Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Housing in Israel refers to the history of housing in Israel.

History

After the establishment of the State of Israel, hundreds of thousands of Jews from all over the world began immigrating to the new state. Many were housed in temporary camps known as ma'abarot, where they lived in huts, tents, and packing crates until permanent housing could be built. In September 1948, the Ministry of Labor established a National Housing Department to supervise development on a nationwide scale. The Amidar housing company was founded that year and plans were drawn up for the construction of 16,000 housing units in and around the country's urban centers. The Absorption Department of the Jewish Agency imported 6,000 cabins from Sweden for temporary accommodation.

In cities and development towns all over the country, rows of concrete tenements began to be hastily erected to address the severe housing shortage. These government-funded low-cost housing projects were known as shikunim. 

In the late 2000s and 2010, the real-estate prices in Israel appeared to be inflated compared to the long-term average, other developed economies, rents and average income. This real estate bubble was blamed on the country-wide housing shortage. However, many economists and investors do not see it as a bubble.

In response to the global economic recession in 2008, Israel's central bank governor, Stanley Fischer, lowered interest rates to an all-time low of 0.5%. That resulted in prices rising very fast in 2009, after rising steadily in the preceding decade.

Most mortgages taken out in 2007–2009 were adjustable-rate mortgages pegged to the prime rate, which at the low was 1.75%.

Home ownership
In 2012, 67.9% of Israelis lived in homes that they owned and 26.9% in rented homes.

See also
 Architecture of Israel
 Economy of Israel
 Immigrant camps (Israel)
 Israeli settlement

References

External links
 Israel's housing market under pressure
 Insights on Israel's Real Estate Market

 
Real estate bubbles
2011 Israeli social justice protests
Maike Beer (born 7 June 1996 in Hamburg) is a German curler. She currently plays lead on the German National Women's Curling Team skipped by Emira Abbes.

Teams

References

External links

Living people
1996 births
Sportspeople from Hamburg
German female curlers

Competitors at the 2017 Winter Universiade
Ann Heinson is an American high-energy particle physicist known for her work on single top quark physics.  She established and led the DØ Single Top Group which first published experimental observations of the top quark, and in 1997 she co-authored a paper which laid the foundations for further investigation into the top quark.

Early life and education
Heinson grew up in Billericay, S.E. England.  She earned both her B.Sc. in Physics (1984) and Ph.D. in High Energy Physics (1988, advisor Peter Dornan) from Imperial College.

Career and research
Heinson worked for the BBC's engineering research department before emigrating to California in 1989.  There, she worked as a postdoctoral researcher at UC Irvine on a rare kaon decay experiment E791 at Brookhaven National Laboratory. In 1992, she began working on the DØ collaboration at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. She established and led the DØ Single Top working group from 1995 to 2009.  In 1997, she co-authored the paper "Single Top Quarks at the Fermilab Tevatron," which laid the conceptual foundations for the next decade of top quark experimental research. Under her leadership, the single top working group discovered the first evidence of single top quark production at Fermi Labs Tevatron. She retired in 2012.

Honors and awards
 American Physical Society's Woman Physicist of the Month (July 2012)
 Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (December 2010)
 Fellow of the American Physical Society (November 2008)
 UC Riverside Distinguished Researcher Award for Non-Senate Faculty (September 2002)

References

American women physicists
British emigrants to the United States
Particle physicists
British physicists
21st-century American physicists
Alumni of Imperial College London
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
People from Billericay
21st-century American women scientists
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Paso de Indios Department is a  department of Chubut Province in Argentina.

The provincial subdivision has a population of about 1,905 inhabitants in an area of 22,300 km², and its capital city is Paso de Indios, which is located around 1,729 km from the Capital federal.

Settlements

Los Altares
Cerro Cóndor
Paso de Indios

External links

Latitud Barrilete site 

Departments of Chubut Province
Hughes is a given name. Notable people with the name include:

 Hughes Cleaver (1892–1980), Canadian politician
 Hughes Eng (fl. from 12959), Canadian community activist
 Hughes Rudd (1921–1992), American television journalist and news correspondent
 Hughes Winborne (fl. from 1980), American film editor
Usku, or Afra, is a nearly extinct and poorly documented Papuan language spoken by 20 or more people, mostly adults, in Usku village, Senggi District, Keerom Regency, Papua, Indonesia.

Wurm (1975) placed it as an independent branch of Trans–New Guinea, but Ross (2005) could not find enough evidence to classify it. Usher (2020) found that it was one of the West Pauwasi languages, though divergent from the other two branches of that family. Foley (2018) classifies Usku as a language isolate.

