Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The Battle of Lewiston saw Major General Phineas Riall lead a combined British and Native force against the American town of Lewiston. They defeated the Americans in the area and then looted and burnt the town.

Background
On December 10, 1813, American Brigadier General George McClure abandoned Fort George, Ontario because of a British force under General Gordon Drummond advancing toward him. Before leaving the Americans burned the town of Newark. Drummond's men then crossed the Niagara River in the Capture of Fort Niagara. Major General Phineas Riall launched an attack on the nearby town of Lewiston in conjunction.

Battle
On the night of December 18, 1813, a force of 500 men consisting of Native American warriors, the main body of the 1st Battalion of the 1st Regiment of Foot and the 41st Regiment of Foot, commanded by Major-General Phineas Riall, crossed the Niagara river to attack the Americans at Lewiston. In the town of Lewiston was an American gun battery threatening Queenston. The American garrison at Lewiston had only 100 men and most of them retreated south toward Fort Schlosser. The retreat was too hasty to save the cannon at the battery and so they had to leave a 12 pounder and a 6 pounder cannon to the British. A small American contingent under an American officer named Major Bennett was trapped by the natives on the Lewiston Heights. The trapped Americans made a breakout when they charged down from the heights and away from the natives. In the escape, the Americans lost 8 killed. Riall's men pursued the Americans south. At Fort Schlosser, Canadians fighting for America led by Colonel Joseph Willcocks moved north to meet Riall's force. The Canadians fought a rearguard action skirmishing with the British for 2 days until they escaped across the Tonawanda Creek. The Canadians suffered 9 killed in the fighting.

Aftermath
The natives at Lewiston found and looted liqueur from the civilians' homes. The natives drank heavily and became a violent crowd. The natives began fighting each other as well as the civilians of Lewiston. Four civilians were killed by the natives including a young boy. They even turned on each other. In a fight two natives were killed and a British soldier of the 41st regiment. Two more British soldiers were wounded by natives, one shot in the leg and another was tomahawked in the arm.  The houses were looted and then every one burned to the ground. After Willcocks was driven back the British and natives burned every house and settlement on the American side of the Niagara River until they reached Fort Schlosser.

References

Sources

Lewiston
Streptoloma is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae.

Its native range is Iran to Central Asia and Afghanistan.

Species:

Streptoloma desertorum 
Streptoloma sumbarense

References

Brassicaceae
Brassicaceae genera
Taxa named by Alexander von Bunge
"Avec toi", is a 2012 French song by Axel Tony

"Avec Toi" may also refer to:
 "Avec Toi", a 1966 song and competition entry by Alice Dona
 "Avec Toi", a 1964 song by Soeur Sourire the Singing Nun
 "Avec Toi", a 1970 song by Charles Aznavour
 "Avec Toi", a 1985 B-side song by Celine Dion written by E. Marnay, T. Geoffroy, C. Loigerot	
 "Avec Toi", a 1987 B-side song by Cicciolina written by Jay Horus
Herly () is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

Geography
A village situated some 14 miles (22 km) northeast of Montreuil-sur-Mer on the D156 road.

Population

Places of interest

 The church of St. Peter, dating from the seventeenth century.
 The seventeenth century priory and chapel

See also
Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department

References

Communes of Pas-de-Calais
This is a list of notable events in the history of LGBT rights that took place in the year 2000.

Events
 Voters in US state of Maine reject a proposal to reinstate the ban on sexual orientation discrimination in the private sector, with 50.5 per cent against and 49.5 per cent for.

January
 12 – The ban on lesbians and gay men serving in the United Kingdom armed forces is lifted.

February
 14 – Jerrold Nadler, congressman from New York, introduces the Permanent Partners Immigration Act (H.R 3650) in the United States Congress.

March
 7 – California voters approve Proposition 22, a preemptive measure stating that California will not recognize same-sex marriages, even if the marriages took place in states that permitted them.
 15 – Equality Mississippi is formed in response to a hate-crime murder and attempts in the U.S. state to ban adoption by same-sex couples.

April
 28—30 – Millennium March on Washington in the United States.

June
21 – The parliament of Scotland repeals Section 28, the law that banned local authorities from "promoting homosexuality". It is the first part of the United Kingdom to do so.

July
 1
 In the U.S. state of Vermont, civil union law goes into effect, granting most state-level marriage rights to registered same-sex couples.
 Mississippi becomes the third U.S. state to ban adoption by same-sex couples.

