Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Mossyrock Dam is a concrete arch-gravity dam on the Cowlitz River near Mossyrock in Lewis County, Washington, United States. The reservoir created by the dam is called Riffe Lake. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric production while flood control is a secondary function. The dam is the tallest in Washington state and its hydroelectric power station supplies 40% of Tacoma Power's electricity.

History
Planning for the Mossyrock Dam began in the 1940s but opposition from local fishers and Washington State's Fish and Wildlife Department delayed construction. During World War II, the city of Tacoma, Washington purchased its electricity from the Bonneville Power Administration and from Seattle, with costs of up to $1 million/year. To generate its own electricity, Tacoma City Light (now Tacoma Power) built several dams, including the Mossyrock Dam. Plans for the Mossyrock Dam were announced in 1948 but met stiff opposition. The Washington State Legislature enacted a fish sanctuary on the Cowlitz River that initially blocked the project. Tacoma City sued, with its suit being raised to the US Supreme Court a total of three times. After that, construction of the dam was approved. Construction began in 1965 and ended in 1968. On October 13, 1968, the dam's power plant generated its first electricity. Several towns were forced to evacuate ahead of the rising dam waters including Riffe, Nesika, and Kosmos.

Tacoma City Light originally proposed naming the facility the "Homer T. Bone Dam", in honor of Senator Homer Bone of Tacoma.

Power plant
The Mossyrock Dam's power plant contains two Francis turbine hydroelectric generators, each rated at 150 MW, or 300 MW total capacity. They are fed by three penstocks ranging from 248 – 285 feet in overall length. One of the three penstocks is presently unused, awaiting possible future installation of a third turbine.

Power plant upgrade
In 2006, GE Energy was selected to upgrade the two turbines. The $50 million project included replacing the turbines, stators, wicket gates and transformers. Installation of the first generator began in 2008; it began operation in 2009. Replacement of the second generator was completed in late 2010. The power plant upgrade increased the total capacity by 70 MW, with an expected overall energy conversion efficiency of near 95 percent.

See also
List of dams in the Columbia River watershed

References

External links

Tacoma News Tribune video of the Mossyrock Dam's power plant rebuild

Dams in Washington (state)
United States power company dams
Hydroelectric power plants in Washington (state)
Buildings and structures in Lewis County, Washington
Arch-gravity dams
Dams completed in 1968
Energy infrastructure completed in 1968
Tacoma Public Utilities
Scauniperga (fl. 756), was a duchess of Benevento. She was the mother of Liutprand of Benevento, and reigned by his side from 751 to 756. 

Scauniperga was married to Gisulf II, and became the head of the regency and regent of Benevento when her underage son succeeded to the Duchy in 751. During the regency, she had herself listed first in official documents and referred to as dux (Duke), the same title as that of her son. 
She supported King Aistulf by recognizing his authority and thus confirmed the duchy as a royal vassal state to the kingdom.

Sources
 Chris Wickham: The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe from 400 to 1000

Dukes of Benevento
8th-century women rulers
8th-century Lombard people
8th-century Italian women
Willema kumbona is a species of  butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It was described by Evans in 1937. It is found in Cameroon and Nigeria.

References

Butterflies described in 1937
Heteropterinae
The comparator hypothesis is a psychological model of associative learning and performance. To understand the model, it helps to consider how associative learning is usually studied. For example, to study the learning of an association between cues, such as lights and sounds, and an outcome such as food, an experimenter typically pairs the cues and the food a number of times (the learning phase) and then tests with one or more of the cues to see if a response has been learned (the test phase).  Most theories of associative learning have assumed that phenomena of interest (see Classical conditioning for a list of phenomena) depend on what happens during the learning phase.  The comparator hypothesis assumes, on the contrary, that what happens during the learning phase is fairly simple, and that most interesting phenomena depend on what happens during the test phase.  The comparator hypothesis arose primarily in response to so-called “cue competition” effects.  If for example in classical conditioning, two conditioned stimuli A and B are presented with an unconditioned stimulus, one may find on test that the subject responds to A or to B or to both or not very much to either. How can one account for such varied results? 
 
