Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
A sporocarp is a specialised type of structure in the aquatic ferns of the order Salviniales whose primary function is the production and release of spores.   

Sporocarps are found only in the Salviniales, a group that is aquatic and heterosporous, but the structures are very different in the two families of the order. In the Salviniaceae family, the sporocarp is nothing more than a modified sorus, a single cluster of spore-producing tissues enclosed by a thin sphere of tissue and attached to the leaves. In the Marsileaceae (water-clover) family, the sporocarp is a more elaborate structure formed from an entire leaf whose development and form is greatly modified. These are hairy, short-stalked, bean-shaped structures (usually 3 to 8 mm in diameter) with a hardened outer covering. This outer covering is tough and resistant to drying out, allowing the spores inside to survive unfavorable conditions such as winter frost or summer desiccation. Despite this toughness, the sporocarps will open readily in water if conditions are favorable, and specimens have been successfully germinated after being stored for more than forty years. Each growing season, only one sporocarp develops per node along the rhizome near the base of the other leaf-stalks.

The sporocarps are functionally and developmentally modified leaves, although they have much shorter stalks than the vegetative leaves. Inside the sporocarp, the modified leaflets bear several sori, each of which consists of several sporangia covered by a thin hood of tissue (the indusium).  Each sorus includes a mix of two types of sporangium, each type producing only one of two kinds of spores. Toward the center of each sorus and developing first are the megasporangia, each of which will produce a single large female megaspore. Surrounding them at the edge of the sorus and developing later are the microsporangia, each of which will produce many small male microspores.

References

Salviniales
Plant morphology
Alison Dougall (née Pughe, born 27 May 1964) is Associate Professor and Director of the Special Care Dentistry doctorate programme at Trinity College Dublin, Head of Department of Child and Dental Public Health at Trinity College Dublin and Consultant for medically complex patients at Dublin Dental Hospital.

Biography 
Dougall was born and brought up in Coventry. She is the eldest daughter of June Pughe FBBO, the Founder and Principal of the Allesley School of Dance in Coventry. Dougall was one of the first 30 girls to attend King Henry VIII School. In 1978, Dougall competed in the inaugural BBC Young Musician of the Year competition.

Dougall was inaugurated as President of the International Association of Disability and Oral Health (iADH) at its general assembly meeting on 3 October 2020.

References

External links 

 

1964 births
People from Coventry
Dental academics
Academics of Trinity College Dublin
Living people
The Spencer Amphibian Air Car is an American light amphibious aircraft. The name was first used in 1940 for a prototype air vehicle that developed into the Republic Seabee. The name was later used by its designer Percival Spencer for a series of homebuilt amphibious aircraft roughly based on the Seabee design.

Design and development

Percival H. Spencer formed the Spencer-Larsen Aircraft Corporation and designed the SL-12C amphibian. Disenfranchised with corporate policies in the development of the SL-12C amphibian, Spencer started the Spencer Amphibian Air Car in 1940. The original Spencer Amphibian Air Car was test flown in 1941. The aircraft was put into storage due to wartime restrictions in effect in the US during World War II. The aircraft and rights to its design were sold to Republic as the "Seabee" in 1943. After leaving Republic, he designed the on-off two-seat Air Car. In 1968, Spencer and retired USAF Col. Dale L. "Andy" Anderson formed a new company to market a four-place amphibious homebuilt design once again called the Spencer Amphibian Air Car, with S-12C, S-12D, S-12E, and S-14 variants. The first example was test flown in 1970 in Chino, California. The unit had a build cost of $8700.00

The S-12-D Aircar is an improved and larger four-seat aircraft, which retains the basic layout of the Seabee. The two seat S-14 used advanced composites and was test flown by Spencer in 1983 at the age of 86. Its design did not meet expectations and the sole example was donated to the EAA AirVenture Museum in Oshkosh, Wisconsin.

The Air Car is built from wood, steel and glass-fibre. It has a strut-braced high wing and the cabin and fuel-carrying floats are similar to the Seabee, but the tail unit is more angular and a retractable tricycle undercarriage is fitted.

