Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The Born–Landé equation is a means of calculating the lattice energy of a crystalline ionic compound. In 1918 Max Born and Alfred Landé proposed that the lattice energy could be derived from the electrostatic potential of the ionic lattice and a repulsive potential energy term.

where:
NA =  Avogadro constant;
M = Madelung constant, relating to the geometry of the crystal;
z+ = numeric charge number of cation
z− = numeric charge number of anion
e = elementary charge, 1.6022 C
ε0 = permittivity of free space
4πε0 = 1.112 C2/(J·m)
r0 = distance between closest cation [ +ve ] & anion [ -ve ].
n = Born exponent, typically a number between 5 and 12, determined experimentally by measuring the compressibility of the solid, or derived theoretically.
E = Lattice energy is expressed by 'E' .

Derivation
The ionic lattice is modeled as an assembly of hard elastic spheres which are compressed together by the mutual attraction of the electrostatic charges on the ions. They achieve the observed equilibrium distance apart due to a balancing short range repulsion.

Electrostatic potential
The electrostatic potential energy, Epair, between a pair of ions of equal and opposite charge is:

where
z = magnitude of charge on one ion
e = elementary charge, 1.6022 C
ε0 = permittivity of free space
4ε0 = 1.112 C2/(J·m)
r = distance separating the ion centers

For a simple lattice consisting ions with equal and opposite charge in a 1:1 ratio, interactions between one ion and all other lattice ions need to be summed to calculate EM, sometimes called the Madelung or lattice energy:

where
M = Madelung constant, which is related to the geometry of the crystal
r = closest distance between two ions of opposite charge

Repulsive term
Born and Lande suggested that a repulsive interaction between the lattice ions would be proportional to  so that the repulsive energy term, ER, would be expressed:

where
B = constant scaling the strength of the repulsive interaction
r = closest distance between two ions of opposite charge
n = Born exponent, a number between 5 and 12 expressing the steepness of the repulsive barrier

Total energy
The total intensive potential energy of an ion in the lattice can therefore be expressed as the sum of the Madelung and repulsive potentials:

Minimizing this energy with respect to r yields the equilibrium separation r0 in terms of the unknown constant B:

Evaluating the minimum intensive potential energy and substituting the expression for B in terms of r0 yields the Born–Landé equation:

Calculated lattice energies
The Born–Landé equation gives an idea to the lattice energy of a system.
  
{| class="wikitable" border="1" 
|-
! Compound 
! Calculated  
! Experimental  
|- 
!NaCl
| −756 kJ/mol
| −787 kJ/mol 
|- 
!LiF
| −1007 kJ/mol
| −1046 kJ/mol 
|- 
!CaCl2
| −2170 kJ/mol 
| −2255 kJ/mol 
|}

Born exponent
The Born exponent is typically between 5 and 12. Approximate experimental values are listed below:

{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!Ion configuration
!He
!Ne
!Ar, Cu+
!Kr, Ag+
!Xe, Au+
|-
!n
| 5
| 7
| 9
| 10
| 12
|}

See also
 Kapustinskii equation
 Born–Mayer equation

References

Solid-state chemistry
Ions
Max Born
The European Champion Clubs Cup is an athletics competition to the European junior athletics club that wins their national championships.

Organized by European Athletics Association, first edition was held in 1979. The 2011 held in Castellón, Spain.

Editions
For the first time, in 2011, an Italian team, Audacia Atletica Record Juniors, wins the cup in Women category.

See also
 European Athletics Association
 European Champion Clubs Cup (athletics)

References

External links
 European Athletics Association
 European Champion Clubs Cup for Junior - History
 European Champions Clubs Cup Track & Field Juniors: Winners & Records

Cup
Under-20 athletics competitions
Matthew 12:47 is the 47th verse in the twelfth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament.

Content
In the original Greek according to Westcott-Hort, this verse is:
Εἶπε δέ τις αὐτῷ, Ἰδού, ἡ μήτηρ σου καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοί σου ἔξω ἑστήκασι, ζητοῦντές σοι λαλῆσαι.  

In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads:
Then one said unto him, Behold, thy mother and thy brethren stand without, desiring to speak with thee.

The New International Version translates the passage as:
Someone told him, "Your mother and brothers are standing outside, wanting to speak to you."

Analysis
This person is believed to have been the messenger whom the brothers of Christ sent to call Him out.

