Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The German Commission E is a scientific advisory board of the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices formed in 1978. The commission gives scientific expertise for the approval of substances and products previously used in traditional, folk and herbal medicine.

The commission became known beyond Germany in the 1990s for compiling and publishing 380 monographs evaluating the safety and efficacy of herbs for licensed medical prescribing in Germany. The monographs were published between 1984 and 1994 in the Bundesanzeiger; they have not been updated since then but are still considered valid. A summary of the publications is available on the website of the commission; unofficial copies of the monographs are available at the Heilpflanzen-Welt Bibliothek. 
The monographs are a collection of official documents compiled over nearly two decades by a committee composed of twenty four scientific experts that was set up in 1978 to evaluate the safety and efficacy of herbal medicines by reviewing the extant literature.

There is an English translation by the American Botanical Council.

Criticism concerning the American version of the monographs
The Commission E monographs were imported into the United States with considerable fanfare in 1998 by The American Botanical Council. They were unequivocally endorsed in a foreword by Varro Eugene Tyler, a professor of pharmacognosy at Purdue University. Tyler states in his foreword that "...safety data were reviewed by the Commissioners according to a "doctrine of absolute proof" and efficacy according to a "doctrine of reasonable certainty." 

The 1998 book mentioned 10 but omitted 11 possible fatal reactions to the medicines described.

"All [of the monographs] lack literature references. . .."

One critic of Commission E is Jonathan Treasure, a UK-licensed medical herbalist and author of numerous herbalism monographs.

Treasure's lengthy review (31 K) claims that "The failure to include verifiable scientific primary sources necessarily places the entire Commission E Monograph corpus irredeemably outside the most elementary accepted standards of academic requirements for rigorous scientific publications."

References

External links
 English list of monographs
 German list of monographs
 Google Books version of the monographs in English

Biologically based therapies
Medical manuals
Legal history of Germany
Alternative medicine publications
A spectral glide is a music-composition concept, consisting of a "modification of the vowel quality of a tone" (Erickson 1975, p. 72). Since the vowel quality of a tone is determined by the overtones, spectrum, or timbre of that tone (all three terms describe approximately the same hearing experience), a spectral glide is a move from a spectrum characteristic of one vowel to a spectrum characteristic of another vowel. A spectral glide may be accomplished through a wah-wah, mute, or pedal, or through the modification of one's vocal tract while speaking, singing, or playing an instrument such as the didgeridoo.  Lip-vibrated instruments with large mouthpieces such as tuba and trombone allow extensive modification of vowel quality, while woodwinds have a smaller range, with the exception of the flute in air-sound mode. Strings have the smallest range (Erickson 1975, p. 72).

The glide rate and the vowel contrasts used are important factors in the compositional use of spectral glides. Karlheinz Stockhausen specifies the use of a trumpet wa-wa mute in his Punkte (1952/1962/64/66/93) through open and closed circles connected by a line. A. Wayne Slawson's computer-generated Wishful Thinking about Winter (Decca DL 710180) uses speechlike sounds featuring a large range of spectral glide rates. Loren Rush began investigating in 1967 the computer-generated modeling of timbres "in between" familiar instruments such as a bassoon and bass clarinet, and devised a program to provide a smooth transition between timbres (Erickson 1975, p. 73).

See also 
Wah-wah pedal 
Muted trumpet 
Subtractive synthesis

Sources 
Erickson, Robert (1975). Sound Structure in Music. University of California Press. .

Musical performance techniques
Vowels
Timbre
Herbert Young may refer to:

Herbert J. Young, athlete
Herbert Young (politician), see List of foreign ministers in 1994

See also
Bert Young (disambiguation)
Leo Englund (born 16 April 1991) is a Swedish footballer who plays for Gefle IF as a forward.

References

External links

1991 births
Living people
Men's association football forwards
Swedish men's footballers
Allsvenskan players
Superettan players
Ettan Fotboll players
Skellefteå FF players
GIF Sundsvall players
Umeå FC players
Sandvikens IF players
Gefle IF players
Edward John Megarr (March 20, 1927 – January 12, 2019) was a major general in the United States Marine Corps who served as commanding general of the 4th Marine Division.

