Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Karl Schümers (17 October 1905 – 16 August 1944) was a high-ranking commander in the Waffen-SS and Ordnungspolizei (police) of Nazi Germany during World War II. He commanded the SS Polizei Division in July – August 1944 and was directly or indirectly involved in many of the major atrocities committed in Greece during 1944. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 30 September 1942.

War-time atrocities 
 On 5 April 1944, Schümers commanded the 7th unit of the 4th SS Polizei Panzergrenadier Division in the execution of 277 unarmed women, children and elders in the village of Kleisoura in Greece in retaliation for the killing of 3 German soldiers.  In the official investigations by his command hierarchy for the massacre he testified that his soldiers had to kill them all because guerrilla forces were hiding in the village, and was acquitted, while it was proven after the war that his testimony was false. 
 On 24 April his 7th unit committed the Pyrgoi massacre where 368 men, women, and children were killed.  
 Men from the same 7th unit, under the command of Hans Zampel and Fritz Lautenbach committed the Distomo massacre, on 10 June 1944, where 228 civilians were killed in retaliation,  No-one was tried for this war crime.
 On 17 June 1944 Schümers ordered the execution of 28 civilians and destruction of Ipati, and the next day, the burning down of Spercheiada and the killing of 35 civilians.
 After he was assigned the command of the 4th Panzer Grenadier Division, on 22 July 1944, the 8th unit of his forces took part in the operation Kreuzotter (5-31 August 1944) in a failed attempt to eradicate ELAS bases from the mountains of central Greece, , that resulted, among others, in the killing of approximately 170 civilians and the partial or complete destruction of dozens of villages and cities.

He was killed on 16 August 1944 when his car drove over a landmine in the area of Arta (northwestern Greece).

Commands
 II.Battalion, 7th SS Polizei Panzer Grenadier Regiment
 7th SS Panzer Grenadier Regiment
 4th SS Polizei Panzer Grenadier Division

References

Further reading

 
 

1905 births
1944 deaths
German mass murderers
German occupation of Greece during World War II
Landmine victims
Military personnel from Düsseldorf
People from the Rhine Province
Recipients of the Gold German Cross
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
SS-Standartenführer
Waffen-SS personnel killed in action

Nazi war criminals
Nitzanim () is a kibbutz in southern Israel. Located between Ashkelon and Ashdod on the Nitzanim dunes, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hof Ashkelon Regional Council. In  it had a population of .

History
Nitzanim was established on 8 December 1943 on a 400-acre plot of land purchased by the Jewish National Fund in 1942. On the grounds was a large building that became known as the "mansion." The first residents were new immigrants, some of them Holocaust survivors.

The kibbutz was bombarded and captured by the Egyptian army during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War in the Battle of Nitzanim. Of Nitzanim's 141 members, 37 were killed and many were taken prisoner.

Following the war, the kibbutz was moved four kilometres south of the original location, onto the land of the newly depopulated Palestinian village of Hamama.

The original site of the kibbutz became Nitzanim Youth Village in 1949. After the youth village closed in 1990,  the community settlement of Nitzan was founded there.

See also
Nizzanim culture, Neolithic culture named after the type-site at Nitzanim

References

External links
[http://www.knitzanim.com Official website</ref>
the battle of nitzanim, exhibition in the Idf& defense establishment archives

Kibbutzim
Populated places established in 1943
Jewish villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War
Populated places in Southern District (Israel)
1943 establishments in Mandatory Palestine
Alida   (2016 population: ) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Reciprocity No. 32 and Census Division No. 1. The village is approximately  east of the City of Estevan. Farming and oil are the major local industries. Several ghost towns are in the vicinity, including Nottingham to the east, Auburnton, to the west, and Cantal to the north-west. With the investment of oil and other industries, the area continues to grow.

History 
Alida was founded as a Canadian Pacific Railway station in the late 19th century, and it was named for Dame Alida Brittain. The local area was settled by immigrants from Europe, and other parts of North America. Alida incorporated as a village on February 19, 1926.

The rail line was closed in 1976 when a spring storm washed out the rail bridge near Lauder, Manitoba, at the beginning of the line. The economic viability of the line had been in question for some time, so the bridge was never repaired. Track was removed beginning in 1978.

