Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Hedvig Karolina Lovisa Santesson (née Lovén) was a Swedish botanist who made significant contributions to the field of plant respiration in the late 19th century.

Early life 
Born on December 13, 1867, in Stockholm, Sweden, she was the daughter of , a Swedish physician and politician, and Elisabeth Johanna Emilia (née von Julin), who hailed from Finland.

Scientific work 
Lovén pursued her education at a type of Scandinavian college known as Hogskola, where she developed a keen interest in botany.

Between 1888 and 1892, Hedvig Lovén published three academic papers on botany and conducted extensive research on plant respiration studies. Her papers explored various aspects of plant respiration, shedding light on the mechanisms by which plants and algae exchange gases and obtain energy through metabolic processes. Her work contributed to the understanding of plant physiology and the role of respiration in plant growth and development.

Specifically, Lovén's paper on evergreen plants belonging to the genus Dracaena and Yucca played a pivotal role in resolving a controversial debate between two prominent botanists, Gustav (Heinrich) Krabbe and Leopold Kny, in the late 1800s. Her work provided independent evidence regarding the nature of water-conducting elements in the secondary wood of Dracaena and other monocotyledons that share a similar mode of growth. Lovén's findings shed light on the mechanisms of cell fusion and growth in these plants, offering valuable insights into the field of plant biology.

Personal life 
In 1892, Hedvig Lovén married Carl Gustav Santesson, a professor of medicine and pharmacology at the Karolinska Institute. Together, they had four children: Carl Gustaf Christian Santesson, Maja Johanna Vilhelmina Santesson, Anna Lisa Augusta Santesson, and Lars Johan Henrik Santesson. 

Hedvig Lovén died on October 26, 1943, at the age of 75.

References 

1867 births
1943 deaths
Swedish women botanists
Scientists from Stockholm
19th-century Swedish botanists
19th-century Swedish women scientists
Swedish people of Finnish descent
Plant physiologists
Heterocampinae is a subfamily of prominent moths in the family Notodontidae. There are at least 60 described species of Heterocampinae in North America.

Genera
 Afilia Schaus, 1901
 Disphragis Hübner, 1820
 Euhyparpax Beutenmüller, 1893
 Heterocampa Doubleday, 1841
 Hyparpax Hübner, 1825
 Litodonta Harvey, 1876
 Lochmaeus Doubleday, 1841
 Macrurocampa Dyar, 1893
 Misogada Walker, 1865
 Oligocentria Herrich-Schäffer, 1855
 Praeschausia Benjamin, 1932
 Pseudhapigia Schaus, 1901
 Rifargia Walker, 1862
 Scevesia Dyar, 1916
 Schizura Doubleday, 1841
 Tecmessa Burmeister, 1878
 Theroa Schaus, 1901
 Ursia Barnes & McDunnough, 1911

References

 Lafontaine, J. Donald & Schmidt, B. Christian (2010). "Annotated check list of the Noctuoidea (Insecta, Lepidoptera) of North America north of Mexico". ZooKeys, vol. 40, 1-239.

Further reading

External links

 Butterflies and Moths of North America
 NCBI Taxonomy Browser, Heterocampinae

Notodontidae
Fly Rasta is the fifth solo studio album by Jamaican reggae artist Ziggy Marley, released on April 15, 2014, on Ziggy's own label, Tuff Gong Worldwide. The album marked Ziggy's return after the Grammy-winning album Ziggy Marley in Concert.

The first single, "I Don't Wanna Live on Mars", was released on iTunes on April 15, 2014 the same day as the album.

Aol.com released the video for "I Don't Wanna Live on Mars" exclusively on their web-page. The music video features his real-life wife and kids in a dream sequence where their family traverses an unhealthy planet Earth. The song and video's imagery convey a unified message from Marley that we should treat the earth well so we do not all have to leave to live on mars.

Track listing
"I Don't Wanna Live on Mars"
"Fly Rasta" (featuring U-Roy)
"Lighthouse"
"Sunshine" 
"Moving Forward" (featuring Beezy Coleman)
"You"
"So Many Rising" 
"I Get Up" (featuring Cedella Marley)
"You're My Yoko"
"Give It Away"

All songs written by David Marley, 2013 Ishti Music (ASCAP) except "Give It Away" written by Jacob Luttrell, Geoffrey Early (APG/SESA/BMI) and David Marley (Ishti Music/ASCAP); and "Lighthouse" written by David Marley (Ishti Music/ASCAP) and Sam Martin (APG/ASCAP)

