Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Mikhail Grigoryevich Tskhakaya (, ; 4 May 1865 – 19 March 1950), also known as Barsov, was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet politician. Barsov was a senior leader in the Bolshevik movement in Georgia, having been active in revolutionary politics since 1880. He was one of the five signatories of the Document that formed the Soviet Union.

He was born in 1865 in Martvili Municipality. In 1892, he helped found Mesame Dasi (third group), the first Georgian Socialist party. When the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party was founded, he joined it. He saved the young Joseph Stalin from expulsion for Georgian nationalism in 1904. However, Tskhakaya made Stalin write a credo renouncing his views and attend a series of his lectures on Marxism. Despite this, they remained friends. 

In July 1906, Tskhakaya was Stalin's witness at his wedding to Kato Svanidze. On September 9, Tskhakaya and Stalin were among just six Bolsheviks at the Social Democratic conference in Tbilisi (the other 36 were Mensheviks). They shared a room at the 5th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in London. Neither were allowed to vote owing to Bolshevism's weakness in Georgia. In 1907, after a series of arrests and deportations, he went into exile in Switzerland, where he visited Lenin in Geneva. 

He returned to Russia in 1917, alongside Lenin on the famous sealed train. From that point onwards, he was an influential leader of the Communist Party of Georgia. In June 1919 he was arrested in Kutaisi by the Menshevik government and released in May 1920. He became a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Georgia. He was the representative of the Georgian SSR under the government of the RSFSR. 

From 1923 to 1930 Tskhakaya served as Chairman of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Georgian SSR and one of the chairmen of the Central Executive Committee of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic while also being member of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union.

From 1920 he was member of the Executive Committee of the Communist International. In 1922 he signed the Treaty on the formation of the Soviet Union, representing the Transcaucasian SSR.

He died in Moscow after a serious illness on March 19, 1950, shortly after his election  as a deputy to the Soviet of Nationalities of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. In the 1980s, he was reburied at the Mtatsminda Pantheon.

References

1865 births
1950 deaths
Burials at Mtatsminda Pantheon
Executive Committee of the Communist International
Communist Party of Georgia (Soviet Union) politicians
Revolutionaries from Georgia (country)
Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
Mingrelians
Old Bolsheviks
People from Kutais Governorate
People from Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members
Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic People
Charles Edward Horsley (16 December 1822 – 28 February 1876), English musician, was the son of William Horsley.

He studied in Germany under Hauptmann and Mendelssohn, and on his return to England composed several oratorios and other pieces, none of which had permanent success. In 1849 he was invited by William Sterndale Bennett to become a founder member of the Bach Society. In 1860 he was appointed to arrange the music for the 1862 International Exhibition. In the following year he emigrated to Australia, where he worked as a choral and orchestral conductor. He was appointed as the organist at Christ Church, South Yarra, but resigned after six months, frustrated by Bishop Perry's injunctions against music, Perry being an extreme Evangelical. In 1872 went to America. Three weeks after landing in America, he was appointed organist of St John's Chapel, New York at a salary of £500 a year, which position he filled to the day of his death. His wife, Georgina, to carry out his wishes, placed him to rest near and with his own people in Kensal Green Cemetery, London.

His works include the oratorio Gideon, Op.50, written for the Glasgow Music Festival in January 1860. There is also a string quartet in C major, the manuscript of which is dated March 1861, shortly after his arrival in Australia; this is probably the first work for this combination to have been written on Australian soil. In  1870 Horsley was commissioned to compose a cantata Euterpe to a poem by Henry Kendall,  performed at the Melbourne Town Hall opening in 1876.

In the United States he wrote sentimental and patriotic songs, which continued to appear until the last year of his life.

The world première of his Mendelssohnian violin concerto op. 29 (1849) was performed on October 11, 2016, in Fayetteville, Arkansas by violinist Selim Giray and University of Arkansas Symphony Orchestra under the direction of conductor Robert K. Mueller.

Horsley was depicted as the composer Auchester in Elizabeth Sara Sheppard's novel Charles Auchester (1853).

References

External links

Free scores at the Mutopia Project

1822 births
1876 deaths
English composers
Australian male composers
Australian composers
19th-century British composers
19th-century English musicians
19th-century British male musicians
William Horsley family
Edmond Canaple (19 November 1797 – 8 June 1876) was a French politician. He served as a member of the Corps législatif from 1855 to 1863.