First proposed by Ralph Miller'  the comparator hypothesis is a model of Pavlovian associations which posits that cue competition effects arise at the time of test, that is during performance, not during learning. The model assumes, essentially, that during conditioning the subject acquires both CS-US and context-US associations. At the time of the test, the associations are compared, and a response to a CS occurs only if the CS-US association is stronger than the context-US association.  The model was initially proposed to account for unexplained variations in cue competition effects such as recovery from blocking, but has been expanded to apply more broadly to learning phenomena.    The success of the hypothesis has led to modifications in existing theories, such as Wagner's SOP and the Rescorla-Wagner model, enabling them to explain such phenomena as retrospective reevaluation, but other phenomena such as counteraction still pose difficulties for most models. 

Recently Ghirlanda and Ibadullayev studied Stout and Miller's mathematical formulation of the comparator hypothesis, and compared its predictions with a variety of experimental results.  They concluded that "...all versions of comparator theory make a number of surprising predictions, some of which appear hard to reconcile with empirical data."

References

Psychology of learning
Motivation
William Likely III (born September 13, 1994) is an American football cornerback for the Houston Roughnecks of the XFL. He played college football at the University of Maryland, College Park.

On September 5, 2015, Likely broke a 76-year-old Big Ten Conference single-game record when he returned 8 punts for 233 yards in the season opener against Richmond. He was selected by both the coaches and media as a first-team return specialist and also by the coaches as a first-team defensive back on the 2015 All-Big Ten Conference football team.

College career
Likely played for the Maryland Terrapins from 2013 to 2016.

Maryland career records
 Single-season interception return yards (170, 2014)
 Single-season interceptions returned for TD (2, 2014)
 Single-game kickoff return yards (228 yards vs. Michigan State, 2014)
 Single-game punt return yards (233 yards vs. Richmond, 2015)
 Co-longest kickoff return average in a season (31.0 yards, 2014)
 Co-longest kickoff return (100 yards vs. Stanford, 2014)

Professional career

New England Patriots
Likely signed with the Patriots as an undrafted free agent on June 5, 2017. He was waived on September 2, 2017.

Toronto Argonauts
The Toronto Argonauts signed Likely to their practice squad on August 21, 2018.

Hamilton Tiger-Cats
Likely was signed to the Hamilton Tiger-Cats' practice roster on June 18, 2019. He was promoted to the active roster on July 12, and demoted to the practice roster on July 31. He was promoted again on September 19, and demoted again on September 26. He was released from the practice roster after the season on November 26, 2019.

DC Defenders
Likely signed with the DC Defenders of the XFL during mini-camp in December 2019. He was waived during final roster cuts on January 22, 2020.

Houston Gamblers
Likely was selected in the 9th round of the 2022 USFL Draft by the Houston Gamblers.

Houston Roughnecks
The Houston Roughnecks selected Likely in the first round of the 2023 XFL Supplemental Draft on January 1, 2023.

Notes

References

External links 
Maryland Terrapins bio

1994 births
Living people
American football defensive backs
American football return specialists
Maryland Terrapins football players
New England Patriots players
Players of American football from Belle Glade, Florida
Hamilton Tiger-Cats players
Toronto Argonauts players
Canadian football defensive backs
American players of Canadian football
DC Defenders players
Houston Gamblers (2022) players
Houston Roughnecks players
The Poncione dei Laghetti (also known as Poncione della Bolla) is a mountain of the Lepontine Alps, overlooking the lakes Lago del Narèt and Lago del Sambuco in the canton of Ticino.

References

External links
 Poncione dei Laghetti on Hikr

Mountains of the Alps
Mountains of Switzerland
Mountains of Ticino
Lepontine Alps
This is a list of seasons completed by the Memphis Tigers men's college basketball team.

Seasons

 The 1982–1986 NCAA tournament records were vacated by the NCAA.
 The 2007–08 season was vacated by the NCAA.

Notes

Memphis Tigers
 
Memphis Tigers basketball seasons
Mae Sao () is a tambon (subdistrict) of Mae Ai District, in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. In 2020 it had a total population of 12,546 people.

Administration

Central administration
The tambon is subdivided into 16 administrative villages (muban).

