Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Ionian mode is a musical mode or, in modern usage, a diatonic scale also called the major scale.

It is the name assigned by Heinrich Glarean in 1547 to his new authentic mode on C (mode 11 in his numbering scheme), which uses the diatonic octave species from C to the C an octave higher, divided at G (as its dominant, reciting tone/reciting note or tenor) into a fourth species of perfect fifth (tone–tone–semitone–tone) plus a third species of perfect fourth (tone–tone–semitone): C D E F G + G A B C. This octave species is essentially the same as the major mode of tonal music.

Church music had been explained by theorists as being organised in eight musical modes: the scales on D, E, F, and G in the "greater perfect system" of "musica recta," each with their authentic and plagal counterparts.

Glarean's twelfth mode was the plagal version of the Ionian mode, called Hypoionian (under Ionian), based on the same relative scale, but with the major third as its tenor, and having a melodic range from a perfect fourth below the tonic, to a perfect fifth above it.

See also
Bilawal, the equivalent scale (thaat) in Hindustani music
Shankarabharanam, the equivalent scale (melakarta) in Carnatic music

Notes

References

External links
 Ionian mode for guitar at GOSK.com

Modes (music)
Diatonic set theory
Major scales
Stanley B. Mulaik (September 30, 1902 – March 17, 1995) was an American zoologist and educator. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to Lithuanian parents. He received a bachelor's degree in science education and worked as a school teacher for several years until commencing his PhD studies at the University of Utah in 1939. His dissertation presented several new species and genera of isopods and demonstrated that isopods were native to the Americas, rather than introduced from the Old World as previously thought.

He was appointed as an assistant (and later associate) professor at the University of Utah, where he taught courses in nature study, conservation, the teaching of biology, museum techniques, and arthropod anatomy. He was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and was a Director of the Conservation Education Association from 1954 to 1957.

He was jointly or separately involved in describing over 200 new species of spiders, isopods, scorpions and mites. For his taxonomic work he often collaborated with his wife Dorothea D. Mulaik (1900-1996). The Mulaiks are commemorated in the names of several organisms, including nine spider species from Texas.

References 

 

American arachnologists
20th-century American zoologists
University of Utah faculty
University of Utah alumni
Science teachers
People from Pittsburgh
1902 births
1995 deaths
Under Two Jags is a 1923 American silent comedy film featuring Stan Laurel. The title spoofs the film Under Two Flags (1922).

Plot

The film is set in the city of Scorching Sands in the Desert of Dhumbell.

Stan is the only westerner on the street until he enters a saloon which has soldiers watching a girl in uniform (and wearing a fez) dancing on a table. Stan blows the foam off his beer and it hits the officer in the face. He beckons Stan over. He is about to leave when the girl says Stop. He flips a coin and decides to join the soldiers.

Stan is then in uniform chatting with the girl. A posh lady stops to speak to him. Stan drops a bottle of beer and the spray soaks everyone.

On parade Stan is ten seconds behind the rest and struggles to find a place in the row. The men form a ladder of rifles and he climbs a wall. The officer kisses each man on the cheek as he gives out medals. Stan pushes the officer away when he goes to kiss him.

Stan is locked in the stockade but the door falls off. He is stood against a pole to be shot. Alongside a man digs a grave. They blindfold him and prepare to shoot, but the girl rides up and saves him

Cast
 Stan Laurel
 Katherine Grant as The Princess
 Mae Laurel as Cheroot
 Sammy Brooks as Gunner (credited as Sam Brooks)
 Charles Stevenson as Arab Officer (credited as Charles E. Stevenson)
 William Gillespie as Officer
 Eddie Baker as Bit Role (uncredited)
 Roy Brooks as Bit Role (uncredited)
 George Rowe as Bit Role (uncredited)

References

External links

1923 films
American silent short films
American black-and-white films
1923 comedy films
1923 short films
Films directed by George Jeske
Silent American comedy films
American comedy short films
1920s American films
The Fitzgerald Bridge (also known as the Bund Garden Bridge) is an historic structure located in Pune, India. It was constructed in 1867 during the British India period.
 It was the first spandrel arch bridge in the city of Pune, connecting the Bund Garden to the Chima garden.

