Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Esophageal spasm is a disorder of motility of the esophagus.

There are two types of esophageal spasm:
 Diffuse or distal esophageal spasm (DES), where there is uncoordinated esophageal contractions
 Nutcracker esophagus (NE) also known as hypertensive peristalsis, where the contractions are coordinated but with an excessive amplitude.

Both conditions are linked to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). DES and nutcracker esophagus present similarly and can may require esophageal manometry for differentiation.

When the coordinated muscle contraction are irregular or uncoordinated, this condition may be called diffuse esophageal spasm. These spasms can prevent food from reaching the stomach where food gets stuck in the esophagus. At other times the coordinated muscle contraction is very powerful, which is called nutcracker esophagus. These contractions move food through the esophagus but can cause severe pain.

Signs and symptoms
The symptoms may include trouble swallowing, regurgitation, chest pain, heartburn, globus pharyngis (which is a feeling that something is stuck in the throat) or a dry cough.

Causes
It is not clear what causes esophageal spasms. Sometimes esophageal spasms start when someone eats hot or cold foods or drinks. However, they can also occur without eating or drinking. The increased release of acetylcholine may also be a factor, but the triggering event is not known. Spasms may also be the result of a food intolerance.

Diagnosis
The diagnosis is generally confirmed by esophageal manometry. DES is present when more than a fifth of swallows results in distal esophageal contractions. NE is present if the average strength of the contractions of the distal esophagus is greater than 180 mmHg but the contraction of the esophagus is otherwise normal.

Differential diagnosis
Often, symptoms that may suggest esophageal spasm are the result of another condition such as food intolerance, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or achalasia. The symptoms can commonly be mistaken as heart palpitations.

Treatment
Since esophageal spasms are often associated with other disorders, management in these cases involve attempts to correct the underlying problem. Medications may include use of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and nitrates. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) and sildenafil can be used as alternative treatment options. If caused by food allergy, an elimination diet may be necessary.

There have been reports of treatment of distal esophageal spasm in 8 patients using low amounts of peppermint oil (five drops of peppermint oil in 10ml of water), and a report of treatment of an elderly patient with the same diagnosis.

Procedures
If medical therapy fails either botulinum toxin injection or surgical myotomy may be tried in distal esophageal spasms.

Epidemiology
Distal esophageal spasms are rare.

References 

Abdomen
Digestive system
Diseases of oesophagus, stomach and duodenum
Lottenborg is an 18th-century roadside inn located next to Sorgenfri Cemetery  in Sorgenfri, Lyngby-Taarbæk Municipality, in the northern suburbs of Copenhagen, Denmark. It is situated on Lottenborgvej (No. 14), a side street to Lyngby Kongevej located opposite Sorgenfri Palace. The building is still used as a restaurant but is only open for lunch Thursday through Sunday.

History

The house is located at the site of a former boom gate across the old road from Lyngby Kongevej to Frederiksdal and belonged to the gatekeeper (vangemanden). The village of Virum's pastures began at the site and the gate was to keep cattle from passing onto the main road. The house was known as Vangehuset or ”"Hop-ind" ("Stop-By" and the gatekeeper worked at Sorgenfri Palace. It was the residence of Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark and Princess Sophie Frederikke. The gatekeeper's house was renamed Lottenborg after their daughter, Charlotte, who was born in 1789. Her older brother, Frederik Christian, was the later Christian VIII. In 1810, Princess Charlotte married Prince William of Hesse-Kassel. Their daughter, Louise, married Prince Christian of Glücksburg who as Christian IX became the first Danish king from the House of Glücksburg in 1851. 

In the 19th century, Lottenborg became a popular roadside restaurant and excursion destination. Hans Christian Andersen, B. S. Ingemann and Hans Christian Ørsted are supposedly among the peers who have frequented the site.
The name of the road was changed from Frederiksdalvej to Hummeltoftevej when the new Frederiksdalvej opened in 1934. The road crossed the railway on a bridge when the new Nordbanen opened in 1863. The bridge was renewed when Sorgenfri station was established in connection into an S-train line in the early 1930s.  As traffic increased on Hummeltoftevej, it was proposed to demolish Lottenborg to make way for a widening of the road but it was instead decided to construct a new road section which continued directly in the new road Skovbrunet on the other side of Lyngby Kongevej. A new Sorgenfri station was also built and the old bridge across the railway was replaced by a footbridge. The old road section between the Lyngby Kongevej and the bridge was renamed Lottenborgvej. The road section on the other side of the bridge became part of I. H. Mundts Vej.

