Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) is a statistical method for generating a near-random sample of parameter values from a multidimensional distribution. The sampling method is often used to construct computer experiments or for Monte Carlo integration.

LHS was described by Michael McKay of Los Alamos National Laboratory in 1979. An independently equivalent technique was proposed by Vilnis Eglājs in 1977.   It was further elaborated by Ronald L. Iman and coauthors in 1981. Detailed computer codes and manuals were later published.

In the context of statistical sampling, a square grid containing sample positions is a Latin square if (and only if) there is only one sample in each row and each column. A Latin hypercube is the generalisation of this concept to an arbitrary number of dimensions, whereby each sample is the only one in each axis-aligned hyperplane containing it.

When sampling a function of  variables, the range of each variable is divided into  equally probable intervals.  sample points are then placed to satisfy the Latin hypercube requirements; this forces the number of divisions, , to be equal for each variable. This sampling scheme does not require more samples for more dimensions (variables); this independence is one of the main advantages of this sampling scheme. Another advantage is that random samples can be taken one at a time, remembering which samples were taken so far.

In two dimensions the difference between random sampling, Latin hypercube sampling, and orthogonal sampling can be explained as follows:
In random sampling new sample points are generated without taking into account the previously generated sample points. One does not necessarily need to know beforehand how many sample points are needed.
In Latin hypercube sampling one must first decide how many sample points to use and for each sample point remember in which row and column the sample point was taken. Such configuration is similar to having N rooks on a chess board without threatening each other.
In orthogonal sampling, the sample space is divided into equally probable subspaces. All sample points are then chosen simultaneously making sure that the total set of sample points is a Latin hypercube sample and that each subspace is sampled with the same density.

Thus, orthogonal sampling ensures that the set of random numbers is a very good representative of the real variability, LHS ensures that the set of random numbers is representative of the real variability whereas traditional random sampling (sometimes called brute force) is just a set of random numbers without any guarantees.

References

Further reading

Sampling techniques
Latin squares
Design of experiments
1979 introductions
Euhalidaya is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

Species
Euhallidaya basalis (Wulp, 1890)
Euhallidaya chosica (Townsend, 1915)
Euhallidaya genalis (Coquillett, 1897)
Euhallidaya orbitalis (Townsend, 1927)
Euhallidaya valparadisi (Cortés, 1968).

References

Diptera of South America
Diptera of North America
Exoristinae
Tachinidae genera
Graham Sandercock is an author, journalist and former teacher living in Cornwall,  UK, who once stood for the UK parliamentary seat of South East Cornwall. He was head of the Geography department at Devonport High School for Boys. He left the school in 2008 after teaching there for 29 years.

Politics
Sandercock stood as a Mebyon Kernow parliamentary candidate for South East Cornwall in the UK General Election of 2005 and gained 769 votes, 1.4% of the turnout, coming fifth overall.

Cornish language
Sandercock has released several albums of popular songs in Cornish. He has published several books in the Cornish language including a beginner's course in Cornish Holyewgh an Lergh, which was first published in 2005 and is accompanied by two cassettes. He has edited the monthly magazine An Gannas since its inception in 1977. He is an elected member of Kesva an Taves Kernewek "Cornish Language Board".

References

Related links

UK General Election 2005 results

Living people
Politicians from Cornwall
Cornish-speaking people
Cornish language
Cornish nationalists
Mebyon Kernow politicians
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century English educators
Charles-Adolphe Stein,  (August 1, 1878 – February 27, 1938) was a Quebec politician, lawyer and judge.

He was born in Quebec City to immigration agent Léonce Stein and Alma Baillairgé. Stein studied at the Quebec Seminary and at Laval University where he studied law and received the Governor General's Academic Medal in 1902. He was admitted to the Quebec bar that same year and became King's Counsel in 1912.

Stein practice law in Rivière-du-Loup, Quebec alongside Ernest Lapointe and Léon Casgrain who would both serve as senior cabinet ministers in the federal and provincial governments respectively.

He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec as the Quebec Liberal Party MLA for Kamouraska in the 1912 provincial election and was re-elected in 1916 and 1919. He resigned his provincial seat on March 31, 1920, in order to enter federal politics when his law partner and Kamouraska MP Ernest Lapointe resigned his seat in order to run in Quebec East which had become vacant due to the death of Sir Wilfrid Laurier.

