Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Kiltimagh railway station is a disused railway station close to the town of Kiltimagh in County Mayo. Originally the station was opened in 1895 as part of the route between Claremorris and Sligo. It was closed to passenger traffic in 1963, with goods traffic ending in 1975. Following its closure, the station and surrounding area was converted in the 1980s into the Kiltimagh Museum, with displays and artefacts of local history and culture.

The Western Railway Corridor was to be rebuilt as part of the government's Transport 21 plan, however only the section from Limerick to Athenry was completed. The future stages, currently unfunded, would see the line restored between Tuam and Claremorris; and then Claremorris and Sligo, with Kiltimagh as the first stop.

As of 2013, a Velo-rail (railbike) scheme was being proposed for Kiltimagh.

1916 train crash
On 19 December 1916, in foggy conditions, the driver of a ballast train failed to see a red signal at the station. The train, carrying many track workers, crashed into an empty cattle train, killing six people.

References

External links
 Kiltimagh Museum

Disused railway stations in County Mayo
Proposed railway stations in the Republic of Ireland
Museums in County Mayo
Local museums in the Republic of Ireland
Railway stations in the Republic of Ireland opened in the 1890s
is the tenth single of the Japanese boy band Arashi. The single was released in 2003 in two editions: a regular edition and a limited edition with a deluxe cover art. Both editions contain the same tracks. The limited edition includes a hidden track, the continuation of the group's Secret Talk from "Pikanchi".

Single information
"Tomadoi Nagara" was used as the theme song for the drama  starring Arashi member Sho Sakurai in his first lead role.

Track listing

 Notes
 The limited edition version of "Fuyu no Nioi (instrumental)" includes a hidden talk track.

Charts and certifications

Charts

Certifications

References

External links
Tomadoi Nagara product information 
Tomadoi Nagara Oricon profile 

Arashi songs
2003 singles
Japanese television drama theme songs
2003 songs
J Storm singles
Andrew "The Barron" Von Etter (1940–1967) was a Boston mobster and an associate of loanshark Edward "Wimpy" Bennett and brothers James "Jimmy the Bear" Flemmi and Stephen "The Rifleman" Flemmi.

Born in Palanga, Lithuania, Andrew's immigrated with his parents to the United States in 1947. He soon became involved in criminal activity and, in 1962, was eventually arrested for safecracking while working as a part-time security guard. He would also be arrested in Dearborn Square, Roxbury that same year, an area controlled by Edward "Wimpy" Bennett, Stephen Flemmi and Vincent Flemmi. During his trial he claimed his great-grandfather General Sebastian von Etter a distinguished fighter in 1871 after the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), and his father was of German nobility back in his homeland.

In February 1967, shortly after the disappearance of Edward Bennett, Von Etter also disappeared. Police eventually found his body stuffed in the trunk of his 1965 Mustang after receiving an anonymous tip of an abandoned vehicle on the Medford-Somerville line. Although he had a rope around his neck, his death was thought to have been attributed to either two gunshot wounds or blunt trauma to the head (possibly by a tire iron).

Indicted on bank fraud charges with William Waugh and Earl Smith, who had earlier been involved in a failed attempt on the life of mobster Edward "Punchy" McLaughlin, authorities believed his death may have been in connection to the ongoing gang war with the McLaughlin Brothers and the Winter Hill Gang.

External links
WhiteyWorld.com - Andrew Von Etter

1940 births
1967 deaths
People murdered in Massachusetts
Murdered American gangsters
American people of German descent
Soviet emigrants to the United States
People from Palanga
Butterfield Green is a hamlet in the north of Luton, Bedfordshire, England. It is the location for the new  Butterfield Business and Technology Park.
When completed, the low density development will offer up to one million square feet of office space in a parkland setting.

