Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The concept of Melanesian socialism was first advocated by Father Walter Lini of the New Hebrides (now Vanuatu), who became the country's first Prime Minister upon its independence from France and the United Kingdom in 1980. Lini's views on socialism were inspired by Julius Nyerere's experiments in African socialism in Tanzania.

Lini believed that socialism was inherently compatible with Melanesian societies and customs, including the emphasis on communal welfare over individualism and the communal ownership and working of land. In this, Nyerere's influence is perceptible as the latter stressed the similarities between socialism and traditional African ways of life.

Lini was an Anglican priest and believed that socialism held close similarities with Christian values and sought to combine the two as part of a Melanesian way. In this sense, socialism was not to be revolutionary, but instead fully in line with ni-Vanuatu tradition.

Although he admired Nyerere and his government sought rapprochement with countries such as Cuba and Libya, Lini believed that socialism should not necessarily entail an alliance with the Soviet Union or the Eastern bloc. Indeed, he preferred for Vanuatu to remain non-aligned and to develop closer ties with its fellow Melanesian nations (such as Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands). In 1982, he expressed hopes for an eventual Melanesian federal union and spoke of the "renaissance of Melanesian values", including "Melanesian socialism".

Lini also noted that in traditional Melanesian societies "'[g]iving' was based on one's ability to do so. 'Receiving' was based on one's need".

In New Caledonia, the Kanak Socialist National Liberation Front (FLNKS), an alliance of pro-independence parties, advocates the implementation of socialism along with accession to sovereignty. Independent Melanesian nations (most notably Vanuatu) have expressed support for the FLNKS.

See also 

 African socialism
 Arab socialism
 Third World socialism

Bibliography 
 Huffer, Elise (1993). Grands Hommes et Petites Îles: La Politique Extérieure de Fidji, de Tonga et du Vanuatu. Paris: Orstom. .
 Denoon, Donald et al. (ed.) (1997). The Cambridge History of the Pacific Islanders. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. .
 Linnekin, Jocelyn (1990). "The Politics of Culture in the Pacific". In Linneki, Jocelyn; Poyer, Lin (ed.). Cultural Identity and Ethnicity in the Pacific. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. .

Further reading 
 Premadas, Ralph R (1986). Melanesian Socialism: Vanuatu's Quest for Self-definition (Discussion Paper Series/Centre for Developing-Area Studies). McGill University.
 Lini, Walter (1980). Beyond pandemonium: From the New Hebrides to Vanuatu. Asia Pacific Books.
 Howard, Michael C. (November 1983). "The Myth of Melanesian Socialism". Labour Capital and Society. 16:2. pp. 176–203.
 Tabani, Marc (2000). "Walter Lini, la coutume de Vanuatu et le socialisme mélanésien". Journal de la Société des océanistes. 111. pp. 173–194.

 
Melanesia
Politics of Vanuatu
Political science terminology
Types of socialism
Denise Koegl (born August 3, 1988) is an Austrian former competitive figure skater. She is the 2008 Austrian national champion, the 2007 Austrian national silver medalist, and the junior national champion in 2002 and 2003.

Personal life 
Koegl was born on August 3, 1988, in Graz, Austria. She received a coaching diploma from the University of Vienna and the Bundessport Akademie Vienna. In July 2013, she graduated from Karl-Franzens University in Graz with a degree in media communications followed by a master's degree in 2016. She also studied English and psychology and philosophy. She graduated with the degree Magister philosophiae (Mag.phil.).

Career 
Koegl represented Eis Sport Club Graz. She was briefly coached by her mother, a former Austrian junior champion in ladies' singles, and then by her grandmother, Elli Koegl-Staerck, who was 6th in pair skating at the 1950 World Championships.
She also won the Euro Cup in her earlier years of skating.

Koegl sustained an ankle injury in August 2008 and underwent a complicated surgery. Since the recovery took much longer than expected and due to enduring pain in her right ankle, she decided to officially end her career in February 2010 after winning her 7th Styrian Championship title.

Koegl appeared at the 71. Hahnenkammrennen in Kitzbuehel, where she worked for Red Bull and various Austrian Sports magazines.

Programs

Competitive highlights 
JGP: Junior Grand Prix

References

External links

Navigation 

Austrian female single skaters
Living people
1988 births
Competitors at the 2009 Winter Universiade
Lau Shui Heung () is a village in Fanling, North District, Hong Kong.

Administration
Lau Shui Heung is a recognized village under the New Territories Small House Policy.