The bridge crosses the Mula-Mutha River. It features a representation of a Medici lion at each end of the bridge. The bridge was designed and constructed by Captain Robert S. Sellon of the Royal Engineers. It was built for the sum of ₹ 2 lakh. The Bridge is named for the Governor of Bombay at the time, Sir William Robert Vesey Fitzgerald.

By 2013, the two lane masonry arch bridge has over lived its design life span. A new four lane bridge was to replace the structure, with the new bridge to be named after Babasaheb Ambedkar.

There were plans to demolish the bridge but finally it was closed for vehicular traffic and converted into a space for arts and artisans.

References 

Buildings and structures in Pune
Marauding Scot (sometimes spelt Marauding Scott) is an old English delicacy, with origins in the North East of England. It is made by soaking fruit in Scotch whisky and then heating it to absorb the liquor.

History
There is much speculation about its origin and its rather curious name. Many culinary scholars think the name of the dish is a reference to the frequent invasions of Scots into Northern England before the new Stuart era united the two nations. These attacks began during Roman times, resulting in the building of Hadrian's Wall, and continued throughout the Middle Ages until James I, son of Mary, Queen of Scots, became King of England. The name is a pun on the similarity of 'Scotch' to 'Scot', the idea being that the Scotch has 'invaded' the natural juices of the fruit.

Recipe

"Marauding Scot" is made in a similar way to the Cockney dish "peaches done in Brandy", as mentioned in the 1959 film version of The 39 Steps, namely by taking the fruit, piercing it, then pouring Scotch over it while it is gently heated. There is much debate about the sequence used. Some believe that it is better to pierce it after the heating has taken place, otherwise it would lose its natural flavour, whereas other chefs believe this misses the point slightly. Other chefs suggest that the heating is unnecessary and in fact dries the fruit, spoiling its taste.

Warning: The flammable nature of Scotch means that this dish should be attempted with great caution.

The dish is traditionally served with shortbread, inkeeping with its Scottish reference.

Notoriety

In one of his famous printed sermons of 1549, Thomas, rector of Crawcrook mentions the "Pillaging Scotte" as an evil influence on the young people of the town, who had clearly been using the dish as an early form of hip flask.

The inclusion of Scotch into other recipes to be found throughout the UK is notable, such as a similar dish which is found in Norfolk.

See also

 Newcastle Stotties, another North Eastern recipe.
 Scotch Broth, a recipe which does not contain Whisky.

External links
 Information about border invasions
 Heritage of Scotland
 Recipes using Scotch
 More recipes involving Scotch
 Another recipe using Irish Whiskey

English cuisine
Losolyn Laagan (;1887 - May 4, 1940) was a Mongolian politician and member of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) who served as chairman of the Presidium of the State Little Hural (titular Head of state of Mongolia) from April 27, 1930, to June 2, 1932.

Biography
Lagaan was born in 1887 in Buyant Sum, Khovd Province. He joined the MPRP in 1923 and two years later was appointed chairman of the Auditing Committee of the Committee of the MPRP for Khovd Province. In 1928 he was named chairman of the Central Auditing Commission of the national MPRP.  In March 1930 he was elected a member of the Central Committee of the MPRP Presidium and on April 27, 1930, was named Chairman of the Presidium of the State Little Hural of the MPR, or titular Head of State of the Mongolian People's Republic, a position he would hold until June 2, 1932.

In spring 1932, Laagan was one of several political leaders blamed for excesses of what was later termed the "Leftist Deviation," during which the government actively pursued Soviet tailored policies to force herders onto collective farms, suppress private trade, and seize property of both the nobility and the Buddhist church.  The harsh policies resulted in violent uprisings that spread across western Mongolia.  Lagaan and several other leading politicians were officially expelled from the party in May 1932 and Laagan was removed from his position as Chairman of the Presidium of the State Little Hural a month later and demoted to a minor civil service position in his native Khovd Province.

Laagan was one of the earliest government officials arrested during Khorloogiin Choibalsan's Great Terror (1937-1939).  He was arrested in September 1937 on charges of counterrevolutionary activities. Sentenced to death on May 4, 1940, he executed on the same day.

Losolyn Laagan was rehabilitated in 1962.

