Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
In the fields of atomic, molecular, and optical science, the term light dressed state refers to a quantum state of an atomic or molecular system interacting with a laser light
in terms of the Floquet picture, i.e. roughly like an atom or a molecule plus a photon. The Floquet picture is based on the Floquet theorem in differential equations with periodic coefficients.

Mathematical formulation

The Hamiltonian of a system of charged particles interacting with a laser light can be expressed as

where  is the vector potential of the electromagnetic field of the laser;
 is periodic in time as .
The position and momentum of the -th 
particle are denoted as  and , respectively,
while its mass and charge are symbolized as  and , respectively. 
 is the speed of light.
By virtue of this time-periodicity of the laser field, the total Hamiltonian is also 
periodic in time as

The Floquet theorem guarantees that any solution  of the 
Schrödinger equation with this type of Hamiltonian,

can be expressed in the form

where  has the same time-periodicity as the Hamiltonian,

Therefore, this part can be expanded in a Fourier series, obtaining

where  is the frequency of the laser field. 
This expression (2) reveals that a quantum state of the system governed by the Hamiltonian (1) 
can be specified by a real number  and an integer .

The integer  in eq. (2) can be regarded as the number of photons 
absorbed from (or emitted to) the laser field.
In order to prove this statement, we clarify the correspondence between the solution (2),
which is derived from the classical expression of the electromagnetic field where there
is no concept of photons, and one which is derived from a quantized electromagnetic field (see quantum field theory). 
(It can be verified that  is equal to the expectation value of the absorbed photon number
at the limit of , where  is the initial number of total photons.)

References 
 
 
 
 
 
 F.H.M. Faisal, Theory of Multiphoton Processes, Plenum (New York) 1987 .

See also 
Quantum optics
Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics)

Quantum optics
Quantum states
Neil Reynolds (1940 – May 19, 2013) was a Canadian journalist, editor and former leader of the Libertarian Party of Canada.

Career in journalism
Born in Kingston, Ontario in 1940, Reynolds dropped out of high school and became a journalist.

After working as a journalist at the Sarnia Observer and the London Free Press he became city editor of the Toronto Star, leaving in 1974 to join the Kingston Whig-Standard, becoming its editor-in-chief in 1978.

Reynolds left Kingston to become editor-in-chief of the New Brunswick Telegraph-Journal and Saint John Times-Globe in 1992. He was hired by Conrad Black as editor-in-chief of the Ottawa Citizen in 1996 and remained there until 2000 when he became editor-in-chief at the Vancouver Sun until 2003.

He then moved to back Ottawa, Ontario and in 2007, he and his wife, Donna, bought Diplomat & International Canada, a magazine published in Ottawa.  In September 2009, he became editor-at-Large of three daily newspapers owned by Brunswick News Inc, including the Telegraph-Journal and its two sister publications, the Times & Transcript and The Daily Gleaner. Reynolds ended his career as a columnist for the Report on Business section of The Globe and Mail, submitting what would be his final column in the summer of 2012.

Politics

Although he had been a supporter of the New Democratic Party in earlier years, he entered politics as the Libertarian Party of Canada's candidate in the 1982 by-election in the riding of Leeds–Grenville. He won 13.4% of the vote, which was the highest percentage vote ever garnered by a Libertarian Party of Canada candidate, either then or since. In May 1982, he became the party's leader, but resigned in 1983 in order to return to his post as Editor of the Kingston Whig-Standard.

Personal life

Reynolds' widow, Donna Jacobs, is an Ottawa-based freelance feature writer and columnist. He died on May 19, 2013, of cancer at the age of 72, leaving his wife, three children, and grandchildren.

References

External links
 Black's New Look Ottawa Citizen 1997 Maclean's feature concentrates on Reynolds and his career.
 Neil Reynolds Remembered An article from JSource that looks at Neil Reynolds career and his impact on Canadian journalism
 Neil Reynolds' Columns The Globe and Mail

  

Canadian newspaper editors
Canadian male journalists
Libertarian Party of Canada leaders
1940 births
2013 deaths
Journalists from Ontario
Politicians from Kingston, Ontario
The Globe and Mail people
Ontario candidates for Member of Parliament
Libertarian Party of Canada candidates for the Canadian House of Commons
The Globe and Mail columnists
Libertarian Party of Canada politicians
Canadian libertarians
Dongwang may refer to the following locations in China:

 Dongwang, Dingzhou (东旺镇), town in Hebei
 Dongwang, Ningjin County, Hebei (东汪镇), town
 Dongwang, Xingtai County (东汪镇), town in Hebei
 Dongwang, Xinle (东王镇), Hebei
 Dongwang Township, Hebei (东旺乡), in Quyang County
 Dongwang Township, Yunnan (东旺乡), in Shangri-La County
Namibia will compete at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics, in Nanjing, China from 16 August to 28 August 2014.