For many years, Lottenborg belonged to the restaurateur Ernst Høegh-Hansen and then his widow Agnete who died in 1993. She left Lottenborg to Lyngby-Taarbæk Municipality. The municipality initially leased it out to successive restaurateurs but sold it in 2011.

Today
Lottenborg Kro is open Thursday through Sunday for lunch.

References

External links

 Lottenborg Kro, official website

Restaurants in Copenhagen
Buildings and structures in Lyngby-Taarbæk Municipality
Loud Women is a nonprofit music promoter, online zine, festival and record label, established in London in 2015, and focusing on female DIY artists and female-led groups.

Loud Women has received coverage in Louder Than War, Vive Le Rock, God Is in the TV, NME, Clash and Kerrang!

History
Loud Women was established in 2015 by musician Cassie Fox to address the scarcity of live music opportunities for new female-led bands and female artists on the London music scene, as well as wider issues of representation and equal opportunities in music.

In addition to regular concerts, a Loud Women Fest has been held once a year in London since 2016 (except for 2020) with Loud Women Fest 5 taking place in 2021.

Loud Women Records was established in 2016 and has released three various artists compilation albums: in 2016, 2019 and 2021.

In 2017 Loud Women inaugurated the annual 'HERcury' award for best album by a UK female music band/artist. The award has so far been presented to the Menstrual Cramps (2017), ILL (2018), Dream Nails (2019), Nova Twins (2020), Lilith Ai (2021) and Petrol Girls (2022).

In May 2021, Loud Women released a charity single, "Reclaim These Streets", written by Cassie Fox with additional lyrics performed by Brix Smith, to raise awareness of violence against women, following the eponymous campaign protesting the death of Sarah Everard. All profits from the sale of the track went to Women's Aid. The recording featured over sixty vocalists and musicians including Siobhan Fahey, Debbie Googe, Charley Stone, Debbie Smith, Laura Kidd and members of KaitO, Salad, Scarce, Sidi Bou Said, Hagar the Womb, Big Joanie, Desperate Journalist, Dream Nails, Petrol Girls, the Tuts and the Chefs. The song reached #3 in the iTunes alternative chart.

Initially active solely in London, Loud Women has since opened chapters in the US, Australia, Canada and Ireland, as well as hosting events elsewhere in the UK such as 'Loud Women-On-Sea' in Hastings.

References

Music promoters
Underground punk scene in the United Kingdom
British independent record labels
Feminist organisations in England
The Greek destroyer Psara (D-98) () was a Greek destroyer of the , which served with the Hellenic Navy during the early stages of the Second World War. It was named after the Aegean island of Psara, which played an important role in the Greek War of Independence, and was the fourth ship to bear this name.

She was constructed in Sestri Ponente, Italy, by Cantieri Odero, and commissioned by the Hellenic Navy in 1933. After the outbreak of the Greco-Italian War, she participated in all three naval raids against Italian shipping in the Strait of Otranto (14–15 November 1940, 15–16 December 1940, and 4–5 January 1941), and had significant anti-submarine activity. During the German invasion of Greece, she was attacked by German bomber aircraft on April 20, 1941, and sunk in the Saronic Gulf near Megara, with 37 members of her crew as casualties.

References

Kountouriotis-class destroyers
Ships built in Italy
1932 ships
World War II destroyers of Greece
World War II shipwrecks in the Aegean Sea
Maritime incidents in April 1941
Destroyers sunk by aircraft
Ships sunk by German aircraft
Shipwrecks of Greece
Jerry Buckley may refer to:
Jerry Buckley (cartoonist)
Jerry Buckley (journalist)

See also
Gerald Buckley (disambiguation)
Calero Dam is the name of several dams:

Calero Dam (Sacramento County, California) on Crevis Creek near Rancho Cordova
Calero Dam (Santa Clara County, California) on Calero Creek near San Jose
Yermilov, Yermylov, Ermylov or Ermilov () is a Slavic masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Yermilova, Yermylova, Ermylova or Ermilova. It may refer to
Aleksandr Ermilov (born 1954), Russian volleyball player
Aleksandr Yermilov (born 1960), Russian flatwater kayaker and sprint canoer 
Vasyl Yermylov (1894–1968), Ukrainian painter
Vitali Yermilov (born 1970), Russian football player

See also
Yermolov (disambiguation)
Sylvania is an unincorporated community in northwest Dade County, Missouri, United States.   
Sylvania is located at the intersection of Missouri routes D and E, south of Jerico Springs. The Stony Point Prairie Conservation Area lies just to the north along route D.

