Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Pioneer is the name of the first railroad locomotive to operate in Chicago, Illinois.  It was built in 1837 by Baldwin Locomotive Works for the Utica and Schenectady Railroad (U&S) in New York, then purchased used by William B. Ogden for the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad (G&CU, the oldest predecessor of Chicago and North Western Railway). The locomotive arrived in Chicago by schooner on October 10, 1848, and it pulled the first train westbound out of the city on October 25, 1848.

History 

When the locomotive was built by Baldwin #184 in 1837 for the U&S which gave it the name Alert.  It worked almost a decade before it was sold in 1848 to the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad.  The G&CU renamed the locomotive Pioneer and used it in the construction of the G&CU until 1850, at which time the locomotive was loaned to the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad for work laying the first track in Chicago that summer. The Pioneer was returned and became its road work locomotive. After the G&CU was merged into the Chicago and North Western (C&NW), the locomotive remained in service, until it was retired in 1875 at West Chicago, IL 

The locomotive has been preserved and is on display at the Chicago History Museum.

References 

 Chicago Historical Society, History Lab Collections - Riding the Rails.  Retrieved October 25, 2005.
 Rivanna Chapter, National Railway Historical Society (2005), This Month in Railroad History - October. Retrieved October 25, 2005.
 SteamLocomotive.com (November 1, 2004), Chicago Area Steam.  Retrieved October 25, 2005.
  History Channel, Deep Sea Detectives. Retrieved July 3, 2008.

Individual locomotives of the United States
4-2-0 locomotives
Chicago and North Western Railway locomotives
Early steam locomotives
History of Chicago
Preserved steam locomotives of Illinois
Jean-Baptiste-Pierre Lafitte (2 June 1796 – 6 March 1879) was a 19th-century French playwright, novelist, journalist and comedian.

A pensionnaire of the Comédie-Française, his plays were presented on the most important Parisian stages of his time including the Théâtre du Vaudeville, the Théâtre français, the Théâtre de l'Ambigu-Comique, and the Théâtre des Variétés.

Works 

1826: Une aventure de Charles V, comedy in 1 act
1831: L'Amitié des femmes, comedy in 1 act and in verse
1831: Les Sybarites, ou les Francs-maçons de Florence, lyrical drama in 3 acts
1832: Almanach du département des Landes pour l'année 1832
1832: Voltaire et Madame de Pompadour, comedy in 3 acts, with Charles Desnoyer
1832: Jeanne Vaubernier ou la cour de Louis XV, comedy in 3 acts, with Michel-Nicolas Balisson de Rougemont and Augustin Lagrange
1834: Tout chemin mène à Rome, comédie-vaudeville in 1 act, with Desnoyer
1835: Naissance et mariage, comédie-vaudeville in 1 act, with Eugène Cormon
1835–1838: Mémoires de Fleury, de la Comédie française, 1757 à 1820, 2 vol.
1836: Madeleine la sabotière, comédie vaudeville in 2 acts, with Jean-François-Alfred Bayard and Desnoyer
1836: Un serment de femmes, vaudeville in 1 act, with Cormon
1836: Valérie mariée, ou Aveugle et jalouse, drama in 5 acts, with Desnoyer
1840: Lauzun, comédie-vaudeville in 2 acts, with Michel Masson and X.-B. Saintine
1841: Le Tailleur de la Cité, vaudeville in 2 acts, with Masson and Saintine
1840–1841: Les Trois Marie, 2 vol., with Michel Masson
1844: Le docteur rouge, novel, 3 vol.
1845: Le Gage du roi, novel
1845: Le Gantier d'Orléans, histoire du XVIe siècle
1846: L'Angelus, drama in 5 acts and 6 tableaux, with Adolphe d'Ennery
1846: Un conte bleu, comédie-vaudeville in 1 act, with Frédéric Thomas
1847: Le Mari anonyme, comédie-vaudeville in 2 acts, with d'Ennery
1852: Le Pour et le contre, comedy in 1 act and in prose, with Eugène Nyon
1856: Lisette, vaudeville in 1 act

Bibliography 
 Gustave Vapereau, Dictionnaire universel des contemporains, 1870, p. 1030 
 Alfred Mézière, Lettres, sciences, arts: Encyclopédie universelle du XXe, 1908, p. 36

French librettists
19th-century French dramatists and playwrights
19th-century French novelists
19th-century French journalists
French male journalists
1796 births
People from Bayonne
1879 deaths
19th-century French male writers
Siyahchashm (Persian/Daylami; Siyāhçašm, literally "black eye"), also known by his laqab of Mahdi, was ruler of the Justanids from 919 to 928. He was the son and successor of Khusrau Firuz.