Local administration
The whole area of the subdistrict is covered by the subdistrict administrative organization (SAO) Mae Sao (องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลแม่สาว).

References

External links
Thaitambon.com on Mae Sao

Tambon of Chiang Mai province
Populated places in Chiang Mai province
Harold Bridges (30 June 1915 – 1989) was an English footballer, who played as an inside forward in the Football League for Tranmere Rovers.

References

External links

Tranmere Rovers F.C. players
Manchester City F.C. players
Witton Albion F.C. players
Men's association football inside forwards
English Football League players
1915 births
1989 deaths
English men's footballers
Footballers from Burton upon Trent
Negotiations is the fifth full-length album by the Beaverton, Oregon-based band The Helio Sequence, and their third release on US label Sub Pop. It was released on September 11, 2012. On May 1, 2020, the band released Aces: A Quadrophonic Surround Companion for Negotiations which was meant to be played simultaneously with Negotiations for "an enhanced spatial experience".

Track listing

References

External links
 The Helio Sequence on Sub Pop
 Negotiations on Sub Pop

2012 albums
The Helio Sequence albums
Sub Pop albums
Tamolwan Khetkhuan (born 9 June 1997) is a Thai table tennis player. Her highest career ITTF ranking was 99.

References

1997 births
Living people
Tamolwan Khetkhuan
Table tennis players at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics
Table tennis players at the 2014 Asian Games
Table tennis players at the 2018 Asian Games
Tamolwan Khetkhuan
Tamolwan Khetkhuan
Tamolwan Khetkhuan
SEA Games medalists in table tennis
Tamolwan Khetkhuan
Augusto Tiezzi (1910–1990) was an Italian cinematographer who worked on more than 70 films during his career including Hercules and the Masked Rider (1963).

Selected filmography
 Villafranca (1934)
 The Two Sergeants (1936)
 White Amazons (1936)
 No Man's Land (1939)
 The Sin of Rogelia Sanchez (1940)
 Saint Rogelia (1940)
 Guilt Is Not Mine (1952)
 What Price Innocence? (1952)
 It Takes Two to Sin in Love (1954)
 Barrier of the Law (1954)
 The Island Monster (1954)
 Tears of Love (1954)
 The Knight of the Black Sword (1956)
 Serenata a Maria (1957)
 Attack of the Moors (1959)
 Queen of the Seas (1961)
 Hercules and the Masked Rider (1963)
 Assault on the State Treasure (1967)
 The Son of Black Eagle (1968)

References

Bibliography 
 Klossner, Michael. The Europe of 1500-1815 on film and television. McFarland & Co, 2002.

External links 
 

1910 births
1990 deaths
Italian cinematographers
Speak, Bird, Speak Again: A book of Palestinian folk tales is a book first published in English in 1989 by Palestinian authors Ibrahim Muhawi and professor of sociology and anthropology at Bir Zeit University Sharif Kanaana.

After the original English book of 1989, a French version, published by UNESCO, followed in 1997, and an Arabic one  in Lebanon in 2001.

The book contains a collection of 45 Palestinian folk tales drawn from a collection of two hundred tales narrated by women from different areas of the region of Palestine (the Galilee, the West Bank, and Gaza). The stories collected were chosen on the basis of their popularity, their aesthetic and narrative qualities, and what they tell about popular Palestinian culture dating back many centuries. The authors spent 30 years collecting the material for the book.

The English version of the book is studied as part of literature courses at both University of California at Berkeley and Chicago University, and Kana'nah himself taught the study of the book in the masters programs at Bir Zeit University.

Some of the folk tales from Speak, Bird, Speak Again have been used in other collections/books:
Margareth Read MacDonald, Alik Arzoumanian (ill), (2006):  Tunjur! Tunjur! Tunjur! A Palestinian Folktale, , is based on the "Tunjur, Tunjur" story, first told by Fatme Abdel Qader, Arrabe, Galilee, for  Speak, Bird, Speak Again.
Sonia Nimr (Introduction by Ghada Karmi), (2007): Ghaddar the Ghoul and other Palestinian Stories, , contains the story "Hasan and the Golden Feather", which is based on the story entitled "Bushel of Gold" (or "The Golden Pail") in   Speak, Bird, Speak Again.

