Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The Synagogue of Livorno is a historic synagogue in Livorno, Italy.

Tempio Maggiore (1603)

 

The first Synagogue of Livorno, called Tempio Maggiore, dates back to 1603. The synagogue was built in a modest and simple style by Claudio Cogorano and Alessandro Pieroni. In the following years the synagogue was enlarged to accommodate an increase of Livorno's Jewish population to approximately 3,000 people. The project to build a larger worship hall and to add galleries was undertaken by Francesco Cantagallina in 1642. The Torah ark was built with inlaid colored marble by Isidoro Baratta from Carrara, surmounted by a silver crown with a topaz set on it. The bimah was built with the same technique, and the ceiling was enriched with stuccoes, decorations and gilt.

The temple underwent structural renovation by Ignazio Fazzi following an earthquake in 1742. In addition, a second row of gallery was built for women. After the work was completed, the temple hall was the second largest after that of the Synagogue of Amsterdam, measuring 28 meters long by 26 meters wide. On September 20, 1789, the first evening of Rosh Hashanah 5550 according to the Hebrew calendar, the newly renovated synagogue was inaugurated. In the 19th century the synagogue was further expanded, and a new southern façade was built. 

The Synagogue of Livorno was partially destroyed during World War II.

Tempio Maggiore (1962)

The new Synagogue of Livorno is the main Jewish place of worship of the 700 Jews of Livorno who survived The Holocaust. The Temple is located in Piazza Elijah Benamozegh, not far from Piazza Grande, on the site of the ancient synagogue which was partially destroyed during World War II. It is one of the four synagogues built in the 1900s in Italy and is the only one erected after World War II. The synagogue was projected by the Italian architect Angelo Di Castro, the works began in 1958 and it was inaugurated on October 23, 1962.

The Temple is a modern, bold and original construction in reinforced concrete inspired by the tent in the desert in memory of The Exodus assigned to the guard of the Ark of the Covenant. At the centre of the synagogue is positioned the bimah, built with marbles recovered from the old destroyed synagogue; in front of it is the wooden Torah ark by Angelo Scoccianti, work dating from 1708 recuperated from the Synagogue of Pesaro. The Matroneum is placed on the back of the bimah at the first floor while in the superior part of the apse is a red stained glass in memory of the victims of The Holocaust. In the lower level is the Oratorio Lampronti where the bimah and the Torah ark come from the Temple of Spanish rite of Ferrara; the Oratory is used as synagogue in the winter time.

References

Synagogues in Tuscany
Buildings and structures in Livorno
Jews and Judaism in Livorno
Religious buildings and structures completed in 1603
Religious buildings and structures completed in 1789
Synagogues completed in 1962
1603 establishments in Italy
17th-century synagogues
Sephardi Jewish culture in Italy
The City Choir of Washington is a 140-member professional-level volunteer mixed symphonic choir in Washington, D.C. composed of singers from throughout the Washington metropolitan area. The chorus is led by its artistic director Erin Freeman.  Ms. Freeman joins the City Choir following a two year search after the announcement in 2019 by Bob Shafer of his plan to retire.  She was formerly the Artistic Director of the Richmond Symphony Chorus and continues as the Artistic Director of the Wintergreen Music Festival.  Bob Shafer has been named Artistic Director Emeritus of the City Choir of Washington. 

The City Choir has performed with the National Symphony Orchestra, The Washington National Opera at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, and at Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts.

Activities
During its first four seasons, the chorus presented several major works with orchestra, including the Monteverdi Marian Vespers of 1610, Bach’s Mass in B Minor, Handel’s Dixit Dominus, Haydn’s Lord Nelson Mass and Mass in Time of War, Maurice Duruflé's Requiem, the Mozart Requiem, the Vivaldi Gloria, Robert Shafer's Lux Aeterna and Joel Puckett’s This Mourning.

TCCW's Excellence in the Arts award honors contributions to the arts in the greater Washington, DC area.

