Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
In sedimentology, wave-formed ripples or wave-formed ripple marks are a feature of sediments (sandstones, limestones, siltstones) and dunes.  These ripple marks are often characterised (and thus distinguished from current ripples) by symmetric cross sections and long relatively straight crests, which may commonly bifurcate. Commonly, these crests can be truncated by subsequent flows.  Their wavelength (periodicity) depends on the sediment grain size, water depth and water-particle orbits in the waves. On tidal flats the pattern of wave-formed ripples may be complicated, as a product of changing depth and wind and tidal runoff directions. Symmetrical ripples are commonly found in shallow waters.  Beaches are a good place to find these ripples.

While wave-formed ripples are traditionally described as symmetrical, asymmetric wave ripples are common in shallow waters along sandy shores. They are produced by bottom oscillations generated by passing breaker waves, which have unequal intensity in opposite directions.

Wave-formed ripples indicate an environment with weak currents where water motion is dominated by wave oscillations.

Although symmetrical ripples are also called bi-directional ripples there is a difference between them. Bi-directional ripples are rarely symmetrical due to the difference in force of the two directions, where as the wave formed or oscillation ripples form from the circular water movement pattern of water molecules. These ripples form parallel to the shore line. They usually display rounded troughs and rounded crests.

Ripples 
Ripples are relatively small, elongated ridges that form on bed surfaces perpendicular to current flow.  With continuous current flow in one direction, asymmetrical ripples form.  Asymmetrical ripples contain a steeper slope downstream.  With an alternation in current flow from one direction to the opposite symmetrical ripples form.  Symmetrical ripples tend to have the same slope on both sides of the crest.

Formation 
Symmetrical ripples form as water molecules oscillate in small circles.  A particle of water within a wave does not move with the wave but rather it moves in a small circle between the wave crest and wave trough.  This movement of water molecules is the same for all water molecules effected by the wave.  The water molecules continue to do this to a depth equal to 1/2 the wavelength.  The water molecule traveling in a circular pattern interacts with the sediment on the floor and moves the sediment into symmetrical ripples.  These ripples can be either straight crested or sinuous crested ripples.

See also
Sedimentary structures
Bedform

References

Sedimentology
Li Kai (; Born July 25, 1989) is a left-footed Chinese football player who currently plays for China League Two side Qingdao Youth Island.

Club career
Li Kai began his professional football career after graduating from the Dalian Shide youth team in 2008 and would make his senior debut for the club on June 25, 2008 in a league game over Liaoning Whowin where Dalian won 2-1. In his debut season Li Kai would go on to score his first goal for the club on September 12, 2008 in a 3-1 defeat to Shanghai Shenhua. However, the team suffered a disappointing season which saw Dalian flirt with relegation.

By the beginning of the 2010 league season Dalian allowed Li Kai to go on loan to top tier side Shaanxi Baorong Chanba and he would make his debut for the club on March 28, 2010 in a 1-1 draw against his parent club Dalian Shide. By July 28, 2010 he would then score his first goal for the club in a league game against Chongqing Lifan, which ended in a 2-2 draw. His loan period made his move permanent the following season before his new club decided to move to Guizhou and renamed themselves Guizhou Renhe in 2012.

On 2 January 2016, Kai transferred to Chinese Super League side Shijiazhuang Ever Bright. He made his debut for Shijiazhuang on 1 May 2016 in a 2–0 defeat against Tianjin Teda, coming on for Mi Haolun in the 81st minute.

In March 2017, Kai transferred to League Two side Jiangxi Liansheng. On 7 March 2018, Kai transferred to Qingdao Jonoon.

Career statistics
Statistics accurate as of match played 31 December 2020.

Honours

Club
Qingdao Hainiu
 China League Two: 2013

References

External links
Player stats at Sohu.com

1989 births
Living people
Chinese men's footballers
Footballers from Qingdao
Dalian Shide F.C. players
Beijing Chengfeng F.C. players
Qingdao F.C. players
Cangzhou Mighty Lions F.C. players
Jiangxi Lushan F.C. players
Qingdao Hainiu F.C. (1990) players
Chinese Super League players
China League One players
Footballers at the 2010 Asian Games

Men's association football utility players
Asian Games competitors for China
Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway's Class A-3 was a class of 0-6-0 steam locomotive switchers.

