Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Coal mining in the Philippines has a long history dating back to the 1800s during the Spanish colonization of the islands. The Philippines consumes more coal than it can produce and coal is the main source of electricity. 20% of the country's coal supply is used by the cement industry (in 2005).

As of September 31, 2005, the in situ coal reserves of the Philippines amounts to 458 million metric tons which is about 18% of the country's total coal resource potential amounting .

75% of the country's coal supply is imported. In the 1990s, the country saw increase in the import of coal due to large coal-fired power plants being built in the country and specifically designed to burn imported coal.

Semirara Mining Corporation is the largest coal producer in the country whose primary mine is in Semirara Island. The company accounts for 92% of the country's coal production according to the Department of Energy.

History

Early history

Coal was first discovered in the Philippine islands in 1827 in the island of Cebu although there was little interest from the Spanish colonial government or private individuals to exploit the resource until the arrival of steamships in the archipelago. In October 17, 1842, Governor General Marcelino de Oraá Lecumberri issued a circular to alcaldes mayores and other provincial authorities regarding information about possible coal deposits in their area. While some areas report of coal deposits, there is minimal commercial exploitation of the resource. In the island of Cebu, where coal was first discovered in the islands, it was only in 1853 when the first coal concessions were granted in the island.

Starting from 1853 until 1860, saw the development of the coal-mining industry in the islands especially in the island of Cebu. The colonial government effectively had a monopoly of the industry especially after the coal mine in Guila-Guila in Cebu was put under control of the state.

Coal was first discovered in Cebu about 1837.  There were 15 localities over the whole island, on both coast; some desultory mining had been carried out Naga near Mount Uling, but most serious operations were at Licos and Camansi west of Compostela and Danao. Active work ceased about 1895 with insurrections, and no production worked for more than ten years.  A topographic and geologic survey of Compostela, Danao and Carmen took place in 1906.  The Compostela-Danao coalfield contained about six million workable tons.  The tramroads, one from Danao to Camansi, one from Compostela to Mount Licos, were undertaken in 1895, together with a wagon road built in 1877, from Cotcot to Dapdap.

References

Sources
Panimudakku is a 1972 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed and produced by P. N. Menon. The film stars Madhu, Ammini, Maya and Mohan Sharma. The film had musical score by M. S. Baburaj.

Cast

Madhu
P. R. Varalakshmi
Mohan Sharma
Prema
Sankaradi
Nilambur Balan
Aravindakshan
Baby Yamuna
Bahadoor
Balan K. Nair
Cindrella
George Angamali
Girish Kumar
Gopalakrishnan
Kalamandalam Kshemavathi
Kaviyoor Sasi
Kottarakkara Sreedharan Nair
Kuthiravattam Pappu
Kuttyedathi Vilasini
M. R. Menon
Narayanankutty
P. O. Thomas
Pala Thankam
Paravoor Bharathan
R. K. Nair
Ramani
Sasikala
Shantha
Susheela
Thankam
Vanchiyoor Radha
Xavier
Narayanan Nair

Soundtrack
The music was composed by M. S. Baburaj with lyrics by Vayalar Ramavarma.

References

External links
 

1972 films
1970s Malayalam-language films
Films directed by P. N. Menon (director)
The Alicanto is a mythological nocturnal bird of the desert of Atacama, pertaining to Chilean mythology. Legend says that the alicanto's wings shine at night with beautiful, metallic colors, and their eyes emit strange lights. The color of the wings may indicate the type of ore it eats, golden if from a gold mine and silvery if from a silver mine. Some descriptions also portray the color of the wings as copper-green.

The bird runs on the ground and can't fly because of the weight of the ore it eats, this means that it runs faster if it hasn't eaten recently. According to legend, a miner that follows an alicanto without being noticed by the bird can find rich mineral outcrops or treasures such as an entierro. But if the Alicanto discovers that it's being followed it will turn off the shining of its wings, and scuttle away in the darkness of the night. Also, if the miner is not of "good heart" the alicanto will guide the miner off a cliff. Accordingly, the miner will not be able to see the cliff in time because of the "intensity of the darkness". It is said that it was an alicanto that guided Juan Godoy to the rich silver outcrops of Chañarcillo on May 16, 1832, sparking the Chilean silver rush.

The account of the Alicanto of folklorist Julio Vicuña Cifuentes is mentioned in the Book of Imaginary Beings in the chapter "Fauna of Chile".

