Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Samuel Segal, Baron Segal, MRCS, LRCP, (2 April 1902 – 4 June 1985) was a British doctor and Labour Party politician who became Deputy Speaker of the House of Lords.

Early life 
Samuel Segal was the son of Moshe Zvi Segal and the elder brother of Judah Segal.  He was born at Oxford in April 1902 to a Jewish household, and moved to Newcastle upon Tyne in 1909 with his family. He was educated at the Royal Grammar School, Newcastle upon Tyne, Jesus College, Oxford (Exhibitioner; Honorary Fellow, 1966), and Westminster Hospital (Scholar).

Medical career
He was a casualty Surgeon at Westminster Hospital then a Senior Clinical Assistant at Great Ormond Street Hospital.  He served on several London County Council Hospital Committees.

Following the start of World War II, he joined RAFVR Medical Branch, October 1939.  He served in Aden 1940, Western Desert 1941, Syrian Campaign 1941.  He was attached to the Greek Air Force, 1941; Squadron Leader, 1942; Senior Medical Officer RAF Naval Co-operation Group in Mediterranean, 1942.  He was on the Headquarters Staff Middle East, 1943–44 and the Air Ministry Medical Staff, 1944–45.

He was a regional medical officer for the Ministry of Health, 1951–62.

Political career
After unsuccessfully fighting the Tynemouth seat at the 1935 general election, he was stood again unsuccessfully at the Birmingham Aston by-election in May 1939.  However, at the 1945 general election he was elected for Preston.

He advised Aneurin Bevan on the attitudes of medical practitioners to the creation of the National Health Service in 1948.  He spoke against Government policy in Palestine and in favour of the creation of Israel.

The Preston constituency was abolished for the 1950 general election, when Segal stood for the new Preston North seat, but lost by 938 votes to the Conservative candidate, Julian Amery.

On 18 December 1964, he was created a life peer as Baron Segal, of Wytham in the Royal County of Berkshire.  In the House of Lords he was Deputy Speaker and Deputy Chairman of Committees from 1973 to 1982.

Other posts
Lord Segal was chairman of the British Association for the Retarded, the National Society for Mentally Handicapped Children (now Mencap), the Anglo-Israel Association and the Anglo-Israel Archaeological Association.  He was a governor of Carmel College, and life governor of Manchester College.

Notes

References
 Who's Who
 

 Segal, Ben (1993) Sam: Lord Segal of Wytham, 1902-1985: a memoir.  (Privately published pamphlet.)

External links 
 

1902 births
1985 deaths
British Jews
Labour Party (UK) life peers 
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Jewish British politicians
UK MPs 1945–1950
UK MPs who were granted peerages
Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
People educated at the Royal Grammar School, Newcastle upon Tyne
National Health Service people
20th-century English medical doctors
Royal Air Force squadron leaders
Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War II
Royal Air Force Medical Service officers
Life peers created by Elizabeth II
Polatköy is a village in the Maden District of Elazığ Province in Turkey. Its population is 79 (2021).

References

Villages in Maden District
Pablo Lopez or López may refer to:

Sports
Pablo López (footballer, born 1982), Argentine footballer
Pablo López (footballer, born 1998), Mexican footballer
Pablo Sebastián López, Argentine political activist
Pablo López (baseball), Venezuelan baseball player

Fictional characters
Pablo Lopez, character in Mi calle
Pablo Lopez, character in La Casa de al Lado

Music
Pablo López (singer), Spanish singer
Spillers was a British company that owned flour mills.

Spillers may also refer to:

 Spillers Records, a shop in Cardiff, Wales
 Ashley Spillers (born 1986), an American actress
 Hortense Spillers (born 1942), an American literary critic
Burcht, occasionally "Burght" in old English texts, refers to a castle or fortress in Dutch and Flemish.

Burcht may also refer to:

Burcht, Antwerp, a village in the Flemish province of Antwerp, Belgium
Antwerpen Burcht, a fortress in Antwerp, Belgium, now known as Het Steen
Burcht van Leiden, an old fort in Leiden, Netherlands

See also
Burg (disambiguation)
List of castles in Belgium
List of castles in the Netherlands
Valkyrian or Valkyrians may refer to:

 SS Valkyrian, a Swedish ship
 Hollow (band), a Swedish heavy metal band originally known as Valkyrian
 The Valkyrians, a Finnish ska and rocksteady band
 Valkyrian, a Swedish-American magazine
 Valkyrian, D. H. Conley High School's yearbook
 Valkyrian, the racehorse Kindergarten's damsire
 Valkyrians, characters in the video game series Valkyria Chronicles
 Valkyrian Airways, in the book series Cairo Jim

See also 
 Valkyria (disambiguation)
 Valkyrien (disambiguation)
 Valkyrie (disambiguation)
Teratosphaeriaceae is a family of fungi in the order Mycosphaerellales.

