Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Calliteara abietis is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found from northern and central Europe, through Russia to Japan.

The wingspan is 35–52 mm.

The larvae feed on Picea abies, Larix sibirica and Juniperus communis.

Subspecies
Calliteara abietis abietis
Calliteara abietis argentata (Japan,…)

External links
Image of Larva
Norwegian Lepidoptera
Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa
Fauna Europaea

Lymantriinae
Moths of Europe
Moths of Asia
Moths described in 1775
Rho Herculis (ρ Her, ρ Herculis) is a double star in the constellation of Hercules. The apparent magnitudes of the components are 4.510 and 5.398, respectively. Parallax measurements published in Gaia Data Release 2 put the system at some 360-390 light-years (111-121 parsecs) away.

The two stars of Rho Herculis are separated by four arcseconds, and are known as Rho Herculis A and B, respectively. A is an A-type giant star, while B is a B-type subgiant star. They are also referred to, rarely, as Rho1 Herculis and Rho2 Herculis.  Rho Herculis A is itself a close binary which has been resolved using speckle interferometry, with the two components separated by .

The two visual components have very similar spectral types, between A0 and B9.  Rho Herculis A is generally assigned a giant luminosity class, with Rho Herculis B most often considered to be a main sequence star.  Rho Herculis A has been considered to be an Ap star, with unusually strong silicon or mercury and manganese absorption lines in its spectrum, but this is now considered to be dubious.

References

Hercules (constellation)
A-type giants
B-type subgiants
Double stars
Herculis, Rho
Herculis, 075
Durchmusterung objects
157778 9
085112
6484 5
The Coffee County School District is a public school district in Coffee County, Georgia based in Douglas. It serves the communities of Ambrose, Broxton, Douglas, Nicholls, and West Green. The district is a Charter School System and was recognized as Georgia's Charter System of the Year for 2018. It operates eight elementary schools, one middle school, George Washington Carver Freshman Campus, Coffee High School and the Wiregrass Regional College and Career Academy. The vision of the Coffee County Schools is “Creating a Stronger Community through an Equitable and Excellent Education for Every Student”.

Most of Coffee County is in this school district. However there are two separate municipal systems: Elba City School District and Enterprise City School District. Additionally, Fort Rucker residents are within the Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) system instead of the county system, for elementary school. Students on-post in Fort Rucker beyond the elementary level may attend non-DoDEA schools for secondary levels, with an on-post family choosing one of the following three options: Enterprise City, Daleville City School System, or Ozark City Schools.

Schools
The Coffee County School District has eight elementary schools, one middle school, one ninth grade academy and two high schools.

Elementary schools
Ambrose Elementary School
Broxton-Mary Hayes Elementary School
Eastside Elementary School
Indian Creek Elementary
Nicholls Elementary School
Satilla Elementary School
West Green Elementary School
Westside Elementary School

Middle school
Coffee Middle School

High school
Coffee High School
George Washington Carver Freshman Campus
Wiregrass Regional College and Career Academy

References

External links
 
 Coffee County Schools on Facebook

School districts in Georgia (U.S. state)
Education in Coffee County, Georgia
A retarder is a chemical agent that slows down a chemical reaction. For example, retarders are used to slow the chemical reaction hardening of plastic materials such as wallboard, concrete, and adhesives.

Sugar water acts as a retarder for the curing of concrete. It can be used to retard the chemical hardening of the surface, so that the top layer can be washed off to expose the underlying aggregate.

See also
Accelerant

References 

Chemical reactions
El Llano is a corregimiento in Chepo District, Panamá Province, Panama with a population of 2,819 as of 2010. Its population as of 1990 was 12,393; its population as of 2000 was 2,839.

References

Corregimientos of Panamá Province
Redmond may refer to:

Redmond (name)
 Redmond Linux, a computer operating system from the former Lycoris (company)

Places

United States
 Redmond, Oregon
 Redmond, Utah
 Redmond, Washington
 John Redmond Reservoir, Kansas, USA

Elsewhere
 Ballyredmond (Redmond's Town), a townland in County Carlow, Ireland
 Redmond, Western Australia, a townsite and train station in the Great Southern region

Companies
 "Redmond" is sometimes used as a metonym for Microsoft Corporation, due to its headquarters being in Redmond, Washington.