References

1797 births
1876 deaths
Politicians from Marseille
Plumtree is a town in Zimbabwe. Marula trees, wild plum trees (Ntungulu in tjiKalanga) grow abundantly in the area. The town was once called Getjenge by baKalanga. Another name by which it is often caled, is Titji, meaning station and referring to the railway station which was operating in the area around 1897.

Location
The town is located in Bulilimamangwe District, in the Matabeleland South Province, in southwestern Zimbabwe, at the international border with Botswana. It is located about  by road, southwest of Bulawayo, the nearest large city. Plumtree sits on the main road between Bulawayo in Zimbabwe and Francistown in Botswana, about , further southwest from Plumtree. The geographical coordinates of Plumtree are:
20°28'41.0"S, 27°47'50.0"E (Latitude:-20.478056; Longitude:27.797222). The border is defined by the Ramokgwebana River.  The village of Ramokgwebana is opposite Plumtree on the Botswana side. Plumtree lies at an average elevation of  above mean sea level.

Overview
It is the local administrative centre for Mangwe District, which consists of two sub-districts; namely (a) Mangwe Urban (Plumtree) and (b) Mangwe Rural. What was Bulilima West, is now Bulilima District. (see:Map of the Districts of Matabeleland South Province)

At an altitude of  above sea level, the town sits on the watershed between the Limpopo River basin to the south and the  Zambezi River basin to the north. The Tati River rises near Plumtree, running west and then south into the Shashe River, a tributary of the Limpopo. The annual rainfall is about , with a long dry season from April to October.

The railway from Bulawayo to Francistown crosses the border near Plumtree. There is a functioning casino in Plumtree. There are several elementary and secondary schools in the town. Radio and television reception from within Zimbabwe is weak in this neighborhood. Residents in Plumtree and neighboring communities rely on reception from neighboring Botswana and South Africa for news and general information.

Population
There are two main languages spoken in Plumtree; (a) tjiKalanga and (b) isiNdebele. Other languages spoken to a lesser extent include seTswana, used near the Botswana border. In 2004, the population of the town was estimated at 2,184. The 2012 national population census enumerated the population of Plumtree at 11,660 inhabitants. Of these, 6,261 (53.7 percent) were females and 5,399 (46.3 percent) were males. They were grouped into 3,273 households with an average size of 3.6 family members.

Climate

Notable people linked to Plumtree
 Alfred Taylor
 Pommie Mbangwa

See also
 Kalanga people
 Economy of Zimbabwe
 Districts of Zimbabwe
 Provinces of Zimbabwe

References

External links
 Plumtree Development Trust As of December 2017.

Populated places in Matabeleland South Province
Mangwe District
Botswana–Zimbabwe border crossings
The 2016 Rio de Janeiro municipal election took place on 2 October and 30 October 2016 to elect a Mayor, a Vice Mayor and 51 City Councillors for the administration of the city. The incumbent Mayor, Eduardo Paes of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB), was term-limited and couldn't run for re-election. The election took place against a backdrop of mass protests and the impeachment of president Dilma Rousseff of the Workers' Party (PT) earlier that year.

Candidates

Debates

First round

Second round

Opinion polls

First round

Second round

Results

Mayor

City Councillors

Notes

References

History of Rio de Janeiro (city)
Mayoral elections in Brazil
October 2016 events in South America
Rio de Janiero mayoral
Labergement-Sainte-Marie () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in Eastern France. In 2018, it had a population of 1,220.

Geography
The commune is situated  south of Pontarlier between the Lac de Remoray and Lac de Saint-Point. It is dominated by the Bois de Ban and the forests of Fuvelle and Grande Côte.

History
The commune was formed from two former communes Labergement-Sainte-Marie and Granges-Sainte-Marie in 1972. Both took their names from the Cistercian abbey of Mont-Sainte-Marie.

Inhabitants are called Abergeurs (masculine) et Abergeuses (feminine).

Demographics

Tourism
The rich natural resources of the commune attract many visitors to the lakes and forests. There are numerous hotels, hostels, and furnished apartments available for the visitor, as well as a campground.

Transportation
The commune has a railway station, , on the Dijon–Vallorbe line.

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Labergement-Sainte-Marie on the intercommunal Web site of the department 

Communes of Doubs
Barachevo () is a rural locality (a village) in Kubenskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 5 as of 2002.

Geography 
The distance to Vologda is 36.5 km, to Kubenskoye is 6.5 km. Khripelovo, Kryukovo, Khvastovo are the nearest rural localities.

