Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
John Albert Gregory (9 September 1878 – 22 January 1955) was a Canadian politician, serving in municipal, provincial and federal governments. He was born in Exeter, Ontario and became a businessman and school principal by career. His father, Thomas Gregory, had been principal of the high school in Exter.

After attending schools in Exeter, Goderich and London, he moved to western Canada for law studies.

For twelve terms, he was mayor of the community of North Battleford, Saskatchewan. Gregory was also a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan from 1934 to 1940 at The Battlefords provincial riding.

He was first elected as a Liberal party candidate for the House of Commons at The Battlefords riding in the 1940 general election. After serving one term in the House of Commons, Gregory was defeated by Max Campbell of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation in the 1945 federal election.

References

External links
 

1878 births
1955 deaths
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Mayors of places in Saskatchewan
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Saskatchewan
People from Huron County, Ontario
Saskatchewan Liberal Party MLAs
People from North Battleford
The Bornean flat-headed frog (Barbourula kalimantanensis) is a species of frog in the family Bombinatoridae. Although many salamanders are lungless, the Bornean flat-headed frog is the first frog known to have no lungs.

Djoko Iskandar, an Indonesian zoologist, first described the Bornean flat-headed frog based on a single specimen. However, he did not know the frog was lungless until he was in the field with David Bickford's expedition. Bickford et al. were able to dissect some of the specimens and discovered for the first time that the frogs had no lungs. The frog breathes entirely through its skin, and its internal organs (the stomach, spleen and the liver) take up much of the space which normally would be filled by the lungs. By retaining the lunglessness of their tadpole stage, the frogs are much flatter than typical frogs, which might help absorb oxygen and avoid being swept away in fast streams.

Description
This frog grows to a snout-to-vent length of  for females and males are slightly smaller. It has a dorsoventrally flattened body with a broad head with a rounded snout. The limbs are robust and both hands and feet are fully webbed. The dorsal skin is smooth with small tubercles on the posterior end and the hind legs and the ventral skin is smooth. Its general colour is brown with black mottling.

Distribution and habitat
This aquatic frog lives in cold, clear, and fast rivers in remote areas of the rain forests of Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo. It is known from only two localities, both in the Kapuas River basin.

Status
The Bornean flat-headed frog is listed as Endangered by the IUCN. It is threatened by habitat loss from severe degradation of the river habitats because of increased turbidity and toxic metals used in mining and other negative consequences of development on the island.

See also 
Lungless salamander

References

External links
CBC: Gasp! Scientists find first lungless frog
 http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/imgs/512x768/1111_1111/1111/7442.jpeg
 Science Daily article
 New Scientist article

Barbourula
Amphibians of Indonesia
Endemic fauna of Borneo
Endemic fauna of Indonesia
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Amphibians described in 1978
Amphibians of Borneo
Active defense can refer to a defensive strategy in the military or cybersecurity arena.

In the cybersecurity arena, active defense may mean "asymmetric defenses," namely defenses that increase costs to cyber-adversaries by reducing costs to cyber-defenders. For example, an active defense data protection strategy leverages dynamic data movement, distribution, and re-encryption to make data harder to attack, steal, or destroy. Prior data protection approaches relied on encryption of data at rest, which leaves data vulnerable to attacks including stealing of ciphertext, cryptographic attack, attacks on encryption keys, destruction of encrypted data, ransomware attacks, insider attacks, and others. Three ACM computing conferences have explored Moving Target Defense as a strategy for network and application-level security as well, for instance by rotating IP addresses or dynamically changing network topologies. Production implementations of MTD are provided by companies for applications including legacy systems, communications, and election security. Additionally, "active defense measures" are often another term used to define and refer to offensive cyber operations (OCOs) or computer network attacks (CNAs).

Some have defined active defenses as including of deception or honeypots, which seek to confuse attackers with traps and advanced forensics. Examples of such honeypot technologies include Illusive Networks, TrapX, Cymmetria, Attivo, and others. Other types of active defenses might include automated incident response, which attempts to tie together different response strategies in order to increase work for attackers and decrease work for defenders.

