Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Petralca is an extinct genus of loon found in Oligocene and Miocene deposits of Austria. The type and only species, Petralca austriaca, was described in 1987. It is the only member of the Petralcinae subfamily. Originally thought to be the oldest representative of auk in Europe, it was reinterpreted as a member of Gaviiformes by Göhlich & Mayr (2018).

References

Gaviiformes
Neogene birds of Europe
Fossil taxa described in 1987
Fossils of Austria
The 1997–98 National League 1, sponsored by Jewson, was the eleventh full season of rugby union within the third tier of the English league system, currently known as National League 1.

Structure
The league consisted of fourteen teams, playing each other on a home and away basis to make a total of twenty-six matches for each team. There were four promotion places with the top four teams promoted to the 1998–99 Allied Dunbar Premiership Two. There was no relegation, this season, to either National Division 4 North or South due to an increase, from twelve teams to fourteen, in the top two divisions.

Participating teams and locations 

National Division Three was reduced from sixteen teams to fourteen with ten of the clubs participating in last seasons competition. To make up the numbers two of the teams (Rugby Lions and Nottingham) were relegated from National League 2, and the champions of National 4 North (Worcester) and National 4 South (Newbury) were both promoted.

League table

Sponsorship
For the first ten seasons Courage Brewery sponsored the league. Following reorganisation the top two divisions are sponsored by the assurance company Allied Dunbar and the rest of the divisions, including National League 1 is sponsored by the building suppliers, Jewson.

See also
 English Rugby Union Leagues
 English rugby union system
 Rugby union in England

References

Nat
National League 1 seasons
Buyspoort Pass, (also spelled Buispoort) is a mountain pass located in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa on the N9 national route between Uniondale and Willowmore. Its name derives from the surname Buys and poort, the Afrikaans word for gate.

References

Mountain passes of the Eastern Cape
Gary Stevens may refer to:

 Gary Stevens (American football) (born 1943), former American football coach
 Gary Stevens (Australian rules footballer) (born 1972), former Sydney Swans player
 Gary Stevens (footballer, born 1954) English footballer, played for Cardiff City and Shrewsbury Town
 Gary Stevens (footballer, born 1962) English footballer, played for Brighton and Tottenham
 Gary Stevens (footballer, born 1963) English footballer, played for Everton and Rangers
 Gary Stevens (jockey) (born 1963), American jockey
 Gary Stevens (politician) (born 1941), Alaska State Senator  
 Gary Stevens (radio), American disc jockey in the 1960s for WMCA and Swinging Radio England
 Gary Stevens (rugby league) (born 1944), Australian rugby league footballer
Kahuta (Punjabi, Urdu: ) is a census-designated place, city and tehsil in the Rawalpindi District of Punjab, Pakistan. The population of the Kahuta Tehsil is approximately 220,576 at the 2017 census. Kahuta is the home to the Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL) which was founded to undertake the Kahuta Project as part of the atomic bomb project. Before the Kahuta Project, the site was occupied by retired officers of Pakistan Armed Forces and contained a small public community, including a private high school.

Etymology 
The name "Kahuta" was originated from the name of the tree which is extensively found there. The local name of the tree is "koh". It could also be named after the Kahut tribe which is a prominent tribe in the region and in the surrounding regions also.

History
The modern city of Kahuta seems to have been founded and developed during British rule by James Abbott. Kahuta was a small incorporated city until the 1970s when KRL was constructed by the Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers under Engineering officer Major-General Zahid Ali Akbar, Director of Project-706. During the 1960s and 1970s, Kahuta was inhabited by retired officers of the Pakistan Army.

In the 1970s, the Ministry of Defence was tasked by Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto to search for a remote location for carrying out atomic and weapon-testing experiments for the integrated atomic bomb project in 1976. The Uranium Coordination Board (UCB) headed by Ghulam Ishaq Khan financed the reconstruction of the site. Major-General Zahid Ali Akbar and later completed the drawings, surveying and measured the area aerially. Within the week, the whole site was acquired by the Ministry of Defence, and the army truckloads, heavy engineering vehicles arrived the next day to re-built the site.  All incoming materials and research equipment were labeled as common items and engineering tools to conceal the true nature of their purpose. Scientists and engineers working and living in Kahuta were censored by the senior military officials. Soon, the site was classified and abandoned for public with only few allowed to resides. The Engineering Research Laboratories (now KRL) was established by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto as a research government national facility under the Ministry of Defence.