Siyahchashm's father Khusrau Firuz was killed in 919 by the Sallarid ruler Muhammad bin Musafir, who made the Justanids his vassal. Siyahchashm then succeeded Khusrau Firuz as the new ruler of the Justanids. Siyahchashm was killed in 928 by a Dailamite military commander named Asfar ibn Shiruya. He was succeeded by Justan IV.

Sources 
 

928 deaths
10th-century Iranian people
Justanids
Year of birth unknown
is an archaeological site containing the remains of a large early Jōmon period settlement located in the city of Tōno,  in Iwate Prefecture in the far northern Tōhoku region of Japan. It has been designated by the central government as a National Historic Site since 2002.

Overview
The Ayaorishinden ruins are located on a river terrace of on a branch of the Kitakami River in the Tōno Basin, at an altitude of approximately 270 meters and were discovered when the site was surveyed in preparation for development into an industrial park. The Tōno City Board of Education conducted exploratory surveys in 1997, and the site came under city protection in 2000.

The settlement consisted of 17 large pit houses, wells, and roads, with the houses arranged around a central square. Each house had a width of 4 to 6 meters, and a length of 8 to 14 meters, and the presence of multiple hearths seem to indicate that these were used by multiple family groups. A cemetery pit in the south end of the settlement yielded 50 earrings made of stone and bone, thought to have been produced from the Sea of Japan region of Japan. 

The site was backfilled after excavation and is now an empty field with an explanatory placard. The site is located approximately 50 minutes on foot from Ayaori Station on the JR East Kamaishi Line.

See also

List of Historic Sites of Japan (Iwate)

References

External links
Tono city home page 
Cultural Heritage Online 

Jōmon period
Tōno, Iwate
Historic Sites of Japan
Archaeological sites in Japan
History of Iwate Prefecture
Alamid may refer to:

 Alamid (band), a Filipino rock band
 Asian palm civet, called alamid in Tagalog
Markus Olsen Pettersen (born 12 February 1999) is a Norwegian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for KÍ.

Career
On 14 January 2019, Nest-Sotra signed Pettersen from SK Brann on a season-long loan deal.

References

External links
Profile at Nest-Sotra
Profile at NFF

1999 births
Living people
People from Askøy
Norwegian men's footballers
Norway men's youth international footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
SK Brann players
Nest-Sotra Fotball players
Eliteserien players
Norwegian First Division players
Footballers from Vestland
Manuel v. Joliet, 580 U.S. ___ (2017), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court held that a criminal defendant may bring a claim under the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution to challenge pretrial confinement. In a 6-2 majority opinion written by Justice Elena Kagan, the Court stated that "the Fourth Amendment governs a claim for unlawful pretrial detention even beyond the start of legal process". This decision reversed and remanded the judgment of the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals. Justice Clarence Thomas wrote a dissenting opinion. Justice Thomas also joined a dissenting opinion by Justice Samuel Alito.

See also
 List of United States Supreme Court cases
 Lists of United States Supreme Court cases by volume
 List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Roberts Court

References

External links
 

United States Fourth Amendment case law
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court
2017 in United States case law
Sa‘d ibn Zayd ibn Muḥsin () was Sharif and Emir of Mecca from 1666 to 1672, 1692 to 1694, 1694 to 1702, and briefly in 1704.

Birth
He was born in 1052 AH (1642/1643), the son of Zayd ibn Muhsin.

First reign
Sharif Zayd died in Mecca on Tuesday, 3 Muharram 1077 AH (6 July 1666), after 35 years on the throne. He was survived by four sons: Sa'd, Hasan, Muhammad Yahya, and Ahmad. Only Sa'd and Hasan were present at his death; Muhammad Yahya was in Medina and Ahmad was in Najd.

After Zayd's death there was disagreement among the ashraf as to who should succeed him as Emir of Mecca. The majority sided with Hamud ibn Abd Allah, whose claim lay in the fact that it was his father, Sharif Abd Allah ibn Hasan, who had originally summoned Zayd from Yemen to be co-ruler with his son Muhammad ibn Abd Allah. Only a small party of ashraf backed Sa'd for the Emirate, namely: Mubarak ibn Muhammad al-Harith, Rajih ibn Qaytbay, Abd al-Muttalib ibn Muhammad, Mudar ibn al-Murtada, Husayn ibn Yahya, Faris ibn Barakat, and Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Ali. Both sides petitioned Imad Agha, who as sanjak-bey of Jeddah and shaykh al-haram of Mecca was the Ottoman government's representative in the land. Imad Agha decided in favor of Sa'd and sent him the khil'ah (robe of honor).

