Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Sodium oxide is a chemical compound with the formula Na2O.  It is used in ceramics and glasses. It is a white solid but the compound is rarely encountered.  Instead "sodium oxide" is used to describe components of various materials such as glasses and fertilizers which contain oxides that include sodium and other elements.

Structure
The structure of sodium oxide has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Most alkali metal oxides M2O (M = Li, Na, K, Rb) crystallise in the antifluorite structure. In this motif the positions of the anions and cations are reversed relative to their positions in CaF2, with sodium ions tetrahedrally coordinated to 4 oxide ions and oxide cubically coordinated to 8 sodium ions.

Preparation
Sodium oxide is produced by the reaction of sodium with sodium hydroxide, sodium peroxide, or sodium nitrite:
 2 NaOH + 2 Na → 2 Na2O + H2
To the extent that NaOH is contaminated with water, correspondingly greater amounts of sodium are employed. Excess sodium is distilled from the crude product.

A second method involves heating a mixture of sodium azide and sodium nitrate:
 5 NaN3 + NaNO3 → 3 Na2O + 8 N2

Burning sodium in air produces a mixture of Na2O and sodium peroxide (Na2O2).

A third much less known method involves heating sodium metal with iron (III) oxide (rust):

 6 Na + Fe2O3 → 3 Na2O + 2 Fe

the reaction should be done in an inert atmosphere to avoid the reaction of sodium with the air instead.

Applications

Glassmaking
Glasses  are often described in terms of their sodium oxide content although they do not really contain Na2O. Furthermore, such glasses are not made from sodium oxide, but the equivalent of Na2O is added in the form of "soda" (sodium carbonate), which loses carbon dioxide at high temperatures:
 Na2CO3 → Na2O + CO2
 Na2O + SiO2 → Na2SiO3
 Na2CO3 + SiO2 → Na2SiO3 + CO2

A typical manufactured glass contains around 15% sodium oxide, 70% silica (silicon dioxide), and 9% lime (calcium oxide). The sodium carbonate "soda" serves as a flux to lower the temperature at which the silica mixture melts. Such soda-lime glass has a much lower melting temperature than pure silica and has slightly higher elasticity. These changes arise because the Na2[SiO2]x[SiO3]-based material is somewhat more flexible.

Reactions
Sodium oxide reacts readily and irreversibly with water to give sodium hydroxide:
 Na2O + H2O → 2 NaOH
Because of this reaction, sodium oxide is sometimes referred to as the base anhydride of sodium hydroxide (more archaically, "anhydride of caustic soda").

References

Oxides
Sodium compounds
Fluorite crystal structure
Elizabeth Blomfield (10 August 1880 – 17 August 1984) was a New Zealand artist. Her work is held in the permanent collection of the Hocken Collections, Dunedin.

Biography 
Blomfield was born in Auckland to painter Charles Blomfield and his wife Ellen. She learnt painting from her father and C. F. Goldie and specialised in floral paintings and portraits; later in her life she also painted landscapes.

She exhibited with the Otago Art Society and the Auckland Society of Arts. One of her oil paintings of Dunedin is in the Hocken Collections.

Blomfield was buried at Hillsborough Cemetery, in a plot adjacent to her father's grave.

Personal life 
Blomfield married William Kendon in 1908 and following her marriage exhibited as Bessie Kendon or Elizabeth Kendon.

References

1880 births
1984 deaths
New Zealand centenarians
20th-century New Zealand painters
Artists from Auckland
Women centenarians
20th-century New Zealand women artists
Burials at Hillsborough Cemetery, Auckland
The Maggini Quartet is a British string quartet. Its members are Julian Leaper (Violin 1), Ciaran McCabe (Violin 2), Martin Outram (Viola) and Michal Kaznowski (Cello).

Formed in 1988, the Quartet is known for championing the British repertoire, and has made many CD recordings published through publishers such as Naxos Records.  The Maggini Quartet appear regularly in concert series at home and abroad and are frequent media broadcasters.

