Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Chalconatronite is a carbonate mineral and rare secondary copper mineral that contains copper, sodium, carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, its chemical formula is Na2Cu(CO3)2•3(H2O). Chalconatronite is partially soluble in water, and only decomposes, although chalconatronite is soluble while cold, in dilute acids. The name comes from the mineral's compounds, copper ("chalcos" in Greek) and natron, naturally forming sodium carbonate. The mineral is thought to be formed by water carrying alkali carbonates (possibly from soil) reacting with bronze. Similar minerals include malachite, azurite, and other copper carbonates. Chalconatronite has also been found and recorded in Australia, Germany, and Colorado.

Bronze Disease 
Most chalconatronite formed on bronze and silver that have been treated with either sodium sesquicarbonate or sodium cyanide to prevent corrosion and bronze disease. The mineral has also been proven to form on the surface of copper artifacts after being treated with aqueous sodium carbonate. This formation by using sodium sesquicarbonate is undesirable by many antique collectors, as the mineral changes the patinas of copper artifacts. When the mineral forms, it can replace copper salts within the patina, and turn the color from a rich green to a blue-green or even black.

Historical Occurrence 

The mineral was recorded in 1955 on three bronze artifacts from ancient Egypt, which were being held in the Fogg Art Museum at Harvard. Chalconatronite was found inside of two bronze figures (one depicting a seated Sekhmet, and another one depicting a group of cats and kittens) from around the late Nubian Dynasty or early Saite Period. Another chalconatronite specimen was found under a bronze censer from the late Coptic Period. The chalconatronite found on the censer formed over cuprite and some atacamite crystals, which are associated minerals.

Chalconatronite was also found on iron and copper Roman armor in 1982 at a site in Chester, England. Some of the mineral was found on a copper pin in St. Mark's Basilica, Venice and in two different Mayan paintings. Along with pseudomalachite, chalconatronite was found on an illuminated manuscript from the sixteenth century. Synthetic chalconatronite could have possibly been made in ancient China as a form of pigment, named "synthetic malachite". It was made by taking copper oxide and boiling it with white alum in a "sufficient amount of water". After the result is cooled, a natron solution would be added to precipitate a synthetic form of chalconatronite, as sodium copper carbonate.

See also 
 Atacamite
 Cuprite
 Patina
 Botallackite
 Bronze disease

References 

Carbonate minerals
Copper(II) minerals
Corrosion
Minerals
Arthur Cook may refer to:

Arthur Cook (Australian politician) (1883–1945), Australian politician
Arthur Cook (cricketer) (1889–1970), South African cricketer
Arthur Cook (footballer) (1890–?), footballer for Swansea Town and West Bromwich Albion
Arthur Cook (labourer) (1885–1943), New Zealand labourer and trade unionist
Arthur Cook (New Zealand politician) (1886–1943), New Zealand politician
Arthur Cook (sport shooter) (born 1928), U.S. Olympic sport shooter
Arthur Bernard Cook (1868–1952), British classical scholar
A. J. Cook (trade unionist) (1883–1931), British coal miner and trade union leader
Arthur Leonard Cook (born 1912), Australian boxer
Arthur Cook (Pennsylvania), Speaker of the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly in 1689

See also 
Arthur Coke Burnell (1840–1882), pronounced Arthur Cook Burnell, English scholar of Sanskrit
Head in the Clouds II is the second compilation album by musical collective 88rising. It was released through 88rising and 12Tone Music on October 11, 2019. Guest appearances include Chungha, Phum Viphurit, Generations from Exile Tribe, GoldLink, Jackson Wang, Swae Lee, Major Lazer, Rhyme So, and Barney Bones.

Promotion 
On August 17, 2019, 88rising held their "Head in the Clouds" festival for the second year in a row at the Los Angeles State Historic Park. Just three days prior, they released "Indigo" as the first single off their upcoming second iteration of the collaborative album. They announced that the creative design of the album would be led by Japanese sci-fi illustrator Hajime Sorayama and executive production of the album would be led by Joji.

On October 8, 2019, 88rising announced the full track listing with a short promotional video. Along with the track listing, features from artists such as GoldLink, Swae Lee, Generations from Exile Tribe and Major Lazer were mentioned.

Track listing 
Adapted from Apple Music.

