Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Antibiosis is a biological interaction between two or more organisms that is detrimental to at least one of them; it can also be an antagonistic association between an organism and the metabolic substances produced by another. Examples of antibiosis include the relationship between antibiotics and bacteria or animals and disease-causing pathogens. The study of antibiosis and its role in antibiotics has led to the expansion of knowledge in the field of microbiology. Molecular processes such cell wall synthesis and recycling, for example, have become better understood through the study of how antibiotics affect beta-lactam development through the antibiosis relationship and interaction of the particular drugs with the bacteria subjected to the compound.

Antibiosis is typically studied in host plant populations and extends to the insects which feed upon them.

"Antibiosis resistance affects the biology of the insect so pest abundance and subsequent damage is reduced compared to that which would have occurred if the insect was on a susceptible crop variety. Antibiosis resistance often results in increased mortality or reduced longevity and reproduction of the insect."

During a study of antibiosis, it was determine that the means to achieving effective antibiosis is remaining still. "When you give antibiotic-producing bacteria a structured medium, they affix to substrate, grow clonally, and produce a “no mans land,” absent competitors, where the antibiotics diffuse outward." Antibiosis is most effective when resources are neither plentiful nor sparse. Antibiosis should be considered as the median on the scale of resource, due to its ideal performance.

See also 
 Antibiotic
 Biological pest control
 Biotechnology
 Symbiosis

References

Further reading

External links 

Biological interactions
Antibiotics

pt:Relação ecológica#Amensalismo ou antibiose
Owen Fleming (1867-1955) was an architect based in London. He is noted for being the principal architect for London County Council (LCC), leading the New Housing of the Working Classes Department within the LCC between 1889 and 1900. He was the lead architect with Charles Winmill of 16 Basil Street, a purpose built fire station in Knightsbridge.

Fleming was also responsible for over seeing the Boundary Gardens Scheme, which set a precedent for future council estates. They designed decorative flats that were not simply regimented, with varying size of windows, small doors and roofs with attractive gables. "The Eastender deserves better that that", wrote Fleming referring to the average build in Shoreditch.

References

1867 births
1955 deaths
19th-century English architects
Architects from London
Camp Varnum is a Rhode Island Army National Guard training facility in the Boston Neck area of Narragansett, Rhode Island. During World War II it was Fort Varnum, a coastal defense fort.

History

Fort Varnum was built as part of a general modernization of US coast defenses begun in 1940 with the outbreak of war in Europe and the Fall of France. The fort is named for General James Mitchell Varnum of the Revolutionary War. It was built to relocate previously-emplaced weapons to a more useful location nearer the entrance to Narragansett Bay. The fort was sited to reinforce new 6-inch gun batteries at Fort Greene in Point Judith and Fort Burnside in Jamestown. 

The fort was intended to protect the West Passage of Narragansett Bay as part of the Harbor Defenses of Narragansett Bay. Fort Varnum's main armament was Battery House, two 6-inch M1900 guns on pedestal mounts, completed in 1942. The battery was a relocation of Battery House at Fort Getty in Jamestown. Two 3-inch M1903 guns on pedestal mounts were planned for Battery Armistead, relocated from Fort Kearny, now the University of Rhode Island Narragansett Bay Campus. However, these guns arrived in unusable condition, and Fort Varnum's commander asked that they be scrapped. They were stored instead and were never mounted. Better light weapons were provided in 1943 as Anti-Motor Torpedo Boat Battery (AMTB) 921, with four 90 mm guns, two on fixed mounts and two on towed mounts.

Several fire control stations were built in Narragansett disguised as beach cottages; these may date from the start of the Endicott Program circa 1900.  Most have been destroyed; some survive at Camp Varnum. In 1947, with the war over, Fort Varnum's guns were scrapped along with almost all other US coast artillery weapons.

Present
Camp Varnum is a Rhode Island Army National Guard training facility, the home of the 243rd Regiment (Regional Training Institute).

See also
 Seacoast defense in the United States
 United States Army Coast Artillery Corps

References

External links
 List of all US coastal forts and batteries at the Coast Defense Study Group, Inc. website
 FortWiki, lists all CONUS and Canadian forts

Installations of the United States Army National Guard
Varnum
Military installations in Rhode Island
Buildings and structures in Narragansett, Rhode Island
Takele Nigate (born 2 October 1999) is an Ethiopian track and field athlete who specializes in the 3000 metres steeplechase. In 2019, he competed in the men's 3000 metres steeplechase at the 2019 World Athletics Championships held in Doha, Qatar. He did not qualify to compete in the final.