In addition to examples constructed by Spencer, plans of the design have been sold for home construction and the first amateur-built Air Car flew in September 1974. Over 50 had flown by 2001. Examples are currently (2009) flying in the US and Canada.

Variants

Spencer Amphibian Air Car  initial two-seat version
S-12-C  early production with  Lycoming
S-12-D  main production version with  Lycoming O-360 or  Lycoming O-540

S-12-E  prototype re-engined with  Continental Tiara 6-285
S-14 Air Car Junior  two-seater, twin booms, Lycoming O-320, one example
Spencer-Larsen SL-12C
Later prototype built in association with the (Victor A) Larsen Aircraft Co, incorporating many design changes, but flight test were unsuccessful and the sole prototype was dismantled after 10 hours flying.

Specifications S-12-E

References

External links

aerofiles
SPENCER AMPHIBIAN AIRPLANE Percival H. Spencer
PERCIVAL HOPKINS SPENCER

1970s United States civil utility aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1941
The Köln–Düsseldorfer Kriminalkomitee is an association of German crime writers who live in Cologne and Düsseldorf. It was founded in March 2009. 

Members are Martin Conrath, Horst Eckert, Sabine Klewe from Düsseldorf and Brigitte Glaser, Martin Schüller, Ilka Stitz and Stefan Winges from Cologne.

The authors join and take readings on the texts to a dialogue. The name alludes to the Cologne Carnival and the Düsseldorf Carnival to the tradition of the two cities and has an ironic look at the prevailing mutual animosities.

References

External links 
 

German crime fiction writers
Culture in Cologne
Culture in Düsseldorf
Organizations established in 2009
2009 establishments in Germany
Donje Selo may refer to the following places:

Donje Selo (Goražde) in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Donje Selo (Ilijaš) in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Donje Selo (Konjic) in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Donje Selo, Danilovgrad in Montenegro
Huw David  is a Welsh Labour politician and leader of Bridgend County Borough Council since October 2016.

Background

A resident of Cefn Cribbwr, David became the county borough councillor for his area in 2004.

He served as a backbencher until he was re-elected in 2008 and appointed Cabinet Member for Resources.

In 2012 he changed portfolios, taking on the role of Cabinet Member for Children and Young People. He was also appointed Deputy Leader in 2015.

After Mel Nott resigned as Leader in 2016, David was elected as his successor. 

Under David’s Leadership, in the 2022 elections Welsh Labour won overall control of Bridgend County Borough Council for the first time since 2012. In May 2022 he was re-elected as council leader. He was honoured as an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in June 2022.

References 

Welsh politicians

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Beam of Prism is the debut extended play by South Korean girl group Viviz. It consists of seven tracks, including the lead single "Bop Bop!". The extended play was released by BPM Entertainment on February 9, 2022.

Background and release
On October 6, 2021, it was announced that Eunha, SinB, and Umji, who were former members of GFriend, has signed with BPM Entertainment and would be debuting as a trio. On January 24, 2022, BPM Entertainment announced the trio would be making their debut on February 9, 2022, with the release of their first extended play Beam of Prism. Two days later, the promotional schedule was released. On January 29, the mood sampler video was released. On February 2, the track listing was released with "Bop Bop!" announced as the lead single. Four days later, the highlight teaser video was released. The music video teasers for "Bop Bop!" were released on February 7 and 8.

Composition
"Bop Bop!" was described as a "hybrid" pop dance song with "latin-style rhythm and disco [rhythm]" with lyrics about "[the group's] aspiration to enjoy music". "Fiesta" was described as a "retro" pop song with "light atmosphere". "Tweet Tweet" was described as a song with "bold lyrics" characterized by "impressive, unique, and fun [rhythm]". "Lemonade" was described as a R&B song with "[rhythm] that are reminiscent of [the] 90s". "Love You Like" was described  as a song in the alternative pop genre with "repetitive chorus" characterized by "the members' simple vocals" with lyrics about "the members' gratitude and love to [their] long-awaited fans". Umji also participated in writing of "Love You Like". "Mirror" was described as a song with "emotional orchestral arrangements and lyrical melodies".