Credits

Band members
Ziggy Marley - Lead vocals and guitar
Cedella Marley, Sharon Marley, Erica Newell, Tracy Hazzard, Ian "Beezy" Coleman, Vincent Brantley, Sean Dancy, Tim Fowlles - Background vocals
Cedella Marley - Background vocal arrangements
Steve Ferrone, Brian Macleod, James Gadson, Rock Deadrick - Drums
Dave Wilder, Abraham Laboriel, Guy Erez, Paul Stennett - Bass
Zac Rae, Mike Hyde, George Hughes, Dave Palmer, Brian Lebarton - Keyboards
Lyle Workman, Takeshi Akimoto, Ian "Beezy" Coleman - Guitars
Rock Deadrick, Randy Gloss - Percussion
Taku Hirano - Taiko drums
Ronobir Lahiri - Sitar
Todd Simon, Geoff Gallegoi, Fabio Santana, Tracy Wannomae - Horns
Liam McCormick, Owen Sutter - String arrangements

Production
Produced by Ziggy Marley 
Additional production and mastering by Dave Cooley 
Mixed by Andrew Scheps
Engineered by Isha Erskine
Additional engineering by Jared Hirshland
Assistant engineer: Alex Williams
Executive producer: Orly Marley 
Production manager: Matt Solodky
Production assistant: Michelle Rodriguez

Artwork
Art direction and layout by Neville Garrick
Cover artwork and imagery by Souther Salazar
Layout by Rory Wilson

Reception

Critical reception 
Fly Rasta won the Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album in February 2015. It received generally favorable reviews upon its release, with a 63/100 critic score on Metacritic, based on six reviews.

Commercial reception 
In the United States, Fly Rasta debuted at number 129 on the Billboard 200 chart, and number one on the Top Reggae Albums. As of July 2014, the album had sold 25,000 copies in the United States.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

External links
Album at Ziggy Marley's official website

Ziggy Marley albums
2014 albums
Tuff Gong albums
Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album
In Apple's macOS operating system, Quartz is the  Quartz 2D and Quartz Compositor part of the Core Graphics framework.  Quartz includes both a 2D renderer in Core Graphics and the composition engine that sends instructions to the graphics card. Because of this vertical nature, Quartz is often synonymous with Core Graphics.

In a general sense, Quartz or Quartz technologies can refer to almost every part of the  graphics model from the rendering layer down to the compositor including Core Image and Core Video. Other Apple graphics technologies that use the "Quartz" prefix include these:
 Quartz Extreme
 QuartzGL (originally Quartz 2D Extreme)
 QuartzCore
 Quartz Display Services
 Quartz Event Services

Quartz 2D and Quartz Compositor
Quartz 2D is the primary two-dimensional (2D) text and graphics rendering library:  It directly supports Aqua by displaying two-dimensional graphics to create the user interface, including on-the-fly rendering and anti-aliasing. Quartz can render text with sub-pixel precision; graphics are limited to more traditional anti-aliasing, which is the default mode of operation but can be turned off. In Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger, Apple introduced Quartz 2D Extreme, enabling Quartz 2D to offload rendering to compatible GPUs. However, GPU rendering was not enabled by default due to potential video redraw issues or kernel panics. 
In Mac OS X v10.5 Quartz 2D Extreme was renamed to QuartzGL. However, it still remains disabled by default, as there are some situations where it can degrade performance, or experience visual glitches; it is a per-application setting which can be turned on if the developer wishes.

The Quartz Compositor is the compositing engine used by macOS.  In Mac OS X Jaguar and later, the Quartz Compositor can use the graphics accelerator (GPU) to vastly improve composition performance.  This technology is known as Quartz Extreme and is enabled automatically on systems with supported graphics cards.

Use of PDF
It is widely stated that Quartz "uses PDF internally" (notably by Apple in their 2000 Macworld presentation and Quartz's early developer documentation), often by people making comparisons with the Display PostScript technology used in NeXTSTEP and OPENSTEP (of which  is a descendant). Quartz's internal imaging model correlates well with the PDF object graph, making it easy to output PDF to multiple devices.

See also
Quartz Composer

References

External links
 Quartz 2D Programming Guide at developer.apple.com
 Core Graphics API Reference at developer.apple.com
 Quartz in Tiger (from a review of  10.4 in Ars Technica)
 Introduction to OS X graphics APIs
 Cocoa Graphics with Quartz: Part 1
 Cocoa Graphics with Quartz: Part 2

Graphics software
MacOS
Karl Artur Leonid Kubbel (; 1891 or 1892 – 1942) was a Russian composer of chess endgame studies and problems.

