Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
According to the United States Geological Survey, Vietnam is estimated to hold the world's third-largest bauxite ore reserves, after Guinea and Australia. The majority of Vietnam's reserves are located in the Central Highlands (Tây Nguyên) and have only been minimally mined. Bauxite is typically strip mined and is used to produce aluminum. According to estimates by Vietnam's Ministry of Industry and Trade, Vietnam's reserves in the Central Highlands amount to 5.4 billion tons. Despite its large reserves, Vietnam produces only 30,000 tons of bauxite per year.

21st century plans for bauxite production expansion 

A draft mining plan for bauxite was approved by the Vietnamese government in 2007. Vinacomin, a Vietnamese mining company, has laid out a plan for 6 bauxite mining projects covering over 1800 square kilometers in Vietnam's mountainous Central Highlands. The first two processing plants for the plan have been contracted to Chalco, a Chinese mining company. The Nhan Co project in Đắk Nông Province and the Tan Rai complex in Lâm Đồng Province are expected to produce 600,000 tons of alumina per year. Vietnam has indicated that it needs about $15.6 billion to invest in major bauxite and alumina refining projects by 2025. Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng has approved several large mining projects for the Central Highlands, asserting that bauxite exploitation is "a major policy of the party and the state."

The mining plans have met with strong criticism from scientists, environmentalists and Vietnam's general population. Forests and agricultural land used by coffee and tea farmers are threatened by the plans and opponents have raised concerns about the toxic waste red mud generated through the refinement of bauxite. Vietnamese general Võ Nguyên Giáp has offered strong criticism of the plans, saying that a 1980s study led to experts advising against mining due to severe ecological damage.

In March 2010, Google indicated that malicious software targeting Vietnamese opponents of bauxite mining had infected potentially tens of thousands of users. The malware was used in denial-of-service attacks against dissenting political blogs and installed itself after users downloaded altered Vietnamese language software. The malware was also used to spy on users. The cyber attacks appeared to be a politically motivated attack, according to George Kurtz of McAfee. Vietnamese Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Nguyen Phuong Nga claimed such comments were groundless.

In November 2010, Nguyen Tan Dung, the prime minister of Vietnam, announced that Vietnam's bauxite deposits might total 11,000 Mt; this would be the largest in the world.

Companies involved
 Vinacomin (Vietnam National Coal and Mineral Industries Group)
 United Company RUSAL has struck a deal with a Vietnamese firm to build an alumina refinery using bauxite from a deposit in the Bình Phước Province
 Chalco, (Aluminum Corporation of China Limited)

References

See also
 List of countries by aluminium production

No-U Movement
Mining in Vietnam
Vietnam
Aluminium in Vietnam
Lentzea californiensis is a bacterium from the genus Lentzea which has been isolated from soil in California.

References

Pseudonocardiales
Bacteria described in 2001
Karl Graf von der Gröben (17 September 1788 – 13 July 1876) was a Prussian general.

Biography 
Von der Gröben was born in Schrengen, East Prussia (today Linkowo, Poland) and joined the Prussian Army in 1806. He served under Anton Wilhelm von L'Estocq in the Napoleonic war of 1806/07. In 1812 Gröben left the Prussian Army after Prussia had to deploy subsidiary troops in Napoleon's Russian campaign and joined the Imperial Russian Army instead. He took part in the Battles of Lützen and Bautzen and returned to Prussian service, promoted to a Rittmeister in the Prussian General Staff in August 1813. Von der Gröben was wounded throughout the Battle of Dresden and fought in the Battle of Kulm and the Battle of Leipzig. In 1814 Gröben fought at Luxembourg and was again wounded at Gué-à-Trème. In July 1814 he was promoted to a Major and fought in the Battles of Ligny and Waterloo in 1815. He became a lieutenant colonel and served in the Prussian High Command of the Rhine at Koblenz.

In 1817 von der Gröben served in Breslau as Chief of Staff and in 1824 as Chief of Staff of the II Army Corps. In 1829 he became the personal adjutant of the Prussian crown prince, the future Frederick William IV of Prussia and commander of the 3rd Cavalry Brigade in 1834 and the 14th Division in 1838.

