Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Stevens v. Gladding, 58 U.S. 447 (1854), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held the copyright of a work is not attached to the physical copperplate used to print the work, so purchasing the copperplate does not purchase the copyright.

It also applied a principle from English law that courts of equity could not award penalties and concluded that copyright infringement damages categorically could not be awarded by equity, as distinguished from legal actions under common law. This meant that copyright holders would be required to file separate lawsuits for injunctions against the continued printing of works created by them (equity) and for requesting retroactive payment from infringers (law). That procedural requirement remained in place until the federal courts merged the law and equity dockets in 1938.

This case is closely related to Stephens v. Cady.

References

External links
 
 

1854 in United States case law
United States copyright case law
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Taney Court
Roman Szporluk (, Schporlyuk; born 8 September 1933) is a Ukrainian-American political scientist and historian. He is a professor emeritus at Harvard and the University of Michigan. He has written several books and many papers. He is the father of poet Larissa Szporluk and novelist Ben Vendetta.

Biography 
Szporluk was born in Grzymałów (Kopychyntsi county, Tarnopol voivodeship in Poland, now Hrymailiv in the Ternopil region, Ukraine) and studied in Lublin after World War II at Maria Curie-Skłodowska University graduating in 1955. He did post-graduate work for three years and then headed west in 1958 studying political thought at Oxford University in 1961 under Sir Isaiah Berlin and John Plamenatz and at Stanford. 

From 1965 until 1991, he worked at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor as a professor of history. There he also was a Director of the Center for Russian and Eastern European Studies at the University of Michigan.

He was then a professor of history at Harvard University including as director of the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute from 1991 until 2004.

Membership 
Szporluk was one of Fiona Hill's PhD advisors.

Member of the Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences in the United States.

Member of the Board of the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies (1976–1979).

Member of the Polish Society of Sciences and Arts in New York and other scientific societies.

Foreign Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

Professor Emeritus of the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy.

Member of the Shevchenko Scientific Society.

Academic work 
Szporluk's expertise is in Ukrainian history, Polish-Ukrainian relations, Marxism, and nationalism in Central and Eastern Europe.

He is the compiler and editor of the selected articles by M. Pokrovsky ("Russian in World History", 1970) and the combined work "The Influence of Eastern Europe and the Soviet West on the USSR" (1975).

Selected published works
 The Political Thought of T.G. Masaryk 
 Communism and Nationalism: Karl Marx versus Friedrich List 
 Russia, Ukraine, and the Breakup of the Soviet Union
 U poshukakh maibutnioho chasu ("In Search of Future Time" (in Ukrainian, 2010)

References

Further research
Szporluk delivering the August Zaleski lecture on Modern Ukrainian History 1795–1991 in 2012

1933 births
Living people
People from Ternopil Oblast
People from Tarnopol Voivodeship
Polish emigrants to the United States
University of Michigan faculty
Harvard University faculty
Harvard University Department of History faculty
Members of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Mary E. (Coyne) Fantasia (October 1, 1919 – March 5, 2020) was an American politician from the state of Massachusetts.

Political career
She served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1971 to 1978, representing the 4th Middlesex district from 1971 to 1974 and the 8th Middlesex district from 1975 to 1978. She lost renomination in 1978. She served as a Democratic Presidential Elector in 1960, 1964 and 1976. She was a Democratic National Committeewoman for 10 years and served as the Vice Chairwoman of the Massachusetts Democratic State Committee.

Electoral history
1990 Massachusetts 30th Middlesex District State Representative Democratic Primary

1978 Massachusetts 31st Middlesex District State Representative Democratic Primary

1976 Massachusetts 8th Middlesex District State Representative General Election

1974 Massachusetts 8th Middlesex District State Representative General Election

1972 Massachusetts 4th Middlesex District State Representative General Election

1970 Massachusetts 4th Middlesex District State Representative General Election

1970 Massachusetts 4th Middlesex District State Representative Democratic Primary

References

1919 births
2020 deaths
Members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
1960 United States presidential electors
1964 United States presidential electors
1976 United States presidential electors
American centenarians
Women centenarians
Donald Lee Beggs was the President of Wichita State University from 1999 until 2012 when he was replaced by John W. Bardo. He was chair of the Kansas Board of Regents Council of University Presidents for the 2002-03 academic year.

At Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Beggs received his bachelor's and master's degrees. He earned his doctorate in educational measurement and statistics from the University of Iowa in 1966. After completing his Ph.D., he returned to SIUC and joined the Department of Guidance and Educational Psychology. He served in numerous administrative positions during his 32-year tenure at Southern Illinois University, including Dean of the College of Education, Vice President for Academic Affairs, and President, retiring in 1998 as Chancellor of SIU system.

He is the senior author of a nationally standardized test and the author of several books and numerous academic articles. He was selected to serve on the Executive Committee of the National Collegiate Athletic Association and the NCAA Division I Board of Directors beginning in 2001.

External links
 Wichita State University

American statisticians
Educational psychologists
Southern Illinois University alumni
Presidents of Wichita State University
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Feigenspan is a surname of German origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Christian William Feigenspan (1876–1939), American businessman
Eckehard Feigenspan (born 1935), German footballer
Mike Feigenspan (born 1995), German footballer

German-language surnames
Charles Howell may refer to:

 Charles Howell (British politician) (1905–1974), British Labour Party politician
 Charles Augustus Howell (1840–1890), art dealer and alleged blackmailer
 Charles Henry Howell (1824–1905), architect of lunatic asylums in England
 Charles R. Howell (1904–1973), American Democratic Party politician
 Charles Howell III (born 1979), American golfer
 Charles Andrew Howell III (born 1930), American businessman and politician
 Charles Gough Howell (1894–1942), Welsh lawyer and British colonial official
 Charlie Howell (1874–1934), Australian rules footballer
Macedonia is a village in Franklin and Hamilton counties, Illinois, United States. The population was 30 at the 2020 census.

The Hamilton County portion of Macedonia is part of the Mount Vernon Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
The village was named after the kingdom of Macedonia.

Geography
Macedonia is located at . It is  northeast of Benton, the Franklin County seat, and  west of McLeansboro, the Hamilton County seat.

According to the 2010 census, Macedonia has a total area of , of which  (or 98.18%) is land and  (or 1.82%) is water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 51 people, 17 households, and 14 families residing in the village. The population density was . There were 24 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the village was 100.00% White.

There were 17 households, out of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.6% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 11.8% were non-families. 11.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.00 and the average family size was 3.27.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 31.4% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 21.6% from 25 to 44, 31.4% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 155.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 118.8 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $24,375, and the median income for a family was $60,000. Males had a median income of $22,500 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the village was $11,465. There were 7.1% of families and 23.6% of the population living below the poverty line, including 43.8% of under eighteens and 100.0% of those over 64.

References

 

Villages in Hamilton County, Illinois
Villages in Franklin County, Illinois
Villages in Illinois
Mount Vernon, Illinois micropolitan area
Populated places in Southern Illinois
Rod Smallwood may refer to:
 Rod Smallwood (medical engineer) (born 1945), British medical engineer
 Rod Smallwood (born 1950), English music manager
Sub Sub were an English dance act from Handforth, Cheshire composed of Jimi Goodwin and twin brothers Andy and Jez Williams.

The threesome met at school in 1985 and became regulars at The Haçienda while composing their own material together. They had an underground 12" single ("Space Face" in 1991) and moderate commercial success in the early 1990s on Rob Gretton's label Rob's Records, including the single "Ain't No Love (Ain't No Use)" (featuring guest vocalist Melanie Williams) which reached No. 3 on the UK Singles Chart. The trio's only album, Full Fathom Five, was released in September 1994.

After a fire destroyed their recording studio on Blossom Street in the Ancoats area of Manchester on the Williams twins' birthday in 1996, they started anew as the more indie-oriented act Doves in 1998. An unreleased collection of tracks meant to be featured on the band's second album was issued in 1998 as Delta Tapes.

