Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The Torino Film Festival (also called the Turin Film Festival, TFF) is an international film festival held annually in Turin, Italy. Held every November, it is the second largest film festival in Italy, following the Venice Film Festival. It was founded in 1982 by film critic and professor Gianni Rondolino as Festival Internazionale Cinema Giovani or the Festival of Young Cinema. The festival's directors have included Alberto Barbera, Stefano della Casa, Giulia d'Agnolo, Roberto Turigliatto, Nanni Moretti, Gianni Amelio and Paolo Virzì.

History
Gianni Rondolino founded the Festival Internazionale Cinema Giovani in 1982 in Turin, a city that was in economic decline. The festival, attracting big names in Italian and international cinema, helped to re-energise the city both economically and culturally. The first directors were Rondolino and Ansano Gianarelli. In 1998, the festival's name changed to the Torino Film Festival. In 2007, film director Nanni Moretti was appointed as director of the festival, with a view to making it more prominent on an international level. Moretti left the post in 2008, after two festivals, to focus on his own filmmaking. He was succeeded by film director Gianni Amelio.

39th edition of the festival was held from 27 November to 4 December 2021. The festival opened with animated musical comedy Sing 2 by Garth Jennings and honoured Monica Bellucci with a lifetime achievement award.

References

External links

Torino Film Festival at the Internet Movie Database

 
1982 establishments in Italy
Recurring events established in 1982
Annual events in Italy
Film festivals in Italy
Autumn events in Italy
HMP Canterbury is a former prison in Canterbury, Kent, England. The prison was operated by Her Majesty's Prison Service. The former prison site was bought by Canterbury Christ Church University in April 2014.

History
The prison originated as a county gaol in 1808 and served as a Home Office archive during the First World War. After a time as a Naval Detention Centre during the Second World War, the prison reopened in 1946 as a local prison to serve the courts of Kent. In 2002 it became a category C training prison and in 2006 a foreign nationals prison.

In 2003 Canterbury Prison was highlighted by the Prison Reform Trust as being one of the most overcrowded prisons in the country, claiming that Canterbury was overpopulated 57%. Two years later the Howard League for Penal Reform criticised the prison for its high rates of suicides amongst inmates.

In 2007 Canterbury Prison was converted to hold only foreign national prisoners in the UK. This was to allow a centralisation of specialised immigration and language services for foreign prisoners, as well as to allow dedicated immigration officials to work on the deportation of as many inmates as possible (on completion of their sentence).

In 2008 the Princess Royal visited Canterbury as part of celebrations marking the 200th anniversary of the prison.

On 10 January 2013, the Ministry of Justice announced that Canterbury was one of six prisons that would close. The prison formally closed on 31 March 2013 and was put up for sale in March 2014. In April it was announced that Canterbury Christ Church University had bought the former prison site, and is consulting on using the site for student accommodation for its North Holmes Campus.

Notable former inmates
 Michael Stone
 Silvino Francisco
 Ronnie and Reggie Kray
 Salman Butt
 Mohammad Asif

References

External links
History of Canterbury Prison from theprison.org.uk
HMP Canterbury - HM Inspectorate of Prisons Reports

Canterbury
1808 establishments in England
Prison
2013 disestablishments in England
Canterbury Christ Church University
Canterbury
Monte Aprazível is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The population is of 25,373 inhabitants, and the area is 496.9 km2.

Known as "The Dream's Dam City", because of a dam located nearby the city center.

Monte Aprazível belongs to the Mesoregion of São José do Rio Preto and is located 475 km from the city of São Paulo.

History

Monte Aprazível was founded by Captain Porfírio de Alcântara Pimentel, who was born in the city of Areias, São Paulo. On December 18, 1914, the district is created, and on December 23, 1924, the municipality is established with the emancipation from Rio Preto.

1936 shooting

On December 18, 1936, a Brazilian farmer supposedly killed 16 people in Monte Aprazível, Brazil. A Japanese colonist named Fiorky had caught the man's 10-year-old son in his orchard stealing fruit and cut off his hand with an axe. The boy returned home, told his father about the incident, and died shortly thereafter, whereupon the farmer took a shotgun and hid by the roadside, shooting every Japanese passing by. He was arrested by police after shooting dead 16 of them, including the sons of the man who had killed his son.