Von der Gröben was promoted to lieutenant general in 1842 and became the general adjutant of Frederick William IV of Prussia in 1843. Throughout the Spring of Nations in March 1848 he commanded the VII Army Corps and fought against the revolutionary forces in Baden in 1849 as the Commanding Officer of the Prussian Army of the Rhine. He was promoted to the rank of General of the Cavalry in 1852.

In 1854 he became a member of the Prussian House of Lords and retired from military service in 1858. He lived on his estate of Neudörfchen near Marienwerder (Kwidzyn), where he died. 

Gröben was married to Thusnelda née von Dörnberg and had five sons.

Honours and awards
  Kingdom of Prussia: Pour le Mérite (military), 15 July 1808; with Oak Leaves, July 1849; with Crown, 13 January 1857
 : Commander of the Military Karl-Friedrich Merit Order, 1849

Notes

References 

1788 births
1876 deaths
People from Kętrzyn County
Military personnel from East Prussia
Counts of Germany
Members of the Prussian House of Lords
Generals of Cavalry (Prussia)
Prussian Army personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)
The Basha'ir al-Nasr Brigade (, meaning the signs of victory Brigade), was an opposition group active in the Syrian Civil War. According to the Russian UN ambassador Vitaly Churkin, the group was affiliated with the Free Syrian Army and was known to produce rocket-propelled unguided missiles in the north of Syria.

The Khan al-Assal chemical attack

On 19 March 2013, a rocket filled with sarin was used in the Khan al-Assal chemical attack. According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights the attack resulted in at least 26 fatalities (including 16 government soldiers and 10 civilians), and more than 86 injuries. A Russian investigation team that obtained samples in Khan al-Asal from 23 to 25 March 2013, found evidence that the rocket used in the attack was an artisan-type similar in type and parameters to the Basha'ir-3 unguided rockets, made by the Basha'ir al-Nasr Brigade since February 2013.

Basha’ir al-Nasr in Deir ez-Zor
According to Foreign Policy, the group, a part of the group, or a group with a similar name was based in Deir ez-Zor. According to Fars News, a number of the group's members were killed in the Al Meri'iyaeh area southeast of the Deir ez-Zor Airport on 6 July 2013.

See also
List of armed groups in the Syrian Civil War

External links
 www.youtube.com/channel
 plus.google.com
 twitter.com/bashayeralnasr
 www.facebook.com/BashaerAlnasrIdleb

References

Anti-government factions of the Syrian civil war
The learning pyramid (also known as “the cone of learning”, “the learning cone”, “the cone of retention”, “the pyramid of learning”, or “the pyramid of retention”) is a group of popular learning models and representations relating different degrees of retention induced from various type of learning. The representations is generally via percentages and discrete layers within a "pyramid of learning". The divide is generally 10, 20, 30, 50 and 90 percent.

Description 
The earliest such representation is believed to originate in a 1954 book called Audio-Visual Methods in Teaching.
A pyramid model was developed by the National Training Laboratories Institute in the early 1960s, on its main campus in Bethel, Maine, for which the original, internal research has been lost. This NTL's learning pyramid model still became a central representation of this concept with a large number of models drawing from it.
This NTL's model generally displays the following representation.

Criticisms 
Criticism emerged on early versions of the model such as Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience. Critics reported inconsistencies between the pyramid of learning and research. The NTL learning pyramid study being lost, the field largely stands on an unknown methodology of unknown quality, with unknown mitigation of influential parameters such as time, population tested, etc., making the original study's results untrustworthy.

References 

Cognitive science
Psychology of learning
Developmental psychology
Intelligence
Neuropsychological assessment
Ignore the White Culture is the fourth studio album by Missing Foundation, released in 1990 by Restless Records.

Track listing

Personnel 
Adapted from Ignore the White Culture liner notes.

Missing Foundation
 Mark Ashwill – drums-metal
 Chris Egan – drums
adam nodelman;- bass
 Florian Langmaack – drums-sax
 Peter Missing – metal-vocals

Production and additional personnel
 Missing Foundation – production
 Jim Waters – production

Release history

References

External links 
 Ignore the White Culture at Discogs (list of releases)

1990 albums
Missing Foundation albums
Restless Records albums
"There It Is" is a funk song by James Brown. It was arranged by Dave Matthews. Released as a two-part single in 1972, it charted #4 R&B and #43 Pop. Both parts of the song also appeared on an album of the same name.