November
 Montana governor Marc Racicot issues an executive order banning sexual orientation discrimination in the public sector.
 The Connecticut Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities, in In re John/Jane Doe, rules that gender identity discrimination is included in the existing ban on sex discrimination in the private sector.

December
 The age of consent across the United Kingdom is equalised at 16. Previously, the age of consent was 18 for homosexual acts and 16 for heterosexual acts.  The equalisation took place after a long struggle, in which the Labour party eventually invoked the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949 after the House of Lords repeatedly blocked the bill. 
Tom Vilsack, governor of the U.S. state of Iowa, rescinds an executive order he issued in 1999 banning discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity in the public sector.  Vilsack would later reinstate the order for sexual orientation only.
 15 – Delaware governor Thomas Carper issues an executive order banning sexual orientation discrimination in the public sector.

Deaths
 December 18 – Hal Call, American businessman and homophile leader (Mattachine Society).

See also

Timeline of LGBT history – timeline of events from 12,000 BCE to present
LGBT rights by country or territory – current legal status around the world
LGBT social movements

References

LGBT rights by year
LGBT rights
Ulrich Zasius (1461 – 24 November 1535 or 1536) was a German jurist.

Biography
Zasius was born at Konstanz (current Baden-Württemberg) in 1461.

After studying at Tübingen he first became episcopal notary at Constance, then town clerk at Baden in Aargau in 1489, and at Freiburg in 1493. From 1496 to 1499 he directed the Latin school at Freiburg.

In 1499 he studied law at the University of Freiburg, was appointed lecturer of rhetoric and poetry there in 1500 and professor of jurisprudence in 1506. In 1502 he was also clerk of court at Freiburg. On April 2 of that year, he joined in with an alliance of burghers and scholars to attempt to expel the Jews of Waldkirch. In 1503, he was appointed legal adviser to the university.  In 1505 he authored a savage treatise assaulting Jewish parental rights which was published in Strasbourg in 1508.  In 1508, he was appointed imperial counselor. Applying the tendencies of the Humanists to jurisprudence, he scouted the strained and barbarous comments of the glossators and endeavoured to restore the genuine text. It was probably due to the literary controversies which he had with Eck, that he at first favoured the doctrines of Martin Luther. After 1521 he was a zealous opponent of Luther and died a firm adherent of the Roman Catholic faith.

He died at Freiburg in 1535 or 1536. His juridical works were published posthumously (Lyon, 1548, 1550–1; 3 vols., Frankfurt, 1590).

Works

References

Further reading
Steven Rowan: Ulrich Zasius : a jurist in the German Renaissance, 1461-1535, Frankfurt am Main, Vittorio Klostermann, 1987. (Ius commune. Sonderhefte : Studien zur europäischen Rechtsgeschichte ; 31)
Roderich von Stintzing: Ulrich Zasius : ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Rechtswissenschaft im Zeitalter der Reformation, Basel, Schweighauser, 1857.

1461 births
1536 deaths
People from Konstanz
Jurists from Baden-Württemberg
German Renaissance humanists
Imperial counts palatine
15th-century German jurists
16th-century German jurists
Tom Okker and Marty Riessen were the defending champions, but lost in the semifinals this year.

Jimmy Connors and Ilie Năstase won the title, defeating Bob Carmichael and Frew McMillan 6–3, 6–7, 6–2 in the final.

Seeds

Draw

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

External links
 Draw

1973 Doubles
1973 Grand Prix (tennis)
The Priaulx League  is the senior football league on the island of Guernsey, and is run by the Guernsey Football League Management LBG, (prior to 2016 the Guernsey Football Association). Although the league is affiliated with the English FA, it does not form a part of the English football league system. The winners of the Priaulx League go on to play the champions of the Jersey Combination for the Upton Park Trophy.

History 
The competition was first held in 1893; it is named in honour of O. Priaulx of Bury St. Edmunds, who donated £5 to purchase a trophy.

There are two other league competitions on the island (the Jackson League and Veterans League), but there is no promotion or relegation into or from these leagues.

In 2010 the league representative side (then called then Guernsey County League) defeated the Liverpool County Premier League 5–2 in the final of the FA National League System Cup and went on to represent England in the UEFA Regions Cup, being eliminated in the group stage in Macedonia.

Teams

The league lined up with the following teams for the 2023–24 season.