According to some reports the farmer shot dead every Japanese passing by, because he had difficulties of recognizing Fiorky, the Japanese colonist who killed his son. Another report states that the farmer first killed the Japanese colonist, then murdered every member of the family of Fiorky, among them four children and three women.

The story, which was widely published by newspapers, was later found to be baseless. The newspaper O Jornal contacted the regional police station of Rio Preto, inquiring about the incident, and the respective authorities declared that the incident lacked veracity and nothing abnormal had happened in Monte Aprazível, or Novo Oriente.

Economy

The Tertiary sector and the Industry are the economic basis of Monte Aprazível. Commerce, services and public administration corresponds to 49% of the city GDP. The Secondary sector is 45.5% of the GDP, and the Primary sector corresponds to 5.5%.

Transportation

SP-310 Rodovia Feliciano Sales Cunha
SP-377 Rodovia Deputado Bady Bassitt

References

Municipalities in São Paulo (state)
Ebrahim Afsharpour (; born 8 October 1930) is an Iranian boxer. He competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1930 births
Possibly living people
Boxers at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Iranian male boxers
Olympic boxers for Iran
Light-welterweight boxers
20th-century Iranian people
Place of birth missing
Sokół Ostróda is a Polish football club based in Ostróda, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. They compete in the fourth-tier III liga.

References

External links
  
 Sokół at 90minut.pl 

Ostróda County
Football clubs in Poland
Football clubs in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Manuela Modupe Udemba, professionally known as Shanga, is a Swiss–Nigerian singer-songwriter, audio engineer, and record producer. She was born in Bern, Switzerland and pursued her career after being certified as an audio engineer.

Early life
Shanga was raised between Nigeria and Switzerland, where she completed her elementary and high school. After her tertiary education, she enrolled in an audio engineering school in Hamburg.

Career
Shanga released her EP titled Embracing Vulnerability in 2013. In 2014, she received good critique for her unique body of work and was praised on Swiss Der Bund newspaper for her artistic work and musical style.

Between 2018 and 2019, she released Chuchichäschtli, Sweeter Than Wine and Show Me. In April 2020, she released her first single titled Certified from her debut album Bold. The song is a unique fusion of afro and grime, which was produced by beat chronicles (Bisi Udemba) and mixed & mastered by Grammy-nominated Ben Mühlethaler for his works with Prince.

In July 2020, her second single Kelele was released. The song peaked at No.1 on iTunes Swiss Charts (7 August 2020) and No. 4 on Billboard Swiss Digital Sales Charts in the week of 15 August 2020.

In October 2020, Shanga released her debut album Bold.

Discography

EPs
Embracing Vulnerability (2013)

Albums 
Bold (2020)

Singles

References

External links
 

1993 births
Living people
Swiss women musicians
21st-century women rappers
Musicians from Lagos
21st-century Nigerian women singers
21st-century women guitarists
21st-century Nigerian businesswomen
21st-century Nigerian businesspeople
Nigerian singer-songwriters
21st-century women composers
Nigerian expatriates in Switzerland
Nigerian record producers
Christos Ampos (; 19 October 1937 – 1 July 2020) was a  Greek footballer who played as a forward.

Club career
Ampos started playing football in 1953 at AO Kifisia, which was then competing in the second division of Athens. At the same time, he worked hard in a textile factory in the area and went to school. He mainly played as a left winger. He was very fast with a powerful left shot and he could score goals with headers, while many times he scored by launching power shots from a long distance. His playing style was characterized by stubbornness and combativeness.

In 1956 he was signed by AEK Athens and he continued to work at the factory and to be consistent with his obligations with his team, even saving up and buying a motorcycle to go from his job in Nea Filadelfeia for training. His goal wasn't enough for his team to win the championship on 31 July 1960, as Panathinaikos turned the game in the eventual 2–1 for the play-off at Karaiskakis Stadium. He remained at AEK as one of their main players until 1962.

He later moved to Australia to play for the Greek-based club, Alexander the Great, until a car accident made ended his football career.

International career
Ampos also played with both Greek U19 and the military team.