Speakers of the State Great Khural
Mongolian People's Party politicians
Mongolian communists
Heads of state of Mongolia
Communism in Mongolia
1887 births
1940 deaths
People from Khovd Province
Executed Mongolian people
Great Purge victims from Mongolia
Executed communists
Holum is a former municipality that was located in the old Vest-Agder county in Norway.  The  municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1964.  The administrative centre was the village of Krossen where Holum Church is located. The municipality was located in the present-day municipality of Lindesnes in what is now Agder county.

History
The parish of Holme was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, most of Holum (population: 1,127) was merged with the town of Mandal and the municipality of Halse og Harkmark to form a new, larger Mandal municipality. The remainder of Holum (the Stubstad and Svalemyren areas, with a population of 9) was merged into the neighboring municipality of Søgne.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Holme farm () since the first Holum Church was built there. The first element is  which means "hole" or "hollow". The last element comes from the word  which means "home" or "abode". The spelling of the name was changed from Holme to Holum in 1911.

Government
While it existed, this municipality was responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, unemployment, social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads. During its existence, this municipality was governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor was indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.

Municipal council
The municipal council  of Holum was made up of representatives that were elected to four year terms. The tables below show the historical composition of the council by political party.

See also
List of former municipalities of Norway

References

External links
Weather information for Holum 

Lindesnes
Former municipalities of Norway
1838 establishments in Norway
1964 disestablishments in Norway
The 2022 USA Sevens was the seventeenth edition of the rugby sevens tournament. It was held at Dignity Health Sports Park in Carson, Los Angeles, California between 27 and 28 August 2022. The title defenders were five-time USA Sevens champions South Africa.

The final event of the season saw the most competitive sole event in World Rugby Sevens Series history as all sixteen core teams vied for the event title, four of whom were simultaneously vying for the series title (South Africa, Australia, Argentina, Fiji).

On the season standings for the 2021–22 season post-London were the most competitive since the establishment of the Sevens Series, with just six points separating the top three teams (two points between the top two). There were four teams mathematically capable of winning the series, depending on the results of this event.

At the conclusion of day one, when all the pool fixtures had been played, South Africa finished third in their pool, thus were not eligible to play in the Cup playoffs and were eliminated from winning the event and the series.

The tournament was won by New Zealand, who claimed their first win in the series after beating Fiji 28–21. This, along with Argentina being knocked out in the quarter finals, South Africa being knocked out in the pool stages, and Australia claiming third after beating Samoa 21–7,  meant that Australia were crowned champions of the world series for the first time,

Format
The sixteen teams were drawn into four pools of four. Each team played the three opponents in their pool once. The top two teams from each pool advanced to the Cup bracket, with the losers of the quarter-finals vying for a fifth-place finish. The remaining eight teams that finished third or fourth in their pool played off for 9th place, with the losers of the 9th-place quarter-finals competing for 13th place.

Teams 
The sixteen national teams competing in Los Angeles were:

Pool stage
 Team advances to the Cup quarter-finals

Pool A

Pool B

Pool C

Pool D

Knockout stage

13th–16th playoffs

9th–12th playoffs

5th–8th playoffs

Cup playoffs

Placings

References

  

2022
2021–22 World Rugby Sevens Series
2022 rugby sevens competitions
August 2022 sports events in the United States
USA Sevens 2022
2022 in American rugby union
2007 heat wave may refer to:

2007 Asian heat wave
2007 European heat wave
2007 Eastern North American heat wave

See also
Summer 2007
The 2013 Shanghai International Film Festival was the 16th such festival devoted to international cinema held in Shanghai, China.

International Jury
The members of the jury for the Golden Goblet Award were:

 Tom Hooper (UK; president of the jury)
 Michel Ciment (French critic)
 Chris Kraus (German director)
 Khosro Masoumi (Iranian director)
 Jiří Menzel (Czech director, theater director and actor)
 Ning Hao (Chinese director)
 Yu Nan (Chinese actress)

