Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Indican is a colourless organic compound, soluble in water, naturally occurring in Indigofera plants. It is a precursor of indigo dye.

Chemical reactions
Common and significant reactions involving indican are as follows:
Indican is a glycoside. Its hydrolysis yields β-D-glucose and indoxyl.
Reaction of indoxyl (indican) by a mild oxidizing agent, e.g. atmospheric oxygen, yields indigo dye which is blue in colour.

Medical significance

Biosynthesis
A reaction, similar to the above-mentioned is seen in the normal population, who excrete small amounts of the chemical in their urine. Normal urine reacting to hydrogen peroxide does at times produce a bluish tinge.
Tryptophan is first converted to indole (excreted in faeces), then to indican by bacteria in the gut. Indican, being water-soluble, is then excreted through the urine. Following absorption from the gut, indole is converted to 3-hydroxy indole (indoxyl or indican) in the liver, where it is again then conjugated with sulfuric acid or glucuronic acid through normal xenobiotic metabolism pathways. It is then transported to the kidneys for excretion.

The enzyme "indoxyl esterase" has been found in humans and is involved in another pathway of chemical reactions involving indoxyl.

Pathology
In individuals affected by the blue diaper syndrome, the patients exhibit a defect in tryptophan metabolism. Tryptophan is first converted to indole, then to indican by bacteria in the gut. Indican is then excreted into the urine and from there into the diaper where, upon exposure to air, it is converted to indigo blue dye due to oxidation by atmospheric oxygen.

Indican interferes with many commercial procedures for measuring total bilirubin which can be a problem for renal failure patients where blood indican levels are raised. It can cause gastrointestinal symptoms in patients where protein absorption is reduced - like Hartnup's disease, allowing for greater bacterial decomposition of the tryptophan to indole and its conversion to indican.

References

Indoles
Glucosides
The Card Players is a 1916/7 painting by the Dutch artist Theo van Doesburg.

Background 
While portraying a common topic in art history - card players while smoking - the treatment was, in the 1910s, very new. Drawing on the new abstract style pioneered by Picasso, Kanindsky and Mondrian, van Doesburg's painting was executed while he and Mondrian were in the early days of the still developing De Stijl philosophy - a reaction to the natural looking paintings that were still common in exhibitions at the time. This particular painting however did not meet the pure abstraction of Cubism:  in the words of one commentator, the painting "transformed into arrangements of geometrical shapes but remain intact, rather than dissolving into separate blocks of colour dispersed over the background."

The painting hangs in the Kunstmuseum, The Hague, Netherlands, on long-term loan from the Dutch government collection.

References 

1917 paintings
Collections of the Kunstmuseum, The Hague
Diego de Escobar y Osorio (died February 22, 1649) was Governor of Paraguay from February 2, 1647 – February 22, 1649.

Biography
Diego de Escobar y Osorio was born in the Captaincy General of Chile, part of the Viceroyalty of Peru.  He attained the rank of Maestre de Campo , and became an oidor (judge) of the Real Audiencia of Charcas.  He was named Governor of Paraguay in 1644; however, he did not arrive in the province to begin his governorship until February 1647.  On his journey there, he met in Corrientes Bernardino de Cárdenas, the deposed Bishop of Asunción.  Cárdenas had been involved in an acrimonious dispute with the Governor of Paraguay being replaced, Gregorio de Hinestrosa.  Cárdenas pleaded his case to Osorio and gained his temporary support; the two entered Asunción together to a warm welcome from the citizenry, and Osorio replaced Hinestrosa.

Despite Osorio's support of Cárdenas's return, he stayed neutral in the continuing dispute between Cárdenas's faction and Hinestrosa's faction.  Notably, the Franciscan order supported Cárdenas, while the Jesuits had supported Hinestrosa.  According to historian Adalberto López, Osorio "proved to be an exceptionally intelligent and able administrator" and he "managed to keep himself neutral and to prevent violent threats from becoming violent acts."  However, his reign was short; Osorio died only 2 years into his term.  Using the Royal Decree of 1537, the Paraguayans elected Bishop Cárdenas as the replacement governor to succeed Osorio, setting up a clash of Paraguay against the Jesuit missions and the rest of the Spanish Empire.