Personal life
For several years after his retirement Ampos was employed at the swimming pool of Glyfada. He died on 1 July 2020, at the age of 82.

References

1937 births
2020 deaths
A.E. Kifisia F.C. players
AEK Athens F.C. players
Super League Greece players
Men's association football forwards
Greek men's footballers
Expatriate men's soccer players in Australia
People from Mytilene
Sportspeople from the North Aegean
Keep Moving is the first studio album recorded by the indie-folk act Novi Split. It was released on January 1, 2003 by Sunset Alliance Records.

Reception
Keep Moving attracted mostly favorable reviews.

Initially, many of the critics were drawn to the similarities between David J.'s Novi Split, and many other contemporary acts. Some compared him to Connor Oberst of Bright Eyes, while others felt that he was more similar in sound to Ben Gibbard of Death Cab for Cutie, Robert Pollard of Guided by Voices, or even Elliott Smith.

Perhaps the critics found so much in common between Novi Split and other acts that they loved because they tended to love Keep Moving. Grant Capes at Indieworkshop said exactly that when he declared: "David Jerkovitch instantly grabs you and continuously fingers you for the remainder of the record with its effortless pop and rock magic. You could draw all sorts of analogies to other more famous (?) indie bands, but would that really tell the whole story of this incredible album?" Indeed, according to Capes, "I guarantee that [later] you will be using David J. references to compare how amazing the new Dntel Service record is…"

Calling it a "disc that deserves a listen," Andrew Glynn at Leftoffthedial.com had difficulty picking any "particular songs to highlight, because the positive qualities are consistent across the album."

At Independentclauses.com, Stephen Carradini called Keep Moving "a spectacular acoustic album. It has the diversity that so many acoustic acts lack, and it gives us the first taste of some spectacular songwriters. . . . Elliott Smith is gone, but Novi Split has skillfully taken his place as the new 'great acoustic hope,' returning honesty, passion, and skillful songwriting to the acoustic guitar."

Finally, Matt Shimmer at Indieville.com also had high praises for Keep Moving, giving it an 85% score and describing the songwriting "as calm but deceptively intricate" while the lyrics remain "heartfelt and emotional."

However, as stated before, not everyone was a fan of this record. Andrew Steenberg of Exclaim.ca was among them. To him, "the good bits [of the record] get bogged down by such clichéd doggerel that even J. himself is forced to laugh (see 'The New Split' and 'I Had You')."

Track listing

References

External links
 Sunset Alliance Records
 Novi Split official site
 Novi Split Facebook
 Novi Split official blog

2004 albums
Folk albums by American artists
Sunset Alliance Records albums
Robert Christopher "Phoef" Sutton (born September 11, 1958) is an American writer and producer. His film credits include Mrs. Winterbourne and The Fan, both released in 1996. Phoef — the first name that he uses both personally and professionally — is pronounced "feef", and was a childhood nickname given to him in infancy by his brothers.

Sutton was born in Washington, D.C. and grew up in Virginia. A 1981 graduate of James Madison University, he began his career writing scripts for Newhart.  He later became a writer for and executive producer of Cheers. He collaborated with Bob Newhart again on the 1992 TV series Bob and worked as a creative consultant on 1990s TV series Almost Perfect and NewsRadio. With Mark Jordan Legan he wrote and produced the cult comedy series Thanks about the Pilgrims' first years in America and co-wrote a 2017 episode of Kevin Can Wait. He was also the showrunner and producer for the NBC series The Fighting Fitzgeralds and the American version of Coupling. In 1999, he published the novel Always Six O'Clock. In 2012, he published the novel The Dead Man: The Midnight Special and The Dead Man: Reborn. In May 2015, his novel Fifteen Minutes to Live was published by Brash Books. His other novels include Crush, and the two sequels Heart Attack & Vine and Colorado Boulevard, as well as two books co-authored with Janet Evanovich: Wicked Charms and Curious Minds.

From 2005 to 2009, Sutton was a consulting producer for Boston Legal. In 2010, Sutton became a staff writer on the FX series Terriers starring Donal Logue. He was also a writer and consulting producer for the Rob Schneider sitcom Rob, the SyFy Channel series Defiance, and the showrunner and writer for the TV Land original sitcom The Soul Man. He is an adviser to the American Shakespeare Center.

