as of early 2020.

Mulhussey Castle, or tower house, still stands today on the road from Kilcock. The Mulhussey Graveyard Restoration Society have undertaken restoration work on the Mulhussey cemetery beside the castle.

See also
 List of towns and villages in Ireland

References

External links
 Website of Blackhall Gaels GAA club

Towns and villages in County Meath
Aleksandr Dmitriyevich Garnovskii (; 30 August 1932 in Rostov-on-Don – 9 December 2010 in Rostov-on-Don) was a Russian chemist. Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor.

Biography 
Aleksandr Dmitriyevich Garnovskii graduated from the Chemical Faculty of Rostov State University in 1956. In 1961—1979 he also worked there; since 1974 he was a Professor of the Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry of the RSU. In 1979—1983 he was the head of the Department of Chemistry of Rostov Institute of Agricultural Engineering (now Don State Technical University). Since 1983 he was the head of the Department of Chemistry of Coordination Compounds of the Research Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry of the RSU.

Garnovskii was a specialist in the field of chemistry of heterocyclic and coordination compounds. He developed original techniques for the production of a number of azomethine and azole compounds, stereo- and regioselective synthesis of their complexes with various metals. He formulated the rules of nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution in a series of imidazole derivatives; he also formulated and substantiated the laws of competitive coordination of ambiguous chelating ligands. He carried out a series of studies on tribochemical synthesis of coordination compounds.

Garnovskii was a member of the editorial board of the Journal of Coordination Chemistry. He was the author of more than 800 scientific works, 11 monographs. He had 30 copyright certificates of the USSR and 3 patents of the Russian Federation. Today he is one of the most cited chemists in Russia.

He was a laureate of the State Prize of the USSR (1989) and Lev Chugaev Prize (Russian Academy of Sciences, 2003), and Honoured Scientist of the Russian Federation (1997), an Honorary Worker of Higher Professional Education of the Russian Federation (2002) and a Member of Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (1992).

Selected works 
 Мискиджьян С. П., Гарновский А. Д. Введение в современную теорию кислот и оснований. — Киев: Вища школа, 1979. 152 с.
 Гарновский А. Д.. Садименко А. П., Осипов О. А., Цинцадзе Г. В. Жестко-мягкие взаимодействия в координационной химии. Ростов н/Д: Ростов: РГУ, 1986. 272 с.
 A.D.Garnovskii, B.I.Kharisov, V.V.Skopenko, L.M.Blanco, N.N.Kokozay, A.S.Kuzharov, D.A.Garnovskii, O.Yu.Vassilyeva, A.S.Burlov, V.A.Pavlenko. Direct Synthesis of Coordination and Organometallic Compounds (A.D.Garnovskii and B.I.Kharisov, Eds.). — Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1999.
 L.M.Blanco, A.D.Garnovskii, D.A.Garnovskii, B.I.Kharisov, M.A.Mendez-Rojas, I.S.Vasilchenko. Synthetic Coordination and Organometallic Chemistry. (A.D.Garnovskii and B.I.Kharisov, Eds.). — Marcel Dekker, New York — Basel, 2003.
 Скопенко В. В. Цивадзе А. Ю. Савранский Л. И. Гарновский А. Д. Координационная химия. Учебное пособие для вузов. — М.: Академкнига, 2007. 487 с.

References 

1932 births
2010 deaths
Academic staff of Southern Federal University
Southern Federal University alumni
Recipients of the USSR State Prize
Russian chemists
Leipaklei () is a 2012 Indian Meitei language film directed and produced by Aribam Syam Sharma. It stars Leishangthem Tonthoi in the titular role. The story of the film was written by Arambam Samarendra and screenplay by Arambam Ongbi Memchoubi. Leipaklei was screened on the inaugural day of 5th Guwahati Film Festival 2012. It was also screened at the 18th Kolkata International Film Festival and Jeonju International Film Festival (JIFF) held at Jeonju, South Korea. The film won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Manipuri at the 60th National Film Awards.

Synopsis
The film Leipaklei tells the story of Leipaklei, a woman named after a Manipuri flower. Like the flower whose habitat is the hard ground, she is surrounded by hard trials and ironies of fate: separation from the one who loved and is still loved by her, abandonment by her husband, the trials of being a single parent, the violence of the gaze of men who sees her as fair game.
Not unlike the flower Leipaklei, which hibernates beneath parched grounds – dreaming for a spring past, the protagonist dreams of the return of her beloved. He returns.

Cast
 Leishangthem Tonthoi as Leipaklei
 Lairenjam Olen as Ibotomba
 Gurumayum Kalpana as Tamurei
 Thingom Pritam as Thoiba
 Gurumayum Priyogopal as Khura
 Sundari as Mandon
 Baby Rainy as Meme

Accolades 
Leipaklei won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Manipuri at the 60th National Film Awards. The citation for the National Award reads, "A simple story told in a straight-forward simple narrative highlighting social reality".

See also 

 List of Meitei-language films

References

2010s Meitei-language films
2012 films
Films directed by Aribam Syam Sharma