Commentary from the Church Fathers
Jerome: "He that delivers this message, seems to me not to do it casually and without meaning, but as setting a snare for Him, whether He would prefer flesh and blood to the spiritual work; and thus the Lord refused to go out, not because He disowned His mother and His brethren, but that He might confound him that had laid this snare for Him."

References

External links
Other translations of Matthew 12:47 at BibleHub

12:47
Aquis Submersus (Latin for Drowned in the Waters) is a painting by the German dadaist and surrealist Max Ernst created in 1919. Influenced by the Italian metaphysical art it is one of Ernst's earliest works showing surrealistic accents. It currently resides at the Städel Museum in Frankfurt, Germany.

The painting depicts a swimming pool surrounded by buildings. The sense of dimension is unclear. The features of the buildings appear to be hand-drawn. The buildings leave shadows against the sky like a wall. Hanging in the sky is a clock that reflects on the water as a moon. In the pool, the picture shows a possibly female or childish body in an upside-down position with only the waist and legs above the water level. The person appears to be diving or is drowning. In the foreground is an armless statue-like figure that appears to have been made out of clay, throwing a shadow in the direction of the pool, similar to another shadow originating from outside the picture. The person looks away from the pool and bears a handlebar mustache resembling that of Ernst's father, but also has features which could be interpreted as female.
 
The painting carries the same name as a famous novella  by Theodor Storm, published in 1876, which influenced Ernst creating his painting.

References

Sources
 The Guardian – Analysis of Pietà or Revolution by Night that describes Ernst's father.

Paintings by Max Ernst
Surrealist paintings
1919 paintings
Paintings in the Städel
Swimming pools
Bathing in art
The world economy, or global economy, is the economy of the world.

World Economy may also refer to:
 The World Economy (journal), an academic journal
 The World Economy: Historical Statistics, a book by Angus Maddison
Crump may refer to:

Places 
 Crump, Michigan, United States
 Crump, Missouri, a community in Cape Girardeau County, Missouri, United States
 Crump, Tennessee, a city in Hardin County, Tennessee, United States
 Crump Island, off the northeast coast of Antigua
 Crump Lake (Oregon), United States

Other 
 Crump (surname)
 Crump Cup, an invitational golf tournament for amateurs
 Crump Stadium, a sports stadium in Memphis, Tennessee, built in 1934 and largely demolished in 2006
 Crump weir, a two dimensional triangular weir invented by Edwin Samuel Crump
 Crump's mouse (Diomys crumpi), a species of rodent in the family Muridae
 Shreve, Crump & Low, a Boston, Massachusetts jewelry business
 a Yu-Gi-Oh! character

See also 
 Krump, a dancing style
Betsey (or Betsy), was launched in 1801 at Calcutta, India. She made one voyage for the British East India Company (EIC) as Betsey. Around 1814 she sailed to England and was sold to English owners who renamed her Marquis of Wellington. As Marquis of Wellington she made a second voyage for the EIC after transporting convicts to New South Wales. She was returning to England in 1818 when she was wrecked near Margate.

Betsey
Edward Bacon (of Hudson & Bacon), Calcutta, in 1801 launched Betsey for his own account. On 10 February 1802 Captain W.W. Bampton (or Brampton) left Calcutta for London with a cargo of rice. Betsey passed Saugor on 10 March and reached St Helena on 30 June. She arrived at Deptford on 20 September.

On 6 December Betsey sailed from London to return to the local trade in India.

In 1814 or so her owners sold her and her new owners, in London, named her Marquis of Wellington. She was admitted to the Registry of Great Britain on 6 May 1814. She first appears in Lloyd’s Register in 1814, with owner D. Isbister & Co.

Marquis of Wellington
Marquis of Wellington made one trip for the EIC in which she transported convicts to New South Wales and then carried a cargo back from China to Portsmouth. On this voyage she made the first recorded European contact with Mokil Atoll (Mwoakilloa Atoll).

Under the command of George Betham (or Bitham), she sailed from Portsmouth, England, on 1 September 1814.  On 11 November Marquis of Wellington reached Rio de Janeiro. She then stayed there for some three weeks. Marquis of Wellington arrived at Port Jackson on 27 January 1815.

She had embarked 200 or 199 male convicts, of whom two or one died. Sources agree that 198 landed. A detachment from the 46th Regiment of Foot provided the guard; the regiment was transferring to Australia to replace the 73rd Regiment of Foot (1st Battalion Highlanders).