Archery

Namibia was given a quota to compete by the tripartite committee.

Individual

Team

Athletics

Namibia qualified one athlete.

Qualification Legend: Q=Final A (medal); qB=Final B (non-medal); qC=Final C (non-medal); qD=Final D (non-medal); qE=Final E (non-medal)

Boys
Field Events

Beach Volleyball

Namibia qualified a girls' team by their performance at the CAVB Qualification Tournament.

Cycling

Namibia qualified a boys' team based on its ranking issued by the UCI.

Team

Mixed Relay

Football

Namibia has been selected to represent Africa.

Girls' Tournament

Roster

 Asteria Angula
 Jasmine Baas
 Chaan Beukes
 Chelsea de Gouveia
 Luzane de Wee
 Revival Gawanas
 Christophine Hanse
 Ignacia Haoses
 Queandra Kasume Batista
 Ivone Kooper
 Mbitjitandjambi Mungunda
 Nondiyo Noreses
 Tarakuje Rukero
 Anna Shaende
 Ashley Solomons
 Vetjiwa Tjivau
 Beverly Uueziua
 Bianca van Wyk

Group stage

Fifth place match

Gymnastics

Trampoline

Namibia qualified one athlete based on its performance at the 2014 African Trampoline Championships. Later Namibia was given a quota to compete by the tripartite committee.

Swimming

Namibia qualified three swimmers.

Boys

Girls

Tennis

Namibia was given a quota to compete by the tripartite committee.

Singles

Doubles

References

Olympics
Nations at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics
Namibia at the Youth Olympics
Markowizna  is a village in the Gmina Ogrodzieniec, Zawiercie County, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Ogrodzieniec,  south-east of Zawiercie, and  north-east of the regional capital Katowice.

References

Markowizna
Xenosaurus  agrenon, the mountain knob-scaled lizard, is a lizard found in Oaxaca of Mexico.

References

Xenosauridae
Reptiles described in 1968
Reptiles of Mexico
Ada Brown may refer to:

 Ada Brown (singer) (1890–1950), American blues singer
 Ada Brown (judge) (born 1974), American federal judge
 Ada Salter, née Brown (1866–1942), English social reformer
Farrel Island (Spanish: Isla Farrel) is an island in the Magallanes Region, Chile.

Islands of Magallanes Region
The 34th Karlovy Vary International Film Festival took place from 2 to 10 July 1999. The Crystal Globe was won by Yana's Friends, an Israeli comedy-drama film directed by Arik Kaplun. The second prize, the Special Jury Prize was won by Show Me Love, a Swedish comedy-drama film directed by Lukas Moodysson. French film director and scriptwriter Yves Boisset was the president of the jury.

Jury
The following people formed the jury of the festival: 
 Yves Boisset, Jury President (France)
 Jaroslav Brabec (Spain)
 Jutta Brückner (Germany)
 Dan Fainaru (Israel)
 Katinka Faragó  (Sweden)
 Brian Gilbert (UK)
 Karen Šachnazarov (Russia)

Official selection awards
The following feature films and people received the official selection awards:
 Crystal Globe (Grand Prix) - Yana's Friends (Ha-Chaverim Shel Yana) by Arik Kaplun (Israel)
 Special Jury Prize - Show Me Love (Fucking Åmål) by Lukas Moodysson (Sweden)
 Best Director Award - Aleksandr Rogozhkin for Checkpoint (Blokpost) (Russia)
 Best Actress Award - Evelyn Kaplun for her role in Yana's Friends (Ha-Chaverim Shel Yana) (Israel)
 Best Actor Award - Hilmar Thate for his role in Paths in the Night (Wege in die Nacht) (Germany)
 Special Jury Mention - Cosy Dens (Pelíšky) by Jan Hřebejk (Czech Republic)