In 2017, he won the men's 3000 metres steeplechase at the 2017 African U20 Championships in Athletics held in Tlemcen, Algeria.

In 2018, he won the men's 3000 metres steeplechase at the 2018 IAAF World U20 Championships held in Tampere, Finland.

In 2019, he represented Ethiopia at the 2019 African Games held in Rabat, Morocco. He competed in the men's 3000 metres steeplechase and he finished in 4th place.

References

External links 
 

Living people
1999 births
Place of birth missing (living people)
Ethiopian male cross country runners
Ethiopian male steeplechase runners
World Athletics Championships athletes for Ethiopia
Athletes (track and field) at the 2019 African Games
African Games competitors for Ethiopia
Kim Ŭnbu (; ?–1017) was a Korean official who served the Goryeo dynasty and was a powerful in-law of King Hyeonjong. As the patriarch of the Ansan Kim clan, Kim forged familiar relationships with the ruling House of Wang as well as the Gyeongwon Yi clan.

Biography
Kim Unbu was from Ansan, and was the son of Kim Kŭngpil. Kim was married to Lady Yi, the daughter of Yi Ho-gyom, the progenitor of the Gyeongwon Yi clan. Kim served as the military governor () of Gongju. In 1011, while King Hyeonjong was fleeing the Khitan invaders, he visited Gongju and was courteously received by Kim. In return for the favour, the king took Kim's three daughters as his consorts, making Kim an influential and powerful royal in-law. In 1015, he was promoted to jijung chusa (). The year after, he was promoted to the Vice Minister of Revenue (). In 1017, he passed away.

References

Year of birth unknown
1017 deaths
11th-century Korean people
Ansan Kim clan
People from Ansan
The San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actress is an award given by the San Diego Film Critics Society to honor supporting female acting achievements in film-making.

Winners

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

References
 San Diego Film Critics Society - Awards

Film awards for supporting actress
Eutrombicula splendens is a species of chigger. In Florida, it has been found on the marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) and hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus).

See also
List of parasites of the marsh rice rat

References

Literature cited
Worth, C.B. 1950. Observations on ectoparasites of some small mammals in Everglades National Park and Hillsborough County, Florida (subscription required). The Journal of Parasitology 36(4):326–335.

Trombiculidae
Parasites of rodents
Endemic fauna of Florida
Animals described in 1913
Félicien Tshamalenga Kabundi (born 15 May 1980) is a football defender from Congo DR. He currently plays for TP Mazembe in DR Congo.

External links

Democratic Republic of the Congo men's footballers
Living people
1980 births
TP Mazembe players
Men's association football defenders
Democratic Republic of the Congo men's international footballers
Cherskii's thicklip gudgeon (Sarcocheilichthys czerskii) is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to the Amur River basin.

Named in honor of ornithologist Alexander Ivanovich Czerski (1879-1921, son of Jan Czerski [1845-1892], celebrated Polish geologist, naturalist and explorer), who collected the type specimen.

References

Sarcocheilichthys
Taxa named by Lev Berg
Fish described in 1914
Suzanne Lang is an American author of children's books and a television producer. She frequently partners with illustrator Max Lang, her husband.

Her book Grumpy Monkey, published in 2018, debuted at #8 on The New York Times bestseller list, reaching #1. The book spent 25 weeks on the list. Grumpy Monkey Party Time followed in 2019.

Selected works

Grumpy Monkey

References

External links 
 

Living people
American children's writers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Claudine Rosalie Gras (1 January 1877 – 1 January 1936), professionally known as Rose Dione, was a French-American actress who appeared in numerous silent era and pre-code films.  
 
She appeared in more than 60 films between 1910 and 1932. She was born in Dardilly, Rhône in France, and died in Los Angeles, California. She was probably best known for her final role as Madame Tetrallini in the film Freaks (1932).