Marquis of Wellington left Port Jackson on 4 April, bound for China. She sighted Pohnpei, and on 7 May Betham made the first recorded sighting of Mokil (Mwoakilloa Atoll), at ., naming it "Wellington Group" after his ship, The name persisted for some years thereafter.

Marquis of Wellington arrived at Whampoa on 4 June. Homeward bound, she crossed the Second Bar on 12 July. She reached Batavia on 5 September and St Helena on 10 November, before arriving back at Portsmouth on 26 December.

Fate
On 21 November 1817, Lloyd's List reported that Marquis of Wellington, Nichols, master, had arrived at Bengal in a damaged state and been taken into dock. She was expected to be able to take on a cargo in June.

Marquis of Wellington was driven onshore on 4 March 1818 on the Mouse Sand, with the loss of two masts, when she was caught in a gale that also caused difficulties to many other vessels along the coast of England. Five days later she was abandoned as a total wreck. Marquis of Wellington, Nichols, master, had been sailing from Bengal to London. Part of her cargo was gotten off and taken to Whitstable and Margate.

Citations

References
 
 
 
 
 
 

1801 ships
British ships built in India
Convict ships to New South Wales
Ships of the British East India Company
Maritime incidents in 1818
The 2017 Liberty Flames football team represented Liberty University in the 2017 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by sixth-year head coach Turner Gill and played their home games at Williams Stadium. They were a member of the Big South Conference. They finished the season 6–5, 2–3 in Big South play to finish in fourth place.

The school owned by Jerry Falwell Jr. announced plans to undergo the two-year transition period join the Division I FBS as a football independent, while remaining in the Big South Conference in all other sports. While normally against NCAA rules to transition to FBS without a conference invite, Liberty was granted a waiver.

Schedule 

 Source: Schedule

Game summaries

At Baylor

Morehead State

Indiana State

At Jacksonville State

Saint Francis (PA)

Kennesaw State

At Monmouth

At Gardner–Webb

Duquesne

Presbyterian

At Charleston Southern

Ranking movements 

* Due to their transition to FBS, they are not eligible to be ranked in the FCS Coaches Poll.

References

Liberty
Liberty Flames football seasons
Liberty Flames football
Dana Wright (born September 20, 1959) is a Canadian former track and field athlete who competed in the 400 metres hurdles. She had personal bests of 57.35 seconds for the hurdles and 53.14 for the 400 metres sprint.

Born in Toronto, Ontario, she attended Old Dominion University. She placed third in the 400 m hurdles at the Canadian Athletics Championships in 1982, 1984 and 1985, with her best finish at the national level coming in 1987, when she was runner-up to Gwen Wall.

She gained selection for both the hurdles and as the alternate heats runner for the Canadian 4×400 metres relay at the 1984 Olympic Games. She was eliminated in the qualifying rounds of the hurdles but helped the relay team into the final of the competition. Molly Killingbeck replaced her in the final and Canada won the silver medal in Wright's absence. She was a hurdles finalist at the 1987 Pan American Games (coming seventh) but this was her final international appearance and she retired from the sport soon after.

References

External links

Living people
1959 births
Canadian female hurdlers
Canadian female sprinters
Athletes from Toronto
Olympic track and field athletes for Canada
Athletes (track and field) at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1987 Pan American Games
Pan American Games track and field athletes for Canada
Old Dominion Monarchs athletes
Olympic silver medalists for Canada
Olympic silver medalists in athletics (track and field)
Alexis André Serge Lichine (born 1960 in Margaux) is a French winemaker and entrepreneur, best known as the creator of Whispering Angel rosé wine.

He is the second child of Alexis Lichine and Gisèle Edenbourgh. He was educated at the Lycée Française in New York, and dropped out of Boston University. After his father's death in 1989, he took over the family business. He sold the family stake in Château Lascombes. He ran Château Prieuré-Lichine until 1999, when he sold it to Groupe Ballande for $28.8 million, some of which was used to pay off debts. In 2006 he bought Château d'Esclans in Provence for €13 million, investing a total of €35 million. In 2019, LVMH bought a majority stake in Château d'Esclans for an undisclosed amount, estimated at €140 million. They bought 5% from Lichine, and 50% from Alix AM PTE Limited, previously controlled by his business partner Hervé Vinciguerra.

Lichine is married to Mathilde and has five children.

