Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Gruta do Janelão (MG-199) is a limestone cave located inside the Cavernas do Peruaçu National Park, in the municipality of Januária, Minas Gerais, Brazil. This cave is the largest in the valley, totaling 4,740 m of horizontal extension and elevation of 176m. Because it has several skylights letting the sun in, small forests that resemble Japanese gardens by the delicacy and harmony are formed everywhere, all by the banks of the Peruaçu River which runs through the Janelão grotto. It has the largest stalactite already registered measuring 28 meters long.

Geology
In the northwest of the state of Minas Gerais, the left bank of the Rio Sao Francisco shows a set of caves and archaeological sites with cave paintings scattered on a ten feet wall which stand out in bold and striking colors and a doline is the big window through which a panoramic view over the entrance of the cave and its first two of many skylights that would spread over the next 3.5 km of the path with interesting stalagmite and stalactite formations appearing along the way, with the biggest stalagmite ever recorded mesuaring 28 meters long.

The Peruaçu river runs throughout the internal area of the cave and is also a major attraction. The vegetation outside the cave is lushy with trees measuring up to 60 meters tall.

See also
List of caves in Brazil

References

External links
 Base de Dados do Ministério do Meio Ambiente Governo Federal - ICMBIO Official Website

Caves of Minas Gerais
Wild caves
David James Hamilton FRS FRSE FRCSE (6 March 1849 – 19 February 1909) was a Scottish pathologist, known for his work on the diseases of sheep.

Life
Born on 6 March 1849 in Falkirk, he was third child and second son of the nine children of George Hamilton, M.D., medical practitioner in the town, who wrote for Chambers's Encyclopædia, by his wife Mary Wyse, daughter of a naval surgeon. A sister Mary married on 9 February 1891 becoming the second wife of Charles Saunders Dundas, 6th Viscount Melville.

At the age of 17 Hamilton became a medical student at Edinburgh, and was drawn to pathology by William Rutherford Sanders. After qualifying in 1870, he was house surgeon at the old Edinburgh Infirmary, resident medical officer at Chalmers Hospital, Edinburgh, and for two years at the Northern Hospital, Liverpool, where he wrote a prize essay on Diseases and injuries of the spinal cord. It enabled him to spend two years in working at pathology in Vienna, Munich, Strassburg, and Paris.

In 1876, he returned as demonstrator of pathology to Edinburgh, and was also pathologist to the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary. During Professor Sanders's illness (1880-1) he delivered the lectures, but was passed over in the choice of his successor.

In 1882, when an extramural teacher in Edinburgh, Hamilton was appointed to the chair of pathology founded by William James Erasmus Wilson at Aberdeen. There he spent the rest of his career. He was the first to introduce the practical teaching of bacteriology into general class work. He initiated the bacteriological diagnosis of diphtheria and typhoid fever in the north of Scotland.

In 1881 Hamilton was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Sir William Turner, Alexander Crum Brown, Sir Robert Christison and Peter Guthrie Tait. In 1908 he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of London. In 1907, the University of Edinburgh granted him an honorary doctorate (LLD).

He died on 19 February 1909 at home, 35 Queens Road in Aberdeen, and was buried in the city.

Works
Hamilton investigated the diseases of sheep braxy and louping ill and was chairman of the departmental committee on this question appointed by the board of agriculture in 1901, which presented its report in 1906. He confirmed the description of the braxy microbe given in 1888 by Ivar Nielsen and discovered the bacillus of louping ill. He wrote widely on all branches of pathology, especially on the nervous system, tuberculosis, and other diseases of the lungs, and on the healing of wounds. His textbook on pathology (2 vols. 1889–94) was recognised as a standard work.

Family
Hamilton married:

 in 1880, Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Griffith, by whom he had two sons and one daughter; 
 in 1894, Catherine, daughter of John Wilson of South Bankaskine, Falkirk; she died without issue in June 1908.

Notes

Attribution

1849 births
1909 deaths
Scottish pathologists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
People from Falkirk
|}

The Brownstown Stakes is a Group 3 flat horse race in Ireland open to thoroughbred fillies and mares aged three years or older. It is run at Fairyhouse over a distance of 7 furlongs (1,408 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late June or early July.

History
The event was formerly held at Leopardstown, and for a period it was classed at Listed level. It used to be run over a distance of 1 mile.

The race was promoted to Group 3 status and cut to 7 furlongs in 2003. It was transferred to Fairyhouse in 2009.

