Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Eupatorium capillifolium, or dogfennel (also written "dog fennel"), is a North American perennial herbaceous plant in the family Asteraceae, native to the eastern and south-central United States. It is generally between 50 cm and 2 meters tall with several stems that fork from a substantial base.  The stems and base are covered in leaves so dissected that they resemble branching green threads coming out of the stem in fractal patterns. When crushed, the leaves and flowers smell rather unpleasant.

Classification
Dogfennel is closely related to Eupatorium compositifolium (yankeeweed) and Eupatorium leptophyllum and some authors consider all of them varieties of E. capillifolium. Others maintain them as three species but consider them a related group, known as dogfennels or the Traganthes group.  They all are characterized by dissected leaves.

Cultivation and uses
Dogfennel thrives on roadsides, in fields and reduced tillage crops, as well as areas that have burned or otherwise been disturbed. It is found in the early to middle (seral) stages of ecological succession. It is native to the southern and eastern United States, from Massachusetts south to Florida, and west to Missouri and Texas, and also Cuba and the Bahamas.  Unlike insect-pollinated plants in this genus, E. capillifolium is wind-pollinated. Dogfennel was also known to be planted by Johnny Appleseed.

Dogfennel is eaten by Florida's scarlet-bodied wasp moth, Cosmosoma myrodora.  These moths feed on the plant while mature, to store its toxins and ward off predators.

Control
Dogfennel spreads by both seeds and rootstocks and can grow quite aggressively.  It is common in pastures, especially those that are unimproved or overgrazed, and degrades the quality of the pasture by competing with desired forage species. Dogfennel contains liver-damaging pyrrolizidine alkaloids, so livestock are known to eat all the turf around a stand of it. To remove infestations of dogfennel, the recommended course of action is to mow it before it can seed.

It has also been introduced outside its native range, for example in Nepal.

Toxicity
Dogfennel contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids which can cause liver failure.

Medicinal uses
Eupatorium capillifolium is extracted into an essential oil and has anti-fungal properties.

References

External links
 photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden, collected in Missouri in 1999

capillifolium
Butterfly food plants
Plants described in 1783
Flora of the United States
Flora of the Caribbean
Joe Wise (born May 22, 1993) is a retired member of the U.S. Paralympic Swim Team and is a 19-time American Record Holder. He competed for the United States at both the 2008 and 2012 Summer Paralympics.

Wise swam for 10 years total, 7 years in Paralympic swimming.

Personal life
In 2002, at the age of 9, Joe Wise was diagnosed with mitochondrial myopathy - a severe muscular disorder affecting his legs, hips, core muscles and lungs. At the early age of 9, doctors told him and his family he would not live to see the age of 15. In 8th grade, Joe was using a wheel chair, and having an extremely hard time walking. After doing a lot of leg exercises to strengthen his muscles, he was once again able to walk on his own. Joe now uses a life support volume ventilator every day which helps him breath because his lungs are so weak. Wise  attended Loyola University Maryland in Baltimore, Maryland from 2011-2015 where he was a member of the men's swimming team. On December 3, 2013, Wise announced that he retired from swimming due to health issues. Wise now resides in Austin, Texas and works at Dell.

Career
2012: Named to the 2012 U.S. Paralympic Team for London, England August 29 through September 9
2011: Pan Pac Para-Team Member
2010: United States President Volunteer Service Award Recipient
2008: U.S. Paralympic Team member, Swimming - Paralympic Games, Beijing China
2008: American record, 400m IM, 800m freestyle and 1,500m freestyle - CanAm Championships, Victoria, British Columbia
2007: Two fourth-place finishes, 100m back, 400m free - Parapan American Games, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
2006: Gold medal, 400m free - U.S. Paralympics Swimming National Championships, San Antonio, Texas
Ambassador for United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation
Pacific Swimming LSC Athlete Representative

References

1993 births
Living people
Paralympic swimmers for the United States
Swimmers at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Swimmers at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
American male freestyle swimmers
American male backstroke swimmers
American male medley swimmers
21st-century American people
Der Eisenrost (literally 'The Iron Rust') is one of the premier industrial "Metal Percussion" units in Tokyo, Japan. They are best known for producing the film soundtrack for Shinya Tsukamoto's Tokyo Fist. Lead man and innovator Chu Ishikawa was notable for the futuristic, often industrial soundtracks for independent film creator Shinya Tsukamoto. Films such as Tetsuo: The Iron Man, Bullet Ballet, and Gemini rank among the best known.  Many of the members are also involved in their side project C.H.C. System.

