Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Book folding is the stage of the book production process in which the pages of the book are folded after printing and before binding.

Until the middle of the 19th century, book folding was done by hand, and was a trade.  In the 1880s and 1890s, book folding machines by Brown and Dexter came onto the market, and by the 1910s hand-folding was rare, with one publisher declaring them to be "practically obsolete" in 1914.

The folding process is also necessary to produce print products other than books—for instance mailings, magazines, leaflets etc.

Hand folding

Folding machines

Two main types of mechanisms are commonly employed in folding machines: buckle folders and knife folders.

Buckle folder
In a buckle folder, the paper is first passed through 2 spinning rollers, which feed the paper into a pair of guide plates that redirect the paper at a slight angle, bending the paper. At the far end of the guide plates is a "paper stop". As the rollers continue to spin, the paper continues to slide in between the guides until it hits the paper stop, then, having nowhere else to go, buckles at the interface between the rollers and the angled guides. As the rollers continue to spin, the buckle increases, until it is eventually caught by a pair of "nip" rollers, which pull the buckle in and compresses and flattens it into a neat crease.

Adjusting the paper stop in a buckle folder determines where the fold will be placed. Also, a buckle folder may contain only 3 rollers, with one shared by both the input rollers and the nip rollers.

Although buckle folders are fast, simple, efficient, and have small folding tolerances, they are not suitable for substrate of very low (<40g/m2) or very heavy paper grammage (>120g/m2).

Knife folder
In a knife folder, a sheet of paper is fed horizontally over 2 unpowered rollers until it hits a paper stop, at which point a dull blade pushes down on the paper and in between the 2 rollers to create the fold.

Although the knife folder is slower than buckle folders, it is more precise and can handle extreme grammages very well. It also has small folding tolerances, but is a more complex machine.

Folding variants

Parallel folds
Folding a paper more than once in the same direction (i.e. with parallel creases) is called parallel folding. Common examples of this are the half fold, letter fold, gate fold, and Z-fold.

Cross folds
A cross fold is when a paper is folded once, then rotated 90 degrees and folded again. The creases therefore cross each other at right angles. The most basic cross fold is the French fold, or right-angle fold. Other examples include the 16-page broadside and the 12-page letter.

See also
 Book
 Book publishing
 Paper size (influenced by the number of folds)
 Book Folding (art)

References

Book arts
Print production
Karakaş is a village in the Baskil District of Elazığ Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Herdî tribe and had a population of 163 in 2021.

The hamlets of Ardıçlı, Atlılar, Güllüce, Gürlenk, İpşir, Karakaş, Karameşe and Taşlık are attached to the village.

References

Villages in Baskil District
Kurdish settlements in Elazığ Province
Phrynocephalus luteoguttatus, the yellow-speckled toad-headed agama, is a species of agamid lizard found in Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan (Baluchistan) and possibly in India.

The type locality is between Nushki and Helmand (border between Afghanistan and Baluchistan).

References

 Boulenger, G. A. 1887 Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) III. Lacertidae, Gerrhosauridae, Scincidae, Anelytropsidae, Dibamidae, Chamaeleontidae. London: 575pp.
 Khan, M.S. 1980 Affinities and zoogeography of herptiles of Pakistan. Biologia, 26(1-2): 113-171
 Khan, M. S. 1999 A checklist and key to the phrynocephalid lizards of Pakistan, with ethnological notes (Squamata: Agamidae). Pakistan J. Zool. 31 (1): 17-24

External links
 http://itgmv1.fzk.de/www/itg/uetz/herp/photos/Prynocephalus_luteoguttatus.jpg
 http://itgmv1.fzk.de/www/itg/uetz/herp/photos/Prynocephalus_luteoguttat2.jpg
 http://itgmv1.fzk.de/www/itg/uetz/herp/photos/Prynocephalus_luteoguttatus3.jpg
 http://itgmv1.fzk.de/www/itg/uetz/herp/photos/Prynocephalus_luteoguttatus4.jpg
 http://www.biotropics.com/html/echsen.html

luteoguttatus
Reptiles of Pakistan
Reptiles described in 1887
Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger
Adlai Wertman (born August 22, 1959, in Queens, New York) is the David C. Bohnett Professor of Social Entrepreneurship at the Marshall School of Business at the University of Southern California. He is also the founding director of the Brittingham Social Enterprise Lab at Marshall, a center focused on using business education and resources to address global social, environmental and health challenges.