References

Chilean mythology
Legendary birds
Spanish-language South American legendary creatures
Mining folklore
Ninos was an ancient Athenian woman who was executed at some point in the classical period.  Her case is known through three mentions in speeches by Demosthenes – Against Boeotus I and II, and On the False Embassy – and one in Josephus.  The prosecution was apparently brought by a man named Menecles, who would go on to be prosecuted in turn by Ninos' son.  The date of the prosecution is uncertain: Against Boeotus I was delivered in 348, which provides a terminus ante quem; Esther Eidinow suggests a date of between 362 and 358 BC.  The case was apparently well known in the mid-fourth century, as Demosthenes refers to it in his speeches as if the jury are expected to be familiar with the case.

According to Demosthenes, Ninos was a priestess, and was charged with bringing together thiasoi.  One scholiast on this passage says that her crime was mocking the Dionysian Mysteries; another says that she made love potions.  It is unclear where the scholiast's information about love potions comes from – Eidinow suggests that it is a misinterpretation of Demosthenes' text, while Matthew Dickie says that the comment "does not emerge from anything in the text of Demosthenes" and may have been derived from an Atthidographer or another speech.  Whatever its derivation, Derek Collins is skeptical of the scholiast's report, arguing that manufacturing love potions was not a criminal offence. Finally, Josephus lists Ninos as one of five Athenians put to death for asebeia (impiety).

Notes

References

Works cited
 
 
 
 
 

Ancient Athenian women
Ancient Greek priestesses
4th-century BC Greek women
4th-century BC clergy
Amephana is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

Species
 Subgenus Amephana
 Amephana anarrhini (Duponchel, 1840)
 Subgenus Trigonephra Berio, 1980
 Amephana aurita (Fabricius, 1787)
 Amephana dalmatica (Rebel, 1919)

References
 Amephana  at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms
 Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database

Cuculliinae
Noctuoidea genera
The  were two Japanese–Yuan trade ships launched in 1342 in order to procure funds for the construction of Tenryū-ji.  They were approved by the Muromachi shogunate, and released to the command of a Hakata merchant named  under the condition that he donate 5,000 kanmon (equivalent to 5,000,000 mon) to the temple irrespective of the mission's commercial success.

References
Kōjien, 6th edition

Ashikaga shōguns
Buddhist temples in Kyoto Prefecture
Currencies of Japan
1340s in Japan
Yuan dynasty
Buddhism in the Muromachi period
Uzcátegui (Spanish pronunciation: usˈkateɣi) is a Basque surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aymet Uzcátegui (born 1995), Venezuelan tennis player
José Uzcátegui (born 1990), Venezuelan boxer

Basque-language surnames
Hugh Allan (born Allan Abram Hughes; November 5, 1903February 12, 1997) was an American actor. He had several lead roles. He was born Allan Abram Hughes in Oakland, California.

Allan married Lou Williamson. He died in Memphis in 1997. He is buried at Memorial Park Cemetery in Memphis.

A reviewer describing The Fire Detective wrote that he makes a personable hero.

His role in Wild Beauty was described as being carried out ably but not with a lot of charisma.

Filmography

References

External links
"Hugh’s Little Sweetheart" from Close-ups and Long-shots

1903 births
1997 deaths
Male actors from Oakland, California
Male actors from Memphis, Tennessee
Sthānakavāsī is a sect of Śvētāmbara Jainism.The beliefs of Sthanakvasi sect is different from Murtipujakas (Idol worshipers).It does not believe in idol worship. It believes that idol worship is not essential in the path of soul purification and attainment of Nirvana/Moksha. Sthānakavāsī accept thirty-two of the Jain Agamas, the Svetambara canon. According to them there is no mention of idol worship and temples in the Agamas. Lord Mahavira never supported Idol worship. Idol worship is adopted by Jainism from other religions.

Saints
Saints (ascetic Sthanakvasins, called maharaj saheb's) wear white clothes and cover their mouths with a square white cloth or Muhapatti/Mukhvastrika intended to minimize the risk of inhaling small insects or other airborne life forms, which Sthanakvasins see as a violation of Ahimsa "Non-violence". Saints are allowed to keep seven "Patra" (Utensils/Bowls).They eat food collected from followers' houses and do not save edibles beyond the next meal and water is not kept even for a single night. All eating and drinking has to be done between sunrise and sunset.

Saints do not stay at one place for too long except for the four monsoon months, the Chaturmas. Saints own no possessions except for a few books, a couple sets of clothes and carrying utensils made of a special natural material.