Geography

Kahuta is situated in the Himalayan foothills in Rawalpindi District of Pakistan's Punjab Province, approximately 30 km southeast of Pakistan's capital, Islamabad. There are many picnic spots like Punjpeer Rocks in Narar (Narh), Ling Stream and Badshah Peak in Sore Valley, Kotli Sattian, Azad Pattan, Tlaitar and Beyore Salitha,Nara matore. The area is noted for its wildlife and hunting. The region is also famous for its high mountains and many of the villagers live in the mountains. The Potohari dialect of the Punjabi language is spoken in this region.

References

Populated places in Kahuta Tehsil
Nuclear history of Pakistan
Project-706
History of science and technology in Pakistan
Cities in Rawalpindi District
Violent disorder is a statutory offence in England and Wales. It is created by section 2(1) of the Public Order Act 1986. Sections 2(1) to (4) of that Act provide:

(1) Where 3 or more persons who are present together use or threaten unlawful violence and the conduct of them (taken together) is such as would cause a person of reasonable firmness present at the scene to fear for their personal safety, each of the persons using or threatening unlawful violence is guilty of violent disorder.
(2) It is immaterial whether the 3 or more use or threaten unlawful violence simultaneously.
(3) No person of reasonable firmness need actually be, or be likely to be, present at the scene.
(4) Violent disorder may be committed in private as well as in public places.

"3 or more persons"

See the following cases:
R v Mahroof [1988] 88 Cr App R 317, CA
R v Fleming and Robinson [1989] Crim LR 658, CA
R v McGuigan and Cameron [1991] Crim LR 719, CA

"Violence"

This word is defined by section 8.

Mens rea
For the mens rea, see section 6(2).

Indictment
As to particularisation, see R v Mahroof [1988], 88 Cr App R 317, CA.

Alternative verdict
See sections 7(3) and (4).

Arrest
Before 1 January 2006 this offence was classified as an arrestable offence by virtue of section 24(1)(b) of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984. See now sections 24 and 24A of that Act, as substituted by the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005.

Mode of trial and sentence
Violent disorder is triable either way. A person guilty of violent disorder is liable on conviction on indictment to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years, or to a fine, or to both, or, on summary conviction, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months, or to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum, or to both.

The following cases are relevant:

R v Tomlinson, 157 JP 695, CA
R v Hebron and Spencer, 11 Cr App R (S) 226, [1989] Crim LR 839, CA
R v Watson & others (1990) 12 Cr App R (S) 477
R v Tyler and others, 96 Cr App R 332, [1993] Crim LR 60, CA
R v Green [1997] 2 Cr App R (S) 191
R v Chapman (2002) 146 SJ
R v Rees [2006] 2 Cr App R (S) 20

References 

 Blackstones Police Manual Volume 4 General police duties, Fraser Simpson (2006). pp. 246. Oxford University Press. 
 

Legal terminology
Violence
English laws
José W. F. Valle (born June 2, 1953) is a Spanish-Brazilian physicist.

Biography
Born in Brazil, he earned a PhD in Theoretical Physics from Syracuse University (New York, 1982). In January 1983 he joined the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire, UK, as a Research Associate, where he got married with a Spanish geneticist.  In 1986 he moved to Spain, joining as a visiting professor at the Autonomous University of Barcelona, and subsequently IFIC (Instituto de Física Corpuscular)

at the University of Valencia in 1987. He is a Full Professor at the Spanish Council for Scientific Research CSIC. He is known for his numerous contributions to theoretical astroparticle and high energy physics, especially neutrino physics.

Valle has contributed significantly to the modern theory of neutrino mass. In a groundbreaking work with Joseph Schechter  he has provided the first exhaustive discussion of the various mechanisms of neutrino mass generation (including the variants of the seesaw mechanism). The same authors also formulated the Schechter-Valle theorem 
demonstrating that an observation of neutrinoless double beta decay will necessarily imply neutrinos to be Majorana fermions and vice versa. He also contributed to the correct interpretation of  
the oscillations of solar and atmospheric neutrinos which led to the physics Nobel Prize 2015 awarded to 
Arthur B. McDonald and Takaaki Kajita. The discovery of neutrino masses and oscillations can be considered as the only firm indication of the incompleteness of the Standard Model of particle physics with important consequences also for astrophysics and cosmology.

