Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Taxa Innocentiana was a decree of Pope Innocent XI of 1 October 1678 that regulated the fees that episcopal chancery offices might demand or accept for various acts, instruments, and writings. According to the decree, bishops or their officials were proscribed from accepting anything, though voluntarily offered, for:

Ordinations or anything connected therewith, e.g., dimissorial letters;
Institutions to benefices; or
Matrimonial dispensations.

In the last case, however, alms to be applied for religious uses could be demanded. The chancellor may exact a moderate charge, determined by Innocent XI, for expediting necessary documents, except those granting permission to offer Mass, administer the sacraments, preach, etc. The Taxa Innocentiana was silent regarding contentious matters, e.g. the charge for copies of acts of ecclesiastical trials. Some maintained that Innocent xi's legislation was promulgated only for Italy, but it evidenced the will of the Church and at least in substance was of universal application.

On 10 June 1896 the Sacred Congregation of the Council modified the prescriptions of Innocent XI, decreeing that while taxes or fees may be imposed according to justice and prudence in matters pertaining to benefices and sacraments, especially matrimony; yet the sacraments themselves must be conferred without charge and pious customs connected therewith observed. In other matters not directly affecting the administration of the sacraments, e.g. dispensations from the banns of marriage, it is decreed that:

Laudable customs must be followed and allowances made for various circumstances of time, place, and persons;
The indigent are not to be taxed;
In all cases, the amount demanded must be moderate, so that persons are not deterred thereby from receiving the sacraments;
Regarding matrimony, the exaction is to be remitted if otherwise there would be danger of concubinage;
Regarding benefices, the tax must be in proportion to the fruits or income of the benefice in question; and
All such fees are to be determined not by individual bishops, but by provincial council or at least in a special meeting of the ordinaries of the province for this purpose.

The approbation of the Holy See is required for the fees determined upon. Rome's sanction is given tentatively for 5 years to Italy and for 10 years to other nations.

References
 cites:
LUCIDI, De visitat. ss. liminum, doc. XX, III, 144.

Catholic canonical documents
Documents of Pope Innocent XI
1678 works
The Emmerich Rhine Bridge () is a suspension bridge located in Emmerich am Rhein, Germany. Completed in 1965, it has a main span of , crossing the Rhine, carrying the Bundesstraße B 220, the federal highway between Emmerich am Rhein and Kleve. It is the longest suspension bridge in Germany.

Planning and construction 
It was built from 1962 to 1965, after the design of Heinrich Bartmann and the planning of German civil engineer . The bridge was opened for traffic in 1965. Pedestrian walkways and cycle paths run along both sides of the bridge, separated from the vehicular lanes. The two pylons are  high.

Gallery

References 
 Klingenberg, Wilhelm (1962). Neubau einer Hängebrücke über den Rhein. Der Bauingenieur 37
 Beyer, Erwin; Thul, Heribert (1967). Hochstraßen. Beton-Verlag, (2nd ed.)

Further reading 
 Renault, Philippe; Butenweg, Christoph; Meskouris, Konstantin (2005). Beurteilung der Erdbebensicherheit von bestehenden Brückenbauwerken am Beispiel der Rheinbrücke Emmerich. In: Beton- und Stahlbetonbau. Vol. 100, No. 7, July 2005, , p. 574–581

See also 
 List of bridges in Germany

External links 

 

Suspension bridges in Germany
Bridges over the Rhine
Bridges completed in 1965
Buildings and structures in Kleve (district)
Bridges in North Rhine-Westphalia
"Save My Soul" is the title of a 2004 single by the American Dance singer Kristine W. It was released as the second single from her album Fly Again. In April 2004, "Save My Soul" was Kristine W's eighth consecutive number one song on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart, which broke a previous record for consecutive number ones on this chart once held by Madonna and Janet Jackson. The song was a featured single at the White Party in Palm Springs, California in April 2005.

The swing group Big Bad Voodoo Daddy recorded the song on their album titled Save My Soul.

