Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
MacWorks Plus was a complete implementation (port) of the Macintosh Plus 128K ROM on the Apple Lisa and Macintosh XL computer systems, and introduced in August 1988.  It was developed for Sun Remarketing of Cache Valley, Utah, under license from Apple Inc., by a contract developer named Chuck Lukaszewski, who was responsible for versions up through 1.1(h), which supported up to Macintosh System 6.0.3.  Dafax Processing Corp. with the assistance of Query Engineering, Inc. then further developed the environment to MacWorks Plus II, which continued Macintosh system support up to System 6.0.8 with the Basic version, and introduced a Pro version to extend support to the maximum possible for any 68000 processor: System 7.5.5. Prior to MacWorks Plus, the maximum system supported by its predecessor MacWorks XL was System 3.2.

History

The design objective for MacWorks Plus was 100% compatibility with software that ran on the Macintosh Plus, which at the time was Apple's flagship product.  This was a technically challenging goal because other than sharing the same Motorola 68000 processor, the underlying hardware architectures of the two systems were radically different.  In order to understand how MacWorks Plus worked, it is easiest to divide the discussion into three areas:  hardware interface, memory model and bootstrap protocol.  These were the hardware-dependent aspects of the classic Mac OS at the time.  The simplest method of transporting the Mac OS to another machine was to emulate them completely.  Once achieved, the much larger hardware-independent code in the 128K ROM could execute with no modification.  This is what was done with MacWorks Plus.

The goal was made possible by the existence of a hardware abstraction layer in the Macintosh Toolbox in the original Macintosh ROM, and a hardware Memory Management Unit (MMU) in the Lisa. Through a complete package of device drivers that fully implemented the Macintosh Toolbox Application Programming Interface (APIs), MacWorks Plus essentially tricked the 128K ROM code into thinking it was running on an actual Macintosh. It was also necessary to completely simulate the memory address space of a Macintosh Plus, including the behavior of certain illegal addresses that were deliberately exploited by certain applications (primarily games).  Fortunately, while the Macintosh memory manager circuitry was not programmable, the Lisa featured a fully programmable hardware MMU which was a legacy of the minicomputer roots of its designers.  Finally, bootloaders were written for all available floppy disk and hard disk models that were compatible with the Lisa.

MacWorks Plus consisted of some 23,000 lines of source code for the Lisa-dependent hardware interface and bootstrap code, plus an image of the 128K ROM that was licensed from Apple.  It also included a standalone installer and a Control Panel that enabled a user to adjust certain Lisa specific features from inside the Mac OS user interface.

External links
Sigma Systems 7 MacWorks Plus II Developer
MacWorks Plus: Making A Lisa Speak Macintosh – Call-A.P.P.L.E. (callapple.org) 

Macintosh platform
Macintosh platform emulators
Colasposoma auripes is a species of leaf beetles of East Africa and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, described by Martin Jacoby in 1894.

Subspecies
There are two subspecies of C. auripes:

 Colasposoma auripes auripes Jacoby, 1894: nominotypical subspecies
 Colasposoma auripes kafakumbae Burgeon, 1941

References

auripes
Beetles of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Taxa named by Martin Jacoby
Beetles described in 1894
Adamsburg is a borough that is located in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 144 at the time of the 2020 federal census.

History
This Pennsylvania borough was named for John Quincy Adams, sixth President of the United States.

Geography
Adamsburg is located at  (40.310501, -79.654423).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of , all land.

Demographics

At the time of the 2000 census, there were 221 people, eighty-four households, and sixty-three families living in the borough.

The population density was . There were 92 housing units at an average density of .

The racial makeup of the borough was 100.00% White. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.90%.

Of the eighty-four households documented in the borough, 33.3% had children who were under the age of eighteen living with them, 54.8% were married couples living together, 15.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.0% were non-families. 21.4% of households were one-person households and 7.1% were one-person households with residents who were sixty-five years of age or older.

The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.75.

The age distribution was 18.6% of residents who were under the age of eighteen, 11.3% who were aged eighteen to twenty-four, 25.3% who were aged twenty-five to forty-four, 24.0% who were aged forty-five to sixty-four, and 20.8% who were aged sixty-five or older. The median age was forty-two years.