A live performance of "There It Is" is included on the 1988 compilation album Motherlode.

References

James Brown songs
Songs written by James Brown
1972 singles
1972 songs
D2-MAC is a satellite television transmission standard, a member of Multiplexed Analogue Components family. It was created to solve D-MAC's bandwidth usage by further reducing it, allowing usage of the system on cable and satellite broadcast. It could carry four high quality (15 kHz bandwidth) sound channels or eight lower quality audio channels. It was adopted by Scandinavian, German and French satellite broadcasts (CNBC Europe, TV3 (Sweden), TV3 (Denmark), EuroSport, NRK 1, TV-Sat 2, TDF 1, TDF 2, etc). The system was used until July 2006 in Scandinavia and until the mid-1990s for German and French sound channels.

Technical details 

MAC transmits luminance and chrominance data separately in time rather than separately in frequency (as other analog television formats do, such as composite video).
 Audio, in a format similar to NICAM was transmitted digitally rather than as an FM sub-carrier.
 The MAC standard included a standard scrambling system, EuroCrypt, a precursor to the standard DVB-CSA encryption system.
 D2-MAC uses half the data rate of D-MAC 
 D2-MAC has a reduced vision bandwidth, about 1/2 that of D-MAC.
 D2-MAC retains most of the quality of a D-MAC signal—but consumes only 5 MHz of bandwidth.

History and politics
MAC was developed by the UK's Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA) and in 1982 was adopted as the transmission format for the UK's forthcoming direct broadcast satellite (DBS) television services (eventually provided by British Satellite Broadcasting). The following year MAC was adopted by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) as the standard for all DBS.

By 1986, despite there being two standards, D-MAC and D2-MAC, favoured by different countries in Europe, an EU Directive imposed MAC on the national DBS broadcasters, to provide a stepping stone from analogue PAL and SECAM formats to the eventual high definition and digital television of the future, with European TV manufacturers in a privileged position to provide the equipment required.

However, the Astra satellite system was also starting up at this time (the first satellite, Astra 1A was launched in 1989) and that operated outside of the EU's MAC requirements, due to being a non-DBS satellite. Despite further pressure from the EU (including a further Directive originally intended to make MAC provision compulsory in TV sets, and a subsidy to broadcasters to use the MAC format), most broadcasters outside Scandinavia preferred the lower cost of PAL transmission and receiving equipment.

In the 2000s, the use of D-MAC and D2-MAC ceased when the satellite broadcasts of the channels concerned changed to DVB-S format.

See also 
 Analog high-definition television systems
 PAL & SECAM
 Multiplexed Analogue Components
 DVB-S & DVB-T

References

External links
 Multiplexed Analogue Components in "Analog TV Broadcast Systems" by Paul Schlyter
 Example of a raw D2-MAC transmission being received

Television technology
Television transmission standards
Video formats
British inventions
1982 introductions
Audiovisual introductions in 1982
Bliss-stick is a company that makes whitewater kayaks. The company is based in Pukeokahu in the Rangitikei District. Once a significant exporter, in 2014 they had turned to domestic production due to exchange rates.

References

Kayak manufacturers
Sporting goods manufacturers of New Zealand
New Zealand brands
Hezi may refer to:

People
 Hezi Bezalel (born 1951), Israeli businessman
 Hezi Eshel (born 1931), retired Israel Defense Forces lieutenant colonel
 Hezi Leskali (1952–1994), Israeli artist
 Hezi Levi, commander of the Israeli Medical Corps from 2002 to 2007
 Hezi Shai (born 1954), Israeli tank commander
 Hezi Shayb, Israeli businessman

Other uses
 Hezi (town) (鹤子镇), Anyuan County, Jiangxi, China
 Hezi SM-1, a variant of the M1 carbine
 Hezi or Dudou, a form of women's undershirt worn in Tang China
 Xu Hezi, main character of the Chinese television series High Flying Songs of Tang Dynasty

See also
 Hezilo of Hildesheim, 11th-century Bishop of Hildesheim
 Hazi (Hazi Aslanov; 1910–1945), Soviet major-general
Heartbreaker Please is the sixth studio album by English musician Teddy Thompson. It was released on 29 May 2020 under Thirty Tigers.

