Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Wolofization or Wolofisation is a cultural and language shift whereby populations or states adopt Wolof language or culture, such as in the Senegambia region. In Senegal, Wolof is a lingua franca The Wolofization phenomenon has taken over all facets of Senegal and encroaching on Gambian soil. This phenomenon has caused other Senegambian ethnic groups great concern and resulted in taking steps to preserve their languages and culture. In this regard, the Serer ethnic group who have had a long history fighting against Islamization and Wolofization have been taking active steps in the past decades by setting up associations and other organisations in order to preserve their languages, culture and "ancient religious past." Haalpulaar speakers, namely the Fula and Toucouleur have also been taking steps to preserve their language.

Pros 
Many people argue that since Wolof is the lingua franca in Senegal, it should be the official language.

Criticism
The Wolofization phenomenon taking place in Senegal and encroaching on Gambian soil has been criticised by many Serer, Mandinka and Haalpulaar (Fula and Toucouleur) intellectuals.   Serer historian and author Babacar Sedikh Diouf view Wolofization as destructive to the languages and cultures of the other Senegambian ethnic groups such as Serer, Jola, Mandinka, Fula, etc., and calls for a "controlled osmosis" between Wolof and other ethnicities. In his view, Diouf regards Wolofization as a form of “uncontrolled” homogenization of Senegal by the Wolof. His fellow Serer intellectual Marcel Mahawa Diouf, along with Mandinaka intellectual Doudou Kamara, and Haalpulaar intellectuals Yoro Doro Diallo and Cheikh Hamidou Kane share Diouf's sentiments. The historian and author Marcel Mahawa Diouf offers a more drastic solution for dealing with the "Wolofization problem". Since the Wolof are a mixture of the various ethnic groups of the Senegambia region, and that, even their language (the Wolof language) is not actually the language of the Wolof in origin, but the original language of the Lebu people, Marcel Mahawa calls for an alliance between all non-Wolofs who have had historic alliances with each other. In effect, that would be the Serers, Toucouleurs, Soninke people (Sarakolés), Sossés (Mandinka), Jola, and Lebou. The sole purpose of revisitng these ancient alliances (where one tribe calls for help and another answers, commonly known in Senegambia as gamo, from the old Serer term gamohou or gamahou ("to find the lost heart", itself an ancient Serer religious festival) is to disconnect the Wolof thereby disinheriting them from the Senegambia region and its history.

See also 
 Languages of Senegal
 Languages of the Gambia
 Casamance conflict

References

Further reading 
 Brokering Democracy in Africa: The Rise of Clientelist Democracy in Senegal
 Language and National Identity in Africa
 The SAGE Encyclopedia of War: Social Science Perspectives

Wolof language
Cultural assimilation
Languages of the Gambia
Languages of Senegal
Aina Karlsone (13 November 1935 – 17 December 2012) was a Latvian artist and author.

Karlsone gained prominence as an exlibriste, producing approximately 3100 works in her lifetime. Her works were featured in exhibitions both internationally and nationally, including at the Latvian National Library and the Art Academy of Latvia Library.

Bibliography 
 Klūdziņu un sloksnīšu pinumi (1992)
 Mašīnizšūšana (2000)
 Grāmatzīmes Jēkabpils novadam (2004)
 Īpašuma, cieņas un pateicības zīme – Ex libris (2005)

References 

1935 births
2012 deaths
20th-century Latvian women artists
21st-century Latvian women artists
Place of birth missing
Halfway House is a village in Shropshire, England, halfway between Shrewsbury and Welshpool (in Wales) on the A458 road. Also, it is known to be halfway between Birmingham and Aberystwyth.

It has a pub called the 'Halfway House'. Its neighbouring village, Wattlesborough, has a shop and a cafe. It also has a village hall which is shared with Halfway House.
A mile to the north-east at Wattlesborough Hall the 12th century keep of Wattlesborough Castle survives, adjoining an 18th-century farmhouse.

See also
Listed buildings in Alberbury with Cardeston

References

Villages in Shropshire
Loud Pack may refer to:

 Loud Pack (album), of 2011 by Project Pat
 Loudpvck, the American DJ and electronic music producer
Moreton Bay Central Sports Complex is a sports field complex in Burpengary, a suburb of the City of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia primarily for both Australian rules football and soccer. It was built and opened in 2013 and are managed by Caboolture Sports Football Club, Moreton Bay Australian Football Club and AFL Queensland's Northern Brisbane Academy Programs. It is the home ground for Caboolture Sports Football Club, playing within Football Queensland competitions, and also the home ground for Moreton Bay in the Queensland Football Association Northern Conference. It was the primary home ground for the Brisbane Lions AFL Women's team from 2019 until the completion of Springfield Central Stadium in 2022.