Charts

References 

2019 compilation albums
Collaborative albums
88rising albums
is a combat flight simulator video game created by Gaijin Entertainment and published by Konami. It was released in March 2012 for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. The game includes more than one hundred non-fictional planes, twenty historical missions, and hundreds of procedural missions over sixteen different locations, including Pearl Harbor and Wake Island.  It has single player, four player cooperative, and online multiplayer modes. Birds of Steel provided the base work for Gaijin Entertainment's MMO game War Thunder. The game consists of three difficulty settings, which change the way planes are flown: Simplified, an arcade play style, Realistic, a mix between an arcade play style and a simulation play style, and lastly Simulator, in which the planes handle as closely to real life as possible. A.I. difficulty is not affected by the selected play style.

Reception

The Xbox 360 version received "generally favorable reviews", while the PlayStation 3 version received above-average reviews, according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. IGN Australia praised the graphics, sound, gameplay and lasting appeal but said that the presentation lacked a little spark. In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of one nine, one eight, one seven, and one eight for a total of 32 out of 40.

References

External links
 

2012 video games
Gaijin Entertainment games
Konami games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Pacific War video games
PlayStation 3 games
Video games developed in Russia
Video games set in Germany
Video games set in Hawaii
Video games set in Malta
Video games set in Papua New Guinea
Video games set in Russia
Video games set in the Solomon Islands
Video games set in the Soviet Union
Video games set in Ukraine
Video games set in the United Kingdom
Video games set in the United States
Video games set in the 20th century
World War II flight simulation video games
Xbox 360 games
68 Cadogan Square is a Grade II* listed house in Cadogan Square, London SW1.

The house was built in the British Queen Anne Revival style in 1878, and the architect was Richard Norman Shaw. It is now the location of Sussex House School.

It appears in the James Bond movies Skyfall (2012) and Spectre (2015).

References

External links
 
 Sussex House School website

Grade II* listed buildings in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
Grade II* listed houses in London
Houses completed in 1878
Houses in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
Queen Anne architecture in the United Kingdom
Richard Norman Shaw buildings
Ramarama may refer to:
 Ramarama, New Zealand, a community in the Auckland region of New Zealand
 Lophomyrtus bullata, also known as ramarama, a plant native to New Zealand
 Ramarama language, a language of Brazil

See also 
 Rama rama, a species of fish
 Rama Rama, part of the Hare Krishna mantra
{{Infobox election
| election_name     = 2004 United States Senate election in Nevada
| country           = Nevada
| type              = Presidential
| ongoing           = no
| previous_election = 1998 United States Senate election in Nevada
| previous_year     = 1998
| next_election     = 2010 United States Senate election in Nevada
| next_year         = 2010
| election_date     = November 2, 2004

| image1            = 
| nominee1          = Harry Reid
| party1            = Democratic Party (United States)
| popular_vote1     = 494,805
| percentage1       = 61.0%

| image2            = 
| nominee2          = Richard Ziser
| party2            = Republican Party (United States)
| popular_vote2     = 284,640
| percentage2       = 35.1%

| map_image         = 2004 United States Senate election in Nevada results map by county.svg
| map_size          = 230px
| map_caption       = County resultsReid:   Ziser:  
| title             = U.S. Senator
| before_election   = Harry Reid
| before_party      = Democratic Party (United States)
| after_election    = Harry Reid
| after_party       = Democratic Party (United States)
}}

The 2004 United States Senate election in Nevada''' was held on November 2, 2004. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Harry Reid, the Senate Minority Whip, won re-election to a fourth term.

Republican primary

Candidates 
 Richard Ziser, anti-gay marriage activist
 Kenneth A. Wegner, U.S. Army veteran
 Robert Brown
 Royle Melton
 Cherie Tilley, businessman
 Carlo Poliak, perennial candidate

Results

General election

Candidates 
 Thomas Hurst (L)
 Gary Marinch (NL)
 Harry Reid (D), incumbent U.S. Senator
 David Schumann (I)
 Richard Ziser (R), conservative activist

Predictions

Results

Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic 
 Carson City
 Humboldt (largest municipality: Winnemucca)
 Nye (largest municipality: Pahrump)
 Pershing (largest municipality: Lovelock)
 Storey (largest municipality: Virginia City)
 White Pine (largest municipality: Ely)

See also 
 2004 United States Senate elections

References 

2004 Nevada elections
Nevada
2000
The 2015 World Under-17 Hockey Challenge was an ice hockey tournament held in Dawson Creek and Fort St. John, British Columbia, Canada between November 5 and 11.  The World Under-17 Hockey Challenge is held by Hockey Canada annually to showcase young hockey talent from across Canada and other strong hockey countries.