Winners
 Best Feature Film: The Major, by Yury Bykov (Russia)
 Jury Grand Prix: Reliance "Förtroligheten", by William Olsson (Sweden)
 Best Director: Yury Bykov for The Major
 Best Actress: Crystal Lee in Unbeatable (China) directed by Dante Lam
 Best Actor: Nick Cheung in Unbeatable (China) directed by Dante Lam
 Best Screenplay: Angus MacLachlan for Reliance (Sweden) directed by William Olsson
 Best Cinematography: Vachan Sharma/Paul Blomgren Dovan for Reliance (Sweden) directed by William Olsson
 Best Music: Yury Bykov for The Major (Russia) directed by Yury Bykov

References

External links
 Official website

Shanghai International Film Festival
Shanghai International Film Festival
Shanghai
Shanghai
2013 in Shanghai
Michael Chang was the defending champion and successfully defended his title, by defeating Petr Korda 5–7, 6–2, 6–1 in the final.

Seeds
The top eight seeds received a bye to the second round.

Draw

Finals

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Bottom half

Section 3

Section 4

References

External links
 Official results archive (ATP)
 Official results archive (ITF)

1997 ATP Tour
Talerddig railway station was a station in Talerddig, Powys, Wales. The station opened in 1900 and closed on 14 June 1965, one of many on the line abandoned as a result of the Beeching Axe. The signal box predated the station, being built by McKenzie and Holland in 1874. The old Station Master's house now forms part of a private residence. The station was demolished shortly after closure.  There is still a much-used passing loop on the Cambrian Line here, though this is now supervised from the signalling centre at  and the points work automatically.

References

Sources

Disused railway stations in Powys
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1900
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1965
Former Cambrian Railway stations
Beeching closures in Wales
WJPW-CD, virtual channel 59 (UHF digital channel 18), was a low-power, Class A television station licensed to Weirton, West Virginia, United States. The station was owned by OTA Broadcasting and was a satellite of WEPA-CD.

History
WJPW-CD began operation as a station licensed to Steubenville, Ohio on channel 57 with the call sign W57BH. The station was founded and owned by Bruno-Goodworth Network, Inc. as a repeater for its independent Pittsburgh class A station WBGN-LP.

A move from channel 57 to channel 18 was required when NBC affiliate WTOV-TV (channel 9) was granted digital facilities on channel 57. Shortly after moving to channel 18, the WJPW-CA call-sign was granted and the station began repeating WVTX-CA (channel 28). On September 19, 2006, after WVTX-CA closed its studios in Wheeling, the station once again began to repeat WBGN-LP.

On January 7, 2013, the station changed to the WJPW-CD call sign. On August 26, 2013, WJPW-CD was sold along with Bruno-Goodworth Network, Inc.'s ten other class A stations for $7.25 million to OTA Broadcasting, LLC (a company controlled by Michael Dell's MSD Capital).

On April 13, 2017, FCC announced that it had accepted OTA Broadcasting's bids totalling $73.9 million to sell the spectrum rights of five of OTA Broadcasting's stations in the Pittsburgh market in the spectrum incentive auction. Although WJPW-CD was not among them, OTA Broadcasting ceased WJPW-CD's transmissions along with them on October 25, 2017 and surrendered its license to the FCC for cancellation on October 26, 2017.

Digital channels

References

External links
 

JPW-CD
Television channels and stations established in 1998
1998 establishments in West Virginia
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2017
2017 disestablishments in West Virginia
Low-power television stations in the United States
Defunct television stations in the United States
JPW-CD
Hotze is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze (1739–1799), Swiss-born field marshal in the Austrian army
 Henry Hotze (1833–1887), Swiss-born propagandist for the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War
 Steven Hotze (born 1950), American conservative talk-radio host
Brandon Matera (born 11 March 1992) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Gold Coast Football Club (2011–2017) and the Fremantle Football Club (2018–2020) in the Australian Football League (AFL). He was recruited as one of twelve 17-year-olds made available to Gold Coast under the AFL's draft concessions.

Matera is the son of former Fitzroy and West Coast player Wally Matera and the nephew of former West Coast footballers Phil and Peter Matera. He is of Italian and Indigenous Australian (Noongar) heritage.

Junior career
Matera came up through the junior system of the South Fremantle Football Club and represented Western Australia at under-16 and under-18 levels.

Matera was named in the 2009 Under-18 All Australian team following the 2009 AFL National Under-18 Championships.