Discography

Albums
Full Fathom Five (Rob's Records, ROB 30; September 1994)
 "Coast"
 "Angel" (featuring Nina Henchion)
 "Valium Jazz"
 "Southern Trees" (featuring Gill Jackson)
 "Inside of This"
 "Ain't No Love (Ain't No Use)" (featuring Melanie Williams)
 "Flute Track"
 "Swamp"
 "Respect" (featuring Nina Henchion)
 "Past"

Delta Tapes (compilation album; Cortex Records, February 1998)
 "Crunch"
 "This Time I'm Not Wrong" (featuring Bernard Sumner)
 "Lost in Watts"
 "Jaggernath"
 "Firesuite"
 "Smoking Beagles" (featuring Tricky)
 "Clear Blue Water"
 "Heads Will Roll"
 "Past"

Singles and EPs
 "Space Face" (January 1991), Ten Records
 "Space Face" (Todd Terry Remixes) (January 1991), Ten Records
 Coast EP (June 1992), Rob's Records
 "Ain't No Love (Ain't No Use)" (March 1993), Rob's Records
 "Ain't No Love (Ain't No Use)" (On Remixes) (March 1993), Rob's Records
 "Respect" (February 1994), Rob's Records
 "Angel" (August 1994), Rob's Records
 "Southern Trees" (January 1995), Rob's Records
 "Smoking Beagles" (December 1996), Rob's Records
 "This Time I'm Not Wrong" (August 1997), Rob's Records

Chart positions

References

External links
 Complete Sub Sub discography at Discogs.com
 Accurate and up to date info finding Sub Sub's "Delta Tapes" on CD

English dance music groups
English house music groups
Musical groups from Cheshire
Musical groups from Manchester
Madchester groups
Alternative dance musical groups
British musical trios
The Riiser-Larsen Peninsula () is a large peninsula which forms the western portal to Lützow-Holm Bay and marks the separation of the Princess Ragnhild and Prince Harald Coasts. It was named after Captain Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen who discovered the peninsula in a flight from the Norvegia on 21 February 21 1931.

Important Bird Area
A 1.75 square mile site on fast ice that forms in north-western Lützow-Holm Bay close to the  peninsula has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports a breeding colony of about 4,600 emperor penguins, estimated from 2009 satellite imagery.

References

External links 

 
Important Bird Areas of Antarctica
Penguin colonies
Peninsulas of Antarctica
HMNZS Wellington (P55) is a  in the Royal New Zealand Navy.

History
The ship was built by Tenix as part of the New Zealand government's Royal New Zealand Navy plans, and was originally expected to enter service during the winter of 2008. However, in late 2008, it became known that the vessel was considered "non-compliant", and did not fulfill a number of specifications, such as being 100 tonnes over its design weight, resulting in revisions to its operating conditions during Antarctic duties. The future crew that was already stationed with the vessel was sent back to New Zealand after the ship returned to Melbourne, until the dispute with the contractor was resolved.

Wellington was accepted into the Royal New Zealand Navy on 6 May 2010 and arrived at the Devonport (Auckland) Naval Base the following month. The ship was also involved in the search for the crewmembers of the  yacht Berserk in 2012, but had to turn back due to the weather which the captain called the worst storm he had ever seen in 19 years. During that mission the ship lost three 50-person life rafts of which one was discovered by the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society vessel .

On 14 January 2015 Wellington intercepted three fishing vessels, Songhua Kunlun and YongDing, which were allegedly fishing illegally in Antarctic waters. The fishing vessels refused to be boarded and poor weather and sea conditions prevented Wellington from forcing the issue.

Wellington was involved in seabed surveys off Kaikōura after the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake.

The ship is named in honour of , a  frigate serving in the Royal New Zealand Navy from 1982 until 1999.

On 19 July 2021 HMNZS Wellington delivered 120 vials of the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine to Tokelau's Nukunonu atoll, which is sufficient to vaccinate 720 people.

In response to the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai eruption and tsunami, Wellington and HMNZS Aotearoa were deployed to provide water supplies, survey teams, and helicopter support.

Upgrades 
Both  and HMNZS Wellington have recently gone through minor upgrades, including sensors and weapons, and replacing the 25 mm Bushmaster with the Rafael Typhoon 25 mm stabilised naval gun.