Background

Design Features

Construction History

Operational history

Numbering

Disposition

References 

A-3
0-6-0 locomotives
ALCO locomotives
Steam locomotives of the United States
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Railway locomotives introduced in 1914
The XII Constitutional Government of São Tomé and Príncipe (Portuguese: XII Governo Constitucional de São Tomé e Príncipe) was a Government of São Tomé and Príncipe. It was established in February 2008 and was disestablished in May 2008.

References

2008 establishments in São Tomé and Príncipe
Cabinets established in 2008
Government of São Tomé and Príncipe
Cabinets disestablished in 2008
Paroxynoticeras is an extinct genus of lower Jurassic ammonite that lived during upper Sinemurian. Animals belonging to this genus had platyconic shells with compressed whorl section and could grow to large sizes. In the case of young specimens, umbilicum is small, but it increases in bigger specimens.. Last whorl is excentric, which can occur also in relative species, Paracymbites. While on the outer whorls, venter is always rounded, on inner whorls it can be both rounded or sharp. Ornamentation on inner whorls and suture is similar to Oxynoticeras, but in bigger specimens, ribs became straight, simple and blunt. In these bigger specimens, midlateral tubercules might be present.

Distribution
Fossils belonging to this genus were found in Europe, Tunisia and Morocco.

References

Oxynoticeratidae
Ammonitida genera
Jurassic ammonites of Europe
Ammonites of Africa
Sinemurian life
Lucasville  is a Black Nova Scotian settlement within the Halifax Regional Municipality in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.

The community was established by James Lucas and Moses Oliver in 1827, then known as Lucas Settlement. Actor Eli Goree was raised in Lucasville.
 In 1970, Lucasville had a Black population of 200.

References
Explore HRM

Communities in Halifax, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia
Black Canadian settlements
Black Canadian culture in Halifax, Nova Scotia
"Idiota" is the first official single from Spanish band Nena Daconte from their debut Album He Perdido Los Zapatos. It charted at 11 in 2006.

Charts

References

2006 singles
Nena Daconte songs
Songs written by Mai Meneses
2006 songs
Princess Nika Yourievitch (formerly Lady Hulton; 2 August 1916 – 17 September  1995) was a French-born socialite and author, descended from Russian and Montenegrin nobility. She married Sir Edward George Warris Hulton, son of Sir Edward Hulton, 1st Baronet.

Yourievitch was described as "very good-looking, wild and extravagant" by Woodrow Wyatt, regularly hosted grand parties in London, and was very involved in the high society social scene of the time. She was also known for her large art collection.

Biography
Princess Nika Yourievitch was born on 2 August 1916, the second daughter of Prince Serge Youriévitch, a sculptor and diplomat of Russian nobility, and Montenegrin  Princess Helene de Lipovatz. Princess Lipovatz was the daughter of Prince Jovan Popović-Lipovac (), a Montenegrin prince and Russian Imperial Army general.  General Popović-Lipovac led the 48th Division in the Russian Civil War, where he was wounded. Princess Lipovatz was also cousin of Princess Elena Petrović-Njegoš of Montenegro, making Yourievitch first cousins once removed to the Queen of Italy.

Princess Nika's father Serge had served as chamberlain to the last Emperor, Nicholas II of Russia. He was a friend and pupil of the sculptor Auguste Rodin before becoming an accomplished sculptor himself, connecting his family to French art society.

Princess Nika was brought up in Paris, where many Russian nobility fled after the Russian Revolution. Her parents lived between Paris and Russia, and after the fall of the Imperial reign lost their Russian property in Saratov.

In 1941, Yourievitch married media magnate Sir Edward George Warris Hulton as his second wife. Hulton had formerly been married to Kira Goudime-Levkovitsch, another Russian aristocrat who had fled Russia after Nicholas II's fall.

Together, Yourievitch and Hulton had two sons and one daughter: Edward Alexander Sergius Hulton, Cosmo Philip Paul Hulton, and Elizabeth Frances Helen Hulton.

The marriage between Yourievitch and Hulton was dissolved in 1966, though the two lived together again for the last nine years of Hulton's life before he died on 8 October 1988.

Death

Yourievitch died 17 September 1995. She was buried in the Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois Russian Cemetery in France, alongside her parents and Hulton.

Other
Yourievitch was also noted for her renowned collection of Paul Klee artwork.