References

1960 births
French winemakers
Living people
People from Gironde
Barringtonia pterita grows as a shrub or tree up to  tall, with a stem diameter of up to . Bark is black. The fruits are winged, up to  long. The plant is found in a variety of lowland habitats from sea level to  altitude. The specific epithet pterita is from the Greek meaning "wing", referring to the winged fruit. B. pterita is found in Borneo and the Philippines.

References

pterita
Plants described in 1914
Flora of the Philippines
Flora of Borneo
DB Class 403 may refer to:
DB Class 403 (1973), a train class in Germany (1973-1993)
DB Class 403 or ICE 3, a high speed train class in Germany (since 1999)
Beyond Nature is the title of a 1991 instrumental album by guitarist Phil Keaggy.

Track listing
All songs were written by Phil Keaggy, unless otherwise noted.

 "In the Light of Common Day"  – 3:52
 "County Down"  – 5:44
 "Symphonic Dance (Grieg, Op. 64)" (Edvard Grieg / Arranged by Keaggy)  – 5:44
 "Addison's Walk"  – 4:04
 "I Feel the Winds of God Today" (Traditional)  – 4:48
 "Fare Thee Well"  – 5:42
 "Fragile Forest"   – 4:24
 "Brother Jack"  – 4:54
 "As Warm as Tears"  – 6:05
 "A Place of Springs"  – 6:29
 "In the Light of Common Day (Reprise)"  – 4:11
 "When Night Falls"   – 4:08

Personnel

 Phil Keaggy – guitars, producer
 Stuart Duncan – fiddle
 Marianne Osiel – oboe
 Farrell Morris – percussion
 Kristin Wilkinson – viola
 Eberhard Ramm – French horn
 Mike Haynes – trumpet
 George Tidwell – trumpet
 Dennis Good – trombone
 Ralph Childs – tuba
 John Catchings – cello, viola
 Sam Levine – recorder, woodwinds, alto and bass flute
 Dave Davidson – violin
 Chris Teal – violin

Production
 JB – producer, engineer, mixing
 Don Hart – ensemble arrangements
 Digital Recorders, Studio D – recording location
 Javalina Recording Studios, Studio A – recording location
 Ben Pearson – photography

References 

1991 albums
Instrumental albums
Phil Keaggy albums
Kian Baraftab (, also Romanized as Kīān Barāftāb; also known as Kīān-e Soflá) is a village in Zagheh Rural District, Zagheh District, Khorramabad County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 186, in 42 families.

References 

Populated places in Khorramabad County
Animal is the third and last studio album by American death metal band Animosity, released in 2007.

Track listing

"Terrorstorm" - 3:53
"Tooth Grinder" - 2:54
"Bombs Over Rome" - 2:34
"Evangelicult" - 0:04
"Animal" - 2:44
"Plunder Incorporated" - 2:40
"Operating From The Ditch" - 2:47
"You Can't Win" - 3:47
"Progression in Defeat" - 2:37
"Elucidation" - 0:34
"A Passionate Journey" - 4:09

References

2007 albums
Animosity (band) albums
Albums produced by Kurt Ballou
Metal Blade Records albums
Macclesfield College is a Further Education College in Macclesfield, Cheshire which primarily offers BTEC and NVQ qualifications. The college is noted within the local area as an aerospace engineering college as it used to possess a Jetstream Super 31 for its aerospace engineering students.

The college principal is Rachel Kay with Lucy Reed as the assistant principal. The college currently has an Ofsted rating of Good.

Macclesfield College is situated on the Learning Zone campus, other establishments on the site include The Macclesfield Academy Park Lane School and Macclesfield Tennis Club.

The Learning Zone campus is situated on the A536 in Macclesfield providing good links to Congleton, Poynton and the M6. The campus is also a 20 minute walk from the town centre and Macclesfield railway station

There is also 2 bus stops outside the campus with a half-hourly bus service to Congleton, Sandbach and Crewe. The buses are operated by D&G Bus & Arriva North West

External links
Official website

Buildings and structures in the Borough of Cheshire East
Further education colleges in Cheshire
Learning and Skills Beacons
Education in the Borough of Cheshire East
Macclesfield
Immaterial may refer to:

 The opposite of matter, material, materialism, or materialistic
 Maya (illusion), a concept in all Indian religions, that all matter is a grand illusion
 Incorporeality
 Immaterialism, including subjective idealism (and other idealism/mentalism/spiritualism)
 Immaterial financial matters, in accounting and auditing terms
 Immaterial (collection), a 2002 short story collection by Robert Hood
 Immaterial labor
 It's Immaterial, British pop music band
"Immaterial", a song by Sophie from Oil of Every Pearl's Un-Insides
Zaisho is a meteorite whose fall in Japan in February 1898 was seen by observers on the ground.  it remains one of only four known pallasite falls, along with Marjalahti, Mineo and Omolon.