Among other notable projects, they have recorded the complete Naxos Quartets cycle by Peter Maxwell Davies.

The Quartet's name derives from the famous 16th century Brescian violin maker Giovanni Paolo Maggini.

References

External links 

Haydn Quartets Review & track listing
Rights cleared Haydn sample
Maggini Quartet at Brunel

English string quartets
Musical groups established in 1988
Louise Kellogg may refer to:

Louise H. Kellogg (1959–2019), American geophysicist 
Louise Phelps Kellogg (1862–1942), American historian and educator
Louise Kellogg (philanthropist) 1903–2001), American dairy farmer and philanthropist, Alaska Women's Hall of Fame inductee
Pringi may refer to several places in Estonia:

Pringi, Harju County, village in Viimsi Parish, Harju County
Pringi, Valga County, village in Sangaste Parish, Valga County
Evelyn Carmen Ramos (also referred to as E. Carmen Ramos) is the first woman and the first person of color to be the chief curatorial and conservation officer at the National Gallery of Art.

Education 
Ramos received a bachelor's degree in Art History and Psychology from New York University in 1988. In 1995, she went on to earn a Master's in art history from the University of Chicago. In 2011, she earned her PhD in art history also from the University of Chicago.

Career

Internships 
Ramos held internships at Art Institute of Chicago, Brooklyn Museum, Metropolitan Museum of Art, and was a fellow in the Smithsonian Latino Museum Studies Program. Ramos was a public programs educator at the Brooklyn Museum. She later worked at the Newark Museum of Art in New Jersey as an assistant curator.

Smithsonian 
Ramos joined the Smithsonian American Art Museum (SAAM) as the acting chief curator and curator of Latinx art in 2010 until her departure in 2021. At SAAM, she organized several different exhibits, including “Our America: The Latino Presence in American Art” in 2013, “Down These Mean Streets: Community and Place in Urban Photography” in 2017, “Tamayo: The New York Years" in 2017-18, and “¡Printing the Revolution! The Rise and Impact of Chicano Graphics, 1965 to Now” in 2021. During her time at SAAM, Ramos has doubled the Latinx collections.

The National Gallery of Art 
Ramos was appointed as chief curatorial and conservation officer at the National Gallery of Art on May 13, 2021. Ramos is the first woman and the first person of color to be the chief curatorial and conservation officer at the National Gallery of Art. She will begin her role in August 2021.

Resources 

New York University alumni
University of Chicago alumni
Dominican American
Museum educators
National Gallery of Art
American people of Dominican Republic descent
Smithsonian Institution people
American art curators
American women curators
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century American women
William Thornton (1712/13–1769) of Cattal was an English politician, Member of Parliament for , described also as a "celebrated though eccentric sportsman". He raised a militia troop to oppose the 1745 Jacobite Rebellion, and gained royal favour.

Life
He was the son of Sir William Thornton of Yorkshire and his wife Elizabeth, born at Netherton. He attended Mr Jackson's school in York, was admitted to St John's College, Cambridge in 1731, at age 18.

At the time of the 1745 Jacobite Rebellion, Thornton raised at his own expense the "Yorkshire Blues" to fight the troops of the Young Pretender, and took part in the battle of Falkirk. He became Colonel of the 2nd West Yorks Militia. He served as MP for York from 1747 to 1754, and from 1758 to 1761. He travelled to Hanover with George II, and turned down the offer of a baronetcy. In parliament, he initially supported the government, but became part of the opposition in 1751. He was an opponent in 1753 to the idea of a national census.

Thornton died on 10 July 1769. The family owned Lendal Tower in York, used as a municipal water supply, from about 1719 to 1779. In 1756 a mortage was taken out on it, by Thornton, to install a Newcomen engine for pumping.

Family
Thornton married:

Isabella Norton (died 1748), daughter of William Norton of Sawley, North Yorkshire; and
In 1749,  Mary Myster, daughter of John Myster of Epsom, with whom he had a son Thomas Thornton, and a daughter Mary (1751–1842), who married Samuel Francis Barlow (c.1747–1800) of Middlethorpe Hall.