Stein was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in a 1920 by-election and was re-elected in the 1921 federal general election as the federal Liberal Party MP for the federal riding of Kamouraska. He resigned his seat in 1922 to accept an appointment to the Superior Court of Quebec.

References

External links

1878 births
1938 deaths
Judges in Quebec
Lawyers in Quebec
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
Quebec Liberal Party MNAs
Canadian King's Counsel
Université Laval alumni
Vital is the name of:

 Vital Ahačič (1933–1995), Slovenian accordionist and pedagogue
 Vital Alsar (born 1933), sailor
 Vital Aza (1851–1912), Spanish author, playwright, poet, and satirist
 Vital Balla, Congolese politician
 Vital Borkelmans (born 1963), Belgian footballer
 Vital Brazil (1865–1950), Brazilian physician, biomedical scientist, and immunologist
 Vital Bułyha (born 1980), former footballer
 Vital Cliche (1890–1976), Canadian politician
 Vital Cuinet (1833–1896), French geographer and orientalist
 Vital de Mortain, founder of Savigny Abbey
 Vital Dejkała (born 1984), retired Belarusian professional footballer
 Vital Eiselt (born 1941), Slovenian basketballer
 Vital Hajdučyk (born 1989), Belarusian professional footballer
 Vital Hébert (died 1867), landowner and political figure in New Brunswick
 Vital Heynen (born 1969), former Belgian volleyballer
 Vital Joachim Chamorin (1773–1811), French general officer
 Vital Kamerhe (born 1959), Congolese politician
 Vital Kibuk (born 1989), Belarusian professional footballer
 Vital Kramko (born 1941), chairman of "October" (Октябрь), an agricultural collective
 Vital Lahaye (born 1937), Belgian writer and teacher
 Vital Ledzianioŭ (born 1979), retired Belarusian professional footballer
 Vital Łańko (born 1977), professional Belarusian footballer
 Vital Makaŭčyk (born 1981), retired Belarusian professional footballer
 Vital N'Simba (born 1993), Angolan-born DR Congolese footballer
 Vital Nadzijeŭski (born 1981), retired Belarusian professional footballer
 Vital Panasiuk (born 1980), Belarusian professional footballer
 Vital Rahožkin (born 1976), retired Belarusian professional footballer
 Vital Roux (1766–1846), French businessman
 Vital Rymašeŭski (born 1975), Belarusian politician
 Vital Soares (1874–1933), Brazilian lawyer and politician
 Vital Šapiatoŭski (born 1983), Belarusian professional footballer
 Vital Taraščyk (born 1980), retired Belarusian professional footballer
 Vital Têtu (1799–1883), political figure in Lower Canada
 Vital Vaładziankoŭ (born 1976), retired Belarusian professional footballer
 Vital Miranda Whitford, founder of Asociación de Scouts de Nicaragua

See also 
 Saint Vital (disambiguation)
 Vital (disambiguation)
Gibostad Chapel () is a chapel of the Church of Norway in Senja Municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. It is located in the village of Gibostad on the east coast of the island of Senja. It is an annex chapel for the Lenvik parish which is part of the Senja prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The white, wooden chapel was built in a long church style in 1939 as a bygdehus, but in 1982 it was upgraded to an official chapel. The chapel seats about 110 people.

See also
List of churches in Nord-Hålogaland

References

External links

Senja
Churches in Troms
Wooden churches in Norway
20th-century Church of Norway church buildings
Churches completed in 1939
1939 establishments in Norway
Long churches in Norway
The European Youth Festival (see: List of film festivals in Europe) is a filmfestival made by young people. Every year in February the festival organizes exhibitions of movies and workshops. There are also guests, like directors and actors, who participate in Q&A's after the exhibitions. The mission of the festival is to engage young people to act and think in an artistic setting. JEFF the film microbe is mascot of the festival, he wants to infect everybody by the film virus.

History

Start in Antwerp
The festival was created in the eighties; the first edition, in 1989 took place in Cinema Cartoon's, Antwerp. Hugo Elsemans was director of the festival en Felix Vanginderhuysen made the program. Since then, the festival has moved to different locations, for example UGC Antwerpen, MUHKA_Media, Cinema Zuid and others.

