Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Verticordia oxylepis, commonly known as bonsai featherflower, is a flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a small shrub, often with a layered appearance, small leaves and very small yellow and pink flowers.

Description
Verticordia oxylepis is a shrub which usually grows to a height of up to  and   wide with its main branches mostly horizontal. Its leaves are linear to almost club-shaped,  long and semi-circular in cross-section.

The flowers and arranged in rounded groups near the ends of the branches, each flower on a stalk  long and smelling faintly of mice. The floral cup is hemispherical and  long. The sepals are green and reddish,  long, deeply divided into thin filaments, partly whitish and partly brownish. The petals are cream to yellowish, egg-shaped, about  long, and fade to reddish or brown. The style is  long, straight and hairy near the tip. Flowering time is from October to January.

Taxonomy and naming
Verticordia oxylepis was first formally described by Nikolai Turczaninow in 1852 from a specimen collected by James Drummond. The description was published in Bulletin de la Classe Physico-Mathématique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg. The specific epithet (oxylepis) is derived from the Ancient Greek words oxys meaning "sharp" or "acute" and lepis meaning "a scale", probably in reference to the pointed sepals.

When Alex George reviewed the genus Verticordia in 1991, he placed this species in subgenus Verticordia, section Infuscata along with V. longistylis.

Distribution and habitat
This verticordia grows in sandy clay, in exposed rocky areas and in heath. It occurs in the area between the Gairdner River and Hopetoun in the Esperance Plains, Avon Wheatbelt, and Mallee biogeographic regions.

Conservation
Verticordia oxylepis is classified as "Not Threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.

Use in horticulture
Bonsai featherflower is a very slow growing plant. It has been propagated from both cuttings and from seed, and have been grown in a range of soils where they have proven to be hardy in full sun.

References

oxylepis
Rosids of Western Australia
Eudicots of Western Australia
Plants described in 1857
Taxa named by Nikolai Turczaninow
Events in the year 1115 in Norway.

Incumbents

 Monarchs – Eystein I Magnusson, Sigurd the Crusader, Olaf Magnusson (co-rulers)

Events

Births

Deaths
22 December – Olaf Magnusson of Norway, King (born c. 1099).

References

Norway
The Word of a Gentleman (1981) (later retitled Undercut) was the third of five novels written by Peter Niesewand, the South African journalist who spent 73 days in solitary confinement for his coverage of Ian Smith's government in Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). Set in the fictional former British colony of St David's Island, it has no principal protagonists beyond the corrupt trio of Claud Montrose, Alec Clifton, and Stephen Luther, but the subversive influence of the American agent Clive Lyle is progressively revealed as the story unfolds. The fate of the unjustly imprisoned Stephen Ayer and his wife Nora are the focus of many chapters (and the book opens with a quotation from Oscar Wilde's The Ballad of Reading Gaol); these reflect Niesewand's detention by Desmond Lardner-Burke under P. K. van der Byl and Smith, and his subsequent deportation, leaving behind his wife of three years, Nonie Niesewand (née Fogarty).

References

1981 novels
20th-century South African novels
UEM may refer to:

Unified Endpoint Management
University of Engineering & Management (UEM), Jaipur, India
University of Engineering & Management (UEM), Kolkata, India
 User environment management
 Universidade Eduardo Mondlane in Mozambique
 Universidade Estadual de Maringá in Paraná State, Brazil
 Union Européenne de Motocyclisme, the European Motorcycle Union
 UEM Group, formerly United Engineers Malaysia Berhad
 Kolej Yayasan UEM, a college in Malaysia
Interact with our program: https://www.esmap.org/node/70853
ESMAP was established in 1983 in response to the global energy crisis of the late 1970s, and the impact this was having on the economies of oil-importing developing countries. ESMAP has since operated in over 100 countries through more than 800 activities covering a broad range of energy issues.