Life 
Kubbel was born in Saint Petersburg at the end of 1891, or beginning of 1892 and died in the same city (then called Leningrad) on 18 April 1942. He was christened Karl Artur Leonid, but dropped the first two names around the time of the 1917 Russian Revolution.

He composed more than 1500 endgame studies and chess problems, many of which were awarded first prize for their great beauty and original conception. He was also a fairly strong over the board player finishing 5th in Leningrad championships on 2 occasions (1929, 1930). He is generally considered one of the greatest of all endgame composers. He was a chemical engineer by profession.

Leonid's brothers, Arvid and Evgeny, were also chess players. Arvid Kubbel was a strong over-the-board master, having played in the first four USSR chess championships, while Evgeny was himself an endgame composer.
Both Leonid and Evgeny Kubbel died of starvation in 1942 during the Nazi siege of Leningrad, while Arvid was executed by the NKVD in 1938.

A study by Leonid Kubbel 
This is one of Leonid Kubbel's many masterpieces. The Black a-pawn apparently cannot be stopped from promotion, after which the game would be lost for White; however, a subtle plan avoids defeat and checkmates the black king. Video analysis of this study can be found .

Solution:
 1. Nc6!! (threatens Nb4+, blocking the a-pawn) Kxc6
 2. Bf6 Kd5
 3. d3 a2
 4. c4+ Kc5(4....dxc3 5.Bxc3 is a simple technical win)
 5. Kb7! a1=Q (if 5...Kd6 or 5... Kb4 then 6.Bxd4 stopping the pawn)
 6. Be7 checkmate.

Works on Leonid Kubbel 
 25 ausgewählte Endspielstudien von Leonid Kubbel (German), Jan van Reek, 1996.
 Leonid Kubbel’s Chess Endgame Studies, TG Whitworth, 2004.
 Леонид Куббель (Russian), J. Vladimirowitsch and Y.Fokin, 1984.

External links 
 Biographical data on chess composers
 Magazine survey of endgame studies

References 

- Preface by Grigory Levenfish in: "K.A.L. Kubbel Schachmatnich etjudov: 150 Endgame Studies", Leningrad, 1925 (Russian).

1890s births
1942 deaths
Baltic-German people
Russian chess players
Soviet chess players
Chess composers
Sportspeople from Saint Petersburg
Deaths by starvation
20th-century chess players
Victims of the Siege of Leningrad
Hwang Ki-chul (; born 2 September 1956) is a South Korean ex Navy chief served as the Minister of Patriots and Veterans Affairs from 2020 to 2022.

Hwang previously served as deputy chief of navy during Lee Myung-bak administration from 2011 to 2012 and its chief during the following Park Geun-hye administration from 2013 to 2015. He also served as the head of his alma mater from 2012 to 2013.

On 14 August 2021, Hwang will visit Kazakhstan as president's special envoy to retrieve body of Hong Beom-do, the general commander of Korean independence army against Japanese rule over Korea. 

He first entered politics in 2017. He joined then-candidate Moon Jae-in's presidential campaign in 2017. In the 2020 general election, he ran for Jinhae constituency which is his hometown and where major Navy facilities and his alma mater reside.      

Hwang is a Korea Naval Academy graduate. He holds three degrees - a bachelor in French language and literature from Korea University, a master's in history from University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne and a MBA from Kyung Hee University. He also completed a doctorate programme in political science at Hannam University.

Effective dates of promotion

Electoral history

Awards 

  Order of National Security Merit by the government of South Korea (2017)
  Order of National Security Merit by the government of South Korea (2008)

References 

Living people
Government ministers of South Korea
Minjoo Party of Korea politicians
Korea University alumni
Pantheon-Sorbonne University alumni
1956 births
People from Changwon
Chiefs of Naval Operations (South Korea)
Korea Naval Academy alumni
Kyung Hee University alumni
Hannam University alumni
Ki-chul
The Washington-Alexandria Architecture Center (WAAC), is an extension center of Virginia Tech's College of Architecture and Urban Studies, located in Old Town Alexandria. It houses the Master of Architecture, Master of Landscape Architecture, and Undergraduate Architecture programs for students from a wide variety of locations. Sited on an urban campus of six buildings in the heart of Old Town, WAAC allows upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in architecture, landscape architecture, and urban design to address the complexities of urban areas using the Washington, D.C. metropolitan region as a resource laboratory for design and research. The center also encompasses a consortium of architecture schools from around the globe.

Overview
The WAAC has operated as the urban extension of Virginia Tech's College of Architecture and Urban Studies in the Washington metropolitan area since 1980.