History
A post office called Sylvania was established in 1869, and remained in operation until 1907. The community's name is derived from Pennsylvania, the home base state of a coal company operating in the area.

School
When rural school consolidation came to Missouri, Dade County reorganized most of its common districts into four larger systems centered on Greenfield, Lockwood, Dadeville, and Everton, circa 1952. (Missouri Annual Reports of Public Schools, 1953, page 32)  The Sylvania area was included in the new Lockwood R-I district, though the Sylvania community was still a significant distance away from that school. The state board of education had originally intended much of the Cedarville and Sylvania areas be assigned to the Jerico Springs school district in Cedar County, but that body closed their high school during World War II. (Missouri Annual Reports of Public Schools, 1932, page 405)

A compromise was reached, whereas the rural elementary students in the northern part of the new Lockwood R-I School District would be sent to a consolidated elementary school to be constructed in Sylvania. This new school was completed in 1954; however it only remained in use until about 1962. Its closure was the result of the passing a bond issue over the objections of those in the northern part of the district after multiple previous attempts, allowing the district to construct a new high school in Lockwood and expand the elementary school there sufficiently to house the students attending Sylvania. A lawsuit filed by Sylvania area residents to keep the Sylvania school open, Montgomery V. Reorganized School District No. 1, was dismissed by the Dade County Circuit Court, upheld on appeal in 1960. (Montgomery V. Reorganized School District No. 1, Supreme Court of Missouri. Division No. 2, November 14, 1960.339 S.W.2d 831 (1960))

References

Unincorporated communities in Dade County, Missouri
Unincorporated communities in Missouri
WPCS may refer to:

 WPCS International, an engineering firm based in Exton, Pennsylvania, United States
 WPCS (FM), a radio station (89.5 FM) licensed to Pensacola, Florida, United States
 West Pictou Consolidated School, a K-8 public school in Nova Scotia, Canada

See also
 WPC (disambiguation)
Obscurior niasiensis is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Michael Fibiger in 2010. It is known from Sumatra in Indonesia.

The wingspan is about 9 mm. The head, patagia, anterior part of the tegulae, prothorax, basal part of the costa and costal part of the medial area are blackish brown. The costal-medial area  is quadrangular. The forewing ground colour is light brown. The medial and subterminal area are dark brown and the fringes are basally beige, but outwards dark brown. All crosslines are indistinct and brown. The terminal line is marked by brown interneural dots. The hindwing is grey. The underside of the forewing and costal part of the hindwing are brown, while the hindwing is otherwise grey, with an indistinct discal spot.

References

Micronoctuini
Taxa named by Michael Fibiger
Moths described in 2010
Kiskatinaw (Cree for "cutbank" or "river with steep banks") is a tributary of the Peace River in northeastern British Columbia, Canada.

Bearhole Lake Provincial Park and Protected Area is established around the headwaters of the river, and One Island Lake Provincial Park is located on the beginning course. The Kiskatinaw Provincial Park is established on the mid course of the river, east of the Alaska Highway, along the old alignment of the highway, at the site of a curved wooden bridge. This bridge was constructed with the Alaska Highway during the Second World War. Its curved design strategically helped  prevent attacks from bombs. Due to its hairpin curve, completion took nine months.

Fishing for walleye pike and rainbow trout is an attraction on the lower course of the river.

The river gives the name to the Kiskatinaw Formation, a siliciclastic formation of Carboniferous (Mississippian) age.

Course
The river originates in the foothills of the Canadian Rockies, from Bearhole Lake in Bearhole Lake Provincial Park and Protected Area, at an elevation of approximately . It flows north and east, where it receives the waters of Sunderman Creek, the north, flowing by One Island Lake Provincial Park, after which it  merges with the West Kiskatinaw River. It continues north through the Upper Cutbank, then receives the Brassey Creek. It parallels Highway 52 on the eastern edge of Sunset Prairie, west of Bear Mountain. It is crossed by Highway 97 and then by the Alaska Highway before it turns north-east. It then flows through a canyon until it merges into the Peace River. It flows into the Peace River west of the Alberta/British Columbia border, within the limits of the Peace River Corridor Provincial Park, east of Taylor.