Role
Achieving Universal Energy Access By 2030 And Advancing Decarbonization

Activities
Visit our Activities Dashboard: https://www.esmap.org/activities

Governance
ESMAP is governed by a Consultative Group (CG) comprising representatives from contributing donors and chaired by the Senior Director of the World Bank's Energy and Extractives Practice Group. The CG meets annually to review ESMAP's strategic direction, achievements, use of resources and funding requirements.

The World Bank's Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) also reviews and assesses the performance of all World Bank Global Trust-Funded Programs.  This includes an evaluation of ESMAP against its business plans, investment frameworks, and the effectiveness and efficiency of the deployment of trust fund resources. In addition, IEG assesses the World Bank's management and accountability for the use of trust fund resources and the impact of trust funds on the World Bank's development role. Read the most recent IEG evaluation. 

ESMAP's latest Independent External Evaluation completed in March 2020 is a requirement by the World Bank to review the performance of programs reaching the end of their business plans. On this occasion, the evaluation covers the 2017-2020 Business Plan.  A Briefing Note was also prepared aiming at synthesizing the contents of the full evaluation.  As customary, following the evaluation's recommendations, ESMAP Management prepared a response.

The previous Independent External Evaluation covered a four-year period from July 2011 to June 2015.  Two years of the previous (2008-2013) and the subsequent (2014-2016) ESMAP business plans, and one year of the previous ASTAE business plan and three years of the ASTAE business plan (2012-2016).  With both these business plans having reached their end date, the World Bank Group (WBG) required an external evaluator to review the performance of ESMAP and ASTAE against their respective business plans and investment frameworks. As a follow-up to the evaluation's recommendations, the ESMAP Management Team prepared a response.

Download full list of ESMAP's Donors: https://www.esmap.org/sites/default/files/Donor%20Logos-Agencies%20by%20Country.pdf

External links
 ESMAP website
 World Bank website - energy

References 

Sustainable energy
World Bank
Tony Huntson (also spelled Hunston) was an Irish footballer who played for Brooklyn F.C. As an international he also played for the Irish Free State.

Career
Huntson is listed as having scored one goal for Brooklyn in the 1923–24 season. He made his international debut for the Irish Free State on 16 June 1924 in a friendly against the United States. This game would be the Irish Free State's first-ever international match on home turf. A crowd of just under 4,000 spectators at Dalymount Park witnessed Ed Brooks score a hattrick in a 3–1 win for the home side. This would be Huntson's only cap for Ireland at senior level.

References

League of Ireland players
Irish Olympic Council men's international footballers
Irish Free State men's association footballers
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Men's association football players not categorized by position
Irish Free State men's international footballers
Minasniyuq (Spanish minas mines, Quechua -ni, -yuq  suffixes, "the one with mines", hispanicized spelling Minasnioc) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about  high. It is located in the Arequipa Region, Castilla Province, Andagua District. Minasniyuq lies south of Wakapallqa, southwest of Llallawi and southeast of Puma Ranra. It is situated at the Q'illu Q'illu valley (Jellojello).

References 

Mountains of Peru
Mountains of Arequipa Region
The Ministry of National Defence () is  a government ministry office of the Republic of Tunisia, responsible for coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government concerned directly with national security and the Tunisian Armed Forces. The current minister is Imed Memmich since 2021.

List of ministers
This is a list of defence ministers of Tunisia.

1956–1957: Habib Bourguiba
1957–1966: Bahi Ladgham
1966–1968: Ahmed Mestiri
1968: Bahi Ladgham
1968–1969: Mohammed Mzali
1969–1970: Beji Caid Essebsi
1970–1971: Hassib Ben Ammar
1971–1972: Béchir M'hedhbi
1972–1974: Abdallah Farhat
1974–1976: Hédi Khefacha
1976–1979: Abdallah Farhat
1979–1980: Rachid Sfar
1980–1988: Slaheddine Baly
1988–1991: Abdallah Kallel
1991: Habib Boularès
1991–1996: Abdelaziz Ben Dhia
1996–1997: Abdallah Kallel
1997–1999: Habib Ben Yahia
1999–2001: Mohamed Jegham
2001–2004: Dali Jazi
2004–2005: Hédi M'henni
2005–2010: Kamel Morjane
2010–2011: Ridha Grira
2011–2013: Abdelkarim Zbidi
2013–2014: Rachid Sabbagh
2014–2015: Ghazi Jeribi
2015–2017: Farhat Horchani
2017–2019: Abdelkarim Zbidi
2019–2020: Mohamed Karim El Jamoussi (interim)
2020–2021: Imed Hazgui
2021: Brahim Bartagi
2021: Imed Memmich