Challenge results

Preliminary round

Group A

Results

Group B

Play Offs

Final standings

External links
Official Website

U-17
U-17
U-17
U-17
U-17
U-17
World U-17 Hockey Challenge
Ice hockey in British Columbia
Jyväskylän Seudun Palloseura (abbreviated JPS) is a sports club from Jyväskylä, Finland. The club was formed in 1962 and their home ground is at the Vehkalammen kenttä.

The men's football team currently plays in the Kolmonen (Third Division). The other main sporting activity run by the club is bandy. Their home ice is Viitaniemen tekojäärata and they play in Bandyliiga, the top league for bandy in Finland.

Bandy

JPS won the Finnish Cup in 2017.

The club has been playing in the national top-tier Bandyliiga for years and played the final for the Finnish Championship in 2014 but lost against Oulun Luistinseura. The club was awarded the bronze medal in 2017. In 2019 the national championship was won for the first time. Their home arena is the Viitaniemen kenttä.

Football

Season to season

Club Structure

Jyväskylän Seudun Palloseura run 1 men's team and 3 boys teams.

2010 season

JPS are competing in the Kolmonen administered by the Itä-Suomi SPL and Keski-Suomi SPL.  This is the fourth highest tier in the Finnish football system.  In 2009 JPS finished in tenth place in the Kolmonen.

JPS II are not running a side in the Vitonen in 2010.

Current squad

Footnotes

References and sources
Official Club Website
Finnish Wikipedia
Suomen Cup

Bandy clubs in Finland
Football clubs in Finland
Sport in Jyväskylä
Bandy clubs established in 1962
Association football clubs established in 1962
1962 establishments in Finland
Marcia Jean Kurtz is an American film, stage, and television actress and director. She has appeared in such films as The Panic in Needle Park, In Her Shoes, and Big Fan, appearing as Miriam Douglas in Dog Day Afternoon and Inside Man. Kurtz won an Obie Award for her performance as Doris in Donald Margulies' The Loman Family Picnic. She was also nominated for both an Obie and a Drama Desk Award for her role in Martin Sherman's When She Danced. Kurtz also directed Matty Selman's Uncle Phillip's Coat and Evan Handler's Time of Fire.

She has appeared several times on the television series Law & Order.

Kurtz is a 1964 graduate of the Juilliard School, where she earned a B.S. degree in dance.

Acting career

Films

Television

Stage

References

External links

American film actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
American theatre directors
American women theatre directors
Jewish theatre directors
Juilliard School alumni
American Jews
Living people
Actresses from the Bronx
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women
The first USS Mariveles was a gunboat in the United States Navy during the Spanish–American War.

A former Spanish unarmored gunboat, Mariveles was laid down in 1886 by Hong Kong and Whampoa Dock Company, Hong Kong; purchased by the War Department in 1898; transferred to the Navy on 2 May 1899; and commissioned 17 June 1899, Lt. (jg.) J. W. Oman in command.

Service history
Departing Cavite shortly after commissioning, Mariveles steamed for the southern Philippines to patrol off the coasts of Leyte, Cebu, and Samar. Cooperating with the Army in suppressing the Filipino insurgents in the Philippine–American War, the gunboat served in this area for six months, and then saw duty as a convoy escort and artillery support vessel during the Kobbes Expedition against forces on Luzon in January 1900. In February, following patrol duty off the eastern coast of Luzon, the ship returned to Manila for overhaul at Cavite Navy Yard.

She decommissioned there in early March. Mariveles recommissioned briefly from 16 to 22 August to act as a ferryboat for the Army in Manila Bay, and then was placed in ordinary at Cavite.

The gunboat returned to active service on 1 May 1901, and sailed on 22 May, via Cebu, for Iloilo, Panay. She patrolled off the coast of that island and Samar cooperating with Army units ashore, protecting American lives, and suppressing piracy.

The gunboat was decommissioned on 8 August 1901 at Cavite and was held in reserve at the Navy Yard, serving intermittently as a ferry in Manila Bay, until stricken from the Navy list on 8 June 1908. She was sold to Faustino Lichauce on 2 January 1909.

References

External links
Mariveles

Gunboats of the United States Navy
Philippine–American War ships of the United States
Ships built in China
1898 ships
Ships built by the Hong Kong & Whampoa Dock Company
Saberah Malik is a textile artist and sculptor living in Warwick, Rhode Island.