Works

External links

References

Hulton family
1916 births
1995 deaths
British socialites
French people of Russian descent
French people of Montenegrin descent
Russian nobility
Montenegrin nobility
Wives of knights
English people of Russian descent
English people of Montenegrin descent
Burials at Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois Russian Cemetery
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to France
The name Kent has been used for two tropical cyclones in the northwest Pacific Ocean.

 Typhoon Kent (1992) (T9211, 11W) – struck Japan.
 Typhoon Kent (1995) (T9508, 12W, Gening) – made landfall on China, near Hong Kong.

Pacific typhoon set index articles
Kusasalethu (formerly Elandskraal, an amalgamation of Elandsrand and Deelkraal mines) is a gold mine on the West Wits Line near Carletonville, Gauteng, South Africa, and  west of Johannesburg. The Deelkraal Section of the mine is situated about  to the west at .

Overview
The mine is owned by the Harmony Gold Mining Co. Ltd. and is the amalgamation of the Deelkraal mine and Elandsrand mines, bought from AngloGold in 2001 for R1 billion in cash.

Kusasalethu mines mainly the Ventersdorp Contact Reef (VCR) and the Carbon Leader. Production in 2007 was 195,000 ounces, proven and probable reserves totalled 8.3 million ounces and additional identified resources totalled 7.1 million ounces. An R989 million (US$137 million) project to develop a deeper 'new mine' to exploit the VCR between  below surface is well advanced. It is expected to be complete in 2010 and boost annual production to 416,000 ounces.

On 3 October 2007 3,200 employees were trapped underground when a  compressed air pipe broke away just below surface in the men and material shaft and fell to the shaft bottom, severely damaging both the shaft steelwork and the electricity supply to the sub men and material shaft. The trapped workers were all brought to surface by 4.00 p.m. the following day after cages had been installed in the rock shaft. 48 days of production were lost.

In late 2014, the mine was shut down for two weeks as part of efforts to clear illegal miners from working.

Production
Recent production figures:

See also
 Elandsrand township

References

External links 
 Schalk Burger, 10 December 2010, Kusasalethu aims to produce 200 000 oz of gold in 2011.

Gold mines in South Africa
Underground mines in South Africa
Buildings and structures in Gauteng
Economy of Gauteng
The Intercontinental Stakes is a Grade III American Thoroughbred horse race for fillies and mares aged four years old and older, over a distance of six furlongs on the turf held annually in early June at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York.  The event currently carries a purse of $200,000.

History

The race was inaugurated in 2014 with a stakes purse of $100,000.

The event is held on the Thursday before the Belmont Stakes as part of the Belmont Racing Festival.

In 2017 the event was classified as Grade III.

The race is named after American Champion Female Turf Horse for 2005 Intercontinental who in that year won the Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Turf.

In 2022 the distance of the event was decreased from seven furlongs to six furlongs.

Records
Speed record: 
6 furlongs: 1:07.59 - Caravel  (2022)
7 furlongs: 1:19.83 - Significant Form (2019)

Largest margin of victory:
  lengths - Zindaya (2015)

Most wins:
 2 – Zindaya (2015, 2016)

Most wins by a jockey:
 2 – Irad Ortiz Jr. (2019, 2020)

Most wins by a trainer:
 3 - Chad C. Brown (2016, 2019, 2020)

Most wins by an owner:
 No owner has won this race more than once.

Winners

See also
 List of American and Canadian Graded races

References

Graded stakes races in the United States
2014 establishments in New York (state)
Recurring sporting events established in 2014
Horse races in New York (state)
Belmont Park
Grade 3 stakes races in the United States
Turf races in the United States
In 615, during the ongoing war with the Byzantine Empire, the Sasanian army under spahbod Shahin invaded Asia Minor and reached Chalcedon, across the Bosporus from Constantinople. It was at this point, according to Sebeos, that Heraclius had agreed to stand down and was about ready to become a client of the Sasanian emperor Khosrow II, allowing the Roman Empire to become a Persian client state, as well as even allow Khosrow II to choose the emperor. The Sassanids had already captured Roman Syria and Palestine in the previous year. After negotiations with Byzantine Emperor Heraclius, a Byzantine ambassador was sent to Persian Shahanshah Khosrow II, and Shahin withdrew again to Syria.