The Brownstown Stakes was run at Naas in 2012, after being abandoned twice at Fairyhouse due to a waterlogged course.

Records
Most successful horse:
 no horse has won this race more than once since 1987

Leading jockey since 1987 (4 wins):
 Pat Smullen – Mora (1998), Dress to Thrill (2002), Perfect Touch (2003), Emulous (2011)
 Kevin Manning - Castle Quest (1999), Siringas (2001), Tropical Lady (2004), Tobann (2014)

Leading trainer since 1987 (5 wins):
 Ger Lyons -  Berg Bahn (2010), Ainippe (2015), Queen Catrine (2016), Marbling (2022), Zarinksk (2023)

Winners since 1987

See also
 List of Irish flat horse races

References
 Racing Post:
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 galopp-sieger.de – Brownstown Stakes.
 horseracingintfed.com – International Federation of Horseracing Authorities – Brownstown Stakes (2017).
 pedigreequery.com – Brownstown Stakes.

Flat races in Ireland
Mile category horse races for fillies and mares
Leopardstown Racecourse
Mark Goodwin may refer to:

Mark Goodwin (footballer) (born 1960), English footballer
Mark Goodwin (musician) (born 1986), American drummer
Thomas of Marga, (, ) was an East Syriac bishop and author of an important monastic history in Syriac, who flourished in the 9th century CE. He was born early in the century in the region of Salakh to the north-east of Mosul. As a young man he became in 832 a monk of the monastery of Beth 'Abhe, which was situated at the confluence of the Great Zab with one of its tributaries, about 25 miles east of Mosul. A few years later he was acting as secretary to Abraham, who had been abbot of Beth 'Abhe, and was patriarch of the Church of the East from 837 to 850.

At some date during these 13 years Thomas was promoted by Abraham to be bishop of the diocese of Marga in the same district as Beth 'Abhe, and afterwards he was further advanced to be a metropolitan of Beth Garmai, a district farther to the southeast in the mountains which border the Tigris basin. It was during the period of his life at Beth 'Abhe and his bishopric that he composed The Book of Governors, which is in the main a history of his own monastery, but includes lives of Assyrian Christian holy men in other parts of Mesopotamia and the regions east of the Tigris. The work was probably planned in imitation of the famous Paradise of Palladius, the history of Egyptian monasticism which had become well known to Syriac-speaking Christians in the version of Anan-Isho (6th century).

The Book of Governors has been edited with an English translation and a copious introduction by E. W. Budge (2 vols., London, 1893; Google Books), who claims that "it occupies a unique position in Syriac literature, and it fully deserves the veneration with which it has been and is still regarded by all classes of Assyrians to whom it is known." It gives a detailed history of the great monastery cf Beth 'Abhe during its three centuries of existence down to the author's time. It is full of interesting narratives of saintly men told in a naive and candid spirit, and it throws much light on the history of Christianity in the Persian dominions. There is a later edition by P. Bedjan (Paris, 1901).

References

Syriac writers
9th-century bishops of the Church of the East
9th-century writers
9th-century historians
Crystal arthropathy is a class of joint disorder (called arthropathy) that is characterized by accumulation of tiny crystals in one or more joints. Polarizing microscopy and application of other crystallographic techniques have improved identification of different microcrystals including monosodium urate, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate, calcium hydroxyapatite, and calcium oxalate.

Types

Causes
Deposition of crystals in joints
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal formation:
Increased production of inorganic pyrophosphate
Decreased levels of pyrophosphatase in cartilage
Decreased levels of cartilage glycosaminoglycans
Hyperparathyroidism
Hemochromatosis
Hypophosphatasia
Hypomagnesemia
Hydroxyapatite deposition:
Tissue damage
Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia
Hyperphosphatemia
Calcium oxalate deposition:
Enhanced production of oxalic acid due to enzyme defect
Poor excretion of oxalic acid in kidney failure
Excessive ascorbic acid intake in kidney failure

Risk factors
Obesity
Kidney failure
Hyperphosphatemia
Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia
Tissue damage (dystrophic calcification)

Diagnosis

Differential diagnosis
Septic arthritis
Type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia
Amyloidosis
Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis
Hyperparathyroidism
Spondyloarthropathy
Rheumatoid arthritis

Treatment
1. Steroid - options are intra-articular injection, oral steroid, or intramuscular injection of steroid. 
Intra-articular steroid + lido w/o (I like triamcinolone the best) 20 mg for small joints is perfect. 
For the intramuscular injection, I personally like 40 mg triamcinolone and 20 mg dexamethasone in the same syringe injected into the gluteus. 
For the oral steroid, I like Prednisone 40 mg every morning for seven days. Prescription will read prednisone 20 mg, two tabs PO Qa.m. x 7d, #14 0RF. 