See also
Virginia Tech
Virginia Tech College of Architecture and Urban Studies

References

Virginia Tech
Ostrowo (, ) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Władysławowo, within Puck County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately  south of the Baltic Sea,  west of Władysławowo,  north-west of Puck, and  north-west of the regional capital Gdańsk. It is located within the ethnocultural region of Kashubia in the historic region of Pomerania. Prior to January 1, 2015, it was a part of the town Władysławowo.

The village has a population of 605.

History
Ostrowo was a royal village of the Polish Crown, administratively located in the Puck County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship. In 1552 King Sigismund II Augustus renewed the old lost privilege of the village, which was later confirmed by Kings Władysław IV Vasa, John II Casimir Vasa and John III Sobieski.

References

Villages in Puck County
Populated coastal places in Poland
Seaside resorts in Poland
The wrestling tournament at the 1963 Mediterranean Games was held in Naples, Italy.

Medal table

Medalists

Men's freestyle
Note 1: Official report mistakenly lists Zardoni (ITA) as winning bronze in Lightweight category, contemporary reports attribute bronze medal to Constantino Kozanidis (GRE).
Note 2: Egypt competed as United Arab Republic (UAR) even though Syria had seceded from the UAR and sent its own team to the 1963 Games. For this reason, UAR results from 1963 are retroactively attributed to Egypt.

Greco-Roman

References
1963 Mediterranean Games report at the International Committee of Mediterranean Games (CIJM) website
List of Olympians who won medals at the Mediterranean Games at Olympedia.org

Mediterranean Games
Wrestling
1963
International wrestling competitions hosted by Italy
Gamvik Church () is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Gamvik Municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. It is located in the village of Gamvik. It is the main church for the Gamvik parish which is part of the Hammerfest prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The white, concrete church was built in a long church design in 1958 using plans drawn up by the architects Gudolf Blakstad and Herman Munthe-Kaas. The church seats about 224 people.

History
The first church in Gamvik was the Samekapellet () which was moved here in 1858 from Tana Municipality. That chapel was taken down and replaced with a new church in 1894 that was designed by the architect D. G. Evjen. That new church had 264 seats. On 5 November 1944 the retreating German army burned down the church near the end of World War II. The present church was constructed in 1957-1958 as the new main church for the municipality. It was designed by the architects Gudolf Blakstad and Herman Munthe-Kaas. It was consecrated on 27 April 1958 by the Bishop Alf Wiig. The present Gamvik Church is built of concrete and has 224 seats in the main room and 80 in the parish hall.

Media gallery

See also
List of churches in Nord-Hålogaland

References

Gamvik
Churches in Finnmark
20th-century Church of Norway church buildings
Churches completed in 1958
1858 establishments in Norway
Long churches in Norway
Concrete churches in Norway
Andrés Ledesma (born 7 January 1980) is a Colombian boxer. He competed in the men's featherweight event at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

References

1980 births
Living people
Colombian male boxers
Olympic boxers for Colombia
Boxers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
People from Bolívar Department
Featherweight boxers
Klaus Ehl (born 16 August 1949 in Paderborn) is a German former athlete who competed mainly in the 100 metres.

Biography
Born in Paderborn, he competed for West Germany in the 1972 Summer Olympics held in Munich, Germany in the 4 x 100 metre relay where he won the bronze medal with his team mates Jobst Hirscht, Karlheinz Klotz and Gerhard Wucherer.

References

Sports Reference

1949 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Paderborn
West German male sprinters
Olympic bronze medalists for West Germany
Athletes (track and field) at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for West Germany
Medalists at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists in athletics (track and field)
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Universiade bronze medalists for West Germany
Union Church Presbyterian Church is a historic church on MS 550 in Union Church, Mississippi.

It was built in 1852 and added to the National Register in 1979.

References

Further reading

Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Mississippi
Churches in Jefferson County, Mississippi
Presbyterian Church in America churches in Mississippi
National Register of Historic Places in Jefferson County, Mississippi
Me Against the World is the seventh installment in The Emo Diaries series of compilation albums, released March 5, 2002 by Deep Elm Records. As with all installments in the series, the label had an open submissions policy for bands to submit material for the compilation, and as a result the music does not all fit within the emo style. As with the rest of the series, Me Against the World features mostly unsigned bands contributing songs that were previously unreleased.

Reviewer Johnny Loftus of Allmusic remarks that "Sonically, it is a little more diverse, or at least there are a few left turns among all the quiet-loud dynamics this time around." He calls the album "Just as worthy as its Emo Diaries brethren yet filled with refreshing moments of instrumental or melodic experimentation, Vol. 7 is sure to please the Deep Elm faithful and is a good introductory calling card for many of its participants."