See also
 Redmon (disambiguation)
Alexander Serge Lourie CF (born 22 February 1946) is a former Leader of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, where he was a local government councillor from 1982 to 2010.  He was Chairman of the United Kingdom Housing Trust, Kingston Hospital NHS Trust and Sanctuary Housing Association. He has also been the General Secretary of Help the Aged and a board member of the London Pensions Fund Authority and the Notting Hill Housing Trust.

Early life and education
Lourie was born on 22 February 1946. He is of Russian extraction and is the great-grandson of  Lev Philippovitch Wolkenstein. His mother was Anna Rootchenko. He was educated at St Paul's School, London and Worcester College, Oxford (1965–68), graduating from the University of Oxford with a degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics.

Career
Lourie qualified as a chartered accountant with Cooper Brothers in 1971 (now PricewaterhouseCoopers). He was a Labour Party member of Westminster City Council (1971–74) and the Greater London Council member for Hornchurch (1973–77) where he was chair of scrutiny and vice-chair of finance.

He was elected as an SDP–Liberal Alliance councillor for Kew on Richmond upon Thames London Borough Council in 1982, becoming a Liberal Democrat following the merger of the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and the Liberal Party in 1988. In 1990, he was re-elected as a Liberal Democrat. Lourie spent fourteen years as Leader, and also served as Deputy Leader and Leader of the Opposition. He lost his seat in 2010.

In 1989 he was awarded a fellowship by the Winston Churchill Memorial Trust. From 1990 and 1994 he chaired the London Boroughs Grants Committee, awarding grants of around £29m to the voluntary sector in Greater London.  He was a board member of the London Tourist Board where he deputised for the chairman, Sir John Egan. He chaired the Independent Panel on members' remuneration for the Association of Police Authorities and was a member of the Metropolitan Police Committee.

He is a board member of Richmond Charities and of Kew Community Trust as well as chairing Poems in the Waiting Room, a British charity providing poetry cards to doctors' waiting rooms in England and Wales.  He was a patron of Cultural Co-operation, a charity that ran world music festivals.

In 2015, he was appointed Chairman of the Charity Appeal Committee of Kingston Hospital to raise £750,000 to improve the treatment of patients with dementia.

Personal life
He lives in Kew, Greater London and is married with two children.  He is a regular runner, having completed five marathons, and he runs frequently in the Richmond Park parkrun.

References

1946 births
Living people
Alumni of Worcester College, Oxford
British people of Russian descent
Councillors in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames
Leaders of local authorities of England
Liberal Democrats (UK) councillors
Members of the Greater London Council
People educated at St Paul's School, London
Labour Party (UK) councillors
Councillors in the City of Westminster
Ngozi Nwosu (born 1 August 1963) is a veteran Nigerian actress and producer. She began her acting career in Yoruba-language films, before making her home-video debut in Living in Bondage, an Igbo-language film considered to begin the video film era of Cinema of Nigeria.

Personal life 
A native of Arochukwu in Abia State, Southeastern Nigeria, Nwosu was born 1 August 1963. She grew up in Lagos. Her father, a Biafran veteran was killed during the Nigeria Civil War. Nwosu is fluent in Igbo, Yoruba and English languages. She had her primary education at St. Paul Anglican School, Idi Oro. She then proceeded to Maryland Comprehensive High School, Ikeja, and concluded her high school at East Rosary High School. Her professional acting training under the leadership of Reverend Fabian Oko was done at Royal Theatre Art Club School.  In 2012, she took ill, which affected her career. The diagnosis was reported to be related to a kidney disease. She eventually got treatment abroad through government and some organizations.