Discography

CDs
 Armored Weapon (Live Documents '93-'94)

DVDs
 The Law of Causality (Live at Shibuya O-NEST 26 May 2004)

VHS
 Live@Shibuya LA MAMA 1998

External links
  Der Eisenrost Official Band web 
 Chu Ishikawa Homepage
 C.H.C. System Homepage (defunct)
 Der Eisenrost DVD info.

Japanese industrial music groups
Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Kaplychnyi (Russian: Владимир Александрович Капличный; 26 February 1944 – 19 April 2004) was a Ukrainian association football defender.

During his career he played for FC Dynamo Khmelnitsky (1962–1963), SKA Lviv (1964–1965) and PFC CSKA Moscow (1966–75). He earned 62 caps for the USSR national football team, and participated in UEFA Euro 1968, the 1970 FIFA World Cup, and UEFA Euro 1972. He also earned a bronze medal at the 1972 Olympics.

References

External links
Profile (in Russian)

1944 births
2004 deaths
People from Kamianets-Podilskyi
Ukrainian men's footballers
Jewish men's footballers
Soviet men's footballers
Soviet Union men's international footballers
UEFA Euro 1968 players
1970 FIFA World Cup players
UEFA Euro 1972 players
FC Podillya Khmelnytskyi players
SKA Lviv players
PFC CSKA Moscow players
Olympic footballers for the Soviet Union
Footballers at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for the Soviet Union
Jewish Ukrainian sportspeople
Soviet Jews
SKA Lviv managers
SC Odesa managers
Olympic medalists in football
Medalists at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Men's association football defenders
Ukrainian football managers
Footballers from Khmelnytskyi Oblast
() is the highest lieutenant officer rank in the German-speaking armed forces of Germany (Bundeswehr), the Austrian Armed Forces, and the Swiss Armed Forces.

Austria

Germany

In the German Army, it dates from the early 19th century. Translated as "senior lieutenant", the rank is typically bestowed upon commissioned officers after five to six years of active-duty service.

 is used by both the German Army and the German Air Force. In the NATO military comparison system, a German  is the equivalent of a First lieutenant in the Army/Air Forces of Allied nations.

Other uses

The equivalent naval rank is Oberleutnant zur See.

In Nazi Germany, within the SS, SA and Waffen-SS, the rank of Obersturmführer was considered the equivalent of an  in the German Army.

National People's Army 

In the GDR National People's Army (NPA) the rank was the highest lieutenant rank, until 1990. This was in reference to Soviet military doctrine and in line with other armed forces of the Warsaw pact.

The equivalent rank in the Volksmarine (en: GDR Navy) was Oberleutnant zur See. Later it was shortened to simply ; however, internally  continued to be used. With reference to the Soviet armed forces and to other armed forces of the Warsaw pact  was the second lowest officer rank until 1990.

Switzerland

See also
 Comparative army officer ranks of Europe
 Rank insignia of the German Bundeswehr
 Yliluutnantti

References

Bibliography 

 
 

Military ranks of Germany
Military officer ranks
Robert Douglas Galbraith  (28 October 1965 – 23 March 2018) was a Scottish historical novelist.

Early life
Galbraith was born in 1965 to Alan and Judy Galbraith. He was educated at The Glasgow Academy and the University of St Andrews, where he read mediaeval history. He then undertook a PhD at Pembroke College, Cambridge, where he met Tomoko Hanasaki.

Career
After working in the wine trade, he was able to focus on writing after the success of his first novel, The Rising Sun, in 2000. The novel explored the Scottish trade expedition to Darien in 1698, which ended in financial ruin. It was awarded the Saltire Award for Best First Novel. His follow-up novel, Crichton, (about the Scottish polymath James Crichton) was offered publication, but his agent rejected the offer, thinking that further offers would be forthcoming. None were, and it was subsequently only published as an e-book.

Works
The Rising Sun, (2000: Picador).
Crichton, (2010: e-book).
A Winter in China, (2005: Secker).
King Henry, (2008: Vintage).
My Son, My Son, (2012: Vintage).

Personal life
Galbraith married Tomoko Hanasaki in 1996; they had two sons, Satomi and Makoto. In 2003, when the boys were six and four, Galbraith returned from a meeting with his publishers to discover that Hanasaki had abducted them and taken them to Japan. His memoir My Son, My Son is about their abduction. Despite his best efforts, Galbraith never saw his sons again, and they remain (2022) missing.

Galbraith died in 2018, aged 52.

