Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The Chiesa dell'Osservanza (Church of the Observance) or Santa Maria Annunziata dell'Osservanza is a Gothic-style, Roman Catholic church located in Viale Osservanza #198 in Cesena, region of Emilia-Romagna, Italy.

History
A church at the site was erected in 1438 by Malatesta Novello after he defeated of the Ghibelline forces in the town. In 1457, Violanta da Montefeltro, wife of Novello, assigned the church, then dedicated to the Virgin of the Annunciation, and soon granted to the Riformati Friars (Riformati dell' Osservanza), who moved here from the church of Sant'Agostino. The church was consecrated in 1471. The church we see today was restructured starting in 1761 and completed in 1791, using designs by Leandro Marconi the elder. He also oversaw the interior neoclassical decoration.

In 1465, Cardinal Bessarion donated to the church, his collection of choral books (for example, see antiphonary), some of which were transferred to the Biblioteca Malatestiana after the suppression of the convent. 

The facade is simple, made of brick, with an unusual hemicircular round window, and a three arch portico. The interior houses a 16th-century painting of the Madonna della Grazie and The Annunciation by Marcantonio Franceschini. The cloister of the adjacent former convent was designed by Pietro Carlo Borboni. Borboni also played a role in the reconstruction of the church in the 18th century.

References

Roman Catholic churches in Cesena
18th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1791
The Bayer designation b Cygni is shared by three stars in the constellation Cygnus:
b1 Cygni (V2008 Cygni), an RS CVn variable
b2 Cygni (V1624 Cygni), a Be star
b3 Cygni (V1644 Cygni), a δ Scuti variable

See also
Albireo (β Cygni)

Cygni, b
Cygnus (constellation)
An aneugen is a substance that causes a daughter cell to have an abnormal number of chromosomes or aneuploidy. A substance's aneugenicity reflects its ability to induce aneuploidy. Unlike clastogens, aneugenic events do not damage the physical structure of the chromosome, but represent a deletion or insertion of an additional copy of a whole chromosome (i.e. with an intact Centromere). Aneugens and clastogens can be differentiated via certain stains, using the technique of Fluorescence in situ hybridization.

People with testicles, if exposed to certain environmental and/or occupational chemical hazards may face an increased risk of spermatozoa aneuploidy.  Tobacco smoke contains chemicals that cause DNA damage (see Tobacco smoking#Health).  Smoking also can induce aneuploidy.  In this study of men with a moderate smoking habit showed an association with increased chromosome 13 disomy in spermatozoa by 3-fold and YY disomy by 2-fold.

Occupational exposure to benzene is associated with a 2.8-fold increase of XX disomy and a 2.6-fold increase of YY disomy in spermatozoa.

Pesticides are released to the environment in large quantities so that most individuals have some degree of exposure.  The insecticides fenvalerate and carbaryl have been reported to increase spermatozoa aneuploidy.  Occupational exposure of pesticide factory workers to fenvalerate is associated with increased spermatozoa DNA damage.  Exposure to fenvalerate raised sex chromosome disomy 1.9-fold and disomy of chromosome 18 by 2.6-fold (Xia et al., 2004).  Exposure of male workers to carbaryl increased DNA fragmentation in spermatozoa, and also increased sex chromosome disomy by 1.7-fold and chromosome 18 disomy by 2.2-fold.

Humans are exposed to perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in many commercial products.  Men contaminated with PFCs in whole blood or seminal plasma have spermatozoa with increased levels of DNA fragmentation and chromosomal aneuploidies.

See also
 Chromosome segregation
 Clastogen
 Non-disjunction

References

Carcinogenesis
Scott Cochran (born March 21, 1979) is an American football coach who is the special teams coordinator for the Georgia Bulldogs. He has won eight national championships throughout his coaching career. He also worked in the NBA as an assistant strength coach for the New Orleans Hornets.

Coaching career

LSU
Scott began his coaching career at his alma mater Louisiana State University where he served as a graduate assistant from 2001 to 2002. In 2003 he was named an assistant strength and conditioning coach for the team and won his first national championship under Nick Saban.