Honors
 Spanish Iberdrola Science & Technology Prize for Theoretical Physics in 1999
 Humboldt Prize in 2002
 Medal of the Mexican Physical Society, 2014.
 Premio México de Ciencia y Tecnología 2018

Press

 An Interview to Spanish newspaper [El Pais, October 2006.
  An article on "Neutrino detection" in Spanish newspaper Publico,  May 2008, download here.

Publications

Authored a particle physics textbook Neutrinos in High Energy and Astroparticle Physics which has been reviewed by the CERN Courier

Here is his publication profile  from the INSPIRE-HEP High Energy Physics database.

References

External links
 Citation summary profile from Inspire Energy Physics database 
 
 Particle theorists citation ranking from Spires HEP database (2004).
 AHEP Group official site
 IFIC-Institut de Física Corpuscular official site
  Items by or about José Valle in the Library of Congress catalogue
  Items by or about José Valle in the German National Library catalogue
 Cited in the popular science book The Perfect Wave: With Neutrinos at the Boundary of Space and Time, by Heinrich Päs, Harvard University Press
 Receiving Premio México de Ciencia y Tecnología 2018, on December 9, 2019, Mexico, DF.

See also
 List of theoretical physicists

Particle physicists
Weak interaction physicists
Brazilian physicists
Humboldt Research Award recipients
Spanish physicists
Living people
1953 births
Victims is an album by the South African musician Lucky Dube, released in 1993. It has sold more than a million copies. Lucky Dube supported the album with a North American tour.

Production
The album was produced by Richard Siluma and Simon Law. The title track, about black-on-black crime, references Bob Marley's "Redemption Song". "Keep On Knocking" is about the love of a mother for her child. Lucky Dube based his lyrics on the experiences of real people, rather than news coverage of political events.

Lucky Dube used a horn section and emphasized a more rock guitar style. Lucky Dube's backing band, the Slaves, performed on Victims.

Critical reception

The Philadelphia Inquirer wrote that "Lucky Dube's buttery baritone, Rasta preacher vibe and relaxed old-style groove will come as a delight to fans of the classic Wailers records." The Chicago Tribune noted that the album "mixes Jamaican and African influences with a sharply modern pop-oriented approach." The Tampa Tribune called it "an appealing blend of solid, grooving music with a concern for the plight of the oppressed."

The Gazette determined that "the singer's studio delivery always seems less fiery, less passionate ... that has never been truer than on his latest release." The Boston Globe stated that "smooth horns and a myriad of percussion instruments keep things moving seamlessly as Dube tackles his usual themes of oppression, racism and liberation in the spiritual and physical sense." The Boston Herald concluded that Lucky Dube's "range of material—from heart-wrenching groovers to tough-minded reggae-rockers—and vivid arrangements make this album a contemporary roots reggae treasure."

AllMusic wrote that the album "manages to ease him into a lighter, more commercial setting without diluting his message or sound." The Columbus Dispatch included Victims on its list of the best albums of 1993.

Track listing

References

1993 albums
Shanachie Records albums
Albums by South African artists
U.S. 75 Alternate (also signed as U.S. Highway 75A or State Highway 75A) is a  highway near Tulsa. The southern terminus is at U.S. Highway 75 and SH-16 east of Beggs. The northern terminus is signed at State Highway 66 and State Highway 97 in Sapulpa. However, the highway continues unsigned along SH-66, ending at the north terminus of the Turner Turnpike, where SH-66 merges onto the free portion of I-44. It runs parallel to US-75 for its entire length.

Except for the segment between new US-75 and Beggs, US-75 ALT follows the route of the old US-75 prior to the construction of the Okmulgee Beeline and that road's subsequent designation as US-75 in 1959.

Route description

US-75 Alternate begins where SH-16 crosses under US-75 east of Beggs. West of this intersection, US-75 ALT is signed along with SH-16. The two highways continue west into the city of Beggs, where the partnership ends. US-75 ALT turns north onto the route of the old US-75, passing through Beggs and then rural areas of Okmulgee County on a due north course. The highway crosses into Creek County, then curves to the northeast for about  before returning to a northerly course through Mounds. After passing through Mounds, US-75 ALT follows a route a few degrees west of due north, bringing it to the town of Kiefer, where it serves as the western terminus of SH-67.