This was not the first time the Persians drew up their armies at the walls of Constantinople, but this time the invasion was more widespread. Beginning in 614 the Persians encroached on Asia Minor. In 614 they captured Melitene and Shahin divided his armies in two, one army marching to sack Sardis and Miletus and his army move towards Chalcedon. Despite the successful retreat back to Syria, the Persians did keep Caesarea (modern Kayseri) and the key Armenian fortresses of Theodosiopolis (modern Erzurum) and Martyropolis. According to Sebeos, when they reached Chalcedon in 615, Heraclius had agreed to stand down and was about ready to become a client of the Sasanian emperor Khosrow II, allowing the Roman Empire to become a Persian client state, as well as even allow Khosrow II to choose the emperor.

a Heraclius sent a separate letter to Shahin, stating his willingness to accept whoever was appointed by the Sasanians as the ruler of Byzantium. These efforts were failed but the Byzantine capital was not attacked, because the Sasanians preferred to focus on Egypt, which was of higher economic value than the war-torn Anatolia.

See also

 Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628

References

Sources 

615
610s conflicts
Battles involving the Byzantine Empire
610s in the Sasanian Empire
610s in the Byzantine Empire
Battles in medieval Anatolia
Battles of the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628
Legionella dresdenensis is a Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from the Elbe in Dresden in Germany.

References

External links
Type strain of Legionella dresdenensis at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Legionellales
Bacteria described in 2010
Arthur Erich Haas (April 30, 1884 in Brno – February 20, 1941 in Chicago) was an Austrian physicist, noted for a 1910 paper he submitted in support of his habilitation as Privatdocent at the University of Vienna that outlined a treatment of the hydrogen atom involving quantization of electronic orbitals, thus anticipating the Bohr model (1913) by three years.

Haas’ paper, however, was initially rejected and even ridiculed. As noted in his autobiography, Haas recalls: "When I lectured to the Chemical-Physical Society of Vienna ... Lecher ... referred to the presentation during open discussion as a carnival joke" (the lecture was held during carnival time in Austria, February 1910). Soon thereafter, however, by September 1911 at a physical science convention in Karlsruhe, former detractors of Haas' work acknowledged it with greater enthusiasm as noted in a footnote: "We do not know what caused [a] change of mind in 1911 and can merely suggest the general trend of thinking at the time: 1910 saw the beginning of a universal shift of opinion of the quantum concept."

The significance of Haas' work lay in the establishment of a relationship between Planck's constant and atomic dimensions, having been first to correctly estimate the magnitude of what is today known as the Bohr radius.

From 1936 to his death he was professor at the University of Notre Dame.

Acceptance at the 1911 Solvay Conference 

During the proceedings of the first Solvay Conference in 1911 at which Bohr’s mentor, Rutherford was present. Max Planck’s lecture ended with this remark: “… atoms or electrons subject to the molecular bond would obey the laws of quantum theory.” Hendrik Lorentz in the discussion of Planck’s lecture raised the question of the composition of the atom based on Thompson’s model with a great portion of the discussion around the Quantum atom developed by Arthur Erich Haas. Lorentz explained that due to the dimension of Planck’s constant, it defined the atom. Haas’s model of the atom is mentioned seventeen times during the Proceedings of the Conference. Planck uses Haas’ model in his speech saying:
“A.E. Haas, for example, takes as oscillator the uniform sphere of J.-J. Thomson, within which an electron can oscillate around the center. The maximum energy for this oscillation, which is reached when the amplitude becomes equal to the radius of the sphere, must be equal to the quantum of energy e = hv.”

Works 
.
Einführung in die theoretische Physik (2 volumes) 1. {online} Leipzig: Veit, 1919; 2. Berlin:  de Gruyter, 1921. English translation: .
. English translation: .
. English translation: .
. English translation: .
. Revised English translation: .
.
.
 (popular scientific).

See also
Bohr model
History of quantum mechanics

References

External links
Arthur Erich Haas - FREE Arthur Erich Haas Biography | Encyclopedia.com: Facts, Pictures, Information! at www.encyclopedia.com
Arthur Erich Haas at the aeiou Encyclopedia

1884 births
1941 deaths
Austrian physicists
University of Notre Dame faculty
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Marihuana: The First Twelve Thousand Years is a book by Ernest Lawrence Abel about the history of cannabis, first published in 1980.