Transportation 

Alida is at the cross-roads of three highways, Highway 361, Highway 318, and Highway 601. Located   east-northeast of Alida is the Alida/Cowan Farm Private Aerodrome .

Demographics 

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Alida had a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the Village of Alida recorded a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a  change from its 2011 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2016.

Sports and recreation 
Alida has a skating/curling rink. In 2014, the original ice rink flooded and was deemed too expensive to repair. It was torn down in 2015 and funds were raised for a new one. It was completed by 2017. The Alida Wrecks hockey team play there. The Alida Memorial Hall hosts weekly bingos and an annual dinner theatre. There is also a pool that opens during the summer.

Education 
The local school closed down in 2005, and students are bused to schools in Carnduff, Oxbow, or Redvers.

Notable people 
Dan D'Autremont - Saskatchewan Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan for the constituency of Cannington

See also 
 List of communities in Saskatchewan
 Block settlement
 List of villages in Saskatchewan

References

External links 

Villages in Saskatchewan
Reciprocity No. 32, Saskatchewan
Division No. 1, Saskatchewan
Kilgarrife Church is a small Gothic Revival Anglican church located in Clonakilty, County Cork, Ireland. It was completed in 1818. It is part of the Kilgarrife Union of Parishes, in the Diocese of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross.

History 
Built in 1818, the current church is the second to exist on its site. The original was built with the support of Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, in the 17th century. Its construction cost IR£1,300, £500 of which was supplied by a loan from the Board of First Fruits.

A hall associated with the church and located on Oliver Plunkett Street, Clonakilty, is itself also a protected structure.

Architecture 
The church is a typical example of a "Board of First Fruits" style church. Alterations made in the 1860s by Welland & Gillespie, when transepts were added under the superintendence of Henry Hill. It is built in the Gothic Revival style.

References

Notes

Sources 

 

Architecture in Ireland
Churches in the Diocese of Cork, Cloyne and Ross
19th-century Church of Ireland church buildings
Gothic Revival church buildings in the Republic of Ireland
19th-century churches in the Republic of Ireland
The Man Without a Face: The Unlikely Rise of Vladimir Putin is a 2012 book by Masha Gessen about Vladimir Putin and his rise to power and reign. Gessen's analysis of Putin is mostly speculative, but they carefully investigate his own revealing accounts of his life, and they use interviews with people who knew Putin, before he rose to power, to form their conclusions.

Content 

The book describes Vladimir Putin's early life, including his relationship with his parents and his school life under a communist government. Gessen uses Putin's early years to show the reader how he was shaped into the man he became. The book covers controversies and wars Putin was involved in, such as the First Chechen War and contains stories about former Russian leader Boris Yeltsin. It goes on to explain the relationship between him and his wife. It then discusses controversies in the government and Putin's eventual rise to power in the Kremlin.

Reviews and reception 
The book sold well, but had mixed reviews. Many said Gessen had a biased view or there had been books about Putin that had been written better. CIA officer John Ehrman's review stated: "As a biography it is satisfactory, but no more than that" and "little of what Gessen has to say is new." He described their images as "effective as anti-Putin propaganda".

The book was shortlisted for the 2013 Pushkin House Russian Book Prize.

References 

2012 non-fiction books
Books about Vladimir Putin
Russian non-fiction books
Riverhead Books books
Gavin King, better known by his stage name Aphrodite, is a British jungle and drum and bass DJ/producer on the Urban Takeover label. Also known as A Zone or DJ Aphro, he contributed to and influenced the genre's styles and techniques. He was born in Aberystwyth, Wales, and moved to London with his family as a toddler. He has studied computer science. He was one half of breakbeat hardcore group Urban Shakedown (with Claudio Giussani) who scored a UK top 40 hit with "Some Justice". The duo appeared in an article of Amiga Format magazine after using two Amiga 500 computers to help create the track.

DJ Aphrodite is behind Aphrodite Recordings which was inspired by a club he ran in 1988 called 'Aphrodite'. His debut album was a self-titled effort under V2 Recordings, released in 1999. The follow-up was Aftershock which was again released under V2 Recordings on 24 June 2002.

