Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Sandra McCoy is an American former actress and dancer. McCoy is primarily known for being featured in the music video of NSYNC's 2001 single, "Pop" and as Vanessa in Porky's Pimpin' Pee Wee.

Early life and education
McCoy was born and raised in San Jose, California in a Filipino/Irish family. Her mother was a high school Physical Education teacher, tennis coach, and aerobics instructor. Her father was the director of database management at the County Sheriff's Department and a private pilot. Her parents, Madeline and Gary McCoy and her brother Scott McCoy died in late 1993 in an airplane crash in the Fresno area when their plane exploded midair. Sandra did not go on the trip as she had a swimming competition. Instead, her brother took a friend, Mark Guitterez (both students of Quimby Oak Jr. High School at the time of death), whom also perished in the crash.

McCoy has trained in dance and gymnastics since she was eight years old and was on the cheerleading squad and soccer and diving teams at Independence High School.

Career
McCoy moved to Los Angeles, where she still resides today, to pursue a career in show business after attaining a Bachelor's Degree in Psychology from Santa Clara University. Though her first attempt at Hollywood success, a four-girl pop group, fell through, McCoy has continued to enjoy several other successes in the film industry as both an actress and dancer. Her first real break into the business was booking the lead role in 'N Sync's "Pop" music video. In addition, she was a cheerleader for the Los Angeles Lakers in the season of 2002–2003 and made her calendar debut in Music Video Beauties of 2004. She retired from acting in 2014. 

McCoy made many appearances in small roles on several noted television shows before landing her first lead role. She is best known for her starring role as Mercedes in 2005's Cry Wolf, where she met her long-term boyfriend Jared Padalecki; however, the two ended their relationship in 2008.

In early March 2007, McCoy auditioned for the reality television series Pussycat Dolls Present: The Search for the Next Doll to become the seventh Pussycat Doll, but did not make it into the house. McCoy also guest-starred in the Supernatural episode "Bedtime Stories".

Filmography

Film

Television

Music videos

References

External links

21st-century American actresses
National Basketball Association cheerleaders
American cheerleaders
American female dancers
American dancers
American film actresses
American television actresses
American actresses of Filipino descent
American people of Irish descent
Living people
Actresses from San Jose, California
Santa Clara University alumni
1979 births
Frederick Martin Lehman (1868–1953) was a German-born hymn writer, minister, and publisher who made significant contributions to the field of Christian music. He was born on August 7, 1868, in Mecklenburg, Schwerin, Germany, and emigrated to the United States with his family at the age of four. The majority of his childhood was spent in Iowa, where he and his family settled. Lehman pursued theological education at Northwestern College in Naperville, Illinois, and served ministries in Audubon, Iowa and New London, Indiana.

In 1911, Lehman relocated to Kansas City, Missouri where he played a pivotal role in establishing the Nazarene Publishing House. Throughout his lifetime, Lehman devoted himself to writing sacred songs, and his first hymn was composed during his tenure as a pastor in Kingsley, Iowa, in 1898. Over the years, Lehman wrote and published]hundreds of songs and compiled five songbooks. His compositions include "The Love of God", "The Royal Telephone", and "No Disappointment In Heaven".

Lehman was married to Emma Louise Dermeyer. He died on February 20, 1953, in Pasadena, California.

References

1868 births
1953 deaths
20th-century German composers
The slender-billed thornbill (Acanthiza iredalei) is a small bird native to Australia. It includes three sub-species: 
 A. i. hedleyi
 A. i. iredalei
 A. i. rosinae

This thornbill can be found in shrublands and salt marshes, typically those around salt lakes or low heath on sand plains.  It eats mostly insects and spiders captured in the shrubs of its habitat. It rarely feeds on the ground, preferring instead the higher elevations of shrubs and trees.

The slender-billed thornbill is rarely observed alone. They are usually seen in flocks of approximately eight birds or in pairs. Thornbill nests are small and built in low shrubs. They are constructed of grass, bark, cobwebs, and other shrubland debris. Females lay up to three eggs during the breeding season, which runs from July until November.

Description
The thornbill ranges from 9 to 10 centimeters in length. The colour of its back ranges from olive-grey to a darker olive-brown. The base of its tail is olive-yellow. Its underbelly is a smooth cream colour, and it has a dark bill and pale eyes.

Distribution and habitat
The slender-billed thornbill iredalei subspecies has six separate and isolated populations in Western Australia, and a large population in the Carnarvon bioregion. The hedleyi subspecies is found in southeastern South Australia and western Victoria, and the rosinae subspecies is most commonly found in the Gulf St Vincent region of South Australia.

Conservation status

The rosinae subspecies is considered vulnerable. The hedleyi subspecies is considered near threatened. The iredalei subspecies is also considered vulnerable.

The slender-billed thornbill (iredalei subspecies) is extinct in northern Australia, and is considered the only indigenous species to have become extinct in that region since European settlement.