The Department of Defense defines active defense as:  "The employment of limited offensive action and counterattacks to deny a contested area or position to the enemy." This definition does not specify whether it refers to physical actions, or cyber-related actions. Recently, the Department of Homeland Security and financial institutions have identified Active Defense as a top priority for security industrial infrastructure systems. As part of a broader push for greater resiliency, the National Institute of Standards and Technology 800-160 Volume 2 framework has gone further, providing guidance on standardization for active defense.

See also
Moving Target Defense
 Proactive cyber defence
 Software-defined networking
 The Concept of Active Defence in China's Military Strategy

References

Military doctrines
Military strategy
Sceloporus formosus, the Mexican emerald spiny lizard, is a species of lizard in the family Phrynosomatidae. It is endemic to Mexico.

References

Sceloporus
Endemic reptiles of Mexico
Reptiles described in 1834
Taxa named by Arend Friedrich August Wiegmann
Matthew MacFadzean is an actor and writer. As an actor, he has worked at theatres across Canada, including both the Shaw and Stratford Shakespeare festivals, and on numerous TV shows.  He has written and produced ten plays, the most notable works including richardthesecond, and the multi-Dora award winning The Mill.  He attended McGill University, the National Theatre School of Canada, and studied television writing at the Canadian Film Centre.  He currently acts and writes for television.  He is the winner of many awards including the prestigious Fox Foundation Scholarship.  MacFadzean is the youngest of three children.

Filmography

Witness Insecurity - 2011
InSecurity - 2011
Rookie Blue - 2010
Human Resource - 2009
The B Team - 2009
Time Bomb - 2008
Nuremberg: Nazis on Trial - 2006
Sohni Sapna (Beautiful Dream) - 2005
Sohni Sapna - 2005

Murdoch Mysteries - 2004 - 2005
The Eleventh Hour - 2004
Street Time - 2003
Owning Mahowny - 2003
Mutant X - 2001-2002
You've Got a Friend - 2002
The Big Heist - 2001
Exhibit A: Secrets of Forensic Science - 1997

References

1972 births
Living people
Canadian male television actors
Canadian male film actors
Canadian male stage actors
20th-century Canadian dramatists and playwrights
21st-century Canadian dramatists and playwrights
McGill University alumni
Canadian Film Centre alumni
National Theatre School of Canada alumni
Canadian male dramatists and playwrights
20th-century Canadian male writers
21st-century Canadian male writers
Rev. Gregory Gerrer, OSB (July 23, 1867August 24, 1946) was a Benedictine Priest at Sacred Heart Abbey (later, St. Gregory's Abbey), artist, art historian and museum founder.

Art career
From 1900 to 1904, Gerrer studied art in Rome. Shortly after the election of Pope Pius X, Gerrer participated in a competition of artists to paint the official portrait of the new pope. When Pius saw the finished portrait by Gerrer, he selected it to be his portrait. Pius said that he choose it because the artist painted him true to life and did not minimize his facial warts.

Gerrer also painted portraits of two World War I Choctaw code talkers: Otis Leader and Joseph Oklahombi.

The largest collection of his paintings is at the Mabee-Gerrer Museum of Art in Shawnee, Oklahoma. His work is also in the Vatican art collection, Rome, Snite Museum of Art in South Bend, Indiana, and Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art in Norman, Oklahoma.

Gerrer was a co-founder and first president of the Association of Oklahoma Artists.

Notable portraits 
 Pope Pius X
 Joseph Oklahombi
 Otis Leader
 John Benjamin Murphy

Honors

Gerrer was inducted into the Oklahoma Hall of Fame in 1931.

The University of Notre Dame conferred an honorary Doctor of Laws degree to Gerrer.