Discography

Albums
 Aphrodite - Recordings (Yellow cover) (1997)
 Aphrodite (1999)
 Aftershock (2002)
 Break in Reality (2007)

CD mixes
 Urban Jungle (1999)
 Aph44 (2003)
 Urban Junglist (2003)
 Urbanthology Volume 1 (2005)
 Overdrive (2005)

CDs
 See Thru It (2004)

Compilations
 Park Rave Madness (1998)
 The Takeover Bid: Round 1 (1998)
 Egil Music Presents: Urban Jungle (1999)

Singles and EPs
 1996 "Bad Ass" (with Micky Finn)
 1999 "BM Funkster"
 2002 "All Over Me" (feat. Barrington Levy) - UK #76
 2002 "See Thru It" (feat. Wildflower) - UK #68
 2003 "Bad Ass (Reissue)" (with Micky Finn)
 2003 "Rinsing Quince"
 2003 "Let the Rhythm Flow / Stalker"
 2003 "Cool Flight"
 2003 "Music's Hypnotizing / King of the Beats"
 2003 "Mash Up Ya Know"
 2003 "Def Jammer"
 2003 "Cocaine / Calling the People"
 2004 "Fanfare / Karma Sutra"

See also
Drum and bass
Jungle music
Bass music

References

External links
 
 

British drum and bass musicians
Breakbeat hardcore musicians
British DJs
British record producers
Living people
Electronic dance music DJs
People from Aberystwyth
DJs from London
1968 births
Orania sylvicola is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is found in southern Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore.

References

sylvicola
Trees of Indo-China
Trees of Malesia
Near threatened plants
Plants described in 1845
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Cammells Sports F.C. was an English association football club based in Sheffield, South Yorkshire.

History
Little is known of the club other than that it competed in the FA Cup in the 1912–13 season.

Honours

League
Hatchard League
Champions: 1911–12

Cup
None

Records
Best FA Cup performance: Extra Preliminary Round, 1912–13

References

Defunct football clubs in South Yorkshire
Defunct football clubs in England
Hatchard League
Sheffield Amateur League
Works association football teams in England
Events from the year 1699 in France.

Incumbents 
Monarch: Louis XIV

Events
 20 January: Louis XIV gave the French Academy of Sciences its first rules.
 11 June: France, England and the Dutch Republic agree on the terms of the Treaty of London (1700) (Second Partition Treaty) for Spain.
 The Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture holds the first of a series of salons at the Louvre Palace.

Births
 26 March: Hubert-François Gravelot, illustrator (d. 1773)
 26 June: Marie Thérèse Rodet Geoffrin, salonnière (d. 1777)
 17 August: Bernard de Jussieu, naturalist (d. 1777)
 25 August: Charles Étienne Louis Camus, mathematician and mechanician (d. 1768)
 13 October: Jeanne Quinault, actress and playwright (d. 1783)
 2 November: Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin, painter (d. 1779) 
 25 November: Pierre Subleyras, painter (d. 1749)
 Undated: Joseph Galien, professor of philosophy and theology at the University of Avignon, meteorologist, physicist and writer on aeronautics (d. 1762 or 1782)

Deaths
 20 February: Jean-Baptiste Monnoyer, painter (b. 1636)
 21 April: Jean Racine, classic dramatist (b. 1639)
 26 September: Simon Arnauld, Marquis de Pomponne, diplomat and minister (b. 1618)
 18 November: Pierre Pomet, pharmacist (b. 1658)
 30 December: Pierre Robert, composer (b. c. 1618)
 Undated: Antoine Le Grand, Cartesian philosopher, in England (b. 1629)

See also

References

1690s in France
Christian Andres Hemberg (born 6 December 1981) is Swedish former professional footballer who played as a forward. He played for Örgryte, Raufoss, and KS/Leiftur during a career that spanned between 1998 and 2008. He won two caps for the Sweden national team in 2001.

Club career 
Having started off his career with Torestorp IF, he signed with Örgryte IS in 1998 for which he made his Allsvenskan debut at 17 years of age in 1999. He scored 14 Allsvenskan goals in 96 appearances for the Örgryte before signing with the Norwegian second division club Raufoss in early 2007. He retired from professional football after a brief stint in Iceland with KS/Leiftur.