References

Governors of Paraguay
Spanish soldiers
17th-century Chilean people
Year of birth unknown
1649 deaths
Lasioglossum semicaeruleum is a species of sweat bee in the family Halictidae.

References

Further reading

External links

 

semicaeruleum
Articles created by Qbugbot
Insects described in 1895
An ADE model is a genetic model for twin studies which includes dominance genetic effects.

A stands for additive genetic effects, D for non-additive genetic (or dominance) effects, and E for nonshared environment effects.

See also
ACE model

References

Twin studies
Quantitative genetics
Maraska is a Croatian company best known for its maraschino, a liqueur obtained from the distillation of Marasca cherries.

History

In 1759, Francesco Drioli, a Venetian merchant, began industrial-scale production of maraschino in Zadar, Croatia, which was then part of the Republic of Venice. As the reputation of Maraschino grew, so did that of Zadar, which prompted other factories to emerge and become established, particularly those of Girolamo Luxardo (1821) and Romano Vlahov (1861). Together they formed  (the maraschino industry of Zadar). 

After the Second World War the historic factories, including all usable equipment, were nationalized and unified into a single enterprise which eventually gave rise to a new factory called Maraska, located in the former Luxardo premises.

In 2022 the company was acquired by Stanić Group.

References

Food and drink companies of Croatia
Croatian brands
Economy of Zadar
Records life-cycle in records management refers to the following stages of a records "life span": from its creation to its preservation (in an archives) or disposal. While various models of the records life-cycle exist, they all feature creation or receipt, use, and disposition.

Overview
The records management phase of the records life-cycle consists of:
 creation
 classification
 maintenance
 disposition 

Creation occurs during the receipt of information in the form of records. Records or their information is classified in some logical system. As records are used they require maintenance. Disposition encompasses the destruction or transfer to an archive for future reference.

This is then followed by a second, archival phase consisting of:
 the selection or acquisition of the records by an archives
 a description of the records in inventories, finding aids and the like
 the preservation of the records or, perhaps, the information in the records
 Researchers and scholars may continue to reference and use of the information contained within the records.

Continuum model

In the 1930s Emmett Leahy of the United States National Archives had a central role in developing a program to define the records life-cycle from creation and use through eventual destruction or archiving. Richard Berner of the University of Washington proposed a single records management-archives goal: "responsible records use and administration leading to either authorized destruction or archival preservation and administration".

The professions of records management and archives, while distinct, surely are working towards the same objective: the effective management of recorded information through all stages of the continuum, from creation to disposal. Effective management of recorded information (what Berner calls "responsible records use and administration") requires ongoing cooperative interaction between the records manager and the archivist in order to:

 ensure the creation of the right records, containing the right information, in the right format;
 organize the records and analyze their content and significance to facilitate their availability;
 make them available promptly to those (administrators and researchers alike) who have a right and a requirement to see them;
 systematically dispose of records that are no longer required; and
 protect and preserve the information for as long as it may be needed (if necessary, forever).

Important later contributions were made by Frank Upward and his development of the Records Continuum Model.

See also
 Information Lifecycle Management
 Retention period

References

Further reading

Records management
Orepukia is a genus of South Pacific araneomorph spiders in the family Cycloctenidae, known only from New Zealand. First described by Raymond Robert Forster & C. L. Wilton in 1973, it was originally placed in Agelenidae, but was transferred to Cycloctenidae in 2017. Their webs are built on the ground between fallen branches, logs, and other debris, and they are commonly found on the South Island, but hardly ever anywhere else. They range in size from  and lack a cribellum. Their eight eyes are in two rows, the anterior row straight and the other slightly curved. Their jaws are vertical and the labium is notched near the base.