2. Colchicine 0.6 mg tabs - two tabs by mouth once and then one tab by mouth an hour later. 

3. NSAID - I prefer 500 mg naproxen twice a day for seven days. Just be careful with the NSAID and steroid combination. If prescribing oral steroids, I put patients on famotidine 40 mg one tablet by mouth twice a day for 14 days

Do not prescribe allopurinol for acute gout flair. Wait until they are six weeks resolved to initiate that, otherwise you can cause an acute flare/worsening of the gout. However, they are already on allopurinol, continue it.

References

External links 

Inflammatory polyarthropathies
Michelle Theriault (pronounced "terry-oh") (born April 17, 1986) is an American professional stock car racing driver. She competed part-time in NASCAR's Truck (from 2008 and 2010), and West Series (in 2005) and in the ARCA Re/Max Series in 2007. She also competed full-time in the East Series in 2007, finishing 13th in points, the highest for a female driver in that series at the time.

Racing career

Theriault's record of being the highest-finishing female driver in the East Series points at year's-end would be both broken and tied in 2013, with Kenzie Ruston's sixth place finish in the standings (that record still stands today) and Mackena Bell finishing 13th, which tied Theriault's points finish from 2007.

Theriault received limited opportunities to drive in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series; when she did; they were start-and-park rides for DGM Racing and Fast Track Racing.

Personal life

Theriault is the wife of her former teammate at Derrike Cope Inc., Nick Tucker. They married on December 30, 2012, which is after the time they were competing in the Truck Series together.

Despite sharing the same last name and both being from New England, she is not related to fellow driver Austin Theriault.

Motorsports career results

NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)

Camping World Truck Series

K&N Pro Series East

West Series

ARCA Re/Max Series
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)

References

External links
 

1986 births
NASCAR drivers
ARCA Menards Series drivers
Living people
People from Bristol, Connecticut
Sportspeople from Hartford County, Connecticut
Racing drivers from Connecticut
American female racing drivers
Cope family
Gonçalo is a Portuguese masculine given name and family name.

People with the name include: 
Gonçalo Brandão, a Portuguese footballer
Gonçalo Coelho, a Portuguese explorer of the South Atlantic and of the South American coast
Gonçalo Foro, a Portuguese rugby union footballer
Gonçalo Guedes, a Portuguese footballer
Gonçalo Malheiro, a Portuguese rugby union footballer
Gonçalo Nicau, a Portuguese tennis player
Gonçalo Oliveira, a Portuguese tennis player
Gonçalo Pereira, a Portuguese guitarist
Gonçalo Uva, a Portuguese rugby union player
Gonçalo Velho, a 15th-century Portuguese monk, explorer and settler of the Atlantic
Blessed Gonçalo de Amarante, (1187–1259)

See also
 Gonzalo, the Spanish equivalent
 Gonçalves and Gonsalves, a Portuguese surname meaning "son of Gonçalo"
 São Gonçalo (disambiguation)
 Goncalo alves, a type wood

Portuguese masculine given names
Masculine given names
Robin Eley (born in London, England in 1978) is an Australian hyperrealist painter.

Personal life
Eley was born to an Australian father and Chinese mother. In 1981 his family migrated to Australia where he completed his secondary education at Pembroke School. In 1997 he moved to the United States where he would attend Westmont College, captaining the basketball team and earning a bachelor of arts degree, majoring in fine art in 2001.

Exhibitions
Eley is currently represented by Hill Smith Gallery in Australia and 101/exhibit in the United States. He has held two solo exhibitions at Hill Smith Gallery. In 2012, his debut solo exhibition "Singularity" sold out prior to the opening. His second solo exhibition "Idolatry" opened at Hill Smith Gallery in June, 2013. He has also participated in several group exhibitions, most notably "Chinese Australia" at Ausin Tung Gallery in Melbourne, Australia in 2012, "Journeys - Westmont Alumni Artists Invitational" at The Westmont Ridley-Tree Museum of Art in Santa Barbara, CA, USA in 2012, "BMG - First Look" at Bernarducci Meisel Gallery in New York, NY, USA in 2013  and Koi No Yokan at 101/exhibit in Los Angeles, CA, USA in 2013.