Mineralogy

Classification

See also
 Glossary of meteoritics

References

Meteorites found in Japan
1898 in Japan
Lisa Walters (born January 9, 1960) is a Canadian professional golfer who played on the LPGA Tour. She competed under her maiden name Lisa Young until 1988.

Young was born in Prince Rupert, British Columbia. she won several amateur tournaments in British Columbia including three straight British Columbia Ladies' Championships. She played college golf at Florida State University where she was an All-American in 1981.

Walters joined the LPGA Tour in 1984 and won three times between 1992 and 1998.

Walters was inducted into the Canadian Golf Hall of Fame in 2008.

Amateur wins
1977 British Columbia Junior Championship
1979 British Columbia Ladies' Championship
1980 British Columbia Ladies' Championship
1981 British Columbia Ladies' Championship

Professional wins

LPGA Tour wins (3)

References

Canadian female golfers
Florida State Seminoles women's golfers
Golfing people from British Columbia
LPGA Tour golfers
People from Prince Rupert, British Columbia
Golfers from Tampa, Florida
1960 births
Living people
Qasr el Banat (also known as Euhemeria) is an ancient Roman fort located between Qift and Al-Qusayr in Egypt.

The fort measures  by . Inscriptions found nearby have been dated to the reigns of the emperors Augustus and Hadrian.

References

Archaeological sites in Egypt
Roman sites in Egypt
Acraea conradti is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Tanzania (from the north-east to the Usambara Mountains) and Mozambique.

Description

A. conradti Oberth. (56 f) differs from all the preceding similarly coloured and marked species [members of the Acraea masamba species group.]  in having the apical half of the forewing densely scaled without vitreous spot in 3 but with sharply defined white spots in 4 to 6 and especially in having the veins of the hindwing beneath broadly black at the distal margin and the streaks short and thickened, coniform. Nyassaland and German East Africa.

Taxonomy
It is a member of the Acraea circeis species group- but see also Pierre & Bernaud, 2014

References

External links

Images representing Acraea conradti at Bold
Images representing Acraea conradti vumbui at Bold

Butterflies described in 1893
conradti
Butterflies of Africa
The 2020–21 Ranji Trophy was scheduled to be the 87th season of the Ranji Trophy, the premier first-class cricket tournament in India. Saurashtra were the defending champions. However, in January 2021, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) confirmed that the season had been cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was the first time since the tournament's inception in the 1934–35 season that the Ranji Trophy was not held.

Background
Before the COVID-19 pandemic started, a change to the format of the tournament was submitted to the BCCI, splitting the elite teams into five groups, instead of three, therefore reducing the number of matches. However, in June 2020, the BCCI denied that any changes to the tournament's structure would be taking place. Also in June, Rahul Dravid, the head of cricket at the National Cricket Academy, suggested that the Indian domestic season could start later or be shortened due to the pandemic. On 19 July 2020, the Times of India reported that the Ranji Trophy would be the only senior domestic cricket tournament to be played in the Indian 2020–21 cricket season, with teams split into five zones, North, West, South, East and Central. In August 2020, the BCCI confirmed that hosting the Ranji Trophy was "a priority". The following month, the BCCI warned that the domestic cricket season could be severely curtailed due to the pandemic, including the possibility of no cricket taking place.

In December 2020, the BCCI confirmed the dates of the 2020–21 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy, with a decision on the Ranji Trophy due after the completion of the group stage of the Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. Originally, the tournament was scheduled to start on 1 January 2021. However, the start was delayed, with the BCCI looking to begin a reduced competition from February 2021. On 30 January, the BCCI cancelled the 2020–21 Ranji Trophy season, but gave the go-ahead for the 2020–21 Vijay Hazare Trophy to take place. An estimated 800 cricketers were impacted by the cancellation of the tournament, with each player due to be paid R140,000 per match.

See also
 Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cricket

References

Ranji Trophy seasons
Ranji Trophy
Ranji Trophy
Ranji Trophy Trophy
Ranji Trophy