An automated computational analysis (ASJP 4) by Müller et al. (2013) found lexical similarities between Usku and Kaure. However, since the analysis was automatically generated, the grouping could be either due to mutual lexical borrowing or genetic inheritance.

Basic vocabulary
Basic vocabulary of Usku from Im (2006), quoted by Foley (2018):

{| 
|+ Usku basic vocabulary
! gloss !! Usku
|-
| ‘bird’ || rkwe
|-
| ‘blood’ || misie
|-
| ‘bone’ || kra
|-
| ‘breast’ || mi
|-
| ‘ear’ || bekria
|-
| ‘eat’ || nggreka
|-
| ‘egg’ || kri
|-
| ‘eye’ || nifi
|-
| ‘fire’ || yo
|-
| ‘give’ || roti
|-
| ‘go’ || rifri
|-
| ‘ground’ || taʔ
|-
| ‘hair’ || klekondia
|-
| ‘hear’ || yukri
|-
| ‘I’ || o
|-
| ‘leg’ || nafu
|-
| ‘louse’ || nimi
|-
| ‘man’ || na
|-
| ‘moon’ || menggrine
|-
| ‘name’ || təkwar
|-
| ‘one’ || kuskafi
|-
| ‘road, path’ || tra
|-
| ‘see’ || fra
|-
| ‘sky’ || mumgre
|-
| ‘stone’ || pani
|-
| ‘sun’ || winene
|-
| ‘tongue’ || bra
|-
| ‘tooth’ || ninggre
|-
| ‘tree’ || ninani
|-
| ‘two’ || narse
|-
| ‘water’ || a/æ
|-
| ‘we’ || no
|-
| ‘woman’ || ria
|-
| ‘you (sg)’ || po
|-
| ‘you (pl)’ || so
|}

The following basic vocabulary words are from the Trans-New Guinea database:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! gloss !! Usku
|-
| head || flekle
|-
| hair || flekle-kunda
|-
| ear || beikli
|-
| eye || nifi
|-
| tooth || neŋkle
|-
| tongue || bra
|-
| leg || nafu
|-
| louse || nimi
|-
| bird || lokwe
|-
| egg || kle
|-
| blood || kla; mise
|-
| bone || kla; mi
|-
| skin || ninje; ninye
|-
| breast || kiombra
|-
| tree || weli
|-
| man || mekenja; mekenya
|-
| woman || jomia
|-
| sun || nei
|-
| moon || meŋgerne
|-
| water || ei
|-
| fire || jo; yo
|-
| stone || pane
|-
| road, path || tra
|-
| eat || kepo
|-
| one || kisifaini
|-
| two || narna
|}

Morphology
Usku morphology as inferred by Foley (2018):

dative marker se
tense suffix -mu ~ -mo
allative postposition se
ablative e

Sentences
Word order in Usku is SOV.

Some of the few documented sentences in Usku are:

References

External links

Usku word list at TransNewGuinea.org
OLAC resources in and about the Usku language

Critically endangered languages
Endangered languages of Oceania
Languages of western New Guinea
West Pauwasi languages
Jenkins v. Anderson, 447 U.S. 231 (1980), is a United States Supreme Court case regarding the Fifth Amendment  right against self-incrimination.

Holding
The Supreme Court held that a defendant's silence prior to a Miranda warning can be used by the prosecution to imply an admission. In Doyle v. Ohio, the Court held that silence after a Miranda warning cannot be used against the defendant to imply admission to guilt.

See also
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 447
Miranda v. Arizona, 
Summary of case from OYEZ

Further reading

External links
 

United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Burger Court
United States Fifth Amendment self-incrimination case law
1980 in United States case law
Leningrad Province may refer to:
Leningrad Oblast, a federal subject of Russia
Leningrad Governorate, an administrative division of the Soviet Union
Fri information is the fifth and final studio album by the Swedish progg and rock band Hoola Bandoola Band. It was recorded in August 1975 and released in October of the same year on the record label MNW. The album is the band's first with Björn Afzelius as a songwriter. Mikael Wiehe had previously written all of the songs, except for "Dansmelodi", which was written by Thomas Wiehe.  The album was the band's last before their breakup in 1976.

The album sold 43,000 copies, and its artwork was made by Tore Berger.

