Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Avigayil or Abigail () is an Israeli outpost in the West Bank. It lies between the settlements of Ma'on and Susya in the Southern Hebron Hills. The outpost is situated east of the Israeli West Bank barrier, 4.7 km kilometers from the Green line on what is officially known as Hilltop 850. 
Established in October 2001, Avigayil has a population of roughly 50, consisting of 30 families as of 2014, up from 17 registered in 2010, and is within the municipal jurisdiction of the Har Hebron Regional Council. 

The international community considers all Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, which the Israeli government disputes. However unauthorized outposts are also illegal under Israeli law. According to the 2003 road map agreement, settlements and outposts erected after March 2001 are to be dismantled.

Etymology
Avigayil is named after the biblical Abigail, the wife of Nabal, who lived, according to the Bible, in a place in Judea called Maon.

History
Avigayil, a ramshackle group of trailers and modular houses, was established on 1,000 dunams (250 acres) on Yom Kippur eve (September 26) 2001 by a group of recently discharged Israel Defense Forces soldiers on a hilltop chosen for its strategic location.  According to a recent settler it was created to prevent Palestinian attacks on a road below the hill. One its founders has stated that the main priority was to create a buffer between the Palestinian Arabs and Bedouin tribes, cutting off contiguous Arab settlements in a "line of settlements"  as part of a chain of Jewish settlements and unauthorized outposts in the area that is rapidly expanding into a bloc including Havat Lucifer, Mitzpe Yair, Ma'on, Havat Maon and Carmel, Susya and Beit Yatir. Residents state that their presence aims specifically to assert land claims for Israel.  The gradual expansion of residential and agricultural areas for settlers has been conducted side by side with regular efforts to deny Palestinian farmers and shepherds access to increasing portions of their land. 

Immediately after the group moved onto the land, a High Court of Justice ruled a temporary injunction ordering a freeze on all development work on the site until an official ruling could be made regarding the status of the land. In 2003 Avigayil was one of 22 outposts slated for removal by Ariel Sharon as part of the Road Map. In 2014 Israeli Defense Minister Moshe Ya'alon announced
that procedures were advancing to legalize the outpost.

References

Populated places established in 2001
Israeli settlements in the West Bank
2001 establishments in the Palestinian territories
Israeli outposts
Unauthorized Israeli settlements
Oman–Yemen relations refer to bilateral relations between the southern Peninsular Arab nations of Oman and Yemen. The two countries share a 294 km (183 m) border. Both Oman and Yemen were part of the Persian Empire, and later the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates. Yemen has an embassy in Muscat. Oman has an embassy in Sana'a. Both countries are members of the Arab League and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.

History
During the early 1970s, relations between Oman and the neighboring People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (South Yemen) deteriorated, following conflict in Dhofar Province with a guerrilla organization, known from 1974 as the People's Front for the Liberation of Oman, which the South Yemeni government supported. Although a cease-fire was mediated by Saudi Arabia in March 1976, the situation remained tense.  The PFLO threat diminished further with the establishment of diplomatic relations in October 1983 between South Yemen and Oman, and South Yemen subsequently lessened propaganda and subversive activities against Oman. In late 1987, Oman opened an embassy in Aden, South Yemen, and appointed its first resident ambassador to the country. 

After the Gulf War, rapprochement between united Yemen and neighboring Oman took place. After North and South Yemen merged in May 1990, Oman settled its border disputes with the new united Republic of Yemen on October 1, 1992. Oman also hoped to take part in Yemen's oil development.

In September 2008, the two countries began discussions to form a regional center to combat piracy. In May 2009, Oman signaled support for Yemen's integrity and the government of President Ali Abdullah Saleh by withdrawing the Omani citizenship of southern Yemeni politician Ali Salim Al Bidh, who was believed to be stoking separatist sentiment in south Yemen.

In January 2011 in a preparatory meeting for the second Arab Summit of Economic and Social Development which took place in the Egyptian city of Sharm el-Sheikh, Foreign Minister Abu-Bakr al-Qirbi and Minister Responsible for Foreign Affairs Yusuf bin Abdullah have discussed the bilateral relations between Yemen and Oman and means of boosting them.

During the Yemeni civil war, Oman has been the lone Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) member to eschew military involvement. According to Al Jazeera, Omani diplomats have worked to mediate relations between the Saudi government and the Houthi movement.