Soccer
Caboolture Sports Football Club are located in the Moreton Bay Cental Sports Complex. This complex was opened in May 2019 and is a new multi-million-dollar purpose-built football fFacility. The clubhouse is surrounded by a synthetic field and two full size fields. Additionally, 3 more full size fields are planned to be constructed. Caboolture Sports FC is an established, progressive club and in 2016 re-affiliated with Football Brisbane (now Football Queensland Metro) after being part of Sunshine Coast Football for 20 years. The club's senior men side currently play in the Football Queensland Premier League and also has many successful junior teams playing in Football Queensland Metro competitions. The senior women field a Women's Capital 1 League and reserve team. Caboolture Sports FC turned 50 years in 2019 and now have an active membership of over 850 players, ranging from Miniroos, juniors, boys and girls, City league and Over 45's, plus a newly established 7-a-side preseason competition.

AFL
The Brisbane Lions' AFL Women's (AFLW) team uses the venue as a home ground. It hosted its first AFLW game on 10 March 2018, between Brisbane and . It became the Lions' primary home ground for the 2019 season, replacing South Pine Sports Complex.

It has also served as a home ground for the club's reserves team in the NEAFL; and it has hosted AFL pre-season games involving the Brisbane Lions since it was opened.

Attendance records

References

External links

Moreton Bay Central Sports Complex at Moreton Bay City Council
Moreton Bay Central Sports Complex at Austadiums

Brisbane Lions
North East Australian Football League grounds
AFL Women's grounds
Sports venues completed in 2013
2013 establishments in Australia
Multi-purpose stadiums in Australia
Sports venues in Queensland
Sports complexes in Australia
Ortwin Czarnowski (born 21 July 1940) is a German former cyclist. He competed in the individual road race and the team time trial events at the 1968 Summer Olympics.

References

External links
 

1940 births
Living people
People from Oder-Spree
Sportspeople from the Province of Brandenburg
German male cyclists
Cyclists from Brandenburg
Olympic cyclists for West Germany
West German male cyclists
Cyclists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
20th-century German people
East German defectors
East German emigrants to West Germany
Finn Henriksen (29 January 1933 – 6 December 2008) was a Danish film director and screenwriter. He directed 17 films and wrote for 19 between 1960 and 1989. He was born in Randers, Denmark and died in Lyngby, Denmark. He is buried at Lundtofte Cemetery.

Filmography

 Jydekompagniet 3 (1989)
 Jydekompagniet (1988)
 Fængslende feriedage (1978)
 Piger til søs (1977)
 Julefrokosten (1976)
 Piger i trøjen 2 (1976)
 Piger i trøjen (1975)
 Pigen og drømmeslottet (1974)
 Helle for Lykke (1969)
 Far laver sovsen (1967)
 Pigen og greven (1966)
 Flådens friske fyre (1965)
 Norden i flammer (1965)
 Bussen (1963)
 Frøken April (1963)
 Prinsesse for en dag (1962)
 Forelsket i København (1960)

External links

1933 births
2008 deaths
Danish film directors
Danish male screenwriters
People from Randers
20th-century Danish screenwriters
Tina Cardinale-Beauchemin ( Beauchemin, previously Cardinale; born October 20, 1966, in Hudson, Massachusetts) is a member of the Northeastern University athletics Hall of Fame. She was elected in 2002 for her excellence in women's ice hockey and was also the captain of the first ever United States women's national hockey team during the 1990 IIHF Women's World Championship. Cardinale was also on the American national team for the 1992 IIHF Women's World Championship.

During her first season as a women's Northeastern University ice hockey player (called the Huskies), Cardinale scored 19 goals with 13 assists for 32 points. In her sophomore season she scored 15 goals and 20 assists for 35 points. Her junior season she was named an ECAC All-Star she scored 18 goals and 30 assists for 48 points.

Cardinale saved her best effort for her senior season where Northeastern went 26-0-1 and she scored 18 goals and 41 assists for 59 points. Cardinale was named an Eastern College Athletic Conference (ECAC) All-Star for the second time.