Commercial performance
Beam of Prism debuted at number two on South Korea's Gaon Album Chart in the chart issue dated February 6–12, 2022; on the monthly chart, the extended play debuted at number eight in the chart issue for February 2022 with 50,000 copies sold. In Japan, the extended play debuted number 42 on the Oricon Albums Chart in the chart issue dated February 28, 2022.

Track listing

Notes
 "Bop Bop!" is stylized in all caps.

Charts

Weekly charts

Monthly charts

Release history

References

Viviz albums
2022 debut EPs
Korean-language EPs
A pathogen is a microorganism in the widest sense that causes disease in its host.

Pathogen  may also refer to:

 Pathogen (Two Steps from Hell album), 2007
 Pathogen (Made of Hate album), 2010
 Pathogen (film), a 2006 zombie horror independent film 
 "Pathogen" (Stargate Universe), an episode of Stargate Universe
The Huaxinghui (), commonly translated as the China Revival Society or China Arise Society, was founded by Huang Xing and Zhang Shizhao on 15 February 1904 with the election of Huang Xing as its president, in Changsha of Hunan for the explicit political goal of overthrowing the Qing dynasty and establishing a democratic and free country. Many of its members later became key figures of the Tongmenghui.

Background
In 1903, Russian Empire made seven requests to the Qing Dynasty in an attempt to invade and occupy Northeast China. This action shook Japan. The Asahi Shimbun first published this news, and the Chinese students studying in Japan held a student conference at the Kinkikwan () in Tokyo. In early June, Huang Xing returned to China from Japan as an "athlete"  of the Army and National Education Association () and planned new actions in Hunan and Hubei. On November 4, 1903, in the name of celebrating his 30th birthday, Huang Xing invited Liu Kuiyi (), Song Jiaoren, Zhang Shizhao and others to hold a secret meeting at the home of Peng Yuanxun (), Baojia Bureau Lane, West District of Changsha, and decided to organize an anti-Qing revolutionary group to name "Huaxinghui", and called it "Huaxing Company" () to the outside. The group's members amounted to hundreds of people, mostly intellectuals. Its purpose was to "expel the Tatar barbarians and revive Zhonghua" (); its strategy was to launch a war in Hunan, and the provinces respond to "go straight to Youyan" ().

History
The China Revival Society was dominated by students from Hunan who had returned from Japan. Nevertheless, from the very beginning it had strong ties with secret societies, especially with the Ko Lao Hui whose organizational structure the Huaxinghui paralleled, particularly in the field of the military chain of command. This connects to the primary goal of the Huaxinghui: to "kick out the Tartars" through assassinations of important Manchu officials.

After two failed plots, in November 1904 and early 1905, Huang Xing fled to Japan. There he met Sun Yat-sen in the summer of 1905 for the first time in Tokyo, in order to discuss the possibility of the merger of Sun's Xingzhonghui and the Huaxinghui. A compromise was reached, and Huang decided to support Sun fully. At this point the Huaxinghui had ceased to exist. On 20 August 1905, Sun Yat-sen was elected Tsung-li (premier) of the new party named Tongmenghui. Today historians generally agree that without the Huaxinghui's participation, the founding of the Tongmenghui would not have been possible.

References

Further reading 
 

1904 establishments in China
1911 Revolution
Chinese secret societies
Political parties established in 1904
Chinese nationalist political parties
Tongmenghui
Windsor Borough Police was the police force responsible for policing the borough of Windsor in Berkshire, England until 1947.

It had been established in 1836 as a result of the Municipal Corporations Act 1835.  Windsor Borough Police was amalgamated into Berkshire Constabulary on 1 February 1947 due to the Police Act 1946.  The responsibility for policing Windsor Castle was, and still is that of the Metropolitan Police.

Windsor is today policed by the successor to Berkshire Constabulary, Thames Valley Police.

See also
List of defunct law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom

References

Defunct police forces of England
Constabulary
The Kosovo Longcrower or Kosovo Long Crowing Rooster is a breed of chicken originating in Kosovo. It developed as a landrace in the area of the Drenica in Kosovo, and thus in the Albanian language it is commonly called Rooster of Drenica.