See also
 Lau Shui Heung Reservoir
 Kwan Tei
 Kwan Tei River

References

Further reading
 Agreement No. CE 45/2008 (CE) Liantang / Heung Yuen Wai Boundary Control Point and Associated Works -Environmental Impact Assessment Report. Appendix 12.2f: Detailed Records of Identified Built Heritage Features within CHIA Study Area of the Lau Shui Heung Tunnel Section (South Tunnel)

External links

 Delineation of area of existing village Lau Shui Heung (Fanling) for election of resident representative (2019 to 2022)

Villages in North District, Hong Kong
Fanling
The 2012 Deadly Awards were hosted by Luke Carroll and Casey Donovan at the Sydney Opera House on 25 September 2012. Jessica Mauboy and opera singer Deborah Cheetham performed at the ceremony. The Awards program were broadcast on nationally on SBS One on 30 September 2012.  The event was an annual celebration of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander achievement in music, sport, entertainment and community.

Lifetime Achievement
Ella Award for Lifetime Achievement in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Sport: Arthur Beetson (NRL)
Jimmy Little Award for Lifetime Achievement in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Music: The Sapphires – Beverly Briggs, Naomi Mayers, Lois Peeler, Laurel Robinson and Tony Briggs
The Marcia Langton Award For Lifetime Achievement In Leadership: Percy Neal
The Lifetime Contribution Award For Healing The Stolen Generations: Aunty Lorraine Darcy Peeters

Music
Single Release of the Year: Jessica Mauboy  – "Galaxy"
Album Release of the Year: Troy Cassar-Daley – Home
Male Artist of the Year: Gurrumul Yunupingu
Female Artist of the Year: Jessica Mauboy
Band of the Year: The Last Kinection
Most Promising New Talent in Music: Marcus Corowa
Hip Hop Artist of the Year: Yung Warriors
APRA Song of the Year: "Biding My Time", Busby Marou, Writers: Thomas Busby / Jeremy Marou, Publisher: Sony/ATV Music Publishing Australia Pty Ltd

Sport
Sportsman of the Year: Patrick Mills, basketball
Sportswoman of the Year: Bo de la Cruz
Outstanding Achievement in AFL: Lewis Jetta
Outstanding Achievement in NRL: Ben Barba
Most Promising New Talent in Sport: Damien Duncan Hooper (boxing)

The arts
Film of the Year: Mabo
TV Show of the Year: The Straits
Male Actor of the Year: Jimi Bani, playing Eddie Mabo in Mabo
Female Actor of the Year: Deborah Mailman, playing Bonita Mabo in Mabo
Outstanding Achievement in Literature: Ali Cobby Eckermann for Ruby Moonlight
Dancer of the Year: Janet Munyarryun
Visual Artist of the Year: Vernon Ah Kee

Community
Outstanding Achievement in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health: Boodjari Yorgas Family Care Program
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Worker of the Year – John Corowa
Outstanding Achievement in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Employment: Gavin Lester – Boomerang Constructions
Broadcaster of the Year: Natalie Ahmat – NITV News 
Outstanding Achievement in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education: Napranum Parents and Learning Group (PAL)
Outstanding Contribution To The Stolen Generations: AbSec – NSW
Outstanding Achievement In Cultural Advancement: Tjanpi Desert Weavers – NPY Women's Council

The Sydney Opera House Award
Thelma Plum

References

External links
2012 Deadlys at Vibe

Deadly Awards
The Deadly Awards
Indigenous Australia-related lists
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Lutetium (177Lu) chloride}}

Lutetium (177Lu) chloride is a radioactive compound used for the radiolabeling of pharmaceutical molecules, aimed either as an anti-cancer therapy or for scintigraphy (medical imaging). It is an isotopomer of lutetium(III) chloride containing the radioactive isotope 177Lu, which undergoes beta decay with a half-life of 6.65 days.

Medical uses 
Lutetium (177Lu) chloride is a radiopharmaceutical precursor and is not intended for direct use in patients. It is used for the radiolabeling of carrier molecules specifically developed for reaching certain target tissues or organs in the body. The molecules labeled in this way are used as cancer therapeutics or for scintigraphy, a form of medical imaging. 177Lu has been used with both small molecule therapeutic agents (such as 177Lu-DOTATATE) and antibodies for targeted cancer therapy

Contraindications 
Medicines radiolabeled with lutetium (177Lu) chloride must not be used in women unless pregnancy has been ruled out.