External links
Official Website of the Tunisian Ministry of Defence

Defence
Defence
Politicians
Ministries established in 1957
1957 establishments in Tunisia
Tunisia
Vertical transmission of symbionts is the transfer of a microbial symbiont from the parent directly to the offspring.  Many metazoan species carry symbiotic bacteria which play a mutualistic, commensal, or parasitic role.  A symbiont is acquired by a host via horizontal, vertical, or mixed transmission.

Implications 
Complex interdependence occurs between host and symbiont. The genetic pool of the symbiont is generally smaller and more subject to genetic drift. In true vertical transmission, the evolutionary outcomes of the host and symbiont are linked. If there is mixed transmission, new genetic material may be introduced. Generally, symbionts settle into specific niches and can even transfer part of their genome into the host nucleus.

Evolutionary consequences

Benefits 
The mechanism promotes tightly coupled evolutionary pressure, which causes the host and symbiont to function as a holobiont.

Disadvantages 
Evolutionary bottlenecks lead to less symbiont diversity, and thus resilience.  Similarly, this greatly reduces the effective population size. Ultimately, without an influx of new genetic material, the population becomes clonal.  Mutations tend to persist in symbionts and build up over time.

Transmission Modes

Matrilineal

Germline 
Since the egg contributes the organelles and has more space and opportunity for intracellular symbionts to be passed to subsequent generations, it is a very common method of vertical transmission.  Intracellular symbionts can migrate from the bacteriocyte to the ovaries and become incorporated in germ cells.

Live birth 
Human infants acquire their microbiome from their mothers, from every sphere where there is contact.  This includes potentially the mother's vagina, gastrointestinal tract, skin, mouth and breastmilk. These routes are typical if the delivery is a vaginal birth and the infant is nursed. When other actions, such as Caesarian delivery, bottle feeding, or maternal antibiotics during nursing occur, these modes of vertical transmission are disrupted.

Patrilineal 
Though extremely rare, Rickettsia is transmitted to Nephotettix cincticep through the paternal line in the sperm.

Aposymbiotic 
Earthworms (Eisenia) have an extracellular symbiont, Verminephrobacter. Rather than being passed through the egg in the germline, the young are aposymbiotic when still in the egg capsule; however, they acquire Verminephrobacter before the egg capsule ruptures, so it is still vertical transmission.

Well studied archetypes

Pea aphids and Buchnera 
Pea Aphids do not get all of the necessary amino acids from their diet.  Buchnera, synthesize the needed ones in an obligate relationship.

Head lice and Candidatus Riesia pediculicola 
The head louse (Pediculus humanus)  has an obligate symbiotic relationship with Candidatus Riesia pediculicola.  The louse provides shelter and protection while bacteria provides essential B vitamins. C. riesia lives in the bacteriocyte but move to the ovaries to be transmitted to the next generation.

References

Symbiosis
Apodostigma is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Celastraceae.

Its native range is Tropical Africa and Madagascar.

Species:

Apodostigma pallens

References

Celastraceae
Celastrales genera
Yoshiki District may refer to:

 Yoshiki District, Gifu
 Yoshiki District, Yamaguchi
Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. The commune was named after a large marae complex which was the religious center of eastern Polynesia for roughly 1000 years. The archaeological site of Taputapuatea marae is still today the most famous landmark of Raiatea, and it was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2017.