History
In 2007, this family was recognized as distinct from the genus Mycosphaerella, where it had previously been located, based on phylogenies constructed with the Large Subunit (LSU) of ribosomal DNA. In general, many fungi in the Mycosphaerellaceae and Teratosphaeriaceae are thought to be widespread, yet there is still little known about their individual distributions or the range of hosts that they inhabit. After the family was formally split out from Mycosphaerella in 2007, many new species have been described in this family including a number of causal agents in leaf diseases and stem cankers of Eucalyptus in Uruguay and Australia.

Genera
As accepted by Wijayawardene et al. 2020 (with amount of species);

Acidiella  (3)
Acidomyces  (2) 
Acrodontium  (17)
Apenidiella  (1)
Araucasphaeria  (1)
Arboricolonus  (1)
Aulographina  (2)
Austroafricana  (3)
Austrostigmidium  (1)
Batcheloromyces  (5)
Baudoinia  (5)
Bryochiton  (5)
Caatingomyces  (1)
Camarosporula  (1)
Capnobotryella  (6)
Catenulostroma  (7)
Constantinomyces  (4)
Davisoniella  (1)
Devriesia  (11)
Elasticomyces  (1)
Eupenidiella  (1)
Euteratosphaeria  (1)
Friedmanniomyces  (2)
Haniomyces  (1)
Hispidoconidioma  (2)
Hortaea  (2)
Hyweljonesia  (2)
Incertomyces  (2)
Lapidomyces  (1)
Lawreya  (1)
Leptomelanconium  (7)
Meristemomyces  (2)
Microcyclospora  (5)
Monticola  (1)
Muriphila  (1)
Myrtapenidiella  (8)
Neocatenulostroma  (3)
Neophaeothecoidea  (1)
Neotrimmatostroma  (3)
Nothotrimmatostroma  (2)
Oleoguttula  (1)
Pachysacca  (3)
Palmeiromyces  (1)
Parapenidiella  (2)
Parateratosphaeria  (6)
Penidiella  (4)
Penidiellomyces  (2)
Penidiellopsis  (2)
Phaeothecoidea  (5)
Placocrea  (1)
Pseudotaeniolina  (2)
Pseudoteratosphaeria  (6)
Queenslandipenidiella  (1)
Readeriella  (ca. 23)
Recurvomyces  (1)
Simplicidiella  (1)

Stenella  (ca. 45)
Suberoteratosphaeria  (3)
Teratoramularia  (4)
Teratosphaeria  (58)
Teratosphaericola  (1)
Teratosphaeriopsis  (1)
Xanthoriicola  (1)

Habitat
This family of fungi is notable in that it contains a number of extremeotolerant, so-called black yeast fungi. A number of these black yeast fungi in the Teratosphaeriaceae are considered 'rock-inhabiting', and manage to survive on the often-harsh exposed surfaces of rocks in a range of extreme climates, including in Antarctica. While some of the members of this family live in harsh environments, including the newly described genus Acidiella that grows in highly acidic soils (pH < 3) in Europe, other closely related species are found as lichens or on plant surfaces. This family, for example, contains a number of previously recognized leaf spot pathogens and endophytes. Sequences from the plant pathogen Teratosphaeria microspora were even found in a high-throughput screen of fungal spores in indoor dust.

References

Dothideomycetes families
In Nazi Germany, the Aryan certificate/passport () was a document which certified that a person was a member of the presumed Aryan race. Beginning in April 1933, it was required from all employees and officials in the public sector, including education, according to the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service. It was also a primary requirement to become a Reich citizen for those who were of German or related blood (Aryan) and wanted to become Reich citizens after the Nuremberg Laws were passed in 1935. A "Swede or an Englishman, a Frenchman or Czech, a Pole or Italian" was considered to be related, that is, "Aryan".