Community outreach and education 
In February 2011, local businesses and chorus members sponsored tickets for Pentagon families affected by 9/11 and high school and college students as part of the organization's community outreach efforts. TCCW's artistic director and executive director often invite college-age music education students to attend rehearsals and participate in question and answer sessions following events.

Programs 
 City Singers — TCCW's community outreach chamber choir that regularly performs for underserved segments of the community. The ensemble brings quality choral music — light classical, popular, secular, patriotic, show tunes, folk songs — to organizations and audiences who may not be able to attend its regular concerts.
 Partners in Song — a talented high school choral group joins TCCW for its annual Music for Christmas concert. The group performs several selections on its own and also joins the City Choir for part of the program.
 Young American Artists Program — one or more emerging performers from the Washington metropolitan area are selected to be featured soloists in one of TCCW's concerts. The vocalists are selected through a comprehensive audition process for young singers from throughout the region. Each Young American Artist receives private coaching from Robert Shafer.

References

External links
 Official Web Site
 Daybook: Event Calendar

Choirs in Washington, D.C.
Musical groups established in 2006
Performing arts in Washington, D.C.
102nd Logistic Brigade (102 Log Bde) is a logistic brigade of the British Army. Its role is to force generate and force prepare fighting elements, including the Headquarters, globally, for current operations and deliver capability to contingent forces as directed by 1st UK Division in order to support the delivery of operational success.

History 

102nd Logistic Brigade traces its origin to 102 Beach Sub-Area, Normandy, France. It was one of 3 such formations raised late in 1943 to run logistic support operations across Juno Beach, from D-day until the Mulberry artificial harbours were operational. Once the Mulberry harbours were in use, there was no further requirement for the Beach Groups, which then dispersed to their original Lines of Communication roles. In 1993, 50 years after the original formation of 102nd Beach Sub Area, Headquarters Combat Service Support Group (Germany) was established in Gütersloh, Germany.

In July 1999 the formation was re-titled 102nd Logistic Brigade and in October 1999 the Halberd was officially adopted as the formation tactical recognition flash. The Halberd appears in Jeremiah as a symbol of strength, success and restoration. Its interpretation as a restorer of combat power following bloodshed, exhaustion and hunger reflects the operational role of 102nd Logistic Brigade. The dual capability of the Halberd, both as a weapon and a hand tool represents the combination of artisan and technical skills, which complement the military training of Brigade personnel.

References

External links 
102nd Logistic Brigade

Brigades of the British Army
102
Military units and formations established in 1993
Thomas J. Newberry (born December 20, 1962) is an American former professional football player who was a guard for 10 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played with the Los Angeles Rams for nine years and the Pittsburgh Steelers for one year. He was a starter for the Steelers in Super Bowl XXX. He was a two-time Pro Bowl (1988,1989) and All-Pro offensive guard.

Newberry was named to the Wisconsin Sports Hall of Fame in 2015

College career 
After graduating from Onalaska High School, Newberry attended the University of Wisconsin–La Crosse on an academic scholarship. Newberry was a four year starter and letter winner on the offensive line for the Wisconsin–La Crosse Eagles football team under head coach Roger Harring.  He was also a captain of the 1985 NAIA Division II Football National Championship winning team.  While at UW–L he was a four time NCAA Division III National Champion in track and field, three times in shot put and one time in discus.  He was inducted into the UW–L Wall of Fame in 1997

Professional career

Los Angeles Rams 
Newberry was drafted in the second round of the 1986 NFL Draft by the Los Angeles Rams.  In his rookie season, Newberry started in 14 regular season games, and played in all 16 games, as well as starting in the Rams playoff game. Newberry was selected to the 1986 PFWA All-Rookie Team. Over his nine seasons with the Rams, Newberry played in 136 games, starting in 133 games including playoffs. With the Rams Newberry was selected to the 1988 All-Pro Team and 1989 All-Pro Team.  Additionally, Newberry was a member of the 1989 Pro Bowl and 1990 Pro Bowl.  Newberry made the playoffs three times with the Rams (1986, 1988, 1989).

