Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
This article explains the transcription of the Japanese language in the Esperanto alphabet. Esperantists often use non-Esperanto transcriptions, such as Hepburn and Kunrei. However, the need for a transcription in the Esperanto alphabet is essential for non-Japanese speaking Esperantists to be able to pronounce words.

Summary 
There are two well-known transcription systems of Japanese in Latin alphabet: Hepburn and Kunrei. However, there is no official Esperanto transcription for Japanese. This page presents one of the unofficial methods of transcription.

Transcription 
Most books on Esperanto published in Japan provide tables for transcription. In 2012, a book by Kenichi Fujimaki, called Marugoto-esuperanto-bunpō-kaichōban まるごとエスペラント文法 改訂版 (lit. Revised Esperanto Grammar). explains one way of transcription, however, as far as 1923, Yoshimi Ishiguro writes his Shotō esuperanto kyōkasho 初等エスペラント教科書 (lit. Beginning Esperanto Textbook), explaining a transcription, however the remaining digital copies of his works are barely readable, so they are not included in this article.

Double consonant 
The symbol "っ" / "ッ" (small "つ" [tsu]) is not actually transcribed, but instead, indicated by doubling the following consonant. Example: Sapporo (さっぽろ).

According to Hepburn:
c → tc (ts → tts)
ĉ → tĉ (ch → tch)
ŝ → sŝ (sh → ssh)

According to Kunrei:
c → cc (t → tt)
ĉ → ĉĉ (ty → tty)
ŝ → ŝŝ (sy → ssy)

Long vowels 
These are various methods of transcribing the word とうきょう (Tokyo)
 Tōkjō : Indicated by a macron.
 Tokjo : No indication.
 Tôkjô : Indicated by a Circumflex.
 Toukjou or Toŭkjoŭ: Indicated by the use of an ou for a long o sound, and a ŭ for a long u sound.
 Tookjoo: Indicated by doubling the vowels.

Diphthongs 
The Japanese vowel i is changed to j and the vowel u is changed to ŭ for Esperanto transcription.
 ai → aj
 ei → ej
 oi → oj
 ui → uj
 au → aŭ
 eu → eŭ
 ou → oŭ
 ue → ŭe

Consonants 
If there is a じ (ji) before an ん (n) in a word, you must write it as ĝi. Otherwise, you can use either ĵi or ĝi.
 "Ĝiŝin" (じしん, earthquakes)
 "Buridĝi" (ブリッジ, Contract bridge)
 "Kanĝi" (かんじ, kanji)
 "Fuĵi-san" (ふじさん, Fuji, Note: さん is a separate word, so you can use a ĵ)
When the syllable ず/づ is used at the beginning of a word, it is mostly transcribed as dzu, directly from Hepburn; but if the syllable is anywhere else in the word, it is mostly transcribed as zu.
 Kazu (かず, number)
 Manazuru (まなづる)
 Dzuke (づけ)
 Dzumen (ずめん, drawing)

Voiceless vowels 
Generally, some vowels may not be said at all. This is very common in everyday speech in Japanese
 Shita → Ŝta (した)
 Desu　→ Des (です)

Red letters indicate Kana no longer used in modern Japanese.

See also 
Esperantigo de vortoj el japana fonto
Romanization of Japanese
Hepburn romanization
Kunrei-shiki romanization

External links 
Baza Esperanto-lekciono por (japanaj) retmarŝantoj
Konsiloj por transskribado el la japana al Esperanto

References



Romanization of Japanese
Esperanto
A pickup rider is a person on horseback who works at a rodeo in the rough stock competitions of bull riding, saddle bronc and bareback riding.  Pickup riders play an important role in assisting rodeo riders and increasing the safety of competitors.

Usually working in teams of two, the most important job of a pickup rider is to help the competitor at the end of his/her ride by riding next to the bucking horse, allowing the competitor to safely get off of the bucking animal, usually by grabbing the pickup rider or the pickup rider providing stability while the competitor jumps or swings free. If a competitor becomes tangled or caught up in the equipment, a pickup rider may assist the competitor in getting free.  If a competitor falls off, the pickup rider may help herd the animal away from the fallen rider.

The general pattern is for one pickup rider to take charge of helping the competitor while the other stays near the horse to remove the flank strap from the bucking animal and herd it out of the arena.  If necessary, pickup riders can rope the animal and lead it out if the animal is reluctant to leave the arena.