Megarr retired in August 1982. He died in Napa, California on January 12, 2019, at the age of 91.

References

1927 births
2019 deaths
United States Marine Corps generals
People from Brooklyn
Anne Therese Johnsen is a Norwegian sport wrestler.

Biography
Johnsen won a silver medal at the 1987 World Wrestling Championships in Lørenskog.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Norwegian female sport wrestlers
World Wrestling Championships medalists
20th-century Norwegian women
20th-century Norwegian people
The Bodell River is a river in northern Cochrane District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is part of the James Bay drainage basin, and is a left tributary of the Kesagami River.

The river begins at Bodell Lake and heads north. It turns northeast, takes in the right tributary Black River and left tributary Pesekanaskoskau River, and reaches its mouth at the Kesagami River. The Kesagami River flows via the Harricana River to James Bay.

See also
List of rivers of Ontario

References

Sources

Rivers of Cochrane District
Yannick Maden (born 28 October 1989) is a retired German tennis player. He graduated from Clemson University, where he played on the tennis team before entering the professional tour.

Professional career
Maden made his ATP main draw debut as a qualifier at the 2016 European Open, where he lost to fifth seed Gilles Simon in the first round. He won his first match at ATP-level at the 2017 Moselle Open, defeating Nicolás Kicker in the first round.

Performance timelines

Singles

ATP Challenger and ITF Futures finals

Singles: 24 (8–16)

Doubles: 7 (3–4)

References

External links
 
 

1989 births
Living people
German male tennis players
Sportspeople from Stuttgart
Tennis people from Baden-Württemberg
Clemson Tigers men's tennis players
Conospermum boreale is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.

The erect and compact shrub typically grows to a height of . It blooms between August and November producing cream-white flowers.

It is found on areas of laterite in the west coast areas of the Mid West and Wheatbelt regions of Western Australia from Northampton to Wanneroo where it grows in sandy soils.

References

External links

Eudicots of Western Australia
boreale
Endemic flora of Western Australia
Plants described in 1995
Marie Pinterová (née Neumannová, born 16 August 1946) is a Czech and Hungarian professional tennis player with a professional career from 1969 to 1989.

Life
Marie Neumannová was born in 1946 in Stará Boleslav. She began her professional career in 1969. In 1974, Pinterová married Hungarian engineer András Pintér. They had one son, Karim, in 1976. Pinterová returned to professional tennis at the age of 34 and won the Tokyo title.

Career
In 1974, she played the quarterfinals at Roland Garros, her best performance in a single round of the Grand Slam. She has won two WTA singles during her career, first in Florida in 1972 (opposite Billie Jean King in the final), the second in Japan in 1981.

During her career, Pinterová has won:
 Two Czech Internationals
 Virginia Slims of Jacksonville
 The Cairo Open
 The Japan Open
 The World University Games

She had wins against Martina Navratilova, Sue Barker and Kathy Jordan.

She has played on the European senior circuit of the ITF since 1995. She has won 11 World singles championship titles and 24 European titles.

References

External links
 
 
 

1946 births
Living people
Czech female tennis players
Hungarian female tennis players
People from Brandýs nad Labem-Stará Boleslav
Czechoslovak female tennis players
Sportspeople from the Central Bohemian Region
Goodenia amplexans, commonly known as clasping goodenia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae and endemic to South Australia. It is a small shrub with sticky foliage, egg-shaped to oblong or elliptic, stem-clasping leaves with small teeth on the edges, racemes of yellow flowers with leaf-like bracteoles at the base, and elliptic fruit.

Description
Goodenia amplexans is an aromatic, erect undershrub or shrubby herb that typically grows to a height of  and has hairy, sticky foliage. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, sessile, stem-clasping, egg-shaped to oblong or elliptic,  long and  wide with small teeth on the edges. The flowers are arranged in spike-like racemes up to  long on a peduncle  long with linear to lance-shaped, leaf-like bracteoles  long at the base, each flower on a pedicel  long. The sepals are lance-shaped,  long and the corolla is yellow,  long and glabrous. The lower lobes of the corolla are  long with wings  wide. Flowering mainly occurs from August to February and the fruit is an elliptic capsule about  long.