Victoria
 The slender-billed thornbill (A. i. hedleyi) is listed as threatened on the Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988.  Under this Act, an Action Statement for the recovery and future management of this species has not been prepared.
 On the 2007 advisory list of threatened vertebrate fauna in Victoria, this species is listed as near threatened.

References

slender-billed thornbill
Birds of South Australia
Birds of Western Australia
Birds of Victoria (state)
Endemic birds of Australia
slender-billed thornbill
William Barlum Thompson (March 10, 1860 – February 12, 1941) was the Mayor of Detroit from 1907 to 1908 and again from 1911 to 1912.

Biography
William Barlum Thompson was born on March 10, 1860, in Detroit, the son of Thomas and Bridget Barlum Thompson. He graduated from the public schools of the city, and in 1876 from Goldsmith's Business University, located in Detroit.

He went into the meat-market business with his uncle Thomas Barlum, became a partner with Barlum in 1880, and set off on his own in 1882. In 1887 he married Nellie Hymes; the couple had nine children: Mary (born 1888), Kathleen (1889), Irene (1891), William Grover (1892), Francis Leo (1895), Helen M. (1897), Edna L. (1899), Edith R. (1905), and Virginia M. (1909).

Politics
William Barlum Thompson was a Democrat, and served as an alderman for two terms, from 1891 to 1894, but declined to run for a third term. However, by popular demand, he ran again in 1896 and was re-elected. In 1897, he was elected city treasurer and resigned his seat as an alderman. He served as treasurer for nine years.

He was elected mayor twice, serving in 1907-1908 and again in 1911-1912.

Later life
Thompson went into partnership with his cousin John J. Barlum, forming the Cadillac Square Improvement Company. The company constructed a number of buildings around Cadillac Square, including the Barlum Tower (now Cadillac Tower), the Barlum Hotel (now New Cadillac Square Apartments), and the Lawyers Building.

William Barlum Thompson died in Detroit on February 12, 1941.

References

External links

1860 births
1941 deaths
City and town treasurers in the United States
Detroit City Council members
Mayors of Detroit
Michigan Democrats
20th-century American politicians
In probability theory, a 2-EPT probability density function is a class of probability density functions on the real line. The class contains the density functions of all distributions that have characteristic functions that are strictly proper rational functions (i.e., the degree of the numerator is strictly less than the degree of the denominator).

Definition

A 2-EPT probability density function is a probability density function on  with a strictly proper rational characteristic function.  On either  or  these probability density functions are exponential-polynomial-trigonometric (EPT) functions.

Any EPT density function on  can be represented as

where e represents a matrix exponential,  are square matrices,  are column vectors and  are row vectors.  Similarly the EPT density function on  is expressed as 

The parameterization 
is the minimal realization of the 2-EPT function.

The general class of probability measures on  with (proper) rational characteristic functions are densities corresponding to mixtures of the pointmass at zero ("delta distribution") and 2-EPT densities. Unlike phase-type and matrix geometric distributions, the 2-EPT probability density functions are defined on the whole real line. It has been shown that the class of 2-EPT densities is closed under many operations and using minimal realizations these calculations have been illustrated for the two-sided framework in Sexton and Hanzon. The most involved operation is the convolution of 2-EPT densities using state space techniques. Much of the work centers on the ability to decompose the rational characteristic function into the sum of two rational functions with poles located in either the open left or open right half plane. The variance-gamma distribution density has been shown to be a 2-EPT density under a parameter restriction and the variance gamma process can be implemented to demonstrate the benefits of adopting such an approach for financial modelling purposes. 

It can be shown using Parseval's theorem and an isometry that approximating the discrete time rational transform is equivalent to approximating the 2-EPT density itself in the L-2 Norm sense. The rational approximation software RARL2 is used to approximate the discrete time rational characteristic function of the density.

Applications
Examples of applications  include option pricing, computing the Greeks and risk management calculations. Fitting 2-EPT density functions to empirical data has also been considered.

Notes

External links
2 - Exponential-Polynomial-Trigonometric (2-EPT) Probability Density Functions  Website for background and Matlab implementations

Types of probability distributions

ru:Распределение variance-gamma
Warm dark matter (WDM) is a hypothesized form of dark matter that has properties intermediate between those of hot dark matter and cold dark matter, causing structure formation to occur bottom-up from above their free-streaming scale, and top-down below their free streaming scale. The most common WDM candidates are sterile neutrinos and gravitinos. The WIMPs (weakly interacting massive particles), when produced non-thermally, could be candidates for warm dark matter. In general, however, the thermally produced WIMPs are cold dark matter candidates.

keVins and GeVins
One possible WDM candidate particle with a mass of a few keV comes from introducing two new, zero charge, zero lepton number fermions to the Standard Model of Particle Physics: "keV-mass inert fermions" (keVins) and "GeV-mass inert fermions" (GeVins). keVins are overproduced if they reach thermal equilibrium in the early universe, but in some scenarios the entropy production from the decays of unstable heavier particles may suppress their abundance to the correct value. These particles are considered "inert" because they only have suppressed interactions with the Z boson. 
Sterile neutrinos with masses of a few keV are possible candidates for keVins. 
At temperatures below the electroweak scale their only interactions with standard model particles are weak interactions due to their mixing with ordinary neutrinos. Due to the smallness of the mixing angle they are not overproduced because they freeze out before reaching thermal equilibrium. Their properties are consistent with astrophysical bounds coming from structure formation and the Pauli principle if their mass is larger than 1-8 keV.