Sadhus are strictly forbidden to carry anything except Rajoharan, a few pairs of clothes, religious books and Patra (Utensils/Bowls). It is not allowed to keep a stick and more than seven utensils like Murtipujakas. Wearing clothes of any color other than white is not allowed.

Lonkashah and Lavji Rishi's Revolution 
Shravak Shreshta Lonkashah:

References

Śvētāmbara sects
Jainism
The Merchant Shipping (Pollution) Act 2006 (c 8) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It has three main purposes: to give effect to the Supplementary Fund Protocol 2003, to give effect to Annex IV of the MARPOL Convention, and to amend section 178(1) of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995.

Supplementary Fund Protocol

Section 1 of the Act allows the government to enact provisions giving effect to the 2003 Protocol by affirmative Order in Council.  The protocol, drawn up under the auspices of the International Maritime Organization establishes an international fund which will pay out up to $1 billion in International Monetary Fund special drawing rights in cases of oil slicks and other environmental pollution.

MARPOL Convention

Section 2 of the Act amends section 128(1) of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995 by inserting an extra paragraph extending the government's power to make provisions by Order in Council to include giving effecttion to the convention.

Merchant Shipping Act 1995
Section 3 of the Act amends section 178(1) of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995 to restrict claims to being enforced within three years of the damage occurring, whereas previously it had been restricted to within three years after "the claim against the Fund arose", and within six years of the damage occurring.

See also
Merchant Shipping Act
Environmental issues with shipping

References
Halsbury's Statutes,

External links
The Merchant Shipping (Pollution) Act 2006, as amended from the National Archives.
The Merchant Shipping (Pollution) Act 2006, as originally enacted from the National Archives.
Explanatory notes to the Merchant Shipping (Pollution) Act 2006.
IMO article on the 2003 Protocol
ePolitix article on the Act

United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 2006
Ocean pollution
2006 in transport
Admiralty law in the United Kingdom
Environmental law in the United Kingdom
2006 in the environment
Shipping in the United Kingdom
In 1946, Billboard magazine published a chart ranking the top-performing songs in the United States in African-American-oriented musical genres under the title of Most Played Juke Box Race Records.  The chart is considered to be part of the lineage of the magazine's multimetric R&B chart, which since 2005 has been published under the title Hot R&B/Hip Hop Songs.  The term "race records" was then in common usage for recordings by black artists.

In the issue of Billboard dated January 5, Joe Liggins and his Honeydrippers were at number one with "The Honeydripper" (Parts 1 & 2).  The track had spent 17 weeks at number one in 1945 and thus achieved a final total of 18 weeks at number one, a new record for an R&B chart-topper.  Louis Jordan and his Tympany Five equalled the record in the final issue of 1946 when their song "Choo Choo Ch'Boogie" spent an 18th week in the top spot.  The record would also be equalled by Drake's "One Dance" in 2016 but not broken until "Old Town Road" by Lil Nas X spent a 19th week atop the modern Hot R&B/Hip Hop Songs chart in 2019.  Jordan dominated the top of the chart during 1946, spending a total of 34 weeks in the top spot (including two in which he tied for number one with another act) with five songs, one of which was a collaboration with singer Ella Fitzgerald.

The longest unbroken run at number one in 1946 was achieved by vibraphone player Lionel Hampton and his Orchestra, who spent 14 consecutive weeks in the top spot with "Hey! Ba-Ba-Re-Bop", including one tied week.  In June, pioneering black vocal harmony group the Ink Spots achieved their fifth and final number one with "The Gypsy"; the song also reached the top spot on the all-genre Best-Selling Popular Retail Records, Records Most-Played on the Air and Most-Played Juke Box Records charts.  The year's final number one was Jordan's "Choo Choo Ch'Boogie"; including his collaboration with Fitzgerald, Jordan had occupied the top spot without interruption since July.  He was by far the most successful artist of the 1940s on Billboards R&B charts.  His tally of 18 chart-toppers was a record which would stand until the 1980s, and he spent 113 weeks at number one, a record which would still stand in the 21st century.  Jordan's success fell away in the 1950s, but his music is considered to have been hugely influential on the development of both R&B and rock and roll.

Chart history

Notes
a.  Jordan's first 16 number ones occurred at a time when Billboard published only one R&B chart.  His final two number ones occurred during a period when the magazine published two charts and each topped both listings, but the figure of 113 weeks at number one does not double-count weeks when he topped both.
b.  Two songs tied for the number one position.

References

Works cited

1946
1946 record charts
1946 in American music
Adamov () is a municipality and village in České Budějovice District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,000 inhabitants.