Pittsburgh Steelers 
In 1995 Newberry played his final season with the Pittsburgh Steelers starting in 15 regular season games, and playing in all 16 regular season games compiling a 11–5–0 record and winning the AFC Central Division.  Newberry started in all three playoff games, beating the Indianapolis Colts in the 1995 AFC Championship Game by a score of 20–16, before losing to the Dallas Cowboys in Super Bowl XXX 17–27.  Shortly after the Super Bowl, Newberry informed head coach Bill Cowher that he planned to retire.

References

1962 births
Living people
Sportspeople from La Crosse, Wisconsin
Sportspeople from Springfield, Massachusetts
American football offensive guards
Wisconsin–La Crosse Eagles football players
Los Angeles Rams players
Pittsburgh Steelers players
National Conference Pro Bowl players
Players of American football from Wisconsin
People from Onalaska, Wisconsin
Şemdinli (,  or ) is a town located in the Şemdinli District of Hakkari Province in Turkey and had a population of 16,079 in 2022. The current mayor is Tahir Saklı from the Justice and Development Party (AKP), elected in 2019. 

The town is populated by Kurds of the Humaru and Zerzan tribes and moreover of mixed tribal and non-tribal origin.

Neighborhoods 
Şemdinli is divided into the five neighborhoods of Beşevler, Karşıyaka, Moda, Yayla and Yeni.

Kurdish-Turkish conflict

Conflict between the PKK and the Turkish state forces

A bomb exploded in Şemdinli town centre on November 1, 2005. It was officially attributed to the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), an armed Kurdish militant group. On November 9 one man was killed in a grenade attack on a local bookshop. The suspects of this attack, however, were caught in the act by bystanders. They were said to be members of a Turkish Gendarmerie unit, JITEM. The resulting investigation developed into a major political issue in Turkey in the first half of 2006. After a lengthy legal process the three suspects were eventually sentenced to 39 years.

Investigations concerning the Şemdinli bombing trial were blocked by the military, and all the judges and prosecutor associated with the Şemdinli bookshop bombing case transferred from Van to other cities following a June 2007 decree.

Clashes in 2012 

On 23 July 2012, Turkish security forces began a major security offensive, backed by airpower, against the PKK around Şemdinli. Interior minister, İdris Naim Şahin, explained that the forces were attempting to block the PKK's escape routes into northern Iraq, and that as many as 115 PKK fighters had been killed.  Television news channel, Nergis Televizyonu (NTV), claimed that up to two thousand troops were involved in the operation.  On 5 August 2012, PKK forces fired on a military post in the village of Gecimli, triggering clashes that killed 22 fighters, soldiers and village guards, and injuring 15 others, including five civilians.  The military post was one of a number attacked in Hakkâri Province, although there were no reports of casualties in the other incidents.

Population 
Population history from 1997 to 2022:

Climate
Şemdinli has a hot, dry-summer continental climate (Köppen: Dsa).

References

External links 
 Today's Zaman, 16 April 2013, European court orders Turkey to pay 1.4 million euros over Şemdinli raid

Populated places in Hakkâri Province
Şemdinli District
Kurdish settlements in Hakkâri Province
District municipalities in Turkey
Zubaidah Begum (died 1632) was the daughter of shah Abbas the Great of Persia (r. 1588–1629). 

She was the aunt of shah Safi of Persia (r. 1629–1642). 

She played a political role on the power struggle when her nephew succeeded to the throne in 1629, which eventually resulted in the execution of her sons.

References

16th-century births
17th-century deaths
17th-century Iranian women
Safavid princesses
The Durant Educators were a Texas–Oklahoma League baseball team based in Durant, Oklahoma, USA that played during the 1911 season. They were managed by Ben Brownlow, W. W. Washington, Hetty Green and Joe Connor in their only year of existence. The Educators placed 2nd in the league with a 65-46 overall record, hosting home games at the Durant Base Ball Park.