Track listing
Side one
 "Tillbaka (Stures sång)" (Mikael Wiehe) – 4:50
 "Älska mej, Bill" (Wiehe) – 4:15
 "Birmingham" (Björn Afzelius) – 4:03
 "LTO-tango" (Afzelius) – 2:55
 "Victor Jara" (Wiehe) – 4:30
Side two
 "Kvinnoförakt" (Afzelius) – 5:08
 "Huddinge, Huddinge" (Wiehe) – 4:20
 "Juanita" (Afzelius) – 4:53
 "Hur länge skall vi vänta" (Wiehe) – 6:53

Charts

Personnel 
Björn Afzelius – guitar, vocals
Mikael Wiehe – guitar, saxophone, flute, vocals
Peter Clemmedson – guitar, banjo
Arne Franck – bass
Povel Randén – piano, guitar, accordion, vocals
Per-Ove Kellgren – drums
Håkan Skytte – percussion

References

External links 

1975 albums
Hoola Bandoola Band albums
"Kaby Lake-S" (14 nm) 
 All models support: ''MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4.1, SSE4.2, AVX, AVX2, FMA3, F16C, BMI1 (Bit Manipulation Instructions1), BMI2, MPX, SGX, Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology (EIST), Intel 64, XD bit (an NX bit implementation), TXT, Intel vPro, Intel VT-x, Intel VT-d, Hyper-threading (except E3-1220 v6, E3-1225 v6), Turbo Boost 2.0, AES-NI, Smart Cache, TSX-NI, ECC memory

Xeon E3-12xx v6 (uniprocessor)

"Kaby Lake-H" (14 nm)

Xeon E3-15xx v6 (uniprocessor)

References 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Intel Xeon (Kaby Lake)
This is a timeline of achievements in Soviet and United States spaceflight, spanning the Cold War era of nationalistic competition known as the Space Race. 

This list is limited to first achievements by the USSR and USA which were important during the Space Race in terms of public perception and/or technical innovation. This excludes first uses of specific on-board equipment and new scientific discoveries, or achievements by other countries.

Beginning

1957–1959

1960–1969

1970–1979

1980–1989 

On 1991 December 31, the United Nations accepted the dissolution of the USSR, which meant the end of the space race.

See also

List of communications satellite firsts
List of space exploration milestones, 1957–1969
Timeline of space exploration
Timeline of first orbital launches by country
Timeline of space travel by nationality

Notes

References

External links 
Timeline of the Space Race/Moon Race
Chronology: Moon Race at russianspaceweb.com

Lists of firsts in space
Space policy
Technological races
Space Race
History of science and technology in the United States
Soviet Union–United States relations
Space Race
Space Race
Sunnyodon is a genus of tiny, extinct mammal, probably of the Lower Cretaceous.  Found in what is now southern England and Denmark, it was a relatively early member of the extinct order of Multituberculata. It is part of the suborder Plagiaulacida and family Paulchoffatiidae.

The genus Sunnyodon (meaning "Sunny tooth", after Sunnydown Farm) was named by Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska and Ensom P.C. in 1992 based on a single specimen.

Fossil remains of the species Sunnyodon notleyi Lower Cretaceous-age strata of the Lulworth Formation in Durlston Bay, Dorset, England and the Rabekke Formation in Denmark. This is a tooth-based species.

A tooth from the Danish island of Bornholm was assigned to Sunnyodon in 2004. It is the first fossil of a Mesozoic mammal found in Scandinavia. A tooth has also been assigned to Sunnyodon from the Berriasian aged Angeac-Charente bonebed in France.

References

Sources
 Kielan-Jaworowska & Ensom (1992), "Multituberculate Mammals from the Upper Jurassic Purbeck Limestone Formation of southern England", Paleontology, 35, p. 95-126.
 Kielan-Jaworowska, Z. & Hurum, J.H. (2001), "Phylogeny and Systematics of multituberculate mammals", Paleontology 44, p. 389-429.

Extinct mammals of Europe
Multituberculates
Cretaceous mammals
Prehistoric mammal genera
The following list includes notable people who were born or have lived in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan.

Academics and engineering

Business

Media and music

Politics and law

Sports

Baseball

Basketball

Football

Hockey

Tennis

References

Bloomfield Hills
Bloomfield Hills
Disney Junior is a British-managed French pay television preschool channel owned and operated by The Walt Disney Company Limited, aimed for kids 3 to 7 years old.

It was launched on 2 November 2002, as Playhouse Disney, and rebranded as Disney Junior on 28 May 2011.

History 
It began back on 2 November 2002 as Playhouse Disney, along with Disney Channel +1 and Toon Disney (later Disney Cinemagic in 2007), and was previously broadcast 15 hours a day from 6:00 am to 9:00 pm (UTC+01:00).

In July 2010, Disney Channel in the U.S. announced to rebrand Playhouse Disney to Disney Junior, It take place back on 28 May 2011, follows the launch of the HD version.