Extension to Bruges
In 1999, the festival expanded to Bruges, thanks to a group of youngsters who wanted to use Cinema Lumière as location. Competitions films are still shown there, and also Cinema Liberty is now a location for the festival.

Films
Each year, the festival gives its attention to European films. The films are divided in different categories:
opening and closing film
competition feature films
competition short films
program for young children
EXTRAJEFF: premières, favorites of previous editions, documentaries, ...
Cut the Crap: films selected by youngsters (12+)
EcoHuis: films that discuss nature, animals, ...

Jury
The jury consist of two parts: a professional jury and a children's jury. Both juries choose a "Best feature film" and a "Best short film". The audience also chooses a best feature film. Every winner gets a JEFFaward, created by a young artist.

Projects
The Youth Film Festival organizes exhibitions at school, takes young people to the Giffoni Film Festival in Italy, ... A particular project is Film Fun in Bed, in collaboration with different hospitals in Flanders: children who cannot leave the hospital can follow the festival online. They also get to nominate their favorite movie.

References 

The site: http://www.jeugdfilmfestival.be/
Partners: http://www.jekino.be/nl/over_jekino-197.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20151118183645/http://www.dokweb.net/en/documentary-network/producers-calendar/european-youth-film-festival-9227/

Children's film festivals
Perevolochnoye () is a rural locality (a selo) in Khreshchatovskoye Rural Settlement, Kalacheyevsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 464 as of 2010. There are 10 streets.

Geography 
Perevolochnoye is located 38 km southwest of Kalach (the district's administrative centre) by road. Khreshchatoye is the nearest rural locality.

References 

Rural localities in Kalacheyevsky District
Alnwickhill ( ) is a suburb of Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. It is on the southern edge of the city, approximately  from the city centre. It neighbours the areas of Liberton and Kaimes.

The area is now primarily residential, but was the site of Backside Lee Farm until the 1970s when the land was sold to Crudens for development.

Alnwickhill Reservoir and Waterworks

The waterworks, including a covered treated water reservoir and open settling ponds, were designed in 1875 by the civil engineer James Leslie. A second covered reservoir was added in 1888 giving a total capacity of 15 million gallons. Each covered reservoir had an outlet house built in Classic style. The builder was James Young and Son. Initially, the main water source was Gladhouse Reservoir in the Moorfoot Hills and the works supplied East Edinburgh, Leith and Portobello. In 1905 the supply was supplemented by the Talla Reservoir to cope with the growing population. It was created a listed building in 1996. The waterworks were closed in 2012 on completion of new waterworks at Glencorse Reservoir. The site has been restored and developed for housing. One of the covered reservoirs remains.

References

Areas of Edinburgh
"I Don't Know" is a song by English musician Paul McCartney, released by Capitol Records as a double A-side single alongside "Come On to Me", ahead of McCartney's 17th studio album, Egypt Station.

McCartney's website described "I Don't Know" as a "plaintive, soul-soothing ballad as only Paul can deliver."

In the 'Casual Conversation with Jarvis Cocker at LIPA' (25 July 2018), McCartney said that in his opinion John Lennon would like this song.

Background, composition, and recording
In the 'Words Between Tracks' about writing a song, McCartney said:

"I wrote this after going through a difficult period. Like people have nothing sort of madly serious or anything, but just one of those days when it’s like, "Oh my god, am I doing wrong here", you know. And sometimes that’s a good way to write a song, because you’re coming from your soul. And we often used to say that writing a song was like talking to a psychiatrist, a therapist or something. Because you’re saying it… You are saying it in a song rather than in a room to a specialist. Yeah, so it was me just thinking this problem out, and putting it into a song."

The track was recorded at Henson Studios in Los Angeles, with additional sessions recorded at Hog Hill Mill (Sussex) and Abbey Road Studios. "I Don't Know" was also engineered by Steve Orchard, Alex Pasco, Billy Bush, Julian Burg and Greg Kurstin.

Release 
The song was officially issued on 20 June 2018. On 11 October 2018, the official Paul McCartney website announced that the exclusive version of the double A-side single would be released as part of Record Store Day. The hand-numbered vinyl was limited to 5,000 copies and was available at independent record stores around the world on 23 November 2018.

