Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
In neurobiology, the length constant (λ) is a mathematical constant used to quantify the distance that a graded electric potential will travel along a neurite via passive electrical conduction. The greater the value of the length constant, the farther the potential will travel. A large length constant can contribute to spatial summation—the electrical addition of one potential with potentials from adjacent areas of the cell.

The length constant can be defined as:

 

where rm is the membrane resistance (the force that impedes the flow of electric current from the outside of the membrane to the inside, and vice versa), ri is the axial resistance (the force that impedes current flow through the axoplasm, parallel to the membrane), and ro is the extracellular resistance (the force that impedes current flow through the extracellular fluid, parallel to the membrane). In calculation, the effects of ro are negligible, so the equation is typically expressed as:

 

The membrane resistance is a function of the number of open ion channels, and the axial resistance is generally a function of the diameter of the axon. The greater the number of open channels, the lower the rm. The greater the diameter of the axon, the lower the ri.

The length constant is used to describe the rise of potential difference across the membrane

 

The fall of voltage can be expressed as:

 

Where voltage, V, is measured in millivolts, x is distance from the start of the potential (in millimeters), and λ is the length constant (in millimeters).

Vmax is defined as the maximum voltage attained in the action potential, where:

 

where rm is the resistance across the membrane and I is the current flow.

Setting for x = λ for the rise of voltage sets V(x) equal to .63 Vmax. This means that the length constant is the distance at which 63% of Vmax has been reached during the rise of voltage.

Setting for x = λ for the fall of voltage sets V(x) equal to .37 Vmax, meaning that the length constant is the distance at which 37% of Vmax has been reached during the fall of voltage.

By resistivity 
Expressed with resistivity rather than resistance, the constant λ is (with negligible ro):

Where  is the radius of the neuron.

The radius and number 2 come from these equations:

Expressed in this way, it can be seen that the length constant increases with increasing radius of the neuron.

See also 
 Isopotential muscle
 Time constant

References 

Electrophysiology
Meedhupparu is a coral island on the east of the Northern Maalhosmadulu Atoll in the Maldives. Following the El Niño current that decimated the Maldives' surface coral in the late 1990s, the lagoon surrounding the island is full of dead coral, but is now interspersed with much new growth and the sea life is returning.  The island was for the most part unaffected by the tsunami of December 2004.

External links
 http://www.meedhupparu.com.mv
 Meedhupparu Island, Maldives - Reviewed, from newarchaeology.com
 Meedhupparu vacation review

Islands of the Maldives
Resorts in the Maldives
Coral islands
Thomas Melvin Jewell (born 13 January 1991) is an English cricketer known for his right-handed batting and right-arm fast-medium bowling. He was born in Reading, Berkshire.

Jewell made his debut in first-class cricket for Surrey in a match against Loughborough UCCE in 2008.  He played in 3 first-class matches for the county in 2010, including matches against Cambridge University, the touring Bangladeshis, and his County Championship debut against Northamptonshire.

His introduction to List-A cricket occurred in a match against Northamptonshire in the 2009 Pro40 series, and he went on to participate in a total of 8 List-A games. However, he was released by Surrey in 2014.

References

External links
Tom Jewell at Cricinfo
Tom Jewell at CricketArchive

1991 births
Living people
Cricketers from Reading, Berkshire
English cricketers
Surrey cricketers
Casey is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario, located within the Timiskaming District.

The township had a population of 368 in the Canada 2016 Census. The main communities in the township are Belle Vallée, Judge, and Pearson.  The municipal offices are located in Belle Vallée.

The township is named after George Elliott Casey, member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1872 to 1900.

Demographics 

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Casey had a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

Mother tongue (2006):
 English as first language: 28.6%
 French as first language: 71.4%
 English and French as first language: 0%
 Other as first language: 0%

See also
List of townships in Ontario
List of francophone communities in Ontario

References

External links

Municipalities in Timiskaming District
Single-tier municipalities in Ontario
Township municipalities in Ontario
Murex brevispina, also known as the Short-spined murex, is a species of large predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the rock snails or murex snails.

Subspecies
 Murex brevispina brevispina Lamarck, 1822
 Murex brevispina macgillivrayi Dohrn, 1862
 Murex brevispina ornamentalis Ponder & E. H. Vokes, 1988
 Murex brevispina senilis Jousseaume, 1874
 Murex brevispina toliaraensis Bozzetti, 2020
 Murex brevispina albus Bozzetti, 2020: synonym of Murex brevispina toliaraensis Bozzetti, 2020 (invalid: junior homonym of Murex craticulatus var. albus Scacchi, 1836; M. brevispina toliaraensis is a replacement name)

References

 Steyn, D.G & Lussi, M. (2005). Offshore Shells of Southern Africa: A pictorial guide to more than 750 Gastropods. Published by the authors. Pp. i–vi, 1–289
 Houart, R.; Kilburn, R. N. & Marais, A. P. (2010). Muricidae. pp. 176–270, in: Marais A.P. & Seccombe A.D. (eds), Identification guide to the seashells of South Africa. Volume 1. Groenkloof: Centre for Molluscan Studies. 376 pp

External links
 Lamarck, [J.-B. M.] de. (1822). Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres. Tome septième. Paris: published by the Author, 711 pp

Gastropods described in 1822
Murex
Hypomecus is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Ichneumonidae.