References

 
Bilateral relations of Yemen
Yemen
The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Glandulosa' was described as Ulmus glabra [:smooth-leaved] Mill. var. glandulosa by Lindley in A Synopsis of British Flora, arranged according to the Natural Order (1829), from trees near Ludlow, Shropshire. Melville identified a specimen in Ludlow in 1939, calling it in a 1946 paper "a good form of U. carpinifolia" [:U. minor ], describing it more fully and renaming it U. carpinifolia Gled. var. glandulosa (Lindl.). Regarding it as out of its natural range and deliberately planted, he referred to it as The Ludlow Elm, the "type tree" of a "variety" of Field Elm. Herbarium specimens of 'Glandulosa' are held in both the Lindley Herbarium in Cambridge and the Borrer Herbarium at Kew.

Ley (1910) noted that other forms of field elm exhibit "the same glandular development, but without the same [leaf-]shape". He considered that "These must probably be placed under var. glandulosa".

Description
Lindley reported the leaves "very glandular beneath". Melville (1946) included an illustration of a natural-size short shoot, with leaves on average 7 × 3 cm, with a slender base to the long side and a long petiole to 12 mm, and gave the following description: "Distal and subdistal leaves of the short shoots narrowly obovate, acute, with greatest breadth about 45% of the lamina length in the distal and 50% in the subdistal leaves; basal half of margin of long side, arched or nearly straight, making a sharp rectangular turn at the base 2–4 mm from the petiole". Ley (1910) added that the leaves are "scabrous and epilose above, pilose beneath".

Pests and diseases
Though susceptible to Dutch Elm Disease, field elms produce suckers and usually survive in this form in their area of origin.

Cultivation
Lindley noted that the tree was cultivated near Ludlow, where Ley in 1910 found "large trees on the terraces, upper and lower, of Ludlow Castle, to the west side", and where Melville found an old pollarded specimen in 1939, below the castle ramparts and 100 yards from the bridge. In a Kew herbarium specimen (see 'External links') Melville included a postcard on which he indicated the tree. No old trees survive at Ludlow, but there are (2019) a number of monopolar Ulmus minor root suckers @ 10 m in height, notably devoid of samarae in April, with numerous smaller suckers about them. Ley also verified specimens of var. glandulosa near Lutterworth, Leicestershire.

References

External links
 With Ludlow postcard showing tree (blue arrow)
 
  Sheet described as Ulmus carpinifolia var. glandulosa
  Sheet described as Ulmus carpinifolia var. glandulosa
 "Herbarium specimen 283234, herbariaunited.org" Sheet described as U. glabra Miller var. glandulosa, from Ludlow, 1910, by Rev. Augustin Ley
 "Herbarium specimen 290634, herbariaunited.org" from Ludlow, 1910, by Rev. Augustin Ley
 "Herbarium specimen 277989, herbariaunited.org" from Lutterworth, Leicestershire, 1909, with letter by L. Cumming
 "Herbarium specimen 286314, herbariaunited.org" from Lutterworth, Leicestershire, 1909, by L. Cumming

Field elm cultivar
Ulmus articles missing images
Ulmus
Scandinavian Methodist Church is a historic Methodist church at 203 Fifth Avenue West Kalispell, Montana.

It was started in 1896 in a Late Gothic Revival style and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

It was described in its NRHP nomination as "a good example of an early church in Kalispell with relatively simple details; almost all of the original wood frame churches have been demolished and replaced."  It is a one-story wood building with one-over-one double-hung windows with pointed transoms.  It had a steeple at its northwest corner which was removed sometime after 1955.  It has clapboard siding and it has diamond and fishscale wood shingles in its gable ends.  A rear wing was added sometime between 1903 and 1910;  the north end of that rear wing had a wrap-around porch which was enclosed by 1955.

References

Methodist churches in Montana
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Montana
Carpenter Gothic church buildings in Montana
Churches completed in 1896
Scandinavian-American culture
Kalispell, Montana
National Register of Historic Places in Flathead County, Montana
1896 establishments in Montana
Dan Duțescu (21 October 1918 – 26 September 1992) was a professor of English language and literature at the University of Bucharest, and a member of the Romanian Writers' Union.

A graduate of the School of English Studies of the University of Bucharest's Department of Letters, he taught Romanian at the University of London (1964–1965) and the University of Cambridge (1971–1973).

He had a son, Dan, and a daughter, Taina Duțescu-Coliban, a linguist and mountain climber who went missing in 1992 while trying to climb Mount Dhaulaghiri.