Geography
Adamov is located  northeast of České Budějovice. It lies in the Třeboň Basin.

Notable people
Jan W. Speerger (1896–1950), actor and film director

References

External links

Villages in České Budějovice District
Benjamin Wilson Coleman (July 1, 1869 – February 25, 1939) was a justice of the Supreme Court of Nevada from 1915 to 1939.

Early life and education
Coleman was born in Ballsville, Virginia on July 1, 1869, the son of John Coleman and Arabella Smith.
He received his LLB from Richmond College in 1892. He was the deputy district attorney in Cripple Creek, Colorado, before he married Martha L. Attleton and moved to Nevada in 1906. Coleman was a member of the Knights Templar.

Career
He practiced law in Ely until he was elected to the ninth Judicial District in 1911. He ran for, and was elected to, the supreme court in 1914 being re-elected four times and serving four terms as chief justice.

In 1925, Coleman taught contract law at Northwestern University.

Death
Coleman died in Carson City, Nevada on February 25, 1939. William Edwin Orr was appointed to fill Coleman's seat on the court.

References

1869 births
1939 deaths
People from Powhatan County, Virginia
Justices of the Nevada Supreme Court
University of Richmond alumni
Chief Justices of the Nevada Supreme Court
Patrick Henry Joseph Trimborn (born 18 May 1940) is a former South African cricketer who played in four Test matches from 1967 to 1970.

A right-arm fast-medium bowler, Trimborn played first-class cricket for Natal from 1961 to 1976. His best bowling figures came in Natal's match against South African Universities in 1969-70 when he took 5 for 51 and 6 for 36.

He was selected to tour England in 1970 and Australia in 1971-72, but neither tour took place.

References

External links
 

1940 births
Living people
South Africa Test cricketers
South African cricketers
KwaZulu-Natal cricketers
International Cavaliers cricketers
South African Universities cricketers
Mark Antony is a 2000 Indian Malayalam film,  directed by  T. S. Suresh Babu and produced by Safeel and Minraj. Story by Shaji T Nedumkallel and screenplay and dialogue By Kaloor Dennis.  The film stars Suresh Gopi, Divya Unni, Janardanan and Lalu Alex in lead roles. The film had musical score by Berny-Ignatius.

Cast

Suresh Gopi as Parel Antony
Janardanan as Parel Pappu Chattu
Madhupal as Parel Pappachan
Baiju as Parel Kariyachan
Divya Unni as Mambally Nimmy
Lalu Alex as Fr. Parel Urumees
VK Sreeraman as Mambally Chakkappan
Adoor Bhavani as Kunjeli
Bheeman Raghu as Mambally Kuriachen
Jagannatha Varma as Bishop
K. P. A. C. Lalitha as Kunjoutha
N. F. Varghese as Mullakka
Augustine as Sexton Devassy
Kollam Ajith as S.I. Jagathnathan
Sadiq as Babu 
Mala Aravindan as C.K. Ayyappan
Mohan Jose as Ravikuttan
Shammi Thilakan as Rajan
Kaveri as Kunjipennu/Reeja
Ravi Menon as Nair
 Shaju as Unnikrishna Varma
Mani C. Kappen as Pankajakshan
 Vimal Raj as Bhairavan
Keerikkadan Jose as Muthala Varkey
Indrans as Isaac, Antony's friend
Bindu Panicker as Nimmi's mother
Vijayan Peringod as Radhakrishnan, Unnikrishna Varma's Father

Soundtrack

References

External links
 
 

2000 films
2000s Malayalam-language films
Films directed by T. S. Suresh Babu
Films scored by Berny–Ignatius
Santiago–Tuguegarao Road is a major national primary road in the provinces of Cagayan, Kalinga, and Isabela in the Philippines. It is a bypass road of the Pan-Philippine Highway, also known as Cagayan Valley Road, connecting to the cities of Tuguegarao and Santiago.

The road is designated as National Route 51 (N51) of the Philippine highway network.

History

Route description

Santiago to Cabatuan 
Santiago–Tuguegarao Road starts at Mabini Junction, a roundabout intersection with Maharlika Highway and R.C. Miranda Road in Barangay Mabini, Santiago City. Heading north, it then runs straight to the north where it traverses the municipalities of Ramon, San Mateo, and Cabatuan in Isabela.