Notes

References
 
 
 
 

Banu Qatadah
Sharifs of Mecca
17th-century Arab people
18th-century Arab people
It Fit When I Was a Kid is the first EP for the Drum's Not Dead LP by Liars.  It was the subject of some controversy when the original cover of the single was substituted for the censored version of the original.  A special edition release featuring the original artwork is planned.  The official vinyl release was limited to 500 copies. The song was remixed by Crystal Castles and is available online.

References

Liars (band) albums
2005 EPs
Mute Records EPs
Hermann Hamelmann (1526 – 26 June 1595) was a German Lutheran theologian and the reformer of Westphalia. Born in Osnabrück, he became the priest at Kamen in 1552. While a priest, he converted to the Evangelical Lutheran faith and announced it publicly on Trinity Sunday, 1553, and as a result he was forced to leave the town. During a stay at Wittenberg, he discussed the Lord's Supper with Philipp Melanchthon. In August 1553, he became the pastor at Bielefeld, and in 1556 he became the pastor at St. Mary's Church in Lemgo. He became General Superintendent at Bad Gandersheim in 1560, where he introduced the Reformation into Braunschweig. He was instrumental in bringing the Lutheran faith to Oldenburg after becoming Superintendent there in 1573. Along with Nikolaus Selnecker, he wrote the Oldenburg Church Order in 1573. A learned man, he was deep in conviction and sound in his faith.

Works
1564 Oldenburgisch Chronicon
1564/5 Illustrium Westphaliae virorum libri 1–6
1586/7 Historia ecclesiastica renati evangelii per inferiorem Saxoniam et Westphaliam

References
Jacobs, Henry Eyster. "Hamelmann, Hermann." Lutheran Cyclopedia. New York: Scribner, 1899. p. 212.

1525 births
1595 deaths
Clergy from Osnabrück
16th-century German Lutheran clergy
Converts to Lutheranism from Roman Catholicism
The Council of Ashtishat () called by Saint Nerses, catholicos of the Armenian church in 354 AD, was the first ever council of bishops in Armenia. It was held in Ashtishat, the location of mother church of Armenia.

The council saw the drafting of canons and rules for church administration and was part of the process of establishing the Armenian canon of the Bible. It also set standards for moral aspects of public life and laws to protect the family.

References 

6th-century church councils
364
Ancient Armenia
Armenian Apostolic Church
4th century in Armenia
Christianity in the Sasanian Empire
Sasanian Armenia
Governing assemblies of religious organizations
Sabouraud agar or Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) is a type of agar growth medium containing peptones. It is used to cultivate dermatophytes and other types of fungi, and can also grow filamentous bacteria such as Nocardia. It has utility for research and clinical care.

It was created by, and is named after, Raymond Sabouraud in 1892. In 1977 the formulation was adjusted by Chester W. Emmons when the pH level was brought closer to the neutral range and the dextrose concentration lowered to support the growth of other microorganisms. The acidic pH (5.6) of traditional Sabouraud agar inhibits bacterial growth.

Typical composition

Sabouraud agar is commercially available and typically contains:
 40 g/L dextrose
 10 g/L peptone
 20 g/L agar
 pH 5.6

Medical Use
Clinical laboratories can use this growth medium to diagnose and further speciate fungal infections, allowing medical professionals to provide appropriate treatment with antifungal medications. Histoplasma and other fungal causes of atypical pneumonia can be grown on this medium.

References

Microbiological media
The 2003 WNBA season was the seventh season for the Los Angeles Sparks franchise. The Sparks reached the WNBA Finals for the third consecutive season, but fell to the Detroit Shock in three games.

Offseason

Dispersal Draft

WNBA draft

Regular season

Season standings

Season schedule

Player stats

References

Los Angeles Sparks seasons
Los Angeles
Western Conference (WNBA) championship seasons
Los Angeles Sparks
10th TFCA Awards
December 19, 2006

Best Film: 
 The Queen 
The 10th Toronto Film Critics Association Awards, honoring the best in film for 2006, were given on 19 December 2006.