See also
 Patrol boats of the Royal New Zealand Navy

References

External links

 Official website
 

Protector-class offshore patrol vessels
2010 ships
Black Music (Black Music & Jazz Review from April 1978) was a pioneering British music magazine, published monthly.  The first issue, edited by Alan Lewis, came out in December 1973 and the last in April 1984. It was the first  publication in the United Kingdom to write about reggae as a serious cultural phenomenon and also the first to cover African music.

Under the 1978–1984 editorship of Chris May, who succeeded, in chronological order, Alan Lewis, Tony Cummings and Geoff Brown, the magazine  championed hip hop, rap, Two Tone, avant-garde jazz and electro music in the face of hostility from British black music's, at the time, socially reactionary and still mostly white-controlled power structure, and published writing by black creatives  whose work had an explicitly political dimension (notably including Linton Kwesi Johnson, Archie Shepp, Fela Kuti, Miriam Makeba, Michael Thelwell, Gil Scott Heron, Thomas Mapfumo and Hugh Masekela).  Under May's editorship, the magazine also maintained extensive coverage of African music, which May had introduced as a freelance contributor in the mid 1970s with his Afroheat column.

In April 1984, Chris May left the magazine to head up the UK office of Celluloid Records. Following his departure, the title Black Music & Jazz Review (though not the editorial perspective) was absorbed by sister magazine Blues & Soul and ceased to exist other than as a small-print add-on to the BS masthead.

References

External links
Black Music incomplete article list.
Carl Gayle talking about Reggae on the London Weekend Show, 1977. YouTube video
Interview with Carl Gayle reggae-vibes.com
"Oh, What A Rat Race by Carl Gayle (Black Music, 1976)" at Midnight Raver, 29 June 2014
"Wailers and the New Reggae by Carl Gayle (MOJO, July 1973)", Midnight Raver, 23 December 2012
"The Reggae Underground". Six-page report by Carl Gayle from Black Music, July 1974, Vol. 1, No. 8.

Avant-garde magazines
Defunct magazines published in the United Kingdom
Hip hop magazines
Jazz magazines
Magazines established in 1973
Magazines disestablished in 1984
Monthly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Music magazines published in the United Kingdom
Works about reggae
Works about soul
Glycol stearate (glycol monostearate or ethylene glycol monostearate) is an organic compound with the molecular formula C20H40O3.  It is the ester of stearic acid and ethylene glycol.  It is used as an ingredient in many types of personal care products and cosmetics including shampoos, hair conditioners, and skin lotions.

See also
 Glycol distearate

References

Stearate esters
Fatty acid esters
Glycol esters
Tina Gray (1885 – 26 June 1985) was a medical pioneer and the sister of 'Glasgow Girl' Norah Neilson Gray.

Family life 

Tina Gray was born in Helensburgh, one of the seven children of Norah Neilson and George Gray, a ship owner in Glasgow. During Gray's childhood the family enjoyed some affluence however, the shipping industry suffered badly following World War I and the family's wealth declined as a result. Gray was homeschooled, and went on to study drawing and painting at the Glasgow School of Art from 1901–1903. Her sister, the 'Glasgow Girl' Norah Neilson Gray, also studied at the Glasgow School of Art and was international recognised until her death in 1931.

Career 

Gray, like her sister, volunteered during World War I. While Gray's sister volunteered with the suffragist-affiliated Scottish Women's Hospitals, Gray volunteered as a nurse with the British Red Cross. She was based at the 25th stationary hospital in Rouen, a British military hospital for infectious diseases, where she was awarded of one scarlet stripe.

In 1925, Gray graduated from the University of Glasgow aged 41 with a medical degree and eventually became the assistant surgeon at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary. She was one of only two female senior surgeons in Scotland at that time.

During World War II, Gray was appointed as a surgeon at Dunfermline and Stonehouse hospitals. Gray retired from Glasgow Royal Infirmary in 1946, and remained at Stonehouse until late 1947.

Personal life
Gray was a member of the Glasgow and West of Scotland Lady Artists' Society (elected 1939). She died aged 100 in 1985.