Adverse effects 
The most common side effects are anaemia (low red blood cell counts), thrombocytopenia (low blood platelet counts), leucopenia (low white blood cell counts), lymphopenia (low levels of lymphocytes, a particular type of white blood cell), nausea (feeling sick), vomiting and mild and temporary hair loss.

Society and culture

Legal status 
Lutetium (177Lu) chloride (Lumark) was approved for use in the European Union in June 2015. Lutetium (177Lu) chloride (EndolucinBeta) was approved for use in the European Union in July 2016.

On 21 July 2022, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the medicinal product Illuzyce, a radiopharmaceutical precursor. Illuzyce is not intended for direct use in patients and must be used only for the radiolabelling of carrier medicines that have been specifically developed and authorized for radiolabelling with lutetium (177Lu) chloride. The applicant for this medicinal product is Billev Pharma ApS. Illuzyce was approved for medical use in the European Union in September 2022.

References 

Radiopharmaceuticals
Lutetium compounds
Chlorides
Orphan drugs
Koenigia islandica is a species of annual flowering plant in the buckwheat family, Polygonaceae and is the type species of the genus Koenigia. It is a very small plant and is found growing on wet gravel and scree in arctic tundra and alpine meadows.

Description

Koenigia islandica is a minute, hairless, annual plant with a slender taproot. It grows to a height of  and is one of the world's smallest plants. It has simple or branched, often reddish, stems which root at the lower nodes. The leaves are in opposite pairs, fused at the base to a short sheath which surrounds the stem; the leaf blades are up to  long, obovate, oblong or elliptic, with a blunt tip. The inflorescence is a few-flowered cyme with several bracts. The individual flowers are green, white or pinkish, bisexual, with three tepals, three stamens and three fused carpels. The fruit is a three-sided nut containing a single seed. Flowering occurs during July and August.

Distribution and habitat
Koenigia islandica has a circumboreal arctic/alpine distribution. Its range includes Northern Europe, Central and Northern Asia, North America, Greenland, and Southern Chile and Argentina. It is typically found growing on arctic tundra, on wet scree, on areas of wet gravel, near lakes, pools and streams, on alpine meadows and beside patches of melting snow, at altitudes of up to . In the United States, it is found in Alaska, Colorado, Montana, Utah and Wyoming. In Britain it is restricted to scattered locations on the Isle of Skye and the Isle of Mull.

Ecology
On the island of Svalbard, Koenigia islandica is found on wet alluvial deposits, lake shores, and bare disturbed areas, growing on the black surface formed by mosses, liverworts and algal crust. It is one of only three annual vascular plants present on the island and the only common one, and with its range extending into the northern arctic tundra zone, it is considered the hardiest annual plant in the world. Its success may be due to it being restricted to wet sites, which moderates the climate, making it warmer in cold weather and cooler in hot dry weather. Even when killed by heat or drought after flowering, the plant may wither and dry up, but the fruits can still produce viable seed. Dispersal of the seeds is by birds and water, and they can remain in the ground for years before germinating when the conditions are suitable.

References

Polygonoideae
Plants described in 1767
The Walls We Bounce Off Of is a bluegrass album by American musician John Hartford, released in 1994 (see 1994 in music).

Reception

Music critic Brian Beatty, writing for Allmusic, wrote of the album "Whatever this relaxed album lacks in comparison to the studio polish of his early RCA recordings or the reverence for older traditions that characterized his Rounder releases, there's no refuting that Hartford's love of music and joy for life permeate these seriously silly songs."

Track listing
All songs by John Hartford.
 "More Big Bull Fiddle Fun" – 3:43
 "The Queen of Rock & Roll"  – 2:20
 "Can't Stand to Throw Anything Away" – 3:39
 "Interstate Waltz" – 2:30
 "Flea Market Breakdown" – 2:59
 "Your Tax Dollars at Work" – 2:00
 "When the Dinner Bell Rings" – 1:32
 "I Just Wanna Look in There" – 4:52
 "The All Collision All Explosion Song" – 2:06
 "Fourteen Pole Cat Skins on a Chevy Camaro" – 2:45
 "Sexual " – 2:39
 "Wonder Woman" – 2:21
 "Hooter Thunkit" – 3:18

Personnel
 John Hartford – vocals, banjo, fiddle, guitar, percussion

References

John Hartford albums
1994 albums
Ruud and Rud are surnames of Norwegian origin. Both are also Norwegian place names of numerous farmsteads named Rud or Ruud from Old Norse ruð meaning clearing. Ruud is also a Dutch masculine given name meaning "famous wolf" although it is also often short for Rudolf.