 Alderney
 Belgrave Wanderers
 Guernsey Rangers
 Guernsey Rovers
 Northerners
 St. Martins AC
 Sylvans
 Vale Recreation

Winners
Past winners of the league are:

Winners Tally 
Up to and including 2022-23 Season:

References

External links
 Results Website

Football leagues in Guernsey
Sports leagues established in 1893
1893 establishments in Guernsey
"Banned in the U.S.A." is a song recorded by the American hip hop group 2 Live Crew. It was released in May 1990 as the lead single from their fourth album of the same name. "Banned in the U.S.A." was also released on the alternate version of the album, credited as Luke's debut solo album, titled The Luke LP. The song peaked at number 20 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart and is the group's highest-charting song on that chart. It also reached number-one on the U.S. Billboard Hot Rap Tracks chart.

Content
The song is a reference to the decision in a court case that the 2 Live Crew's album As Nasty as They Wanna Be was obscene. (The decision would later be overturned on appeal.) It contains a sample of a Ronald Reagan impressionist proclaiming the United States' government to be a government "Of the people, for the people, by the people."

Charts

References

Political rap songs
1990 singles
2 Live Crew songs
Luther Campbell songs
1990 songs
Atlantic Records singles
Luke Records singles
The Cambridge-Somerville Youth Study was the first large-scale randomised experiment in the history of criminology. It was commissioned in 1936 by Dr. Richard Cabot, a Boston physician who proposed an experiment to evaluate the effects of early intervention in preventing or reducing rates of juvenile delinquency. It was started in 1939 by Edwin Powers and Helen Witmer.

Planning
For the study, 506 boys, ages 5 to 13 years old who lived in youth facilities in eastern Massachusetts, were selected and matched carefully into either a treatment group or a control group. The boys in the treatment group were assigned a counselor and received academic tutoring, medical and psychiatric attention, and referrals to YMCA, Boy Scouts, summer camps and community programs. Boys in the control group were only told to report regularly.

Follow-up studies
For the initial and ten year follow up, there was either no difference or a greater rate of negative results as reported by the authors. 30 years after the initial experiment about 95% of the participants were found by using public records and surveyed by Joan McCord.

McCord reported: The program had no impacts on juvenile arrest rates measured by official or unofficial records. The program also had no impacts on adult arrest rates. There were no differences between the two groups in the number of serious crimes committed, age at when a first crime was committed, age when first committing a serious crime, or age after no serious crime was committed. A larger proportion of criminals from the treatment group went on to commit additional crimes than their counterparts in the control group.

Later conclusions
In 1981, McCord published a study from new data she gathered about the original participants of the Cambridge-Somerville Youth Study. Compared to the control group of the study, she found that a significantly greater proportion of the treatment group

 were alcoholic 
 had serious mental health diagnoses 
 had stress-related diseases, especially heart-related
 had jobs with lower prestige
 expressed lower job satisfaction in blue-collar jobs

She formulated four hypotheses about why the program had some damaging results to the treatment group: 
(1) that counselors imposed middle-class values on lower-class youth which did not help the youth.
(2) that boys in the treatment group became dependent on counselors and, when the program ended, the boys lost a source of help.
(3) that the treatment group suffered a labeling effect.
(4) that the helpfulness of the counselors increased expectations of the boys in the treatment group which could not be sustained, resulting in disillusionment after the program was completed.

References

Further reading

 

; (@:ResearchGate), PDF
 
  
http://freakonomics.com/podcast/when-helping-hurts/

Healy, William, and Augusta Fox Bronner.  1969.  NEW LIGHT ON DELINQUENCY AND ITS TREATMENT : RESULTS OF A RESEARCH CONDUCTED FOR THE INSTITUTE OF HUMAN RELATIONS, YALE UNIVERSITY.  Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Manheim, Hermann (ed).  1960.  PIONEERS IN CRIMINOLOGY.  Chicago: Quadrangle Books.

Juvenile delinquency
A list of films produced in Brazil in 2009 (see 2009 in film):

2009

See also
2009 in Brazil
2009 in Brazilian television
List of 2009 box office number-one films in Brazil

References

2009
Films
Brazil
Liv Elisabeth Grannes  (28 June 1918 — 30 November 2004) was a Norwegian resistance member during World War II.

Early life 
Liv Grannes was born in Mosjøen in northern Norway on 28 June 1918. Her father, Jørgen Albert Grannes, was a teacher and organist and her mother was Emelie Anette (née Vedde). She had two younger brothers. Liv Grannes studied art at Orkdal High School, graduating in 1938.