Hornets

The New Orleans native began working for his hometown NBA team the Hornets in 2004 as an assistant strength and conditioning coach and remained there until the end of the 2006–07 season.

Alabama

In 2007 Scott reunited with Saban and became a part of his inaugural Alabama staff as the team's head strength and conditioning coach. There he won an additional five national championships and remained with the team until the end of the 2019 season after growing tension with coach Saban.

Georgia

In 2020 Scott joined Kirby Smart’s Georgia coaching staff as the team's special teams coordinator. Cochran was part of the Georgia staff that won the National Championship in the 2021 season over Alabama. He won his second title with Georgia when they defeated TCU in the National Championship.

Personal life

Scott and his wife Cissy Schepens have three children.

References

1979 births
Living people
Coaches of American football from Louisiana
Louisiana State University alumni
LSU Tigers football coaches
Alabama Crimson Tide football coaches
Georgia Bulldogs football coaches
Bryan or Brian Townsend may refer to:

 Bryan Townsend (American politician) (born 1981), Delaware State Senator
 Bryan Townsend (Irish politician) (1660–1726), Irish politician
 Brian Townsend (poker player) (born 1982), American professional poker player
 Brian Townsend (American football) (born 1968), former American football player
Christopher Ray Chandler (born January 20, 1951) is an American lawyer, politician, and former judge. He is a former Sutter County Superior Court judge, and a former member of the California State Assembly from the 3rd district from 1986 to 1992.

Education
He graduated from University of California, Davis with a Bachelor of Arts in 1973 and from the University of the Pacific McGeorge School of Law with a Juris Doctor in 1976.

Family
He is the son of former Sutter County Supervisor Roger Chandler and Lois Jacqueline Kofahl. His great grandfather was Wilber Fisk Chandler, a five-term member of the California Assembly and one-term member of the California Senate from Fresno County.

Political career
In 1984, he was Sutter County chairman of the Reagan-Bush Campaign.

California Assembly, 3rd district
In 1986, he defeated Democrat Floyd Myers Marsh for the 3rd district assembly seat. In 1988, he defeated Democrat Bruce Conklin and Libertarian Mark Sweany. In 1990, he defeated Democrat Lon Hatamiya. He did not run for reelection in 1992.

Judicial career
In 1993, he was appointed as a judge of the Sutter County Municipal Court. He served as a Superior Court judge from his appointment in 1998 until his retirement on May 31, 2016.

Personal life
He and his wife Cindy have three children.

References

External links 
 Christopher R. Chandler at Judgepedia

1951 births
California state court judges
Living people
McGeorge School of Law alumni
Republican Party members of the California State Assembly
People from Yuba City, California
People from Marysville, California
University of California, Davis alumni
Superior court judges in the United States
Municipal judges in the United States
20th-century American politicians
The Colombian spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps rufiventris) is a subspecies of the Black-headed spider monkey, a type of New World monkey, found in Colombia and Panama.  Some authorities, such as Froelich (1991), Collins and Dubach (2001) and Nieves (2005), do not recognize the Black-headed spider monkey as a distinct species and so treat the Colombian spider monkey as a subspecies of Geoffroy's spider monkey.

The Colombian spider monkey lives in dry forests, humid forests and cloud forests, and can live up to  above sea level. It is entirely black with some white on its chin while the Brown-headed spider monkey (A. f. fusciceps) has a black or brown body and a brown head.

The spider monkey has a black body and long limbs with thumb-less hands.  It has a prehensile and extremely flexible tail, which acts as an extra limb.  The tail has a hairless patch on the tip that is used for grip.  This hairless patch is unique in its markings, just like the human fingerprint.  Colombian spider monkeys can weigh up to 9.1 kg (20 pounds).  Fruit makes up eighty percent of the spider monkey's diet, which also includes leaves, nuts, seeds, bark, insects, and flowers. Spider monkeys contribute to the dispersion of undigested seeds from the fruits they eat. This monkey lives approximately 24 years.

Spider monkeys are found in social groups of up to 30 individuals; however, they are usually broken up into smaller foraging groups of 3-4 individuals.  They move and climb through the forest by hand over hand (brachiation) motion.