From 2001 to 2007, Wertman was president and CEO of Chrysalis, a non-profit, privately funded organization in Los Angeles, California, that helps homeless individuals secure employment through training and job placement. In 2005, Chrysalis helped 2,500 homeless people in Los Angeles find jobs.
  
In 2000, after 18 years as a Wall Street investment banker, Wertman left his job to run Chrysalis. His career switch, from investment banker managing director to homeless service provider, was profiled in the Los Angeles Times, The Jerusalem Post, Los Angeles Business Journal, and other publications.

In 2009, Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa appointed Wertman Commissioner of the Los Angeles Fire and Police Pension Fund, which oversees the city’s $14 billion uniformed employee pension portfolio. His term expired in 2011.

Wertman is an advisory board member of the Roberts Enterprise Development Fund (REDF) and the Global Health Institute at the Keck School of Medicine of USC and a trustee of the Jewish Community Foundation Los Angeles.

He is a senior fellow at the USC Center for Religion and Civic Culture and the UCLA School of Public Affairs. He is also a Wexner Heritage Fellow.

Wertman consults with numerous non-profits and government groups and is a frequent speaker on the issues of social entrepreneurship, social enterprise, fundraising and non-profit management.

Wertman earned his BA in econometrics from the State University of New York at Stony Brook and his MBA in finance, public policy management and strategic planning from The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. He lives in Los Angeles with his wife, Janet, and their three children: Liana, Holly, and Elon

References

External links 
 Society and Business Lab, USC Marshall School of Business

University of Southern California faculty
Stony Brook University alumni
Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania alumni
Living people
1959 births
People from Queens, New York
The Moses J. Taylor House, also known as the Dreamspinner Bed and Breakfast Inn, is a historic home in Eustis, Florida that has been operated as a bed and breakfast since about 1997.  It was built in about 1881 as a two-and-a-half-story private home with elements of Italianate architecture.  It was on a large property surrounded by citrus groves of the Taylor family until the land was split off for residential subdivisions built in the 1950s and 1960s.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.  The property then included four non-contributing structures in addition to the one contributing building.

Moses J. Taylor was involved in the incorporation of Eustis as a town and served as its first town clerk.

Italianate elements of the house include a cornice with decorative brackets, chamfered columns on its wraparound porch, and pedimented windows and doors.  Its gable ends include jig-sawn truss work that is described as Gothic Revival in style.

References

External links
 Lake County listings at Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida
National Register of Historic Places in Lake County, Florida
Bed and breakfasts in Florida
Houses in Lake County, Florida
Eustis, Florida
Larry Thompson, Lawrence Thompson or Laurence Thompson may refer to:

Larry R. Thompson, president of the Ringling College of Art plus Design in Sarasota, Florida
Larry Thompson (born 1945), American lawyer and deputy Attorney General of the United States under George W. Bush 
Laurence Thompson (1920–2005), USC professor of East Asian languages
Lawrence S. Thompson (1916–1986), University of Kentucky Director of Libraries
Larry A. Thompson (born 1944), American film producer
Larry Thompson (humorist) (died 1973), humorist with the Miami Herald
Larry Thompson (gridiron football), gridiron football wide receiver

See also
Laurence Tomson (1539–1608), editor
Jānis Straume (born 27 August 1962 in Sigulda, Latvian SSR) is a former Latvian politician for For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK (TB/LNNK).  He was the fourth Speaker of the Saeima (1998–2002) since 1991.

Straume was a leading member of a number of organisations in the Latvian independence movement, including Helsinki-86, the Latvian National Independence Movement, the Citizens' Congress, and the 18th November Union.

When the 18th November Union merged into For Fatherland and Freedom, he became a member of that party.  He served as the Speaker of the Saeima from 1998 to 2002, during the 7th Saeima. He was chairman of the TB/LNNK from 2002 to 2006, during the 8th Saeima, when he was also Deputy Chairman of the Saeima.

Footnotes

|-

1962 births
Living people
People from Sigulda
Latvian National Independence Movement politicians
For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK politicians
Speakers of the Saeima
Deputies of the 5th Saeima
Deputies of the 6th Saeima
Deputies of the 7th Saeima
Deputies of the 8th Saeima
Riga Stradiņš University alumni
Kardzhali Point (, ‘Nos Kardzhali’ \'nos 'k&r-dzha-li\) is the rocky point forming the south side of the entrance to Ograzhden Cove on the northwest coast of Ray Promontory of Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It is situated 680 m south of Essex Point, 1.23 km east-northeast of Isbul Point and 1.98 km east-northeast of Start Point.