Resistance activities 
In 1940, she was employed as an office lady at the police station in Mosjøen.

As a woman at the police station, she had a unique opportunity to provide assistance to the resistance during the Second World War. From the Spring of 1941 she was a permanent agent for the British Special Operations Executive (SOE), which conducted resistance work in Helgeland.

The Majavat affair

Activities in London 
After the Majavas tragedy, she had to flee to Sweden in 1942 and on to England. She continued her resistance work. In London she was in 1944 married to Birger Sjøberg.

In 1946, Liv Sjøberg, as she was then called, was decorated with George Medal by the British ambassador in Oslo.

Personal life 
In 1958, Liv Sjøberg married the Norwegian Minister of Justice, Jens Christian Hauge.

Death and legacy 

She died in Oslo on 30 November 2004.

Liv Grannes' road on Andås in Vefsn is named after her.

In 2021, a documentary film about Grannes resistance activities was made, titled "Jeanne D'Arc of the North".

See also 

 Norwegian resistance movement
List of recipients of the George Medal in the 1940s

References

1918 births
2004 deaths
Norwegian resistance members
Female resistance members of World War II
Special Operations Executive personnel
People from Helgeland
Recipients of the George Medal
Carved in Stone is the 19th studio album by the German heavy metal band Rage. The album includes a bonus DVD with their full show at Wacken Open Air in August 2007 (featuring a symphonic orchestra from Minsk, Belarus, which under the name Lingua Mortis Orchestra toured with Rage in Europe) plus the videos for the songs "Lord of the Flies" and "Open My Grave".

Track listing

Personnel

Band members
Peter "Peavy" Wagner - vocals, bass
Victor Smolski - guitars, keyboards, sitar, orchestral arrangements, mixing, mastering
André Hilgers - drums

Additional musicians
Thomas Hackmann, Jen Majura - backing vocals

Production
Ingo 'Charly' Czajkowski - producer, engineer
Charlie Bauerfeind - mixing, mastering
Thomas Geiger - additional digital editing

References 

2008 albums
Rage (German band) albums
Nuclear Blast albums
Events in the year 1889 in Chile.

Incumbents
President: Jose Manuel Balmaceda
President of the Senate of Chile: Domingo Santa Maria, Adolfo Eastman

Events
founding of Enersis
founding of Falabella (retail store)
founding of S.A.C.I. Falabella

Births
January 10 - Gabriela Mistral, poet (died 1957)

Deaths
July 1 - Domingo Santa Maria

References

 
1880s in Chile
Years of the 19th century in Chile
Chile
Genevieve Valentine (born 1981) is an American science fiction and fantasy writer. Her first novel, Mechanique: A tale of the Circus Tresaulti, won the Crawford Award for a first fantasy novel, and was shortlisted for the Nebula.

Her short stories have been nominated for multiple awards such as a Shirley Jackson award and World Fantasy awards.

Her second novel, a historical fiction and fairy tale retelling, The Girls at the Kingfisher Club was published in 2014.

She wrote The Persona Series for Saga Press (edited by Navah Wolfe), a science fiction thriller series which includes the novels Persona (2015) and Icon (2016).

From 2014 until 2015, Valentine scripted a new series for DC Comics featuring Catwoman, working with artists Garry Brown and David Messina. Afterwards, she worked on Batman and Robin Eternal as scripter.

Her new comic series Two Graves, illustrated by Annie Wu and Ming Doyle premiered in November 2022 from Image Comics.

Her cultural criticism has appeared at NPR.org, The AV Club, LA Review of Books, Vice, Vox, and The New York Times, among others.

Bibliography

Novels

Comics
Catwoman (The New 52)
Batman and Robin Eternal
Xena Warrior Princess
Two Graves

References

1981 births
Living people
American fantasy writers
21st-century American novelists
21st-century American women writers
Women science fiction and fantasy writers
Place of birth missing (living people)
American women novelists
DC Comics people
Pitch Black is the debut studio album by the Finnish melodic death metal band Rifftera. It was released in 2015 and reached position 37 in The Official Finnish Charts. The album features guest appearance from Björn "Speed" Strid of Soilwork on the track "Rotten to the Core".

Track listing 
All lyrics written by Janne Hietala.