For every one hundred females, there were 90.5 males. For every one hundred females who were aged eighteen or older, there were 81.8 males.

The median household income was $38,750 and the median family income was $45,000. Males had a median income of $29,000 versus $18,958 for females.

The per capita income for the borough was $17,172.

Approximately 9.4% of families and 10.4% of the population were living below the poverty line, including 9.1% of those who were under the age of eighteen; however, none of those who were documented as being sixty-five or older were living in poverty.

Surrounding communities
 Jeannette
 Arona
 Irwin
 Penn

Notable person
Bill Bishop, baseball player

References

External links
 Adamsburg and Community Volunteer Fire Department official website

Boroughs in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
Populated places established in 1841
Pittsburgh metropolitan area
1841 establishments in Pennsylvania
A carotid bruit is a vascular murmur sound (bruit) heard over the carotid artery area on auscultation during systole.

Associated conditions
It may occur as the result of carotid artery stenosis (though some disagree); however, most carotid bruits, particularly those found in younger or asymptomatic patients, are not related to any disease and are termed "innocent carotid bruits".

Many carotid bruits are discovered incidentally in an otherwise asymptomatic patient. The presence of a carotid bruit alone does not necessarily indicate the presence of stenosis, and the physical examination cannot be used to estimate the degree of stenosis, if present; therefore, any bruit must be evaluated by ultrasound or imaging.

Pronunciation and terminology
Bruit is traditionally pronounced broot, rhyming with fruit, although the etymologically accurate pronunciation bru´e or bru-e´ is common in North American medical parlance. In addition, while bruit and murmur are technically synonymous, the term bruit is generally reserved for arterial sounds in North America.

References

External links 

Vascular diseases
Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) can be produced through five main methods; chemical vapor deposition (CVD), high-temperature and high-pressure reactions, gas-solid reaction of amorphous carbon with NH3 at high temperature, solid reaction, and solvothermal synthesis.

Details
N-CNTs can also be prepared by a CVD method of pyrolyzing melamine under Ar at elevated temperatures of 800–980 °C. However synthesis by CVD of melamine results in the formation of bamboo-structured CNTs. XPS spectra of grown N-CNTs reveal nitrogen in five main components, pyridinic nitrogen, pyrrolic nitrogen, quaternary nitrogen, and nitrogen oxides. Furthermore, synthesis temperature affects the type of nitrogen configuration.

Nitrogen doping plays a pivotal role in lithium storage, as it creates defects in the CNT walls allowing for Li ions to diffuse into interwall space. It also increases capacity by providing more favorable bind of N-doped sites. N-CNTs are also much more reactive to metal oxide nanoparticle deposition which can further enhance storage capacity, especially in anode materials for Li-ion batteries. However boron-doped nanotubes have been shown to make batteries with triple capacity.

References 

Carbon nanotubes
The 71st edition of the Omloop Het Nieuwsblad was held on 27 February 2016. It was won by Belgian Greg Van Avermaet in a five-man sprint before Peter Sagan and Tiesj Benoot.

The race started and finished in Ghent, Belgium, covering 200.8 km. The Omloop marked the start of the cobbled classics season in Europe and was rated as a 1.HC event of the 2016 UCI Europe Tour.

Preview

Route
The Omloop Het Nieuwsblad started in Ghent, East Flanders, and addressed the Flemish Ardennes in the south of the province, featuring numerous short climbs, before returning to Ghent. This edition, organizers needed to find an alternative for the traditional start and finish location on Sint-Pietersplein. In 2016 organizers chose , the site adjacent to the Kuipke velodrome, as the start location. The finish was on Emile Claus thoroughfare, close to the starting place.

At 200 kilometres and with a dozen climbs in the hill zone, the course was challenging and arduous. Additionally, there were several flat stretches of cobbles. The race featured one new climb, Boembekeberg, as a replacement for the Molenberg, which was skipped because of road works.

There are thirteen categorized climbs:

Pre-race favourites
Britain's Ian Stannard, the winner of the previous two editions, was not present in this year's event. World champion Peter Sagan was among the key favourites, together with classics specialists Alexander Kristoff, Tom Boonen, Greg Van Avermaet and Philippe Gilbert. Former world time trial champion Tony Martin made a first appearance.