Notes

1769 deaths
British MPs 1747–1754
Politicians from York
British MPs 1754–1761
Year of birth uncertain
Sir Skeffington Edward Smyth, 1st Baronet (May 1745 – 9 September 1797) was an Anglo-Irish politician and baronet.

Biography
Smyth was born in Tinny Park, Wicklow, County Wicklow, the son of James Smyth, a Member of Parliament of Ireland for the borough of Antrim, and Mary Agar. Smyth was the grandson of Anglican Bishop of Down, Rev. Dr. Edward Smyth and Mary Skeffington.

On 5 August 1776, Smyth was created a baronet, of Tinny Park in the Baronetage of Ireland. In 1779 he was elected to the Irish House of Commons as the MP for Mullingar, serving until 1783. He then represented Belturbet from 1783 until 1790, and Galway Borough from 1790 until his death in 1797. In 1785 he was made a member of the Privy Council of Ireland.

Skeffington Smyth married Margaret Daly and they had a daughter Maria Elizabeth Smyth who married James Daly, 1st Baron Dunsandle and Clanconal, who was also MP for Galway Borough. Smyth died aged 52 in County Meath on 9 September 1797. As he had no son, his baronetcy became extinct on his death.

References

1745 births
1797 deaths
18th-century Anglo-Irish people
Baronets in the Baronetage of Ireland
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Longford constituencies
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Westmeath constituencies
Members of the Privy Council of Ireland
People from County Wicklow
Galilee is an unincorporated community located within Monmouth Beach in Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The area is named for the Biblical city of Galilee and was founded as a fishing village. Located at the northern extent of Monmouth Beach, it is located along the peninsula where it begins to greatly narrow between the Shrewsbury River and the Atlantic Ocean. Single family homes typically make up the ocean side of the peninsula while condominiums and a marina are located on the river side. The Sea Bright–Monmouth Beach Seawall passes through the community and continues to neighboring Sea Bright.

References

Monmouth Beach, New Jersey
Unincorporated communities in Monmouth County, New Jersey
Unincorporated communities in New Jersey
Steilacoom may refer to:

People 
 Steilacoom people, an historical Coast Salish tribe who lived near the Puget Sound
 Steilacoom Tribe of Indians, a contemporary heritage group, unrecognized as a tribe

Places 
 Fort Steilacoom, a former US Army outpost near Lake Steilacoom
 Fort Steilacoom Park, the largest park in Lakewood, Washington
 Lake Steilacoom, a lake in Pierce County, Washington, approximately 2.5 miles southwest of Tacoma, Washington
 Steilacoom Creek, an older name for Chambers Creek, in Washington State
 Steilacoom, Washington, a town in Pierce County, Washington
 Colloquially, in Washington State, "Steilacoom" is also used to refer to Western State Hospital, although the hospital is actually in the neighboring city of Lakewood, Washington
In cryptanalysis, a kiss is a pair of identical messages sent using different ciphers, one of which has been broken. The term was used at Bletchley Park during World War II. A deciphered message in the breakable system provided a "crib" (piece of known plaintext) which could then be used to read the unbroken messages. One example was where messages read in a German meteorological cipher could be used to provide cribs for reading the difficult 4-wheel Naval Enigma cipher.

cribs from re-encipherments ... were known as 'kisses' in Bletchley Park parlance because the relevant signals were marked with  'xx'

See also
Cryptanalysis of the Enigma
Known-plaintext attack

References 

Smith, Michael and Erskine, Ralph (editors): Action this Day (2001, Bantam London) 

Bletchley Park
Classical cryptography
Cryptographic attacks
Sutter is a surname.  According to one historical record, one original spelling was Sotter.