References

1867 births
1946 deaths
American Benedictines
Painters from Oklahoma
People from Ortenaukreis
St. Gregory's University
19th-century American painters
American male painters
20th-century American painters
19th-century American male artists
20th-century American male artists
Shirvani or Shiruni () may refer to:
 Shirvani, Fars
 Shirvani, West Azerbaijan

See also
Shirvan (disambiguation)
Moments is the third studio album by Norwegian pop duo Marcus & Martinus. The album was released by Sony Music Entertainment on 17 November 2017 and peaked at number 1 on both the Norwegian VG-lista albums chart and the Swedish Sverigetopplistan albums chart.

Singles
"Like It Like It" was released as the lead single from the album on 19 May 2017. The song has peaked at number 16 on the Norwegian Singles Chart and number 48 on the Swedish Singles Chart. "First Kiss" was released as the second single from the album on 23 June 2017. The song has peaked at number 15 on the Norwegian Singles Chart and number 52 on the Swedish Singles Chart. "Dance with You" was released as the third single from the album on 28 July 2017. The song has peaked at number 40 on the Norwegian Singles Chart and number 48 on the Swedish Singles Chart. "Make You Believe in Love" was released as the fourth single from the album on 29 September 2017. The song has peaked at number 34 on the Norwegian Singles Chart and number 47 on the Swedish Singles Chart. "One Flight Away" was released as the fifth single from the album on 3 November 2017. The song has peaked at number 20 on the Norwegian Singles Chart and number 79 on the Swedish Singles Chart. "Never" was released as the sixth single from the album on 15 November 2017. "Remind Me" was released as the seventh single from the album on 26 January 2018. The song has peaked at number 40 on the Norwegian Singles Chart and number 63 on the Swedish Singles Chart.

Track listing

Charts

Release history

References

2017 albums
Bartłomiej Socha (born August 26, 1981 in Zabrze) is a Polish footballer who plays for Silesia Lubomia.

External links
 

1981 births
Living people
Polish men's footballers
Stal Mielec players
Zagłębie Sosnowiec players
Odra Wodzisław Śląski players
Górnik Konin players
Górnik Zabrze players
Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała players
Kolejarz Stróże players
Footballers from Zabrze
Men's association football forwards
Borowski v Canada (AG), [1989] 1 S.C.R. 342 is the leading Supreme Court of Canada decision on mootness of an appealed legal issue.  The Court declined to decide whether the fetus had a right to life under sections 7 and 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.  Had they found in favour of Borowski, laws against abortion in Canada would have to have been again enacted.  Thus, along with the later Supreme Court case Tremblay v Daigle (1989), Borowski "closed off litigation opportunities" by anti-abortion activists.

Background
Joseph Borowski was an anti-abortion activist in Saskatchewan who wanted to challenge the abortion provisions under section 251 of the Criminal Code as violations of the Charter rights to life, security of person and equality of the foetus (because he felt the types of abortions permitted by the Therapeutic Abortion Committees were too liberal). He had previously been successful in gaining public interest standing to challenge the abortion law in the decision of Minister of Justice of Canada v. Borowski, [1981] 2 S.C.R. 575.

At trial the Court of Queen's Bench found that there was no violation as the foetus was not protected by the Charter rights that were argued. The Court of Appeal agreed that sections 7 and 15 did not apply.

The issues of appeal to the Supreme Court were concerning the constitutionality of section 251, given Borowski's arguments that it was too permissive in allowing for abortions.  However, the earlier decision of R. v. Morgentaler had already struck down the provision (as being too restrictive on abortion, and therefore breaching the mother's rights under section 7) and so it could not be at issue. As the section had been struck down, the primary issue instead concerned whether Borowski had lost his standing.

Opinion of the Court
Justice Sopinka wrote the decision for a unanimous Court. He held that the appeal was moot and that Borowski had lost his standing.

Sopinka characterized the doctrine of mootness as part of a general policy of the court to decline to hear hypothetical and abstract questions. He described a two step test for determining whether the issue is justiciable. First, the Court must determine "whether the requisite tangible and concrete dispute has disappeared rendering the issues academic," and if so, the court must decide whether it should exercise its discretion to hear the case anyway.