The feature is part of the Antarctic Specially Protected Area ASPA 126 Byers Peninsula, situated in one of its restricted zones.

The point is named after the town of Kardzhali in southern Bulgaria.

Location
Kardzhali Point is located at .  British mapping in 1968, Spanish in 1993 and Bulgarian in 2009.

Maps
 Península Byers, Isla Livingston. Mapa topográfico a escala 1:25000. Madrid: Servicio Geográfico del Ejército, 1992.
 L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2010.  (First edition 2009. )
 Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
 L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Smith Island. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2017.

Notes

References
 Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)

External links
 Kardzhali Point. Copernix satellite image

Headlands of Livingston Island
Bulgaria and the Antarctic
This is a list of weapons used by the Luxembourg Army.

Weapons

Standard small arms and heavy weapon

Former small arms and heavy weapons

Pistols 
 Browning Hi-Power
 M1911 pistol
 Webley Revolver

Sub-machine guns 
 Sten 9×19 Parabellum
 Thompson submachine gun .45 ACP
 Sola submachine gun 9×19 Parabellum
 Uzi 9×19 Parabellum

Rifles 
 Karabiner 98k 7.92x57mm IS
 Ross rifle .303 British
 Pattern 1914 Enfield .303 British
 Lee–Enfield .303 British
 FN Model 1949 .30–06 Springfield
 FN FAL 7.62×51 NATO

Machine guns 
 Bren light machine gun .303 British
 FN BAR .30-06 Springfield
 Vickers machine gun .303 British
 M1919 Browning machine gun .30-06 Springfield
 M60 machine gun 7.62x51mm NATO

Anti-tank weapons 
 Boys anti-tank rifle .55 Boys
 PIAT
 Bazooka
 M18 recoilless rifle
 M20 recoilless rifle
 M40 recoilless rifle

Mortars 
 Two-inch mortar
 Ordnance ML 3 inch Mortar
 M19 mortar
 M1 mortar
 M2 4.2-inch mortar
 L16 81mm mortar

Vehicles

In 2028, both the Dingos and Humvees will be replaced by 80 Eagle V equipped with a .50 remote weapon station and sensor equipment as "Command, Liaison and Reconnaissance Vehicles".

References

Luxembourg Army
Luxembourg-related lists
Jón Helgason (21 June 1866 – 19 March 1942) was an Icelandic theologian who served as Bishop of Iceland from 1917 till 1939.

Biography
Helgason was born in Álftanes, on June 21, 1866, the son of the Reverend Helgi Hálfdanarson, later the rector of the Prestaskólinn (the Icelandic Seminary), and his wife Þórhildur Tómasdóttir. He came from a well-known family, including his grandfather Tómas Sæmundsson, a professor at Breiðabólstaður. Jón studied at the Reykjavik School between 1880 and 1886, then completed his degree and sailed the same summer in Copenhagen, where he completed various university degrees, including in Theology in 1892. He was taught in Reykjavík between 1892 and 1893, worked at a church in Denmark in 1893, completed two further examinations from the school in Höfn in 1894 and then travelled through Germany with a grant from the Danish government. There he learned about the German Bible and the publications of the prehistoric liberal theology.

In 1908 he was appointed director of the Prestaskóli. He was professor of theology at the University of Iceland 1911-1916, Dean of the Faculty of Theology for several years and the rector of the university between 1914 and 1915. Appointed Bishop of Iceland in 1916 and consecrated in 1917, and was granted an honorary doctorate in theology from the University of Copenhagen that same year and from the University of Iceland in 1936. He retired on January 1, 1939.