Taxonomy and naming
Goodenia amplexans was first formally described in 1857 by Ferdinand von Mueller in the Transactions of the Philosophical Institute of Victoria from plants growing on "ridges and gullies near Adelaide". The specific epithet (amplexans) means "embracing", referring to the stem-clasping leaves.

Distribution and habitat
Clasping goodenia grows in forest and woodland and on sea cliffs in the southern Flinders Ranges, the Mount Lofty Ranges and Kangaroo Island in South Australia.

References

amplexans
Flora of South Australia
Plants described in 1857
Taxa named by Ferdinand von Mueller
Nychum is a rural locality in the Shire of Mareeba, Queensland, Australia. In the  Nychum had a population of 0 people.

Geography 
The entire locality is within the pastoral property Nychum which has its homestead at the end of Nychum Road () adjacent to Elizabeth Creek. It is owned by the Kenny Creek pastoral company and is managed from their property in neighbouring Bellevue.

Wollenden Airstrip (also known as Nychum) is an airstrip located to the immediate south-west of the Nychum homestead ().

The land use is grazing on native vegetation.

History 
In the  Nychum had a population of 0 people.

Education 
There are no schools in Nychum. The nearest primary school is Chillagoe State School in neighbouring Chillagoe to the south. There are no nearby secondary schools. Distance education or boarding schools are the options.

References 

Shire of Mareeba
Localities in Queensland
Robert Thomas Smith (May 20, 1878 – January 23, 1957) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse trainer. Born in a log cabin in the backwoods of northwest Georgia, as a young man he trained horses for the United States Cavalry and worked on a cattle ranch. In 1934, he was hired as a trainer by the wealthy businessman Charles S. Howard.

Known as "Silent Tom" because of his quiet nature, Smith became famous as the trainer of Seabiscuit. In the 1940s, he was hired to train for Maine Chance Farm, owned by cosmetics tycoon Elizabeth Arden. Twice he was the U.S. Champion Trainer by earnings: first in 1940, and again in 1945.

On November 8, 1945, Smith was suspended from racing for a year by The Jockey Club after being found responsible for administering the stimulant ephedrine via an atomizer to one of his horses. The drug was given to the horse by the stable foreman without Smith's specific authorization, but under New York racing rules he was held responsible as the horse's trainer.

In his absence, Roy Waldron trained for a time for Maine Chance Farm, winning the Pimlico Futurity with Star Pilot, before Smith's 36-year-old son, Jimmy, took over for the remainder of the suspension.

When his suspension was over, Smith returned to Maine Chance Farm, where he trained 1947 Kentucky Derby winner Jet Pilot.

Smith retired from racing in 1955, having trained 29 graded stakes race winners. He died two years later in Glendale, California, and was buried there in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Sunrise Slope, Lot 6121, Space 4.

In 2000, Smith was elected to the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame and was inducted in 2001. According to author Laura Hillenbrand, Smith's election to the Hall of Fame was delayed because of Smith's allegedly using an illegal stimulant in 1945.  His life's story was told by author Laura Hillenbrand's bestselling 2001 book Seabiscuit: An American Legend.

Smith was played by Academy Award-winning actor Chris Cooper in the 2003 film Seabiscuit.

References

 Washington Racing Hall of Fame
 December 3, 1945 TIME magazine article on Tom Smith's suspension titled At the Hop
 Tom Smith at the United States' National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame
 Seabiscuit: An American Legend by Laura Hillenbrand

External links

 

1878 births
1957 deaths
American racehorse trainers
United States Thoroughbred Racing Hall of Fame inductees
Sportspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
Clay County Historical Society Museum is a local history museum in a historic building in Liberty, Missouri. The museum building dates to 1865. It was a drug store and a doctor's office until 1963, when it was turned into a museum.

Exhibits
The Clay County Historical Museum houses art, antiques, and collector's items reflecting the early history of Clay County, Missouri. The exhibits are displayed in separate rooms, each named according to its contents. The main rooms are The Country School, Old Fashioned Parlor, Kitchen, Minerals, Gems, Library, Chapel, Musical Instruments, Military, Primitive, Bedroom, Clothing and Children's Toy Room. The museum also has a library, which has collections of newspaper files, area wide genealogies, area maps, reference books and microfilm.