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Teams
25 teams were invited: 12 UCI WorldTeams and 13 continental teams. In total, 199 riders were at the start.

Race report
Twelve riders, among which Alexis Gougeard, were in the early breakaway, as  and  held them within range of the peloton. Greg Van Avermaet, Luke Rowe and Tiesj Benoot broke clear on Taaienberg, immediately being joined by Peter Sagan on the descent. The four riders caught the remaining early escapees and dropped them all on the last cobbled sections, except for Gougeard. Powering on to Ghent, the elite group stayed clear until the finish and the race was decided in a five-man sprint. Van Avermaet led out the slightly uphill sprint from afar and sealed his first win of the season. Sagan was second, Benoot third. Jens Debusschere won the sprint for sixth place, nine seconds behind Van Avermaet.

Results

Notes

References

External links

 

Omloop Het Nieuwsblad
Omloop Het Nieuwsblad – Men's race
Omloop Het Nieuwsblad
Omloop Het Nieuwsblad
Rotem Erlich (רותם ארליך; born April 10, 1969) is an Israeli former basketball player, who played for Israel and in the Israeli Basketball Premier League.  In 1997 he was the Israeli Premier League Assists Leader.

Basketball career
He played the point guard position, and is 1.88 metres tall.

Erlich played in the Israeli Basketball Premier League. In 1997 he was the Israeli Premier League Assists Leader, with 5.2.

He played for Israel in the FIBA 1988 European Championship for Junior Men.

References

External links
Instagram page
Facebook page

Living people
1969 births
Israeli men's basketball players
Point guards
Israeli Basketball Premier League players
Greater Lowell is the region comprising the city of Lowell, Massachusetts, and its suburbs. These lie in northern Middlesex County, Massachusetts; in the Merrimack Valley; and in southern New Hampshire.

Towns
The Greater Lowell area as defined as the Lowell Metropolitan area consists of the towns of Billerica, Chelmsford, Dracut, Dunstable, Groton, Lowell, Pepperell, Tewksbury,  Tyngsborough, and Westford. The town of Pelham, New Hampshire, may also be included in Greater Lowell.

The New England city and town area Division Lowell–Billerica–Chelmsford contains some towns that can be considered part of Greater Lowell: in Massachusetts, these are Ashby, Ayer, Billerica, Chelmsford, Dracut, Groton, Harvard, Littleton, Lowell, Shirley, Tewksbury, Townsend, Tyngsborough, and Westford; in New Hampshire, the town of Pelham.

Demographics
The towns of Greater Lowell in Massachusetts have a combined population of 299,550 based on the 2010 census.  Including the town of Pelham, Greater Lowell has 312,447 inhabitants.

Culture and Education
The city of Lowell is a cultural and institutional center for the region.  It is home to the Tsongas Center at UMass Lowell and the Lowell National Historical Park, which preserves the region's legacy as an early textile manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution. The University of Massachusetts Lowell and a campus of Middlesex Community College are located in the city as well, as are Lowell General Hospital and Saints Medical Center, the regional hospitals.  Greater Lowell Technical High School serves many of the towns in the region.

Lowell is home to the Superior and District Court for Northern Middlesex County and is technically a county seat, although Massachusetts counties are largely historical in function.  Culturally, many residents of Greater Lowell have deep roots in the city itself, tend to be more blue collar, and speak with an urban Boston accent. Greater Lowell is split politically while the region as a whole is more likely to vote for a conservative candidate than other parts of the state whereas the city of Lowell is more likely to vote liberally.

Economy

The economy of Greater Lowell is closely tied to that of Greater Boston. Outside of the services, health, and retail sectors, major employers are in high technology and defense, with a still-shrinking manufacturing sector.

Suburban sprawl and serious economic hardships have reduced the role Lowell plays in its suburbs over the decades.  The entire region is often considered a component of the much larger Greater Boston area, as Lowell is only 25 miles from downtown Boston.  Suburban office parks, shopping malls, and the severe decline of heavy industry in New England have pulled the economic focus away from the once great industrial and commercial base in Lowell itself.  Additionally, the population of Lowell is at 1900 levels despite large growth among the suburban population.