Tributaries
Bearhole Lake
Blackhawk Lake
Sunderman Creek
Borden Creek
Ministik Creek
One Island Lake
West Kiskatinaw River
Oetata Creek
Halfmoon Creek
Brassey Creek
Tremblay Creek
Fox Creek
Livingstone Creek
Sunset Creek
Coal Creek
Mica Creek

See also
List of British Columbia rivers

References

External links

Rivers of British Columbia
Peace River Country
Peace River Regional District
Peace River Land District
The ABC Cinema, Wakefield was a cinema in Wakefield, West Yorkshire that fell into derelition after its closure. Located in Kirkgate on the corner of Sun Lane, it was designed and built in the Art Deco style for Associated British Cinemas by in-house architect William R. Glen and opened as the Regal Cinema on 9 December 1935.

Smaller than many later ABC houses, the Regal seated 1,594 people and had a full stage  deep behind the  wide proscenium. The interior was rather plainer than many of Glen's cinemas with concealed lighting under the balcony and at the rear of the ceiling and pendant fittings casting light upwards towards the front of the cinema. Although provision was made for an organ with chambers to the side and above the proscenium, one was never installed.

It was renamed ABC in 1962. In 1976 it was divided into three screens with Screen 1 seating 532 in the balcony using the original screen and projection suite and Screen 2 (236 seats) and Screen 3 (170 seats) in the rear stalls area. In this form it reopened on 11 November 1976. In 1986 ABC's cinemas were sold to The Cannon Group. In December 1996 Cineworld opened a multiplex in Wakefield and in 1997 the ABC closed.

In 2007 Blockbuster Entertainment sought planning permission to convert the building into 119 one- and two-bedroom flats, eight shops and a rooftop garden. In 2009 the City of Wakefield granted planning permission, but the project did not go ahead. In December 2013 a property company, PS & S Ltd, applied for planning permission to demolish the building and replace it with a modern apartment block. Plans to demolish the building and replace it with a car park were withdrawn in 2019. In 2020 the site was bought by Wakefield Council which announced plans in June 2021 to demolish the cinema and turn the site into a temporary green space until a new building is designed. Demolition began internally in March 2022, and exterior demolition was completed in May 2023.

The Beatles played at the Cinema on Thursday 7th February 1963 as part of the Helen Shapiro Winter Tour, just a few days before they recorded on the 11th February, the majority of their first album, Please Please Me. The Beatles had only released one single at this stage - Love Me Do, which had reached number 17 in the charts.  The Cinema played host to many such shows in the 1950's and 60's.

References

Theatres completed in 1935
Art Deco architecture in England
Buildings and structures in Wakefield
Cinemas in Yorkshire
Former cinemas in England
The term chapel perilous first appeared in Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur (1485) as the setting for an adventure in which sorceress Hellawes unsuccessfully attempts to seduce Sir Lancelot. T. S. Eliot used it symbolically in The Waste Land (1922). Dorothy Hewett took The Chapel Perilous as the title for her autobiographical play, in which she uses "the framework of the Arthurian legend, Sir Lancelot, to create a theatrical quest of romantic and epic proportions."

Other uses

As used in literature
The term as used in literature is explicated in detail by Jessie L. Weston in her 1920 book From Ritual to Romance. It is defined by Thomas C. Foster as "the dangerous enclosure that is known in the study of traditional quest romances." He cites the plot of the 1966 book Crying of Lot 49 as an example. This term is also used by Eleanore M. Jewett in her 1946 book The Hidden Treasure of Glaston.

As used in psychology
"Chapel perilous" is also a term referring to a psychological state in which an individual is uncertain whether some course of events was affected by a supernatural force, or was a product of their own imagination. It was used by writer and philosopher Robert Anton Wilson in his 1977 book Cosmic Trigger. According to Wilson, being in this state leads the subject to become either paranoid or an agnostic. In his opinion there is no third way.

