Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The Mexican vihuela  is a guitar-like string instrument from 19th-century Mexico with five strings and typically played in mariachi  groups.

Description
Although the Mexican vihuela has the same name as the historical Spanish plucked string instrument, the two are distinct. The Mexican vihuela has more in common with the Timple Canario (see: timple) due to both having five strings and both having vaulted (convex) backs. The Mexican vihuela is tuned similarly to the guitar. The difference is that the open G, the D and the A strings are tuned an octave higher than a guitar thus giving it a tenor sound or a higher pitch. The gauge of the strings and the order in which they are applied is important in producing a soft sound or a punchy bold sound when the instrument is strummed (the strum is called a mánico, and also references rhythmic patterns). The implementation of the vihuela to a mariachi is to give a duet of sorts with the Spanish guitar, one having a low tuning while the vihuela has the higher tuning to complement each other. The optimal spot to strum this instrument is between the sound hole and the point where the fret board or neck meets the body of the instrument. This area is where a pick guard can be installed (the same linear area between the upper and lower bouts closest to the fingerboard.) The Mexican vihuela is a small, deep-bodied rhythm guitar built along the same lines as the guitarrón. The Mexican vihuela is used by Mariachi groups. This instrument is strummed with all of the fingernail tips to produce a rich, full and clear sound of the chords being played. A finger pick (la púa) on the pointer finger and or the second and third fingers, gives it a brighter and clearer sound when strummed. Many vihuela players have longer than normal fingernails on their strumming hand to facilitate their playing technique and to also get a clear crystal sound.

Notes and tuning

The vihuela has five nylon strings in reentrant tuning. Similar to the first five strings of a guitar, but with the third, fourth and fifth an octave above what one might expect.

Tuning: A-D-G-B-E – The A, D, and G are tuned one octave above a guitar.

Sources
 Blattman, Erica et al. (2002). "Mariachi Embraced in Our World"

References

External links
Relatives of the Lute: Vihuela, some collected knowledge of The Lute Society of America, Dartmouth College
Mexican music scores. Music sheets for vihuela in the Mariachi orchestra.

Guitar family instruments
Mexican musical instruments
Input lag or input latency is the amount of time that passes between sending an electrical signal and the occurrence of a corresponding action.

In video games the term is often used to describe any latency between input and the game engine, monitor, or any other part of the signal chain reacting to that input, though all contributions of input lag are cumulative.

Potential causes of delay from pressing a button to the game reacting
The potential causes for input lag are described below. Each step in the process, however small, increases total input lag, however the combined result may not be noticeable if all input lag is low enough.

Controller sends signal to console
For wired controllers, this lag is normally negligible. For wireless controllers, opinions vary as to the significance of this lag. Some people claim to notice extra lag when using a wireless controller, while other people claim that the 4–8 milliseconds of lag is negligible.

Console/PC processes next frame
A videogame console or PC will send out a new frame once it has finished performing the necessary calculations to create it. The amount of frames rendered per second (on average) is called the frame rate. Using common a 60 Hz monitor as an example, the maximum theoretical frame rate is 60 FPS (frames per second), which means the minimum theoretical input lag for the overall system is approximately . The monitor is usually the bottleneck for the theoretical maximum FPS, since there is little point in rendering more frames than the monitor can show. In situations where the CPU, GPU, memory, bus, etc. load is bottlenecked, FPS can drop below the monitor's refresh rate.

Individual frames need not be finished within the interval of a screen refresh to output at an equivalent rate. Game engines often make use of pipelined architectures to process multiple frames concurrently, allowing for a more efficient use of the underlying hardware. This exacerbates input lag, especially at low frame rates.

Display lag

This is the lag caused by the television or monitor (also called output lag). In addition to the latency imposed by the screen's pixel response time, any image processing (such as upscaling, motion smoothing, or edge smoothing) takes time and therefore adds more input lag. An input lag below 30 ms is generally considered unnoticeable in a television. Once the frame has been processed, the final step is the updating the pixels to display the correct color for the new frame. The time this takes is called the pixel response time.

Typical overall response times 
Testing has found that overall input lag (from human input to visible response) times of approximately  are distracting to the user. It also appears that (excluding the monitor/television display lag)  is an average response time and the most sensitive games (fighting games, first person shooters and rhythm games) achieve response times of  (excluding display lag).