References

Bryan County, Oklahoma
Professional baseball teams in Oklahoma
Baseball teams established in 1911
1911 establishments in Oklahoma
Sports clubs and teams disestablished in 1913
1913 disestablishments in Oklahoma
Defunct minor league baseball teams
Defunct baseball teams in Oklahoma
Baseball teams disestablished in 1913
Texas–Oklahoma League teams
Mathias Sinclair Voges (Philipsburg, 23 February 1943) is a politician and historian from Sint Maarten, who held the office of Minister Plenipotentiary of Sint Maarten from 2010 till 2014. Before this, Voges had been Acting Lieutenant Governor of Sint Maarten. He is also a former president of the board of directors of the University of St. Martin.

Biography
Voges was born in Philipsburg, Sint Maarten to Johannes Ricardo Voges and Theresa Winifred Lejuez. The family left for Curaçao when Mathias was still young. In Curaçao, he graduated from Peter Stuyvesant College in 1965, after which he continued his studies in Maastricht, the Netherlands at the Rijkskweekschool. After graduating in 1966, he moved to Aruba, where he did the Lerarenopleiding, from which he graduated in 1975. 

Voges returned to Sint Maarten in 1981, becoming the principal of the MAVO department of the Milton Peters College. He was promoted to General Director in 1983, and served until 1987. He subsequently became superintendent of the Catholic schools in the Windward Islands.

Voges was installed as the first Minister Plenipotentiary of Sint Maarten by the first Wescot-Williams cabinet that took office on 10 October 2010. He retains his function in the second Wescot-Williams cabinet, although he is joined by Deputy Minister Plenipotentiary Henrietta Doran-York of the National Alliance, the leading party in the new cabinet.

Awards and recognitions
 Officer in the Order of Orange-Nassau (1993)

References

Dutch civil servants
Living people
Ministers plenipotentiary (Sint Maarten)
1943 births
Democratic Party Sint Maarten politicians
Camille Muzinga (born 6 December 1980) is a Congolese former football player.

Club career
Muzinga played several seasons in the Belgian First Division with Lokeren.

International career
He was part of the Congolese 2004 African Nations Cup team, who finished bottom of their group in the first round of competition, thus failing to secure qualification for the quarter-finals.

Honours
Rapid Bucuresti
Liga I: 2002–03

References

External links

Profile & stats - Lokeren

1980 births
Living people
Democratic Republic of the Congo men's footballers
Democratic Republic of the Congo men's international footballers
2004 African Cup of Nations players
K.S.C. Lokeren Oost-Vlaanderen players
F.C. Ashdod players
FC Rapid București players
Al-Khor SC players
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
Expatriate men's footballers in Israel
Belgian Pro League players
Liga I players
Israeli Premier League players
Democratic Republic of the Congo expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Romania
Democratic Republic of the Congo expatriate sportspeople in Romania
Men's association football midfielders
Qatar Stars League players
K. Sint-Niklase S.K.E. players
21st-century Democratic Republic of the Congo people
The Ozren Monastery () is a Serbian Orthodox monastery dedicated to Saint Nicholas and located 6 kilometres from the town of Petrovo in northern Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the spiritual centre of the area of Mount Ozren. It was probably founded in the second half of the 16th century, during the office of Serbian Patriarch Makarije Sokolović, who was granted permission from the sultan of the Ottoman Empire to renovate and build churches and monasteries. Folk tradition, formed in the 18th century, has it that the Ozren Monastery was founded by King Dragutin, a member of the Serbian Nemanjić dynasty, who ruled north-eastern Bosnia from 1284 to 1316.

The frescoes in the monastery's church were painted in the early 17th century. After the Great Turkish War (1683–1699), the monastery fell into disrepair. The renovation of the church began in 1842, after it was allowed by Ottoman authorities. The bell tower outside the church was built in 1872. The church was also refurbished in 1920 and 1996. Among its icons is a Pietà painted in the 17th century by Emmanuel Lambardos, a painter of the Cretan School. The Ozren Monastery was designated as a National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2003.