References

External links
 Animal Bytes

Primates of Central America
Mammals of Colombia
Spider monkeys
Mammals described in 1872
Taxa named by Philip Sclater
Oscar Ernest "Dutch" Voigt was an American mob boss in Galveston, Texas in the United States, who was involved in bootlegging, illegal gambling, numbers racket, prostitution and other criminal activities during the early 1900s. Voight was called Dutch for Deutsch meaning German. He, with Ollie Quinn, led the Beach Gang, one of the two criminal organisations which controlled most of the Galveston underworld until the mid-1920s. He was of German descent.

Voigt ushered in the modern era of gambling on the island by establishing organized poker games in 1910 and was known as Quinn's  top advisor in the criminal business. He and Quinn soon ran games all over the city.

See also

Free State of Galveston
Johnny Jack Nounes
Ollie Quinn
Rosario Maceo
Sam Maceo
George Musey

Notes

References
 
 

People from Galveston, Texas
American crime bosses
American gangsters
American gangsters of German descent
1888 births
1986 deaths
Crawford Township is a township in Washington County, Iowa, US.

History
Crawford Township was established in the 1840s and Crawford is the name of a family of pioneer settlers.

References

Townships in Washington County, Iowa
Townships in Iowa
1840s establishments in Iowa
National Route 59 is a national highway in South Korea connects Gwangyang to Yangyang County. It was established on 1 July 1996.

Main stopovers
 South Jeolla Province
 Gwangyang
 South Gyeongsang Province
 Hadong County - Sancheong County - Geochang County - Hapcheon County - Geochang County - Hapcheon County
 North Gyeongsang Province
 Seongju County - Gimcheon - Gumi - Sangju - Uiseong County - Yecheon County - Mungyeong
 North Chungcheong Province
 Damyang County
 Gangwon Province
 Yeongwol County - Jeongseon County - Pyeongchang County - Gangneung - Yangyang County

Major intersections

 (■): Motorway
IS: Intersection, IC: Interchange

South Jeolla Province

South Gyeongsang Province

North Gyeongsang Province

North Chungcheong Province

Gangwon Province

References

59
Roads in South Jeolla
Roads in South Gyeongsang
Roads in North Gyeongsang
Roads in North Chungcheong
Roads in Gangwon
Sergei Sergeyevich Davydov (; born 22 July 1985) is a Russian former professional footballer. He played as a striker.

Club career

Dynamo Bryansk
Davydov started his professional career at Russian First Division side Dynamo Bryansk. Though a young talent, after not convincing, he left Dynamo Bryansk

Torpedo Moscow
In the spring of 2008 he Joined Torpedo Moscow. He played a year for the Moscow team, scoring just three goals.

Volgar-Gazprom Astrakhan
In 2009, he joined Volgar-Gazprom Astrakhan. Here he played his best football yet, helping the team to remain in the Russian first division.

Kuban Krasnodar
His good skills got him a move to ambitious club Kuban Krasnodar. In the first year with the team he scored 10 goals helping the team to earn promotion to the Russian Premier League.

Rubin Kazan
On 25 February 2012, Rubin signed a three-year contract with Davydov.

References

External links
 
 

1985 births
Living people
Russian men's footballers
Russian expatriate men's footballers
FC Torpedo Moscow players
FC Volgar Astrakhan players
FC Kuban Krasnodar players
FC Rubin Kazan players
FC Dynamo Moscow players
Russian Premier League players
Kazakhstan Premier League players
Expatriate men's footballers in Kazakhstan
FC Aktobe players
FC KAMAZ Naberezhnye Chelny players
Men's association football forwards
FC Dynamo Bryansk players
FC Ararat Moscow players
Desert cockroach may refer to:

Arenivaga investigata, also known as a desert cockroach
Therea petiveriana, also referred to as a desert cockroach found in southern India

Animal common name disambiguation pages
The Lanyu Flying Fish Cultural Museum () is a museum in Lanyu Township, Taitung County, Taiwan. The museum is located at the Lan En Cultural and Educational Foundation office.

History
With the support from the Council for Cultural Affairs, the museum was established in 2005.