There were two main types:
Kleiner Ariernachweis (Lesser Aryan certificate) was one of:
Seven birth or baptism certificates (or a combination of both) (the person, his parents and grandparents) and three marriage certificates (parents and grandparents) or certified proofs thereof:
Ahnenpaß (literally ancestor's passport)
Ahnentafel, a certified genealogy table
Großer Ariernachweis (Greater Aryan certificate) was required for compliance with the requirements of the Reichserbhofgesetz (land heritage law) and membership in the Nazi party. This certificate had to trace the family pedigree down to 1800 (to 1750 for SS officers). According to the especially strict regulation of this law which included the goal of "Preserving the Purity of German Blood," the only eligible were those who could prove (reaching back to January 1, 1800) that "none of their paternal nor their maternal ancestors had Jewish or colored blood".

Legal relevance today
Like other documents issued by public authorities at the time, the Aryan certificate was an official government document. As such, it still has evidentiary value in legal proceedings today, similar to how an expired East German passport can be used to support a claim of German citizenship.

See also
 Aryan clause
German Blood Certificate, for Mischlinge (people of mixed origin)
 Ahnenpass
Italian Fascism and racism 
Limpieza de sangre
 Nazi racial theories
 Nuremberg Laws
 Racial policy of Nazi Germany
 Bryan Mark Rigg

References

Nicholas John Fogg, 'German genealogy during the Nazi period (1933-1945)', in Genealogists' Magazine, vol. 30, no. 9 (London: March 2012) pages 347–362.

Nazi eugenics
Identity documents of Nazi Germany
Sowmya Reddy  is an Indian politician who is the current General Secretary of All India Mahila Congress of Karnataka and a member of the Indian National Congress. She was elected as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka from Jayanagar in 2018 before losing to C. K. Ramamurthy of Bharatiya Janata Party in 2023. Sowmya Reddy is the daughter of former Karnataka minister Ramalinga Reddy.

She is an environmentalist, who has campaigned against  the use of plastic as well as promoted the planting of trees to increase greenery in Bengaluru.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, she has conducted numerous campaigns for providing cooked meals and dry rations to the people in her constituency.

Reddy lost the state assembly election which was held in May 2023 in Karnataka by merely 16 votes which she alleges it was injustice done against her as this took place amidst high drama and recounting by the Election Commission.

References

Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka
Living people
Karnataka MLAs 2018–2023
Reddy, Sowmya

Indian activists
Michigan Islamic Academy (MIA) is a Kindergarten through grade 12 Islamic private day school in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The school was opened in 1985.

As of 2015 it had 213 students. 75 of them lived in Ann Arbor, 52 lived in Ypsilanti, 35 in Canton, 20 in the Dearborn area, four each in Jackson and Westland, three each in Dexter, Farmington, and South Lyon, two each in Plymouth and Superior Township (Washtenaw County), and one each in Brighton, Harper Woods, Northville, Saline, Southfield, and Whitmore.

See also
 Islam in Metro Detroit

References

External links
 Michigan Islamic Academy

Private K-12 schools in Michigan
Education in Ann Arbor, Michigan
High schools in Ann Arbor, Michigan
Islamic schools in Michigan
Educational institutions established in 1985
1985 establishments in Michigan
Voyager Terra is a region on the dwarf planet Pluto, north of Viking Terra and Tombaugh Regio and west of Pioneer Terra, which was discovered in July 2015 by the New Horizons spacecraft. It is named for the Voyager program and Voyager 2, the first spacecraft to explore Uranus and Neptune and to cross into interstellar space. On 7 September 2017, the name Voyager Terra was officially approved together with the names of Tombaugh Regio and twelve other nearby surface features.

References

Regions of Pluto
The New York and Greenwood Lake Railway  was a shortline railroad owned by James Wilson and based in Passaic, New Jersey. It operated primarily to service transfer station facilities for a few private companies, with a trans-load facility at its yard in Passaic. Cars ran on NYGL's trackage, the former Erie Railroad Dundee spur, to interchange with the Norfolk Southern Railway on New Jersey Transit's Bergen County Line in Garfield.

Former owner Conrail slated the Dundee spur to close in 1996, but customer Atlantic Coast Fibers protested. As a result, Conrail sold the line. The transfer facility also serviced Phill-Con Services' construction debris receiving facility. Phill-Con used the Greenwood shed as a waste transfer station for shipment to Alabama from May 2005 through early 2009. That station became unprofitable with the downturn in constructions and the opening of the nearby Kearny landfill in January 2009, undercutting Phill-Con's disposal fees by $20 per ton.

The shortline's name was taken from an earlier unrelated New York and Greenwood Lake Railway that merged into the Erie Railroad in 1943.