In the case of bull riding, the competitors are primarily assisted by the rodeo clown who helps protect the rider from the bull.  However, in rodeos in the United States and Canada, riders on horseback are still present; once the competitor has gotten off the bull, voluntarily or otherwise, the pickup riders may haze the bull from the arena, lassoing it if needed, working with the bullfighters to keep the animal from hurting people on the ground.

References

See also
Stock contractor

Saddle bronc riders
Bareback bronc riders
The Djankun are an Aboriginal Australian people of Far North Queensland.

Country
According to Norman Tindale, the Djankun had  of tribal territory in what is now the state of Queensland. The northern limits were around Mount Mulligan and Thornborough, while to the south, they ran to Almaden. Their western frontier was around Mungana while the eastern extension ran to Dimbulah near the headwaters of the Walsh River.

Alternative names
 Ngaikungu.
 Dyangun.
 Chungki.
 Dyangunbari.
 Djandnandi.
 Chunkunburra.
 Chunkunberry, Changunberries.
 Shanganburra.
 Kokotjangun. (Kuku Yalanji exonym)
 Kokomutju.  (northern tribal exonym)
 Mutju.
 Ngaikungo, Ngaikungo-i.

Notes

Citations

Sources

Aboriginal peoples of Queensland
Stade de France is a stadium in Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, Ile-de-France, France

Stade de France may also refer to:
 Gare de La Plaine-Stade de France, a rail station on the RER B rail line, in Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, Ile-de-France, France
 Stade de France – Saint-Denis (Paris RER), a rail station on the RER D rail line, in Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, Ile-de-France, France
 Stade de France (DVD), a concert DVD filmed at the Stade de France from the N°5 on Tour of Mylène Farmer
 Stade de France suicide bombings, a series of bombings by Da'esh, occurring on Friday 13 November 2015, part of the November 2015 Paris attacks

See also
 France (disambiguation)
 Stade Français
 :Category:Sports venues in France
Morris Jones may refer to:

Morris Jones (television journalist), American television journalist
Morris Jones (footballer) (1919–1993), English footballer

See also
Henry Morris-Jones (1884–1972), Welsh doctor, soldier, politician
John Morris-Jones (1864–1929), Welsh grammarian, academic and Welsh-language poet
Maurice Jones (disambiguation)
Neverwas is the second novel in the Amber House Trilogy by American author Kelly Moore and her daughters Tucker Reed and Larkin Reed.  The book follows narrator Sarah Parsons, who discovers she has altered the course of history through the use of a psychic ability that has been passed down through the women living at the family's ancestral estate outside of Annapolis, Maryland.

Neverwas is a young adult paranormal mystery novel set in a dystopian alternate history. The books setting is in a mid-twentieth century United States with an undefeated Confederacy to examine issues such as racism, sexism, and xenophobia.

Plot summary
Picking up three months after Amber House left off, Sarah and her family relocate from the Pacific Northwestern nation of Astoria to live at Amber House with her aunt Maggie.  Unbeknownst to Sarah, her actions at the end of Amber House propelled her and her loved ones into an alternate reality:  North America is a collection of separate nations — including the American Confederation of States, which still struggles with segregation and sexism — and Nazis control all of Europe.

With little recollection of what happened in Amber House, Sarah must rediscover her psychometric ability (which was suppressed in this timeline by her grandmother Ida and mother Anne after use of the "family gift" nearly killed Maggie) and track down "echoes" of the past that will help her remember the way things used to be.  Sarah is once again thrown together with Richard Hathaway, whose senator father is about to run for the Presidency, but finds she inexplicably yearns for Jackson Harris, little knowing how close the two grew in the time before.

Sarah learns she is distantly related to both Jackson and Richard; all share Captain Joseph Foster as a common ancestor from the 1700s.  A smuggler and slave owner, Foster married Sarah's ancestress Deirdre Dobson after the death of his first wife, Lydia, who died during the birth of Foster's oldest daughter, Camilla.  It is from Camilla that Richard is descended, from an illegitimate daughter fathered by Foster and the slave Nyangu that Jackson is descended, and from Foster and Dobson's daughter Sarah-Louise that Sarah is descended.  With the help of Jackson's precognition, Sarah realizes that a mysterious artifact that belonged to the Captain and that was passed down through the generations to Richard's mother Claire Hathaway may prove vital to pinpointing how time went wrong.  Sarah and Jackson ultimately attempt to reset the universe once again in a high-stakes heist in New York City.