The species of this genus are found in Europe and Northern America.

Species:
 Hypomecus quadriannulatus (Gravenhorst, 1829)

References

Ichneumonidae
Ichneumonidae genera
Lionel Herbert Dahmer (; born July 29, 1936) is an American retired research chemist and father of serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer. In 1994, he wrote A Father's Story, a non-fictional account on his son Jeffrey Dahmer's upbringing, subsequent progress to become a world-wide known serial killer and its aftermath. Lionel's figure has been controversial in the subsequent years since his son's crimes, as both he and his former wife have been accused of neglecting Dahmer during his childhood. As of , Dahmer lives alone in Ohio, after his second wife, Shari, died in January 2023 at the age of 81.

Early life and education
Lionel Herbert Dahmer was born in West Allis, Wisconsin, on July 29, 1936, to Herbert Walter Dahmer, a high-school math teacher and barber, whom Dahmer described as "a good father, as caring and concerned as any child would wish" and Catherine Jemima Hughes, a housewife.

Lionel received his primary education and secondary education at local Wisconsin schools and enjoyed a relatively good childhood.

First marriage and career
Dahmer enrolled in the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1954 and obtained his BS in chemistry in 1959. Dahmer married later that year, on August 22, to a 23-year-old teletype instructor called Joyce Annette Flint (1936 - 2000). In A Father's Story, Dahmer relates that, from the very beginning, their marriage struggled due to Joyce's poor mental health and irascible and tempestuous behavior and his own inability to full keep up with it. Shortly after Joyce got pregnant, she began to suffer seizure episodes, apparently from their neighbor's kitchen's foul odors, which caused them to move out to Dahmer's parents' home, shortly before their firstborn's delivery in early 1960, to receive attention from his parents. During the latter months of the pregnancy, Joyce suffered from increased mental breakdowns and seizures, which, according to her doctor "were rooted in Joyce's mental, rather that physical state" and which aggravated her already severe prescription barbiturates and morphine addiction, to the point of being of taking as "many as twenty-six pills a day" and being constantly sedated to ease her pain. Decades after, he reflected about the long-lasting and eventual terminal effect in his marriage :
 

During the early years of Jeffrey's life, Dahmer's academic responsibilities and, later on, long work shifts prevented him with spending enough time with his wife and children. Shortly after Jeffrey's birth, Dahmer he received a Master of Science degree from Marquette University in 1962. Later, he enrolled at Iowa State University, where he earned a Doctor of Philosophy degree in October 1966. He describes himself as average, even asserts to consider himself as mediocre student :

References

External links

1936 births
Living people
20th-century American memoirists
Writers from Wisconsin
People from West Allis, Wisconsin
Chemists from Wisconsin
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Marquette University alumni
Iowa State University alumni
This is a list of official U.S. state sports as recognized by state legislatures.

Table

See also
 List of U.S. state, district, and territorial insignia
 National sport

References

External links
Muyanja Mbabaali is a Ugandan politician.

Mbabaali was originally announced as the Member of Parliament for Bukoto County South, Lwengo District, following the 2011 general election. His election was however nullified by the High Court, with the unseating party citing the fact that he did not possess the required academic qualifications for the position. He was also nominated as State Minister for Investments in the Ugandan Cabinet but was rejected by the parliamentary vetting committee after accusations his academic papers were forged.

References

Living people
Government ministers of Uganda
Members of the Parliament of Uganda
National Resistance Movement politicians
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century Ugandan politicians
Cuyo Basin () is a sedimentary basin in Mendoza Province, western Argentina. The Cuyo Basin has a NNW-SSE elongated shape and is limited to the west by the Sierra Pintada System and to the east by the Pampean pericraton. To the north the basin reaches the area around the city of Mendoza.

Description 
The Cuyo Basin has an approximate area of . It has two major sub-basins: Cacheuta () in the north and Alvear () in the south. The northern fringes of Cacheuta sub-basin reaches into San Juan Province. The basin existed already during the Triassic but its current shape is derivative of the Andean orogeny.

The basin originated as a rift basin in the context of extensional tectonics and crustal thinning that followed the Paleozoic Gondwanide orogeny.