External links
 Disney Junior TV Schedule (in French)

References 

Television stations in France
France
Television channels and stations established in 2002
Hvissinge (or Hvessinge on some maps, though not in local signage) is a suburb approximately 13 km west of central Copenhagen. Originally a small village, but in the 1970s the town grew quickly along with Glostrup. It is part of Glostrup Municipality and situated 2 km north east of the city centre.

Notable people 
 Jens Østerholm (1928 in Hvissinge – 2006) a Danish film actor

References

Geography of Denmark
Copenhagen metropolitan area
Glostrup Municipality
Chlamydastis discors is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1913. It is found in Peru.

The wingspan is about 23 mm. The forewings are lilac-fuscous, mixed with brown, with some scattered blackish scales and several tufts of scales on or near the fold anteriorly, as well as two oblique obtusely angulated series of brown tufts crossing the wing from before the middle of the costa to three-fourths of the dorsum, the first including in the disc a small blackish-mixed spot partially outlined with whitish. Beyond these, the terminal third of the wing is wholly ochreous-white, crossed by a strongly sinuate line of grey dots from a small spot on the costa to the tornus, a cloudy grey dentate line near the termen, and a series of minute indistinct blackish dots suffused with ferruginous-ochreous just before the termen. The hindwings are grey, the apical margin suffused with whitish.

References

Moths described in 1913
Chlamydastis
Tim Harcourt is an Australian economist who is the J.W. Nevile Fellow in economics at the UNSW Business School, and an advisor to the Government of South Australia on international engagement.

Harcourt was awarded a Bachelor of Economics (Honours) from the University of Adelaide, and a Master of Arts in Economics from the University of Minnesota, and also completed the Trade Union Program at Harvard Law School. He was the Chief Economist of Austrade (the Australian Trade Commission) until 2011, and earlier worked for the Australian Council of Trade Unions, the Australian Industrial Relations Commission and the Reserve Bank of Australia.

Harcourt teaches International Business at the UNSW Business School, in the AGSM MBA programme in Asia and Latin America with a focus on China, India, ASEAN, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and other emerging markets. Tim is a Visiting Professor at the Pontificia Universidad Catolica (PUC) in Chile. He also writes for a number of major publications including The Australian Financial Review, The Sydney Morning Herald, The Age, Business Review Weekly, The Australian, The Advertiser, The Herald Sun, The West Australian, The Courier Mail, The OECD Observer, The Globalist, The National Times, The Drum, The Conversation, The Economic Times and various websites and blogs.

He is married and has a daughter adopted from the People's Republic of China and a son from Taiwan. He is the son of Geoff Harcourt, an academic economist, and Joan Harcourt.

Books
The Airport Economist (2008). Allen & Unwin, 
Going the Distance: Essays on Australia and the Global Economy: 2004-2008 (2008). Australian Trade Commission
Beyond Our Shores: Essays on Australia and the Global Economy (2005). Australian Trade Commission, 

Trading Places - The Airport Economist's guide to International Business UNSW Press 2014

References

External links
Official website
UNSW profile
The Airport Economist - Tim Harcourt's blog hosted by UNSW

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Australian economists
University of Adelaide alumni
University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts alumni
Academic staff of the University of New South Wales
Tetragonoderus quadrinotatus is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae. It was described by Fabricus in 1798.

References

quadrinotatus
Beetles described in 1798
The 1st Cavalry Division () was a division of the People's Liberation Army. It was created in March 1949 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on Cavalry Brigade of Jinsui Military District. Its history can be traced to Cavalry Brigade of Shanganning-Jinsui Coalition Army formed in 1942.

The division was a part of 8th Corps. The division took part in the Chinese Civil War, including the Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Northwestern China.

In June 1952, the division absorbed 3rd Cavalry Division and the Cavalry Regiment of Henan Military District.

In August 1962 the division moved to Yecheng, Xinjiang. From January 1963 the division was transferred to Xinjiang Military Region's control.

The division was then composed of:
1st Cavalry Regiment;
2nd Cavalry Regiment;
3rd Cavalry Regiment;
Artillery Battalion.

In August 1964, the division was converted to a southern division, catalogue B:
1st and 2nd Cavalry Regiments were reorganized as infantry regiments, retaining their designations;
3rd Cavalry Regiment maintained as a cavalry unit;
Artillery Battalion, 1st Cavalry Division was expanded to Artillery Regiment, 1st Cavalry Division.

In October 1969, the division was renamed as the 8th Army Division (), and all its regiments were redesignated as follow:
22nd Infantry Regiment (former 1st Cavalry);
23rd Infantry Regiment (former 2nd Cavalry);
24th Infantry Regiment (former 3rd Cavalry);
Artillery Regiment.