Early life and education 
Malik grew up in Pakistan. Malik came to the United States in 1975.  She is the granddaughter of Abdul Majeed Khwaja and the niece of Jamal Khwaja.

Work 
Malik's work has been featured in galleries and exhibitions in Rhode Island and internationally, including installations at the TF Green Airport Gallery in Warwick, Rhode Island, Hera Gallery in Wakefield, Rhode Island, the Three Rivers Art Festival in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and the Islamic Art Revival Series in Irving, Texas. She has also been on the teaching faculty of the textile department at the Penland School of Crafts.

Technique 
Much of Malik's work stems from her training in shibori dyeing techniques. In addition to dyeing textiles, Malik molds textiles onto natural and man-made forms to create sculptures. She also creates what she calls "written paintings," two dimensional painted sculptures inspired by Islamic calligraphy. Her calligraphy appears in Daniyal Mueenuddin's short story collection In Other Rooms, Other Wonders.

Bibliography

Works featuring art by Malik 
 Dimensional Cloth:Sculpture by Contemporary Textile Artists  by Andra Stanton (2018) 
 Pattern Base by Kristi O'Meara (2015)

References

External links 
 Documentary on Malik (2013), Networks Rhode Island

Artists from Rhode Island
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Kuala Lumpur International Book Fair (KLIBF) is an annual book fair held in Malaysia since 1981. It initially moved between locations until the World Trade Centre Kuala Lumpur became its official venue. The fair was initiated by the Ministry of Education Malaysia through the Majlis Buku Kebangsaan Malaysia () with support from local businesses.

History 
After 1972 was designated International Book Year by UNESCO, various literary exhibitions ran by book publishers were initiated to promote reading. In Malaysia, small-scale exhibitions were done individually by different publication companies scattered across the country until 1975.

In 1976, the Malaysian Book Publishers Association (MABOPA) suggested a centralized exhibition for all the book publishers in Malaysia to improve marketability. The "National Book Exhibition" as it was called  was then held at the Kuala Lumpur Chinese Assembly (KLCAH).

It was renamed to the "Malaysian Book Festival" in 1982, and was officially launched at Tunku Canselor Hall, University of Malaya. After that, the venue for the event was changed to Changkat Pavilion, Kuala Lumpur in 1988.

In 1991, the exhibition was relocated to the World Trade Centre Kuala Lumpur and was renamed "Kuala Lumpur International Book Fair" in order to accommodate the role international publishers played in supplying books for the event. The fair has since been held there, except in 2016 where the event was held at the Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang (MAEPS) instead. This was criticized by event organizers due to its location having poor accessibility in transportation and lack of public utilities.

The number of visitors at the KLIBF peaked at 2.4 million in 2014, and in recent years at least 1 million visitors participated in the event annually.

2020s 
The KLIBF was not held in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022, at least 1.36 million visitors participated in the event, exceeding the earlier expectation of 700,000 visitors.

The 40th event was held from 26 May to 3 June 2023, and was launched in the presence of prime minister Anwar Ibrahim. TikTok was reported to have played an important role in promoting the venue to younger generations. Various international publishing companies such as Oxford University Press, Elsevier, John Wiley participated in the event.

Reference

External 

 

1981 establishments in Malaysia
Book fairs in Malaysia
Annual events in Malaysia
Andrea Veroli (died 1478) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as bishop of Camerino (1464–1478),
bishop of Muro Lucano (1463–1464),
bishop of Urbino (1452–1463),
bishop of Boiano (1439–1452),
and bishop of Conversano (1437–1439).

Biography
Veroli was appointed on 29 April 1437, during the papacy of Pope Eugene IV, as bishop of Conversano, and then as bishop of Boiano on 25 September 1439.  This was followed by an appointment as bishop of Urbino on 11 September 1452, during the papacy of Pope Nicholas V; when Pope Pius II, Veroli was appointed bishop of Muro Lucano on 26 May 1463.  Finally, Veroli was appointed bishop of Camerino on 8 October 1464 during the papacy of Pope Paul II, a position in which Veroli served until death, in 1478.

While bishop, Veroli was the principal co-consecrator of Thomas Scrope, auxiliary bishop of Norwich (1450); and Johann Goldener, auxiliary bishop of Bamberg (1451).