Other statutory awards
Other statutory awards that were conferred at the festival:
 Crystal Globe for Outstanding Artistic Contribution to World Cinema - Karel Kachyňa (Czech Republic), Franco Zeffirelli (Italy)
 Award of the Town of Karlovy Vary - Nikita Michalkov (Russia)
 Audience Award - Show Me Love (Fucking Åmål) by Lukas Moodysson (Sweden)

Non-statutory awards
The following non-statutory awards were conferred at the festival:
 FIPRESCI International Critics Award: Cosy Dens (Pelíšky) by Jan Hřebejk (Czech Republic)
 Special Mention: Drop Dead Gorgeous by Michael Patrick Jann (USA)
 FICC - The Don Quixote Prize: Show Me Love (Fucking Åmål) by Lukas Moodysson (Sweden)
 Special Mention: Girl on the Bridge (La fille sur le pont) by  Patrice Leconte (France)
 Ecumenical Jury Award: A Reasonable Man by Gavin Hood (South Africa, France)
 Special Mention: Yana's Friends (Ha-Chaverim Shel Yana) by Arik Kaplun (Israel) & Beautiful People by Jasmin Dizdar (UK)
 Philip Morris Film Award: The Outskirts (Okraina) by Pyotr Lutsik (Russia)
 Emila Radoka Award: Helluva Good Luck (Z pekla štěstí) by  Zdeněk Troška (Czech Republic)

References

1999 film awards
Karlovy Vary International Film Festival
Stanislovas Jančiukas  (5 November 1937 – 18 October 2006) was a Lithuanian fashion designer.

Biography 
In 1969, he graduated from the Art Institute in Tallinn, Estonia. In 1969–1994, he worked as an artist at the "art" factory in Vilnius.

Works 
Creator albums, diaries, notebooks, leather goods products for mass production standards, honor, reviews of books, folders, greetings and more. Works characterized by subtle forms of modeliuotė, figurative, architect. motives and style of harmony. Since 1970 participates in exhibitions and solo exhibitions held in Vilnius 1997

The most important works: the book reviews and maps exposition in the Trakai History Museum, in 1973–1975, "Album", 1976, panels and guest books ship "Lithuania", 1979, and honorary guest book at Vilnius University in 1979, a notebook with initials, 1986, photo boxes, 1988, J guestbook. Basanaviciaus Ožkabaliuose Museum, 2002.

See also 
 List of Lithuanian painters

References

External links 
 "Stanislovas Jančiukas", Lithuanian Wikipedia

1937 births
2006 deaths
Lithuanian painters
Artists from Vilnius
Lithuanian fashion designers
Leitão, sometimes Anglicized Leitao (literally meaning suckling pig), is a traditional Portuguese (and Pan-Iberian) dish made of a suckling pig, known more commonly under its Spanish name Lechón.

As surname
It is also a popular Portuguese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Alexandre Filipe Clemente Leitão (born 1979), Portuguese footballer
 João Baptista da Silva Leitão de Almeida Garrett (1799-1854), Portuguese poet, playwright, novelist and politician
 António Leitão (1960–2012), Portuguese athlete
 Ashley Leitão (born 1986), Canadian singer
 Carlos Leitão, (born 1959), former finance minister, Canadian province of Quebec
 Dave Leitao (born 1960), American basketball coach
 Joaquim Leitão (born 1956), Portuguese film director
 Jorge Leitão (born 1974), Portuguese football player
 José Leitão de Barros (1896–1967), Portuguese film director and playwright
 Rafael Leitão (born 1979), Brazilian chess grandmaster
 Maria Luisa Leitao, Hong Kong television host and actress

See also
 Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão (1886–1948), Brazilian zoologist
 George N. Leighton (1912–2018), United States District Court judge; his original surname was Leitão

Portuguese-language surnames
Oxygen Towers (also known as Oxygen) are a cluster of three individual but interlinked residential towers in Manchester, England. The 110 m (359 ft), 32-storey Tower 1 is the tallest element, with Towers 2 and 3 having 16 and 10 storeys respectively. The buildings were designed by 5plus Architects and Tower 1 is the 14th-tallest building in Greater Manchester as of 2023.

History

Planning
Planning permission was originally granted in 2007 by Manchester City Council for a 35-storey tower by developer Time & Tide, before the developer fell into administration in 2008. In 2015, developer Property Alliance Group acquired the site and obtained consent for the three tower scheme in March 2016. The development comprises 372 apartments and 12 townhouses, within three individual towers of 32, 16 and 10 storeys linked by two lift shafts.