Species 
 it contains twenty-four species:
Orepukia alta Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
Orepukia catlinensis Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
Orepukia dugdalei Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
Orepukia egmontensis Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
Orepukia florae Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
Orepukia geophila Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
Orepukia grisea Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
Orepukia insula Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
Orepukia nota Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
Orepukia nummosa (Hogg, 1909) — New Zealand
Orepukia orophila Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
Orepukia pallida Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
Orepukia poppelwelli Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
Orepukia prina Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
Orepukia rakiura Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
Orepukia redacta Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
Orepukia riparia Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
Orepukia sabua Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
Orepukia similis Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
Orepukia simplex Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
Orepukia sorenseni Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
Orepukia tanea Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
Orepukia tonga Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
Orepukia virtuta Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand

References 

Cycloctenidae
Spiders of New Zealand
Araneomorphae genera
Taxa named by Raymond Robert Forster
The 2018 Asian Youth Olympic Games Qualifier for girls' field hockey event will be held from the 25th until 29 April 2018 in Bangkok, Thailand. Only the winner and runner-up are qualifying for the finals.

Qualified teams

Format
The nine teams will be split into two groups of four and five teams. The top two teams of each pool advance to the semifinals to determine the winner in a knockout system. The 3rd placed teams from each pool will play for the 5th/6th place. The and 4th placed teams from each pool and the 5th placed team from pool A will play for the 7th/9th place.

Results
All times are local (UTC+7).

First round

Pool A

Pool B

Second round

Fifth to ninth place classification
7–9th place bracket

Crossover

Seventh and eighth place

Fifth and sixth place

First to fourth place classification

Semifinals

Third and fourth place

Final

Final standings

References

2018
Sports competitions in Bangkok
2018 sports events in Bangkok
April 2018 sports events in Asia
Field hockey at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics
Randolph/Wabash was an elevated 'L' station in the Loop in Chicago. Located at Randolph Street and Wabash Avenue, it served trains running on the Chicago Transit Authority's Brown and Green Lines on the outer loop track, and the Green, Orange, Pink, and Purple Lines on the inner loop track. Randolph/Wabash was the closest 'L' station to Metra's Millennium Station until its closure on September 3, 2017. The station was later demolished.

History
Randolph/Wabash opened on November 8, 1896, to be used by trains on the Lake Street Elevated Railroad (now the western section of the Green Line). The original inner loop station house was replaced in 1957, and the outer loop station house was removed in the 1960s. On September 3, 2017, Randolph/Wabash closed, three days after its replacement, Washington/Wabash station, opened.

In popular culture
Randolph/Wabash was used for exterior shots in the 1995 film While You Were Sleeping. The station also appeared in the 1987 film Adventures in Babysitting. In addition, a 2015 Apple advertising campaign, "Shot on iPhone 6", features the short journey between Randolph/Wabash and State/Lake shot in time lapse.

Gallery

Notes and references

Notes

References

External links

Randolph/Wabash Station Page at Chicago-L.org
Randolph Street entrance from Google Maps Street View

CTA Brown Line stations
CTA Green Line stations
CTA Orange Line stations
CTA Purple Line stations
CTA Pink Line stations
Historic American Engineering Record in Chicago
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1896
Former North Shore Line stations
Defunct Chicago "L" stations
Railway stations closed in 2017
Demolished railway stations in the United States
The synapsins are a family of proteins that have long been implicated in the regulation of neurotransmitter release at synapses. Specifically, they are thought to be involved in regulating the number of synaptic vesicles available for release via exocytosis at any one time. Synapsins are present in invertebrates and vertebrates and are strongly conserved across all species. They are expressed in highest concentration in the nervous system, although they also express in other body systems such as the reproductive organs, including both eggs and spermatozoa. Synapsin function also increases as the organism matures, reaching its peak at sexual maturity.

Current studies suggest the following hypothesis for the role of synapsin: synapsins bind synaptic vesicles to components of the cytoskeleton which prevents them from migrating to the presynaptic membrane and releasing neurotransmitter. During an action potential, synapsins are phosphorylated by PKA (cAMP dependent protein kinase), releasing the synaptic vesicles and allowing them to move to the membrane and release their neurotransmitter.