References

External links

1958 births
Living people
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American screenwriters
21st-century American male writers
21st-century American novelists
21st-century American screenwriters
American male novelists
American male screenwriters
American television producers
Primetime Emmy Award winners
James Madison University alumni
Novelists from Washington, D.C.
Screenwriters from Washington, D.C.
In the mathematical field of geometric group theory, a length function is a function that assigns a number to each element of a group.

Definition
A length function L : G → R+ on a group G is a function satisfying:

Compare with the axioms for a metric and a filtered algebra.

Word metric

An important example of a length is the word metric: given a presentation of a group by generators and relations, the length of an element is the length of the shortest word expressing it.

Coxeter groups (including the symmetric group) have combinatorial important length functions, using the simple reflections as generators (thus each simple reflection has length 1). See also: length of a Weyl group element.

A longest element of a Coxeter group is both important and unique up to conjugation (up to different choice of simple reflections).

Properties
A group with a length function does not form a filtered group, meaning that the sublevel sets  do not form subgroups in general.

However, the group algebra of a group with a length functions forms a filtered algebra: the axiom  corresponds to the filtration axiom.

Group theory
Geometric group theory
Fort Wilhelmus was a factorij in the 17th-century colonial province of New Netherland, located on what had been named Hooghe Eyland (High Island) (also called Verhulsten Island) on the Zuyd Rivier, now Burlington Island in the  Delaware River in New Jersey.
 More a trading post than a military installation, it was built in 1625 by colonists from the Netherlands in the employ of the Dutch West India Company, with the intention of establishing a physical claim to the new territory and to engage in the fur trade with the indigenous population of Lenape and Minqua. The Walloon families had originally arrived at Noten Island (Governors Island) across from New Amsterdam in the Upper New York Bay, They had been sent south in order to begin the population of the province of New Netherland. They were later recalled to Fort Amsterdam since the Dutch West India Company had decided to concentrate their settlement efforts along the North River, or Hudson River.

The fort was likely so called from  "Het Wilhelmus" (; English translation: "The William"), a song which tells of Willem van Oranje, his life and why he is fighting for the Dutch people. It became, in 1932, the national anthem of the Netherlands and is the oldest national anthem in the world.
Although it was not recognized as the official national anthem until 1932, it remained popular with the Dutch people since its creation.

See also
 Forts of New Netherland
 Pidgen Delaware
 Fort Nassau (South River)
 Willem Verhulst
 New Netherland settlements

Notes

External links
New River Notes Delaware Historical Timeline

Burlington County, New Jersey
Wilhelmus
Wilhelmus
Wilhelmus
1625 establishments in the Dutch Empire
Michael A. "Doc" Rhett (born December 30, 1956) is an American politician. He is a member of the Georgia State Senate from the 33rd District, serving since 2015. He is a member of the Democratic party.

References

External links
 Profile at the Georgia State Senate
 Official website

1956 births
21st-century American politicians
Democratic Party Georgia (U.S. state) state senators
Living people
Politicians from Harlem
Vilas Circle Bear Effigy Mound and the Curtis Mounds are a group of Native American mounds in Madison, Wisconsin. The Bear Effigy Mound is in the public Bear Mound Park, while the Curtis Mounds are on a neighboring residential property. As its name indicates, the Bear Effigy Mound is in the shape of a bear, and is intact except for a section of the bear's leg. The Curtis Mounds were seven linear mounds running down the hill and several conical mounds. Now only parts of one or two linear mounds remain, on private property.

Mound Builder civilizations built the mounds between 500 and 1200 A.D. to serve as burial sites. Bear-shaped mounds represented earth and humanity in the Mound Builder tradition; other animal-shaped mounds, such as birds and lizards, were used to represent other elements.

The mounds were added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 30, 1974.

References

National Register of Historic Places in Madison, Wisconsin
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Wisconsin
Mounds in Wisconsin
Stover Bicycle Manufacturing Company was a bicycle manufacturer in Freeport, Illinois founded by D.C. Stover. The company produced 20,000 bicycles a year in 1897.