Publication and reception
Kirkus was the first to review the second novel in the trilogy; deeming it "a stark departure" from the Gothic tone of the preceding novel, Kirkus nevertheless found the "authors' vision of this alternate, broken United States" to be "inconceivably frightening" and stated Neverwas is "a wild ride that leaves its readers breathless for the final installment."

References

Contemporary fantasy novels
Dystopian novels
Fantasy novel trilogies
Horror novel series
Novels about time travel
Young adult novel series
2014 American novels
Arthur A. Levine Books books
Outcasts of the City is a 1958 American drama film directed by Boris Petroff and written by Stephen Longstreet. The film stars Osa Massen, Robert Hutton, Maria Palmer, Nestor Paiva, John Hamilton and George N. Neise. The film was released on January 10, 1958 by Republic Pictures.

Plot

Leda Mueller seeks refuge in the United States, claiming to be the wife of Jerry Seabrook, a missing World War II combat pilot. A sympathetic colonel requires proof, whereupon a priest vouches for Leda's marriage and also tells the colonel she is expecting a baby.

The colonel has knowledge that Jerry is alive, so Leda explains how they Jerry. A crash landing led to his taking refuge in an empty apartment that turned out to be hers. His co-pilot Biff is seriously injured, and by the time Leda can help find him, he is dead.

Hans Welton, a German jealous over Leda's interest in the American pilot, takes up with her best friend Helena and recruits her to find out anything she can about Jerry's wartime activities. As intrigue builds, it turns out that Jerry is being court-martialed and charged with the murder of Hans. In a courtroom, the circumstances of the German's death are explained, and Jerry then rushes to the side of Leda, who has given birth prematurely and near death.

Cast
Osa Massen as Leda Mueller
Robert Hutton as Lt. Gerald Seabrook
Maria Palmer as Helena Schiller
Nestor Paiva as Pastor Skira
John Hamilton as Colonel
George N. Neise as Hans Welton
Leon Tyler as Biff
Larry J. Blake as Hecker
Norbert Schiller as Doctor
Michael Dale as Sgt. Hammond
George Sanders as G.I. Announcer
John Close as Army Officer
John Clark as Army Officer
John Harding as Army Officer
James Wilson as Army Officer

See also
 List of American films of 1958

References

External links
 

1958 films
Republic Pictures films
1958 romantic drama films
American romantic drama films
Films scored by Harry Sukman
1950s English-language films
1950s American films
Microbacterium oleivorans is a Gram-positive and crude-oil-degrading bacterium from the genus Microbacterium which has been isolated from an oil storage cavern in Germany.

References

Further reading

External links
Type strain of Microbacterium oleivorans at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase	

Bacteria described in 2005
oleivorans
Wooded meadows (also named wood-meadows, park meadows, etc.) are ecosystems in temperate forest regions. They are sparse natural stands with a regularly mowned herbaceous layer.

While frequent throughout Europe during the Medieval period and before, wooded meadows have largely disappeared. Wooded meadows originated with the practices of hunter-gatherer communities. They were important in terms of social organization around a natural resource and determined much of the community's interactions with the natural world. In the early 20th century, wooded meadows were used for fruit cultivation in Sweden; however, their prevalence has decreased substantially due to changes in land management and a movement toward more intensive types of agroecosystems. The more typical, calcicolous wooded meadows are common around the Baltic Sea.

Wooded meadows have high species richness. In some of the current Estonian wooded meadows, world-record species densities have been recorded (up to 76 species of vascular plants per square meter).

Literature
Kull, Kalevi; Kukk, Toomas; Lotman, Aleksei 2003. When culture supports biodiversity: The case of wooded meadow. In: Roepstorff, Andreas; Bubandt, Nils; Kull, Kalevi (eds.) 2003. Imagining Nature: Practices of Cosmology and Identity. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, 76–96. (pdf)

References

External links
On wooded meadows at the Estonian Seminatural Community Conservation Association site

Ecology
Grasslands
Habitats
Land management
Meadows
Herbert Cox may refer to:
 Sir Herbert Vaughan Cox (1860–1923), Indian Army general
 Sir Herbert Cox (judge) (1893–1973), British barrister and colonial judge
 Herb Cox (born 1950/51), Canadian politician
Boris Georgievich Kuznetsov (), 23 February 1947 – 3 May 2006) was a Russian featherweight boxer. He won a gold medal at the 1972 Olympics and a silver medal at the 1974 World Championships. Domestically he won the Soviet featherweight title in 1972 and 1974 and placed second in 1970 and 1971. During his career he won 237 fights out of 249. He became the Honoured Master of Sports of the USSR in 1972 and was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor in the same year. He graduated from Astrakhan State Pedagogical Institute in 1971 and later opened a boxing school in Astrakhan.