One of the first buildings on the site is the Basepoint Business and Innovation Centre, which is starting to provide premises for many businesses. Butterfield is the location of the University of Bedfordshire's Healthcare Learning Centre. The UK's first Hilton Garden Inn hotel opened at Butterfield in July 2008.

References
Basepoint plc

Hamlets in Bedfordshire
Luton
is a Japanese high school in Matsuyama, Ehime founded in 1878 as Matsuyama Middle School.

History
The high school was founded as Matsuyama Middle School in 1878. Although the school was founded during the Meiji period, it has earlier roots in the Iyo-Matsuyama Domain's Han school, Kōtokukan, Shūraikan and Meikyōkan.

Among the first students at the new school was Masaoka Tsunenori, later known as Masaoka Shiki. As Seishi Shinoda and Sanford Goldstein explain, 
In the 1870s and 1880s, the democratic movement was at its height, and one of its chief leaders was Taisuke Itagaki (1837-1919) from Kochi Prefecture... The prefectural governor of Ehime and the principal of Shiki's school. Though the principal had to resign in the summer of 1879 because of his radical views, his influence remained strong at Matsuyama Middle School. For some years after his departure, democratic thought reigned at the school; yet after the principal's departure many students left, and their numbers decreased from 213 in 1879 to 102 in 1881. Among those strongly influenced by the former principal was Shiki. He neglected most of his schoolwork, so caught up was he in the excitement of making political speeches night after night with ten or so of his classmates.

Undoubtedly the most famous teacher at Matsuyama Middle School was Natsume Kinnosuke, better known as Natsume Sōseki, who arrived in 1895 and taught for only a year, but later memorialized the experience in one of Japan's most popular novels, Botchan (1906). Botchan describes the comically unfortunate experiences of a young teacher fresh from Tokyo (called, euphemistically, "Botchan" or "little master") as he attempts, with little enthusiasm or success, to adapt to the academic regime and the local culture.  In the novel, Botchan's colleagues are given comical names such as Tanuki (Japanese raccoon dog), Akashatsu (Red-shirt), etc., prompting continued speculation as to which of Sōseki's fellow teachers might have been their real-life models.

The school name was changed to the present one in 1949.

Notable students and teachers

Akiyama Saneyuki
Akiyama Yoshifuru
Juzo Itami
Mansaku Itami
Masanobu Fukuoka
Noburu Katagami
Yoshiyuki Kawashima
Masaoka Shiki
Natsume Sōseki
Hisui Sugiura
Kyoshi Takahama
Moritake Tanabe
Kenzaburō Ōe
Masataka Ogawa
Ryūtarō Ōtomo
Satsuo Yamamoto

References

External links

  

Ehime Prefecture
Education in Ehime Prefecture
High schools in Ehime Prefecture
Educational institutions established in 1878
Schools in Ehime Prefecture
1878 establishments in Japan
"Breakup 2 Makeup (Remix)" is a song by American singer Ashanti, released as the first single from her first remix album Collectables by Ashanti. It features her labelmate Black Child. It reached number 76 on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart, becoming Ashanti's first single to not reach the US Billboard Hot 100. The song was originally recorded as a solo version on Ashanti's second album Chapter II but was later remixed for the single release while Ashanti was working on her next album.

The video was produced by Irv Gotti and begins in black and white before progressing to color. It shows Ashanti and Black Child singing to each other and includes a dance off towards the beginning of the video, as well as Ashanti and her female backup dancers performing a choreographed dance-break near the end. It was released in early 2004 to BET's 106 & Park.

Track listing
"Breakup 2 Makeup (Remix)" (radio edit)   
"Breakup 2 Makeup (Remix)" (instrumental version)   
"Breakup 2 Makeup (Remix)" (call out research hook)

Charts

References

2004 singles
Songs written by Ashanti (singer)
Songs written by Irv Gotti
Ashanti (singer) songs
2003 songs
Songs written by Chink Santana
Bedford High School is a public school in Bedford, Ohio, southeast of Cleveland.