References

1885 births
1985 deaths
People from Helensburgh
20th-century Scottish women artists
20th-century surgeons
Glasgow School
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Alumni of the Glasgow School of Art
Scottish surgeons
Scottish centenarians
Scottish women medical doctors
Women centenarians
Magne Thormodsæter (born 8 July 1973 in Bergen, Norway) is a Norwegian jazz musician (upright bass) and composer, known from a dozen releases and cooperations with the likes of Terje Rypdal, Ståle Storløkken, Paolo Vinaccia, Karin Krog and John Surman.

Career 
Thormodsæter was educated on the Jazz program at Trondheim Musikkonservatorium, and is now associate Professor at Griegakademiet, Department of Music, University of Bergen. He has his own M.T. Trio, and also plays within bands like "Bungalow", Knut Kristiansen Trio, Lena Skjerdal Trio, Qvales Ensemble, The Wedding and Zumo.

Honors 
Vossajazzprisen 2004

Discography 

Within Bergen Big Band
 2003: Adventures in European New Jazz and Improvised Music (Europe Jazz Oddysey), with Mathias Rüegg "Art & Fun" on compilation with various artists
 2005: Seagull (Grappa), feat. Karin Krog conducted by John Surman recorded at the Nattjazz Festival, Bergen 2004
 2007: Meditations on Coltrane (Grappa), with The Core
 2008: Som den gyldne sol frembryter (Grappa)
 2010: Crime Scene (ECM), with Terje Rypdal recorded at the Nattjazz Festival, Bergen 2009

Collaborations
 2000: City Dust (Curling Legs), with Helén Eriksen
 2003: Adventures in European New Jazz and Improvised Music (Europe Jazz Odyssey), with various artists
 2004: Grønn (Kirkelig Kulturverksted), with Qvales Ensemble
 2005: Siste Stikk (MajorStudio), with Vamp
 2005: Join Me in the Park (EMI, Norway), with Nathalie Nordnes
 2005: Inventio (Jazzaway), within Svein Olav Herstad Trio including Håkon Mjåset Johansen
 2008: The Good or Better Side of Things (Kirkelig Kulturverksted), with "Garness»
 2012: Jeg Har Vel Ingen Kjærere (Plush Badger Music), with Anne Gravir Klykken

References

External links 
The Moment of Truth ~ Eivind Austad Trio ~ Bergen Jazzforum on YouTube

1973 births
Living people
Norwegian University of Science and Technology alumni
Norwegian jazz upright-bassists
Male double-bassists
Jazz double-bassists
Norwegian jazz composers
Musicians from Bergen
ECM Records artists
21st-century double-bassists
21st-century Norwegian male musicians
Bergen Big Band members
Adolphus Lewis Heermann (October 21, 1821 – September 27, 1865) was an American doctor, naturalist, ornithologist, and explorer. He travelled throughout the U.S. collecting samples and cataloging various species of birds, fish, reptiles, and plants. He participated in the fifth Pacific Railroad Survey as the surgeon and naturalist of a group led by Lt. Robert S. Williamson and reported on the various birds along the route.

Heermann was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, the oldest son of Lewis (Surgeon in the Navy, August 3, 1779 - May 1833) and Eliza. After the death of his father, his mother moved to Baltimore and then took them to Europe around 1836. After their education in Europe, Adolphus and his brother Theodore came back to New York in 1842. 

From 1862 he was suffering from locomotor ataxia, a symptom of syphilis and when Henry Dresser visited San Antonio in 1863, he was able to meet Heermann and the two went riding together on collecting trips. Heermann's legs had to be strapped into the saddle of his horse so that he would not fall off. Theodore wrote to Dresser about the death of Adolphus stating that he had gone out collecting alone, when his gun accidentally went off killing him.

Discoveries and namesakes
Heermann collected specimens of birds, animals, and plants in the western United States during his expeditions and sent them to specialists, mainly at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Several new taxa from his collections were named after him:

Heermann's gull (Larus heermanni)
Heermann's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys heermanni)
Heermann’s song sparrow (Melospiza melodia heermani)
Heermann's tarweed (Holocarpha heermannii)

References

1821 births
1865 deaths
American naturalists
American ornithologists