References 

Rural localities in Vologodsky District
Hulsebos-Hesselman axial oil engines were five cylinder, four stroke, wobble plate engines that originated in and were used throughout the Netherlands during the late 1930s. Numerous patents can be found concerning this engine, all of which appear to attribute the engine's "wabbler" operating principles to the inventor Wichert Hulsebos.

Combustion system
This engine used the Hesselman engine low compression combustion system where oils of varying grades were sprayed into the cylinder during compression but ignition was initiated and assisted by a spark plug. Overhead inlet and exhaust valves, water cooling and a magneto for ignition were standard features.

Dimensions
The capacity of 4 litres was achieved with a bore of 95 mm and a stroke of 114 mm and it made use of a compression ratio of 6 to 1. Power output was said to be 70 bhp at 2400 rpm.

Wobble plate arrangement
The wobble plate arrangement cleverly employed a bevel gear set to prevent its rotation around the crankshaft. One bevel gear was fitted to the rear of the wobble plate itself and meshed with another which was fixed to the main body of the engine.

Production
They were manufactured by Hulsemo N.V., Casimirlaan 5, Arnhem, The Netherlands, and were exhibited in the Berlin and Amsterdam Shows during 1938.

References 

Diesel engines
Engine technology
"An End Has a Start" is the title track and second single from Editors' second album. The single was released on 3 September 2007 on CD, maxi-CD and 7" vinyl. The B-side "Open Up" first appeared on the Japanese edition of the album as a bonus track.

The song was used by the American Movie Channel as the backtrack in a montage style commercial, giving the track considerable exposure that it otherwise would not have received. It has also been covered by German folk metal band In Extremo on their 2008 album, Sängerkrieg.

The song reached #27 on the UK Singles Chart in September 2007.

Track listings
UK Digital download:

 "An End Has a Start" – 3:45
 "An End Has a Start" (Acoustic) – 4:00
 "An End Has a Start" (Live) – 3:51

CD1: SKCD95
 Card sleeve
 "An End Has a Start" – 3:45 
 "Open Up" – 3:40

CD2: SKCD952
Maxi Card sleeve
 "An End Has a Start" – 3:45
 "An End Has a Start" (Jacknife Lee Remix) – 5:24
 "An End Has a Start" (The Whip Remix) – 5:38
 "An End Has a Start" (Boom Bip Remix) – 5:04

7" vinyl: SKX95
 Clear vinyl
 "An End Has a Start" – 3:45
 "Open Up" – 3:40

European CD single: 449.3087.124 PIL 087 CDS
 Card sleeve
 "An End Has a Start" – 3:45
 "The Picture" – 3:50 
 "An End Has a Start" (Acoustic) – 4:00

European CD EP: 449.3087.021 PIL 087 CDS
 Slim Digipack
 "An End Has a Start" – 3:45
 "An Eye for an Eye" – 4:25 
 "The Picture" – 3:50 
 "Some Kind of Spark" – 4:26 
 "Open Up" – 3:40
 "An End Has a Start" (Acoustic) – 4:00

Promo CD1: SKCD95P
 Card sleeve
 "An End Has a Start" – 3:45
 "An End Has a Start" (Instrumental) – 3:44

Promo CD2: 
 Card sleeve / CD-R acetate
 "An End Has a Start" (The Whip Remix) – 5:38
 "An End Has a Start" (The Whip Remix Instrumental) – 5:38
 "An End Has a Start" (Boom Bip Remix) – 5:04
 "An End Has a Start" (Jacknife Lee Remix) – 5:24
 "An End Has a Start" (Jacknife Lee Remix Instrumental) – 5:24

FADER Promo: 
 "An End Has a Start" – 3:45

Music video
The music video for "An End Has a Start" was directed by Diane Martel. It features the band singing in a warehouse type building with models dressed in brightly coloured tights dancing around them.

Cover
German folk metal band In Extremo covered the song on their album Sängerkrieg (2008).

References

2007 singles
Editors (band) songs
Music videos directed by Diane Martel
Song recordings produced by Jacknife Lee
2006 songs
Epic Records singles
Songs written by Chris Urbanowicz
Songs written by Edward Lay
Songs written by Russell Leetch
Songs written by Tom Smith (musician)
Peter Fairclough (1893–1963) was an English professional footballer who played as a left half in the Football League for Tranmere Rovers and Manchester City.

Personal life 
Fairclough was the younger brother of footballer Albert Fairclough. He served in the First World War.