Gene knockout studies in mice (where the mouse is unable to produce synapsin) have had some surprising results. Consistently, knockout studies have shown that mice lacking one or more synapsins have defects in synaptic transmission induced by high‐frequency stimulation, suggesting that the synapsins may be one of the factors boosting release probability in synapses at high firing rates, such as by aiding the recruitment of vesicles from the reserve pool. Furthermore, mice lacking all three synapsins are prone to seizures, and experience learning defects. These results suggest that while synapsins are not essential for synaptic function, they do serve an important modulatory role. Lastly, observed effects seemed to vary between inhibitory and excitatory synapses, suggesting synapsins may play a slightly different role in each type.

Family members 

Humans and most other vertebrates possess three genes encoding three different synapsin proteins.  Each gene in turn is alternatively spliced to produce at least two different protein isoforms for a total of six isoforms:

Different neuron terminals will express varying amounts of each of these synapsin proteins and collectively these synapsins will comprise 1% of the total expressed protein at any one time. Synapsin Ia has been implicated in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

References 

Molecular neuroscience
Protein families
Peripheral membrane proteins
Justus Engelhardt Kühn (unknown-c1717) was a portrait painter active in colonial Maryland in the early part of the eighteenth century. He was the earliest professional artist to work in the Middle Atlantic colonies. A number of his portraits are held in the collection of the Maryland Historical Society.

Early life
Kuhn was a Protestant, of German origin. Little is known of his early life.

Career
Kuhn was active in the early 1700s and painted a number of local dignitaries in Maryland including Henry Darnall III, Charles Carroll of Annapolis and Eleanor Darnall Carroll.

Kuhn applied for naturalization at Annapolis in 1708. He became the churchwarden at St. Ann's church at Annapolis in 1717. He died six months later.

Gallery

Notes

References
 Roarke, Elizabeth, Artists of Colonial America. Retrieved 16 August 2018

External links
Kuhn and MDHS.org Retrieved 16 August 2018

18th-century American painters
18th-century American male artists
American male painters
American people of German descent
Painters from Maryland
German emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies
Year of birth unknown
1717 deaths
Halseyella is a monotypic moth genus in the subfamily Lymantriinae described by Nye in 1980. Its only species, Halseyella flavicollis, was first described by John Henry Leech in 1890. It is found in the Chinese province of Hubei.

References

Lymantriinae
Monotypic moth genera
The Mermaid Stakes (Japanese マーメイドステークス) is a Grade 3 horse race for Thoroughbred fillies and mares aged three and over, run in June over a distance of 2000 metres on turf at Hanshin Racecourse.

It was first run in 1996 and has held Grade 3 status ever since. The 2006 contest took place at Kyoto Racecourse.

Winners

See also
 Horse racing in Japan
 List of Japanese flat horse races

References

Turf races in Japan
Károly Bazini (18 February 1910 – 1 March 1973) was a Hungarian rower. He competed in the men's double sculls event at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

References

1910 births
1973 deaths
Hungarian male rowers
Olympic rowers for Hungary
Rowers at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Rowers from Budapest
Evolutionary Computation is a peer-reviewed academic journal published four times a year by the MIT Press. The journal serves as an international forum for researchers exchanging information in the field which deals with computational systems drawing their inspiration from nature.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 3.826.

Editor-in-chief is Emma Hart. She succeeded Hans-Georg Beyer, who was editor-in-chief from 2010 until 2016.

References

English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1993
Evolutionary computation
Quarterly journals
Computer science journals
MIT Press academic journals
Bernard Stora (born 22 November 1942) is a French director and screenwriter.

Filmography

References

External links
 

1942 births
French film directors
French male screenwriters
French screenwriters
Living people
Mass media people from Marseille
United Nations Security Council resolution 1008, adopted unanimously on 7 August 1995, after reaffirming Resolution 696 (1991) and all subsequent resolutions on Angola, the Council discussed the monitoring of a ceasefire and implementation of peace accords, and extended the mandate of the United Nations Angola Verification Mission III (UNAVEM III) until 8 February 1996.

The Security Council reiterated the importance of the Accordos de Paz and Lusaka Protocol peace agreements between the Government of Angola and UNITA, of which both parties had agreed a timetable for implementing. The Council noted that the peace process in Angola had entered a new a promising phase with growing trust between the two parties; it was calm in most areas of the country though there were still a number of ceasefire violations. Human rights monitors and the deployment of United Nations military and police monitors had contributed significantly to the security situation in the country.