Career 
She began her acting career while attending acting classes in school, most of which were done in Yoruba. She played "Madam V boot" in the television series, Ripples. While on set in Living in Bondage, Nwosu is attributed as being the first actress to kiss on set during her romantic session with Kenneth Okonkwo. She is also known for playing "Peace" in sitcom, Fuji House of Commotion (created by Amaka Igwe). Her character was the second wife of Chief T. A. Fuji, often shown as his favourite. In 2018, she played "Ene" in Nigerian animation film Sade. Her character is a woman who didn't utilize what she has until she lost it. According to her, everyone can identify with the film because of its comedic tone. She was the producer of Evil Passion, Stainless and the radio show, Onga. Speaking on female sexual harassment in the industry, Ngozi Nwosu explained that it could be fine when producers make sexual advances toward an actress, but she considers it more demeaning when the actress seduces the producer. She also stated that every actress has the right to say no to anything that is not comfortable for them. She has also featured in music videos for Chidinma Ekile, Fair Prince and Davido. She is also on set for Ndani.

Filmography 
Light in the Dark (2018), is a feature film featuring Joke Silvia, Rita Dominic, Angel Unigwe among others. She also featured in The Silent Baron and Crazy Grannies.

See also
 List of Nigerian actors
 List of Nigerian film producers

References

External links 
 

Living people
1963 births
20th-century Nigerian actresses
21st-century Nigerian actresses
Nigerian film actresses
Nigerian film producers
Nigerian women film producers
Igbo actresses
Yoruba actresses
Actresses from Abia State
Sequoia High School can refer to:
Sequoia High School (Redwood City, California)
Sequoia High School (Visalia, California)
Sequoia High School (Everett, Washington)

See also
 Sequoyah High School (disambiguation)
The Laurel District is a diverse residential and commercial neighborhood in Oakland, California. encompassing the blocks northeast of Interstate 580 between High Street and 35th Avenue.  It lies at an elevation of 226 feet (69 m), and is bordered by the Allendale neighborhood to the west, the Redwood Heights neighborhood to the east, the Dimond District to the north, and the Maxwell Park neighborhood to the south. At the heart of the neighborhood lies MacArthur Blvd., a bustling shopping area with annual festivals and many local shops.

History

The Laurel district traces its name to the Laurel Grove Park residential tract, which was laid out in 1900 at the north end of the district's contemporary boundaries. Originally named Key Route Heights after the Key Route streetcar system, the neighborhood adopted the Laurel name after the city of Oakland built Laurel Elementary School in 1910.

The prominent Laurel Gateway Arches over MacArthur Blvd at either end of the district were designed and installed in 2006.

MacArthur Blvd., which runs through the Laurel district, was once U.S. Highway 50, before Interstate 580 was built to replace it in the early 1960s.  Two movie houses in Laurel were in operation from the 1920s until the 1960s.  The Laurel Theater is now a church. The Hopkins Cinema at 3525 MacArthur now houses a Goodwill  thrift store and an AutoZone auto parts store. Earlier (around the 1950s) it was a Hagstroms supermarket.

Education
The Oakland Unified School District operates district public schools. Laurel Elementary School is located in Laurel. Residents are also zoned to Bret Harte Middle School and Skyline High School.

At the southeast end of the Laurel neighborhood lies the John Swett School site, now home to The Urban Montessori Charter School. John Swett School, which closed in 2004, is notable as the elementary school alma mater of actor Tom Hanks.

See also

Dimond District, Oakland
Maxwell Park, Oakland
Redwood Heights, Oakland

References

External links
Laurel District Association - Neighborhood Association for residents and merchants
Laurel Village Association - Volunteer Neighbors Association for Laurel Residents

Neighborhoods in Oakland, California
Streetcar suburbs
The bee tribe Ctenoplectrini of the subfamily Apinae, with the two genera Ctenoplectra and Ctenoplectrina, comprises 9 species in tropical Africa, 10 in Asia, and 1 in Australia.

Description
The Ctenoplectrini are characterised by short tongues, modified scopae and large comb-like tibial spurs adapted to collect and carry a mixture of floral oils and pollen. The unusual morphology has made it difficult to infer their closest relatives, in turn preventing an understanding of these bees’ geographic and temporal origin and had led early authors to place them in their own family Ctenoplectridae. Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses find Ctenoplectrini to be monophyletic and closest to the long-horned bees, Eucerini.

Most of the tribe's species collect floral oil, pollen, and nectar from a few genera of the family Cucurbitaceae. However, three species are thought to be kleptoparasites.

Kleptoparasitic species
The presumably kleptoparasitic species form a clade (Ctenoplectrina) that is sister to the remaining genus (Ctenoplectra), confirming the independent evolution of kleptoparasitism in this tribe.

