Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The Château d'Annecy is a restored castle which dominates the old French town of Annecy in the Haute-Savoie  département. It was bought by the town, restored and transformed into a museum, le musée-château d'Annecy. The castle is listed as a  by the French Ministry of Culture since 1959.

History
The castle was built between the 12th and 16th centuries.  It served as the residence of the Counts of Geneva and the Dukes of Genevois-Nemours.  Several times the victim of fires, the castle was abandoned in the 17th century and later repaired to serve as a barracks until 1947.  The town of Annecy acquired the castle in 1953, restored it with the help of Monuments historiques and installed a museum there.

Since 1993, the Tower and the Logis Perrière have housed an observatory (l'Observatoire régional des lacs alpins).

Description
The Tour de la Reine (Queen's Tower) is the oldest part of the castle, dating from the 12th century.  Its walls are over 4 m (13 ft) thick.  At the bottom of the courtyard, the tower and the Logis Perrière date from the 15th century. Other notable parts of the castle are: the Vieux Logis, the  Logis Nemours, the Logis Neuf.  From the castle terrace there is a view over the old town with its narrow streets and decorated roofs.

The museum is installed in the Logis Vieux and the Logis Nemours. The observatory is in the Tower and the Logis Perrière.

Museums
Of particular note is the Museum of Alpine Popular Art (Musée d'art populaire alpin) with numerous regional sculptures and paintings.  There is an important collection of vernacular furniture, dating from the 15th century onwards, sculpted objects, photographs and models of Alpine chalets.

Observatory
L'Observatoire régional des lacs alpins (Alpine Lakes Regional Observatory) includes exhibitions covering:
 archaeological evidence of the first lakeside inhabitants
 aquariums with fish from different types of mountain lake
 model of Lake Annecy and its mountain environment
 models showing the evolution of boats on the lake
 fishing equipment used in the Alps
 birds

See also
List of castles in France

References

External links

 Le site de l'Association des Amis du Vieil Annecy 

Châteaux in Haute-Savoie
Monuments historiques of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Art museums and galleries in France
Local museums in France
Buildings and structures in Annecy
Museums in Haute-Savoie
Marigold was an American codename for a failed secret attempt to reach a compromise solution to the Vietnam War that was carried out by the Polish diplomat Janusz Lewandowski, a member of the International Control Commission, and the Italian ambassador in Saigon, Giovanni D'Orlandi, in collaboration with the US ambassador in Saigon, Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., in late 1966.

In his 2012 book, James Hershberg argues that had not the United States missed the opportunity, direct talks between the United States and North Vietnam could have begun roughly a year and a half before May 1968, when they actually occurred in Paris; the war or at least the massive US direct military involvement in it might have ended sooner; and the number of Americans who perished in the war might not have escalated from 6,250 to over 58,000. 

The suspended bombing of Hanoi by the Americans while Lewandowski's mission was there in late November was interpreted as a subtle hint that the Americans was open to talks. Lewandowski's mediation made both the North Vietnamese and the American governments agreed that a direct meeting would take place between their ambassadors in Warsaw, at which the US ambassador, John A. Gronouski, would confirm that Washington indeed adhered to the positions, known as the "Ten Points," that Lewandowski had conveyed to Hanoi from Lodge. However, the efforts halted when bombing in the Hanoi area resumed for the first time in more than five months, on the 2nd and the 4th and again on 13–14 December. US President Lyndon Johnson had authorized the continued strikes despite warnings from the Poles and then from senior members of his own national security team that any further attacks on Hanoi might cause Marigold to collapse.

After the Poles, evidently reflecting Hanoi's wishes, broke off the initiative on December 14, Johnson belatedly halted bombing within a ten-mile radius of Hanoi's center, but despite Polish urging, the North Vietnamese leadership refused to reconsider its decision to retract its agreement for direct contacts. Polish Foreign Minister Adam Rapacki relayed Hanoi's final rejection to Gronouski on December 30, and Marigold was dead.

The episode was first leaked into public print in a pair of articles by Robert H. Estabrook in The Washington Post in February 1967 and was then the subject of an intense investigation by The Los Angeles Times reporters David Kraslow and Stuart H. Loory, who published their findings in The Secret Search for Peace in Vietnam (New York: Random House, 1968). The American side of the affair first emerged in declassified documents included in a lengthy chronology included in the Pentagon Papers' diplomatic volumes, which were not leaked by Daniel Ellsberg but emerged only gradually.