The term "chapel perilous" was used by Antero Alli, in his 1986 book,  Angel Tech: A Modern Shaman's Guide to Reality Selection which is based on Timothy Leary's eight-circuit model of consciousness. In Alli's book chapel perilous is a rite of passage, when moving between the four lower circuits of consciousness to the higher circuits.

Cultural references
 "Exit Chapel Perilous" is a 2005 song by Umberloid, written and produced by Ott and Chris Barker.
 "Chapel Perilous" is a song by Telesma on their 2007 album O(H)M.
 Chapel Perilous is a 2013 comedy fantasy short film, directed by Matthew Lessner.
 "Chapel Perilous" is a song by Feed Me Jack, and was a part of their 2015 EP Anatolia.
 "Chapel Perilous" is a song by Mild High Club, which featured on their 2016 album Skiptracing, which heavily referenced the song "When You Wish Upon A Star" sung by Cliff Edwards
"Chapel Perilous" is a 2018 Album by the experimental rock band Gnod.

References

Arthurian literature
Mental states
The Abrams House is a historic house located in Little Rock, Arkansas.

Description and history 
It is a single-story, timber-framed structure, with asymmetrical massing typical of the Queen Anne period and porch detailing with Colonial Revival features. It has a cross-gable plan, with the porch wrapping around two sides, with wide bands of trim and four Doric columns. Built in 1904, it is one of the few surviving houses from a period when the immediate area (near the Arkansas State Capitol) was lined with the houses of railroad employees.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 18, 1999.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Little Rock, Arkansas

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
Colonial Revival architecture in Arkansas
Houses completed in 1904
Houses in Little Rock, Arkansas
National Register of Historic Places in Little Rock, Arkansas
1904 establishments in Arkansas
María del Carmen López Ruiz (born 1961) is a Spanish trade unionist and health staff, member of the Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT),  and member of the 10th Assembly of Madrid.

Biography 
Born on 15 December 1961 in Argamasilla de Calatrava (province of Ciudad Real), she has worked as health staff at the Hospital Ramón y Cajal. He affiliated to the Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT) in 1984. Secretary for Social Policy in the Confederal Executive Commission of the UGT, she was included as candidate in the 6th position of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) list for the 2015 regional election in the Community of Madrid, headed by Ángel Gabilondo. She was elected member of the 10th term of the regional parliament.

In the voting that took place on 9 Juny 2015 for the opening session of the new legislature she was elected 2nd Secretary of the Board of the Assembly.

References 

Members of the 10th Assembly of Madrid
Unión General de Trabajadores members
Living people
1961 births
Members of the Socialist Parliamentary Group (Assembly of Madrid)
Members of the 11th Assembly of Madrid
Spanish women trade unionists
This article shows the rosters of all participating teams at the 2018 Montreux Volley Masters in Switzerland.

The Brazilian roster in the 2018 Montreux Volley Masters:

Head coach: José Roberto Lages Guimarães

The Chinese roster in the 2018 Montreux Volley Masters:

Head coach: An Jiajie

The Cameroon roster in the 2018 Montreux Volley Masters:

Head coach: Akono Jean Rene Bekono

The Italian roster in the 2018 Montreux Volley Masters:

Head coach: Mazzanti Davide

The Polish roster in the 2018 Montreux Volley Masters:

The Russian roster in the 2018 Montreux Volley Masters:

The Swiss roster in the 2018 Montreux Volley Masters:

Head coach: Timo Lippuner

The Turkish roster in the 2018 Montreux Volley Masters:

References

2018
Montreux Volley Masters squads
Montreux Volley Masters squads
The Big Eat is a one-hour factual entertainment documentary shown on Channel 4 and produced by Twofour which follows the search for and training of a British Champion to compete in the Competitive Eating World Championships in New York City.

The competition was won by Rob "Baby-Face" Burns, a 34-year-old from Wolverhampton. He ate 18 mini-pork pies in 12 minutes, but could only finish last in the 2005 IFOCE/Nathan's Famous competition at Coney Island, where he finished on 10 hot-dogs. Andy Kocen (a stockbroker, but known as "The Doctor" on account of his medical degree) finished second by only one pork pie, soundly beating Jimmy "Oyster" Glackin, one-time holder of the world record for Guinness and oyster consumption (a pint and a dozen oysters in 13 seconds).

Channel 4 original programming