In November 1985, the division was renamed as the 8th Motorized Infantry Division (), as a northern motorized infantry division, catalogue A. The division was then composed of:
22nd Motorized Infantry Regiment;
23rd Motorized Infantry Regiment;
24th Motorized Infantry Regiment;
Artillery Regiment;
Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment (former 663rd Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment of 73rd Artillery Division).
The division also administratively controlled the 12th Garrison Regiment of Lanzhou Military Region, which was later disbanded in October 1992.

From September 1985 to October 1986, Reconnaissance Company, 11th Army Division (Motorized Infantry Division) took part in the Battle of Laoshan as a part of 5th Reconnaissance Group. The company earned the honorific title of Heroic Reconnaissance Company awarded by the Chengdu Military Region.

In December 1989, Tank Regiment, 11th Motorized Infantry Division was activated. In 1998, the regiment was renamed as Armored Regiment, 11th Motorized Infantry Division.

In 2003 the 23rd Motorized Infantry Regiment was disbanded. Since then the division is composed of:
22nd Motorized Infantry Regiment;
24th Motorized Infantry Regiment;
Armored Regiment;
Artillery Regiment;
Anti-Aircraft Regiment.

The division is now a maneuver unit of Xinjiang Military District as one of few divisions left in the People's Liberation Army Ground Force.

References

中国人民解放军各步兵师沿革，http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_a3f74a990101cp1q.html

08
Military units and formations established in 1949
was the first private railway company in the history of Japan. The company built trunk lines connecting Tokyo with the Tōhoku region to the northeast. Most of its lines came under the control of Japanese Government Railways following nationalization in 1906, and many are now operated by East Japan Railway Company.

Outline
The company was incorporated in 1881 as the first privately funded railway company in Japan, where the railways had been built only by the imperial government since early 1870s. If, however, the definition of "railway" includes horsecars, Nippon Railway is behind Tokyo Bashatetsudō, established in 1880 as the first private railway in Japan.

Major investors to the company were kazoku, led by the highest-class court noble Iwakura Tomomi. The company, incorporated to help expansion of national railway network in line with the national policy, received strong support from the government, both technically and financially.

The first  of the railway, between Ueno Station in Tokyo and Kumagaya Station in Kumagaya, Saitama, opened on July 28, 1883. The mainline to Aomori was completed in 1891.

The company expanded the railway by means of both construction and acquisition of other companies. As of 1906, it operated  of railways including the present-day Tōhoku Main Line, Jōban Line, Takasaki Line and Yamanote Line.

On November 1, 1906, the entire operation of the company was purchased by the government of Japan under the Railway Nationalization Act. Consequently, the company was dissolved.

List of lines

Rolling stock

Notes

References

Defunct railway companies of Japan
Railway companies established in 1881
Railway companies disestablished in 1906
1881 establishments in Japan
The Rome–Civita Castellana–Viterbo railway is a regional railway line connecting Rome, Italy, with Viterbo, capital city of the Province of Viterbo.  The  long line, also known in Rome as the Roma Nord line, after its former concessionaire, is part of Rome's metropolitan and regional railway network.

Route 
  Piazzale Flaminio ↔ Viterbo

The Roma Nord, a radial route, has its urban terminus at Piazzale Flaminio, on the northern perimeter of Rome's city centre.  From there, it runs in a northerly direction, parallel to the Via Flaminia, as far as Civita Castellana, and then to its ultimate destination, Viterbo. Locally, it is derisively referred to as the "Freccia Viterbese".

See also 

 History of rail transport in Italy
 List of railway stations in Lazio
 Rail transport in Italy
 Transport in Rome

References

External links

 ATAC – official site 
 ATAC map – schematic depicting all routes in the Rome railway network

Railway lines in Lazio
Transport in Rome
Railway lines opened in 1932
HMS Mongoose was a Dutch prize to the British Royal Navy captured in 1799 or 1800 in the East Indies.

There is some question as to the name of her commander. One account states that Lieutenant Thomas Duvall commissioned her in 1800; other sources give the name as John Duval. One source states that John Duval was made Commander into her.

In September 1800 Vice-Admiral Peter Rainier received the Admiralty's permission to mount an expedition against Java, in particular to blockade Batavia. On 26 September he left instructions that the "armed vessel" Mongoose and certain other vessels should follow him to Penang as soon as they arrived at Madras Roads. Two days later, on the eve of his departure, he allocated his naval forces. Mongoose was either to accompany his flag in , or failing that, to proceed to the Straits of Malacca.

The Navy sold Mongoose in 1803.

Citations

References
  
 

1790s ships
Captured ships
Brigs of the Royal Navy