Cabatuan to Santa Maria 
At the poblacion of Cabatuan, the road turns north at its intersection with Santiago–Tuguegarao Bypass Road, where the Triangle Park is situated. It then crosses the Magat River vis Magat Bridge and traverses the municipalities of Aurora, San Manuel, Roxas, Mallig, and Quezon in Isabela before entering the province of Kalinga. In Kalinga, it traverses the lowland municipalities of Tabuk, the province's capital, and Rizal, away from their poblacions. It then re-enters Isabela and traverses the municipalities of Santo Tomas and Santa Maria.

Santa Maria to Tuguegarao 

In Santa Maria, Isabela, the road makes a sharp left turn at its intersection with Cabagan–Santa Maria Road. It then enters the province of Cagayan and traverses the municipalities of Enrile and Solana, where it turns east at its intersection with Cagayan–Apayao Road. It crosses the Cagayan River through the Buntun Bridge and enters the city of Tuguegarao. Approaching the poblacion, it assumes local street names such as Luna Extension and Luna Street, respectively. At its intersection with Rizal Street, west of the Tuguegarao Cathedral, it turns north and assumes such local street name. It then turns northeast towards the Balzain Bridge II and becomes Balzain Highway. The road ends at the Tuguegarao Junction, a roundabout intersection with Maharlika Highway (Cagayan Valley Road) and Tuguegarao Diversion Road II.

Intersections

Santiago–Tuguegarao Bypass Road 

The Santiago–Tuguegarao Bypass Road is short bypass of Santiago–Tuguegarao Road in Cabatuan, Isabela. This bypass road is designated as National Route 53 (N53) of the Philippine highway network. It connects Cabatuan, Luna and Cauayan.

References 

Roads in Cagayan
Roads in Kalinga (province)
Roads in Isabela (province)
Søren Pallesen (born 7 October 1977)  is a Danish former professional footballer and current head coach, who is the current head coach of fourth-tier Denmark Series club Varde IF.

External links
 Varde IF player profile
 Varde IF manager profile
 Danish national team profile

1977 births
Living people
Footballers from Esbjerg
Danish men's footballers
Denmark men's youth international footballers
Varde IF players
Esbjerg fB players
Vejle Boldklub players
FC Fredericia players
Danish Superliga players
Danish 1st Division players
Men's association football midfielders
Caloptilia immuricata is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Ecuador and Peru.

References

immuricata
Moths of South America
Moths described in 1915
Kris Adams (born September 4, 1987) is an American football wide receiver who is currently a free agent. He was signed as an undrafted free agent in 2011 by the Chicago Bears. He has also been a member of the St. Louis Rams,    Minnesota Vikings, and Indianapolis Colts.

Professional career

Chicago Bears
On July 26, 2011, Adams was signed by the Chicago Bears as an undrafted free agent. On September 3, 2011, Adams was waived by the Bears. He cleared waivers and was placed on the Bears' practice squad. On October 11, 2011, he was released from the Bears' practice squad.

St. Louis Rams
On October 18, 2011, Adams was signed to the St. Louis Rams’ practice squad. He was released from the Rams’ practice squad on November 8, 2011.

Minnesota Vikings
On December 14, 2011, the Minnesota Vikings signed Adams to the practice squad. On January 2, 2012, the Vikings signed Adams to a reserve/future contract. He was waived by the Vikings on May 14, 2012.

Indianapolis Colts
On June 5, 2012, Adams was signed by the Indianapolis Colts. On October 6, 2012, Adams was waived by the Colts. On October 8, 2012, he was re-signed and placed on the practice squad.

New York Giants
On January 15, 2013, Adams signed a reserve/future contract with the New York Giants. On August 10, 2013, in the Giants' first preseason game against the Pittsburgh Steelers, Adams suffered a fractured lower leg. On August 12, 2013, he was waived/injured by the Giants. He cleared waivers and was placed on the Giants' injured reserve list. On July 30, 2014, he was listed as Reserve/Injured.

See also
 List of NCAA major college football yearly receiving leaders

References

External links
 Minnesota Vikings bio page
 New York Giants bio page

Living people
1987 births
Players of American football from Fort Worth, Texas
UTEP Miners football players
American football wide receivers
Minnesota Vikings players
Indianapolis Colts players
Winnipeg Blue Bombers players
Pizzo Pesciora (or Poncione di Pesciora) is a mountain in the Lepontine Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Valais and Ticino. It lies north of Bedretto, on the ridge between the Witenwasserenstock and Pizzo Rotondo.

References

External links
Pizzo Pesciora on Summitpost
Pizzo Pesciora on Hikr

Mountains of the Alps
Alpine three-thousanders
Mountains of Switzerland
Mountains of Ticino
Lepontine Alps