Background
Bedford High School was built in 1957, with additions in 1971, and 1994.  Bedford High School is accredited by the Ohio Department of Education.

Bedford High School was neighbors with St. Peter Chanel High School until Chanel High School was demolished in July 2020. With both schools winning championships in sports, The city of Bedford renamed a portion of Northfield Road the "Avenue of Champions". Both schools were under construction at the same time in the 1950s.

Bedford High School was erected in 1955-57, it is built in Norman Brick-style architecture with limestone and cost $2.1 million. The Bedford Board of Education Building at 475 Northfield Road was built on the campus in 1961 and two wings were added to the high school in 1971. They are connected to the rest of the building by two glass-enclosed walkways. The school's current football facility, Bearcat Stadium, opened in 1994.

The school once served as a potential nuclear fallout shelter. A fallout shelter sign is still visible at the front of the school building. Several underground passages exist at the school that would have served to shield the public in the event of nuclear attack.

Notable alumni
Halle Berry, actress (class of 1984)
Eric Beverly, professional football player in the National Football League (NFL) (class of 1992)
Chris Chambers, NFL player (class of 1997)
George Alec Effinger, a science fiction writer (class of 1965)
Lee Evans, professional football player in the NFL (class of 1999)
Elmer Flick, Major League Baseball player and 1963 inductee into the National Baseball Hall of Fame
Tyvis Powell, professional football player in the NFL 
Toby Radloff, a minor celebrity owing to his appearances in Cleveland writer Harvey Pekar’s autobiographical comic book American Splendor
Jim Rittwage, professional baseball player in MLB
Rodger Saffold, professional football player in the NFL, and CEO of Esports organization Rise Nation  (c/o 2006)
Mary Ellen Weber, NASA astronaut (class of 1980)

State championships

 Track and Field - 1993 
 Wrestling – 1955

Notes and references

External links
 

High schools in Cuyahoga County, Ohio
Educational institutions established in 1954
Public high schools in Ohio
1954 establishments in Ohio
Bedford, Ohio
In mathematics, the Malgrange preparation theorem is an analogue of the Weierstrass preparation theorem for smooth functions. It was conjectured by René Thom and proved by .

Statement of Malgrange preparation theorem
Suppose that f(t,x) is a smooth  complex function of t∈R and x∈Rn  near the origin, and let k be the smallest integer such that

Then one form of the preparation theorem states that near the origin f can be written as the product of a smooth function c that is nonzero at the origin and a smooth function that as a function of t is a polynomial of degree k. In other words,

where the functions c and a are smooth and c is nonzero at the origin.

A second form of the theorem, occasionally called the Mather division theorem, is a sort of "division with remainder" theorem: it says that if f and k  satisfy the conditions above and g is a smooth function near the origin, then we can write

where q and r are smooth, and as a function of t, r is a polynomial of degree less than k. This means that

for some smooth functions rj(x).

The two forms of the theorem easily imply each other: the first form is the special case of the "division with remainder"  form where g is tk, and the division with remainder form follows from the first form of the theorem as we may assume that f as a function of t is a polynomial of degree k.

If the functions f and g are real, then the functions c, a, q, and r can also be taken to be real. In the case of the Weierstrass preparation theorem these functions are uniquely determined by f and g, but uniqueness no longer holds for the Malgrange preparation theorem.