See also
Vietnam War
Italy–Poland relations

References

Vietnam War
Barbara "Robie" Smith (1946–2015) was an American activist from Chicago known for co-founding the Affinity Community Services foundation, a support group for Black lesbians, in 1995.

Biography 
Smith was born on May 25, 1946. She attended Chicago State University (CSU) and had a career in accounting and real estate. She was active in the Chicago LGBT community. In addition to co-founding the Affinity Community Services she worked with a variety of organizations including the Chicago Foundation for Women, the Crossroads Fund, the Lesbian Community Care Project, and Women Women of All Cultures Together (WACT). 

Smith died on February 14, 2015. She was inducted posthumously into the Chicago LGBT Hall of Fame in 2015. Affinity Community Services established the The Barbara "Robbie" Smith Award of Excellence in her honor.

References

1946 births
2015 deaths
20th-century African-American people
20th-century African-American women
20th-century American LGBT people
Activists from Chicago
African-American activists
American LGBT rights activists
Chicago State University alumni
Inductees of the Chicago LGBT Hall of Fame
LGBT African Americans
Rajib Boro (born 10 March 1994) is an Indian footballer who plays as a midfielder for NF Railway's football team.

Career

ONGC
Boro made his debut for ONGC F.C. of the I-League on 23 September 2012 during the 2012 Indian Federation Cup against East Bengal F.C. in which ONGC lost 2–1.

Post ONGC
After ONGC were relegated from the I-League, Boro went to Assam where he represented Railways in the 2014 Santosh Trophy. With Railways, Boro made it to the final against Mizoram. He did not get to play in the match due to suspension and Mizoram eventually came out on top 3–0. He also joined the Northeast Frontier Railway (NF Railway) football team and participated with the side in various competitions.

I-League statistics

References

Indian men's footballers
1994 births
Living people
I-League 2nd Division players
I-League players
ONGC FC players
Men's association football midfielders
Footballers from Assam
is a Japanese swimmer who competes in the Women's 400m individual medley. At the 2012 Summer Olympics she finished 12th overall in the heats in the Women's 400 metre individual medley and failed to reach the final.

References

Living people
Olympic swimmers for Japan
Swimmers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Japanese female medley swimmers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Robert Kristo (born 14 May 1993) is a Croatian American footballer who plays as a forward for the St. Louis Ambush of the Major Arena Soccer League.

Early life
Kristo was born to Bosnian Croat parents in Bosnia and Herzegovina. His family moved to the United States during the Bosnian War. He is a practicing Catholic. He grew up in St. Louis, Missouri and attended Saint Louis University.

Professional
Kristo joined USL Championship side North Carolina FC on 23 January 2019.

After the team moved to USL League One for the 2021 season, Kristo resigned with the team.

Kristo returned to his hometown of St. Louis in late 2021, signing with the Major Arena Soccer League's St. Louis Ambush.

References

External links
 
 
Profile - North Carolina FC
Profile - Columbus Crew

1993 births
Living people
People from Travnik
Footballers from Central Bosnia Canton
Bosnia and Herzegovina emigrants to the United States
Soccer players from St. Louis
Men's association football forwards
Bosnia and Herzegovina men's footballers
American men's soccer players
Saint Louis Billikens men's soccer players
AC Tuttocuoio 1957 San Miniato players
VfL Osnabrück players
North Carolina FC players
Columbus Crew draft picks
All-American college men's soccer players
Serie C players
3. Liga players
USL Championship players
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Germany
St. Louis Ambush (2013–) players
Catholics from Missouri
Major Arena Soccer League players
Peter John Cochrane  (born 15 April 1950) is an Australian historian and writer. In 2007, his book Colonial Ambition: Foundations of Australian Democracy shared the inaugural Prime Minister's Prize for Australian History with Les Carlyon's The Great War.

Early life and career
Cochrane was born in Melbourne in 1950. He completed an honours degree at La Trobe University in 1974 and a doctorate at the University of Adelaide in 1978. After working for a couple of years in the Parliamentary Library of South Australia and as a tutor at the University of Adelaide, he published his first book Industrialisation and Dependence: Australia's Road to Economic Development, 1870–1939 in 1980.

Cochrane worked as a lecturer in history at the University of Sydney between 1982 and 1996. He published Simpson and the Donkey: The Making of a Legend, which won a Fellowship of Australian Writers Award for Nonfiction. Tom Curran criticised Cochrane's version of the story of John Simpson Kirkpatrick and his donkey in a 1996 article in Quadrant.