According to the museum's website, "The main floor is divided by a glass partition with vintage display cases filled with china, toys, railroad artifacts and apothecary paraphernalia. Behind the partition the visitor will find letters by the Jesse James family; Civil War, WWI and WWII items; antiques quilts; and Native American artifacts."

References

External links
 Clay County Historical Society Museum

Museums in Clay County, Missouri
History museums in Missouri
1963 establishments in Missouri
Liberty, Missouri
The standard person or reference person is a theoretical model individual which has perfectly "normal" characteristics.  This model is used in radiation safety. For many years, the standard person was called reference man because the work assumed a healthy, young adult Caucasian male.

Official definition
According to the International Commission on Radiological Protection's 1974 definition in ICRP Publication 23, "Reference man is defined as being between 20–30 years of age, weighing 70 kg, is 180 cm in height, and lives in a climate with an average temperature of from 10°C to 20°C. He is a Caucasian and is a Western European or North American in habitat and custom."

History
The Reference Individual of Radiation Protection, the 70-kg "standard man" representing a typical Western adult male, has been used in physiological models since at least the 1920s.
The first "Standard Man" data were assembled by Mary Jane Cook as a "Survey Report of the Characteristics of the Standard Man" in 1948, and it remained unpublished. She worked for Oak Ridge National Laboratory to establish maximum permissible internal dose.
Her data were presented at the Chalk River Laboratories Conference on Permissible Dose, September 29-30, 1949.

The ICRP-23 report from 1974 does not contain elemental data for a "Reference Woman"; Mary Jane Cook may have died in 1974 given the sentence “During the last few months of editing, the services of M. J. Cook were lost to the group.”
In 1984, Committee 2 of the ICRP decided to update Publication for women and children. The revised Reference Man continued to be a Westerner, but world-wide anatomical data were reviewed and weight increased by 3 kg. 
In 1990 in vivo data provided first estimates of body composition for Reference Woman, along with variations on body size, age, and race.

The Institute for Energy and Environmental Research has argued in 2009, that reference man in radiation dose calculations underestimates dose to children in a large number of situations, and to women in some situations,  resulting in an underestimation of cancer risk.

Future
As of 1999 it was speculated that, eventually, for medical purposes, the concept may be replaced by effective attention to measuring the exposure of individual patients to radiation, as in precision medicine.

US native American tribes have suggested a standardized indigenous body designed for remediation planning, rejected by federal regulators.
As of 2004 it was speculated that in the future, the model may be expanded to include selected plants and animals.

See also
Effective dose (radiation)

References

Radiation health effects
The list of ambassadors of Japan to Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic started when Harukazu Nagaoka presented his credentials to the Czechoslovak government in 1921.

Diplomatic relations between the Czechoslovak and the Japanese governments were established in 1920 and again in 1957.
Between the two wars the Japanese Ministers Plenipotentiaries and Ambassadors to Czechoslovakia were as follows:

Ministers plenipotentiaries 
1. Harukazu Nagaoka, from November 29, 1921

2. Giro Kikuchi, from January 28, 1925. Signed a treaty of commerce between the Czechoslovak and Japanese governments on October 30, 1925.

Ambassadors 
1. Eiichi Kimura, from May 30, 1928

2. Masaaki Hotta, from June 18, 1931

3. Keinosuke Fujii, from March 23, 1937

On March 16, 1939, upon the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, the Japanese government withdrew recognition of the Czechoslovak government. On December 9, 1941, the Czechoslovak government in exile declared war on the Japanese Empire.

After the Second World War, diplomatic relations were reestablished on February 13, 1957.