He wrote numerous books including:
Uppruni Nýja testamentisins, 1904
Almenn kristnisaga I-IV, 1912–30
Grundvöllurinn er Kristur, 1915
Þegar Reykjavík var 14 vetra, 1916
Hirðisbréf, 1917
Islands Kirke I-II, Kh. 1922-25
Kristnisaga Íslands I-II, 1925–27
Íslendingar í Danmörku, 1931
Kristur vort líf, predikanir, 1932
Meistari Hálfdan, 1935
Hannes Finnsson biskup, 1936
Jón Halldórsson í Hítardal, 1939
Tómas Sæmundsson, 1941
Þeir sem settu svip á bæinn, 1941
Árbækur Reykjavíkur 1786-1936, 1941

References 

1866 births
1942 deaths
Jón Helgason
20th-century Lutheran bishops
Academic staff of the University of Iceland
Rectors of the University of Iceland
USS Cuttyhunk Island (AG-75/AKS-23) was a Belle Isle-class miscellaneous auxiliary acquired by the U.S. Navy during World War II. Cuttyhunk Island was built as the war was coming to an end, and was used as a transport. She was later classified as a stores ship and eventually scrapped.

Constructed at Portland, Maine
Cuttyhunk Island (AG-75) was launched 26 November 1944 by New England Shipbuilding Corporation, South Portland, Maine, under a U.S. Maritime Commission contract; sponsored by Mrs. M. M. Dayo.

World War II-related service
Cuttyhunk Island was acquired by the Navy 7 December 1944; outfitted at Eureka Shipbuilding Corp., Newburg, New York; and commissioned 1 September 1945.

Cuttyhunk Island departed Norfolk, Virginia, 24 November 1945 to carry troops from Bermuda to Boston, Massachusetts.

Post-war decommissioning
She reported to Orange, Texas, 31 January 1946, and there was placed out of commission in reserve 3 May 1946. She was reclassified General Stores Issue Ship AKS-23, 18 August 1951.

References
 
 NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive - AG-75 / AKS-23 Cuttyhunk Island

Basilan-class auxiliary ships
Ships built in Portland, Maine
1944 ships
World War II auxiliary ships of the United States
Liberty ships
Gymnarchus niloticus – commonly known as the aba, aba aba, frankfish, freshwater rat-tail, poisson-cheval, or African knifefish – is an electric fish, and the only species in the genus Gymnarchus and the family Gymnarchidae within the order Osteoglossiformes. It is found in swamps, lakes and rivers in the Nile, Turkana, Chad, Niger, Volta, Senegal, and Gambia basins.

Description and biology

G. niloticus has a long and slender body, with no caudal, pelvic, or anal fins. The dorsal fin is elongated, running along the back of the fish towards the blunt, finless tail, and is the main source of propulsion. It grows up to  in length and  in weight.

G. niloticus is nocturnal and has a poor vision. Instead, it navigates and hunts smaller fish using a weak electric field, as demonstrated by the zoologist Hans Lissmann in 1950, when he noticed that it could swim equally well forwards or backwards, clearly relying on a sense other than vision. This opened up research into electroreception and electrogenesis in fish. Like the related elephantfish, which hunts the same way, it possesses an unusually large brain, which is believed to help it interpret the electrical signals. It can make its tail negatively charged with respect to its head. This produces a symmetrical electric field around its body. Nearby objects distort this field, and it can sense the distortion on its skin.

G. niloticus females lay their eggs in floating nests up to  across. The adults continue to guard the young after hatching. The sperm cells lack a flagellum, moving like an amoeba instead.

References

Osteoglossiformes
Fish of Lake Turkana
Monotypic ray-finned fish genera
Taxa named by Georges Cuvier
Kentucky Route 1681 (KY 1681) is a  state highway in Kentucky that runs from Kentucky Route 1659 immediately north of Millville to U.S. Route 60, Kentucky Route 922, and Manchester Street on the northwestern side of downtown Lexington.

Route description 
The highway originates in northwestern Woodford County at a junction with KY 1659 at Millville. It then goes through parts of southeastern Franklin County, where it runs concurrently with U.S. Route 60 (US 60) for  before KY 1681 returns to Woodford County, under the alternate name Old Frankfort Pike. This stretch of road was part of the original thoroughfare between Frankfort and Lexington. The route passes the site of Woodburn Stud, the birthplace of Kentucky's thoroughbred industry. The farm is now operated under the name Airdrie Stud.

The highway runs through mainly rural areas of Woodford County, including the point where it intersects US 62. It enters Fayette County (Metro Lexington), and then intersects New Circle Road upon entry into the city. It ends at a junction with US 60, KY 922, and Manchester Street in northwestern downtown Lexington.

History

KY 1861 formerly traveled along Manchester Street past its current terminus at US 60 and KY 922 to a junction with KY 1928 (Jefferson Street) in downtown Lexington near the Mary Todd Lincoln Home and Rupp Arena.