Controversy

In 2007, the Hamas-run Palestinian Authority (PA) banned the book  and issued a directive to pull Professor Kanaana's book from school libraries and destroy it, however, the ban was later lifted. The book was misinterpreted, explained the author, "since it was not meant to be taught to children, as it is taught at the masters and doctorate level [in literature studies]."

The Palestinian novelist Zakariya Mohammed warned that Hamas' decision to ban the book, which is a collection of 45 folk tales, was "only the beginning" and he urged intellectuals to take action. He said: "If we don't stand up to the Islamists now, they won't stop confiscating books, songs and folklore".

See also
Palestinian literature

References

External references
Full online version

Arabian mythology
Palestinian culture
Collections of fairy tales
Hamas
Censorship in Islam
Islam-related controversies
Gordon Roger Parks Jr. (December 7, 1934April 3, 1979) was an American film director, best known for the 1972 film Super Fly.

Life and career
Parks was born to Sally Alvis and photographer and director Gordon Parks in Minneapolis in 1934. The younger Parks followed in his father's footsteps after his father had success with the blaxploitation hit Shaft (1971).

Parks was killed with three others when their small airplane crashed after takeoff near Nairobi, Kenya, where they had gone to make a film. He was 44 years old.

Filmography 
Super Fly (1972)
Three the Hard Way (1974)
Thomasine & Bushrod (1974)
Aaron Loves Angela (1975)
The Bushtrackers (1980) (started filming 1979 as Revenge; Gary Strieker finished)

References

External links 

Getty Images

1934 births
1979 deaths
African-American film directors
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Kenya
Blaxploitation film directors
Film directors from Minnesota
20th-century African-American people
Esteban Pavletich Trujillo (13 May 1906 - 8 February 1981) was a Croatian-Peruvian writer, journalist, and political activist.

Early life and education 
Esteban Pavletich Trujillo was born in Huánuco, Peru on 13 May 1906 to parents Esteban Pavletich Stiglich and Josefa Melida Trujillo Vega, a Croatian immigrant and a Huánuco native, respectively.

In 1925, at age 18, Pavletich became the president of the Federation of Students of the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, soon rising to the post of Minister of the Interior of the National Federation of Students. He was deported to Panama later that year for his activism.

Exile and political activism abroad 
Following his deportation from Peru, Pavletich became involved in many student, labor, and political movements throughout Central America. He became affiliated with the then-Mexico-based American Popular Revolutionary Alliance, and represented them at the headquarters of Augusto César Sandino's guerilla army in Mérida, Yucatán.

Return to Peru and literary career 
Following the overthrow of the dictator Augusto B. Leguía by Luis Miguel Sánchez in 1930, Pavletich attempted to return to Peru, upon the advice of Peruvian Communist Party leader José Carlos Mariátegui, but was deported by the Sánchez junta the following year, this time to Ecuador. Pavletich was able to escape en route to Ecuador, but was quickly recaptured, imprisoned in El Frontón, and then deported once again to Chile.

In 1933, following the transition from military junta to democratic government, Pavletich returned once more to Peru. There he became a journalist. The program of political liberalization led by President Manuel Prado Ugarteche (first elected in 1939, with the support of the APRA) allowed political activists to operate in the country much more openly. This allowed Pavletich to become more of a public figure. He became the director of El Peruano, the official daily newspaper of Peru, and his literary works garnered much public and critical acclaim.

Death 
Pavletich died in Lima on 8 February 1981, at the age of 74.

Awards and honors 
Pavletich won the National Novel Award of Peru in 1959 for his novel No se suicidan los muertes (English: The dead do not commit suicide).

In 1960, the French Minister of Culture, André Malraux, named Pavletich a Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters.

Works

Poetry 
 6 poemas de la revolución (1927)
 Revelación de Kotosh (1964)

Short stories 
 Tres Relatos (1959)
 La Verruga (1962)

Novels 
 Extraño caso de amor (1954)
 No se suicidan los muertos (1957)

Essays 
 Autopsia de Huánuco (1937)
 Emiliano Zapata precursor del agrarismo americano (1959)
 Bolívar periodista (1960)
 Un tal Gabriel Aguilar (1967)
 La Picaresca y la Ascética en la conquista de América (1990)

Historical Biography 
 Leoncio Prado (1939)

References 

1906 births
1981 deaths
6th CFCA Awards

Best Film: 
 Schindler's List 
The 6th Chicago Film Critics Association Awards honored the finest achievements in 1993 filmmaking.