Taputapuatea consists of the following associated communes:
 Avera
 Opoa
 Puohine

The administrative centre of the commune is the settlement of Avera.

References

Communes of French Polynesia
World Heritage Sites in France
World Heritage Sites in French Polynesia
The Coat of arms of Gothenburg consists of images from Sweden's great coat of arms and is meant to symbolize the city as Sweden's western defence. The lion is from the arms of the Folkunga dynasty, which in the 17th century was considered to be the arms of Götaland and it holds the arms of Sweden, three crowns, defending this with a sword. The oldest description of the arms is from a letters patent from 1607.

The lion in the arms of Gothenburg is turned to heraldic left. This was originally probably made by mistake, but due to its long tradition the lion has remained in this position. An animal facing left is symbolizing someone fleeing, while one facing right would symbolize attack. The left facing version was eventually decided by Royal decision in 1952, in spite of protests from the National Heraldry Office. It may be noted that the Gothenburg-based football club IFK Göteborg has the lion turned to the other side in its logo which is based on the city arms.

References

Gothenburg
Gothenburg
Gothenburg
Gothenburg
Gothenburg
Porphyry Mountain is a prominent 6,375-foot (1,943 meter) mountain summit located in the Wrangell Mountains, in the U.S. state of Alaska. The peak is situated in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, immediately southeast of Kennecott,  northeast of McCarthy, and,  northwest of Sourdough Peak. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of the Nizina River, which in turn is part of the Copper River drainage basin. The peak is notable for a rock glacier on its north slope. The mountain was so named because it is largely composed of porphyry, which is a very hard igneous rock. The mountain's local name was reported in 1908 by the U.S. Geological Survey. On a clear day the summit of Porphyry Mountain offers views of Donoho Peak, Kennicott Glacier, and Mount Blackburn to the northwest, and Fireweed Mountain to the west.

Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Porphyry Mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool summers. Weather systems coming off the Gulf of Alaska are forced upwards by the Wrangell Mountains (orographic lift), causing heavy precipitation in the form of rainfall and snowfall. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for viewing and climbing.

See also

List of mountain peaks of Alaska
Geography of Alaska
Kennecott, Alaska

References

External links
 Weather forecast: Porphyry Mountain
 National Creek Rock Glacier: Fickr photo

Mountains of Alaska
Landforms of Copper River Census Area, Alaska
Wrangell–St. Elias National Park and Preserve
North American 1000 m summits
Wohlschlag Bay () is a large bay indenting the western side of Ross Island, Antarctica, and lying between Harrison Bluff and Cape Royds. It was first charted by the Discovery Expedition under Robert Falcon Scott, 1901–1904, then named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) in 1964 for Donald E. Wohlschlag, professor of biology at Stanford University, who outfitted the biology laboratories on the USNS Eltanin and at McMurdo Station.

Romanes Beach

Romanes Beach is a beach on the north shore of Wohlschlag Bay, just south of Harrison Bluff. It was mapped by a party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE), 1958–59, landed there by the . It was named by the New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC) for W. Romanes, mountaineer assistant with the expedition.

Maumee Bight 
The southern part of the bay is formed by Maumee Bight, a  long bight between Rocky Point and Micou Point. In association with the names of expedition ships grouped on this island, it was named after , a tanker that made at least 12 Antarctic deployments to the Ross Sea from 1969–70 to 1984–85.

Alcorta Rocks

On the east side of the Maumee Bight are the Alcorta Rocks, a nunatak  east-northeast of Rocky Point. The feature rises to about  and is distinctive because three ridges radiate from the center. The rocks were named by US-ACAN in 2000 for Jesse J. Alcorta, a year-round support employee with eight field seasons at McMurdo Station from 1992–93.

References

Bays of Ross Island
Martin Joseph Hillenbrand (August 1, 1915 – February 2, 2005) was an American diplomat who served as the U.S. Ambassador to the Federal Republic of Germany from 1972 to 1976.