The commitment of both parties was commended but there was concern about the slow implementation of the Lusaka Protocol, and especially the dissolution of the troops, demining and the establishment of quartering areas. The importance of the electoral process was stressed and called for both parties to establish a timetable for the formation of new army, a prisoner of war exchange and repatriation of mercenaries.

The two parties were urged to put an end to the laying of land mines and to report unauthorised troop movements. It was also equally important for the population to be disarmed, the dissemination of objective information through Radio UNAVEM and the need to reach the full strength of UNAVEM III as soon as possible. Concern was expressed at violence by unaffiliated groups and called for measures to disarm them. The parties were called upon to allow access to all military facilities by UNAVEM III, and the Angolan government and UNITA also had to ensure that relief supplies could travel freely throughout the country.

Resolution 1008 concluded by asking for further contributions from member states and donors towards the reconstruction of Angola, particularly for roads, and for Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali to submit a report every two months on the situation in the country.

See also
 Angolan Civil War
 List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1001 to 1100 (1995–1997)
 United Nations Angola Verification Mission I
 United Nations Angola Verification Mission II

References

External links
 
Text of the Resolution at undocs.org

 1008
1995 in Angola
 1008
August 1995 events
La-ba'shum of Uruk was the eighth Sumerian ruler in the First Dynasty of Uruk (ca. 26th century BC), according to the Sumerian King List.

|-

Sumerian kings
26th-century BC Sumerian kings
Kings of Uruk
Raffles Makkah Palace is a hotel located in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The 18-story hotel is a 5-star luxury hotel operated by Raffles Hotels & Resorts, which is under the Fairmont Hotels and Resorts corporate umbrella.  The property is located directly adjacent to Masjid al-Haram, the Grand Mosque.

History
Construction on the hotel began in 2009 and was officially opened on August 12, 2010 . The exterior and interior of the hotel were designed and constructed by Areen Hospitality, a London based firm. The design goal was to incorporate touches of local Saudi Arabian architecture and culture.

While Raffles Makkah Palace is managed by Fairmont hotels & Resort, Kingdom Hotels International and Colony Capital LLC both remain key shareholders in the property. The hotel is also a part of the Kind Abdul Aziz Endowment, which has the goal to modernize the city in catering to the Hajj pilgrims. The property is located close to various tourist attractions such as Masjid Al-Haram, Kaaba, Jabal Al Nour (Mountain of Light), Al Jamarat, Jabal Thawr, and Abraj Al Bait Shopping Mall.

Awards and accolades
Raffles Makkah Palace has won a variety of luxury hospitality awards including:
 Raffles Makkah Palace Honorable Mention – The Middle East Interior Design Competition (2013)
 2013 Middle East’s Leading Luxury Hotel (World Travel Awards)
 2012 Middle East’s Leading Luxury Hotel (World Travel Awards)
 2011 World’s Leading Luxury All Suite Hotel (World Travel Awards)
 2011 Middle East’s Leading Luxury Hotel (World Travel Awards)

Footnotes

Buildings and structures in Mecca
Hotels in Saudi Arabia
Raffles Hotels & Resorts
2010 establishments in Saudi Arabia
Hotels established in 2010
Hotel buildings completed in 2010
George Sayer was an Anglican priest in the mid 17th  century.

Sayer was born in the parish of St Gregory in the City of London  and educated at Oriel College, Oxford. He held the living at Witham from 1722, and the Archdeacon of Durham from 1730 until his death on 26 July 1761.

Notes 

Archdeacons of Durham
1761 deaths
Alumni of Oriel College, Oxford
Deans of Bocking
Shashank Nag (born 20 August 1982) is an Indian former cricketer. He played seventeen first-class matches for Hyderabad between 2004 and 2010.

See also
 List of Hyderabad cricketers

References

External links
 

1982 births
Living people
Indian cricketers
Hyderabad cricketers
People from Krishna district
Cricketers from Andhra Pradesh
Hyderabad Heroes cricketers