Remixes
 Save My Soul (Gabriel and Dresden remix) 09:49
 Save My Soul (Cypher UK Mix) 7:36
 Save My Soul (Junior Vasquez's Sound Factory Mix) 6:47
 Save My Soul (Mike Cruz Club Mix) 8:16
 Save My Soul (Orange Factory Extended Mix) 6:32

See also
List of number-one dance hits (United States)

References

2004 singles
Kristine W songs
Tommy Boy Records singles
2003 songs
The women's 3000 metres event  at the 1994 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held in Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy on 11 March.

Results

References

3000 metres at the European Athletics Indoor Championships
3000
1994 in women's athletics
Baxter Boulevard is a boulevard and parkway in  Portland, Maine. The roadway served as the means to head north from downtown Portland before Tukey's Bridge, now on Interstate 295 (I-295), was built. The road was part of U.S. Route 1 (US 1) until May 2007. The parkway wraps around the west side of Back Cove estuary basin.

The parkway and roadway began as an initiative of Mayor James Phinney Baxter, for whom it is named. It was envisioned as one of four parks in the city (along with Deering Oaks, Western Promenade and Eastern Promenade) which would encircle the city. The parkway was designed by the noted landscape design firm Olmsted, Olmsted and Eliot in 1895.  Property owners donated the then-useless land next to the cove and the walking and biking path were filled in. Originally called the Back Cove Boulevard, the parkway opened in 1917. It covers  and the pathway is  in length.

Tree planting began on the Boulevard in 1921 as a memorial to World War I victims.

Baxter Boulevard was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic landscape district in October 1989.

References

Baxter family
U.S. Route 1
1917 establishments in Maine
Parks in Portland, Maine
Streets in Portland, Maine
World War I memorials in the United States
Buildings and structures completed in 1917
Parks established in the 1910s
Protected areas established in 1917
Bence Jones protein is a monoclonal globulin protein or immunoglobulin light chain found in the urine, with a molecular weight of 22–24 kDa.   Detection of Bence Jones protein may be suggestive of multiple myeloma or Waldenström's macroglobulinemia.

Bence Jones proteins are particularly diagnostic of multiple myeloma in the context of target organ manifestations such as kidney failure, lytic (or "punched out") bone lesions, anemia, or large numbers of plasma cells in the bone marrow of patients.  Bence Jones proteins are present in 2/3 of multiple myeloma cases.

The proteins are immunoglobulin light chains (paraproteins) and are produced by neoplastic plasma cells. They can be kappa (most of the time) or lambda. The light chains can be immunoglobulin fragments or single homogeneous immunoglobulins. They are found in urine as a result of decreased kidney filtration capabilities due to kidney failure, sometimes induced by hypercalcemia from the calcium released as the bones are destroyed, dehydration due to polyurea, amyloidosis or from the light chains themselves. The light chains were historically detected by heating a urine specimen (which causes the protein to precipitate) and nowadays by electrophoresis of concentrated urine.  More recently, serum free light chain assays have been utilised in a number of published studies which have indicated superiority over the urine tests, particularly for patients producing low levels of monoclonal free light chains, as seen in nonsecretory multiple myeloma and amyloid light chain amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis).

History

The Bence Jones protein was described by the English physician Henry Bence Jones in 1847 and published in 1848.

References

Blood tests
Urine tests
Hematology
Catriona ("Cat") Morrison MBE (born 11 January 1977, in Glasgow) is a British triathlete and duathlete of Scottish origin.

Career
In 2005, she won the silver medal at the ITU Duathlon World Championships. In 2006, she followed this up with gold and took another silver medal at the Long Distance Duathlon World Championships. In 2007, she took the bronze medal at the Long Distance Triathlon World Championships in Lorient. She won the World Powerman Duathlon Long Distance Championships in 2007 and 2008.

In 2010 in Edinburgh she took gold for a second time at the Duathlon World Championships in a time of 2:02:48.

Catriona's triathlon career wins include numerous Ironman 70.3 events including St Croix (4 times), UK, Galveston and Ironman titles including Ironman Texas and Ironman Lanzarote where she famously battled back from a 45min mechanical to win the event.