Origin and distribution
The breed originated in the region of Kosovo and surrounding areas. Before 2011 it was a rarely kept breed, however it is now widely kept across Europe. Due to its unique feature (long crowing) it became popular between poultry breeders. From Kosovo this breed spread into other Balkan countries as well. Nowadays, it is found in Kosovo.

Description

The birds are black. The rooster might have a few red or gold feathers on the wings. Over time, white spots can occur on its feathers, which is a sign of aging. On the head there is a characteristic crest of black feathers. There might be two symmetrical short horns on its nose, like the horns of a goat. In most cases their V-shaped comb (crest) leans forward. Its beak is yellow (or gold), or even white, whereas the feet are mainly olive-green, as well as gray. The types that have green feet always have a yellow-gold beak, and their song lasts, or even exceeds, 1 minute. The rooster's tail has some longer sword shaped feathers and it is held straight (horizontal with the body).

The roosters weigh 2–3.25 kg and the hens from 1.5–2 kg. The hens are nonsitters, and produce 160 white eggs per year of 55–60 g weight. A chicken starts to produce eggs when eight months old. Chicks hatch out brown.

Crow
This breed belongs to the group of long-crowing chicken breeds. Their crow averages 20–40 seconds, exceptional birds will go on for 60 seconds. The cock starts to crow when six to seven months old.

References

Further reading
 Proposed Standard of the Kosova Long Crowing Rooster (in Albanian)

Chicken breeds originating in Kosovo
Long-crowing chickens
Chicken breeds
Drenica
BJCC may refer to the:

Bathurst Jewish Community Centre
Birmingham–Jefferson Convention Complex
Niño is a 2014 Philippine television drama series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Maryo J. de los Reyes, it stars Miguel Tanfelix in the title role and David Remo. It premiered on May 26, 2014, on the network's Telebabad line up replacing Carmela: Ang Pinakamagandang Babae sa Mundong Ibabaw. The series concluded on September 12, 2014, with a total of 80 episodes. It was replaced by Strawberry Lane in its timeslot.

The series is streaming online on YouTube.

Premise
Niño, who will be adopted and raised by Leny and David after being separated from his parents due to an accident, will become a source of inspiration and hope to the people in Barrio Pag-asa. While Tukayo will help and guide Niño in overcoming different circumstances.

Cast and characters

Lead cast
 Miguel Tanfelix as Niño Innocente / Miguel Sagrado Ibarra
 David Remo as Tukayo Maki / Sto. Niño

Supporting cast
 Gloria Romero as Violeta
 Dante Rivero as Pedro Sagrado
 Angelu de Leon as Leny Innocente
 Jay Manalo as Lucio
 Katrina Halili as Hannah Sagrado-Ibarra
 Neil Ryan Sese as David Innocente
 Luz Valdez as Josefa "Epang" Innocente
 Ces Quesada as Danita Delos Santos
 Renz Valerio as Raphael Sagrado Ibarra
 Bianca Umali as Angelica "Gracie"
 Sandy Talag as Tiny Delos Santos
 Julian Marcus Trono as Cocoy
 Vincent Magbanua as Matmat
 German Moreno as Pete

Recurring cast
 Jerald Napoles as Obet
 Angeli Bayani as Helen
 Rafa Siguion-Reyna as Ric
 Annika Camaya as Charito
 Stephanie Sol as Magda

Guest cast
 Tom Rodriguez as Gabriel Ibarra
 Lito Legaspi as Manuel Reyes
 Bettina Carlos as Heidi
 Gian Magdangal as Juanito 
 Isabelle Daza as Claire
 Jestoni Alarcon as Henry
 Mickey Ferriols as Cathy
 Barbara Miguel as Calay
 Sherilyn Reyes as Cynthia
 Lara Melissa De Leon as Perla
 Will Ashley De Leon as young Niño
 Elijah Alejo as young Gracie
 Flora Gasser as Ason
 Nicole Dulalia as Patty
 Andrea Del Rosario as Olivia

Ratings
According to AGB Nielsen Philippines' Mega Manila household television ratings, the pilot episode of Nino earned a 21.2% rating. While the final episode scored a 29.6% rating. The series had its highest rating on September 8, 2014, with a 30.4% rating.

