Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Technetium(IV) chloride is the inorganic compound with the formula TcCl4. It was discovered in 1957 as the first binary halide of technetium. It is the highest oxidation binary chloride of technetium that has been isolated as a solid. It is volatile at elevated temperatures and its volatility has been used for separating technetium from other metal chlorides. Colloidal solutions of technetium(IV) chloride are oxidized to form Tc(VII) ions when exposed to gamma rays.

Technetium tetrachloride can be synthesized from the reaction of Cl2 with technetium metal at elevated temperatures between 300 and 500 °C:

Tc + 2 Cl2 → TcCl4

Technetium tetrachloride has also been prepared from the reaction of technetium(VII) oxide with carbon tetrachloride in a sealed vessel at elevated temperature:

Tc2O7 + 7 CCl4 → 2 TcCl4 + 7 COCl2 + 3 Cl2

At 450 °C under vacuum, TcCl4 decomposes to TcCl3 and TcCl2.

As verified by X-ray crystallography, the compound is an inorganic polymer consisting of interconnected TcCl6 octahedra.

References

Technetium compounds
Chlorides
Metal halides
Lü Tiancheng (; 15801618) was a Chinese playwright and poet active during the late Ming dynasty.

Career
Lü is widely believed to be the author of the erotic novel Xiuta yeshi () or The Embroidered Couch, which he reportedly wrote as a teenager. According to his friend and a contemporary drama critic, Wang Jide (), Lü also wrote another romantic novel titled Xianqing biezhuan () "for fun". Having adapted several dramas including Romance of the Western Chamber and Story of a White Rabbit, Lü himself was also a drama critic. His seminal 1613 work Qu Pin () or Opera Studies comprises some ninety biographies of playwrights, alongside commentaries on notable plays from the Yuan dynasty to the Ming dynasty; according to the Historical Dictionary of Chinese Theater, Qu Pin is "one of the most influential books on the variety opera, the Southern opera, the legend, and the Kun opera."

References

Citations

Bibliography

 
 

1580 births
1618 deaths
16th-century Chinese poets
17th-century Chinese writers
Almond Castle is a ruined L-plan castle dating from the 15th century. It is located  west of Linlithgow, and north of the Union Canal, in Falkirk, Scotland. It was known as Haining Castle until the 17th century. The structure is unsound and is  protected as a scheduled monument.

History
The estate originally belonged to the Crawford family, and they built the castle in about 1470.  In about 1540 it passed by marriage to the Livingstones, who built an extension at the south west.  They also built an extension along the south east wall in 1586. When James Livingstone was created Baron Livingstone of Almond in 1633 the castle's name was changed to Almond from Haining.  After the Jacobite rising of 1715 the castle was forfeited to the crown by the Livingstone Earls of Callendar.  It was abandoned in the 1750s.
In 1783 the ruin was sold to William Forbes by the York Buildings Company.

Structure
The ruin has a vaulted basement.  The hall was on the first floor, while there is a kitchen in the wing.  There is a courtyard, with a wall and ditch, enclosing the remains of 16th-century buildings. The castle was four storeys and a garret high.  The entrance, on the long south east face, gave access to the first floor.

References

Castles in Falkirk (council area)
Scheduled Ancient Monuments in Falkirk
Ruined castles in Scotland
Clan Crawford
The United Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista de los Trabajadores Unificado, PSTU) is the Argentine section of the International Workers' League (Fourth International) (LIT), a Trotskyist-Morenoist grouping.

It was formed in 2011 by the fusion of the FOS and the COI, two groups associated with the LIT.

It is backing the Workers' Left Front.

References

report on formation
Communist parties in Argentina
International Workers League – Fourth International
Trotskyist organisations in Argentina
Elisabeth Burgos-Debray (born in Valencia, Venezuela, in 1941) is a Venezuelan anthropologist, former wife of the French philosopher Régis Debray, as well as the editor of Rigoberta Menchú's controversial autobiography I, Rigoberta Menchú. She was director of the Maison de l'Amerique Latine in Paris and of the Institut Cultural Français in Seville.

Rigoberta Menchú's book
Rigoberta Menchú told Burgos her life in a series of interviews. Menchu claims in the book that she couldn't read or write in Spanish very well. She also adds that her spoken Spanish was poor. For this reason, Burgos took on the role of assembling Menchu's testimony. Menchu's story speaks to her experience as an indigenous woman, as well as atrocities committed by the Guatemalan military.