Critical reception

Heartbreaker Please was met with generally favourable reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 67, based on 7 reviews.

Track listing

References

2020 albums
Teddy Thompson albums
Thirty Tigers albums
Reynolds Joseph "Ren" Kelly (November 18, 1899 – August 24, 1963) was an American pitcher in Major League Baseball who played in one game for the Philadelphia Athletics on September 18, 1923.  In that game, he pitched seven innings in relief, gave up seven hits, two earned runs, while walking four batters, and striking out one.

Kelly was born and raised in San Francisco, and was the California High School player of the year for 1919, when he attended San Francisco's Polytechnic High School.

Kelly is the younger brother of Hall of Famer George "High Pockets" Kelly, and spent spring training with his brother's New York Giants team in .  Coach Christy Mathewson like his size, assortment of pitches, and his accurate pitching, but he did not make the team.  His uncle, Bill Lange, and cousin, Rich Chiles, also played Major League Baseball.  Kelly died at the age of 63 in Millbrae, California and is interred at Oak Hill Memorial Park in San Jose, California.

References

External links

1899 births
1963 deaths
Major League Baseball pitchers
Baseball players from San Francisco
Philadelphia Athletics players
Burials at Oak Hill Memorial Park
This is a list of people with Down syndrome, a condition also known as Down's syndrome or trisomy 21. Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. It is typically associated with developmental delays, characteristic physical features, and mild to moderate intellectual disability. The average IQ of a young adult with Down syndrome is 50, equivalent to the mental age of an 8- or 9-year-old child, but this number varies widely.At the same time, they enjoy a rich social and emotional awareness.Down syndrome is the most common chromosome abnormality in humans, occurring in about one per 1000 babies born each year.

A–Z

Fictional
 Agatha, protagonist of an epic fantasy novel, The Good Hawk, written by Joseph Elliot.
 Cosmosis (Alter Ego = Jonah Watkins) a superhero protecting Youngstown, Ohio in comic series, Superb, by Lion Forge Comics.

References

Down
Cricoarytenoid muscles are muscles that connect the cricoid cartilage and arytenoid cartilage.

More specifically, it can refer to:
 Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
 Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

Muscles of the head and neck
Gnayiru (), is a neighborhood in Tiruvallur district, located North of Chennai, a metropolitan city in Tamil Nadu, India.

Gnayiru has a historical Hindu temple viz., Pushparatheswarar temple, which is under the control of Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department, Government of Tamil Nadu.

References

External links
CMDA Official Webpage

Neighbourhoods in Chennai
Vaillantella, the long-fin loaches, is a small genus of loaches found in Southeast Asia.  This genus is the only member of the family Vaillantellidae having been confirmed as such by M. Kottelat in his review of the loaches in 2012.

Species
There are currently three recognized species in this genus:
 Vaillantella cinnamomea Kottelat, 1994
 Vaillantella euepiptera (Vaillant, 1902)
 Vaillantella maassi M. C. W. Weber & de Beaufort, 1912

References

Vaillantellidae
Fish of Asia
The Walls and Gates of Peking is a book written by Osvald Sirén, originally published in English with a run of 800 copies by The Bodley Head in London in 1924.  It provides historical records of the walls and gates of Beijing and has 109 photos taken by Osvald Siren and 53 architectural drawings of gates made by Chinese artists.

References

External links
 https://archive.org/details/1924wallsgatespekingosvaldsiren
 

1924 non-fiction books
History of Beijing
Architecture books
John Lane (publisher) books
Andrew Mark Norfolk (born c. 1965) is a British journalist and chief investigative reporter for The Times. Norfolk became known in 2011 for his reporting on the Rotherham child sexual exploitation scandal and other cases of on-street child grooming. He won both the Paul Foot Award and Orwell Prize for his work, and was named 2014 Journalist of the Year.



Early life and education
After attending Kent College, Canterbury, and Ashville College, Harrogate, both independent schools, Norfolk studied English at Durham University, where he was sports editor of Palatinate, the university newspaper. He also represented the university at field hockey and was a substitute in the 1985 University Athletic Union final against Exeter University. A member of Hild Bede College, Norfolk graduated in 1987.