Track listing

References

External links 
 Me Against the World at Deep Elm Records.

2002 compilation albums
Indie rock compilation albums
Deep Elm Records compilation albums
Emo compilation albums
Húns  () is a village in Leeuwarden in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands. It had a  population of around 114 in January 2017.

There is a preserved windmill, De Huinsermolen.

History
The village was first mentioned in the 13th century Hunenghe, and means "settlement of the people of Huno (person)". Húns is a twin village with Leons and both share a village flag. The Dutch Reformed church dates from the 13th century. In 1840, Húns was home to 117 people.

The polder mill De Huinsermolen was built in 1829. The mill drains the excess water from the polder. In 1958, a Diesel powered pumping station was installed, however the wind mill is regularly in service.

Before 2018, the village was part of the Littenseradiel municipality and before 1984 it belonged to Baarderadeel municipality.

Gallery

References

External links

Leeuwarden
Populated places in Friesland
Weekend at Thrackley is a 1934 detective novel by the British writer Alan Melville. A whodunit with comic overtones, it takes the form of a country house mystery, a genre at its height during the decade. His debut novel, it was a commercial success and led to him giving up his job in the timber trade to become a full-time writer. It was reissued in 2018 by the British Library Publishing as part of a group of crime novels from the Golden Age of Detective Fiction.

Synopsis
Jim Henderson is one of six guests invited by Edwin Carson, an avid collector of precious gems to his gloomy country estate at Thrackley.

Film adaptation
In 1952 it was adapted into the film Hot Ice directed by Kenneth Hume and starring John Justin, Barbara Murray and Ivor Barnard.

References

Bibliography
 Clinton, Franz Anthony. British Thrillers, 1950-1979: 845 Films of Suspense, Mystery, Murder and Espionage. McFarland, 2020.
 Goble, Alan. The Complete Index to Literary Sources in Film. Walter de Gruyter, 1999.
 Hubin, Allen J. Crime Fiction, 1749-1980: A Comprehensive Bibliography. Garland Publishing, 1984.

1934 British novels
British mystery novels
Novels by Alan Melville
Novels set in England
British detective novels
British novels adapted into films
Abel Almarez (23 November 1941 – 23 May 2021) was an Argentine boxer. He competed in the men's bantamweight event at the 1964 Summer Olympics. At the 1964 Summer Olympics, he defeated Christopher Rafter of Ireland in the Round of 32, before losing to Chung Shin-cho of South Korea in the Round of 16.

References

External links

1941 births
2021 deaths
Argentine male boxers
Olympic boxers for Argentina
Boxers at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Boxers at the 1963 Pan American Games
Pan American Games gold medalists for Argentina
Pan American Games medalists in boxing
Bantamweight boxers
Medalists at the 1963 Pan American Games
Boxers from Buenos Aires
The 2004 Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team represented Rutgers University in the 2004 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Scarlet Knights were led by fourth-year head coach Greg Schiano and played their home games at Rutgers Stadium. They were a member of the Big East Conference. They finished the season 4–7, 1–5 in Big East play to finish in a tie with Temple for last place.

Schedule

References

Rutgers
Rutgers Scarlet Knights football seasons
Rutgers Scarlet Knights football
Geologichesky (masculine), Geologicheskaya (feminine), or Geologicheskoye (neuter) may refer to:
Geologichesky (settlement), a settlement in Tomsk Oblast, Russia
Geologicheskaya, a station of the Yekaterinburg Metro, Yekaterinburg, Russia
Ama-e  (fl. circa 2330 BC), was an Ancient Sumerian businesswoman. She lived in the city of Umma during the reign of Sargon of Akkad. She was married to Ur-Sara and her business transactions are well documented in the so-called Ur-Sara family archive. 

She rented land from the crown for cultivating, invested in buildings, traded in barley and metal, and had a network of business agents through which she bought and sold silver, wood, wool, food and perfume.

Ama-e is one of the earliest individual businesswomen of which any significant amount of information is known. While it does not appear to have been uncommon for women to conduct business, as it was regarded as a part of the household duties, no other businesswoman and her transactions from this period or before is as well documented as Ama-e.

References

 Stephanie Lynn Budin, Jean Macintosh Turfa: Women in Antiquity: Real Women across the Ancient World
 Morris Silver: Economic Structures of Antiquity

Ancient businesswomen
Ancient businesspeople
24th-century BC women
Sumerian people
Ancient Mesopotamian women