Exhibitions
The museum has the following exhibits:
 Lanyu Artifact Hall
 Traditional Lanyu Houses

Activities
Besides preserving the heritage of the local culture, the museum also promotes the unique Flying Fish Festival as the theme of tourism to create more jobs. It also runs courses such as wood sculpture, fabric weaving and tour guide for the local people. The museum sponsors basketball, Taiwanese chess and traditional singing contests to promote the relationship among the residents.

Transportation
The museum is within walking distance east from Lanyu Airport.

See also
 List of museums in Taiwan

References

2005 establishments in Taiwan
Art museums and galleries in Taiwan
Decorative arts museums
Museums established in 2005
Museums in Taitung County
The CSDA range is a very close approximation to the average distance traveled by a charged particle as it slows down to rest, calculated in the continuous-slowing-down approximation. In this approximation, the rate of energy loss at every point along the track is assumed to be equal to the same as the total stopping power. Energy-loss fluctuations are neglected. The CSDA range is obtained by integrating the reciprocal of the total stopping power with respect to energy.

References

Further reading
 Bichsel, H., Straggling in thin silicon detectors, Rev. Mod. Phys. 60, 3, 663 - 669, 1988

Experimental particle physics
Nuclear physics
Patrick Chan Siu-oi  () is a judge in Hong Kong. He currently serves as a Non-Permanent Judge of the Court of Final Appeal having previously been a Permanent Judge of that court.

Early life, education and legal career
Born in Hong Kong, Chan attended Wah Yan College, Hong Kong, a prominent Jesuit high school in Hong Kong.  He received his Bachelor of Laws ("LLB") degree in 1974 and a Postgraduate Certificate in Laws in 1975 from the University of Hong Kong. He served pupillage under Patrick Yu and was called to the Hong Kong Bar in 1976. He was a barrister in private practice until he joined the Judiciary as a District Judge in 1987.

Judicial career
Between 1987 and 1991, Chan served as judge in District Courts, having been appointed a District Judge on 9 November 1987.  In 1991, he was appointed Deputy Registrar of the Supreme Court.
In 1992, he began serving as a Judge in the Court of First Instance of the High Court of Hong Kong.  

Chan was appointed the first Chief Judge of the High Court in 1997, when British colonial rule in Hong Kong ended and China resumed its sovereignty over the region. He thus became the first locally educated judge to hold that position.  

In 2000, he was appointed a Permanent Judge of the Court of Final Appeal (Hong Kong's court of last resort).  He retired in 2013 and was succeeded by Joseph Fok. He continues to serve as a Non-Permanent Judge of the Court.

During his time on the bench, Chan contributed significantly towards the development of a bilingual legal system, and served on various judicial committees advocating the greater use of Chinese in judicial proceedings and the translation of English judgments.

In February 2021, Chan claimed that there is no absolute separation of powers in Hong Kong, and that "It is more accurate to call it a division of authority."

In May 2023, the Congressional-Executive Commission on China (CECC) of the United States Congress suggested the United States government imposing sanctions on Chan to counter the erosion of democratic freedoms in Hong Kong over his handling of Jimmy Lai's national security law case.

Extra-Judicial Life
From October 2006 to September 2012, Chan was a member of the Law Reform Commission of Hong Kong.

Chan was appointed an Honorary Bencher of the Inner Temple (England and Wales) in 2001. He was conferred Honorary Fellowships by the University of Hong Kong (2003) and the Chinese University of Hong Kong (2011). He was conferred with an Honorary Doctor of Laws degree by the City University of Hong Kong (2008) and an Honorary Doctor of Laws degree by the University of Hong Kong (2011).

In 2013, Chan was awarded the Grand Bauhinia Medal, the highest honour given by the HKSAR Government.

Chan has been recognised for his contributions to legal education in Hong Kong. He was the Chairman of the Joint Examination Board on Postgraduate Certificate in Laws set up to ensure that a common standard would be maintained for postgraduate law students of both the University of Hong Kong and the City University entering the legal profession.

References

Living people
Hong Kong judges
1948 births
British Hong Kong judges
Wilbur Marvin "Moose" Thompson (April 6, 1921 – December 25, 2013) was an American shot putter who won a gold medal at the 1948 Summer Olympics, leading an American sweep of the medals.