Partial filmography

 The Corsican Brothers (1917)
 The World and Its Woman (1919)
 It Happened in Paris (1919)
 Suds (1920)
 The Woman and the Puppet (1920)
 Silk Hosiery (1920)
 The Land of Jazz (1920)
 The Great Lover (1920)
 The Luck of the Irish (1920)
 The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (1921)
 Cheated Love (1921)
 Silent Years (1921)
 Little Lord Fauntleroy (1921)
 Be My Wife (1921)
 A Parisian Scandal (1921)
 Under Two Flags (1922)
 Omar the Tentmaker (1922)
 Drifting (1923)
 Trilby (1923)
 Salomé (1923)
 The French Doll (1923)
 Shadows of Paris (1924)
 Try and Get It (1924)
 Beau Brummel (1924)
 The Iron Man (1924)
 The Rose of Paris (1924)
 The Lover of Camille (1924)
 Inez from Hollywood (1924)
 One Year to Live (1925)
 Fifth Avenue Models (1925)
 The Girl from Montmartre (1926)
 Madamoiselle Modiste (1926)
 Paris (1926)
 The Duchess of Buffalo (1926)
 Fools of Fashion (1926)
 Polly of the Movies (1927)
 When a Man Loves (1927)
 The Beloved Rogue (1927)
 Ragtime (1927)
 Mad Hour (1928)
 Bringing Up Father (1928)
 Out of the Ruins (1928)
 West of Zanzibar (1928 - unbilled)
 Hearts in Exile (1929)
 Women Everywhere (1930)
 On Your Back (1930)
 Her Wedding Night (1930)
 Salvation Nell (1931)
 The King Murder (1932)
 Freaks (1932)

External links

1877 births
1936 deaths
Actresses from Paris
French film actresses
French silent film actresses
20th-century French actresses
French emigrants to the United States
Under the Constitution of Canada, the responsibility for enacting and enforcing labour laws, including the minimum wage, rests primarily with the ten Provinces of Canada. The three Territories of Canada have a similar power, delegated to them by federal legislation. Some provinces allow lower wages to be paid to liquor servers and other gratuity earners or to inexperienced employees.

The Government of Canada has the constitutional authority to set minimum wages only for employees within federal jurisdiction, such as federal public servants and workers in industries that are under federal regulatory jurisdiction, such as banks, airlines and interprovincial railways. The federal government earlier set its own minimum wage rates for workers under its jurisdiction. In 1996, however, the federal minimum wage was re-defined to be the general adult minimum wage rate of the province or territory where the work is performed. Following the 2021 budget, the Government of Canada reestablished a federal minimum wage for federally regulated industries on December 29, 2021.

Demographics

In 2013, 50% of minimum wage workers were between the ages of 15 and 19; in 1997, it was 36%. 50.2% of workers in this age group were paid minimum wage in 2013, an increase from 31.5% in 1997. Statistics Canada notes that "youth, women and persons with a low level of education were the groups most likely to be paid at minimum wage."

According to one study, in 2019, 62% of people on minimum wage in Quebec worked part time, and 61% were aged 15 to 24.

Minimum wage levels by jurisdiction 

Assuming a 40-hour workweek and 52 paid weeks per year, the annual gross employment income of an individual earning the minimum wage in Canada is between C$27,040 (in Saskatchewan) and C$34,881.60 (in Yukon).

The following table lists the hourly minimum wages for adult workers in each province and territory of Canada. The provinces which have their minimum wages in bold allow for lower wages under circumstances which are described under the "Comments" heading.

Note: The following table can be sorted by Jurisdiction, Wage, or Effective date using the  icon.

See also 
 Minimum wage
 List of minimum wages by country

References

External links

Canada law-related lists
Minimum wage
Canada
Canadian labour law
Shaoyaoju Station () is a station on Line 10 and Line 13 of the Beijing Subway.

Station layout 
The line 10 station has an underground island platform. The line 13 station has 2 ground-level side platforms.

Exits 
There are 5 exits, lettered A, B, E, F, and G. Exits B and E are accessible.

Gallery

External links

Beijing Subway stations in Chaoyang District
Railway stations in China opened in 2003
Railway stations in China opened in 2008
The Nassau Boulevard Airfield, or the Nassau Boulevard Aerodrome, was a short-lived airfield located at Garden City, Long Island, New York, in operation from 1910 to 1913.