Reception 
"I Don't Know" received favorable reviews from critics. In The Guardian, Alexis Petridis wrote that "I Don't Know" is "impossibly sumptuous" and "shows [McCartney's] extraordinary melodic facility is completely intact". Pitchfork described it as having a "bleakness ... almost unprecedented in McCartney's catalog". A review in The Times praised its "beautiful piano melody" and compared it to McCartney's early solo work—"equally breezy and sad".

Personnel
 Paul McCartney – lead and backing vocals, bass guitar, acoustic guitar, piano, keyboards, percussion, drums
 Greg Kurstin – keyboards, electric guitar, Mellotron
 Rob Millett – cimbalom

Charts

References

2018 singles
2018 songs
Paul McCartney songs
Capitol Records singles
Song recordings produced by Greg Kurstin
Songs written by Paul McCartney
2010s ballads
The following outline traces the territorial evolution of the U.S. state of Oregon.

Outline

Historical territorial claims of Spain in the present state of Oregon:
Nueva California, 1768–1804
Gran Cuenca, 1776–1821
Alta California, 1804–1821
Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819
Historical international territory in the present state of Oregon:
Oregon Country, 1818–1846
Anglo-American Convention of 1818
Provisional Government of Oregon (extralegal), 1843–1849
Oregon Treaty of 1846
Historical political divisions of the United States in the present state of Oregon:
Unorganized territory created by the Oregon Treaty, 1846–1848
Territory of Oregon, 1848–1859
Oregon Organic Act, August 14, 1848
Northern portion of Oregon Territory incorporated in new Washington Territory, March 2, 1853
State of Deseret (extralegal), 1849–1850
State of Oregon since 1859
Oregon Statehood Act, February 14, 1859 (Eastern portion of territory transferred to Territory of Washington)

See also
Historical outline of Oregon
History of Oregon
Territorial evolution of the United States
 Territorial evolution of California
 Territorial evolution of Idaho
 Territorial evolution of Nevada
 Territorial evolution of Washington

References

External links
State of Oregon website
Oregon Blue Book: Oregon History
Oregon Historical Society
Oregon History Project

Pre-statehood history of Oregon
Oregon
Oregon
Oregon
Oregon
History of the West Coast of the United States
Geography of Oregon
Open Fire is the first live album released by American hard rock/heavy metal band Y&T, released in 1985 by A&M Records, produced by Scott Boorey and the band.

The live material on the album was recorded at various venues in Greater London in early 1985, and during April 5–6, 1985, at the Keystone club in Palo Alto, California. The Keystone songs – "Go For the Throat" and "Open Fire" – were recorded by Guy Charbonneau in Le Mobile, a mobile recording studio. All of the live tracks were remixed at A&M Studios.

The song "Summertime Girls" is a studio recording, produced and engineered separately by Kevin Beamish at Sound City Studios in Van Nuys.

Reception
Open Fire would prove to be a success, spending 17 weeks on the Billboard 200, and peaking at Number 70. The album introduced the song "Summertime Girls" which would go on to become the band's biggest hit, peaking at Number 16 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Chart. The song also appeared on the band's next proper studio album, Down for the Count, which was released in November 1985.

Despite this, Open Fire would go on to become on the hardest albums to find by the band until Hip-O Records (a subsidiary of Universal that specializes in reissuing previously out-of-print albums and themed music compilations) reissued it with two bonus tracks in 2005. The bonus material consisted of live renditions of "Black Tiger" (which was previously unreleased) and "Summertime Girls." The live version of "Summertime Girls" also appeared as the B-side of the studio cut when it was released as a single. In the same year, Majestic Rock Records also released the album on CD using the track list of the vinyl release. It featured a different front cover, but the back cover was the same as the original A&M release, as well as the Hip-O reissue.

Track listing

Personnel
Dave Meniketti – vocals, guitar
Joey Alves – guitar, vocals
Phil Kennemore – bass, vocals
Leonard Haze – drums, percussion
Additional personal
John Nymann, Bill Costa – backing vocals
Production
Scott Boorey, Y&T – producers
Adam Day, Pete Deanda – technicians
Nigel James – production management
Kevin Beamish – producer on track 5
Niko Bolas – remixing at A&M Studios, Los Angeles, California, US
Bill Traut, Scott Boorey, Quadrangle management – management
Chuck Beeson – art direction

Chart

References

Y&T albums
1985 live albums
A&M Records live albums
Albums produced by Kevin Beamish
Libertador is one of the 13 municipalities of the state of Monagas, Venezuela. The municipality's capital is Temblador.