Personnel

Rifftera 
 Janne Hietala – guitar, harsh vocals
 Mikko Kuoppamaa – guitar, clean vocals
 Antti Pöntinen – keyboards
 Jupe Karhu – bass

Guest musicians 
 Thomas Tunkkari – drums
 Björn "Speed" Strid (Soilwork) – vocals on "Rotten to the Core"

Production 
 Janne Hietala – production, engineering, mixing
 Mikko Kuoppamaa – engineering
 Sami Koivisto – engineering (drums), mastering
 Petri Lampela – cover art
 Heidi Järvi – photography

Charts

References

External links 
 Pitch Black (album) at Encyclopaedia Metallum
 Rifftera - Rotten to the Core video at YouTube
 Rifftera - Lightbringer video at YouTube

2015 debut albums
Rifftera albums
The Florida Complex League Tigers are a Rookie-level affiliate of the Detroit Tigers, competing in the Florida Complex League of Minor League Baseball. Prior to 2021, the team was known as the Gulf Coast League Tigers. The team plays its home games at Joker Marchant Stadium in Lakeland, Florida. The team is composed mainly of players who are in their first year of professional baseball either as draftees or non-drafted free agents from the United States, Canada, Dominican Republic, Venezuela, and various other countries.

History
The team first played in the Gulf Coast League (GCL) during the 1968 season. After then being absent for over 25 years, the team returned to the league in 1995 and has competed continuously since then.

Starting with the 2016 season, the team has fielded two squads in the league, differentiated with "East" and "West" suffixes. The second team was created due to the cancellation of the Venezuelan Summer League, which left the Tigers with a roster full of players with no team. Most of these players were assigned to one of the two GCL squads, although some were assigned to the Tigers affiliate in the Dominican Summer League.

Prior to the 2021 season, the Gulf Coast League was renamed as the Florida Complex League (FCL).

Rosters

Season-by-season

GCL Tigers East

GCL Tigers West

References

External links
 Official website (East)
 Official website (West)

Tigers
Detroit Tigers minor league affiliates
Tigers
Sports in Lakeland, Florida
Baseball teams established in 1968
1968 establishments in Florida
Shane Pumipi (born 13 April 1990) is a New Zealand professional rugby league footballer. He previously played for the St. George Illawarra Dragons in the National Rugby League. He primarily plays  and .

Background
Born in Dargaville, New Zealand, Pumipi played his junior football for Northland Rugby Union before switching to rugby league and playing for the Northcote Tigers. He was then signed by the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks. In 2006, Pumipi played for the Junior Kiwis Under-16s team.

Playing career
In 2008 and 2009, Pumipi played for the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks' NYC team before joining the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs mid-season in 2009 and playing on into 2010.

In 2011, Pumipi played for Bankstown Sports in the Bundaberg Cup before moving on to the Canterbury Bankstown Bulldogs New South Wales Cup team mid-season.

In 2012, Pumipi played for the New South Wales Residents team.

In 2013, Pumipi joined the Illawarra Cutters, the New South Wales Cup team of the St. George Illawarra Dragons, before gaining a contract with the Dragons.

In Round 12 of the 2014 NRL season, Pumipi made his NRL debut for the Dragons against the South Sydney Rabbitohs after his former New South Wales Cup coach from 2013, Paul McGregor was promoted to NRL coach following the sacking of Steve Price.

On 29 October 2014, Pumipi was released from the Dragons.

References

External links
2014 St. George Illawarra Dragons profile

1990 births
Living people
Illawarra Cutters players
New Zealand Māori rugby league players
New Zealand rugby league players
Northcote Tigers players
Rugby league five-eighths
Rugby league hookers
Rugby league players from Dargaville
St. George Illawarra Dragons players
Benton Lake is a 5,600 acre wetland in the U.S. state of Montana, and within both the Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge and the Benton Lake Wetland Management District.

Location and description 

The lake is in west-central Montana within both the Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge and the Benton Lake Wetland Management District. Benton Lake is located approximately 3 miles north west of Black Horse Lake.

The lake is a 5,600 acre shallow wetland with no natural outlets. Water volumes vary seasonally.

History 
The lake was created during the Pleistocene glacial period.

The Benton Lake Wetland Management District was created in 1929.

Ecology 

The lake hosts waterbirds, especially dabbing ducks.

References 

Great Falls, Montana
Lakes of Montana
Bodies of water of Cascade County, Montana
Wetlands of Montana