Accolades

References

External links
 
 

2014 Philippine television series debuts
2014 Philippine television series endings
Filipino-language television shows
GMA Network drama series
Television shows set in Manila
The Local Government (Dublin) Act 1930 is an Act of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament) which altered the administration of County Dublin and Dublin City.

Provisions
Amongst other matters, it provided for:
 the abolition of the urban districts of Pembroke and Rathmines and Rathgar and their inclusion within the city limits;
 the abolition of urban districts of Dún Laoghaire, Blackrock, Dalkey, Killiney and Ballybrack, and the creation as their successor of the borough of Dún Laoghaire;
 the transfer, from 1 April 1931, of territory from the county to the city, termed the "added rural areas", including Drumcondra, Glasnevin, Donnybrook and Terenure;
 the abolition of rural districts in County Dublin (which had been abolished elsewhere under the Local Government Act 1925.

References

External links
Dublin Historic Maps: Dublin City historical limits, Between 1840 and 1953
Dublin Historic Maps: Dublin Townships and Urban Districts, between 1847 and 1930

1930 in Irish law
Acts of the Oireachtas of the 1930s
Local government in the Republic of Ireland
Politics of Dublin (city)
Politics of County Dublin
Afḍal al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Nāmāwar ibn ʿAbd al-Malik al-Khūnajī, best known as Afḍal al-Dīn Khūnajī (May 1194–December 1248), was a Persian scholar and a judge (qadi) in Ayyubid Egypt. He is an important figure in the history of logic in the Arabic language. He appears to have hailed from the locality of Khunaj (a small town to the north of Zanjan) which had been destroyed in the 13th century during the Mongol invasion of Iran.

Extant works
 al-Jumal
 al-Mujaz
 Kashf al-asrār ʿan ghawāmiḍ al-afkār
 Kulliyyāt
 al-Mūjaz fī ʿilm al-amrāḍ or al-Asbāb wa-l-ʿalāmāt
 al-Maṭālib al-ʿāliya fī l-ʿilm al-ilāhī

Sources
 
 
 

1194 births
1248 deaths
13th-century Iranian people
Scholars from the Ayyubid Sultanate
Iranian logicians
Iranian Arabic-language writers
The Local Mail Transfer Protocol (LMTP) is an alternative to (Extended) Simple Mail Transfer Protocol for situations where the receiving side does not have a mail queue, such as a message transfer agent acting as a message delivery agent. LMTP was described in  in 1996.

Overview
Mail queues are an inherent requisite of SMTP. In situations in which mail queues are not possible, LMTP is desirable, since a mail storage server should manage only its mail store without having to allocate more storage for a mail queue. This is not possible with SMTP when there are multiple recipients for a mail message. SMTP can only indicate successful delivery or failure for all or none of the recipients, creating the need for a separate queue to handle the failed recipients.

LMTP, on the other hand, can indicate success or failure to the client for each recipient, allowing the client to handle the queueing instead.  The client in this case would typically be an Internet-facing mail gateway. LMTP is not intended for use over wide area networks. In other words, the message transfer agent (MTA) still handles all outgoing mail, including the mail stream from the LMTP, to another mail server located somewhere on the Internet.

LMTP is an Application Layer protocol of the Internet Protocol Suite. It can use a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) transport like SMTP, but must not use port number 25, the well-known port for SMTP. Usage of port 24 ("any private mail system") is common among some mail server applications however.

Differences from SMTP
LMTP conversation syntax is based on the same commands as SMTP (formerly called Extended SMTP) with the following exceptions:
 LMTP must not be used on port 25, reserved for SMTP
LMTP uses LHLO verb instead of EHLO or HELO used in SMTP
 ESMTP requires a single status for the entire message body. LMTP requires a response for each previously successful RCPT command. That is, in case of multiple recipients, after the body of the message has been transmitted, LMTP can still fail for some recipient while succeeding for the others. With this facility, LMTP can fail if a user is over quota without the burden of generating bounce messages.

The key difference is that LMTP will reject a message for a specific final recipient if it is not immediately deliverable. This removes the need for a mail queue. For this reason, LMTP is not run on the standard TCP port of SMTP.

References

Internet mail protocols