See also 

 Response time (technology)

References
Input Lag Test: TVs from 2016 + 2017 Dein-Fernseher.de

Video hardware
Video game design
The Peculiar Exploits of Brigadier Ffellowes is a collection of fantasy short stories by Sterling E. Lanier.  The stories take the form of tall tales told in a bar or club, similar to the Jorkens stories of Lord Dunsany.  It was first published in New York by Walker in 1971, and in London by Sidgwick & Jackson in 1977. The English edition includes an introduction by Arthur C. Clarke. The collection was also published together with John Morressy's Frostworld and Dreamfire as the Sidgwick & Jackson double Science Fiction Special 35 in 1981. The stories originally appeared in issues of the Fantasy and Science Fiction between August, 1968 and July, 1970.

Contents
 "Introduction" (Arthur C. Clarke) (English edition and later American edition only)
 "His Only Safari" (1970)
 "The Kings of the Sea" (1968)
 "His Coat So Gay" (1965)
 "The Leftovers" (1969)
 "A Feminine Jurisdiction" (1969)
 "Fraternity Brother" (1969)
 "Soldier Key" (1968)

1971 short story collections
Fantasy short story collections
Walker Books books
Billieturnera helleri is a species of flowering plants belonging to the family Malvaceae. It is the sole species in genus Billieturnera. Its native range is Texas and northeastern Mexico.

References

Flora of Texas
Flora of Northeastern Mexico
Malvaceae
Malvaceae genera
Monotypic Malvales genera
Plants described in 1895
A system is a set of entities, real or abstract, comprising a whole.

System may also refer to:

Science and technology
 Biological system, a complex network of biological entities, for instance, a group of organs
 Ecosystem, an entity comprising a large number of organisms and their environment
 Energy system, an interpretation of the energy sector in system terms
 Binary system (disambiguation), term is used for multiple purposes, such as:
 Binary system (astronomy), a system of two celestial bodies on a mutual orbit
 Star or stellar system, is a system of any multiple number of stars
 Planetary system, gravitationally bound non-stellar objects in or out of orbit around a star or star system
 Satellite system (astronomy), is a set of gravitationally bound non-planetary objects in orbit of a planetary mass object or minor planet, or its barycenter
 Ring system, is a system of cosmic dust or moonlets, forming rings around, and gravitationally bound to a host non-stellar body.
 Physical system, that portion of the physical universe chosen for analysis
 Thermodynamic system, a body of matter and/or radiation, confined in space by walls, with defined permeabilities, which separate it from its surroundings
 Systems science, an interdisciplinary field that studies the nature of complex systems in nature, society, and science
 System (stratigraphy), a unit of the geologic record of a rock column
 Systems engineering, a field about design, integration, and management of complex systems
 System of equations, a set of mathematical equations

Computing
 Computer system, the combination of hardware and software which forms a complete, working computer
 Operating system
 system, a C process control function in the C Standard Library used to execute subprocesses and commands
 System (typeface), a raster font packaged with Microsoft Windows

Social science
 Economic system, covering the production and distribution of goods and services
 Social system, based on the interrelationships between individuals, groups, and institutions

Music
 System (music notation), a collection of staves to be played simultaneously
 System (Seal album), a 2007 album by Seal
 "System", a song by Jonathan Davis on his 2007 album Alone I Play
 "System", a song by Labelle on their 2008 album Back to Now
 "System", a song by Reks on his 2009 album More Grey Hairs
 System, a Danish electronic trio consisting of Anders Remmer, Jesper Skaaning, and Thomas Knak
 System of a Down, an Armenian-American heavy metal band also known as "System"

Other uses
 System (journal), a scientific journal
 System (magazine)
 When talking about plurality or multiplicity, "system" can be used to refer to all personas (or "headmates") present in a single body, taken together as a group.

See also
 Classic Mac OS versions 1 through 7 were known as "System 1" through "System 7"
 Meta-system, something composed of multiple smaller systems
 The System (disambiguation)
 Systematics (disambiguation)
 Systema (disambiguation)
 List of systems
 Government
 Law
 Bureaucracy
The following is a list of the bishops and archbishops of Warsaw. On 30 June 1818, the see was elevated to the rank of an archdiocese.