References 

1965 births
2018 deaths
Scottish historical novelists
Child abduction in the United Kingdom
People educated at the Glasgow Academy
Alumni of the University of St Andrews
Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge
Polystichum setiferum, the soft shield fern, is an evergreen or semi-evergreen fern native to southern and western Europe. The stalks and most midribs are coated with attractive cinnamon-brown scales. The Latin specific epithet setiferum means “with bristles”.

Distribution 
It is most abundant in Ireland, southwestern Great Britain, western France and northwest Iberia, where it benefits from the combination of mild winters and moist summers, but also occurs more locally north to northern Scotland and east to the Crimea and Turkey; in the Mediterranean it usually grows at high altitudes. It grows in woodlands, often but not always on steep slopes.

Description 

The fern's bright green fronds are  long, usually drooping downslope, with typically four to ten fronds on a mature plant. The fronds are soft-textured, bipinnate (single-pinnate on small, young plants), with the pinnae opposite on the stalk. Each pinna is  long, with a large upward-pointing pinnule at the base, and the other pinnules decreasing in size toward the pinna tip; the pinnules have softly bristly tips. Individual fronds remain lush and fresh-looking throughout the season. They live for nine to fifteen months and remain attached to the rhizome after withering. The round sori occupy two rows on either side of the midrib of each pinnule and are covered by a centrally-attached, umbrella-like indusium with fringed edges. They produce light yellow spores.

Cultivation 
Polystichum setiferum is frequently cultivated as an ornamental plant for use in gardens. There are many cultivars available: over 300 have been described although most are no longer in cultivation or not considered sufficiently distinct for an individual name. The following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit: 
Divisilobum Group 
’Divisilobum Densum’
 ‘Divisilobum Iveryanum’

References

Further reading 

 Flora Europaea: Polystichum setiferum
 Hyde, H. A., Wade, A. E., & Harrison, S. G. (1978). Welsh Ferns. National Museum of Wales.
 Rickard, Martin (2000). The Plantfinder's Guide to Garden Ferns. David & Charles
 Dyce, J. W. (2005). Polystichum Cultivars: Variation in the British Shield Ferns. British Pteridological Society

setiferum
Flora of Southwestern Europe
Flora of the Azores
Flora of Great Britain
Flora of Ireland
Garden plants of Europe
Marie Pachler (2 October 1794 – 10 April 1855) was an Austrian pianist. She was an admirer of Ludwig van Beethoven, and a friend of Franz Schubert.

Biography
Marie Pachler was born as Marie Leopold Koschak on 2 October 1794 in Graz, Austria. He father, Aldebrand Koschak was a Slovenian lawyer. Her mother, Therese, came from a business family in Vienna. Her parents encouraged her musical talents, and supported her musical and general education. She took music lessons from Heimrich Gugel and Julius Franz Borgias Schneller. During her childhood she performed at concerts organized by her father, and she also presented her first compositions at the age of nine. In the beginning of her musical career, she faced with financial problems.

On 12 May 1816 she married Karl Pachler, who was also a barrister in Graz. In 1817 she met Ludwig van Beethoven, German composer and pianist, who appreciated her musical talent.

She also performed along with Franz Schubert, an Austrian composer, in charity concert, which was organized by the Graz Music Association.

She died in Graz on 10 April 1855.

References

1794 births
1855 deaths
Austrian women pianists
19th-century Austrian musicians
Xiaoqiao Railway Station (小桥站) is a railway station on the Qingzang railway. It serves the city of Xining and is located 3 km from Xining Railway Station.

See also
List of stations on Qingzang railway

Buildings and structures in Xining
Railway stations in Qinghai
Stations on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway
Agia Eirini Gorge (Greek Φαράγγι Αγίας Ειρήνης), sometimes called St. Irene Gorge, is located in the south-west of the island of Crete, Greece, in Lefka Ori. The gorge starts near the village of Agia Eirini and it ends near the village of Sougia, on the south coast. It is  long and  deep, in a forested area with steep mountain cliffs. In 1866, 1,000 women and children escaped from the Ottomans through this gorge.

References

Gorges of Crete
Landforms of Chania (regional unit)
Nan Dunbar (18 July 1928 – 3 April 2005) was Fellow and Tutor in Classics at Somerville College, Oxford. She is known for her 1995 edition of Aristophanes' The Birds.

Early life and education 
Dunbar was born in Glasgow in 1928, where she attended Hutcheson's Girls School. She was the first in her family to attend university, graduating from the University of Glasgow with a first class honours degree and numerous awards including 'Most Distinguished Arts Graduate' in 1950. She then went on to study at Girton College, Cambridge, where she completed a second degree, achieving a first in both part of the Classical tripos.