References

1947 births
2006 deaths
Soviet male boxers
Olympic boxers for the Soviet Union
Sportspeople from Astrakhan
Boxers at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for the Soviet Union
Honoured Masters of Sport of the USSR
Olympic medalists in boxing
Russian male boxers
AIBA World Boxing Championships medalists
Medalists at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Featherweight boxers
Sarvan (or Sarvak, Sarvaksoi and Sarvaki-bolo) is a Tajik enclave of the Sughd Region surrounded by Uzbekistan. It is located in the Fergana region where Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan meet. Sarvan is located 1.4 km from the Tajik-Uzbek border. Sarvan covers a valley with an area of about 8 km² and has a population of around 150 people. The principal economic activity is agriculture.

History and territorial conflicts

Due to inherent territorial restrictions, violent conflicts over land ownership, access to pasture, and shared water resources have become more common, as logistical complications within this densely populated and impoverished region have also given rise to economic concern.

The Uzbek-Tajik border near Sarvan was closed in 2004 following terrorist attacks in Tashkent.

References

See also
Vorukh, a Tajikistan exclave in Kyrgyzstan
Kayragach, a Tajikistan exclave in Kyrgyzstan
Shohimardon, an Uzbekistan exclave in Kyrgyzstan
Sokh, an Uzbekistan exclave in Kyrgyzstan

Enclaves and exclaves
Populated places in Sughd Region
Łodzia (obsolete Polish for "boat") is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by many noble families of the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.  A variant serves as the coat of arms of the city of Łódź (the city's name literally means "Boat"). It's a classic example of the so-called canting arms well known in European heraldry as it was borne by the medieval lords de Łodzia (a feudal lordship) and their clan.  Hence the boat in the shield, clearly alluding to the estate's name literally meaning Boat. Coats of Arms in the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth were a symbol of a heraldic clan.

History

Łodzia is one of the oldest Polish coats of arms.  Its earliest appearance (1303) is on a seal belonging to Wojciech of Krośno, Palatine of Kalisz. The first blazon description dates from 1411.

The first Łodzia coat of arms featured a golden letter M on the shield, and a boat in the crest. That version was used by Mikołaj of Łodzia in 1301.  By 1315, however, all the bearers of the coat of arms had adopted the version used by Wojciech of Krośno. Initially the coat of arms had a checkerboard background, which by 1382 had been supplanted by a plain red field.

Until the 16th century, variously shaped boats were depicted.  After the publication of Bartosz Paprocki's Herby rycerstwa polskiego (The Coats-of-Arms of Polish Chivalry, 1584), most authors adopted the present version. Paprocki was also the first to mention the crest as comprising peacock feathers with boat superimposed.

The Łodzia coat of arms was used by over 150 families, mostly around Kalisz, Poznań and Sieradz. After the Union of Horodło, it was also adopted by several Lithuanian families.

Blazon
Gules, a rudderless and mastless boat Or.

Notable bearers
Notable members of the clan and bearers of this coat of arms include:
House of Czarniecki
Stefan Czarniecki (consort Sofia Kobierzycka)
House of Opaliński
Andrzej Opaliński (1540–1593), Great Crown Marshal
Andrzej Opaliński (1575–1623), Bishop of Poznań
Łukasz de Bnin Opaliński, Castellan of Poznań
Łukasz de Bnin Opaliński, poet, Court Marshal of the Crown
House of Kurnatowski
Zygmunt Łodzia Kurnatowski
Łukasz Górka z Górki h. Łodzia, [[komornik [cen] dwór królewski (1433), podczaszy [poz] Poznań (1438), starosta generalny [poz] Wielkopolska, starosta [poz] Kościan (1441), starosta [str] pobiedziskie, wojewoda [poz] Poznań (1441-1475)]]

Gallery

External links 
  Lodzia Coat of Arms and the bearers.

See also
 Polish heraldry
 Heraldic family
 List of Polish nobility coats of arms

Bibliography
 Kasper Niesiecki: Herbarz Polski (Polish Armorial), Lwów, 1738
 Tadeusz Gajl: Herbarz polski od średniowiecza do XX wieku : ponad 4500 herbów szlacheckich 37 tysięcy nazwisk 55 tysięcy rodów. L&L, 2007. .