Also included are the auxiliary bishops.

Bishops of Warsaw:
Józef Miaskowski, 1798–1804
, Apostolic Administrator 1806–1818

Archbishops of Warsaw:
Franciszek Malczewski, 1818–1819
Szczepan Hołowczyc, 1819–1823
Wojciech Skarszewski, 1824–1827
Jan Paweł Woronicz, 1828–1829
Stanisław Kostka Choromański, 1836–1838
Tomasz Chmielewski, 1836–1844
Antoni Melchior Fijałkowski, Apostolic Administrator 1844–1856, Archbishop 1856–1861
Antoni Białobrzeski, 1861–1862
Zygmunt Szczęsny Feliński, 1862–1883
Wincenty Teofil Popiel, 1883–1912
Aleksander Kakowski, 1913–1938
Stanisław Gall, Apostolic Administrator 1940–1942
Antoni Szlagowski, vicary 1942–1946
August Hlond, 1946–1948
Stefan Wyszyński, 1948–1981
Józef Glemp, 1981–2007
Stanisław Wielgus, 2007
Kazimierz Nycz, since 3 March 2007

Auxiliary bishops
John Baptist Albertrandi, 1798–1808
Daniel Ostrowski, 1818–1831
Mikołaj Jan Mangulewicz, 1822–1825
Franciszek Pawłowski, 1827–1829
Tomasz Chmielewski, 1837–1844
Jan Dekert, 1859–1861
Henryk Ludwik Plater, 1859–1868
Kazimierz Ruszkiewicz, 1884–1925
Stanisław Gall, 1918–1919, 1933–1940
Władysław Szcześniak, 1925–1926
Antoni Szlagowski, 1928–1956
Zygmunt Choromański, 1946–1968
Wacław Majewski, 1946–1983
Jerzy Modzelewski, 1959–1986
Bronisław Dąbrowski, 1962–1993
Władysław Miziołek, 1969–1992
Zbigniew Józef Kraszewski, 1970–1992
Kazimierz Romaniuk, 1982–1992
Marian Duś, 1986–2013
Stanisław Kędziora, 1987–1992
Józef Zawitkowski, 1990–1992
Piotr Jarecki, since 1994
Tadeusz Pikus, 1999–2014
Rafał Markowski, since 2013
Józef Górzyński, 2013–2015
Michał Janocha, since 2015

References 
 Piotr Nitecki, Biskupi Kościoła w Polsce w latach 965 - 1999, Warszawa 2000, .

 
Warsaw
Bishops and archbishops of Warsaw
Bishops
Bishops
Wycinanki () in Poland or  Vytynanky (Витина́нки) in Ukraine or  Vycinanki (Выцінанкі) in Belarus, is a Slavic version of the art form of papercutting, popular in Belarus, Poland, and Ukraine.

Belarus 
 
Vycinanka is also known as vyrazanka or vystryhanka.  Viačaslaŭ Dubinka was key in reviving in Belarus the folk art of paper cutting images with scissors. Repeatedly the winner of international competitions, he left behind thousands of images with this technique. His works have adorned calendars, business cards, notepads, postcards and other items.

Poland 

Polish wycinanki became a popular folk craft in the mid-1800s.

Wycinanki originated with shepherds cutting designs out of tree bark and leather. Colorful wycinanki were pasted on furniture or roof beams as decoration, hung in windows, and given as gifts.

Wycinanki vary by region. For example, wycinanki created in the Kurpie region are typically all one color, while wycinanki from the Łowicz region are multicolored.  Techniques include cutting, clipping, punching, tearing, and carving of paper, as well as nalepianki in which multiple layers are glued together.

Subject matter includes peacocks, roosters, and other birds; circular or star-shaped medallions (gwiazdy); flowers; and annual holidays such as Easter and Christmas. In some towns and villages competitions evolved to create the most beautiful wycinanki.  Traditionally done for relaxation in rural Poland, the techniques were passed down through generations, with new themes and ideas developing as the papercuttings became more detailed and intricate.