References

External links

Lowell Sun newspaper
Chamber of Commerce
Northern Middlesex Council of Governments
The Greater Merrimack Valley Convention & Visitors Bureau
Lowell at city-data.com

Lowell, Massachusetts
Regions of Massachusetts
"Tell Me Why" is the opening track on Neil Young's album After the Gold Rush. Written by Young, it was first introduced during the Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young shows of 1970 prior to the release of Déjà Vu. The song also appears on Live at Massey Hall 1971.

Composition and lyrics
Musically, the song marks a shift from the hard rock of 1969's Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere and bears more folk and country influences, which would continue onto 1972's Harvest. The only instruments are two acoustic guitars, played by Young and Nils Lofgren. He is, however, backed by the vocal harmonies of Crazy Horse during the choruses. 'Tell Me Why' has a simple lyrical structure, with two verses each followed by a bridge then chorus, and one final bridge and chorus before a short instrumental outro. The chorus line "Tell me why, tell me why/Is it hard to make arrangements with yourself/When you're old enough to repay/but young enough to sell?" is the most famous line from the song, typifying the introspective and melancholic nature of not just this song, but the whole album.

The guitar is tuned down to D Standard (every string tuned a whole step down from standard tuning).

Cover versions
Norah Jones has been known to cover 'Tell Me Why' as well as Radiohead, most notably at the White River Amphitheatre and the Hollywood Bowl in 2008.
The song is famously popular with Red Hot Chili Peppers bassist Flea.

References

Neil Young songs
1970 songs
Songs written by Neil Young
Song recordings produced by David Briggs (record producer)
Hemingway Corner songs
Song recordings produced by Neil Young
The Caroline Brevard Grammar School (also known as the Bloxham Building) is a historic school in Tallahassee, Florida. It is located at 727 South Calhoun Street and was designed by architect, William Augustus Edwards. On December 17, 1987, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

It is currently being used by the Leon County School District to house services of community-wide interest.  As of June 2016 the following offices were located in the Bloxham Building:  
 AmeriCorps Tallahassee
 Families in Transition
 Florida Diagnostic and Learning Resource System (FDLRS)
 Foundation for Leon County Schools
 Home Education
 Records Department 
 School Choice & Reassignment
 University Intern and Field Experience Office
 Virtual School, Leon County (LCVS)
 Whole Child Leon

References

External links

 Leon County listings at National Register of Historic Places
 Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs
 Leon County listings
 Bloxham Building

Public elementary schools in Florida
History of Tallahassee, Florida
Historic buildings and structures in Leon County, Florida
National Register of Historic Places in Tallahassee, Florida
Schools in Tallahassee, Florida
William Augustus Edwards buildings
Homeobox protein engrailed-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EN1 gene.

Function 

Homeobox-containing genes are thought to have a role in controlling development. In Drosophila, the engrailed (en) gene plays an important role during development in segmentation, where it is required for the formation of posterior compartments. Different mutations in the mouse homologs, En1 and En2, produced different developmental defects that frequently are lethal. The human engrailed homologs 1 and 2 encode homeodomain-containing proteins and have been implicated in the control of pattern formation during development of the central nervous system and the limbs.

Engrailed (En) 1 is a homeobox gene that helps regulate development in the dorsal midbrain and anterior hindbrain (cerebellum and colliculi) of humans.  It is also essential in regulating the establishment of a dorso-ventral pattern in developing limbs. The expression of En1 is regulated until 13 days after fertilization by Fgf8, which controls the development of the forebrain and hindbrain.  En1 is first expressed in this region on day 9.5 after fertilization for about 12 hours until En2 is expressed. After En2 expression, En1 is expressed again in other tissues such as somites and limb ectoderm throughout development. A knockout mouse model with the En1 homeobox deleted was developed; mice died less than 24 hours after birth because appeared to be unable to feed.  The brains of the mice were studied and most of the cerebellum, colliculi, and cranial nerves 3 and 4 were missing. There was clear deletion in the mid-hindbrain, isthmus, junction region that began at day 9.5 after fertilization. All of the mice demonstrated marked forepaw deformities including fusion of digits and abnormal dorso-ventral patterning. The 13th ribs and sternums displayed delayed and abnormal ossification. The mouse model demonstrated that the expression of En1 is critical in the correct development of the brain, limbs, and sternum. 