Sopinka found that the "live controversy" had disappeared with the striking down of section 251 of the Criminal Code, and that the Court should not exercise its discretion in these circumstances.

See also
 List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (Dickson Court)
 Fetal Rights

References

External links
 

Supreme Court of Canada cases
Canadian abortion case law
1989 in Canadian case law
Shikolenko is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Natalya Shikolenko (born 1964), Belarusian javelin thrower
 Tatyana Shikolenko (born 1968), Russian-Belarusian javelin thrower
The following is a list of football stadiums in Botswana, ordered by capacity.

List

See also
List of association football stadiums by capacity
List of African stadiums by capacity

References
World Stadiums – Stadiums in Botswana. Retrieved 21 June 2012
worldstadia.com:: Stadiums in Botswana. Retrieved 21 June 2012
Botswana Football

 
Botswana
Football stadiums
Thomas Lopham (died 1416), of Little Carlton, Cambridgeshire, was an English politician.

Family
Lopham was the son and heir of John Lopham of Little Carlton and his wife, Margaret.

Career
He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Cambridgeshire in November 1414.

References

14th-century births
1416 deaths
English MPs November 1414
People from Cambridgeshire
Serjeants-at-law (England)
Stefan Nenadović (born 4 January 1991) is a Montenegrin footballer who plays for Italian side Vertovese.

Club career
Born in Titograd, capital of Montenegro during the breakup of SFR Yugoslavia and Yugoslav Wars, Nenadović moved to Italy at young age. He played for Inter's Giovanissimi Nazionali team and won the league champion in 2006. In 2007, he left Inter's Allievi Regionali team and signed a youth contract with Monza. Since 2008–09 season, Inter either sold or loaned several players to Monza and reunited with Nenadović. With former Inter players formed the backbone of Monza's Berretti team, they finished as the league runner-up. He also played once for the first team in January 2010. He was released on 16 July 2010. He then signed by OFK Bar. He later played in the Italian lower leagues.

He holds both Serbian and Montenegrin citizenships.

International career
He capped 5 times for Montenegro U19 team, all in friendlies (Macedonia, Greece (twice) Serbia, and Belgium).

Honours
Champion
Campionato Giovanissimi Nazionali: 2006 (Inter youth)
Runner-up
Campionato Nazionale Dante Berretti: 2009 (Monza youth)

References

External links
 FA of Montenegro Profile 

1991 births
Living people
Footballers from Podgorica
Men's association football midfielders
Montenegrin men's footballers
Montenegro men's youth international footballers
Inter Milan players
AC Monza players
OFK Bar players
Promozione players
Eccellenza players
Serie D players
Montenegrin expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
Montenegrin expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Holly Grove Christian School is a Christian private school located in Westover, Somerset County, Maryland. The school was established in 1976 by Holly Grove Mennonite Church.

Academics 
Holly Grove is accredited by ACSI and the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools.

Lower School 
Holly Grove offers classes for lower-school students from grade level PreK-4 up through 6th Grade.

Middle and High School 
Holly Grove offers core subject classes for middle and high school students as well as elective classes. These electives include Business, Music, Art, and Spanish 1-3. Holly Grove's AP offerings include Literature, Language, Statistics, Calculus AB, World History, and US History. Holly Grove also offers online classes.

Demographics 
The demographic breakdown of the 551 students enrolled in the 2017-2018 school year was:
 Asian - 2.90%
 Black - 3.81%
 Hispanic - 0.91%
 White - 86.21%
 Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander - 0.18%

References 

Schools in Somerset County, Maryland
Christian schools in Maryland
Mennonite schools in the United States
Mennonitism in Maryland
Westover, Maryland
Jorge Lucar Figueroa (born 6 January 1934) was a Chilean Army general and member of the Government Junta that ruled Chile from 1973–1990.  He served on the junta as a member from January 2 to March 11, 1990.