References

External links and additional sources
 (for Chronology of Bishops) 
 (for Chronology of Bishops) 
 (for Chronology of Bishops) 
 (for Chronology of Bishops) 
 (for Chronology of Bishops) 
 (for Chronology of Bishops) 
 (for Chronology of Bishops) 
 (for Chronology of Bishops) 
 (for Chronology of Bishops) 
 (for Chronology of Bishops)

Books

15th-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops
Bishops appointed by Pope Eugene IV
Bishops appointed by Pope Nicholas V
Bishops appointed by Pope Pius II
Bishops appointed by Pope Paul II
1478 deaths
This was the first edition of the tournament.

Fabiano de Paula and Mohamed Safwat won the title, defeating Richard Becker and Élie Rousset in the final, 6–2, 3–6, [10–6].

Seeds

Draw

Draw

References
 Main Draw

Morocco - Mohammedia - Doubles
2014 - Doubles
Mohammedia - Doubles
Qalet Marku Battery (), also known as D'Orbeau Battery (), was an artillery battery in Baħar iċ-Ċagħaq, limits of Naxxar, Malta. It was built in 1715–1716 by the Order of Saint John as one of a series of coastal fortifications around the Maltese Islands. The battery has been largely destroyed, but some remains can still be seen.

History
Qalet Marku Battery was built in 1715–1716 as part of the first building programme of coastal batteries in Malta. The nearest fortifications to the battery were Saint Mark's Tower to the north, Qalet Marku Redoubt to the west (now demolished) and Baħar iċ-Ċagħaq Redoubt to the east. Construction of the battery cost 1165 scudi.

The battery originally consisted of a pentagonal gun platform with an embrasured parapet wall. A rectangular blockhouse was located in the centre of the battery, while the entire structure was surrounded by a rock-hewn ditch.

The battery was still in good condition until the first half of the 20th century. It seems to have been severely damaged before or during World War II. At this point, a concrete bunker was built on one side of the ruined battery.

Present day
Today, only the ditch and part of the scarp wall are still visible, although they are covered in vegetation. Despite this, the site is considered to have significant archaeological potential if properly excavated and studied.

References

External links

National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands

Batteries in Malta
Hospitaller fortifications in Malta
Military installations established in 1715
Buildings and structures demolished in the 20th century
Ruins in Malta
Naxxar
Limestone buildings in Malta
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
18th-century fortifications
1715 establishments in Malta
18th Century military history of Malta
FIMALAC (known as Financière Marc de Lacharrière) is a French holding company focusing on credit rating and risk management companies. It manages commercial real estate through North Colonnade Ltd, and private equity funds through its subsidiary Fimalac Développement.

History
FIMALAC was created by Marc Ladreit de Lacharrière in 1991. He serves as the CEO, and holds 100% of the shares of the FIMALAC Group, that holds ~80% of FIMALAC. It is headquartered in Paris. It operates in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, France and other members of the European Union, Asia, and South America.

In 2005, FIMALAC acquired Algorithmics Inc., which it sold to IBM in October 2011. That year, it acquired 40% of Groupe Lucien Barrière.

In 2018, FIMALAC sold its last 20% of Fitch Ratings to Hearst Communications.

Divisions

FIMALAC operates in the real estate sector, mainly through North Colonnade Ltd.  North Colonnade owns a major office building project in the prestigious Canary Wharf district of London set to open in 2009. Part of the building will be occupied by Fitch Group. This 320,000 sq ft property is expected to generate recurring revenues for Fimalac over a long period.

The company has a diversified investment portfolio through its Fimalac Développement subsidiary.  The private equity fund acquires stakes in competitive companies with growth potential. Fimalac owns stakes in companies such as Stadôme, Auguri Productions, and a 34% interest in Groupe Lucien Barrière from Accor.

 Webedia Group (fr), founded in France in 2007, is a subsidiary of FIMALAC since 2013. It specializes in online publishing and now operates in multiple countries. Webedia properties include: PureMédias, Overblog, IGN France, Terrafemina, AlloCiné, Jeuxvideo.com in France; GamePro Germany (de), IGN Deutschland, GameStar, Moviepilot.de in Germany; GetHero, Gry-Online.pl and Gamepressure.com in Poland; IGN España, 3DJuegos, Vizz Agency in Spain; Boxoffice Pro in the United States; and other local versions of Vizz Agency, IGN, 3DJuegos, Allociné, etc. in Brazil, Latin America, Turkey, Saudi Arabia.

References

External links
Official website

Holding companies of France
Financial services companies established in 1991
Companies based in Paris
French companies established in 1991