The Polish Pavilion at the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai is based on a wycinanki design.

Ukraine 
Historical evidence suggests that vytynanky began to be made in Ukraine at the end of the fifteenth to early sixteenth century, but it took quite some time before they became an integral part of the decorative arts practiced at the grass roots level. During the nineteenth century decorative paper cutouts spread all across the Ukrainian countryside.

The word itself, vytynanky, gained currency in the early twentieth century, but there were many other, regional words that were used too — stryhuntsi, khrestyky or kvity to mention but a few. The vytynanky shapes were of many kinds and represented stylized figures of people, animals and plants. Ethnographers and art historians began to study the art of vytynanky, and artists began to seek inspiration for their art in vytynanky. Articles and essays were published, vytynanky began to be collected. Vytynanky were displayed at exhibitions of the Ukrainian decorative and applied arts alongside traditional pottery, embroidery, rugs and other items.

Vytynanky that were made for the occasions of religious feasts and holidays were more decorative than the ones used for everyday decoration. Christmas and Easter called for vytynanky in the shapes of angels, churches or even whole evangelical scenes to be pasted prominently on the walls. Marriages saw vytynanky in the shapes of doves, flowers, or the ones that formed “trees of life.”

Notes

External links
 Wycinanki gallery - art and essays

Paper art
Ukrainian art
Polish art
Artistic techniques
Anke Spoorendonk (born 21 September 1947 in Busdorf) is a German politician from the South Schleswig Voters' Association (SSW). From 12 June 2012, until 28 June 2017 she was the Minister of Justice, Culture and European Affairs in the state government of Schleswig-Holstein.

Life 
Spoorendonk is a part of the Danish minority in Schleswig-Holstein. In 1976, she graduated from the University of Copenhagen with a master's degree in German studies and History. From 1977 to 1996 she was a teacher at the Duborg-Skolen in Flensburg.
Spoorendonk is a widow and has two children.

Political life 
From 1996 to 2012, she was a member of the Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein, representing the SSW, which represents the interests of the Danish and the Frisian minorities. In this period she was as well the leader of the SSW group in the state parliament.

After the 2012 election, she was appointed minister for Justice, Culture and European Affairs in the newly formed coalition government called Danish traffic light coalition which consisted of the Social Democrats, the Green Party and the SSW. It was the first time in history that this coalition has been formed. The government was led by the Social Democrat Torsten Albig.

Because of her appointment as a minister, she resigned her office as a member of the Landtag to pass it on to another representative from her party the SSW.

References

External links 
 

1947 births
Living people
German people of Danish descent
University of Copenhagen alumni
People from Schleswig-Flensburg
21st-century German women politicians
Ministers of the Schleswig-Holstein State Government
South Schleswig Voters' Association politicians
Women government ministers of Germany
Trương Văn Hiến (張文獻, ?–?), also called Giáo Hiến (教獻, lit. "Teacher Hiến"), was a scholar of Revival Lê dynasty, Vietnam.

Born in Nghệ An, he was a retainer of Trương Văn Hạnh. Hạnh was a teacher of Nguyễn Phúc Luân. In 1765, lord Nguyễn Phúc Khoát died, and appointed Luân as successor. But Trương Phúc Loan changed the lord's will and throned Nguyễn Phúc Thuần, the new lord. Luân and his supporters were thrown into prison and killed, including Hạnh.

Trương Văn Hiến had to flee to Quy Nhơn. There, he built a school to teach Confucianism and martial arts. The Tây Sơn brothers, Nguyễn Nhạc, Nguyễn Lữ and Nguyễn Huệ, were his students. He also encouraged the brothers to revolt against Nguyễn lords. Finally, they rebelled in 1771.

His son, Trương Văn Đa, was a general of the Tây Sơn dynasty, and married a daughter of Nguyễn Nhạc.

References

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
People of Revival Lê dynasty
People from Nghệ An province
Tây Sơn dynasty
18th-century Vietnamese people
Martin Keller may refer to:

 Martin Keller (psychiatrist), American psychiatrist
 Martin Keller (athlete) (born 1986), German track and field sprint athlete
Irma Patkós (8 March 1900 – 24 October 1996) was a Hungarian film actress. She appeared in 40 films between 1957 and 1994.