Work
His work was recently recognized in the Doug Moran National Portrait Prize (highly commended runner-up in 2010 and highly commended 3rd place in 2011). He was a finalist in the Archibald Prize in 2012. His debut solo exhibition Singularity recently concluded at Hill Smith Gallery in South Australia.

Awards and Grants
Eley has been a finalist in numerous Australian art prizes, most notably Runner Up (2010) and Highly Commended (2011) in the Doug Moran National Portrait Prize, the world's richest prize for portraiture. In addition, he has also been a finalist in the Archibald Prize (2012), the Eutick Memorial Still Life Art Prize (2010, 2012)  and the Nora Heysen Still Life Art Award (2011). In 2012 he was the recipient of an International Presentation Grant from Arts SA  which enabled him to accept an invitation to travel to the United States to exhibit his work at the Westmont Ridley-Tree Museum of Art in Santa Barbara, California. His work is also included in the museum's permanent collection.

See also
Hyperrealism

References

External links
 
Artgallery.nsw.gov.au
http://www.101exhibit.com/artists/splash/robin-eley

Australian artists
1978 births
Living people
In philosophy, a razor is a principle or rule of thumb that allows one to eliminate ("shave off") unlikely explanations for a phenomenon, or avoid unnecessary actions.

Razors include:
Alder's razor (also known as Newton's Flaming Laser Sword): If something cannot be settled by experiment or observation, then it is not worthy of debate.
Einstein's razor: "The supreme goal of all theory is to make the irreducible basic elements as simple and as few as possible without having to surrender the adequate representation of a single datum of experience." Often paraphrased as "make things as simple as possible, but no simpler."
Grice's razor (also known as Giume's razor): As a principle of parsimony, conversational implications are to be preferred over semantic context for linguistic explanations.
Hanlon's razor: Never attribute to malice that which can be adequately explained by stupidity.
Hitchens's razor: That which can be asserted without evidence can be dismissed without evidence.
Hume's guillotine: What ought to be cannot be deduced from what is. "If the cause, assigned for any effect, be not sufficient to produce it, we must either reject that cause, or add to it such qualities as will give it a just proportion to the effect."
Occam's razor: Explanations which require fewer unjustified assumptions are more likely to be correct; avoid unnecessary or improbable assumptions.
Popper's falsifiability principle: For a theory to be considered scientific, it must be falsifiable.
Russell's teapot: An analogy, formulated by the philosopher Bertrand Russell (1872–1970), to illustrate that the philosophic burden of proof lies upon a person making empirically unfalsifiable claims, rather than shifting the burden of disproof to others. He wrote that if he were to assert, without offering proof, that a teapot, too small to be seen by telescopes, orbits the Sun somewhere in space between the Earth and Mars, he could not expect anyone to believe him solely because his assertion could not be proven wrong.
Sagan standard: Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence.

See also

References

Razors
Arguments
Philosophical analogies
Rhetorical techniques
Beech Creek may refer to:

Rivers
Beech Creek (Pennsylvania), a tributary of Bald Eagle Creek
Beech Creek (Texas)
Beech Creek (Logan County, West Virginia)

Communities
 Beech Creek, Kentucky, an unincorporated community in Muhlenberg County
 Beech Creek, Clay County, Kentucky, a creek and a wildlife area
 Beech Creek, Oregon, an unincorporated community in Grant County
 Beech Creek, Pennsylvania, a borough in Clinton County
 Beech Creek, Tennessee, an unincorporated community in Wayne County
 Beech Creek Township, Greene County, Indiana
 Beech Creek Township, Clinton County, Pennsylvania

Other
Beech Creek Railroad, a defunct railroad in Pennsylvania
Beech Creek National Scenic Area, near Big Cedar, Oklahoma

See also
Zischgeles is a summit in the Stubai Alps in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

Climbing 
The normal route starts from Praxmar and is an alpine mountain hike without glacier travel. Only the last part of the track close to the summit might require the use of hands. The Zischgeles is considered an easy three-thousander.

Ski tours are common at the Zischgeles in wintertime.