In 2021, a group of scientists and physicians around Andrea Superti-Furga in Lausanne and Stefan Mundlos in Berlin showed that biallelic loss-of-function variants at the EN1 locus result in a human phenotype that includes a severe impairment of limb development as well as cerebellar aplasia, reproducing the phenotype first observed in the gene knock-out mice described above. They also found that there is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) element at approx. 300 kb distance from EN1, that they called MAENLI (for Master on Engrailed-1 in the Limbs), that is responsible for activation of EN1 gene expression in the developing limbs. The biallelic loss of the MAENLI lncRNA element results in impairment of limb development in humans as seen in the EN1-associated condition, while cerebellar development is not affected.

References

Further reading

External links 
 

Transcription factors
Thomas Doyle D.D. (1793–1879) was an English Roman Catholic priest, associated with the construction of St George's Cathedral, Southwark.

Life
Doyle was born on 21 December 1793 in London, of Irish parents. He was studying at St. Edmund's College, Ware, where he had been organist, when in 1819 William Poynter made him a priest to counter a shortfall.

Doyle was sent to the site of the future St. George's Cathedral, then the Royal Belgian Chapel, on the London Road in Southwark, in 1820, and nine years later he became the senior priest there. St George's Fields was a site associated with the Gordon Riots, and Doyle was instrumental in the construction of the cathedral there, designed by Augustus Pugin.

Doyle began a discussion with Pugin on a large parish church, to accommodate an expanding Catholic population in South London, around 1839. He travelled in Europe to raise funds. Work started in September 1840, and the building was consecrated on 4 July 1848.  

The Protestant Association issued a special tract on the occasion, The Opening of the new Popish Mass House in St. George's Fields. When the papal hierarchy was re-established in 1850, Doyle was made provost of the cathedral chapter of the newly erected See of Southwark.

Doyle was a good friend of John Henry Newman, and wrote to him in 1841, expressing the regrets of Southwark Catholic clergy for the attack on the Tractarians made by Joseph Rathborne. Doyle published frequently in The Tablet, as "Father Thomas". He died at St. George's Cathedral on 6 June 1879, and was buried there.

Augusta Talbot case
On good terms with John Talbot, 16th Earl of Shrewsbury, Doyle around 1839 took on the guardianship of Augusta Talbot, a niece of the Earl. In 1850, this position involved him in publicly-expressed suspicion of his motives, when she was placed in St Joseph's Convent, Taunton (see St Joseph's Convent, Taunton#1851 case of Augusta Talbot). There was a court case in 1851, after which Augusta remained Doyle's ward, but left the convent, marrying Lord Edward Howard that year.

The case involved Craven Berkeley, Augusta's stepfather. He had married Augusta Talbot (née Jones), widow of George Henry Talbot and Augusta's mother, in 1839; she died in 1841. Doyle made a petition for access to Augusta (Doyle v Wright) in 1840. The custody petition of March 1851 continued that case. Popular interest in the issue linked anti-Catholic feeling with Augusta Talbot's status as an heiress to £80,000, around the allegation that the Catholic Church would profit if she died a nun.

Notes

Attribution

1793 births
1879 deaths
19th-century English Roman Catholic priests
The Minolta Dimage 7, 7i, 7Hi series is a "pro-sumer" line of digital electronic viewfinder cameras from Minolta. These are also known as bridge digital cameras. They are capable of capturing images in the 5-megapixel range.

The Dimage 7 was announced 11 February 2001. The line uses a 2588 × 1960 pixel sensor coupled with a permanently attached optical 28–200 mm (35 mm equivalent) f/2.8W – f/3.5T zoom lens with a macro switch (16 elements in 13 groups, includes two AD glass elements and two aspheric elements)

The Dimage 7/7i/7Hi series cameras were powered with four AA batteries, which discharged quickly; the 7-series was replaced by the DiMAGE A1 in July 2003.

Specifications

References

External links 

 Complete review of Dimage 7
 Comparison of 7Hi and 7i
 RAW Deal
 UFRaw
 Bryan D. K. Biggers Digital Camera Experiments
 Minolta Dimage 7 Bugs and Tips
 Jens Roesner − Camera Page
 Pete Ganzel − Camera Page