Winners
Best Actor:
Sacha Baron Cohen - Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan 
Runners-Up: Ryan Gosling – Half Nelson and Forest Whitaker – The Last King of Scotland

Best Actress: 
Helen Mirren - The Queen
Runners-Up: Penélope Cruz – Volver and Judi Dench – Notes on a Scandal

Best Animated Film: 
Happy Feet
Runners-Up: Over the Hedge and A Scanner Darkly

Best Canadian Film: 
Manufactured Landscapes
Runners-Up: The Journals of Knud Rasmussen, Monkey Warfare and Six Figures

Best Director (tie): 
Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne - L'Enfant
Stephen Frears - The Queen
Runners-Up: Paul Greengrass – United 93 and Martin Scorsese – The Departed

Best Documentary Film: 
Manufactured Landscapes
Runners-Up: Deliver Us from Evil and An Inconvenient Truth

Best Film: 
The Queen
Runners-Up: The Departed and United 93

Best First Feature: 
Thank You for Smoking 
Runners-Up: Brick and Little Miss Sunshine

Best Foreign Language Film: 
L'Enfant • Belgium
Runners-Up: Pan's Labyrinth • Mexico/Spain and Volver • Spain

Best Screenplay: 
The Queen - Peter Morgan
Runners-Up: Babel – Guillermo Arriaga and The Departed – William Monahan

Best Supporting Actor: 
Michael Sheen - The Queen
Runners-Up: Danny Huston – The Proposition and Mark Wahlberg – The Departed

Best Supporting Actress: 
Cate Blanchett - Notes on a Scandal
Runners-Up: Jennifer Hudson – Dreamgirls and Rinko Kikuchi – Babel

References

2006
2006 film awards
2006 in Toronto
2006 in Canadian cinema
Adolf Heinrich Claus Hansen (29 November 1859- 28 October 1925) known as Adolf Heinrich-Hansen, was a Danish architectural painter. His father, Heinrich Hansen, was also an architectural painter. Late in his life, he turned to animal painting.

History
Adolf Heinrich-Hansen was born in Copenhagen, the son of architectural painter and later professor Heinrich Hansen and Margrethe Elisabeth Burmeister. He studied theology for four years at the University of Copenhagen before deciding to follow in his father's footsteps.

He had probably already worked as an assistant to his father. He studied at C.F. Andersens's sketching school and at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts from 1883 to 1886. He received a travel grant from the Carlsberg Foundation in 1890. He had had his debut at the Charlottenborg Exhibition in 1885 and exhibited there until 1909. He was also represented at the Nordic Exhibition in 1888 and at the World Rxhibitions in Paris in 1889 and Chicago in 1893 and exhibited in Berlin in 1783–96 and in Munich in 1899. Den Frie Udstilling hosted a special exhibition of his works in 1911.

In the 1890s, he taught perspective both at the Art School for Women and the Academy. He visited Germany, Belgium, Italy and Normandy.

Works
Heinrich-Hansen's works include architectural paintings of churches and castles, especially their interiors. He also painted cityscapes, especially from historic Herman town centres. He also worked on the island of Fanø, painting interiors with women in traditional clothes. He also painted a few portraits. Late in his life, he turned to animal painting, specializing in horses and dogs.

Personal life
Heinrich-Hansen married Karen Margrethe Leuning, daughter of the later Minister of Justice Carl Peter Gram Leuning. They divorced in 1917 and he later married Ellen Marie Irene Kretzschmer.

Gallery

References

External links

 Adolf Heinrich-Hansen at Kunstindeks Danmark
 Adolf Heinrich-Hansen at artnet

1859 births
1925 deaths
Animal artists
Danish painters
Painters of architecture
Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts alumni
Antero Lindman (born 25 December 1964) is a Finnish racewalker. He competed in the men's 50 kilometres walk at the 1996 Summer Olympics.

References

1964 births
Living people
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Finnish male racewalkers
Olympic athletes for Finland
Place of birth missing (living people)
Gordon Lionel Clifford (1928–2008), also known by the nickname of "Punchy", was an Australian professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s. A state and national representative  and prolific goal-kicker, he played his club football in Sydney mainly with Newtown, who have named him as one of their greatest ever players.

A South Sydney junior player, Clifford started playing in the NSWRFL premiership for the Newtown club in 1951. He played at fullback for Newtown in their loss to Souths in the 1954 NSWRFL season's grand final, kicking six goals.
In the grand final of the 1955 NSWRFL season the same two sides again faced each other. Clifford missed a 79th minute field goal attempt and Souths were again victorious.