People with this surname
Karin Keller-Sutter, Swiss German politician
 Alain Sutter (born 1968), Swiss footballer
Allan Sutter (1914–1988), American Marine Corps Navy Cross recipient
 Beat Sutter (born 1962), Swiss footballer
 Bruce Sutter (1953–2022), American MLB relief pitcher and Baseball Hall of Famer
 Herb Sutter, C++ expert and author, secretary of the ISO/ANSI C++ standards committee
 Joe Sutter (1921–2016), an American aerospace engineer 
 John Augustus Sutter, Sr. (1803–1880), Californian associated with the Gold Rush
 John Augustus Sutter, Jr. (1826–1897), his son, a U.S. Consul to Acapulco, Mexico, and the founder and planner of the City of Sacramento, California
 Merlin Sutter (born 1986), Swiss musician
 Ryan Sutter (born 1974), first "winner" of the TV show The Bachelorette
 Ueli Sutter (born 1947), Swiss cyclist

Suter family (sportspeople) 
 Ryan Suter (born January 21, 1985) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman and alternate captain with the Minnesota Wild of the National Hockey League (NHL).[1] He has also played for the Nashville Predators. His Uncle, Gary Suter also played hockey professionally in the NHL and represented the USA National Team.

Sutter family (sportspeople) 
 Sutter family, a Canadian family that is one of the most famous in the National Hockey League
 Brent Sutter (born 1962), NHL player for the New York Islanders and Chicago Blackhawks
 Brandon Sutter (born 1989), hockey player and son of Brent
 Brian Sutter (born 1956), NHL player for the St. Louis Blues
 Shaun Sutter (born 1980), son of Brian; player in several minor leagues and Europe and now a major junior hockey coach
 Darryl Sutter (born 1958), NHL player for the Chicago Blackhawks
 Brett Sutter (born 1987), hockey player and son of Darryl
 Duane Sutter (born 1960), NHL player for the New York Islanders and Chicago Blackhawks
 Rich Sutter (born 1963), NHL player 
 Ron Sutter (born 1963), NHL player

Fictional characters
Rebecca Sutter, fictional character played by Katie Findlay (List of How to Get Away with Murder characters)

See also
DeSutter
Sutter (disambiguation) (other meanings)

References 

ru:Саттер
The UEFA Women's Cup 2007–08 was the seventh edition of the UEFA Women's Cup football club tournament (since rebranded as the UEFA Women's Champions League). 45 teams from 44 football associations took part this season. The tournament ended with Frankfurt of Germany emerging out as the winners in the final after a 4–3 aggregate win over Umeå of Sweden.

First qualifying round

Group A1
Played in Siauliai and Pakruojis, Lithuania.

Group A2
Played in Toftir and Tórshavn.

Group A3
Played in Neulengbach and Sankt Pölten, Austria.

Group A4
Played in Osijek, Croatia.

Group A5
Played in Ljubljana and Domzale.

Group A6
Played in Strumica, Macedonia.

Group A7
Played in Krasnoarmeysk and Schelkov.

Group A8
Played in Thessaloniki, Greece.

Group A9
Played in Orhei and Chisinau, Moldova.

Group A10
Played in Holon, Jerusalem and Rishon Le-Zion, Israel.

Second qualifying round

Group B1
Played in Borehamwood and Saint Albans, England.

Group B2
Played in Umeå, Sweden.

Group B3
Played in Bierbeek, Belgium.

Group B4
Played in Lyon and Bron, France.

Quarter-finals
The first legs was played on 14 & 15 November 2007, and the second legs on 21 & 22 November 2007.

First leg

Second leg

Semi-finals
The first legs are scheduled to be played on March 29, and the second leg ons April 6, 2008.

First leg

Second leg

Final

The first leg was played on May 17, 2008, and the second leg on May 24, 2008.

Top goalscorers 
(excluding qualifying rounds)

References

External links
 2007–08 season at UEFA website

Women's Cup
2007-08
UEFA
UEFA
Futebol Clube da Lixa known as FC Lixa is a Portuguese football club from Lixa which was founded in 1934. They currently play in the Portuguese Second Division Serie A and last season they finished 14th place 2007/08. They currently play their home games in Senhor do Amparo with a capacity of 6,000. Their current chairman is Manuel Carvalho and their manager is Zeca Lopes.