Career statistics

References 

1893 births
1963 deaths
Men's association football forwards
Men's association football wing halves
British military personnel of World War I
Cammell Laird 1907 F.C. players
Eccles United F.C. players
English Football League players
English men's footballers
Footballers from St Helens, Merseyside
Manchester City F.C. players
St Helens Town A.F.C. players
Tranmere Rovers F.C. players
Papaver alpinum, synonym Oreomecon alpina, the Alpine poppy or dwarf poppy, is a poppy found in the Alps. The circumscription of the species varies considerably. In some treatments, the species is one of a group of related species, and includes several subspecies, four of which are found in Austria. In other treatments, it includes species that have been treated as separate, and has at most one subspecies.

Description

The Alpine poppy is a short, upright, hairy perennial with odd-pinnate leaves. The flower grows to a height of 5 to 20 cm, with several upright and hairy stems.  As with all poppy species, a latex is produced. The feathery leaves are arranged in a ground hugging rosette.

The flowers are hermaphroditic and radially symmetric, with a diameter of up to 5 cm. The fragrant flowers do not have nectar, but produce pollen. The flowering period is from July to August.

All Alpine poppy subspecies have a strong taproot and make a good rockery plant. The root hairs are angled upwards, which helps secure the plant.

Subspecies

The Rhaetian Alps poppy (P. alpinum subsp. rhaeticum) has light yellow to orange petals and feathery foliage, and is found in the Central and Southern Alps. In Austria, it is scattered around Carinthia, Styria and Salzburg; in Switzerland, it has only been found in the Engadin.

The Salzburg Alpine poppy (P. alpinum subsp. sendtneri) also has pinnate deciduous leaves, with white flowers with a yellow heart. It grows only in the northern Alps and Northern Limestone Alps. It is found in moving limestone rubble, boulders, lime rock or dolomite.  It prefers a high altitude of 1300 to 2600m. Although the protected plant is rare, it is the most commonly found white flowering Alpine poppy. In Austria it is found in Tyrol, Vorarlberg, Upper Austria, Salzburg and Styria.

The Kerner-Alpine poppy (P. alpinum subsp. kerneri), or Karawanken Alpine poppy, has two to three times pinnate deciduous leaves and bright yellow flowers. It is found in the southeastern Limestone Alps, with a main distribution in the Slovenian Alps. In Austria it is only found in the southern Carinthia.

The Northeast Alpine poppy (P. alpinum subsp. alpinum, also known as P. burseri Crantz), or the Burser-Alpine poppy, has two to three times pinnate deciduous leaves with white flowers and is found in the northeastern Limestone Alps. In Austria it is found in Lower Austria, Upper Austria and Styria.

Other subspecies:

Chemistry 
The alkaloids amurensine and amurensinine can be found in P. alpinum.

References

Sources
 Xaver Finkenzeller:Alpine flowers, Munich 2003, 
 Fischer, MA, Adler, W. & K. Oswald:Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol,Linz, 2005, 
 Bittkau C, Kadereit JW. 2002. Phylogenetic and geographical relationships in Papaver alpinum L. (Papaveraceae) based on RAPD data. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 123: 463–479.

alpinum
Flora of the Alps
Flora of Austria
Flora of Switzerland
Alpine flora
~
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Milton Hay (July 3, 1817–September 16, 1893) was an American politician and lawyer.

Biography
Hay was born in Lexington, Kentucky. He moved with his family to Springfield, Illinois in 1832. He went to the public schools and was taught at home. Hay studied law at the law office of Abraham Lincoln and John T. Stuart in Springfield, Illinois. He was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1840 and practiced law in Pittsfield, Illinois until 1858. Hay then practiced law in Springfield, Illinois, with John M. Palmer and with Shelby Moore Cullom. Hay served in the Illinois Constitutional Convention of 1872 and was a Republican. He also served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1874 to 1876. He died at his home in Springfield, Illinois. His son Logan Hay also served in the Illinois General Assembly. Hay was the son-in-law of Stephen T. Logan.

Notes

External links

1817 births
1893 deaths
Politicians from Lexington, Kentucky
People from Pike County, Illinois
Politicians from Springfield, Illinois
Illinois lawyers
Republican Party members of the Illinois House of Representatives
Abraham Lincoln
Homokmégy () is a  village and municipality in Bács-Kiskun county, in the Southern Great Plain region of southern Hungary.