References

Living people
Chilean Army generals
1934 births
20th-century Chilean military personnel
Car-free walking is a movement in the United Kingdom that aims to encourage people who take recreational walks to use public transport instead of a car to get to their starting point.

Principles 
Car-free walking was created to encourage walkers to use public transport rather than using cars to reach the start of a walk. This is to reduce the number of cars in the countryside, particularly in National Parks, which can cause congestion and inappropriate parking. It is also to support bus and train services in rural areas. Encouraging people not to use their cars is also one of the key aspects of efforts to combat climate change caused through greenhouse gas emissions.

Benefits 
Car-free walking has environmental benefits, because it encourages people not to use a car and provides information on how to do this. It also supports public transport in rural areas. The benefits for the walker include the opportunity to walk linear routes that start and finish in different places and the chance to have a drink at the end of the walk without then having to drive. Many of the walking routes suggest a pub at the end of the walk.

Supporters 
Many organisations encourage their members to use public transport when walking. Prominent supporters of this approach include the Youth Hostel Association through its Empty Roads website and the Ramblers Association

Websites 
Car Free Walks is an internet-based project to collect car-free walking routes from around the UK. People can find car-free walks throughout the UK or add their own walks. Car Free Walks is part of the growing car-free movement around the world. It has won a number of environmentally themed awards. The website was created in September 2007 by a group of keen walkers based in Brighton, UK, and features walks in England, Scotland and Wales as well as a news and blog section. Walks on the site can be accessed free of charge, including GPX-downloads (which requires registration) and printer-friendly versions of each walk. The website provides up-to-date information about public transport to and from the walk through links to the Transport Direct website. Site visitors can submit their own walks via a walk editor and participate in a quarterly prize draw.

There are many local websites describing walks in a particular region or from a particular railway line, including:
 East Suffolk Line Walks
 Rail Rambles (Wales)
 Car free walks from Richmond (Yorkshire)
 Car free Walks in the Thames Valley and Chilterns

Books 
There are several books of car-free walking routes.
 
 
  - routes accessible by the 555 bus route from Lancaster to Kendal

See also 
 15 minute city
 Carfree city
 Greenway (landscape)
 Pedestrian zone
 Walkability
 Walking audit

References

External links 
 Car Free Walks
 East Suffolk Line Walks
 Rail Rambles 
 Car free walks from Richmond, Yorkshire
 Car free Walks in the Thames Valley and Chilterns
 old-classic-cars

Car-free movement
Walking in the United Kingdom
Rizgar Mohammed Amin () (born 1957) is the former chief judge of the Iraqi Special Tribunal's Al-Dujail trial. He is the only judge whose name was revealed on the trial's opening on 19 October 2005, the names of the other four judges and all but two of his four colleagues faces not allowed to be shown during the televised portions of the trial.(Telegraph.co.uk - 12:30AM GMT 15 January 2006)

Amin graduated from the Law School of Baghdad University in 1980. He is an ethnic Kurd, though he has no record of political activism, or connections to the Peshmerga. He was a regional judge during the presidency of Saddam Hussein. Amin lives in Sulaymaniyah with his wife Nazanin Ahmed (born 1962) and four children, born between 1990 and 2001.

Because he had refused to join the Ba'ath party, he was only admitted to the college of judges in 1990, after working in a subordinate position for ten years. Amin was appointed chief judge of the regional court by Jalal Talabani in the mid-1990s.

On 14 January 2006, he resigned as chief judge of the trials of Saddam Hussein, due to government interference and harsh public criticism. He was replaced by Rauf Rashid Abd al-Rahman.

External links
Saddam Hussein judge to quit trial, friend says, Guardian Unlimited 14 January 2006
Saddam trial judge offers to quit, BBC News 15 January 2006
Pressure on Saddam judge to stay in job, Guardian Unlimited 16 January 2006
 Iraq court names new Saddam judge, BBC News 23 January 2006

20th-century Iraqi judges
Iraqi Kurdish people
1957 births
Living people
University of Baghdad alumni
21st-century Iraqi judges