Season to season

Current squad

Former players

  Wesley John - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines international who played in Portugal for 23 years, including for clubs Ribeira Brava and Porto da Cruz, both below the Portuguese fourth tier)

References

External links 
 FC Lixa official site (Portuguese)

Association football clubs established in 1934
Football clubs in Portugal
1934 establishments in Portugal
In chemistry, mesoionic compounds are one in which a heterocyclic structure is dipolar and where both the negative and the positive charges are delocalized. A completely uncharged structure cannot be written and mesoionic compounds cannot be represented satisfactorily by any one mesomeric structure. Mesoionic compounds are a subclass of betaines. Examples are sydnones and sydnone imines (e.g. the stimulant mesocarb), münchnones, and mesoionic carbenes.

The formal positive charge is associated with the ring atoms and the formal negative charge is associated either with ring atoms or an exocyclic nitrogen or other atom. These compounds are stable zwitterionic compounds and belong to nonbenzenoid aromatics.

See also 
 Mesomeric betaine

References

Further reading 
 
 
 
 
 

Heterocyclic compounds
Zwitterions
Monroe High School (MHS) is a public high school in Monroe, Wisconsin, United States. It is part of the School District of Monroe.

Athletics 
The school won state championships in boys' cross country in 1973, 1974 and 1979.

Notable alumni 
 Ken Behring, real estate developer
 Brett Davis, politician
 David G. Deininger, Wisconsin judge and state representative
 Nathan J. Lindsay, United States Air Force major general and astronaut
 Ric Mathias, NFL player

References

External links 
 

Public high schools in Wisconsin
Schools in Green County, Wisconsin
Comparative Studies in Society and History is a peer-reviewed academic journal published quarterly by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Society for Comparative Study of Society and History. It was established in 1958.

References

External links

Journal online

History journals
Academic journals established in 1958
Quarterly journals
English-language journals
Cambridge University Press academic journals
Academic journals associated with learned and professional societies
Ōryōki () (, ), is a transliteration of Sanskrit , also called 應量器 (), means "vessel that contains just enough" is a set of nested bowls and other eating utensils for the personal use of Buddhist monks. Ōryōki also refers to a meditative form of eating using these utensils that originated in Japan and emphasizes mindfulness awareness practice by abiding to a strict order of precise movements.

The term  "ōryōki" is mostly used in the  sect of Zen Buddhism. In the  and  sects, the utensils are called jihatsu, which is written as 持鉢 according to rinzai-shū and 自鉢 according to ōbaku-shū. Jihatsu is also used to refer to the bowls alone 

The bowls usually made of lacquered wood, and utensils all bundled in a cloth. The largest bowl, sometimes called the Buddha Bowl or zuhatsu, symbolizes Buddha's head and his wisdom. The other bowls are progressively smaller. In describing the form of ōryōki used at John Daido Loori's Zen Mountain Monastery, author Jack Maguire wrote:

This is the formal style of serving and eating meals practiced in Zen temples.

Buddhist tradition states that after Huineng received the monk's robe and bowl as evidence of his having received Dharma transmission, the bowl itself was considered a symbol of transmission from teacher to student.

Ōryōki have evolved in vihāra in East Asia over many years and are part of the Buddhist tradition that has now been transmitted to the West. Both monks and laypeople use ōryōki to eat formal meals in Zen monasteries and places of practice. A lineage was also transmitted from Kōbun Chino Otogawa to the Tibetan Buddhist sangha of Chögyam Trungpa and is now practiced at all Shambhala International retreat centers.

Zen teachers say that taking meals with ōryōki cultivates gratitude, mindfulness, and better understanding of self. (In this regard, it is not unlike zazen.) The intricacies of the form may require the practitioner to pay great attention to detail.

Meaning of Japanese word

According to Shohaku Okumura:

In Japanese, three Sino-Japanese characters comprise the word ōryōki:

応 ō, the receiver's response to the offering of food
量 ryō, a measure, or an amount, to be received
器 ki, the bowl.