Stratigraphy 
The stratigraphy of the Cuyo Basin comprises the following formations:

See also 

 Geological history of the Precordillera terrane
 Colorado Basin, basin to the southeast of Cuyo Basin
 Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin, Triassic rift basin to the north of Cuyo Basin
 Neuquén Basin, Mesozoic rift basin to the south of Cuyo Basin
 Paraná Basin, basin to the northeast of Cuyo Basin
 Salta Basin, Mesozoic rift basin to the north of Cuyo Basin

Notes and references

Notes

References

Bibliography 
General
 
 
 
 
 
 

Divisadero Largo Formation
 

Huayquerías Formation
 
 

Mariño Formation

Further reading 
 
 
 

Sedimentary basins of Argentina
Mesozoic rifts and grabens
Foreland basins
Geology of Mendoza Province
Geology of San Juan Province, Argentina
Clive Taylor (1926/27 – 18 April 1977) was a British journalist who worked as the cricket correspondent of The Sun from 1964 to 1977.

A "slim, handsome man", Taylor was a useful club cricketer in his youth. He started his career in Reg Hayter's sports reporting agency and the Morning Advertiser. His work in the latter impressed Bernie Coleman, a member of the Test and County Cricket Board committee, who recommended him to The Sun. He was hired by Frank Nicklin, the sports editor of The Sun, in September 1964. Unusually for the newspaper, Taylor was given the freedom to write "as he pleased". The Sun billed him as "The Man The Players Read". Taylor continued at The Sun till his death. 
 
Taylor died following an illness contracted while touring India with the England team in 1976-77. John Woodcock, the then cricket correspondent of The Times wrote on his death that Taylor "could have done any of our jobs, only better". John Arlott wrote in The Guardian that Taylor's "writing was as orderly as his thought, yet constantly enlivened" by interesting phrases. Perhaps the most famous of Taylor's phrases was about David Steele, bespectacled and grey-haired going out to face Dennis Lillee and Jeff Thomson in 1975, who he described as the "bank clerk who went to war".

Taylor was born in London but shortly after his marriage with Elsa, he moved to Bridport near Dorset. They had a daughter Lynn. The Clive Taylor Prize is given to a student in Oxford University for outstanding sport journalism.

Notes
 The date of his death appears as 18 April in Wisden, 19 April in The Cricketer.

References

1920s births
1977 deaths
Journalists from London
English sports journalists
The King's Tax, or Cis an Righ as it known in Scottish Gaelic, is a lament from the Scottish Highlands which has been composed for bagpipes by Ronald Ban of Clan MacDougall.

References

Compositions for bagpipe
Year of song missing
Events 
 By place 

 Byzantine Empire 
 June 22 – Battle of Versinikia: The Bulgars, led by Krum, ruler (khan) of the Bulgarian Empire, defeat Emperor Michael I near Edirne (modern Turkey). The Byzantine army (26,000 men) is destroyed by a counter-attack of Bulgarian heavy cavalry, while trapped in the valley. Krum captures the Byzantine camp and a rich prize, including gold and weaponry.
 July 11 – Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, abdicates in favor of his general Leo the Armenian, and becomes a monk (under the name Athanasius). His sons are castrated to prevent them succeeding the Byzantine throne, and relegated into monasteries. One of them, Niketas (renamed Ignatius), eventually becomes a patriarch of Constantinople.
 July 17 – Krum reaches Constantinople, and sets his camp outside the walls. He is given an invitation, and a promise of safe conduct, to meet Leo V. Krum sets out unarmed for the capital with only a small escort, but is ambushed and manages to escape. After this unsuccessful Byzantine murder attempt, the Bulgars ravage much of Eastern Thrace.
 Autumn – Siege of Adrianople: Krum captures Adrianople—one of the most important Byzantine fortresses in Thrace—after being attacked with siege engines. The garrison is forced to surrender, due to starvation. On the orders of Krum, the population of the surrounding area (numbering about 10,000) is transferred to Bulgarian territory, north of the Danube. 
 Ashot I ("the Great") becomes the first Georgian Bagratid prince of Iberia, under Byzantine protection.

 Europe 
 September 11 — Louis the Pious, king of Aquitaine (and only surviving legitimate son), is crowned co-emperor of the Franks, with his father Charlemagne.
 Danish Viking raiders, led by King Horik I, attack Vestfold (modern Norway), due to its insubordination (approximate date).

 Abbasid Caliphate 
 Autumn – Siege of Baghdad: Caliph al-Amin surrenders Baghdad, after al-Ma'mun's General Tahir accepts his peace terms, but he is captured and executed. His brother al-Ma'mun becomes undisputed ruler of the Abbasid Caliphate.