References 

Alpine three-thousanders
Mountains of the Alps
Shaun Johnston is a Canadian movie and theatre actor best known for his role as Jack Bartlett on the CBC drama Heartland, which debuted in October 2007. He co-founded the Shadow Theatre in Edmonton and made his first professional forays in Alberta's thriving theatre scene.

Biography
Johnston grew up in Ponoka, Alberta. He earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts from the University of Alberta's drama program.

Johnston is well-known for playing the role of Jack Bartlett (also known as "Grandpa Jack") on Heartland, a CBC drama that debuted in October 2007. By 2019, he had played a role on the show for 13 seasons. In 2019, and again in 2020, Johnston was nominated for a Rosie award for "Best Alberta Actor" for his role in Heartland. In 2016, Johnston described his experience on the cast of Heartland, saying "it's the best job I’ve ever had, it's the best job I'm ever going to have."

In 2020, Global News reported that Johnston was in the process of "recording and releasing" The Book of Shaun: A Story Behind His Heartland Music. The Book of Shaun is a multi-episode music project that tells "the story behind songs that he has written for the Canadian TV show" that was created in order to raise funds for a 20-home building project led by the Okanagan affiliate of Habitat for Humanity.

Filmography

Film 
 1990 Blood Clan as Jerry
 1997 Ms. Bear as Barney Porter
 1998 Heart of the Sun as Harry
 1999 Mystery, Alaska as District Attorney Doloff
 1999 Silver Wolf as Frank McLean
 2001 Viva Las Nowhere as Sheriff
 2004 Ginger Snaps 2: Unleashed as Jack
 2005 Supervolcano as Matt
 2005 A Friend of the Family as Coleridge
 2006 Broken Trail as Jack "Smallpox Jack"
 2007 Carolina Moon as Hannabal Bodeen
 2007 Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee as Colonel Nelson A. Miles
 2009 Screamers: The Hunting as Haggard Man
 2019 In Plainview as Reverend Rickman

Television
 1995 The X-Files as Pete Calcagni
 1995-1997 Jake and the Kid as Jake Trumper 
 1996-2000 Traders as Ben Sullivan
 1998-2001 Mentors as Roy Cates
 1998-2005 Da Vinci's Inquest as Marshal Sid Flemming
 2000 The Outer Limits as Parker
 2001 Smallville as Jordan's Dad
 2004 Chicks with Sticks as Luke
 2008 Mayerthorpe
 2016 Delmer & Marta as Tom
 2016-2018 Wynonna Earp as Juan Carlos
 2007–Present Heartland as Jackson "Jack" Bartlett

References

External links 
 
 Shaun Johnston

Living people
Male actors from Alberta
Canadian male film actors
Canadian male television actors
Canadian male voice actors
Year of birth missing (living people)
Babingtonia is a  genus of flowering plants in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. The species are native to Australia. Many species formerly placed in the genus are currently included in Sannantha,  Baeckea, Oxymyrrhine, Kardomia, Seorsus and Harmogia.

Species in the genera include:
Babingtonia behrii (Schltdl.) A.R.Bean – broom baeckea	
Babingtonia camphorosmae (Endl.) Lindl. – camphor myrtle  	
Babingtonia cherticola Rye & Trudgen
Babingtonia delicata Rye & Trudgen
Babingtonia erecta Rye & Trudgen
Babingtonia fascifolia Rye
Babingtonia grandiflora (Benth.) Rye – large-flowered babingtonia
Babingtonia maleyae Rye & Trudgen – Narrogin babingtonia
Babingtonia minutifolia Rye & Trudgen
Babingtonia pelloeae Rye & Trudgen – Pelloe's babingtonia
Babingtonia triandra Rye & Hislop – triplet babingtonia	
Babingtonia urbana Rye & Trudgen – coastal plain babingtonia

References

 
Myrtaceae genera
Endemic flora of Australia
Euchloe lotta, the desert marble, is a species of butterfly that occurs in the interior of British Columbia, Canada.

It is mostly white with black markings on the topside of the forewing tips and body. The underside has greenish-grey veins especially in the hindwing. The wingspan is from 38 to 40 mm.

The desert marble's flight season in North America is from April to May. It inhabits sagelands, deserts, juniper woodland, dry, rocky areas, dry ravines, and canyon walls.

Larvae feed on Arabis furcata, Arabis sparsiflora, Arabis bolboellii, and Halimolobos whitedi.

References

Euchloe
Butterflies of North America
Butterflies described in 1898