Works

Published books (selection) 
 Limba engleză fără profesor ("Teach Yourself English"), co-author (with Leon Levițchi)
 Humour in English (Editura Științifică, 1964)
 Manual de conversație în limba engleză (ed. I - Editura Ştiinţifică, 1970; ed. II - 1973; ed. III - 1976)
 Spoken English - Manual de conversație în limba engleză (ed. a IV-a, Editura Miron, 1991)

Translations (selection) 
 Antologia bilingvă Shakespeare ("Shakespeare Bilingual Anthology"), co-author (with Leon Levițchi), 1964
 Hamlet, co-author (with Leon Levițchi)
 Richard III, co-author (with Leon Levițchi)
 Beowulf, co-author (with Leon Levițchi)
 Povestiri din Canterbury ("The Canterbury Tales") by Geoffrey Chaucer
 Trolius si Cressida ("Troilus and Criseyde") by Geoffrey Chaucer
 Cartea ducesei ("The Book of the Duchess") by Geoffrey Chaucer
 Cartea faimei ("The House of Fame") by Geoffrey Chaucer
 Legenda femeilor vestite ("The Legend of Good Women") by Geoffrey Chaucer
 Like Diamonds in Coal Asleep, co-author (with Leon Levițchi and Andrei Bantaș)
 Romanian Poets of Our Time, co-author, 1974, Univers Publishing House
 Meșterul Manole

Awards 
 He was awarded the Romanian Writers' Union Translation Prize for his translations twice, for his translations of Chaucer and Meșterul Manole

References 

 Aurel Sasu, Dictionarul biografic al literaturii române (A-L), Paralela 45, Pitesti, 2006, p. 546
 Andrei Bantaș, Un spirit fermecător: Dan Duțescu, in România literară, 7 Oct. 1992
 Zoe Dumitrescu Bușulenga, in Secolul 20, nr. 7, 1974
 Andrei Bantaș, in Argeș, nr. 3, 1978
 Pia Teodorescu Brânzeu, in Orizont, nr. 38, 1982
 Dan Grigorescu, in Literatorul, nr. 42, 1992

1918 births
1992 deaths
Academic staff of the University of Bucharest
Romanian translators
Translators of William Shakespeare
English–Romanian translators
20th-century translators
20th-century Romanian poets
Frans Steenbergen (17 August 1920 – 6 July 1978) was a Dutch footballer. He played in two matches for the Netherlands national football team in 1949.

References

External links
 

1920 births
1978 deaths
Dutch men's footballers
Netherlands men's international footballers
Place of birth missing
Men's association football players not categorized by position
The spolia opima ("rich spoils") were the armour, arms, and other effects that an ancient Roman general stripped from the body of an opposing commander slain in single combat. The spolia opima were regarded as the most honourable of the several kinds of war trophies a commander could obtain, including enemy military standards and the peaks of warships.

For the majority of the city's existence, the Romans recognized only three instances when spolia opima were taken. The precedent was imagined in Rome's mythical history, which tells that in 752 BC Romulus defeated and stripped Acron, king of the Caeninenses, following the Rape of the Sabine Women. In the second instance, Aulus Cornelius Cossus obtained the spolia opima from Lars Tolumnius, king of the Veientes, during Rome's semi-legendary fifth century BC. 

The third and most historically grounded occurred before the Second Punic War when Marcus Claudius Marcellus (consul 222 BC) galloped forward beyond his battle line and speared the Celtic warrior Viridomarus, a king of the Gaesatae, before stripping him of his armour on the battlefield.

The ceremony of the spolia opima was a ritual of state religion that was supposed to emulate the archaic ceremonies carried out by the founder Romulus. The victor affixed the stripped armor to the trunk of an oak tree, carried it himself in a procession to the Capitoline, and dedicated it at the Temple of Jupiter Feretrius.

To dedicate the spoils to Jupiter Feretrius, one needed be the commander of a Roman army. Thus, Titus Manlius Torquatus, Valerius Corvus and Scipio Aemilianus, though they all slew enemy leaders in single combat (the first two against Gauls and Aemilianus against a king in Hispania), were not considered to have won the spolia opima.

Imperial period
During the early years of the imperial regime, in 27 BC, M Licinius Crassus (grandson of the triumvir) after victories in Macedonia requested a triumph and right to dedicate spolia opima due to his slaying of an enemy chieftain in hand-to-hand combat. Dedication rights were denied by Augustus. Crassus' illustrious political lineage made him a potential rival to Augustus. While Crassus' triumph was granted, it was required to be a joint triumph with Augustus who may have argued he deserved it due to his also holding imperium in Macedonia.

Nero Claudius Drusus, a Roman general of the first century BC and member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, sought out Germanic chieftains to face in single combat during his campaigns. Sources suggest that he may have eventually been able to take the spolia opima.