 The Baghdad School of Astronomy is opened by al-Ma'mun.
 Caliph al Ma’mun founds a school in Baghdad called the House of Wisdom. In this school scholars translated Greek philosophy classics into Arabic.

 By topic 

 Religion 
 Third Council of Tours: Priests are ordered to preach in the vernacular (either Vulgar Latin or German).

Births 
 Fujiwara no Yoshimi, Japanese nobleman (d. 867)
 Fujiwara no Yoshisuke, Japanese statesman (d. 867)
 Li Rong, prince of the Tang Dynasty (or 812)
 Li Shangyin, Chinese official and poet (d. 858)
 Moses Bar-Kepha, Syriac bishop (approximate date)
 Muhammad at-Taqi, Muslim ninth Ismā'īlī imam (or 814)
 Theophilus, emperor of the Byzantine Empire (d. 842)
 Wandelbert, Benedictine monk (approximate date)

Deaths 
 ’Abd Allah ibn Wahb, Muslim jurist (b. 743)
 Eanberht, bishop of Hexham (approximate date)
 Muhammad ibn Harun al-Amin, Muslim caliph (b. 787)

References
The women's team competition of the table tennis events at the 2011 Pan American Games will be held between October 15 and 17 at the CODE Dome  in Guadalajara, Mexico. The defending Pan American Games champion is team United States (Gao Jun, Wang Chen and Tawny Banh).

Round robin
The round robin will be used as a qualification round. The twelve teams will be split into groups of four. The top two teams from each group will advance to the first round of playoffs.

Group A

Group B

Group C

Group D

Playoffs

Quarterfinals

Semifinals

Final

References

Table tennis at the 2011 Pan American Games
Pan
The Chaffee County Courthouse and Jail Buildings, at 501 E. Main St. in Buena Vista, Colorado, were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

The courthouse is a two-story five-bay brick building, with brick laid in stretcher bond, on an ashlar foundation.  It was built after the county seat was switched from Salida, Colorado.

The jail is a smaller building.  Both were built in 1882.

A different Chaffee County Courthouse, built in Salida in 1929 was designed by architect Walter DeMordaunt, after the county voted to move the courthouse back to Salida.

References

County courthouses in Colorado
National Register of Historic Places in Chaffee County, Colorado
Government buildings completed in 1882
Malësi e Madhe District (), commonly known as Malësia, was one of the 36 districts of Albania, which were dissolved in July 2000 and replaced by 12 newly created counties. It had a population of 36,770 in 2001, and an area of . It is in the north of the country, and its capital was the town of Koplik. The area of the former district is  with the present municipality of Malësi e Madhe, which is part of Shkodër County.

Administrative divisions
The district consisted of the following municipalities:

Gruemirë
Kastrat
Kelmend
Koplik
Qendër
Shkrel

Note: - urban municipalities in bold

References

Districts of Albania
Geography of Shkodër County
Symphonia ( 'accord') is a normative theory or concept in Eastern Orthodox Christian theological and political thought, especially within the Eastern Roman and Russian Empires, which posits that church and state are to complement each other, exhibiting mutual respect with neither institution presuming to dominate the other.

The theory can be traced back to the policy of Roman Emperor Constantine I (r. 324–337). Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565) expressed this position when he said: "A distinction is drawn between the imperial authority and the priesthood, the former being concerned with human affairs and the latter with things divine; the two are regarded as closely interdependent, but, at least in theory, neither is subordinated to the other." Such a position is scripturally based as evidenced in several Old Testament texts; the most notable references being that of Melchizedek the priest-king and the brotherly relationship between Aaron, the high priest, and Moses, the leader of Israel from Egypt.

The theory is believed to have been embodied in the Byzantine Empire from the time of Justinian's reign, when ecclesiastical and civil law were indivisible, that is, canon law came to be enforced by the emperor. It was reasserted in the Stoglav, a church code promulgated in the Tsardom of Russia in 1551. In Stanley Harakas' view, "there are almost no existing presuppositions for its implementation as a system of Church–state relations in our times", and "at most, it presents 'an impossible ideal' in the contemporary world, which may illumine some attitudes for Orthodox Christians regarding their views of the well-ordered state as well as the relationship of the Church toward the state."

Symphonia became the subject of political discussion in Russia when it was brought up and dwelt upon by Patriarch Kirill of Moscow in the presence of President Dmitry Medvedev the day following Kirill's accession to the Russian Orthodox patriarchal throne on February 1, 2009.

See also

Christianity and politics
Constantinian shift
History of the Eastern Orthodox Church
Papal temporal power
Political theology
State church of the Roman Empire
Two kingdoms doctrine

References

External links
Putin and the Russian Orthodox Church: Asymmetric Symphonia? By John Anderson, Journal of International Affairs, October 1, 2007.

Christian theology and politics
Eastern Orthodox theology
Political theories
Religion law