International career 
After having appeared for the Sweden U17, U19, and U21 teams, Hemberg made his full international debut for Sweden on 31 January 2001 in a friendly game against the Faroe Islands. He replaced Stefan Ishizaki in the 65th minute as the game ended in a 0–0 draw. He won his second and ultimately last international cap for Sweden in a friendly game on 1 February 2001 as Sweden lost 0–1 to Finland, replacing Sharbel Touma in the 77th minute.

Personal life 
He was adopted from an orphanage in Cali, Colombia to Sweden at an early age. After his footballing career he has worked as a personal trainer.

References

External links

 
 

1981 births
Living people
Swedish men's footballers
Sweden men's international footballers
Örgryte IS players
Raufoss IL players
Allsvenskan players
Norwegian First Division players
Swedish expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Iceland
Expatriate men's footballers in Norway
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in Norway
Men's association football forwards
Footballers from Cali
Magdalena Mixtepec is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 11.48 km². 
It is part of the Zimatlán District in the west of the Valles Centrales Region.

A civil congregation existed in the town around the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries. The town was previously known as Magdalena Tepex Zimatlán, but was renamed as the parish of Santa Cruz de Mixtepec.

Demography
As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 1,101. There are a handful of the near-extinct Asunción Mixtepec Zapotec language speakers remaining in the town.

References

Municipalities of Oaxaca
The Silesian Digital Library ( (ŚBC)), abbreviated as SDL – a digital library co-created by various institutions representing the area of culture, education and science in the historical Silesia and the Silesian Voivodeship, Poland.

Overview
The Silesian Digital Library is divided into collections: Bibliophile collection, Cultural heritage, Educational and Scientific Materials, Miscellanea and Regional. The collections present cultural heritage of the region, national, European and world cultural heritage collected in the region, scientific publications, educational and teaching materials, and other contributed by participating institutions. 

The Silesian Digital Library is included in the national system of digital libraries, and therefore also enables direct access to materials published in other regional and institutional digital libraries. Descriptions of publications of the Silesian Digital Library are indexed and can be searched by global search engines. The SDL offers 5 language versions of the user interface: Polish, English, German, French and Czech.

Organization 
Digital content of the Silesian Digital Library is created distributively by each participating institution of the SDL. Participants publish on equal rights and each of them decides autonomously which publications and how many of them will be published. Resources published in the SDL are available to non-commercial users free of charge. Conditions of commercial use of the SDL materials depend on the decision of copyright owners of digital publications. Each Participant takes responsibility for solving the problem of copyright, making sure the rights are terminated or concluding an agreement with an owner of the rights.

The organizational coordinator of the SDL is the Silesian Library in Katowice. The SDL content and its main infrastructure is situated in the Silesian Library which supports the SDL domains, provides the Internet connection and administers its system.

History 

The Silesian Digital Library (SDL) was initiated by the founding Agreement between the Silesian Library in Katowice and the University of Silesia signed on July 20, 2006 by Prof. Janusz Janeczek (Rector of the University of Silesia) and Prof. Jan Malicki (Director of the Silesian Library). The aim of the agreement was to work out the principles of open participation of other institutions in the region.

Principles of co-creation of the SDL are regulated by the Agreement on co-creation of the Silesian Digital Library, which has been established together by all institutions declaring the participation in the SDL, on October 24, 2006. The agreement is open in its character and all institutions sharing its aims and representing the area of culture, education and science can participate in it. The official opening of the Silesian Digital Library took place on September 27, 2006 and was carried out by the Vice-Marshal of the Śląskie (Silesian) Voivodeship Sergiusz Karpiński.

External links
 The Silesian Digital Library

Silesian culture
Polish digital libraries
Mozambique participated at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 6 October to 18 October 2018.

Competitors

Athletics

Beach volleyball

Mozambique had 2 teams; a boys' and a girls'.

Canoeing

Mozambique was given one boat to compete by the tripartite committee.

 Girls' C1 - 1 boat

References

You
Nations at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics
Mozambique at the Youth Olympics
The Examined Life is a 1989 collection of philosophical meditations by Robert Nozick.