Catriona retired from professional triathlon and duathlon in January 2015. Since then she has completed the prestigious Saltire Fellowship - a fast track entrepreneurial programme based in Scotland and at Babson College in Boston. She is a lay member of court at the University of Stirling. Catriona is an athlete role model for "Winning Scotland Foundation" visiting schools and junior sports clubs to encourage, inspire and motivate young people through sport.

In the 2015 Birthday Honours, Morrison was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for services to Sport and voluntary service in Scotland.

Catriona is co-founder of "Everactiv"  a sports clothing brand for young people whose philosophy is to empower, motivate and inspire young people to be physically active.

References

External links
Catriona Morrison official website

1977 births
Living people
Scottish female triathletes
Duathletes
Sportspeople from Glasgow
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Ricky J is a DJ and rapper from Montreal, Quebec, Canada, who is known for the single "No Means No", which was very popular in Canada, peaking at #2 on the Billboard Canada single sales chart. Ricky J had been active since the late 1990s and opened for TLC on their FanMail Tour in 1999. His debut album, Lose Control, was released in 2001 on Warner Bros. Records. He later left Warner Bros. to sign with an independent label, Evolution Records, in 2002. Through Evolution, he released his second album, "WHITEBOYS". In 2010, he released the single "Whatta Night", and was featured on the 2011 album 4Play in the track "Good Life".

References

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20101123200441/http://www.billboard.com/charts/canadian-hot-100

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Canadian DJs
Canadian male rappers
21st-century Canadian rappers
Musicians from Montreal
21st-century Canadian male musicians
Sarah Mary Malet Bradford (née Hayes; born 3 September 1938) is an English author who is best known for her royal biographies.

Early life and education
Bradford was born in Bournemouth in 1938, the daughter of Brigadier Hilary Anthony Hayes . She was educated at St Mary's School, Shaftesbury, Dorset. She won a State scholarship to Lady Margaret Hall, University of Oxford, but met Anthony Bradford, a real estate developer, at Oxford, and abandoned her degree to marry him. The couple lived in Barbados, Lisbon, and Sardinia; they had two children, but divorced.

Sarah Bradford then worked for the manuscript department of the auctioneer Christie's in London, where she met her second husband, William Maxwell David Ward; the two married in 1976.

Writing career
She began her career as a writer with her first book, The Englishman's Wine, written while she lived in Portugal.  She has now published more than a dozen major works.  Her husband became 8th Viscount Bangor in 1993.  She is fluent in four languages and has travelled extensively.  The couple live in London.  Bradford was interviewed in connection with the 1994 edition of the PBS video The Windsors:  A Royal Family and with the 2007 BBC documentary Gladstone and Disraeli (presented by Huw Edwards), and assisted with the screenwriting for The Borgias, a 2011 television series. In 2012, she was working on a biography of Queen Victoria.

Her books have been translated into at least ten languages.

Biographies
 Cesare Borgia (1976)
 The Borgias (with John Prebble) (1981)
 Disraeli (1982)
 Princess Grace (1984)
 George VI, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1989, 
 The Reluctant King (American version of George VI)
 Sacheverell Sitwell. Splendours and Miseries (1993)
 Elizabeth: A Biography of Britain's Queen (1996); according to WorldCat, the book is in over 1760 libraries
 America's Queen: The Life of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (2000); according to WorldCat, the book is in over 1650 libraries
 Lucrezia Borgia: Life, Love and Death in Renaissance Italy, Viking, 2004, 
 Diana, Penguin Group, London, 2006, ; according to WorldCat, the book is in over 890 libraries
 Queen Elizabeth II: Her Life in Our Times, Penguin, London, 2011,

Other books
 The Englishman's Wine: The Story of Port (1969)
 Portugal and Madeira (1969)
 Portugal (1973)

References

External links
 

1938 births
Living people
Alumni of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford
Writers from Bournemouth
People educated at St Mary's School, Shaftesbury
20th-century English historians
21st-century English historians
20th-century English biographers
21st-century British biographers
20th-century English women writers
21st-century English women writers
British women historians
British women biographers
Claire Merritt Hodgson Ruth, born Clara Mae Merritt (September 11, 1900 – October 25, 1976), was a native of Athens, Georgia, United States, who is most famous for having been the second wife of Babe Ruth.