Menchú's story is considered one of the major texts of Latin American testimonios (testimonies). In the U.S., the title of the narrative went by the name of I, Rigoberta Menchu, and in the original Spanish (Me llamo Rigoberta Menchú y así me nació la conciencia. In the text, Burgos also adds quotes from the Popol Vuh, the sacred book of the Mayans. Those epigraphs foreshadow the narrative of the testimonial of Menchu. The translation into English became an international phenomenon.

Menchú claims that following the text receiving the Casas de las Américas prize for best testimonial in 1983 that she did not receive any prize money and learned only then Burgos-Debray had registered copyrights in her own name. However, anthropologist David Stoll supports Burgos-Debray's contention that she paid all royalties to an organization identified by Menchú.

Personal life 
Burgos and Debray had a daughter, the writer Laurence Debray (born 1976).

Notes

Further reading
Beverley, John. Testimonio: On the Politics of Truth. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2004.

External links
The Elisabeth Burgos-Debray papers are available at Stanford University's Hoover Institution Archives.

1941 births
Living people
Venezuelan anthropologists
Venezuelan women anthropologists
was a Japanese politician. He was governor of Saitama Prefecture (1916-1919), Nagano Prefecture (1921-1922) and Kumamoto Prefecture (1922-1923).

Awards
1945 - Order of the Sacred Treasure

References

|-

|-

|-

|-

Governors of Saitama Prefecture
Governors of Nagano
Governors of Kumamoto Prefecture
Recipients of the Order of the Sacred Treasure
1878 births
1958 deaths
Ministers of Health and Welfare of Japan
Zaiyuan (16 October 1816 – 8 November 1861), formally known as Prince Yi, was a Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty. He was one of the eight regents appointed by the Xianfeng Emperor to assist his successor, the Tongzhi Emperor.

Life
Zaiyuan was born in the Aisin Gioro clan as a descendant of Yinxiang (1686–1730), the 13th son of the Kangxi Emperor. He inherited his ancestors' peerage, "Prince Yi of the First Rank", in 1852 during the reign of the Daoguang Emperor (r. 1820–50).

Zaiyuan took up important positions during the reign of the Xianfeng Emperor (r. 1850–61), including a minister in the Imperial Clan Court and an imperial guard commander. In 1860, during the Second Opium War, Zaiyuan and Muyin (穆蔭) travelled to Tongzhou to replace Guiliang (桂良) in the peace negotiations with the British and French. When the negotiations failed, the Mongol general Sengge Rinchen captured the British diplomats Harry Smith Parkes and Henry Loch, Thomas William Bowlby (a journalist for The Times), and their escorts. The majority of the group – except the two diplomats – died from torture or disease; the survivors were released later. The Anglo-French expeditionary force closed in on Beijing. On 18 October, in retaliation for the capture and deaths of the peace delegation, the British and French destroyed the Old Summer Palace (Yuanmingyuan). Zaiyuan had already fled with the Xianfeng Emperor to the Chengde Mountain Resort in Hebei. Prince Gong, who was ordered to remain behind to make peace with the invaders, successfully concluded the Convention of Beijing with the British, French and Russians.

Before the Xianfeng Emperor died in 1861, he appointed Zaiyuan, Sushun, Duanhua and five others as regents to assist his son, who succeeded him as the Tongzhi Emperor (r. 1861–75). Later that year, Prince Gong, with support from the Empress Dowagers Ci'an and Cixi, launched the Xinyou Coup and seized power from the eight regents. Zaiyuan was arrested, imprisoned, and given a piece of white silk cloth to commit suicide by hanging himself with the cloth. After Zaiyuan's death, the Prince Yi peerage was inherited by Zaidun (載敦), one of his distant relatives.

Family 
Primary Consort

 Primary Consort, of the Nara clan (嫡福晋那拉氏)
 Princess of the Thid Rank (郡主; b. 18 May 1838), first daughter
 married Boyanamohu of the Khorchin Borjigitn clan in 1852
 Second Daughter (19 July 1839 - 1840)
 Third Daughter (b.25 May 1843)
 married Darma of the Borjigin clan in 1863

Secondary Consort

 Secondary Consort, of the Fanggiya clan (侧福晋方佳氏)
 Fourth Daughter
 married Xilingga of the Ulanghai clan in 1867
 Fifth Daughter  (b.20 May 1853)
 Sixth Daughter (b.10 July 1854 )
 married Nolasang Wangbu of the Ulanghai clan in 1874

See also 
 Prince Yi (怡)
 Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty
 Ranks of imperial consorts in China#Qing

References

 