References

External links
 GoNU.com Hall of Fame Profile

1966 births
Living people
American women's ice hockey forwards
Ice hockey players from Massachusetts
Northeastern Huskies women's ice hockey players
People from Hudson, Massachusetts
Ice hockey people from Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Ashman phenomenon, also known as Ashman beats, describes a particular type of wide QRS complex, often seen isolated that is typically seen in atrial fibrillation.  It is more often misinterpreted as a premature ventricular complex.

It is named for Richard Ashman (of New Orleans) (1890 –1969), after first being described by Gouaux and Ashman in 1947.

Presentation
Ashman beats are described as wide complex QRS complexes that follow a short R-R interval preceded by a long R-R interval.  This short QRS complex typically has a right bundle branch block morphology and represents an aberrantly conducted complex that originates above the AV node, rather than a complex that originates in either the right or left ventricle.

Cause
It occurs because the duration of the refractory period of  the myocardium is proportional to the R-R interval of the preceding cycle. A short R-R interval is associated with a shorter duration of action potential  and vice versa. A long R-R cycle will prolong the ensuing refractory period, and if a shorter cycle follows, the beat terminating the cycle is likely to be conducted aberrantly. Because the refractory period of the right bundle branch is longer than the left, the right bundle will still be in the refractory period when the supraventricular impulse reaches the His-Purkinje system, resulting in a complex with right bundle branch block morphology.

Prognosis
Clinically, it is often asymptomatic by itself and considered benign in nature.

See also 
 Atrial fibrillation
 Electrocardiogram

References

Further reading 
 
 
 
 
 

Cardiac arrhythmia
Medical signs
Diseases named for discoverer
Elliott-Bester House is a historic home in Hagerstown, Washington County, Maryland, United States. It is a two-story brick dwelling, painted yellow and trimmed with black and white. The home is associated with Commodore Jesse D. Elliott who spent his boyhood years there.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

References

External links
, including photo from 1997, at Maryland Historical Trust

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Houses completed in 1790
Houses in Hagerstown, Maryland
National Register of Historic Places in Washington County, Maryland
Trirhabda is a genus of skeletonizing leaf beetles in the family Chrysomelidae. There are more than 30 described species in Trirhabda. They are found in North America and Mexico.

Species
These 33 species belong to the genus Trirhabda:

 Trirhabda adela Blake, 1931
 Trirhabda aenea Jacoby, 1886
 Trirhabda attenuata (Say, 1824)
 Trirhabda bacharidis (Weber, 1801) (groundselbush beetle)
 Trirhabda borealis Blake, 1931
 Trirhabda caduca Horn, 1893
 Trirhabda canadensis (Kirby, 1837) (goldenrod leaf beetle)
 Trirhabda confusa Blake, 1931
 Trirhabda convergens J. L. LeConte, 1865
 Trirhabda diducta Horn, 1893
 Trirhabda eriodictyonis Fall, 1907
 Trirhabda flavolimbata (Mannerheim, 1843)
 Trirhabda geminata Horn, 1893
 Trirhabda gurneyi Blake
 Trirhabda labrata Fall, 1907
 Trirhabda lewisii Crotch, 1873
 Trirhabda luteocincta (J. L. LeConte, 1858)
 Trirhabda majuscula Wickham, 1914
 Trirhabda manisi Hogue in Hatch, 1971
 Trirhabda megacephala Wickham, 1914
 Trirhabda nigriventris Blake, 1951
 Trirhabda nigrohumeralis Schaeffer
 Trirhabda nitidicollis J. L. LeConte, 1865
 Trirhabda pilosa Blake, 1931
 Trirhabda pubicollis Blake, 1951
 Trirhabda rugosa Jacoby, 1892
 Trirhabda schwarzi Blake, 1951
 Trirhabda sepulta Wickham, 1914
 Trirhabda sericotrachyla Blake, 1931
 Trirhabda sublaevicollis Jacoby, 1892
 Trirhabda variabilis Jacoby, 1886
 Trirhabda virgata J. L. LeConte, 1865
 Trirhabda viridicyanea Blake

References

Further reading

External links

 

Galerucinae
Articles created by Qbugbot
Chrysomelidae genera
Taxa named by John Lawrence LeConte
The present Indian state of Maharashtra came into existence on 1 May 1960. The number of constituencies of the first Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha, the lower house of the Maharashtra state legislature in 1960 was 264. 33 constituencies were reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled castes and 14 were reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled tribes.