Polish coats of arms
Germana Marucelli (13 October 1905 - 23 February 1983) was an Italian fashion designer.

Life and career 
Born in Settignano, Florence into a family of craftsmen, after the primary school  at 11 years old Marucelli started working as an apprentice in her uncle's atelier, Chiostri. In 1925 she left Chiostri to work in another Florentine atelier, and in 1932 she was appointed director of  Gastaldi tailoring in Genoa.

In 1938 Marucelli moved to Milan, where in via Borgospesso she opened her first atelier. During the war she was forced to abandon the atelier and to move in Stresa, guest of her friend and loyal customer  Flora d’Elys. During the war years she conceived a new type of fashion, characterized by hourglass silhouettes, thus anticipating the New Look by Christian Dior. After the war, she came back to Milan and created the  "Giovedì di Germana Marucelli" (i.e. "Thursdays by Germana Marucelli"), a series of Thursday cultural meetings which involved authors and artists.

In 1948 Marucelli collaborated with the painter and set designer Piero Zuffi for a collection inspired by surrealism, and the same year she was appointed  production and advertising consultant of the textile company SNIA Viscosa. Thanks to this position she was then able to take over the Ventura atelier in Corso Venezia, where she opened her new atelier and workshop. In 1950, she founded and financed a poetry prize, the Premio San Babila.

In 1952, together with other designers such as Vincenzo Ferdinandi, Roberto Capucci the Sartoria Antonelli, the Atelier Carosa, Giovannelli-Sciarra, Polinober, the Sartoria Vanna, Jole Veneziani and sixteen sportswear companies and boutiques at the first historic show at the Sala Bianca of Palazzo Pitti in Florence. A very young Oriana Fallaci, sent by the weekly Epoca, told the news.

Between 1950s and 1960s Marucelli established herself as one of the most important Italian fashion designers, with a style often inspired by classical and avant-garde figurative arts, such as the 1954 collection "fraticello" (i.e. "little friar"),  inspired by the fifteenth century Tuscan painters, or the 1960 line "vescovi" (i.e. "bishops"), inspired by the sculptures of Giacomo Manzù. Other successful collections include the 1957 youthful line "Pannocchia", the 1963 transgressive line "Scollo a tuffo", and the  1965 line "Optical", she designed together with the  kinetic artist Getulio Alviani.

In 1972 Marucelli made her last collection, then she semi-retired, continuing to dress only a limited circle of loyal customers, and opening a sewing school, restricted to her grandchildren and a few friends.

References 

1905 births
1983 deaths
People from the Province of Florence
Italian fashion designers
Fashion designers from Florence
Italian women fashion designers
Fashion designers from Milan
"About You" is a song recorded by Canadian country music artist MacKenzie Porter. The track was co-written by Michael Hardy, Sarah Buxton and Corey Crowder, with Cameron Montgomery, who co-produced it with Joey Moi and Dave Cohen. The song became the lead single off Porter's EP Drinkin' Songs: The Collection.

Critical reception
Kerry Doole of FYI Music News stated: "On this track, Porter displays a supple and convincing vocal style, while the lyrical content is subtly subversive". Top Country named the song "Pick of the Week" for April 16, 2019, saying "each listen feels like the first. Every time you hit repeat, there’s another layer of the song to discover. Perhaps it’s the subtle, yet clever, juxtaposition between the production and the story. One moment you’re swaying along and then the next, a heartbreaking lyric stops you in your tracks".

Commercial performance
"About You" reached a peak of #1 on the Billboard Canada Country chart dated May 25, 2019, becoming Porter's first number one. This made Porter the first female artist signed to an independent label to top the Canada Country chart in its 25 years of existence.

Music video
The official music video for "About You" premiered on ET Canada on March 8, 2019, and was directed by Justin Clough. Porter said: "The video for ‘About You’ came together exactly how I envisioned it — a little edgy and a little dark. Telling the story of love that is so passionate, yet so toxic". The video stars Porter and her real-life partner (and future husband) Jake Etheridge.

Charts

References

2018 songs
2018 singles
Big Loud singles
MacKenzie Porter songs
Songs written by Hardy (singer)
Songs written by Sarah Buxton
Song recordings produced by Joey Moi
Songs written by Corey Crowder (songwriter)