AFL career

Gold Coast: 2011–2017

Matera made his debut in Round 2, 2011, in the Gold Coast Suns inaugural AFL match against Carlton at the Gabba.

In Round 5, Matera was part of the first Gold Coast Suns victory. He kicked 4 goals, and for his efforts was the round 5 nomination for the 2011 AFL Rising Star.

Fremantle: 2018–2020

During the 2017 AFL Trade period, Matera was traded to ; he was delisted after the 2020 season.

References

External links

1992 births
Living people
South Fremantle Football Club players
Gold Coast Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Western Australia
Indigenous Australian players of Australian rules football
Australian people of Italian descent
Fremantle Football Club players
Peel Thunder Football Club players
Subiaco Football Club players
Jaap Edenhal (sometimes anglicized as Jaap Eden Hall) is a 4,500-capacity indoor ice rink located adjacent to Jaap Eden baan in Amsterdam, Netherlands. It is named after Dutch speed skater Jaap Eden. The Amsterdam Tigers are its primary tenant. The facility opened in 1973 and has also been used as a concert venue.

The Jaap Edenhal was created by rebuilding the hockey rink next to the track. In addition to being the home rink of the Amsterdam Tigers of the BeNe League, and formerly the home of the Amsterdam G's in the now defunct Eredivise, the Jaap Edenhal was used for the national ice-skating championships in 1974. It has also hosted fleamarkets, exhibitions, a Saturday night disco skate popular with teenagers, the Amsterdam Skate Festival (including roller-disco) and in particular concerts. Artists that have performed at the venue include ABBA, Marvin Gaye, Bob Marley, Rod Stewart, Siouxsie and the Banshees, John Denver, Iron Maiden, Olivia Newton-John, Dio, Run-DMC (their first appearance in the Netherlands), and The Police. In 1986, it was listed by Billboard as one of the major concert venues in the country.

References

External links

Indoor arenas in the Netherlands
Sports venues in Amsterdam
Heptapleurum hullettii is a species of plant in the family Araliaceae. It is a small tree native to Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, and Singapore.

References

Flora of Peninsular Malaysia
Flora of Singapore
Flora of Thailand
hullettii
Least concern plants
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Plants described in 1898
Jewell Glacier () is a short glacier flowing south-southwest from Mount Grant into Jossac Bight on the south coast of South Georgia. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1982 after John A. Jewell, a British Antarctic Survey field assistant in this area in 1976–77, at Rothera Research Station in 1977–78, and Base Commander at Rothera, 1978–80.

See also
 List of glaciers in the Antarctic
 Glaciology

References

Glaciers of South Georgia
Denis Brière (1945/1946 – July 8, 2022) was a Canadian forestry professor and academic administrator. He took office as Université Laval's 25th rector (president) on June 1, 2007. He ran unsuccessfully for the position in 2002. He was formerly  dean of the faculty of forestry and geomatics at Université Laval in Quebec City, and held that office since 2000. He has also worked as an executive with James Bay Energy Corporation (Société d'énergie de la Baie-James), a consortium which built a series of hydro-electric dams near James Bay, Kruger Inc., a Canadian pulp and paper company, and Groupe Comact, a manufacturer of wood processing equipment.

Awards 
In 1994, he was named forestry engineer of the year by the Ordre des ingénieurs forestiers du Québec, the professional body for foresters in Quebec.

References

External links
Université Laval – Monsieur Denis Brière – 25e recteur de l'Université Laval 
Personal page at faculty of forestry and geomatics
Research office page on Brière
26 septembre 2002 Plan d'action du candidat au rectorat Denis Brière
Canada Newswire, April 30, 2007 – Denis Brière élu recteur de l'Université Laval
Canada Newswire, June 11, 2010 – Denis Brière elected Chair of the Board of CREPUQ

1940s births
2022 deaths
French Quebecers
Forestry academics
Year of birth missing
University of British Columbia alumni
Rectors of Université Laval
Canadian foresters
Université Laval alumni
Academic staff of Université Laval
Laverick is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Laverick, English footballer
Bobby Laverick  (born 1938), English footballer
Elise Laverick (born 1975), British rower
Elizabeth Laverick (1925-2010), British engineer
June Laverick (born 1931), English actress
Mick Laverick (born 1954),  English footballer