History

Background

The company was founded by Stover in 1889, and the first year they produced 320 bicycles (also known as Wheels) and they had 6 employees. D.C. Stover was the owner of the company and several other companies with the moniker Stover. The company produced bicycles under the name Phoenix. They were one of the early manufacturers of the Safety bicycle.

By 1897, the company had become one of the larger bicycle producers and had total production capacity of 20,000 bicycles per year: 120 bicycles a day.

Products
The company manufactured three different bicycles: The Tiger, The Iroquois, and The Paragon. In 1890 they began construction of a larger manufacturing plant in Freeport.

Sale of the company
In 1899 the company was sold to a Bicycle Trust which organized under the name American Bicycle Company. The American Bicycle Company only lasted a few years (from 1899-1903). Historians have not determined why the company failed but they have several theories. One idea was that the company was poorly organized, and another theory is that the various manufacturers involved in the company had different objectives. After the breakup the many different companies went back to competing.

References

History of cycling
1892 introductions
Manufacturing companies based in Illinois
Cycle manufacturers of the United States
History of cycling in the United States
Companies based in Illinois
Janesville: An American Story is a non-fiction book written by Amy Goldstein and published by Simon & Schuster in 2017. It covers the city of Janesville, Wisconsin, and follows the stories of several of its working-class inhabitants from 2008 to 2013, tracing what happens after the Janesville Assembly Plant shuts down.

Reception 
It was named as a book of the year by The Economist, one of 100 notable books of 2017 by The New York Times, and one of 50 notable works of nonfiction in 2017 by The Washington Post. Former President Barack Obama also named it one of the best books he read in 2017.

It won the 2018 J. Anthony Lukas Book Prize and the 2017 Financial Times and McKinsey Business Book of the Year Award. The J. Anthony Lukas Book Prize, in its award description, called it "a triumph of narrative nonfiction" which "marshalls shoe-leather reporting and original social science into a panoramic portrait of workers, politicians, parents, teenagers, educators, business leaders, and a community struggling to find a way forward."

Patti Waldmeir in The Financial Times states that Janesville "humanises the suffering of the white working class in America at a time when the country critically needs to understand the angst that helped elect the president." Jennifer Senior of The New York Times called it "moving and magnificently well-researched."

Michael Barone, writing in The Wall Street Journal, points out a pro-union bias in the book, but admits that it is "generally fair-minded".

It also received favorable coverage from Joshua Rothman in The New Yorker and Arlie Hochschild in The Washington Post.

Janesville has been mentioned alongside Arlie Hochschild's Strangers in Their Own Land, J. D. Vance's Hillbilly Elegy, and Joan C. Williams's White Working Class as part of "a growing family of books about the evisceration of the working class in the United States" but which is set apart by "the sophistication of its storytelling and analysis."

References 

2017 non-fiction books
Janesville, Wisconsin
Simon & Schuster books
Dungannon Aerodrome  is a registered aerodrome located  south of Dungannon, Ontario, Canada.

References

Registered aerodromes in Ontario
Amos Drane (born 1811 or 1812 - ?) was a delegate to Mississippi's 1868 Constitutional Convention representing Madison County, Alabama. He was one of 16 African American delegates at the constitutional convemtion.

According to a newspaper brief, he had been owned as a slave by Maj. Drane. It states Alfred Handy, a state legislator, was his half-brother.

Eric Foner documents him per Richard L. Hume as owning substantial property and advocating for a National Union Republican party. He was opposed to restrictions on Confederates voting.

He was a candidate for the Mississippi House of Representatives.

In 1871, he was one of the incorporators of the Wesley Chapel Methodist Episcopal Church.

Testimony about election issues included a report that a mob attacked him for asking questions of a Captain Pratt at a courthouse meeting and the sheriff took him into custody to safeguard him.

Drane was part of the "Black and Tan" convention held in Jackson, Mississippi in January 1868. It was disparaged by Democrat and Confederate aligned newspaper accounts.

He and other Republican politicians were lampooned and disparaged in the Panola Star newspaper.

See also
African-American officeholders during and following the Reconstruction era

References

African-American politicians during the Reconstruction Era
Year of birth uncertain