Ruud
 Asbjørn Ruud (1919–1986),  Norwegian ski jumper
 Barrett Ruud (born 1983), American football linebacker 
 Birger Ruud (1911–1998),  Norwegian ski jumper
 Bo Ruud (born 1984), American football linebacker 
 Casper Ruud (born 1998), Norwegian tennis player
 Christian Ruud (born 1972), Norwegian tennis player
 David Ruud (born 1980), Swedish motorcycle speedway rider 
 Edwin Ruud (1854–1932), Norwegian-American mechanical engineer and inventor
 Espen Ruud (born 1984), Norwegian football defender
 Joseph Ruud (born 1981), American professional wrestler better known as (Erick) Rowan
 Maria Ruud (born 1960), American politician and a member of the Minnesota House of Representatives
 Millard Ruud (1917–1997), legal scholar
 Ole Ruud (born 1958), Norwegian conductor
 Roger Ruud (born 1958), Norwegian ski jumper
 Sif Ruud (1916–2011), Swedish film actress
 Sigmund Ruud (1907–1994),  Norwegian ski jumper
 Tom Ruud (born 1953), American professional football player
 William Ruud (born 1952), American educator, president of University of Northern Iowa

Rud
Adolf Rüd, Hauptscharführer  in the Waffen SS during World War II
Jon Rud (born 1986),  Danish swimmer who participated at the 2008 Summer Olympics 
Nils Johan Rud  (1908–1993), Norwegian novelist, writer of short stories children's writer, and magazine editor 
Ove Rud  (1923–2007), Danish film actor

Given name
 Ruud Boffin (born 1987), Belgian footballer
 Ruud Brood (born 1962), Dutch footballer
 Ruud de Wild (born 1969), Dutch radio host
 Ruud Geels (born 1948), Dutch footballer
 Ruud Gullit (born 1962), Dutch footballer
 Ruud Hesp (born 1965), Dutch football goalkeeper
 Ruud Heus (born 1961), Dutch footballer
 Ruud Janssen (born 1959), Dutch blogger
 Ruud Jolie (born 1976), Dutch musician
 Ruud Kaiser (born 1960), Dutch footballer
 Ruud Kleinpaste (born 1952), New Zealand TV presenter
 Ruud Knol (born 1981), Dutch footballer
 Ruud Krol (born 1949), Dutch footballer
 Ruud Kuijten (born 1973), Belgian badminton player
 Ruud Lubbers (1939–2018), Dutch Prime minister
 Ruud Misdorp (born 1952), Dutch water polo player
 Ruud Stokvis (born 1943), Dutch rower
 Ruud van Nistelrooy (born 1976), Dutch footballer
 Ruud Vormer (born 1988), Dutch footballer

Other
 Ruud Heating, Cooling & Water Heating, a division of Rheem Industries

See also
 Rudolph (disambiguation)

References

Dutch masculine given names
Masculine given names
Norwegian-language surnames
Hui So Hung (許素虹, Pinjin: Xǔ Sùhóng; born 2 December 1958) is a Hong Kong table tennis player who was born in Indonesia and grew up in Huizhou, Guangdong, China. She played at the 1988 Summer Olympics.

References

Hong Kong female table tennis players
Olympic table tennis players for Hong Kong
Table tennis players at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Living people
1958 births
Table tennis players from Guangdong
Asian Games medalists in table tennis
Table tennis players at the 1978 Asian Games
Table tennis players at the 1986 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1978 Asian Games
Asian Games silver medalists for Hong Kong
20th-century Hong Kong women
Superheroes is the fourth studio album by Racer X. It was released in Japan under the name "Adventure of Racer X-Men" and distributed by Universal Japan. This album was released on Paul Gilbert's 34th birthday.

Track listing

Personnel
Jeff Martin – vocals
Paul Gilbert – guitars
John Alderete – bass
Scott Travis – drums

Production
 William Hames – photography
 Bruce Bouillet – mixing
 Paul Gilbert – audio production, engineer

Trivia
 The song "Mad at the World" uses the same chord progression (but in a lower tuning) as "My Kinda Woman" by Mr. Big which was released on Lean into It.
 The song "Godzilla" is a cover of Blue Öyster Cult, and includes a brief interpolation of David Bowie's "Fame".
 The album was mixed by former Racer X guitar player Bruce Bouillet.
 The track "Evil Joe" contains samples from a prank call made by a friend of Gilbert's to Joe Aufricht of the black metal band Satanicon. The call in its entirety appears as a bonus track on Mushroomhead's 1999 album M3 under the title "Dark and Evil Joe".