Geography 
Libertador Municipality is located to the southwest of Monagas State. Its vegetation is tropical dry forest, with average annual temperature of 27.1°C and average annual precipitation of 1,000 mm. Among the main watercourses are Caño Mánamo and the Morichal Largo River.

Economy 
The economy is based on agriculture and forestry (primarily pine plantations).

Culture 

The indigenous Warao people live in Libertador Municipality. They speak Warao, an agglutinative language isolate.

Cuisine 
A typical dish of this region is Soup of Ocumo, prepared with banana, jojoto and leaf sprouts of ocumo (Xanthosoma).

Public holidays 
On September 8, the region celebrates the day of the Virgin of the Valley, patron of the east of Venezuela.

Mayor 
 Miguel Presilla (2017 - 2021) PCV.

References

Municipalities of Monagas
The majority of writers on business in China are Chinese authors, writing in Chinese for Chinese audiences. Others include western "old China hands" and journalists.

Chinese authors
Notable Chinese business authors include academics such as Li Yining, Disequilibrium in the Chinese Economy (1990), as well as media pundits such as businessman Ni Runfeng.

Western authors
Since the economic opening of China, several of the first generation of Western businessmen in China have also written accounts of their experiences:
 Tim Clissold Mr. China: A Memoir 2006 2nd.Ed. 2010, on running Jack Perkowski's Asimco.
 Jack Perkowski Managing the Dragon: How I’m Building a Billion Dollar Business in China 2008

Others have been written by journalists:
 Jim Mann Beijing Jeep 1997, former Los Angeles Times Beijing Bureau chief describes the early Beijing Jeep JV.
 James L. McGregor One Billion Customers 2005 by former Wall Street Journal China bureau chief.

Related is the category of business fiction such as the novel of John D. Kuhns China Fortunes: A Tale of Business in the New World 2010

References

China
Writers about China
Congregation Beth Israel, also known as the Orchard Street Shul, is an Orthodox Jewish synagogue at 232 Orchard Street in New Haven, Connecticut.  The synagogue building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The congregation was founded in 1913 by an orthodox congregation that was formed by Jewish families who had prospered sufficiently to move beyond the neighborhood of first immigrant settlement around Oak and Lafayette Streets  to the area of upper Oak Street (renamed Legion Avenue in 1928) and  Winthrop Avenue.  First meeting in leased space, in 1915 the congregation moved into a remodeled house at 147 Orchard Street. In 1923 they purchased a lot at 232 Orchard Street for $12,000 (today $) and built the present Colonial revival style building in 1925.  The architect was Louis Abramowitz and the builder was C. Abbadessa.

By the late twentieth century, the membership was elderly, the Jewish population of the city had moved elsewhere, and the future of the synagogue was in doubt.

Efforts to preserve the synagogue were organized by the Cultural Heritage Artists Project  and the synagogue returned to regular weekly use during 2011 under the leadership of Rabbi Mendy Hecht, whose grandfather Rabbi Maurice I. Hecht had been rabbi at the shul for 45 years, and whose father Rabbi Sheya Hecht had also served in the pulpit.

The synagogue was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

The synagogue website  describes the historic restoration of the Orchard Street Shul that has taken place during 2012 and that there are traditional Shabbat services held every Saturday morning at 9:30 AM as well as on all Jewish holidays, with no tickets or membership required to attend High Holiday services.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in New Haven County, Connecticut

References

External links
 Orchard Street Shul

Synagogues in Connecticut
Buildings and structures in New Haven, Connecticut
National Register of Historic Places in New Haven, Connecticut
Synagogues on the National Register of Historic Places in Connecticut
Historic district contributing properties in Connecticut
1925 establishments in Connecticut
Synagogues completed in 1925
Colonial Revival architecture in Connecticut
Colonial Revival synagogues
Neoclassical architecture in Connecticut
Neoclassical synagogues