While studying at Modesto Junior College, Thompson won the national junior college title in 1939 and 1940. He then served in the US Army during World War II, and in 1946 placed second at the NCAA championships while at USC. He held a world ranking of #6 in 1947, #2 in 1948, #3 in 1949 and #4 in 1950. Thompson graduated with a master's degree in petroleum engineering and later worked in the oil production and at the California State Lands Commission. He died aged 92.

His grandson, McLeod Bethel-Thompson, is a professional quarterback in the USFL.

References

1921 births
2013 deaths
People from Spink County, South Dakota
American male shot putters
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in track and field
Athletes (track and field) at the 1948 Summer Olympics
USC Trojans men's track and field athletes
Track and field athletes from South Dakota
Medalists at the 1948 Summer Olympics
United States Army personnel of World War II
Trevorite is a rare nickel iron oxide mineral belonging to the spinel group. It has the chemical formula NiFe3+2O4. It is a black mineral with the typical spinel properties of crystallising in the cubic system, black streaked, infusible and insoluble in most acids.

There is at least partial solid solution between trevorite and magnetite, with many magnetites from ultramafic rocks containing at least trace amounts of Ni. Fe2+ and Mg2+ may substitute for Ni in trevorite.

Discovery and occurrence
It was first described for an occurrence in the	Bon Accord Nickel Deposit, Bon Accord, Barberton, Mpumalanga, South Africa, in 1921 and was named for Major Tudor Gryffydd Trevor (1865–1954) who was a mining inspector in South Africa.

In the Bon Accord deposit it occurred as a contact deposit between an ultramafic intrusion and a quartzite. In an occurrence at Mount Clifford, Australia, it occurs associated with a nickel sulfide orebody adjacent to a gabbro which intruded peridotite. Associated minerals include nimite, willemseite, nickeloan talc, violarite, millerite, reevesite and goethite at Bon Accord; and with native nickel, heazlewoodite and millerite at Mt. Clifford.

It has also been reported from the Logatchev-1 hydrothermal field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge; in the Hatrurim Formation in the Negev Desert in Israel; the Josephine Creek District, Josephine County, Oregon and the Gabbs District of Nye County, Nevada.

References

Iron(III) minerals
Nickel minerals
Spinel group
Cubic minerals
Minerals in space group 227
Latanne Rene "Tahnee" Welch (born December 26, 1961) is an American model and actress and is the daughter of the late actress Raquel Welch.

Biography
Welch was born on December 26, 1961, in San Diego, California, the daughter of actress Raquel Welch and her first husband, James Welch.

Career
Welch's film career began in Italy starring opposite Virna Lisi. She starred in Ron Howard's Cocoon and its sequel, Cocoon: The Return, in which she portrayed an alien. She played the part of Princess Rosebud in the Golan Globus adaptation of Sleeping Beauty. Returning to Europe, Welch worked mostly in Italian and German film and television productions. She appeared in American independent films I Shot Andy Warhol, Sue, and Search and Destroy. She portrayed the role of Catherine Powell in the 1996 video game Ripper.

Welch posed on the cover and a nude pictorial in the November 1995 edition of Playboy. Welch appeared in American Vogue, Italian Vogue, British GQ, Interview, French Marie Claire, Italian Moda, and German Bunte magazines.

Filmography
Amarsi un po'... (1984)
Cocoon (1985)
Sleeping Beauty (1987)
Lethal Obsession (1987)
Falcon Crest (1987-1988, 4 episodes)
Cocoon: The Return (1988)
Disperatamente Giulia (1989)
La bocca (1990)
L'angelo con la pistola (1992)
The Criminal Mind   (1993)
Night Train to Venice (1993)
Improper Conduct (1994)
Search and Destroy (1995)
I Shot Andy Warhol (1996)
Ripper (1996, interactive movie)
Johnny 2.0 (1997)
Sue (1997)
Black Light  (1999)
Body and Soul (1999)

References

External links

1961 births
Living people
Actresses from San Diego
American people of Bolivian descent
American people of English descent
American female models
American film actresses
Female models from California
Hispanic and Latino American actresses
21st-century American women