Major intersections

References

1681
Transportation in Lexington, Kentucky
Transportation in Franklin County, Kentucky
Transportation in Woodford County, Kentucky
The 1909 Dickinson Red and White football team was an American football team that represented Dickinson College as an independent during the 1909 college football season. The team compiled a 4–4–1 record and was outscored by a total of 85 to 77. Paul G. Smith was the head coach.

Schedule

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References

Dickinson
Dickinson Red Devils football seasons
Dickinson Red and White football
"Stronger Together" is the second single from freestyle singer Shannon's second album Do You Wanna Get Away.

Track listing
US 12" single

Charts

References

External links

1985 singles
Shannon (singer) songs
Song recordings produced by Chris Barbosa
Mirage Records singles
1985 songs
SAP is a file format that stores music data from Atari 8-bit computers that uses the POKEY sound chip. Most popular tunes were written between 1981-1987.

The format is similar to the SID, SPC or NSF formats, in that it is a music data format which is supported by a player, which emulates the central processing unit and sound hardware of the original hardware in order to play music.

SAP files can be played by a SAP player or plugin, currently available for a wide variety of platforms. For instance, on the Macintosh platform, VLC version 2 and above, both on PowerPC and Intel architectures, can play SAP files. In addition, tools exist to convert SAP files to other formats.

References

External links
SAP Format Specification
ASMA — Atari SAP Music Archive A collection of players and music
ASAP — Another Slight Atari Player SAP player (POKEY and 6502 emulation core + plugins for various music players)

Atari 8-bit family
Audio storage
Video game music file formats
, is a neighborhood in Kita, Tokyo, located near the border with Saitama Prefecture.  
Its postal code is 115–0045. Akabane is popular as a residential neighborhood due to its direct train access to much of central Tokyo.

Education
Akabane's elementary and junior high schools are operated by the City of Kita Board of Education.

Different portions of Akabane are zoned to different elementary schools depending on what address the resident has:
 Akabane Elementary School (赤羽小学校)
 No. 4 Iwabuchi Elementary School (第四岩淵小学校)

All of Akabane is zoned to Akabaneiwabuchi Junior High School (赤羽岩淵中学校).

Transport
Akabane Station is located in the neighborhood and is a stop on four different train lines operated by the East Japan Railway Company.

References

External links
 Government website

Kita, Tokyo
Neighborhoods of Tokyo
Classificatie van verrichtingen is a Dutch system of health coding procedures.

It is based on ICD-9-CM (the International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modification), but not identical to it.

It is abbreviated "CvV".

References

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20120324141653/http://www.hsmr.nl/faq/veelgestelde-vragen-codering

Clinical procedure classification
Healthcare in the Netherlands
Eric Smith may refer to:

Sports
Eric Smith (safety) (born 1983), American former football player and assistant coach
Eric Smith (offensive lineman) (born 1995), American football offensive tackle
Eric Smith (wide receiver) (born 1971), American football wide receiver
Eric Smith (Scottish footballer) (1934–1991), Scottish international footballer who played for Celtic and Leeds United
Eric Smith (Swedish footballer) (born 1997), Swedish football midfielder
Eric Smith (canoeist) (born 1964), Canadian Olympic sprint canoeist

Politics
Eric Smith (British politician) (1908–1951), British Conservative politician, MP, 1950–1951
Eric B. Smith (born 1942), American politician in Florida
Eric J. Smith (Michigan politician), prosecuting attorney of Macomb County, Michigan
Eric Smith (Kansas politician), member of the Kansas House of Representatives

Other
Eric Smith (artist) (1919–2017), Australian artist
Eric Smith (British Army officer) (1923–1998), British Army officer and military historian
Eric Smith (general) (fl. 1980s–2020s), United States Marine Corps general
Eric Smith (sportscaster) (born 1975), Canadian basketball analyst and Toronto Raptors radio sportscaster
Eric Smith (murderer) (born 1980), American murderer, convicted of killing a 4-year-old boy when he was 13 years old
Eric J. Smith (educator) (fl. 1970s–2010s), American educator in Florida
Eric Ledell Smith (1949–2008), American historian and author

See also
Erik Smith (1931–2004), German-born British music producer
Eric Smyth, Northern Irish politician
Eric Dorman-Smith (1895–1969), British Army soldier