Tree topology and molecular dating together suggest that Ctenoplectrini originated in Africa in the Early Eocene and that Ctenoplectra dispersed twice from Africa to Asia, sometime in the Late Eocene, 30–40 million years ago. From Asia one species reached the Australian continent via Indonesia and New Guinea in the mid-Miocene, circa 13 million years ago. Dry and cool mid-Miocene climates also coincide with the divergence between Ctenoplectra bequaerti from West Africa, and Ctenoplectra terminalis from East Africa and Southern Africa, perhaps related to fragmentation of the equatorial African rainforest belt.

Nests are known from few species only, which use existing small holes in wood and stone or old nests of other bees, which they provision with a mixture of pollen and floral oil, exclusively gathered from plants of a few genera of the family Cucurbitaceae.

References

Michener, C.D. (2000). The Bees of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press.
Stefan Vogel (1990). "Ölblumen und ölsammelnde Bienen. Dritte Folge. Momordica, Thladiantha und die Ctenoplectridae". Trop. u. Subtrop. Pflanzenwelt 73:1-186.
 Hanno Schaefer & S. S. Renner (2008). "A phylogeny of the oil bee tribe Ctenoplectrini (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) based on mitochondrial and nuclear data: Evidence for Early Eocene divergence and repeated out-of-Africa dispersal". Molecular phylogenetics and Evolution 47(2): 799–811. 

Apinae
Bee tribes
Lodewyk van Bercken (also known in French as Louis de Berquem) was a mid- to late-15th century Flemish jeweller and diamond cutter, renowned in the industry for inventing the scaif. The device revolutionized the diamond cutting industry and contributed to increased popularity of diamonds.

Van Bercken was born in Bruges. He is credited with inventing the scaif, a polishing wheel infused with a mixture of olive oil and diamond dust. With the scaif, it became possible to polish all the facets of the diamond symmetrically at angles that best reflected the light.

Charles the Bold

Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy became the patron of van Bercken and in the 1470s commissioned him to cut a 137 carat (27.4 g) stone that later became known as the Florentine Diamond. Van Bercken experimented with three diamonds belonging to Charles the Bold. One stone was the Beau Sancy, another became the property of Pope Sixtus V, and the third was given by Charles to Louis XI. Later Charles the Bold also sent one of his favorite jewels to be recut, which is now known as the Sancy Diamond.

Legacy

Diamonds became popular as ornaments in jewelry in the 1400s and the different techniques and styles of diamond cuts were gradually developed over many years.

Lodewyk van Bercken was a Flemish diamond polisher who invented the scaif. This ingenious polishing wheel enabled him to quickly cut facets into diamonds with precision. The scaif transformed the diamond trade. It opened the doors to the creation of complex diamond cuts which otherwise would have never been possible. The scaif is still used today as an essential tool for the diamond industry in order to create facets on diamonds. In 1475, Lodewyk van Bercken invented the world's first Pear Cut Diamond. He introduced the concept of absolute symmetry in the placement of facets on the stone. His meticulous and precisely studied advancements resulted in the first pear shaped Pendeloque or Briolette-cut, a revolutionary breakthrough on shape, design and cutting excellence.

A bronze statue in commemoration of Lodewyk Van Bercken's contributions to the diamond industry, can be seen at the beginning of Meir Street in Antwerp, Belgium. The statue depicts Lodewyk Van Bercken holding a diamond in his hand with a baby angel floating above. Meir Street is one of the major shopping arteries in Antwerp Belgium, equivalent to New York's 5th Avenue, located a few blocks from Antwerp's famous Diamond District.

References

External links
Diamond cutting. Thank you Lodewyk van Bercken by Jeffrey Blancq. 21 April 2006

15th-century inventors
Burgundian Netherlands businesspeople
Businesspeople from Bruges
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
Place of death unknown
Belgian jewellers
Medieval artisans
Brendan Philip Reidy (born 13 September 1968 in Wellington) is a New Zealand-born Samoan rugby union player. He plays as a prop.