Biography
Claire's first husband, Frank Hodgson, died February 16, 1921, leaving her with a daughter, Julia. She met Ruth in 1923. Ruth was still married to Helen Woodford, his first wife, at this time. Woodford died in a house fire in January 1929, and Ruth and Hodgson married that April 17, staying together until Ruth's death in 1948. 

In later years, she indicated her responsibility, in part, for the poor relationship between her husband and teammate Lou Gehrig. According to Claire, Gehrig's mother indicated that the Ruths' adopted daughter, Dorothy, was not as well dressed as Claire's biological daughter, Julia; when Ruth was informed of this, he angrily demanded that Gehrig never speak to him off the ballfield again. Ruth and Gehrig did not make up until the day of Gehrig's famous "I'm the luckiest man on the face of this earth" speech in 1939. Later, Claire admitted that she had overreacted, apologetically accepting full responsibility for the rift between the two players—which, however, had numerous other causes besides the one indicated by Claire.

Claire lived to see two of Ruth's most famous records broken: his single season record of 60 home runs, superseded by Roger Maris in 1961; and his career record of 714 home runs, which was broken by Hank Aaron in 1974. In her twilight years, she sometimes attended games that Aaron was playing, and was supportive of Aaron's effort. Ruth was quoted as saying: "The Babe loved baseball so very much; I know he was pulling for Hank Aaron to break his record."

Mrs. Ruth was portrayed by Claire Trevor in the 1948 film The Babe Ruth Story, by Lisa Zane in the 1991 TV-movie Babe Ruth, by Kelly McGillis in the 1992 film The Babe, and by Renee Taylor in 61*.

Claire Ruth is buried next to her husband at Gate of Heaven Cemetery in Hawthorne, New York. The inscription on the headstone lists her birth year as 1900, instead of 1897.

References

1900 births
1976 deaths
Babe Ruth
Burials at Gate of Heaven Cemetery (Hawthorne, New York)
People from Athens, Georgia
The National Center for Research in Economic Education (NCREE) is a non-profit center located at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in Lincoln, Nebraska, US.  Its primary function is to assist researchers and other organizations with research, assessment and evaluation projects in economics education.  The NCREE has designed, developed and revised widely used standardized test instruments for assessing the economics knowledge of students at various stages of education (e.g., Basic Economics Test (BET), Test of Economic Knowledge (TEK), Test of Economic Literacy (TEL) and Test of Understanding in College Economics (TUCE)).  The NCREE is home to REED, the Research in Economic Education Data Base.

External links
 National Center for Research in Economic Education
 National Council on Economic Education

Economics education
University of Nebraska–Lincoln
A bibliographic index is a bibliography intended to help find a publication. Citations are usually listed by author and subject in separate sections, or in a single alphabetical sequence under a system of authorized headings collectively known as controlled vocabulary, developed over time by the indexing service. Indexes of this kind are issued in print periodical form (issued in monthly or quarterly paperback supplements, cumulated annually), online, or both. Since the 1970s they are typically generated as output from bibliographic databases (whereas earlier they were manually compiled using index cards).

"From many points of view an index is synonymous with a catalogue, the principles of analysis used being identical, but whereas an index entry merely locates a subject, a catalogue entry includes descriptive specification of a document concerned with the subject".

The index may help search the literature of, for example, an academic field or discipline (example: Philosopher's Index), to works of a specific literary form (Biography Index) or published in a specific format (Newspaper Abstracts), or to the analyzed contents of a serial publication (New York Times Index).

See also

 Citation index
 Guide to information sources
 Indexing and abstracting service
 Library catalog
 List of academic databases and search engines
 Metabibliography
 Metadata registry
 Subject index

References

Bibliographic databases and indexes
Pruritus vulvae is itchiness of the vulva, which is the counterpart of pruritus scroti, and may have many different causes.  Patch testing may be used to diagnose the cause.