List of current constituencies (since 2008) 
Following is the list of the constituencies of the Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha since the delimitation of legislative assembly constituencies in 2008. At present, 29 constituencies are reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled castes and 25 are reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled tribes:

List of former constituencies (made defunct by 2008) 
Following is the list of the constituencies of the Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha since the delimitation of legislative assembly constituencies in 2008. At present, 29 constituencies are reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled castes and 25 are reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled tribes:

See also
 Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha

Notes

Constituencies of Maharashtra Assembly

Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha
Michelle den Dekker , also known as Michelle Fielke, is an Australian netballer from South Australia. den Dekker represented Australia in 84 tests between 1988 and 1995, including a record 71 as captain. She received the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) in the 1992 Queen's Birthday Honours for services to sport.

Netball career
Life member of the Garville Netball Club from 1989 to 1995 and helping the club clinch five premierships in 1989, 1991, 1992, 1994 and 1995. In the national league, den Dekker was captain-coach of the Queensland Firebirds in 1997-98 before returning home to the now defunct Adelaide Ravens.

den Dekker made her Australian debut in 1985, and led Australian to two world championships as captain (1991 and 1995). Michelle played a total of 84 test matches for Australia between 1985 and 1995, including 71 as captain. As captain her team enjoyed a win loss ratio of 92% (65 wins, 6 losses).

den Dekker was voted as Adelaide's greatest netballer to have fronted for the Adelaide Thunderbirds or Adelaide Ravens. She was inducted into the Australian Netball Hall of Fame in 2009.

Coaching career 
den Dekker OAM was appointed Head Coach of Netball Australia’s new Centre of Excellence in Canberra in April 2014.

den Dekker was the Diamonds Assistant coach for the Australian Netball Diamonds until August 2015 (the 2015 Netball World Cup). Currently still works as a consultant for Netball Australia as a Defence Specialist coach and manages her own Netball consultancy business working to develop our next generation of players and coaches in South Australia

Awards
 Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) in 1992 
  SA Great Award, for services to sport in South Australia in 1993.
 Inducted into the Australian Netball Hall of Fame 2009
 Inducted into the Inaugural South Australian Hall Of Fame 2010
 Ambassador for the SA Sports Hall Of Fame alongside Legend Barrie Robran AM.
 Inducted into Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 2020.

References

External sources
 Michelle de Dekker
 Netball Australia

Living people
1966 births
Australia international netball players
Netball players at the 1989 World Games
Netball players at the 1993 World Games
Netball players at the 1985 World Games
Australian netball coaches
Adelaide Thunderbirds coaches
Queensland Firebirds players
Netball players from South Australia
Australian Institute of Sport netball coaches
Adelaide Ravens players
ANZ Championship coaches
Contax Netball Club players
Garville Netball Club players
Esso/Mobil Superleague players
South Australia state netball league players
Sport Australia Hall of Fame inductees
1991 World Netball Championships players
1995 World Netball Championships players
Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia
Juan Pablo Rodríguez Guerrero (born 7 August 1979) is a Mexican former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

Career
Nicknamed "El Chato" or "Comandante", Rodríguez is one of the many skilled soccer players to have come out of Atlas. He was part of the Atlas' famous 98' generation alongside Rafael Márquez and others who brightened the future for Mexico national squad. His dead ball especialty skills and great vision of the field won him the right to represent his country.

Rodríguez became captain of Atlas F.C. at the age of 21. His mature performances in central midfield during the 1999 Copa Libertadores provoked much interest on the part of the League's big teams. After playing and growing as a player in Atlas for six years, he joined Tecos.

In Tecos UAG, Rodríguez's high point came in 2005, when he and Daniel Luduena led the team to the final, only to lose against Club América.

In 2006, he joined Guadalajara for the Apertura 2006 in the Mexican league, and then to Santos Laguna at Clausura 2007.

At Chivas de Guadalajara, his performance was criticized by the media, who thought Rodríguez could only perform well without pressure, which led to transfer rumors, realized when he joined Santos, with bad reviews following him during the first part of the season, with his new team struggling to remain in Primera División. However, in 2007 Clausura he displayed good enough football to earn a starting place.

At the start of the Apertura 2007, in the second game, Rodríguez scored against Toluca, eventually beating them 3–2. He also scored in the match against Club Puebla

An international since 2003, Rodríguez has 36 caps for Mexico, with 2 goals. He was part of 2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup where Mexico won. He was also present in the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup, with the national side finishing fourth, losing on |extra time]] against Germany.
In December 2014 he returned to his first team, Atlas F.C.