Later works
Cochrane published two books in 2001, a history of the National Library of Australia and Australians at War a companion book to an Australian Broadcasting Corporation series of the same name.

In 2004, Cochrane published a collection of photos from the First World War called The Great War: 1916–1918. He published a book of photographs from the 1941 Siege of Tobruk in 2005.

Cochrane published Colonial Ambition: Foundations of Australian Democracy, which told the story of the introduction of responsible government to New South Wales. It was funded by the New South Wales Government to mark the 150th anniversary of that event. Colonial Ambition shared the inaugural Prime Minister's Prize for History with Les Carlyon's The Great War.

Cochrane's Best We Forget: The War for White Australia, 1914–18 was published in 2018.

In November 2019 Cochrane's The Making of Martin Sparrow was shortlisted for the Voss Literary Prize.

References

1950 births
Australian historians
Academics from Melbourne
Fellows of the Australian Academy of the Humanities
La Trobe University alumni
Living people
University of Adelaide alumni
Academic staff of the University of Adelaide
Academic staff of the University of Sydney
Hasida Hebbuli is a 1983 Indian Kannada film,  directed by  S. A. Chandrasekhar and produced by Venkataram. The film stars Ambareesh, Ambika, Vajramuni and Tiger Prabhakar. The film has  Satyam. The film was a remake of director's own Tamil film Nenjile Thunivirunthal.

Cast

Ambareesh
Ambika
Vajramuni
Tiger Prabhakar
Dinesh
Shakti Prasad
 M. S. Umesh
Ravichandra
Shashikala
Vijayaranjini
B. Jayashree
Baby Rekha
Master Sanjay
Arikesari
Vijayakashi

Soundtrack
"Savinenappu Yemanathe" - S. P. Balasubrahmanyam,  S. Janaki
"Praaya Matherithe" - S. P. Balasubrahmanyam,  S. Janaki
"Yello Aathodhuddoru" - S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
"Ee Rathraadi Namakkaagi" - S. Janaki, Surendran

References

1983 films
1980s Kannada-language films
Kannada remakes of Tamil films
Films scored by Satyam (composer)
PharmaSat was a nanosatellite developed by NASA Ames Research Center which measured the influence of microgravity upon yeast resistance to an antifungal agent. As a follow on to the GeneSat-1 mission, the Ames Small Spacecraft Division conducted the PharmaSat mission in collaboration with industry and local universities.

PharmaSat was the first nanosatellite to implement biological science guided by its Principal Investigator. The mission was designed to aid the development of medicines or techniques to enable long-term crewed space travel and habitation.

Background 
The PharmaSat mission builds upon technology demonstrated by GeneSat-1, which used a CubeSat to study microfluidics and optics in the space environment. It was designed to provide life-support, growth, monitoring, and analysis capabilities for microorganisms.

Based, like GeneSat-1, around a three-unit CubeSat platform; PharmaSat was designed to accomplish five functions in an autonomous free-flying platform:
 Provide life support and environmental control for growth of the yeast strain in 48 independent microwells;
 Dose the growing yeast with antifungal agent at the appropriate point on the growth curve with three distinct, well-defined dosage levels, plus a zero-dose control;
 Track the population of the yeast via optical density of each microwell before, during and after antifungal administration;
 Determine well-by-well yeast viability at multiple, well-defined times after antifungal administration using a colorimetric reagent, Alamar Blue;
 Telemeter the resulting population and viability data to Earth, along with system status data.

Operations 
PharmaSat was launched at 23:55 UTC on 19 May 2009 aboard a Minotaur I launch vehicle from Pad 0B at the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport on Wallops Island. PharmaSat was flown as a secondary payload co-manifested with the US Air Force Air Force Research Laboratory's TacSat-3 spacecraft.

PharmaSat was successfully inserted into a low Earth orbit at approximately  above the Earth, following which it was activated and began transmitting radio signals to two ground control stations. The primary ground station at SRI International in Menlo Park, California, transmitted mission data from the satellite to its operators, while a second station was located at Santa Clara University, whose Robotic Systems Laboratory was responsible for operating the satellite.

After establishing contact the satellite was commanded to initiate its experiment, which lasted 96 hours. Once the experiment began, PharmaSat relayed data in near real-time for up to six months. PharmaSat also carried an amateur radio beacon, with a frequency of 437.465 megahertz, which broadcast spacecraft telemetry. Amateur radio operators were asked to collect data from the spacecraft and provide it to the operators via the Mission Dashboard website.