References

External links
Photos of Oryoki
Translation of Dogen Zenji commentary on head cook
Translation of Dogen Zenji commentary on eating
White Wind Zen Community meal chant translation
Shambhala lineage use of Oryoki explained
Patrick Reynolds briefly explains and demonstrates Soto oryoki
Robin briefly explains and demonstrates oryoki as practiced in the Shambhala community

Zen
Zen art and culture
Buddhist cuisine
Buddhist ritual implements
FST may refer to:

Arts and entertainment 
 Finlands Svenska Television, now Yle Fem, the Swedish-language department of the Finnish Broadcasting Company
 Florida Studio Theatre, in Sarasota, Florida, United States
 Free Southern Theater, in Mississippi, United States

Biology 
 Fixation index (FST), in population genetics
 Follistatin, a mammalian glycoprotein (and gene)

Education 
 Franciscan School of Theology, in California, United States
 French School of Thessaloniki, in Greece
The interdisciplinary field of food science and technology

Government and politics 
 Fermanagh and South Tyrone (Assembly constituency), in Northern Ireland
 Fermanagh and South Tyrone (UK Parliament constituency), in Northern Ireland
 Financial Secretary to the Treasury, of the United Kingdom
 Foreign Sports Talent Scheme, of Singapore

Military 
 Fire Support Team of the Royal Artillery
 Fleet Survey Team of the United States Navy
 Forward surgical teams of the United States Army

Technology 
 Feature Selection Toolbox, machine learning software
 File Streaming Technology, a digital audio format
 Finite-state transducer
 Full-Scale Tunnel, a demolished NASA wind tunnel

Transport 
 Fenchurch Street railway station, in London
 First Stop Travel, a Scottish bus operator
 Fort Stockton–Pecos County Airport, in Texas, United States
 Sint-Truiden railway station, in Belgium

Other uses 
 Family Survival Trust, in the United Kingdom
 Foundation for Science and Technology, in the United Kingdom
 Field sobriety test
 Fiji Standard Time
Ali Reza (also spelled Alireza or Ali-Reza) is a given name popular among Iranians referring to the imams of Shia Islam Ali and Ali al-Ridha.

People

Ali Reza
 Ali-Reza Asgari, Iranian general 
 Ali Reza Eftekhari, Iranian pop singer
 Ali Reza Nobari, Iranian economist
 Ali Reza Pahlavi (born 1922), member of the Pahlavi dynasty
 Ali Reza Pahlavi (born 1966), member of the Pahlavi dynasty

Ali Rıza
 Ali Rıza Binboğa (born 1950), Turkish singer
 Ali Rıza Efendi (1839–1888), father of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
 Ali Rıza Pasha (1860–1932), one of the last grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire
 Ali Rıza Pasha (governor of Baghdad)
 Ali Rıza Seyfi (1879–1958), Turkish novelist, historian and poet

Alireza
 Alireza Akbarpour, Iranian footballer
 Alireza Assar, Iranian pop singer
 Alireza Beiranvand, Iranian footballer
 Alireza Firouzja, French-Iranian chess grandmaster
 Alireza Ghorbani, Iranian musician
 Alireza Jafarzadeh, Iranian activist
 Alireza Jahanbakhsh, Iranian footballer
 Alireza Khamseh, Iranian actor
 Alireza Mansourian, Iranian footballer
 Alireza Marandi, Iranian physician and politician
 Alireza Mashayekhi, Iranian musician
 Alireza Nourizadeh, Iranian scholar and journalist
 Alireza Rezaei, Iranian wrestler
 Alireza Sagharchi, British-Iranian architect
 Alireza Talischi, Iranian pop singer
 Alireza Vahedi Nikbakht, Iranian footballer

Aliriza
 Ali Riza Dede, Albanian dedebaba of the Bektashi Order

Arabic masculine given names
Iranian masculine given names
Turkish masculine given names
Masculine given names