International goals

|-
| 1. || July 20, 2003 || Estadio Azteca, Mexico City, Mexico ||  || 5–0 || 5–0 || 2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup
|}

Honours 
Guadalajara
Mexican Primera División: Apertura 2006

Santos Laguna
Mexican Primera División: Clausura 2008, Clausura 2012
Copa MX: Apertura 2014

Individual
Best Midfielder of the tournament: Invierno 1999
Best Defensive Midfielder of the tournament: Apertura 2011
Best Defensive Midfielder of the tournament: Clausura 2012

References

External links
 
 
 
 

1979 births
Living people
Footballers from Jalisco
Mexico men's international footballers
CONCACAF Gold Cup-winning players
2001 Copa América players
2001 FIFA Confederations Cup players
2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2005 FIFA Confederations Cup players
People from Zapopan, Jalisco
Atlas F.C. footballers
C.D. Guadalajara footballers
Santos Laguna footballers
Tecos F.C. footballers
Atlético Morelia players
Liga MX players
Mexico men's under-20 international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Mexican men's footballers
A ring forming reaction or ring-closing reaction in organic chemistry is a general term for a variety of reactions that introduce one or more rings into a molecule.  A heterocycle forming reaction is such a reaction that introduces a new heterocycle.
Important classes of ring forming reactions include annulations and cycloadditions.

Named ring forming reactions
Named ring forming reactions include (not exhaustive):
Azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition
Bischler–Napieralski reaction
Bucherer carbazole synthesis
Danheiser annulation
Dieckmann condensation
Diels–Alder reaction
Feist–Benary synthesis
Fiesselmann thiophene synthesis
Fischer indole synthesis
Gewald reaction
Hantzsch pyridine synthesis
Larock indole synthesis
Paal–Knorr synthesis
Pictet–Spengler reaction
Pomeranz–Fritsch reaction
Ring-closing metathesis
Robinson annulation
Skraup reaction

References

Further reading
 Michael B. Smith & Jerry March, 2007, "March's Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure," 6th Ed., New York, NY, USA:Wiley & Sons, , see , accessed 19 June 2015.
 László Kürti & Barbara Czakó, 2005, "Strategic Applications of Named Reactions in Organic Synthesis: Background and Detailed Mechanisms, Amsterdam, NH, NLD:Elsevier Academic Press, 2005ISBN 0124297854, see , accessed 19 June 2015.

Chemical reactions
Ring forming reactions
K-64 was a  state highway in Pratt County, Kansas. The highway was a partial bypass of Pratt that ran from U.S. Route 281 (US-281) just south of the city limits to US-54 and US-400 east of them. The route was maintained by the Kansas Department of Transportation until July 10, 2015 when the road was turned over to Pratt County. K-64 was not part of the National Highway System.

Before state highways were numbered in Kansas there were auto trails. The eastern terminus follows the former Cannon Ball Route and Atlantic and Pacific Highway. K-64 was designated around 1932, and paved in 1937. It was decommissioned July 10, 2015, after the Kansas Department of Transportation expanded several miles of US-54 and US-400 east of Pratt to four lanes. In exchange for the expansion, Pratt County agreed to take control of K-64.

Route description

K-64 began at an intersection with US-281 just south of Pratt. The highway went east on a two-lane road through a hilly, slightly wooded area. The road passed south of an unnamed lake, then turned to the north. The route then crossed the south fork of the Ninnescah River and the Kansas and Oklahoma Railroad before reaching its northern terminus at a T intersection with US-54 and US-400.

K-64 was maintained by the Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT). In 2012, the traffic on the route, calculated in annual average daily traffic, was 750 vehicles per day on the north–south section and 1260 vehicles per day on the east–west section. K-64 was not a part of the National Highway System, which is a system of highways considered important to the nation's defense, economy, and mobility. K-64 did connect to the National Highway System at its eastern terminus.

History
Prior to the formation of the Kansas state highway system, there were auto trails, which were an informal network of marked routes that existed in the United States and Canada in the early part of the 20th century. The eastern terminus follows the former Cannon Ball Route and Atlantic and Pacific Highway.

K-64 was designated by 1932, and at that time extended from K-8 east then north to US-54. Then between July 1938 and 1940, K-8 was renumbered to US-281. The route was paved with an oil surface in 1937, and it had not changed until it was decommissioned. K-64 was decommissioned on July 10, 2015, after KDOT had expanded several miles of US-54 and US-400 east of Pratt to four lanes. After the expansion, Pratt County agreed to take control of K-64.

Major intersections

References

External links

Kansas Highways Routelog – K-64
Pratt Tribune article explaining the handover of K-64 to the county

064
Transportation in Pratt County, Kansas