Construction
Construction of Oxygen Towers was started in 2018 by contractor Russell WBHO, topped out in 2020 and completed in 2021. It is located on a triangular site where Store Street meets Great Ancoats Street, with the third elevation facing onto the sloped Millbank Street. The change in levels means that the tallest part of the building, Tower 1, has two basement floors while Towers 2 and 3 have just one.

Facilities
Oxygen Towers includes a spa with 25 m (82 ft) pool, a gym, spin and yoga studio, cinema room, and residents' lounge.

See also
List of tallest buildings in the United Kingdom
List of tallest buildings and structures in Greater Manchester

References

Buildings and structures in Manchester
2021 establishments in England
Apartment buildings in England
Residential buildings completed in 2021
Residential buildings in Manchester
GRB 020813 was a gamma-ray burst (GRB) that was detected on 13 August 2002 at 02:44 UTC. A gamma-ray burst is a highly luminous flash associated with an explosion in a distant galaxy and producing gamma rays, the most energetic form of electromagnetic radiation, and often followed by a longer-lived "afterglow" emitted at longer wavelengths (X-ray, ultraviolet, optical, infrared, and radio).

Observations 
GRB 020813 was detected on 13 August 2002 02:44 UTC by multiple instruments on the High Energy Transient Explorer. The burst lasted approximately 125 seconds. The initial position was estimated to be at a right ascension of  and a declination of . In less than two hours after the burst had been detected, optical observations of the region were made with the Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope which reveal the burst's optical afterglow. In the days following the event, observations were made by the Chandra X-ray Observatory, which detected a fading X-ray afterglow. The redshift for this event was approximately z = 1.254.

Supernova relation 
Previous to this burst, there had not yet been any concrete evidence linking gamma-ray bursts to supernovae, though it had long been hypothesized that the two phenomena were results of the same type of event. The spectrum of GRB 011211 was reported to include emission lines associated with the chemical elements magnesium, silicon, sulphur, argon, and calcium, which supported the theory that gamma-ray bursts are preceded by highly massive stars undergoing a supernova collapse. However, these results were considered statistically insignificant and somewhat controversial due to the low resolution of the instruments used. The spectrum of GRB 020813 was also found to display emission lines of elements associated with supernovae, in this case sulphur and silicon. This evidence confirmed the connection between supernovae and gamma-ray bursts.

References

External links 
 HETE Trigger Summary

020813
20020813
August 2002 events
Mehmood Shaheed is a village in the Thal desert in southern Punjab, Pakistan. It is located at the border of Noor Pur Thal, Khushab District and Bhakkar District. It has a population of approximately 15,000. The principal language is Saraiki.

The name of the village has association with a legend "Mehmood", a Sufi and fighter of his times.

Populated places in Khushab District
The Hamilton Tiger Cubs were a Canadian junior ice hockey team in the Ontario Hockey Association from 1953 to 1960. The team was based in Hamilton, Ontario.

History
The Hamilton juniors which they were called initially in the early part of 1953.  At the time Hamilton had the historic senior OHA team still called the "tigers" in the city but sadly the popularity of the team was fading due to mismanagement and the city of Hamilton being more attracted to younger hockey prospects vs senior players.

The franchise was partnered with the Detroit Red wings from day one just as the previous season when the juniors were in Windsor.    During this time  when the local newspaper  covered hockey,  The paper specifically called the OHA/OHL the "cubs"  and that was adopted by mid season vs the "juniors".        
The Tiger Cubs played from 1953 to 1960, after which the team was finally renamed to the Red Wings as they wanted to emphasize the Detroit connection and increase ticket sales .

The best season for the Tiger Cubs was 1958. The team reached the OHA finals for the J. Ross Robertson Cup. They were defeated by the Toronto Marlboros 4 wins to 1, with 1 tie game.

There were also previous OHA Jr. teams in Hamilton. The Hamilton Szabos played from the early 1940s to 1947. In the 1930s Hamilton had an OHA Jr. team known as the Bengal Cubs. In the 1920s there was a Junior Tigers team at the same time as the NHL Tigers team.

The Tiger Cubs played home games at the Barton Street Arena, then known as the Hamilton Forum.

Players

Award winners
1957-1958 - Murray Oliver, Red Tilson Trophy, Most valuable player
1953-1954 - Dennis Riggin, Dave Pinkney Trophy, Lowest team goals against average.