From Kiefer, the highway turns northwest. The highway bridges Polecat Creek as it turns west to enter the city of Sapulpa. The route then turns back to the north as it gets closer the city's core. The highway intersects SH-117 in about the center of town. The road then intersects SH-33 and SH-66, while the mainline becomes SH-97. At this intersection, signage indicating the north end of US-75 ALT is posted.

Officially, however, US-75 ALT continues onward from here, turning right and following SH-66 through the east part of Sapulpa. This section of US-75 ALT is signed exclusively as SH-66. The road parallels I-44, the Turner Turnpike. The highways pass under the Creek Turnpike as well. Finally, as the Turner Turnpike comes to an end and I-44 transitions into a free Interstate, SH-66 merges onto the freeway. US-75 ALT ends at this point, just south of the Creek–Tulsa County line.

History
US-75 ALT largely follows the route of the old US-75 before the "Okmulgee Beeline", the expressway/freeway between Okmulgee and Tulsa, was built. On August 28, 1959, the US-75 name was moved onto the new highway, and US-75 ALT was designated for the old highway.  The old route of US-75 south of Beggs continues to be designated as Old Highway 75 into Okmulgee, at which point it is signed as North Oklahoma Avenue until 6th Street.

Junction list

References

External links

SH-75A at Roadklahoma

75 Alternate (Beggs–Sapulpa, Oklahoma)
75 Alternate (Beggs–Sapulpa)
Alternate (Beggs–Sapulpa, Oklahoma)
Transportation in Okmulgee County, Oklahoma
Transportation in Creek County, Oklahoma
Sir Cecil Lancelot Stewart Cross  (12 November 1912 – 13 May 1989), commonly known as Lance Cross, was the eighth member of the International Olympic Committee from New Zealand, from 1969 to 1987.

Biography
Cross was born in Dunedin, New Zealand, on 12 November 1912, and attended Timaru Boys' High School from 1925 to 1929. In 1940, he married Amy Taylor, and the couple went on to have two children.

He was appointed chairman of the New Zealand Olympic Committee in 1967, and was Head of Sports Broadcasting for the New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation from 1953 to 1975. In 1969, Cross became the New Zealand International Olympic Committee member in 1969. He was replaced on the IOC by Tay Wilson in 1988.

Cross was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, for services to sports administration, in the 1973 New Year Honours, and promoted to Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1977 New Year Honours, for services to sport as a member of the International Olympic Committee and chairman of the New Zealand Olympic and Commonwealth Games Association. He was appointed a Knight Bachelor, for services to sport, in the 1984 Queen's Birthday Honours.

Cross died in Wellington in 1989.

References

1912 births
1989 deaths
International Olympic Committee members
New Zealand sports executives and administrators
Sportspeople from Dunedin
New Zealand Knights Bachelor
New Zealand Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
People educated at Timaru Boys' High School
The Agoo–Damortis Protected Landscape and Seascape is located on the eastern side of Lingayen Gulf in southern La Union, Philippines. It was established in 2000 to protect  of coastal area, including mangrove swamps, seagrass beds and stretches of fine black sand beaches. It was first gazetted as a national park in 1965 and was known as the Agoo–Damortis National Seashore Park. It covers approximately  of the coastline of Lingayen Gulf shared between the municipalities of Agoo, Santo Tomas and Rosario.

Description
The Agoo–Damortis park is located in 19 coastal barangays in southern La Union from Santa Rita in Agoo to the border with the province of Pangasinan. It is fed by three rivers, namely the Agoo, Bani and Cupang Rivers. The park includes the Santo Tomas Cove (also known as Damortis Cove) in Santo Tomas formed by a sand spit and bank on the western side which extends for  southwards in the sitio of Sungyot. The  cove is the location of large tracts of fishponds, as well as the Santo Tomas Anchorage and Fish Port. On the park's northern portion in Santa Rita is the  Agoo Eco-Tourism World of Fun, an eco-tourism park developed by the local government, which contains a lagoon for fishing, kayaking and other water sport activities, and bicycle lanes along the park's seawall.

The park is just  south of the provincial capital of San Fernando and  north of Manila.

Flora and fauna
Mangroves dominate the foreshore area which provide spawning and nursery grounds for fishes and crustaceans, and habitat for both local and migratory birds. Mangrove species in the area include: Avicennia spp.; Nipa fruticans; Pemphis acidula; Rhizophora apiculata; and Rhizophora mucronata.