History
Due to the restricted space available at nearby Mineola Airport, a new 350-acre flying facility was created in Garden City, New York, in 1910. It was considered one of the finest flying facilities of its era, with 31 wooden hangars, 5 grandstands, workshops, a refreshment stand, and a headquarters. "Nassau Blvd. Airfield was large, stretching from Stratford to the Long Island Rail Road’s Main Line and from Roxbury to Clinch. It had 30 hangars, a 3,000 person grandstand and other facilities. It was surrounded by a 15-foot tall board fence." In September 1911, the Aero Club of America sponsored the Second International Aero Meet at the facility. The first airmail flight in America originated here when pilot Earle L. Ovington flew to  Mineola on September 23, 1911, carrying 640 letters and 1,280 postcards.

Following the meet, producer William J. Humphrey filmed the first aviation film, The Military Air-Scout, at the aerodrome, with Army Signal Corps flier Lt. Henry Arnold as the stunt pilot.

By 1913, however, the facility was seen as too small, and the land too valuable, so it was closed and all flying operations moved to the Hempstead Plains Aerodrome.

"Stratford School sits epicenter on what was that airfield."

References

Defunct airports in New York (state)
Airports in Nassau County, New York
Garden City, New York
Bathanalia straeleni is a species of tropical freshwater snail with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Paludomidae.

This species found in Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia. Its natural habitat is intermittent freshwater lakes.

References

Further reading 
 Strong E. E. & Glaubrecht M. (2010). "Anatomy of the Tiphobiini from Lake Tanganyika (Cerithioidea, Paludomidae)". Malacologia 52(1): 115-153. .

Paludomidae
Gastropods described in 1953
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
The 2020 United States Senate election in South Dakota was held on November 3, 2020, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of South Dakota, concurrently with the 2020 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the United States Senate, elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. Incumbent Republican Senator Mike Rounds was reelected to a second term in office, overperforming Donald Trump in the concurrent presidential election by 4.93 points.

Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee
Mike Rounds, incumbent U.S. Senator

Eliminated in primary
Scyller Borglum, state representative

Results

Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominee 
Daniel Ahlers, former state representative and former state senator

Did not qualify
Clara Hart, board member of the Sioux Falls Arts Council

Declined
Erin Healy, state representative
Brendan Johnson, former United States Attorney for the District of South Dakota
Billie Sutton, former minority leader of the South Dakota Senate and nominee for Governor of South Dakota in 2018
Susan Wismer, state senator and Democratic nominee for Governor of South Dakota in 2014

Independents

Candidates

Withdrew
Clayton Walker, independent candidate in the 2014 United States Senate election in South Dakota and Democratic candidate in the 2010 South Dakota House of Representatives elections

General election

Predictions

Polling

Results 

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican
 Clay (largest municipality: Vermillion)
 Day (largest municipality: Webster)
 Marshall (largest municipality: Britton)
 Mellette (largest municipality: White River)
 Roberts (largest municipality: Sisseton)

Notes

References

External links
 
 
  (State affiliate of the U.S. League of Women Voters)
 

Official campaign websites
 Daniel Ahlers (D) for Senate
 Mike Rounds (R) for Senate
 Clayton Walker (I) for Senate 

2020
South Dakota
United States Senate
The Lebanese French University LFU  Lebanese French University (LFU) is a private university. It was licensed in September 2007 by the Kurdistan Regional Government - Erbil (decree 2342).
It operates on its 50,000 square meter Erbil campus, 100 meter street, near Mosul road, Nasr Roundabout.

The university is also having a complex for student accommodation.
LFU offers undergraduate degrees in Law, Business Administration, Accounting and Finance, Computer Engineering, Computer Networking, Information Technology, English Language, French Language, Legal Administration, General Education, Marketing, Diplomacy, International Relations, and Fine Arts. It also offers postgraduate degrees in Business Administration, Accounting and Finance, and Information Technology.
LFU is an associate member of the Association of Arab Universities Union (AAU).

See also 

 Private Universities in Iraq

References

 Universities in Kurdistan Region (Iraq)
 Buildings and structures in Erbil
 International schools in Iraq
 French international schools in Asia
 Private universities and colleges
Universities and colleges established in 2007
2007 establishments in Iraqi Kurdistan
Belgische Unie – Union Belge (Dutch and French for Belgian Union), known by the acronym BUB, is a small political party in Belgium. It describes itself as "The Centrist Party for a United Belgium". As one of the only political parties organised across the entire country, it wishes to abolish the federal system in Belgium and re-establish a unitary state based on the original nine provinces. The party is explicitly opposed to separatism and the partition of Belgium.