Causes 
This condition is a symptom of an underlying condition more often than it is a primary condition.  
Vulva irritation can be caused by any moisture left on the skin.  This moisture may be perspiration, urine, vaginal discharge or small amounts of stool. 
It may be caused by vaginal infections, vulvitis, HPV (human papilloma virus) infection, anal incontinence, Bowen's disease, or dietary irritants (caffeine, potatoes, chilli, capsicum, tomatoes, and peanuts).

Treatment with antibiotics can lead to a yeast infection and irritation of the vulva.
Some diseases increase the possibility of yeast infections, such as diabetes mellitus.

Chronic inflammation of the vulva predisposes to the development of premalignant or malignant changes.

References

 

Pruritic skin conditions
Mount Pearigen () is a prominent mountain (3,020 m) standing 6 nautical miles (11 km) northwest of Mount Hart in the Admiralty Mountains. Mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1960–64. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Lieutenant Commander Jare M. Pearigen, U.S. Navy, helicopter pilot in Operation Deep Freeze 1968, 1969 and 1970.

Mountains of Victoria Land
Borchgrevink Coast
Göteborgs BK ("Gothenburg Ball Club") is a now defunct Swedish football club which was located in Gothenburg. The club is the oldest football club in Sweden known by name, and the second oldest known club in Sweden, only preceded by an unnamed society from Gothenburg that was mentioned in an article in Göteborgs-Posten in May 1874. Göteborgs BK was founded a year later, in 1875, and most likely only played the code of football known as Swedish football which was similar to, but not identical to association football. The first chairman was G. Bohlander, a wholesaler.

Göteborgs BK was probably one of the clubs that established a set of rules for Swedish football in 1885, along with Stockholms BK, founded in 1879 in Stockholm, and Visby BK from Visby. These three clubs were the leading in the at that time three leading towns in the development of football in Sweden and the rules established were to dominate the Swedish football scene in the following years. The club is also mentioned as having participated in a sport festival arranged by Göteborgs GS, a gymnastics club, on 4 September 1887, during which two of the club's teams played a match of Swedish football against each other on Heden. One of the players of the match was Carl Blidberg or his brother, or possibly both. Carl Blidberg was at the time chairman of the sport club IS Lyckans Soldater, which started playing Swedish football in 1888. Lyckans Soldater also played the first football match ever played on Swedish soil between two Swedish teams using the association football rules, in 1892 against Örgryte IS.

It is unknown when Göteborgs BK ceased to exist. On source claims that the club was re-formed in 1882 as Göteborgs IK, which in turn ceased to exist already sometime around 1885. It is unknown if "re-formed" means that the club had ceased to exist before that or "re-formed" only means that the club was reorganised that year.

The club was also active in other sports, including cricket, athletics and rowing.

References 

 
 

Defunct football clubs in Sweden
Association football clubs established in 1875
Football clubs in Gothenburg
1875 establishments in Sweden
Abdul Al-Ghadi (born 26 September 1962) is a Yemeni former track and field athlete. He competed for North Yemen at the 1984 Summer Olympic Games in the men's 800 m and finished eighth in his heat and failed to progress.

References

External links
 

1962 births
Living people
Yemeni male middle-distance runners
Olympic athletes for North Yemen
Athletes (track and field) at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Lyutvi Ahmed Mestan (, ) (born 24 December 1960) is a Bulgarian politician of Turkish-Bulgarian origin. He was chairman of the Movement for Rights and Freedoms from January 2013 to 24 December 2015. He has been the Member of Parliament for Kardzhali. He was removed as party leader by the DPS central council and expelled from the party for what it considered an excessively pro-Turkish government stance following the downing of a Russian bomber jet by the Turkish Air Force. He subsequently founded a new political force, DOST, acronym of Democrats for Responsibility, Solidarity and Tolerance in Bulgarian, and a double entendre also signifying friend in Turkish. The party is based on pro-EU, pro-NATO and liberal opinions.

References

External Links 

1960 births
Living people
People from Kardzhali Province
Members of the National Assembly (Bulgaria)
Bulgarian people of Turkish descent
Movement for Rights and Freedoms politicians