Proof of Malgrange preparation theorem
The Malgrange preparation theorem can be deduced from the Weierstrass preparation theorem. The obvious way of doing this does not work: although smooth functions have a formal power series expansion at the origin, and the Weierstrass preparation theorem applies to formal power series, the formal power series will not usually converge to smooth functions near the origin. Instead one can use the idea of decomposing a smooth function as a sum of analytic functions by applying a partition of unity to its Fourier transform.
For a proof along these lines see  or

Algebraic version of the Malgrange preparation theorem
The Malgrange preparation theorem can be restated as a theorem about modules over rings of smooth, real-valued germs.  If X is a manifold, with p∈X, let C∞p(X) denote the ring of real-valued germs of smooth functions at p on X.  Let Mp(X) denote the unique maximal ideal of C∞p(X), consisting of germs which vanish at p. Let A be a C∞p(X)-module, and let f:X → Y be a smooth function between manifolds.  Let q = f(p).  f induces a ring homomorphism f*:C∞q(Y) → C∞p(X) by composition on the right with f.  Thus we can view A as a C∞q(Y)-module.  Then the Malgrange preparation theorem says that if A is a finitely-generated C∞p(X)-module, then A is a finitely-generated C∞q(Y)-module if and only if A/Mq(Y)A is a finite-dimensional real vector space.

References

Singularity theory
Theorems in analysis
Brandon Zerk-Thatcher (born 25 August 1998) is an Australian rules footballer who plays for the Essendon Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He was selected with pick 66 in the 2018 national draft. He made his senior debut against Fremantle in round 22 of the 2019 season.

Early life
Zerk-Thatcher was educated at Murray Bridge High School. At the age of 18 he started playing for Sturt Football Club and competed in the NAB AFL Under 18 Championships for South Australia.

References

External links

Brandon Zerk-Thatcher from AFL Tables

Essendon Football Club players
Sturt Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from South Australia
1998 births
Living people
Gerrit Pretorius (born 1955 or 1956) is a South African politician and former diplomat who has been a Democratic Alliance Member of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament since December 2022. He was a municipal councillor of the George Local Municipality from 2016 to 2021, serving as the deputy mayor of the municipality from 2016 until 2018 and as council speaker from 2018 until he left council.

Background
Pretorius attended Hoërskool Outeniqua (English: Outeniqua High School) before going on to study at the University of Port Elizabeth where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) in Sociology and Administration. After university, Pretorius worked as a diplomat for the then white minority government of South Africa. He worked at the Department of Foreign Affairs in Pretoria before he was deployed to the South African embassies in London and Ottawa. In early-1987, Pretorius was notified that he would become the private secretary to Foreign Affairs Minister Pik Botha. His appointment become official on 1 May 1987 and he served in the position until 1989. He then worked in the private sector in Johannesburg for four years. Since 2000, Pretorius and his younger brother have operated a business in George.

Local politics
Pretorius was elected as a Democratic Alliance municipal councillor of the George Local Municipality in the local government elections of 3 August 2016, after which he was elected deputy mayor to mayor Melvin Naik. 

On 12 February 2018, Pretorius was elected council speaker following the resignation of Iona Kritzinger. Charlotte Clarke succeeded him as deputy mayor.

Pretorius was ranked low on the DA's proportional representation list for the local government elections of 1 November 2021 and left council as a result.

Provincial politics
On 15 December 2022, Pretorius was sworn in as a DA Member of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament by speaker Daylin Mitchell. He filled the vacancy created by the termination of the former speaker of the provincial parliament Masizole Mnqasela's DA membership.

Personal life
Pretorius is married to Lomine. They have three children together, two daughters and one son. Pretorius enjoys gardening.

References

External links

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Afrikaner people
People from George, South Africa
South African diplomats
Democratic Alliance (South Africa) politicians
Members of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament
Decibel relative to Z, or dBZ, is a logarithmic dimensionless technical unit used in radar, mostly in weather radar, to compare the equivalent reflectivity factor (Z) of a remote object (in mm6 per m3) to the return of a droplet of rain with a diameter of 1 mm (1 mm6 per m3). It is proportional to the number of drops per unit volume and the sixth power of drops' diameter and is thus used to estimate the rain or snow intensity. With other variables analyzed from the radar returns it helps to determine the type of precipitation. Both the radar reflectivity factor and its logarithmic version are commonly referred to as reflectivity when the context is clear. In short, the higher the dBZ value, the more likely it is for severe weather to occur in the form of precipitation.