Career 
Dunbar was appointed to a lectureship at the University of Edinburgh in 1952. Subsequently, she returned to Girton College, Cambridge, where she was a fellow and lecturer in Classics from 1952 to 1957. In 1957 she moved to the University of St Andrews, and in 1965 became a fellow of Somerville College, Oxford.

At Somerville, she was heavily involved with the running of the college, acting as the tutor for admissions and the steward of the college chapel, serving on the finance committee, and holding the office of Vice-Principal from 1983 until 1985. A portrait of her, bequeathed by her husband, is in the Somerville College Library. Somerville College also planted a Himalayan birch in its gardens in honour of Dunbar.

Edition of Aristophanes' Birds 
Dunbar took almost forty years to produce her "colossal" edition of Aristophanes' Birds with an introduction and commentary. It was finally published in 1995 to great acclaim. Her commentary is notable for its detailed discussion of the ornithological aspects of the play, reflecting detailed knowledge of modern ornithology.

An abridged edition for students was published by Oxford University Press in 1997.

Selected publications 

 1970. 'Three Notes on Aristophanes.' The Classical Review, 20(3), 269-273. doi:10.1017/S0009840X00227030 
 1990. The ornithology of Aristophanes' Bird-Wall: Birds 1136-1157. in ed. E. M. Craik 'Owls to Athens: essays on classical subjects presented to Sir Kenneth Dover.' 
 1995. (ed.), Aristophanes: Birds. Oxford: Clarendon Press,

References 

1928 births
2005 deaths
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Alumni of Girton College, Cambridge
Fellows of Somerville College, Oxford
Women classical scholars
British classical scholars
People educated at Hutchesons' Grammar School
Hu (), in ancient Egypt, was the deification of the first word, the word of creation, that Atum was said to have exclaimed upon ejaculating or, alternatively, his circumcision, in his masturbatory act of creating the Ennead.

Hu is mentioned already in the Old Kingdom Pyramid texts (PT 251, PT 697) as companion of the deceased pharaoh. Together with Sia, he was depicted in the retinue of Thoth, with whom he was also occasionally identified.

In the Middle Kingdom, all gods participated in Hu and Sia, and were associated with Ptah who created the universe by uttering the word of creation. Hu was depicted in human shape, as a falcon, or as a man with a ram's head.

In the New Kingdom, both Hu and Sia together with Heka, Irer and Sedjem were members of the fourteen creative powers of Amun-Ra. By the time of Ptolemaic Egypt, Hu had merged with Shu (air).

References
 Wilkinson, R. H., Die Welt der Götter im Alten Ägypten. Glaube - Macht - Mythologie , Stuttgart 2003

External links
 http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/hu.htm

Egyptian gods
Language and mysticism
Masturbation
Creation myths
Ptah
Epithets of Ptah
Epithets of Amun-Ra
Falcon deities

ca:Llista de personatges de la mitologia egípcia#H
Anne Marie Lucie Hedwige de Diesbach-Belleroche (born 15 September 1844 in Fribourg Switzerland - d. 10 November 1929 in Beaufort-en-Santerre, France) was a French rosarian.

She was the daughter of count Louis Alexandre Ladislas de Diesbach-Belleroche and of Caroline Constance de Maillardoz de Rue. Her father was chamberlain of the king of Württemberg, commander of the Order of St. Gregory the Great. Her father also was founder and vice president of the "Société Centrale d'Agriculture, d'Horticulture et d'Acclimatation" of Nice. The family also owned the "Villa Diesbach" rosarium, where the rosarian François Lacharme was in charge. Anna de Diesbach was interested in the breeding of roses and in 1859 he named a rose cultivar after her.

On 6 July 1872 Anne married Amédée Marie Ignace Anaclet Cardon de Garsignies (1846–1889) and had three daughters. She died on 10 November 1929 age 85 at her chateau in Beaufort-en-Santerre.

References

French horticulturists
Rose breeders
1844 births
1929 deaths
French women botanists
Women horticulturists and gardeners
19th-century French botanists
20th-century French botanists
People from Fribourg
Senator Hinkle may refer to:

Greg Hinkle (born 1946), Montana State Senate
James F. Hinkle (1862–1951), New Mexico State Senate
Jedediah Hinkle (born 1980), Montana State Senate
Hassan Al Mulla (; born 1951 in Doha, Qatar) is a Qatari artist specializing in paintings. He has been described as a "pioneer in painting in Qatar".