See also

 Tropaion
 Roman triumph

References

Military awards and decorations of ancient Rome
Victory
Processions in ancient Rome
Overgrown Eden is the debut album from Essex rock band InMe. The album was released in the UK on 27 January 2003. The album produced four singles before and after the album's release. The singles released were "Underdose", "Firefly", "Crushed like Fruit" and "Neptune". The album was re-released in its original format on 5 June 2006. This was due to getting the rights for Overgrown Eden from the now defunct record label Music for Nations (which transferred to Zomba). Due to the demise of MFN, this was the first and last album released by InMe on this record label.

The highest UK Album Chart position was No. 15. However, it reached No. 1 in the Rock Album Chart.

Track listing
"Underdose" – 3:12
"Firefly" – 3:33
"Wounds" – 4:42
"Lava Twilight" – 4:38
"Natural" – 3:14
"Her Mask (P.A.)" – 5:21
"Energy" – 3:18
"Crushed Like Fruit" – 3:16
"Icewarm" – 5:00
"Trenches" – 3:10
"Neptune" – 3:48
"Mosaic" – 3:33

References

2003 debut albums
InMe albums
Music for Nations albums
V2 Records albums
Albums produced by Colin Richardson
Megalytoceratinae is a subfamily of lytoceratids ammonites consisting of planulate forms, i.e. those with moderately evolute compressed shells with bluntly rounded venters, in which the outer whorls become smooth and sutures tend to resemble those of the Perisphinctidae.  The family includes three genera, Megalytoceras, and Metrolytoceras, from the  Middle Bajocian of England, Perilytoceras from the Toarcian and a fourth possible member, Asapholytoceras, from the Toacian of southeastern Europe.

References

W.J.Arkell, B.Kummel, & C.W.Wright 1957. Mesozoic Ammonoidea, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part L Ammonoidea. R.C.Moore, (ed).

Jurassic ammonites
Toarcian first appearances
Middle Jurassic extinctions
Lytoceratidae
Pentagon is a 2023 Indian Kannada-language anthology drama film directed by Chandra Mohan, Akash Srivatsa, Raghu Shivamogga, Kiran Kumar and Guru Deshpande and starring Kishore, P. Ravi Shankar, Vijanath Biradar, Pramod Shetty, Prakash Belawadi and Pruthvi Ambaar. The film consists of five different stories with a common theme. This film is one of the few Kannada anthology films.

Cast

Soundtrack 
The music was composed by Manikanth Kadri and released on Jhankar Music.

Reception 
A critic from Bangalore Mirror wrote that "If you cannot resist the lure of tales, this movie is for you". A critic from The South First wrote that "Presented through the prisms of death (crow), Pentagon is worth watching for the underlying message about life and the decent entertainment it offers". A critic from The New Indian Express wrote that "There are a lot of stories, a lot of characters, and a lot of takeaways from Pentagon, which highlights the importance of life, and the consequences of death, and leaves the audience with the envious task of picking the best of the lot". A critic from The Times of India wrote that "Pentagon, which is an anthology film, is an unique attempt by the five directors based on concepts which are different from each other, and generates interest with simple narration and what stands out is each story has a message which is conveyed in an impactful manner without relying on one or two characters and it manages to leave a mark". A critic from OTTPlay wrote that " Pentagon works quite well with the help of a unifying theme and there's a lot to savour here. While the first two short films don't work as well, the remaining three salvage the film and keep us engaged till the last minute".

References

External links 

2023 films
Indian anthology films
2020s Kannada-language films
Films directed by Akash Srivatsa
Films directed by Guru Deshpande
Vidhya Sagar English Secondary School is an educational institution in the 'Kavre' District. It is located in Banepa valley, Sinagal Marga near to the Punyashwor Temple. It was established in 2049 B.S. (1992 A.D.).

Secondary schools in Nepal
Education in Kavrepalanchok District
1992 establishments in Nepal
is a Japanese writer. He has won the Noma Literary New Face Prize, the Izumi Kyōka Prize for Literature, the Itō Sei Literature Prize, and the Mainichi Publishing Culture Award. His work has been translated into English.