References

External links
Official website of the Ozren Monastery

Serbian Orthodox monasteries in Bosnia and Herzegovina
National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina
16th-century establishments in Bosnia and Herzegovina
16th-century Serbian Orthodox church buildings
Christian monasteries established in the 16th century
Buildings and structures in Republika Srpska
Target range may refer to:
Shooting range
Optimal health range, in medicine diagnostics, concentration ranges for optimal health as alternative to reference range based on normal distribution.
José Alberto may refer to:

 José Alberto "El Canario" (born 1959), Dominican musician
 José Alberto (footballer) (born 1982), Spanish footballer

See also
The IAAF World Road Relay Championships was a biennial international athletics competition in long-distance relay running. First organised by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) in 1992, the championship ran for four editions, with its last one occurring in 1998.

The relay format was based on the ekiden races native to Japan, where six runners team up for legs of varying length to cover the classic 42.195 km marathon distance. The first, third and fifth legs were of 5 km each, the second and fourth legs were 10 km each, and the final leg covered the remaining 7.195 km.

The first edition saw the Kenyan men's team break the world record for the ekiden relay with a run of 2:00:02 hours. The Moroccan team at the following edition improved this further with a world and championship record time of 1:57:56 hours. The Ethiopian women's team set the championship record of 2:16:04 hours in 1996 and retained their title the following year. Kenya and Ethiopia were the most successful nations at the event – Kenya took three men's titles, as well as a women's silver and a men's bronze, while Ethiopia had two women's titles, three silver medals and one bronze medal.

The competition was preceded by the IAAF World Challenge Road Relay – a one-off race held in 1986 in Hiroshima.

Editions

Medallists

Men

Women

Medal table
NB: Excludes World Challenge Road Relay medals

References

List of medallists
IAAF World Road Relay Championships. Association of Road Racing Statisticians (2004-03-27). Retrieved on 2013-09-30.

External links
1998 official website
Past Championships

 
Road Relay
Defunct athletics competitions
Road Relay Championships
Long-distance relay races
Recurring sporting events established in 1992
Recurring events disestablished in 1998
Biennial athletics competitions
Auguste Clément Gérôme (1857-1919) was a French general who notably served at the Macedonian front of World War I.

Biography
Gérôme was born on 2 March 1857 in Badonviller, at the time in Meurthe. He was the son of Clément Gérôme, a non-commissioned officer in the French Army, and Marguerite Guillemette. On 26 December 1881 he married Élisabeth Léonie Léonard, originally from Nancy. He enlisted on 14 March 1869 and served in the 60th Infantry Regiment. He attended the École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr from 23 October 1875 to 1 October 1877, and afterwards was assigned to the 69th Infantry Regiment as a second lieutenant. He attended the War College from November 1884 to 28 November 1886, graduating with a staff patent. Then he was sent to Algeria to work on military maps from 12 January 1887 to 24 June 1887. During World War I, he served on the frontlines of the French Army of the East and eventually commanded the 122nd Infantry Division.  Gérôme died from war wounds on 10 May 1919 in Marseille.

Awards
Legion of Honour, knight (29 December 1898) 
Legion of Honour, officer (11 July 1914) 
Legion of Honour, commander (16 December 1915)
Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (13 August 1914)

Foreign Awards
: Order of the White Eagle, knight
: Distinguished Service Medal

Works
History of the 75th Infantry Regiment , under the leadership of Colonel Pedoya 1891, Paris;
Historical essay on the tactics of the cavalry, 1900, Paris;
Historical essay on infantry tactics from the organization of the standing army to the present day, 1903, Paris;
Campaign of 1813 , 1904, Paris.

References

Bibliography
 Dossier de la Légion d'Honneur d' Auguste Clément Gérôme sur Leonore

1857 births
1919 deaths
French generals
French military personnel of World War I
École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr alumni
Commanders of the Legion of Honour
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States)