In 1956 Clifford was first selected to represent Australia in the 2nd Test against New Zealand, becoming Kangaroo No. 324. He was selected on the 1956–57 Kangaroo Tour and after the great Clive Churchill was injured in the 1st Test, Clifford took over as Australia's fullback playing in four Test matches and ten tour games and topping the tour points-scoring tally list with 94 points (2 tries, 44 goals). He made his first state appearance for New South Wales in 1957 and the following year with Churchill in his career twilight, Clifford displaced "the Little Master" in the domestic three Test series against the visiting British tourists. These would be Clifford's last representative appearances. He joined Eastern Suburbs for one season in 1960, and then retired from the sport.

References

Bibliography
 Whiticker, Alan & Hudson, Glen (2006) The Encyclopedia of Rugby League Players, Gavin Allen Publishing, Sydney
 Andrews, Malcolm (2006) The ABC of Rugby League Austn Broadcasting Corpn, Sydney

1928 births
2008 deaths
Australian rugby league players
Sportsmen from New South Wales
Rugby league players from Sydney
Newtown Jets players
Australia national rugby league team players
Sydney Roosters players
Rugby league fullbacks
New South Wales rugby league team players
Belaya Gorka 1-ya () is a rural locality (a selo) in Sukhodonetskoye Rural Settlement, Bogucharsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 169 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

Geography 
Belaya Gorka 1-ya is located 46 km southeast of Boguchar (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sukhoy Donets is the nearest rural locality.

References 

Rural localities in Bogucharsky District
Jacquelin Michelle Maycumber (née Anderson, born 1979) is an American politician of the Republican Party. She is a member of the Washington House of Representatives, representing the 7th Legislative District.

Career
Maycumber served as the legislative assistant to Representative Shelly Short.

In February 2017, Maycumber was appointed to serve the remaining term of Representative Shelly Short after Short was appointed to the Senate. Maycumber won her retention election in November 2017.

Awards 
 2020 Guardians of Small Business. Presented by NFIB.

References

External links

1979 births
Living people
Republican Party members of the Washington House of Representatives
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians
Women state legislators in Washington (state)
People from Colville, Washington
The Clocks of Iraz is a fantasy novel by American writer L. Sprague de Camp, the second book of both his Novarian series and the "Reluctant King" trilogy featuring King Jorian of Xylar by Iraz Modasser and Farah Modasser. It was first published as a paperback by Pyramid Books in 1971. It was reprinted by Del Rey Books in December 1983, March 1984, and July 1989. It was later gathered together with the other books in the trilogy, The Goblin Tower (1968) and The Unbeheaded King (1983), into the omnibus collection The Reluctant King (Nelson Doubleday/SFBC, February 1985). An E-book edition was published by Gollancz's SF Gateway imprint on September 29, 2011, as part of a general release of de Camp's works in electronic form. The novel has been translated into Portuguese, Italian, French, German and Dutch.

Plot summary
In this sequel to The Goblin Tower, ex-king Jorian of Xylar and Dr. Karadur renew their alliance, with the latter offering to help the former recover his favorite wife Estrildis in return for a new service. Jorian is commissioned to repair the clocks in the Tower of Kumashar, the great lighthouse of Iraz, capital city of the empire of Penembei to the south of Novaria. The timepieces had originally been installed by Jorian's father Evor the Clockmaker, a renowned practitioner of that trade.

Complications consist of a pair of competing prophecies regarding the fate of the city, Iraz's cut-throat politics and xenophobic racing factions (clearly based on those of the Byzantine Empire), and a perfect storm of enemies approaching the city, including the pirates of Algarth, a mercenary company from Novaria, the desert hordes of Fedirun, and a revolutionary peasant army. Topping these is the Emperor Ishbahar himself, who seems to think Jorian might make a good heir to dump the whole mess on. Jorian hardly needs to hear a new prophecy relating to himself—"beware the second crown"—to tread cautiously. It will take luck as well as cunning just to get out alive, let alone save the city and seize the forlorn hope of regaining Estrildis with the aid of Karadur's flying bathtub.

The riots which dominate the last chapters of the book are evidently modeled on the Nika riots, a major event in the reign of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian.

Setting
As in The Goblin Tower, the political constraints under which the protagonist labors are at least as important as the fantastic element. Just as Novaria echoes Classical Greece, the city of Iraz with its convoluted infighting is grounded on earthly models, particularly the Bronze Age city-states of Sumeria, Hellenistic Alexandria, and Late Antique Constantinople, a setting de Camp had been familiar with at least since his researches for his early novel Lest Darkness Fall.

References

1971 American novels
1971 fantasy novels
American fantasy novels
Novels by L. Sprague de Camp
Pyramid Books books