4. Shiroshichi Kimura, from October 30, 1957

5. Kijiro Miyake, from October 19, 1961

6. Taro Tokunaga, from September 23, 1965

7. Takeo Ozawa, from May 14, 1968

8. Takeshi Kanematsu, from April 5, 1971

9. Saburo Kimoto, from November 21, 1972

10. Humihiko Suzuki, from March 20, 1976

11. Ichiro Yoshioka, from April 9, 1980

12. Tadashi Otaka, from March 14, 1983

13. Haruyuki Mabuchi, from March 7, 1987

14. Chisachi Kato, from April 17, 1989 (on April 1, 1991, Embassy title changed from "Embassy of Japan in Czechoslovakia" to "Embassy of Japan in the Czech and Slovak Republics"

15. Kuniaki Asomura, from October 10, 1991 (last Japanese Ambassador to Czachoslovakia. Following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia, Embassy was designated from April 1, 1993, as "Embassy of Japan in the Czech Republic")

Japanese ambassadors to the Czech Republic since 1993 

1. Kuniaki Asomura, from April 1, 1993

2. Nobuo Miyamoto, from October 4, 1994

3. Shunji Maruyama, from April 2, 1997

4. Hiroto Ishida, from December 27, 1999

5. Koichi Takahashi, from February 3, 2003

6. Hideaki Kumazawa, from April 21, 2005

7. Chikahito Harada, from October 10, 2008

8. Toshio Kunikata, from March 2011

9. Tetsuo Yamakawa, from 2013

References

Sources 
 Web-page of the Japanese Embassy in Czech Republic  (in Czech)

 
 
Czech
Japan
Japan
Jay Finley (born May 15, 1988) is a former American football running back. He was drafted by the Cincinnati Bengals in the seventh round of the 2011 NFL Draft. He played college football at Baylor.

College career
Finley played his college career for the Baylor University Bears in Waco, Texas.  Finley started his career at Baylor sporting the number 32 but finished wearing 23, the number he wore during his early career.  Finley graduated in May with a degree in general studies.

Freshman year 
Finley finished off his freshman year with 55 attempts for 207 yards, 3.8 yards per carry, with two rushing touchdowns.  On top of that he added 18 receptions for 152 yards and another score.

Sophomore year 
Finley finished his sophomore year with 149 carries for 865 yards, 5.8 yards per carry and seven rushing touchdowns.  He added seven receptions for 141 (20.1 yards per catch) and two more touchdowns.

Junior year 
Although Finley started his third year atop the depth chart at running back, he struggled battling an ankle injury throughout the season.  It hampered his production, carrying the ball 79 times for 370 yards, dropping his per carry average to 4.7.  His receptions didn't drop much as he had six for 47 yards.  He had one touchdown on the season (rushing).

Senior year 
Finley finally secured his breakout season in his final year of eligibility rushing for 1,218 yards on 195 carries, an impressive 6.2 yards per carry.  That is behind only Terrance Ganaway's 1,347 yards for the team's single season record.  While the number of receptions Finley had increased to nine, he only had 76 yards.  The 12 touchdowns Finley accumulated during the season all came on the ground.  He averaged 93.69 yards per game.

Career stats and records 
Finley's career at Baylor ended with him first in single season rushing yards, single game rushing yards at 250, third in career rushing yards at 2,660, and fourth in career touchdowns at 22.

Pro day workout numbers 
39.5 inch vertical
11 foot broad jump
550 pound squat
14 bench reps at 225 pounds
4.51 forty yard dash
4.36 twenty yard shuttle

Professional career
Finley was drafted with the Cincinnati Bengals' seventh round pick, number 248. Cincinnati.com reported the Bengals had signed running back Jay Finley to a rookie contract on July 30. He was waived on September 3.  He was signed to the Seahawks' practice squad on December 6, 2011.

References

External links
 Cincinnati Bengals bio
 Baylor Bears bio

1988 births
Living people
American football running backs
Baylor Bears football players
Cincinnati Bengals players
Seattle Seahawks players
Tri-Cities Fever players
People from Corsicana, Texas
Players of American football from Texas
Hrdlív () is a municipality and village in Kladno District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.

Etymology
The name is derived from the personal name Hrdlej or Hrlej.

Geography
Hrdlív is located about  north of Kladno and  northwest of Prague. It lies in the Prague Plateau.

History

The first written mention of Hrdlív is from 1316. From the 15th century, Hrdlív was part of the Smečno estate, which belonged to the Martinic family (since 1792 Clam-Martinic). After the abolition of feudalism in 1848, Hrdlív became part of Třebichovice municipality. In 1906, it became a separate municipality.

Sights
The most notable building is a small Baroque chapel dating from 1745.

References

External links

Villages in Kladno District