Career
He spent his club career first with the Saracens between 1997 and 1999, then with Rugby Rovigo for two years, and later, with AS Montferrand from 2000 to 2002, when he retired from the playing career. He was part of the 1995 and 1999 Rugby World Cup rosters, where he played for Samoa. He also played the National Provincial Championship in New Zealand for Wellington.

References

External links

Brendan P. Reidy international statistics

1968 births
Living people
Samoan rugby union coaches
Samoan rugby union players
Rugby union players from Wellington City
Samoa international rugby union players
ASM Clermont Auvergne players
Rugby union props
Samoan people of New Zealand descent
New Zealand sportspeople of Samoan descent
Laser-heated pedestal growth (LHPG) or laser floating zone (LFZ) is a crystal growth technique. A narrow region of a crystal is melted with a powerful CO2 or YAG laser. The laser and hence the floating zone, is moved along the crystal. The molten region melts impure solid at its forward edge and leaves a wake of purer material solidified behind it. This technique for growing crystals from the melt (liquid/solid phase transition) is used in materials research.

Advantages
The main advantages of this technique are the high pulling rates (60 times greater than the conventional Czochralski technique) and the possibility of growing materials with very high melting points. In addition, LHPG is a crucible-free technique, which allows single crystals to be grown with high purity and low stress.

The geometric shape of the crystals (the technique can produce small diameters), and the low production cost, make the single-crystal fibers (SCF) produced by LHPG suitable substitutes for bulk crystals in many devices, especially those that use high-melting-point materials. However, single-crystal fibers must have equal or superior optical and structural qualities compared to bulk crystals to substitute for them in technological devices. This can be achieved by carefully controlling the growth conditions.

Optical elements

Until 1980, laser-heated crystal growth used only two laser beams focused over the source material. This condition generated a high radial thermal gradient in the molten zone,  making the process unstable. Increasing the number of beams to four did not solve the problem, although it improved the growth process. 

An improvement to the laser-heated crystal growth technique was made by Fejer et al., who incorporated a special optical component known as a reflaxicon, consisting of an inner cone surrounded by a larger coaxial cone section, both with reflecting surfaces. This optical element converts the cylindrical laser beam into a larger diameter hollow cylinder surface. This optical component allows radial distribution of the laser energy over the molten zone,  reducing radial thermal gradients. The axial temperature gradient in this technique can go as high as 10000 °C/cm, which is very high when compared to traditional crystal growth techniques (10–100 °C/cm).

Convection speed
A feature of the LHPG technique is its high convection speed in the liquid phase due to Marangoni convection. It is possible to see that it spins very fast. Even when it appears to be standing still, it is in fact spinning fast on its axis.

See also

 Crystal structure
 Crystallite
 Crystallization and engineering aspects
 Fractional crystallization
 Micro-pulling-down
 Nucleation
 Protocrystalline
 Recrystallization (metallurgy)
 Seed crystal

References

Crystals
Crystallography
Materials science
Mineralogy
Methods of crystal growth
Tipula lunata is a species of cranefly which is widespread throughout the Palaearctic.

References

External links
Images representing Tipula at BOLD

Tipulidae
Nematoceran flies of Europe
Insects described in 1758
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
José Antonio Pavón Jiménez or José Antonio Pavón (April 22, 1754 in Casatejada, Cáceres, Spain – 1840 in Madrid) was a Spanish botanist known for researching the flora of Peru and Chile.

During the reign of Charles III of Spain, three major botanical expeditions were sent to the New World; Pavón and Hipólito Ruiz López were the botanists for the first of these expeditions, to Peru and Chile from 1777 to 1788. The standard author abbreviation Ruiz & Pav. is used to indicate Pavón and his colleague Ruiz as joint authors when citing a botanical name.

The genus Pavonia was named in his honor by his contemporary, Spanish botanist Antonio José Cavanilles — plants with the specific epithet of pavonii also commemorate his name.

See also
 Botanical Expedition to the Viceroyalty of Peru
 List of taxa named by Ruiz and Pavón

References

Further reading

External links

 Short biography
"Flora Peruviana et Chilensis" Vols. I-III available online at Botanicus.org website
José Antonio Pavón. Polymath Virtual Library, Fundación Ignacio Larramendi

19th-century Spanish botanists
Flora of Chile
 
1754 births
1840 deaths
18th-century Spanish botanists