The Examined Life may also refer to:

 The Examined Life, a 2010 book by Theodore Dalrymple
 The Examined Life (Stephen Grosz book), a 2013 collection of essays by the psychoanalyst Stephen Grosz
 Examined Life, a 2008 film by Astra Taylor

See also
 "The unexamined life is not worth living", a dictum apparently uttered by Socrates, as described in Plato's Apology
The Baloch Students Organization-Awami or BSO-Awami was founded in 1972, when it split from the Baloch Students Organization (BSO). It supported Baluch People's Liberation Front, a militant organization in Balochistan against Pakistani control. The organisation was Marxist-Leninist in its ideology. It was against the sardari system in Balochistan.

Taj Baloch was the first chairman. He is currently in the government service. Abdul Nabi Bangulzai, a guerilla leader, was the second chairman. The third chairman was Mulla Baksh Dasthi. He was killed by unknown gunmen in 2011.

BNSO, (Baloch National Students Organization) is led by AasKaan Baloch.

References

Further reading
 Adnan Amir, Resistance and Splits Mark the Story of BSO, Viewpoint, 19 June 2014.
 Albert J. Jongman, Alex Peter Schmid, Political Terrorism: A New Guide to Actors, Authors, Concepts, Data Bases, Theories, & Literature, 

Baloch nationalist militant groups
Baloch Students Organization
Parmanand Singh (born 1905) was one of the three Indo-Fijians elected to the Legislative Council of Fiji in October 1929 when Indo-Fijians were given the first opportunity to elect their own representatives. The other two were Vishnu Deo and James Ramchandar Rao. Singh was a landlord from Ba and undertook several business ventures which included publishing newspapers.

Biography
Parmanand Singh was born in Yalalevu in the Ba District of Fiji in 1905. His parents had come to Fiji as indentured labourers and prospered in the opportunities available after indenture. He was educated at Auckland College, graduating in 1923. While in New Zealand, he played rugby, a game rarely played by Fiji Indians.

On his return to Fiji, he took advantage of a business opportunity by leasing land from Colonial Sugar Refining Company (CSR) and sub-leasing it to small farmers.

Like most rich farmers from Ba, he joined the Arya Samaj and was chosen by Vishnu Deo to contest the Northern & Western Division in the 1929 general elections, the first in which Indo-Fijians were allowed to vote. He won easily with the support of Deo and the Arya Samaj, an organisation to which most educated Fiji Indians belonged. However, two weeks after being sworn in he and the two other Indo-Fijians representatives resigned when a motion asking for equal political rights for Indo-Fijians was defeated.

He was opposed to the immigration of Punjabis and Gujaratis, a cause later taken up by his brother, Chattur Singh who was later also a member of the Legislative Council.

In 1948, he left for India for the education of his children and returned 3 years later.

He saw opportunities in the printing industry and established a printing press in Ba, which he used to publish a newspaper, Awaaz (The Voice) in the Hindi language. He was unable to keep the newspaper in circulation due to a natural disaster and poor staff. He then moved to Lautoka and in 1956, started publishing another newspaper, Jai Fiji, which remained in circulation until 1980.

The family involvement in Fijian politics has continued with his son, Anand Singh, also serving in the House of Representatives and Senate and as the Attorney General of Fiji in the Fiji Labour Party government of Mahendra Chaudhry from 1999 to 2000.

References 

1905 births
Year of death missing
Politicians from Ba (town)
Fijian Hindus
Arya Samajis in Fiji
Indian members of the Legislative Council of Fiji
Fijian businesspeople
Fijian publishers (people)
Fijian landlords
University of New Zealand alumni
20th-century landowners
Bahram Jalali is a professor and Northrop Grumman Opto-Electric Chair of Electrical Engineering at University of California, Los Angeles, mainly working in physical and wave electronics. He is also a published author of 10 books; the highest held book is in 125 libraries.

He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society, SPIE, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and The Optical Society. In 2007, he was given the Robert W. Wood Award by the Optical Society. He has been widely cited, the highest of which are both 1038 and 1030 times. In 2016, he led the research team involving image detection algorithms.

Jalali received his Ph.D. in Applied Physics at Columbia University in 1989 and worked with Bell Laboratories until 2002 before joining UCLA's faculty.

He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2022.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science faculty
American electrical engineers
Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the American Physical Society