Values above 20 dBZ usually indicate falling precipitation.

Principle 
The radar reflectivity factor (Z) of precipitation is dependent on the number (N0) and size (D) of reflectors (hydrometeors), which includes rain, snow, graupel, and hail. Very sensitive radars can also measure the reflectivity of cloud drops and ice. For an exponential distribution of reflectors, Z is expressed by:
 

As rain droplets have a diameter on the order of 1 millimetre, Z is in mm6m−3 (μm3). By dividing Z with the equivalent return of a 1 mm drop in a volume of a meter cube (Z0) and using the logarithm of the result (because the values vary greatly from drizzle to hail), one obtains the logarithmic reflectivity LZ, in dBZ:
  

dBZ values can be converted to rainfall rates (R) in millimetres per hour using the Marshall-Palmer formula:

Other quantities 
The definition of Z above shows that a large number of small hydrometeors will reflect as one large hydrometeor. The signal returned to the radar will be equivalent in both situations, so a group of small hydrometeors is virtually indistinguishable from one large hydrometeor on the resulting radar image. The reflectivity image is just one type of image produced by a radar. Using it alone, a meteorologist could not tell with certainty the type of precipitation and distinguish any artifacts affecting the radar return.

In combination with other information gathered by the radar during the same scan (dual polarization products and phase shifting due to the Doppler effect), meteorologists can distinguish between hail, rain, snow, biologicals (birds, insects), and other atmospheric phenomena.

References 

Logarithmic scales of measurement
Meteorological quantities
Radar meteorology
Units of meteorology measurement
Appointed
Matsuda Michiyuki 1871-1875
Koteda Yasusada 1875-1884
Kojiro Iwasaki 1890-1891
Orita Hiraochi 1897-1899
Sada Suzuki 1902-1907
Kaiichiro Suematsu 1923-1925
Morio Takahashi 1925-1926
Shinya Kurosaki 1926-1927
Inada Syūichi 1945-1946

Elected
Iwakichi Hattori 1947-1954
Kotaro Mori 1954-1958
Kyujiro Taniguchi 1958-1966
Kinichiro Nozaki 1966-1974
Masayoshi Takemura 1974-1986
Minoru Inaba 1986-1998
Yoshitsugu Kunimatsu 1998-2006
Yukiko Kada 2006-2014
Taizō Mikazuki 2014–present

 
Shiga Prefecture
The Battle of Bazaleti (, bazalet’is brdzola) was fought between the two rival Georgian parties centered respectively on Teimuraz I of Kakheti and his defiant noble Giorgi Saakadze in the fall of 1626.

The battle was a culmination of the power struggle that evolved after the Georgian nobles rallied behind Teimuraz and Saakadze and recovered much of eastern Georgian kingdoms of Kartli and Kakheti from the Iranian occupation. Shah Abbas I of Iran used the rivalry between Teimuraz and Saakadze to divide the Georgians into two opposing parties and to punish Saakadze who had formerly fought under the Iranian ranks.

The battle took place at the Bazaleti Lake in eastern Georgia, some  northwest of Tbilisi. In a pitched battle, Saakadze's backup man, Davit’ Gogrishvili, was killed and his demoralized forces were routed by the royal army. Saakadze fled to the Ottoman Empire where he was assassinated in 1629 after serving a brief but successful military career under Sultan Ibrahim I.

References 

1626 in Europe
Bazaleti
Bazaleti
AutoCAD is a commercial computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting software application by Autodesk. The first release of the software started with version 1.0 in December 1982. The software has been continuously updated since its initial release.

AutoCAD opens documents with DWG compatibility as a "DWG file format version code" where the specific version code can be found by opening the .dwg file in Windows Notepad or any text editor program. The file format version code is dependent on the AutoCAD version.

History
The following table summarizes the version history of the AutoCAD software application.

References 

Software version histories