1861 deaths
1816 births
19th-century Chinese people
19th-century regents
Qing dynasty imperial princes
Prince Yi(怡)
Manchu politicians
Qing dynasty regents
Forced suicides of Chinese people
Suicides by hanging in China
Executed Qing dynasty people
People executed by the Qing dynasty
Suicides in the Qing dynasty
1860s suicides
Romanian railway services is an index page of all the rail services operated in Romania.
Railway services in Romania are operated by the following operators (see also rail transport operators in Romania):
Căile Ferate Române
Regiotrans
Regional (Via Terra Spedition)
Transferoviar Grup
Servtrans

Passenger services
CFR operates several different passenger services as compared to other private operators which only offer slow train and medium speed train operations (ex. Regiotrans, Regional). CFR had the following operating classes for passenger services until 11 December 2011, when the newly harmonised European classifications of trains came into order:
 EuroNight (EN) - numbered as IC trains from 500 to 599
 EuroCity (EC) - numbered as IC trains from 500 to 599
 InterCity (IC) - numbered from 500 to 599
 Rapid (R) - numbered from 200 to 499, from 600 to 999 and from 10000 to 14999
 Accelerat (A) - numbered from 1000 to 1999
 Personal (P) - numbered from 2000 to 9999
Post 11 December 2011, there are 3 main classes of trains with several technical variations in classification:
 Intercity (IC)
 Intercity Night
 EuroCity
 EuroCity Night
 InterRegio (IR)
 InterRegio Night
 Regio (R)
 Regio Express
 Regio Urban
 Regio Suburban

EuroCity (EC) and EuroNight (EN) are international trains which are usually run by CFR in partnership with another national carrier, depending on the origin and destination of the route.

Intercity services

Căile Ferate Române
Rail transport in Romania
Carleton Lyons "Bud" Erickson (January 10, 1916 – April 14, 2008) was an American football player.  He played professionally as a center in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins.  Erickson played college football at the University of Washington.

References

1916 births
2008 deaths
American football centers
Atlanta Falcons announcers
National Football League announcers
Washington Huskies football players
Washington Redskins players
Players of American football from Seattle
Aichmophobia () is a kind of specific phobia, the morbid fear of sharp things, such as triangles, stars, squares, pencils, needles, knives, darts, prickly plants (like thistles and similar weeds), cactus trees, pine needles, broken glass, broken porcelain, sharp pieces of wood, a pointing finger, hexagons, or even the sharp end of an umbrella and different sorts of protruding corners or sharp edges in furnitures and building constructions/materials. It is derived from the Greek aichmē (point) and phobos (fear). This fear may also be referred to as belonephobia or enetophobia.

Sometimes this general term is used to refer to what is more specifically called fear of needles, or needle phobia (trypanophobia). Fear of needles is the extreme and irrational fear of medical procedures involving injections or hypodermic needles.

Not to be confused with similar condition (Avoidance behavior) the Visual looming syndrome, where the patient does not fear sharp items, but feels pain or discomfort at gazing upon sharp objects nearby.

See also 
 Psychosocial treatment of needle phobia in children
 Visual looming syndrome

References 

Phobias
The Months is an Italian literary fairy tale written by Giambattista Basile in his 1634 work, the Pentamerone.

Synopsis

Cianne and Lise were brothers, and Cianne was rich and Lise poor.  Lise set out to wander the world.  He met with twelve youths, who welcomed him and asked him about the months.  Lise said they each had their place and purpose, and it was arrogant of people to want to rearrange them.  One told him that March, which was the month, was very burdensome; he answered that it advanced spring; the youth, who was the month of March, gave him a casket that granted wishes.  With it, he had an easy journey home and was prosperous.

His brother was jealous of him, and Lise told him of the inn and the twelve youths, but not how they had talked.  Cianne went there and received a whip.  When he tried to use it, it whipped him until his brother came and used the casket to stop it.  Then Lise shared his good fortune with Cianne.

Commentary
The tale follows a common pattern, of one sibling being polite to a powerful being and receiving gifts, of the second sibling being rude and receiving punishment, but in most such tales – "Diamonds and Toads", "Mother Hulda", "The Three Heads in the Well", "Father Frost", or "The Two Caskets" – the siblings are sisters or stepsisters in Aarne-Thompson type 480, The Kind and the Unkind Girls.

See also

The Twelve Months

External links
The Months

Months
Fictional duos
ATU 460-499
Trenear () is a hamlet in the parish of Wendron in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.

The name of the hamlet comes from the Cornish language words tre 'farm, settlement', an 'the', and yer 'chickens'.