Career
Born in Youngstown, Ohio, to a family of German descent, Hillenbrand attained a Ph.D. in 1948 from Columbia University. He became a U.S. foreign service officer almost a decade earlier, entering the U.S. Foreign Service in 1939, and served in multiple positions before being named Assistant Secretary of State for European and Canadian Affairs during the Nixon Administration.

During his 37-year career in the U.S. Foreign Service, he held assignments in Switzerland, Washington, D.C., Burma, India, Portuguese East Africa (now: Mozambique), Germany, France, and Hungary. He served as U.S. Ambassador to Hungary from 1967–1969 and later as the U.S. Ambassador to the Federal Republic of Germany from June 27, 1972, to October 18, 1976.

During his career, Ambassador Hillenbrand developed expertise on European affairs, and he devoted a significant portion of his career to topics related to Germany where he played an instrumental role as a diplomat during the Berlin Crisis from 1958 to 1962.

Later years
After retiring from the U.S. Foreign Service, the former Ambassador Hillenbrand served as the Director-General of the Atlantic Institute for International Affairs in Paris, France, from 1977-1982. In 1982, Dr. Hillenbrand was named Dean Rusk Professor of International Relations at the University of Georgia and held this position until his retirement from this university in 1997. In his retirement, the former Ambassador Hillenbrand published his memoirs: "Fragments of Our Time: Memoirs of a Diplomat" (University of Georgia Press: 1998).
 
In 2004 Ambassador Hillenbrand participated in an oral history project that focused on his role and understanding of significant world events during his career in the U.S. Foreign Service and also considered his outlook on the future. Audio and video recordings from this project are housed in the Richard B. Russell Library at the University of Georgia.

Hillenbrand died in Athens, Georgia, on February 2, 2005, at the age of 89.

References

1915 births
2005 deaths
American people of German descent
Hillenbrand, Martin J.
Ambassadors of the United States to Hungary
Ambassadors of the United States to Germany
United States Foreign Service personnel
20th-century American diplomats
Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Vivek Dahiya (born 8 November 1984) is an Indian television actor. He is known for portraying the role of Abhishek Singh (a police officer) in Yeh Hai Mohabbatein, Rajbeer Bundela in Kavach – Kaali Shaktiyon Se and Rajvardhan Suryavanshi in Qayamat Ki Raat. He emerged as winner of the reality series Nach Baliye 8 in 2017. He made his debut in TV industry with Yeh Hai Aashiqui in 2013.

Early life
Dahiya was born on 8 November 1984 in Chandigarh in a Hindu Jat family. He pursued his master's degree M.Sc. in International Business Management from De Montfort University, England.

Personal life

On 8 July 2016, Dahiya married his Yeh Hai Mohabbatein co-actor Divyanka Tripathi.

Television

Web series

Films

Music videos

Awards

References

External links
 

1984 births
Living people
Male actors from Haryana
People from Sonipat district
Male actors in Hindi television
Male actors from Chandigarh
Alumni of De Montfort University
Male actors from Mumbai
Derek Charles Pugh (8 February 1926 – 2 May 2008) was a British track and field athlete who competed in sprinting events.

Athletics career
He represented Great Britain at the 1948 Summer Olympics. He was born in Tooting in London.

Outside Olympic competition, he represented England and won a silver medal in the 4 x 400 relay at the 1950 British Empire Games in Auckland, New Zealand. He was a double champion for Great Britain at the 1950 European Athletics Championships, winning the 400 metres title and the 4×400 metres relay gold medal. He had previously won individual bronze and a relay silver at the 1946 European Athletics Championships. He also won a bronze medal in the relay with England at the 1950 British Empire Games.

Competition record

References

1926 births
2008 deaths
Olympic athletes for Great Britain
Athletes (track and field) at the 1948 Summer Olympics
European Athletics Championships medalists
Athletes from London
People from Tooting
Sportspeople from the London Borough of Wandsworth
English male sprinters
Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1950 British Empire Games
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for England
Medallists at the 1950 British Empire Games