Village history

Őrjeg raised from a one-time branch of river Danube (Sár, Turján, Red marsh) as a boundary of eastern land created a closed area, which probably is the same as 'Big Island' written by Anonymous and stayed by princely dynasty.

Water-shaped characteristic of this area was considerably changed by protections against floods lasting since the beginning of the last century. Nowadays only geographical names of the village boundary remind us of the old water world. Mostly we can see tillages besides the peatery, meadows and pastures everywhere.

In 1877, Roman Catholic presbytery was founded, and its register of birth has been guided since 1877. In 1878, the new church was consecrated in honour of St. Adalbert.
In 1938, Gyula László excavated a cemetery from Avar age in Halom. The material of this excavation was preserved in the Hungarian National Museum. 
After 1945, the infrastructure of the village improved a lot (electricity, kindergarten, library, flats, artesian well, and groceries).
From 1954 till 1973, several folk music researchers and collectors visited the village.
In 1963, one of collection point of the Hungarian Ethnographical Atlas was Homokmégy.
In 1996, tombs from the 10th-11th century were dug beside the Alsómégy-Homokmégy dirt road. Őrjeg - with its peateries, pastures, grasslands almost on 1000 - was pronounced a nature conservation area in 1997.

The domestic industry of embroidery of this place is considerable; birthplace of famous egg-painter, embroiderer women, is Homokmégy. Recently, hunting tourism becomes more substantial in village life.

Geography
It covers an area of 70.33 km2 and has a population of 1544 people (2002).

Sister village
  Vărşag (Romania)

External links
 Homokmégy Portál
 English – Deutsch – Italiano – Français

Populated places in Bács-Kiskun County
The men's halfpipe competition of the Vancouver 2010 Olympics was held at Cypress Mountain on February 17, 2010.

Summary
In each round of competition, each competitor performed two rides through the halfpipe.  The highest-scoring run determined whether or not the competitor continued to the next round (or medaled, in the final round).  In each round (except for the first run of the qualifying round) the order of performance was based on the inverse order of scoring (i.e., the competitor with the lowest score went first and so forth with the highest-scoring competitor going last).

The first round was the qualifying round, with 40 snowboarders divided into two heats.  The top nine scorers from each heat advanced; the top three scorers went straight to the final round while the fourth- through ninth-place scorers went to a semifinal round.

The semifinal round consisted of twelve snowboarders. The top six from that group joined the six top scorers from the qualifying round for the finals.

In the final round, Shaun White had already wrapped up the gold medal performance with his first run (none of the other competitors' second-run scores exceeded White's 46.8 score), but performed his second run anyway, successfully completing a double McTwist 1260 and improving on his initial score.

It is currently the only Olympic halfpipe final to take place at night.

Results

Qualification

Semifinal

Final

External links
2010 Winter Olympics results: Men's Halfpipe (qual), from http://www.vancouver2010.com/; retrieved 2010-02-16.
2010 Winter Olympics results: Men's Halfpipe (semifinals), from http://www.vancouver2010.com/; retrieved 2010-02-16.
2010 Winter Olympics results: Men's Halfpipe (finals), from http://www.vancouver2010.com/; retrieved 2010-02-16.

Snowboarding at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Men's events at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Singapore participated at the 2018 Asian Para Games which was held in Jakarta, Indonesia from 6 to 13 October 2018.

The Singaporean delegation is composed of 44 athletes which participated in 10 out of 18 events in the games namely: Archery, Athletics, Badminton, Boccia, Bowling, cycling, Lawn bowls, Powerlifting, Shooting and swimming. Ali Daud serves as the head of the delegation

Medalists
The following Singaporean competitors won medals at the Games.

Medals by sport

Medals by day

See also
 Singapore at the 2018 Asian Games

References

External links
 Jakarta 2018

Nations at the 2018 Asian Para Games
2018 in Singaporean sport
Oskar Stein Bjørlykke (born 4 December 1939) is a Norwegian poet, novelist and children's writer.

He made his literary debut in 1966 with the poetry collection Deg høyrer dagen til. Among his novels are Reise til september from 1968 and Dropar from 2000.

Among his children's books are Kom til dammen! from 2003, which was awarded the Critics Prize for the year's best children's or youth's literature.

References

1939 births
Living people
20th-century Norwegian poets
Norwegian male poets
20th-century Norwegian novelists
21st-century Norwegian novelists
Norwegian children's writers
Norwegian male novelists
20th-century Norwegian male writers
21st-century Norwegian male writers
Nynorsk-language writers