PharmaSat decayed from orbit and reentered the atmosphere on 14 August 2012.

See also 

 List of CubeSats

References 

Spacecraft launched in 2009
CubeSats
Spacecraft launched by Minotaur rockets
Spacecraft which reentered in 2012
Benjamin Ramm FRSA (born 12 June 1982) is a writer and journalist for the BBC and openDemocracy. He is former editor of The Liberal magazine.

In December 2005, as editor of The Liberal, Ramm organised a "Kennedy Must Go" campaign to unseat Liberal Democrat party leader Charles Kennedy. After the formation of the UK coalition government in 2010, Ramm argued that the party provided cover – as "the cloak that hides the dagger" – for policies that damaged liberalism. He criticized the coalition on spending cuts, the reforms to the NHS, civil liberties, the rise in VAT, and the increase in tuition fees.

In May 2011, he published the pamphlet Citizens: A Manifesto, featuring endorsements from Naomi Wolf, Philip Pullman, Ariel Dorfman and Peter Tatchell.

Ramm is editor-at-large of openDemocracy. He presents documentaries for BBC Radio 4 and the BBC World Service, and is a regular feature writer for BBC Culture.

References

External links
The Liberal editorial

Living people
1982 births
British people of Iranian descent
Jaws is an album by saxophonist Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis with organist Shirley Scott, recorded in 1958 for the Prestige label.

Reception
The AllMusic review awarded the album 3 stars and stated: "It's a fine all-around showcase for the accessible group."

Track listing 
 "I Let a Song Go Out of My Heart" (Duke Ellington, Irving Mills, Henry Nemo, John Redmond) - 5:19   
 "I'll Never Be The Same" (Gus Kahn, Matty Malneck, Frank Signorelli) - 4:44   
 "You Stepped Out of a Dream" (Nacio Herb Brown, Kahn) - 4:20   
 "Old Devil Moon" (E. Y. "Yip" Harburg, Burton Lane) - 4:26   
 "Too Close for Comfort" (Jerry Bock, Larry Holofcener, George David Weiss) -  4:18   
 "Body and Soul" (Frank Eyton, Johnny Green, Edward Heyman, Robert Sour) - 4:32   
 "But Not for Me" (George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin) - 4:10   
 "Tangerine" (Johnny Mercer, Victor Schertzinger) - 4:53

Personnel 
 Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis - tenor saxophone
 Shirley Scott - organ
 George Duvivier - bass
 Arthur Edgehill - drums

References 

Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis albums
1959 albums
Albums produced by Esmond Edwards
Albums recorded at Van Gelder Studio
Prestige Records albums
Shirley Scott albums
Albums recorded in a home studio
The Herbrandization of a logical formula (named after Jacques Herbrand) is a construction that is dual to the Skolemization of a formula.  Thoralf Skolem had considered the Skolemizations of formulas in prenex form as part of his proof of the Löwenheim–Skolem theorem (Skolem 1920).  Herbrand worked with this dual notion of Herbrandization, generalized to apply to non-prenex formulas as well, in order to prove Herbrand's theorem (Herbrand 1930).

The resulting formula is not necessarily equivalent to the original one. As with Skolemization, which only preserves satisfiability, Herbrandization being Skolemization's dual preserves validity: the resulting formula is valid if and only if the original one is.

Definition and examples
Let  be a formula in the language of first-order logic.  We may assume that  contains no variable that is bound by two different quantifier occurrences, and that no variable occurs both bound and free.  (That is,  could be relettered to ensure these conditions, in such a way that the result is an equivalent formula).

The Herbrandization of  is then obtained as follows:

 First, replace any free variables in  by constant symbols.
 Second, delete all quantifiers on variables that are either (1) universally quantified and within an even number of negation signs, or (2) existentially quantified and within an odd number of negation signs.
 Finally, replace each such variable  with a function symbol , where  are the variables that are still quantified, and whose quantifiers govern .

For instance, consider the formula .  There are no free variables to replace.  The variables  are the kind we consider for the second step, so we delete the quantifiers  and .  Finally, we then replace  with a constant  (since there were no other quantifiers governing ), and we replace  with a function symbol :

 

The Skolemization of a formula is obtained similarly, except that in the second step above, we would delete quantifiers on variables that are either (1) existentially quantified and within an even number of negations, or (2) universally quantified and within an odd number of negations.  Thus, considering the same  from above, its Skolemization would be:

 

To understand the significance of these constructions, see Herbrand's theorem or the Löwenheim–Skolem theorem.