Career
After graduating, Norfolk worked as a reporter with the Scarborough Evening News in 1989, where he was a National Union of Journalists rep. He became a reporter for the Yorkshire Post in 1995, a reporter for The Times in 2000, north-east correspondent for The Times in 2002, and the newspaper's chief investigative reporter in 2012.

In 2010 Norfolk began investigating the on-street grooming of girls in the Midlands and northern England, largely by British-Pakistani men, and from January 2011 he produced a series of reports that triggered several formal inquiries. As a result of this work, he won the Paul Foot Award for investigative journalism in February 2013; the judges said his stories had "prompted two government-ordered inquiries, a parliamentary inquiry and a new national action plan on child sexual exploitation". In May that year, he shared the Orwell Prize with Tom Bergin of Reuters, and in December 2014 he was named Journalist of the Year by the British Journalism Awards.

In August 2017 The Times published an article by Norfolk headlined "Christian child forced into Muslim foster care" about a foster placement in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. The borough council complained to the Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO), which ruled that the story was riddled with inaccuracies. IPSO required The Times to run the ruling in the front page of its print edition and in its online edition. Norfolk has since said that with hindsight, he would not write the story again.

References

People educated at Ashville College
Living people
The Times journalists
Year of birth missing (living people)
English journalists
British investigative journalists
Alumni of the College of St Hild and St Bede, Durham
Longhoughton is a small rural village in Northumberland, England. It lies near the coast, about  northeast of Alnwick, in the similarly named parish of Longhoughton.

The village lies under the spectacular whinstone outcrop, Ratcheugh Crag, near which local point-to-point racing is often conducted.

Longhoughton church does double-duty as the church of the nearby RAF Boulmer.

History
The village has a turbulent history and was often sacked in Medieval times. From the 12th century until recently, the village was noted for its water and corn mills.

There was local industry based on limestone, coal and lead; although agriculture was always the main occupation.

On top of Ratcheugh Crag is the Robert Adam-designed Ratcheugh Observatory, built by Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland.

Governance 
Longhoughton is in the parliamentary constituency of Berwick-upon-Tweed. The MP for this constituency is currently Anne-Marie Trevelyan, the Conservative candidate who was elected in 2015. An electoral ward in the same name exists. This ward stretches north along the coast and east to Powburn. The ward has a total population taken at the 2011 census of 4,424.

Transport 
Longhoughton once had a railway station on the main line of the North East Railway.

Buildings 
The parish church of St. Peter and St. Paul dates from the Saxon era, although it was rebuilt in 1080 and now the only remaining Saxon stonework is seen in parts of the chancel and tower arches. During the 1080 rebuilding, a  tower was added. This was for purposes of military defence, rather than religious use, and was used as such until the 17th century. Parish records go back as far as 1646.

Smugglers used to use the church as a distribution centre in the 19th century. Nikolaus Pevsner mentioned the building favourably in his review of Northumbrian architecture.

A little over a mile to the north-west is Littlehoughton Hall, a house of 1686 with later additions, which incorporates the remains of a late medieval tower house.

Freedom of the Parish
The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the Parish of Longhoughton.

Individuals
 Eleanor Phillips: 3 November 2022.

References

External links

GENUKI (accessed: 26 November 2008) 	
Northumberland Communities (accessed: 26 November 2008)

 
Villages in Northumberland
Civil parishes in Northumberland
Sarah Bonikowsky (born August 23, 1982) is a Canadian rower. She was born in Orangeville, Ontario and graduated from the University of Victoria with a Bachelor of Arts, majoring in philosophy with a minor in Greek and Roman studies.

She finished in fourth place at the 2008 Summer Olympic Games in Beijing, China in the women's eights with Ashley Brzozowicz, Darcy Marquardt, Buffy-Lynne Williams, Jane Thornton, Romina Stefancic, Andréanne Morin, Heather Mandoli and cox Lesley Thompson-Willie.

References

 Profile at Rowing Canada

1982 births
Rowers from Ontario
Canadian female rowers
Living people
Olympic rowers for Canada
People from Orangeville, Ontario
Rowers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Rowers at the 2011 Pan American Games
University of Victoria alumni
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Canada
Pan American Games medalists in rowing
Medalists at the 2011 Pan American Games
21st-century Canadian women