References

Hamlets in Cornwall
Svend Hansen may refer to:
 Svend Helge Hansen, a Danish rower
 Svend Hansen (footballer, born 1905), a Danish footballer
 Svend Hansen (footballer, born 1906), a Danish footballer
 Svend Hansen (footballer, born 1922), a Danish footballer
The South Yorkshire Forest was a partnership initiative of the twelve Community Forests in England, started in 1991. The programme aimed to create attractive landscapes in the South Yorkshire area through improvement and regeneration of woodlands, wetlands, farmland, meadows, industrial sites and residential areas. Member organisations of the South Yorkshire Forest Partnership included the Forestry Commission, Natural England and the four local authorities of South Yorkshire: Sheffield City Council, Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council, Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council and Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council.

Between 2005 and 2015, the South Yorkshire Forest Partnership (SYFP) led a series of large and high profile projects with the support of the European Union, investing millions of pounds to improve South Yorkshire's environmental quality with local communities. SYFP was responsible for managing initiatives with partners in over 50 cities and regions, spanning North West Europe and the North Sea Region. These projects included:

 VALUE+ (VALUE-Added).
 SEEDS - Stimulating enterprising environments for development and sustainability (SEEDS).
 APACHES - Attractive Public Areas Cluster (APACHES).
 Valuing Attractive Landscapes in the Urban Economy (VALUE).
 MP4 - Making Places Profitable (MP4).
 Creating a Setting for Investment (CSI) (Creating a Setting for Investment).

It also hosted three major international conferences in Sheffield:
 SEEDS (2015) SEEDS Conference.
 Green Growth New Shoots (2012) Green Growth New Shoots Conference.
 Making Places Profitable (2006) Making Places Profitable Conference.

South Yorkshire Forest Partnership was closed in 2016. From its inception to its closure, SYFP planted over 1 million trees, and invested over £32 million in South Yorkshire.

See also
Community Forests in England

References

External links
South Yorkshire Forest homepage (archive copy)
Forestry Commission
Natural England
Sheffield City Council
Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council
Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council  
Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council

Forests and woodlands of South Yorkshire
Conservation in the United Kingdom
Viimsi Parish () is a rural municipality in Northern Estonia, located North-East and neighbouring the capital Tallinn. It occupies an area of  with a population of 20 580 (). The municipality contains the Viimsi Peninsula and several islands, including Naissaar, Prangli, and Aksi.

The mayor of Viimsi Parish is Illar Lemetti.

Divisions
There are two small boroughs () and 20 villages () in Viimsi Parish.

Small boroughs
Viimsi and Haabneeme.

Villages
Äigrumäe, Idaotsa, Kelnase, Kelvingi, Laiaküla, Leppneeme, Lõunaküla (Storbyn), Lubja, Lääneotsa, Metsakasti, Miiduranna, Muuga, Pringi, Pärnamäe, Püünsi, Randvere, Rohuneeme, Tagaküla (Bakbyn), Tammneeme, Väikeheinamaa (Lillängin).

Religion

International relations

Twin towns — Sister cities
Viimsi Parish is twinned with:
 Barleben, Germany
 Porvoo, Finland
 Ski Municipality, Norway
 Sulejówek, Poland
 Täby Municipality, Sweden
 Ramat Yishai, Israel

See also
Viimsi JK
Viimsi Stadium

References

External links
 

 
Municipalities of Estonia
Susan Mary Alsop (June 19, 1918 – August 18, 2004) was an American writer and socialite active in Washington, D.C., political circles. She was the wife of columnist Joseph Alsop and a descendant of founding father John Jay. Her Georgetown home hosted dignitaries and publishers during the 1960s and 1970s ranging from John F. Kennedy, Phil Graham, Katharine Graham, and Isaiah Berlin, earning her the nickname "the grand dame of Washington society."

Early life
Alsop was born Susan Mary Jay in Rome on June 19, 1918, to Susan Alexander McCook and U.S. diplomat Peter Augustus Jay, who served as U.S. General Consul to Egypt, U.S. Minister to El Salvador and Romania and U.S. Ambassador to Argentina. She had an older sister, Emily Kane Jay, who died young. Her paternal grandparents were Augustus Jay and Emily Astor (née Kane) Jay and her maternal grandfather was Civil War officer and prominent attorney John James McCook.

She attended Foxcroft School in Virginia and later took courses at Barnard College.

Career
In 1939, she began working at Vogue magazine as a receptionist, writer and model.

Alsop authored several books and dozens of magazine articles. In 1975, she published a collection of letters, To Marietta from Paris, followed by Lady Sackville: A Biography (1978), about the Lady Victoria Sackville-West. She chronicled notable American diplomats in Yankees at the Court: The First Americans in Paris (1982), and The Congress Dances: Vienna 1814–1815 (1984). She was a contributing editor to Architectural Digest, in which she published some 70 articles.