See also 
 Predicate functor logic

References

 Skolem, T.  "Logico-combinatorial investigations in the satisfiability or provability of mathematical propositions: A simplified proof of a theorem by L. Löwenheim and generalizations of the theorem".  (In van Heijenoort 1967, 252-63.)
 Herbrand, J.  "Investigations in proof theory: The properties of true propositions".  (In van Heijenoort 1967, 525-81.)
 van Heijenoort, J.  From Frege to Gödel: A Source Book in Mathematical Logic, 1879-1931.  Harvard University Press, 1967.

Logic
Normal forms (logic)
Finnoo (Finnish) or Finno (Swedish) is an underground station on the western metro extension (Länsimetro) of the Helsinki Metro in Finland. The entrances to the station located along the Finnoo Hill and in the commercial services block. The station opened on 3 December 2022, located 1,3 kilometres east from Kaitaa metro station and 1,6 kilometres west from Matinkylä metro station.

References

External links
Länsimetro work in progress

Helsinki Metro stations
2022 establishments in Finland
Kaspar Ludwig von Bredow (born 1685 in Neu Zauche, Mittelmark, died 11 June 1773 at Schloss Ihlow) was a Prussian lieutenant general, Knight of the Black Eagle Order, recipient of the Order Pour le Mérite and heir to Ihlow. He is regarded as one of the Crown Prince Frederick's military mentors.

Family
Kaspar Ludwig von Bredow was born in 1685 in Neu Zauche, Mittelmark, Brandenburg. His parents were Siegmund Gottfried von Bredow and Barbara Christina von Pannewitz (born c. 1653). His older brother, Frederick Siegmund von Bredow (1683–1759), was also one of Frederick's generals.  He married Dorothea Antoinette von Dachröden; the couple had two sons and a daughter.  Both sons joined the military.

Military career
Bredow began his career in the Prussian 21st Regiment of Foot Dönhoff and fought with the old general Ernst Wladislaus von Dönhoff in the War of Spanish Succession. In 1715 he was a captain of the Siege of Stralsund. On the 4 July 1720, he was promoted to major, and, subsequently on 14 July 1730, to lieutenant-colonel. When the Crown Prince Friedrich was sent as part of the relief force to the Siege of Philippsburg during the Rhine campaign in 1734, Lieutenant-Colonel von Bredow was one of his "military mentors".

After the debacle of the Katt affair in 1730, the Crown Prince lived in virtual house arrest in Rheinsberg; by 1733, after visiting his recalcitrant son, Frederick William eased the restrictions on the prince's life, and sent him on the Imperial military campaign in the Rhineland. Bredow was assigned by Frederick William I to teach the Crown Prince "order and economy" (Ordung und Haushaltung).  He was not only an "observer", assigned to watch over the prince and report back to the king any problems, and presumably to report back to the king, Bredow developed a good mentoring relationship with Frederick. He stayed with the Crown Prince from early 1734 through December, when Frederick returned to Berlin. Bredow traveled between the front, Berlin, and Bayreuth several times. In February of that year, Frederick wrote to his sister: "Captain Bredow has scared us all so much, especially me, when he said he found you so altered he did not recognize you and that you would not eat anything."

Bredow remained within Frederick's reach upon his ascension to the throne in 1740.  During the War of Austrian Succession, in the First Silesian War, Bredow served in several campaigns throughout Silesia and Bohemia.  After the Battle of Chotusitz in 1743, Frederick awarded him the Pour le Mérite and in 1748, the Order of the Black Eagle.
Bredow retired from the army in 1751, with a pension, and lived the rest of his days in the family estate at Schloss Ihlow.

References

1685 births
1771 deaths
Military personnel from Brandenburg
German army commanders in the War of the Spanish Succession
Prussian generals
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)
German military personnel of the War of the Austrian Succession
Prussian military personnel of the Seven Years' War
is a Japanese animation studio founded in 2013 by former staff from Brain's Base.

Works

Television series

Original video animations

Films

See also
Takahiro Omori

References

External links
 
 

Animation studios in Tokyo
Japanese animation studios
Mass media companies established in 2013
Japanese companies established in 2013
Mitaka, Tokyo