References

External links
 Official Racer X website

Racer X (band) albums
2001 albums
Mercury(I) sulfate, commonly called mercurous sulphate (UK) or mercurous sulfate (US) is the chemical compound Hg2SO4. Mercury(I) sulfate is a metallic compound that is a white, pale yellow or beige powder. It is a metallic salt of sulfuric acid formed by replacing both hydrogen atoms with mercury(I). It is highly toxic; it could be fatal if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed by skin.

Structure

In the crystal, mercurous sulfate is made up of Hg22+ center with an Hg-Hg distance of about 2.50 Å.   The SO42− anions form both long and short Hg-O bonds ranging from 2.23 to 2.93 Å.

Focusing on the shorter Hg-O bonds, the Hg – Hg – O bond angle is 165°±1°.

Preparation
One way to prepare mercury(I) sulfate is to mix the acidic solution of mercury(I) nitrate with 1 to 6 sulfuric acid solution:,

Hg2(NO3)2 + H2SO4 → Hg2SO4 + 2 HNO3

It can also be prepared by reacting an excess of mercury with concentrated sulfuric acid:

2 Hg + 2 H2SO4 → Hg2SO4 + 2 H2O + SO2

Use in electrochemical cells
Mercury(I) sulfate is often used in electrochemical cells. It was first introduced in electrochemical cells by Latimer Clark in 1872, It was then alternatively used in Weston cells made by George Augustus Hulett in 1911. It has been found to be a good electrode at high temperatures above 100 °C along with silver sulfate.

Mercury(I) sulfate has been found to decompose at high temperatures. The decomposition process is endothermic, and it occurs between 335 °C and 500 °C.

Mercury(I) sulfate has unique properties that make the standard cells possible. It has a rather low solubility (about one gram per liter); diffusion from the cathode system is not excessive; and it is sufficient to give a large potential at a mercury electrode.

References

Sulfates
Mercury(I) compounds
The 1922 Nevada gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1922. Democratic nominee James G. Scrugham defeated Republican nominee John H. Miller with 53.88% of the vote.

Primary elections
Primary elections were held on September 5, 1922.

Democratic primary

Candidates
James G. Scrugham, Nevada Public Service Commissioner
James T. Boyd

Results

Republican primary

Candidates
John H. Miller
James Gault

Results

General election

Candidates
James G. Scrugham, Democratic
John H. Miller, Republican

Results

References

1922
Nevada
Gubernatorial
United States gubernatorial elections in the 1920s
November 1922 events
1922 elections
1922 elections in North America
1922 elections in the United States
1922 in Nevada
John Coatta (April 5, 1929 – December 26, 2000) was an American football player and coach.  He served as the head coach at the Wisconsin Badgers from 1967 to 1969 and at Mankato State College, now Minnesota State University, Mankato, from 1970 to 1975, compiling a career college football record of 38–50–3.  Coatta played quarterback at Wisconsin from 1949 to 1951 and in 1950, he set the Big Ten Conference season pass completion percentage record (64.2%), a mark that he held until 1977.

Coaching career
In 1959, Coatta left private business in Madison, Wisconsin to accept an assistant football coaching job at Florida State University under Perry Moss and subsequently Bill Peterson.  From 1959 to 1964, he coached a number of positions at the school.  He then returned to Wisconsin as an assistant coach under Milt Bruhn for two seasons after which he was promoted to head coach.

During his head coaching tenure at Wisconsin, Coatta compiled a 3–26–1 (.117) record.  He set an NCAA record for most consecutive games without a win to begin a career with 23.  Coatta did not win a game in his first two seasons. His three wins came in 1969 against Iowa, 23–17, Indiana, 36–34, and Illinois, 53–14.  Allegedly, the Badgers passed on future Michigan head coach Bo Schembechler when they hired Coatta.  Schembechler was the head coach at Miami University at the time.

After Minnesota State temporarily dropped football after the 1975 season, Coatta joined the staff of Cal Stoll at the University of Minnesota as offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach from 1977 to 1978.  He later scouted for the National Football League's Dallas Cowboys and Seattle Seahawks.

Head coaching record

References

1929 births
2000 deaths
American football quarterbacks
Dallas Cowboys scouts
Florida State Seminoles football coaches
Minnesota Golden Gophers football coaches
Minnesota State Mavericks football coaches
Seattle Seahawks scouts
Wisconsin Badgers football coaches
Wisconsin Badgers football players
Sportspeople from Dearborn, Michigan
Players of American football from Wayne County, Michigan