Personal life
In 1939, she married the diplomat William Samuel "Bill" Patten, and in 1945 helped him get a job with the American embassy in Paris. While in Paris, she began an affair with the British Ambassador Duff Cooper, 1st Viscount Norwich, that lasted until Cooper's death in 1954. She had a child with Cooper while still married to Patten. Her husband died in 1960, and the following year she married Joseph Alsop. Their marriage ended in divorce in 1978.

Alsop was on good terms with John F. Kennedy and his wife Jacqueline Kennedy: he visited her house on the day of his inauguration. She joined the White House Paintings Committee, and was influential enough to be termed the "Second Lady of Camelot".

Alsop died in Washington, D.C., on August 18, 2004. She was posthumously biographed by her son in his 2008 memoir My Three Fathers: And the Elegant Deceptions of My Mother, Susan Mary Alsop, and later by French former diplomat Caroline de Margerie in American Lady: The Life of Susan Mary Alsop (2012). Also in 2012 she was fictionalized in David Auburn's Broadway play The Columnist, based on Joseph Alsop's life, and portrayed by actress Margaret Colin.

References

External links

 

1918 births
2004 deaths
American socialites
People from Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)
20th-century American women writers
Writers from Washington, D.C.
Barnard College alumni
Jay family
Alsop family
Theres Obrecht (born 10 January 1944) is a Swiss alpine skier. She competed in three events at the 1964 Winter Olympics.

References

1944 births
Living people
Swiss female alpine skiers
Olympic alpine skiers for Switzerland
Alpine skiers at the 1964 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Bern
Skiers from the canton of Bern
FISU World University Games gold medalists for Switzerland
Universiade medalists in alpine skiing
Competitors at the 1966 Winter Universiade
20th-century Swiss women
Chrysostomos A. Sofianos ( 1939 – 27 February 2023) was a Greek Cypriot educator who became known because of his role in advocating and strategizing the educational reform of Cyprus in the 1980s from the post of the Minister of Education, and of a party leader.

Positions held
Chrysostomos A. Sofianos served in several teaching, administrative and political positions in Cyprus and in the United States, such as Teacher at all levels of primary and secondary education (1959–1961, 1966–1969), lecturer at the Paedagogical Academy of Cyprus (1969–1972), Research Associate at the Center for Human Resource Development of the Ohio State University (U.S.A), (1973–1975), Assistant Professor of Education at Elmira College (U.S.A), (1975–1976), Minister of Education of Cyprus (1976–1980), Director General of C + M University Preparatory Center (1984–1986). His broad teaching experience included courses in Philology, Greek Language, Philosophy, History, Theory and Philosophy of Education, Sociology and Latin.

Political and social life
Sofianos was founder and President of the political party PAME (; Pancyprian Front for Renewal; discontinued), (1980–1983), Founder and Member of Cyprus Neuroscience and Technology Institute, Chief Editor of the weekly newspaper “Kypriaki”, (1982–1983), Director of the Government Printing Office (1986–1993), Director of the Presidential Palace, (1993–1995) and Secretary of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Cyprus (1995–2003).

Educational reforms
Sofianos has initiated far-reaching educational reforms during his term as Minister of Education. He was the first minister of education who dared to upgrade the status of the Cypriot dialect in education and thus promote the Cypriot identity.

References

External links
Sofianos page at Center of Applied Research and Technology

1939 births
2023 deaths
20th-century Cypriot politicians
Cyprus Ministers of Education and Culture
Greek Cypriot people
Cypriot schoolteachers
Elmira College faculty
20th-century Cypriot educators
Cypriot expatriates in the United States
Political party founders
Newspaper editors
Leaders of political parties in Cyprus
Paxton Airport (FAA LID: 1C1) is a public use airport located 2 miles southwest of Paxton, Illinois, United States. The airport is publicly owned by the City of Paxton.

The airport has one runway, 18/36, which is 3,409 x 50 ft (1,039 x 15 m) and is paved with asphalt. There is a city-owned fixed-base operator on the airport offering fuel.

For the 12-month period ending July 31, 2022, the airport had 77 aircraft operations per week, or about 4,000 per year. This includes 95% general aviation and 5% air taxi. For the same time period, there were 17 aircraft based on the field: 11 single-engine airplanes and six ultralights.

The airport is a significant hub for agricultural aviation, and most of its traffic is from air tractors. Along with nearby Tuscola Airport, Paxton has seen significant improvements, such as funding for the paving of its runway, in support of the aerial application business since 2020.

References 

Airports in Illinois