The NY&GL suspended operations in 2012, when its last customer ceased operations. The railroad had various equipment, including locomotives NYGL 1267(GP9) and 1268(GP7), as well as Erie 436(SW9), EL 3372(U34CH) and former-LIRR 616 Alco FA-1 stored in Passaic, NJ. In 2014, the 3372 was moved to Boonton, NJ for restoration by URHS, and the 436 has been moved to Ringoes, NJ for excursion service on the Black River and Western Railroad. They also have several passenger coaches and locomotives NYGL 935 and Erie 833 stored in Port Jervis, NY. The equipment stored in Port Jervis was slated to be used for a planned passenger excursion service along the scenic upper Delaware River, which failed to materialize. The passenger coaches have been heavily vandalized, but the 2 locomotives have stayed in relatively good shape. In 2014, the Erie 833 was cosmetically touched up, and moved to Spencer, North Carolina by Norfolk Southern, for the "Streamliners in Spencer" event, and then returned to Port Jervis shortly thereafter.

Decline and abandonment
On September 13, 2007, the property of the railroad was seized by the IRS for unpaid taxes, and sold for $565,000 to Passaic Street Properties, LLC, a non-carrier, who thereby acquired the rights to operate the line. On May 1, 2018, the company filed a Notice of Exemption to abandon the line and develop the property, including some portion of it as a city park. In addition to the exemption, the town of Garfield and Passaic cut the portion of the spur at the Dundee-Bergen line connection, making the line out of service and isolated from shipments during possible reactivation. On June 10, 2019, the railway formally petitioned for abandonment, citing negotiations with the future property owner, effectively permanently ending operation of the spur. All equipment was removed on February 28, 2020, and all cars and equipment were removed on October 26, 2020, marking the end of the New York and Greenwood Lake Railway.

References

External links
Google Maps image of Erie 833 and GLR 935

Defunct New Jersey railroads
This is a list of Spanish Academy Award winners and nominees. This list details the performances of filmmakers, actors, actresses and films that have either been submitted, nominated or have won an Academy Award. The people included are either from Spain or of Spanish descent.

Acting categories

Actor in a Leading Role

Actor in a Supporting Role

Actress in a Leading Role

Actress in a Supporting Role

Animated Feature

Cinematography

Costume Design

Director

Documentary Feature

International Feature Film

This list focuses on Spanish films that won or were nominated for the Best International Feature Film.

Makeup & Hairstyling

Music categories

Original Score

Production Design

Short-film categories

Animated Short Film

Note: At the 2013 Academy Awards edition, the Spanish-Luxembourgish director Alexandre Espigares won the Oscar for best animated short film for Mr. Hublot (co-directed with Laurent Witz).

Live Action Short Film

Visual Effects

Writing categories

Original Screenplay

Adapted Screenplay

Nominations and Winners

See also

 Cinema of Spain
 List of Spanish films

References

Lists of Academy Award winners and nominees by nationality or region
Academy Award winners and nominees
Cinema of Spain
Established in 1997, South Granville (or less commonly "Uptown") is an upscale Business Improvement Area (BIA) and neighbourhood south of Vancouver's downtown core, centred along Granville Street and bordered by the neighbourhoods of Kitsilano, Fairview and Shaughnessy.

Separated from Downtown by False Creek, the area runs along Granville Street from the south side of the Granville Street Bridge up to 16th Ave, where storefronts are replaced by the residences and hedges of Shaughnessy.

1907 has been decided as the unofficial birth year of the neighbourhood. In that year Richard Marpole drew up plans for Shaughnessy Heights, the Canadian Pacific Railway's newest subdivision south of 16th Ave, pitched as an alternative to the then-upscale West End ("Blueblood Alley"). This is now known as "First Shaughnessy", or simply Shaughnessy. That same year, what was once Centre Street was given its present name, Granville Street, as the portion north of the bridge already bore that name. In 2007, the South Granville BIA commemorated the neighbourhood's centennial by encasing a state-of-the-art, stainless steel time capsule in concrete and stone under the entrance of the historic Stanley Theatre.