Biography
While studying Russian at Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Shimada published a story called  that was nominated for the Akutagawa Prize. The next year he won the 6th Noma Literary New Face Prize for his novel .

 was published in Japan in 1989, with an English translation by Philip Gabriel following in 1992. In her review for The New York Times, Julia Just praised Dream Messenger as "proof that the Japanese novel is taking some fantastic turns in the hands of a new generation of writers." A 2017 retrospective review by Stephen Mansfield of The Japan Times described Dream Messenger as "existential novel that manages to remain firmly grounded within the parameters of a compelling narrative." The same year that Dream Messenger was published in English, Shimada won the 20th Izumi Kyōka Prize for Literature for , a parody of Natsume Sōseki's novel Kokoro.

Shimada wrote the libretto for Shigeaki Saegusa's opera Chūshingura, which Werner Herzog directed in its 1997 Tokyo debut.

Shimada directed and performed in his own play Yurariumu (Ulalium) in 1990. His Japanese translation of Steve Erickson's Rubicon Beach appeared in 1991.

In 2016 Shimada won the 70th Mainichi Publishing Culture Award for his novel .

Recognition
 1984: 6th Noma Literary New Face Prize
 1992: 20th Izumi Kyōka Prize for Literature
 2006: 17th Itō Sei Literature Prize
 2016: 70th Mainichi Publishing Culture Award
 2022: Medal with Purple Ribbon

Bibliography
  (Kodansha, 1984). Music for a Somnambulant Kingdom
  (Kodansha, 1989). Dream Messenger, trans. Philip Gabriel (Kodansha, 1992, )
Miira ni naru made (1990). Until I Am a Mummy
 Armadillo (Shinchosha, 1991), 
  (Fukutake Shoten, 1992, )
Jiyū shikei (自由死刑) (1999). Death by Choice, trans. Meredith McKinney (Thames River Press, 2013, )
 , Kodansha, 2015,

References

External links
Masahiko Shimada at J'Lit Books from Japan 
Synopsis of Death By Choice (Jiyu shikei) at JLPP (Japanese Literature Publishing Project) 
Interview with Shimada

1961 births
20th-century Japanese novelists
21st-century Japanese novelists
Living people
International Writing Program alumni
Recipients of the Medal with Purple Ribbon
Rear Admiral Sarah Edith Sharkey,  is an Australian physician, medical administrator, and a senior officer in the Royal Australian Navy. She has been Commander Joint Health Command and Surgeon General of the Australian Defence Force since 2 December 2019.

While holding the rank of captain, Sharkey was awarded a Conspicuous Service Cross in the 2014 Queen's Birthday Honours for "outstanding achievement as the Director of Clinical Governance and Projects and Australian Defence Force Health Services Project Transition Lead". She was appointed as a Member of the Order of Australia in the 2020 Queen's Birthday Honours "for exceptional service to the Australian Defence Force in the management of health care".

Personal life
Sharkey is married to Frank and has four children.

References

Living people
Australian military doctors
University of Queensland alumni
Royal Australian Navy admirals
Women in the Australian military
Year of birth missing (living people)
Recipients of the Conspicuous Service Cross (Australia)
 Members of the Order of Australia
Lendrum is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bob Lendrum (born 1948), New Zealand rugby union player
J. Tom Lendrum (born 1927), American politician
Naif Eisa Al-Dhefiri (; born 25 February 1982) is a Saudi professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder or a central defender.

External links

References

1982 births
Living people
Saudi Arabian men's footballers
Al Batin FC players
Saudi First Division League players
Saudi Pro League players
Saudi Second Division players
Saudi Fourth Division players
Men's association football defenders
Men's association football midfielders
Miss America 1963, the 36th Miss America pageant, was held at the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey on September 8, 1962 and was broadcast on CBS.

Eight years later, winner Jacquelyn Mayer of Ohio suffered a near-fatal stroke at age 28. She spent years in rehabilitation, and thereafter dedicated herself to volunteer work with stroke patients.

Results

Order of announcements

Top 10

Top 5

Awards

Preliminary awards

Other awards

Contestants

References

External links
 Miss America official website

1963
1962 in the United States
1963 beauty pageants
1962 in New Jersey
September 1962 events in the United States
Events in Atlantic City, New Jersey
The Confederation of Australian Sport (CAS) is the highest national body for sport in Australia. It was established in 1976 to advance the interests of the Australian sports community and to give the industry a united voice in discussions and negotiations with governments and key stakeholders. The organization was founded by 42 individual sporting organizations. By 1985, the organization had 123 affiliates. These organizations represent 5.8 million Australians.

In November 2009, CAS announced that it was stepping back from its role as an advocate and governing body for the Australian sports industry.

References

Bibliography

External links
Confederation of Australian Sport
Australasian Masters Games
Australian Sport Awards

Sports organizations established in 1976

1976 establishments in Australia