Table of contents 
 Cannabis in the Ancient World
 Hashish and the Arabs
 Rope and Riches
 Cannabis Comes to the New World
 New Uses for the Old Hemp Plant
 The Indian Hemp Drug Debate
 The African Dagga Cultures
 The Hashish Club
 Hashish in America
 America's Drug Users
 Reefer Racism
 The Jazz Era
 Outlawing Marihuana

Reception 
The book received reviews from publications including The Quarterly Review of Biology, Annals of Internal Medicine, Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, and The Public Historian.

See also 

 List of books about cannabis

References 

1980 books
Non-fiction books about cannabis
The Harvard alumni health study is a cohort study focusing on the effect of exercise on coronary artery disease, strokes, diabetes, hypertension, cancer, obesity and mortality.  Including only male, Harvard College graduates who began their studies between 1916 and 1950 and were still living in 1966, the study began with 21,582 individuals.  Data was collected on the lifestyle and health of these men in 1962, 1966, 1977, 1988, and 1993, at which point only 11,894 men remained in the study.

As with all cohort studies, the narrow catchment criteria for participants was both a strength and a weakness: selecting only educated, middle-aged, predominantly white males lent the study greater power to see statistically significant results in that demographic, but left it blind to broader reaching phenomena.
Fit people did better and had less disease than unfit people.  If people changed from unfit to fit their disease risk went down.

References

Alumni health study
Cohort studies
Allison J. Beckford (born 8 May 1979 in Westmoreland) is a Jamaican sprinter competing in the 400 metres. She attended the Manning's School in Savanna-la-Mar, Westmoreland, Jamaica, where she was one of the star athletes coached by Howard Daugharty. She was also academically astute passing several CXC (Caribbean Examination Council) exams and also A-levels exams after completing her upper six forms education. Her personal best of 50.83 was set in 2002. She has also competed in 400 m hurdles.

Beckford was a part of the Jamaican team that won the bronze medal in the 4 x 400 metres relay at the 2003 World Championships in Athletics. She was not selected for the bronze-winning relay team at the 2004 Summer Olympics. She did compete in the 400 metre race, but suffered a severe hamstring injury.

Beckford is a relative  of long jumper James Beckford. She attended Rice University in Houston Texas.

Achievements

External links 

1979 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Westmoreland Parish
Jamaican female sprinters
Jamaican female hurdlers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2002 Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1999 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2003 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Jamaica
Rice University alumni
World Athletics Championships medalists
Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Pan American Games silver medalists for Jamaica
Medalists at the 2003 Pan American Games
Commonwealth Games competitors for Jamaica
20th-century Jamaican women
21st-century Jamaican women
Chung Sum Wai () or Tsing Chuen Wai () is a walled village in Tai Hang, Tai Po District, Hong Kong.

Administration
Chung Sum Wai is one of the villages represented within the Tai Po Rural Committee. For electoral purposes, Chung Sum Wai is part of the Lam Tsuen Valley constituency, which is currently represented by Richard Chan Chun-chit.

History
At the time of the 1911 census, the population of Tai Hang Chung San Wai was 112. The number of males was 52.

See also
 Walled villages of Hong Kong
 Fui Sha Wai (Tai Po District), an nearby walled village in Tai Hang

References

External links

 Delineation of area of existing village Tai Hang (Tai Po) for election of resident representative (2019 to 2022) (includes Chung Sum Wai)

Villages in Tai Po District, Hong Kong
Walled villages of Hong Kong
Jong Jo-ung (born 17 June 1957) is a North Korean boxer. He competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics. At the 1980 Summer Olympics, he defeated Rabani Ghulam of Afghanistan, before losing to Viktor Demyanenko of the Soviet Union.

References

1957 births
Living people
North Korean male boxers
Olympic boxers for North Korea
Boxers at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Boxers at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people)
Asian Games medalists in boxing
Boxers at the 1978 Asian Games
Boxers at the 1982 Asian Games
Asian Games gold medalists for North Korea
Medalists at the 1982 Asian Games
Lightweight boxers
John Craigie (25 August 1866 – 13 October 1948) was an Australian cricketer. He played two first-class matches for South Australia in 1887/88.

See also
 List of South Australian representative cricketers

References

External links
 

1866 births
1948 deaths
Australian cricketers
South Australia cricketers
Cricketers from Adelaide
Colony of South Australia people