Selected filmography
 A Strange Role (1976)
 My Father's Happy Years (1977)
 Cserepek (1980)
 Sweet Emma, Dear Böbe (1992)

External links

1900 births
1996 deaths
Hungarian film actresses
20th-century Hungarian actresses
Meckelin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM67 gene.

Function 

The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the primary cilium and to the plasma membrane. The gene functions in centriole migration to the apical membrane and formation of the primary cilium. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Clinical significance 

Defects in this gene are a cause of Meckel syndrome type 3 (MKS3), nephronophthisis and Joubert syndrome type 6 (JBTS6).

See also
 Meckel syndrome

References

Further reading
Poplyfe (also stylized in all caps) was a teen pop band from Oakland, California, that was a contestant on season 6 of America's Got Talent. They finished in fourth place on the show after performing a medley by Queen in the finals.

The band's members were Kehlani Parrish, Dylan Wiggins, Jaden Wiggins, Dillon Ingram, Denzel Merritt and Ali-Khan Lochin. They have featured various musicians and vocalists, including Zendaya, Gabi Wilson, Cole Berliner, Jared Anderson and Chasity Hinson. On America's Got Talent, their performers ranged in age from 13 to 18. Both Dylan and Jaden Wiggins are sons of producer D'wayne Wiggins, a member of Tony! Toni! Toné! and Poplyfe's producer. Lochin is a cousin of the Wiggins brothers. Most of the group's members are students at Oakland School for the Arts.

Poplyfe toured with Disney's Shake It Up star Zendaya on her Swag It Out Tour. 

Poplyfe member Kehlani Parrish left PopLyfe soon after the end of America's Got Talent due to several managerial and contractual disputes, with the rest of the band officially disbanding in June 2012. In July of that year, Parrish briefly toured with Ingram and Merrit under the name CONTRABAND.

See also
America's Got Talent (season 6)
Swag It Out Tour

References

External links

America's Got Talent contestants
Kehlani
Musical groups from Oakland, California
The seventh and penultimate series of Gladiators aired in the UK from 5 September to 12 December 1998.

Gladiators

Episodes

 Maria scored five points at first, but one of Maria's fans challenged that Siren's chest plate was hit a second time in Dogfight, even though there was no signal. The fans urged a video review. After review, John Anderson declared the chest plate was hit a second time, and therefore Maria was awarded an additional five points. Ten points for this event.

References

1998 British television seasons
series seven
Art Taylor is an American short story writer, book critic and an English professor.

Early life and education
Taylor was born and raised in Richlands, North Carolina. He graduated from Episcopal High School, a private school in Alexandria, Virginia. He went onto Yale University where in 1990 he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts, and he received a Master of Arts in 2003 from North Carolina State University and a Master of Fine Arts in 2006 from George Mason University.

Career
Taylor's short fiction won an Edgar Award in 2019; an Anthony Award in 2015; Agatha Awards in 2014, 2015, and 2017; Macavity Awards in 2014, 2017, 2019, and 2020; and four Derringer Awards: for Best Novelette in 2011 and 2021 and for Best Long Story in 2012 and 2013. He is the author of On the Road with Del & Louise: A Novel in Stories (2015), which won the Agatha Award for Best First Novel in 2016. He edited Murder Under the Oaks: Bouchercon Anthology 2015, which won the Anthony Award for Best Anthology or Collection in 2016. In addition to writing fiction, he also reviews mysteries and thrillers for The Washington Post and contributes to Mystery Scene magazine.

He is an assistant professor of English at George Mason University.

Bibliography

On the Road With Del & Louise: A Novel in Stories (2015). 
The Boy Detective & The Summer of '74 and Other Tales of Suspense (2020). 
The Adventure of the Castle Thief and Other Expeditions and Indiscretions (2023).

Personal life
Taylor is married to editor and novelist Tara Laskowski, and they have one son, Dash.

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American short story writers
American literary critics
Agatha Award winners
Macavity Award winners
George Mason University faculty
George Mason University alumni
American male short story writers
American male non-fiction writers
Anthony Award winners
Naram () in Iran may refer to:
 Naram, Mazandaran
 Naram, South Khorasan