Early life and education
Al Mulla was born in Qatar's capital city Doha in 1951. He had been painting since his childhood. He joined the University of Baghdad's College of Fine Arts in 1972, specializing in oil paintings. In 1975, he graduated with a BA in fine arts.

Career
His paintings are surrealist. The most common themes in his paintings are childhood memories, traditional Qatari activities and the natural environment.

He was one of the eighteen founding members of the Qatari Fine Arts Society in 1980 and served as its second president. He is a former director of the Department of Culture and Arts. He taught painting at Qatar University. In 2011, he was the vice-president of the Qatar Society for Rehabilitation of People with Special Needs.

Exhibitions 
Al Mulla has participated in various regional and international art exhibitions. He participated in all of the Qatar Fine Arts' Society's exhibitions until 1995. His first solo exhibition was held in 1988. In 2013, he held his sixth solo exhibition.

Al Mulla had an exhibition in New Delhi in 2018 displaying 24 of his paintings. In 2020 the "Lived Forward: Art And Culture In Doha From 1960-2020" exhibition featured works from Al Mulla. In 2022 eight of his works were displayed in the Qatar collective art exhibition. He also participated in the Fire Station hosted exhibition "Abstraction: Subverting Reality".

References

1951 births
Qatari painters
Living people
Qatari contemporary artists
Academic staff of Qatar University
People from Doha
Libythea tsiandava is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Madagascar. The habitat consists of deciduous and humid lowland forests.

References

Butterflies described in 1891
Libythea
Butterflies of Africa
The Alpine orogeny or Alpide orogeny is an orogenic phase in the Late Mesozoic (Eoalpine) and the current Cenozoic that has formed the mountain ranges of the Alpide belt.

The cause of Alpine orogeny
The Alpine orogeny is caused by the continents Africa, Arabia and India and the small Cimmerian Plate colliding (from the south) with Eurasia in the north. Convergent movements between the tectonic plates (the African Plate, the Arabian Plate and the Indian Plate from the south, the Eurasian Plate from the north, and many smaller plates and microplates) had already begun in the early Cretaceous, but the major phases of mountain building began in the Paleocene to Eocene. The process continues currently in some of the Alpide mountain ranges.

The Alpine orogeny is considered one of the three major phases of orogeny in Europe that define the geology of that continent, along with the Caledonian orogeny that formed the Old Red Sandstone Continent when the continents Baltica and Laurentia collided in the early Paleozoic, and the Hercynian or Variscan orogeny that formed Pangaea when Gondwana and the Old Red Sandstone Continent collided in the middle to late Paleozoic.

Mountain ranges included
These mountains include (from west to east) the Atlas, the Rif, the Baetic Cordillera, the Cantabrian Mountains, the Pyrenees, the Alps, the Apennine Mountains, the Dinaric Alps, the Albanian Alps (Albanides), the Pindus (Hellenides), the Carpathians, the Balkanides (the Balkan Mountains and Rila-Rhodope massifs), the Pontic Mountains, the Taurus, the Antitaurus, the Armenian Highlands, the Caucasus, the Alborz, the Zagros, the Hajar, the Hindu Kush, the Pamir, the Karakoram, and the Himalayas.

Sometimes other names occur to describe the formation of separate mountain ranges: for example Carpathian orogeny for the Carpathians, Hellenic orogeny for the Pindus, Altai orogeny for the Altai Mountains or the Himalayan orogeny for the Himalayas.

The Alpine orogeny and more distant mountains
The Alpine orogeny has also led to the formation of more distant and smaller geological features such as the Weald–Artois Anticline in Southern England and northern France, the remains of which can be seen in the chalk ridges of the North and South Downs in southern England. Its effects are particularly visible on the Isle of Wight, where the Chalk Group and overlying Eocene strata are folded to near-vertical, as seen in exposures at Alum Bay and Whitecliff Bay, and on the Dorset coast near Lulworth Cove. Stresses arising from the Alpine orogeny caused the Cenozoic uplift of the Sudetes mountain range and possibly faulted rocks as far away as Öland in southern Sweden during the Paleocene.

See also
Andean orogeny
Fault block
Fold mountains
Geology of the Alps
Geology of the Himalaya

References

External links

Orogenies of Africa
Orogenies of Asia
Orogenies of Europe
Geology of the Alps
Mesozoic orogenies
Cenozoic orogenies
Geology of Algeria
Geology of Morocco
Geology of Spain