As well as being a fast-growing neighbourhood of residences, shops and restaurants, South Granville is home to a vibrant arts and culture scene. The neighbourhood contains a strip, between Broadway and the foot of the Granville Bridge, known as "Gallery Row" which is home to a number of art galleries: Bau-Xi Gallery, Douglas Reynolds Gallery, Ian Tan Gallery, Petley Jones Gallery, Uno Langmann. The South Granville Gallery Association (SGGA) represents the leading fine art galleries on Gallery Row. Further south, the neighbourhood is home to the historic Stanley Theatre, built in 1931. Once a popular cinema in its early days, the Stanley Theatre is now the stage of the Arts Club Theatre Company and the Industrial Alliance Stage.

References

External links
Information on South Granville from the South Granville Business Improvement Association

Neighbourhoods in Vancouver
Takatoshi Iwamura (December 8, 1845 – January 4, 1906) was a Japanese politician who served as governor of Hiroshima Prefecture from May to July 1898. He was governor of Saga Prefecture (1874), Ehime Prefecture (1874–1880), Ishikawa Prefecture (1883–1890), Aichi Prefecture (1890–1892) and Fukuoka Prefecture (1895–1898).

1845 births
1906 deaths
Japanese Home Ministry government officials
Governors of Saga Prefecture
Governors of Ehime Prefecture
Governors of Ishikawa Prefecture
Governors of Aichi Prefecture
Governors of Fukuoka Prefecture
Governors of Hiroshima
Aristotle's catfish  (Silurus aristotelis) is a species of fish in the family Siluridae. It is endemic to Greece, where it occurs in the Acheloos River drainage.  Its natural habitat is freshwater lakes. It is threatened by habitat loss.  This species grows to a length of  TL and is of importance to local commercial fisheries. It is known from Lake Trichonida, Lake Lysimachia and Lake Amvrakia and introduced to Lake Volvi and Lake Ioannina in the 1980s thus exclusively lives in lakes. Threats may be water pollution and overfishing.

Its name derives from the fact that it was first described by Aristotle in his History of Animals.

References

Further reading
 Aristotle's catfish: explanation of its name

Silurus
Fish described in 1890
Catfish of Europe
Endemic fauna of Greece
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Subterranean Toledo is an underground city in Toledo, Spain made up of wells, caves, Roman, Arabic, and Jewish baths, as well as cemeteries.

Wells and Aljibes

There are many wells in Toledo, and aljibes are commonly found nearby wells, a Spanish word that originally came from the Arabic word for cistern.

Caves 
The best known cave in Toledo is the Cave of Hercules. There are several legends surrounding this cave, but the most recognized is the story of how Don Rodrigo in part caused the fall of Spain to the Moors by completing Hercules’ prophecy and opening the cave. Some private residences within the old town also have historic caves that are sometimes available to the public, and sometimes caves can be found beneath homes.

Baths 
 Another large part of the Toledo underground is the Roman, Arabic, and Judaic baths. Included on the list of known historic baths in Toledo are: the Baños del Ángel, the baños de Tenerías, the Baños del Caballel, and the Baños del Cenizal which are all Arabic baths one can visit. There is also the reconstructed Roman baths of the Plaza de Amador de los Ríos, and finally underneath a house in the Jewish Quarter there is thought to be a mikveh, for purification baths – for which naturally running water was needed.

Cemeteries 
The "cementerio general de la Vega Baja” was first built in part to accommodate for the massive increase in the death toll from cholera. The cemetery took in new graves from 1836 to 1893, at which time the families actually had to move deceased loved ones’ graves to the cemetery of Our Lady of the Sagrario, when the city announced they would be demolishing the deteriorating cemetery. There were also several smaller church and hospital-specific cemeteries around the city. Outside of the old Hospital de la Misericordia there was a cemetery that began as a burial place for all who died at the hospital, but when cholera hit, it quickly became a cemetery strictly for the nuns who lived and died there. Another hospital, the Hospital de Tavera, contains the crypt and marble sculpture of the Cardenal Tavera, who built the hospital. Another crypt exists in the Iglesia de San Roman, and within lies skeletons and even some well-remained mummies, and another mummy, that of King Sancho IV was found in 1947 in the Cathedral of Toledo. In 2008, a previously undiscovered Jewish cemetery was found during a routine archeological excavation that always takes place before new construction begins.

See also
Wells of Toledo

References

Toledo, Spain
Underground cities
University Heights Hospital was a proprietary hospital located in the 18th Electoral District (ED) of The Bronx. This private hospital served its local community for births  and deaths but was more limited in-between.

They were included in a study of patient racial composition published in 1984. The hospital closed, and the site was repurposed as a store.

References

  

Defunct hospitals in the Bronx
History of the Bronx