The slipmouth, goatfish, bream, snapper, grouper, tigerperch and rabbitfish are some species of fish in the area. Vast expanse of seagrass is also found in the area.

References

Protected landscapes and seascapes of the Philippines
Geography of La Union
Tourist attractions in La Union
Protected areas established in 1965
1965 establishments in the Philippines
Adam Michael Cwejman (born 12 January 1985 in Gothenburg) is a Swedish politician of Polish-Jewish descent.

Cwejman joined the Liberal Youth of Sweden in 2006 and became a member of the executive committee in 2008. He has also worked as an ombudsman for the organization in western Sweden. He has a B.A. in international relations from the University of Gothenburg and has also worked at Volvo, as a gardener and as a teacher of Eastern European studies. He was unanimously elected chairman of the Liberal Youth of Sweden at its congress in Nässjö on 7 August 2009. He did not contest the 2012 chairman election, which was won by Linda Nordlund.

References

External links 
 Official blog

1985 births
Jewish Swedish politicians
Living people
Politicians from Gothenburg
Swedish Jews
University of Gothenburg alumni
Liberals (Sweden) politicians
Swedish male bloggers
Southern Base Engineer Group 2 was formed in the European Theater of Operations United States Army on 1 August 1943.

Composition
The units were as follows:

 332nd Engineer General Service Regiment
 333rd Engineer Special Service Regiment
 354th Engineer General Service Regiment
 437th Engineer Maintenance Company
 416th Engineer Dump Truck Company
 419th Engineer Dump Truck Company
 517th Engineer Dump Truck Company
 518th Engineer Dump Truck Company
 389th Engineer Battalion (separated unit)
 359th Engineer General Service Regiment
 1302nd Engineer General Service Regiment
 1278th Engineer Combat Battalion
 204th Engineer Combat Battalion
 300th Engineer Combat Battalion

References

Groups of the United States Army
Military units and formations established in 1943
Engineering units and formations of the United States Army
Thomas Taylor (9 April 1903 – 14 November 1978) was an English professional footballer who played as an inside-forward for Southampton in the 1920s.

Football career
Taylor was born in Wavertree and played as an amateur for Rhos in the Welsh National League, where he made an appearance for the Welsh League against Cheshire at Chester. In 1926, he joined Manchester City but failed to break through into the first team.

In August 1927, he moved to the south coast to join Southampton of the Football League Second Division. He made his debut when he took the place of Dick Rowley at inside-right for the match at Grimsby Town on 24 September 1927. The match finished 2–2, with his namesake Sammy Taylor scoring both the Saints' goals. He retained his place for the next match, before Rowley's return and was not called back into the first team until the penultimate match of the season, this time at inside-left, when he scored the consolation goal in a 6–1 defeat at champions Manchester City. In the next match, Taylor scored again in a 2–1 victory over Nottingham Forest.

At the start of the next season, Taylor played twice at inside-left in place of Charlie Petrie and scored in both matches, away to Port Vale and at home to Tottenham Hotspur. Despite this, he only made two further first-team appearances, both without scoring, and in November 1929 his contract was terminated.

References

External links
Career details on www.11v11.com

1903 births
1978 deaths
Footballers from Liverpool
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Manchester City F.C. players
Southampton F.C. players
English Football League players
The culture of Auckland encompasses the city's artistic, culinary, literary, musical, political and social elements, and is well-known throughout the world. As New Zealand's largest city and one of the most important in the Southern Hemisphere, Auckland has a rich and dynamic cultural life and a long, multicultural history. Auckland's genesis as New Zealand's cultural heart began with the large-scale settlement of its fertile land by Ngāti Whātua and various Tainui hapū, before greater settlement by further iwi such as Ngāpuhi and the arrival of Pākehā. Auckland's culture derives further from its multicultural demographics, thanks to large-scale Indian, Colombian, Venezuelan, Arab, Cook Islands Māori, Tongan, Tokelauan, British, Irish, Fijian, Chinese, Niuean, Samoan, Filipino, Khmer, and intertribal Māori immigration, among others. From there, these communities established ethnic strongholds (e.g. historically Samoans in Grey Lynn and Ponsonby, Chinese in Howick, Indians in Papatoetoe, etc).

Auckland has a strong arts scene, with dozens of galleries, and also a well-established food culture. The city is regarded as a highly cosmopolitan and ethnically superdiverse city, with the largest Polynesian population in the world.

References

Auckland
New Zealand culture