Ideology
The party promotes reconciliation between Belgium's language groups (the Dutch- and French-speaking communities), promoting multilingualism, and centralisation by one government and parliament. They propose the abolition of the three Belgian Regions and transfer their powers back to the federal state of Belgium and the provinces. They are the only party with this outlook, as all other Belgian parties except for the Workers Party of Belgium (PVDA/PTB), Left Socialist Party, and minor liberal grouping "Vivant" have, together with the creation of the federal states, been split on a language basis.

Representation
The BUB has no elected seats at any level and operates only on the margins of Belgian politics. The party got 10,000 votes in the 2003 federal elections and 13,000 votes in the 2004 regional elections. The votes were concentrated in the northern provinces, in the central constituencies of Brabant and Brussels and in 2003 also in the southern province of Namur. Though the party did not gain any seats in the 2006 communal elections, BUB did far better at the ballots, gaining up to 2% of the vote in some cities. In the federal elections of 10 June 2007, the pro-Belgian party also progressed everywhere it participated but again obtained no seats.

At the 2010 federal elections, the party formed a pro-Belgian cartel with CDF under the name BELG-UNIE and obtained a record result of 20.000 votes in 5 constituencies. Since 22 June 2011, the cartel consists of a third pro-Belgian party, the BAB.

The party is headed by a national president (Hans Van de Cauter) and is divided into 9 provincial sections, corresponding with the 9 provinces that existed before the split of the central province of Brabant in 1995.

The party is member of International Monarchist Conference.

References

External links 
Official web site: http://www.belgischeunie.be or http://www.unionbelge.be.

Political parties in Belgium
Belgian nationalism
Cladophorales are an order of green algae, in the class Ulvophyceae.

There is a plausible fossil example in the mid-Ordovician Winneshiek shale

References

External links 

 
Chlorophyta orders
Taxa named by Ernst Haeckel
Permanand Mohan is a senior Computer Science lecturer at the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago. He holds a Ph.D. in computer science from the University of the West Indies, an M.Sc. in Computer Science from the University of Saskatchewan and a B.Sc. in Computer Science from the University of the West Indies. He is the Chief Examiner for the Caribbean Examinations Council’s CAPE Examinations in Computer Science.

Biography 
Permanand Mohan was born on March 20, 1965, in Gran Couva, Trinidad and Tobago. In 1989 he received a Commonwealth Scholarship to study at the University of Saskatchewan. In 2003 he was a Fulbright Visiting Scholar to the School of Information Sciences at the University of Pittsburgh as well as Visiting Professor at the Laboratory for Advanced Research in Intelligent Educational Systems (ARIES) at the University of Saskatchewan in Canada.

Research 
His research interests lie in the field of artificial intelligence and education, and the use of learning objects in e-learning. 2006 marked his entry into the field of m-learning with a publication at The Fourth Pan-Commonwealth Forum

References 

Academic staff of the University of the West Indies
University of the West Indies alumni
Living people
University of Saskatchewan alumni
Trinidad and Tobago academics
Year of birth missing (living people)
The I.O.O.F. Hall in Woodbridge, California is a historic Odd Fellows hall and commercial block building that was built in 1861 and expanded in 1874 in Early Commercial architectural style.  It served historically as a clubhouse and as a business.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

It is a two-story brick rectangular block building.  Exterior detail on the building, believed to have been wooden, has been lost: an upper cornice, window heads, and a belt course between the two floors.  The date "1874" and the letters "I.O.O.F." remain.

It was built as a one-story brick building, the Lavinsky Store, in 1861, then expanded in 1874 to add a second story to accommodate the Odd Fellows' meeting hall.

References

Clubhouses on the National Register of Historic Places in California
Cultural infrastructure completed in 1861
Buildings and structures in San Joaquin County, California
Odd Fellows buildings in California
Buildings designated early commercial in the National Register of Historic Places
1861 establishments in California
National Register of Historic Places in San Joaquin County, California