Winners
 Best Actor: 
 Liam Neeson - Schindler's List
 Best Actress: 
 Holly Hunter - The Piano
 Best Cinematography: 
 Schindler's List - Janusz Kamiński
 Best Director: 
 Steven Spielberg - Schindler's List
 Most Promising Actor: 
 Leonardo DiCaprio - What's Eating Gilbert Grape
 Most Promising Actress: 
 Ashley Judd - Ruby in Paradise
 Best Film: 
 Schindler's List
 Best Foreign Language Film: 
 The Piano (Australia/New Zealand/France)
 Best Score: 
 "The Piano" - Michael Nyman
 Best Screenplay: 
 Schindler's List - Steven Zaillian
 Best Supporting Actor: 
 Ralph Fiennes - Schindler's List
 Best Supporting Actress: 
 Joan Allen - Searching for Bobby Fischer

References
http://www.chicagofilmcritics.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=49&Itemid=59

 1993
1993 film awards
Erica Fawn Gimpel (born June 25, 1964) is an American actress, singer, dancer, and composer. She is best known for her roles on television shows Fame as Coco Hernandez and on Profiler as Angel Brown. She is also known for her recurring roles on the television shows ER as Adele Newman and on Veronica Mars as Alicia Fennel.  From 2018 to 2020, Gimpel had a series regular role as Trish on the series God Friended Me.

Gimpel was a judge on RTÉ One's Fame: The Musical, an Irish TV talent show seeking a boy and a girl to play Nick and Serena respectively in the Irish touring production of Fame.

In January 2010, Gimpel released her first CD, Spread your Wings and Fly.

Personal life
Gimpel was born in Manhattan, New York in 1964. She graduated from New York's High School of Performing Arts a few months after she started filming her role as a student at the same school for the television show Fame. She had toured the United States and Europe with her mother, singer Phyllis Bash, who was in the opera Porgy and Bess. Her father was Joseph Gimpel, an actor, singer and writer.

Career

Film and television
Gimpel has starred in numerous primetime and streaming shows including NCIS: New Orleans, Chicago Med, Grey's Anatomy, Shut Eye, True Blood, Criminal Minds, Nikita, Rizzoli & Isles, House, ER, Profiler, and Veronica Mars. One of Gimpel's favorite projects was playing Trish on the CBS drama God Friended Me for two seasons. She played Ellie Fielding in Mayfair Witches and Brittany Arrington on The Night Agent.

On film, she has appeared in Tuesday Morning Ride (1995), Smoke, King of New York, No Such Thing, Freaky Friday, Romeo and Juliet in Harlem, and Sylvie's Love, and in the independent feature Bang Bang (2023).

Theater
Theater credits include originating the role of Mayme in Lynn Nottage's award-winning Intimate Apparel., Glory Bee in States of Shock,  and Nelly in Each Day Dies With Sleep. Gimpel received the Stage Raw Award for Best Solo Performance for her work in the one-woman play Sister by Michael Phillip Edwards.

Music
Gimpel composed and performed the song "This Moment" on God Friended Me. She also co-wrote and performed the song "Goodbye" on Babylon 5.

Filmography

Film

Television

See also 
 The Kids from "Fame"

References

External links

 

1964 births
Living people
Actresses from New York City
American expatriates in Ireland
Hispanic and Latino American actresses
People from Manhattan
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
African-American actresses
American television actresses
American film actresses
American stage actresses
Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School alumni
20th-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
21st-century African-American people
Nosratabad, Lorestan may refer to:

Nosratabad, Azna, a village in Azna County, Lorestan Province, Iran
Nosratabad, Delfan, a village in Delfan County, Lorestan Province, Iran
Nosratabad-e Olya, a village in Delfan County, Lorestan Province, Iran
Nosratabad-e Sofla, a village in Delfan County, Lorestan Province, Iran