NHL alumni
Alumnus Brian Kilrea became one of the most notable names ever in Canadian junior hockey, and was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame as a coach. Fellow alumnus Pat Quinn coached in the NHL, most recently with the Toronto Maple Leafs, as well as the Canadian national men's hockey team.

Yearly results

References

Defunct Ontario Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in Hamilton, Ontario
1953 establishments in Ontario
1960 disestablishments in Ontario
Ice hockey clubs established in 1953
Sports clubs and teams disestablished in 1960
Jérémy Marie (born 12 March 1984) is a French traveler and the author of the travel book Mon tour du monde en 1980 jours (Around the world in 1980 days), that describes his world tour by hitchhiking that he accomplished between 8 October 2007 and 12 March 2013.

Biography

Early life 
Jérémy Marie grew up in the suburbs of Rouen in France until 2004, when he decided to go to live for one year in Llandrindod Wells in Wales in order to learn the English language. When he came back in 2005, he traveled around Europe mostly by hitchhiking, going from France to the Baltic states. In 2006, he did a tour of France by hitchhiking, before to begin his world tour in 2007.

Tour of the world by hitchhiking

Itinerary 
8 October 2007, Jérémy Marie started his world tour by hitchhiking from Caen in Lower Normandy. His itinerary took him first across Europe and the Balkans on the way to Turkey. He decided to continue his journey through the Middle East and towards Africa, that he crossed on its eastern side
 all the way to South Africa. In January 2008, he left the city of Cape Town as a crew member on a delivering catamaran and sailed across the Atlantic Ocean all the way to Panama City, that he reached in March 2008. He went back on the road on the way to North America, crossing Central America, Mexico, the United States up to Alaska, then went down to South America all the way to Ushuaia. In March 2010, he boarded in Cartagena, Colombia the sailing boat Khamsin as a crew member and crossed the Pacific Ocean to Auckland in New Zealand. This journey that Jérémy Marie claimed to have done by "boat-hitchhiking" took him during four months to the Galápagos Islands, the Marquesas Islands, to Tahiti, Niue, to Nuku'alofa in Tonga and finally to New Zealand. From Auckland, he kept hitchhiking this time by Container ship to Brisbane in Australia, then from Darwin, Northern Territory he hitchhiked a plane to Bali in Indonesia. Finally he travelled around Southeast Asia, China, Central Asia, Iran and Europe again to complete his world tour where he started it, in Caen 12 March 2013.

Traveling facts 
During his world tour by hitchhiking, Jérémy Marie traveled 180,700 kilometers, using 1752 different vehicles and entering 71 countries and territories. During a part of his journey, he communicated with the students of the Primary school Le Clos Herbert in Caen in order to share the information that he was collecting on the road.

While he traveled in Bali, Jérémy Marie met his Indonesian wife Herdiwati Sidabutar, with whom he lives today.

Bibliography 
 Mon tour du monde en 1980 jours, City Éditions (2013)

References

External links 
 Official Website of the world tour by hitchhiking of Jérémy Marie

Living people
1984 births
French male writers
Writers from Rouen
Boone Grove High School is a public high school in Valparaiso, Indiana, United States. It is part of the Porter Township School Corporation.

Boone Grove High School includes grades 9–12.  In 1913, the first 4-year commissioned high school was built in Boone Grove.

Demographics
The demographic breakdown of the 503 students enrolled in the 2016–2017 was:
Male – 51.1%
Female – 48.9%
Asian – 0.4%
Black – 2.4%
Hispanic – 12.9%
White – 82.9%
Multiracial – 1.4%

27.8% of the students were eligible for free or reduced-cost lunch.

Athletics
The school's colors are royal blue and white. The mascot is the wolf. Athletic teams participate in the Porter County Conference (PCC). The following sports programs are offered at Boone Grove:

Girls' sports
 Soccer
 Volleyball
 Golf
 Gymnastics
 Basketball
 Softball
 Cross Country
 Cheerleading
 Tennis

Boys' sports
 Football
 Wrestling
 Baseball
 Basketball
 Track
 Cross country
 Golf
 Soccer
 Volleyball

See also
 List of high schools in Indiana

References

External links
 

Public high schools in Indiana
Schools in Porter County, Indiana
Educational institutions established in 1913
1913 establishments in Indiana
Valparaiso, Indiana