In February 2014, different analyses have extracted from the spectrum of X-ray emissions observed by XMM-Newton, a monochromatic signal around 3.5 keV. This signal is coming from different galaxy clusters (like Perseus and Centaurus) and several scenarios of warm dark matter can justify such a line. We can cite, for example, a 3.5 keV candidate annihilating into 2 photons, or a 7 keV dark matter particle decaying into a photon and a neutrino.

In November 2019, analysis of the interaction of various galactic halo matter on densities and distribution of stellar streams, coming off the satellites of the Milky Way, they were able to constrain minimums of mass for density perturbations by warm dark matter keVins in the GD-1 and Pal 5 streams. This lower limit on the mass of warm dark matter thermal relics mWDM > 4.6 keV; or adding dwarf satellite counts mWDM > 6.3 keV

See also

References

 
 
 
 
 Millis, John. Warm Dark Matter. About.com. Retrieved 23 Jan., 2013. http://space.about.com/od/astronomydictionary/g/Warm-Dark-Matter.htm.

Further reading

Dark matter
Cüneyt Tanman (born 16 January 1956, in Istanbul) is a Turkish former footballer who played as a centre-back. He made 17 appearances for the Turkey national team.

With the exception of the 1975–76 season where he was loaned to Giresunspor, Tanman player for Galatasaray during his football career. He played between 1974 and 1991 and used to play most positions for the team. He played 533 games for Galatasaray, most of them as the team captain. He won the Turkish title in 1987 and 1988.

He worked as manager of Galatasaray between 2004 and 2006 and currently works as a football commentator in newspapers.

Honours

As player
Galatasaray
 Süper Lig: 1986–87, 1987–88
 Turkish Cup: 1981–82, 1984–85, 1990–91
 Turkish Super Cup: 1981–82, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1990–91
 Chancellor Cup: 1978–79, 1985–86, 1989–90
 TSYD Cup: 1978, 1982, 1988

References

Living people
1956 births
Turkish men's footballers
Men's association football central defenders
Turkey men's international footballers
Galatasaray S.K. footballers
Giresunspor footballers
Süper Lig players
Footballers from Istanbul
Flamingo Beach (, ) is the beach on Drake Passage extending 2.6 km in east-west direction and 600 m wide, situated on the north coast of Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Snow-free in summer, it is bounded by Terimer Point to the west, Orión Passage to the north, Agüedo Point to the east, Quito Glacier to the southeast and Teteven Glacier to the southwest. Proteus Lake is situated in the central part of the beach and Nereid Lake lies near its eastern end. The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.

The beach is “named after the ocean fishing trawler Flamingo of the Bulgarian company Ocean Fisheries – Burgas whose ships operated in the waters of South Georgia, Kerguelen, the South Orkney Islands, South Shetland Islands and Antarctic Peninsula from 1970 to the early 1990s.  The Bulgarian fishermen, along with those of the Soviet Union, Poland and East Germany are the pioneers of modern Antarctic fishing industry.”

Location
Flamingo Beach is centred at .  Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009.

Maps
 L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
 L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Smith Island. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2017; updated 2018.
 Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.

Notes

References
 Flamingo Beach. SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica.
 Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)

External links
 Flamingo Beach. Copernix satellite image

Beaches of the South Shetland Islands
Ocean Fisheries – Burgas Co 
Bulgaria and the Antarctic
Turkey: Empire of Erdogan is a 2023 two-part documentary series aired by BBC Two before the 2023 Turkish general election. It explores the 20-year political career of President of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, and the impact on Turkey. Events covered include the Gezi Park protests and the Susurluk car crash. The two episodes were narrated by David Morrissey.

See also 
India: The Modi Question

References 

2023 British television series debuts
2023 British television series endings
2020s British documentary television series
BBC television documentaries about politics
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
2020s English-language films
Documentary films about Turkey
Films set in Turkey
Philip Russell Rea, 2nd Baron Rea, PC (7 February 1900 – 22 April 1981) was a British hereditary peer, Liberal politician and merchant banker.

The eldest son of Walter Rea, a Liberal politician, and his first wife, Evelyn, Rea was educated at Westminster School, and then at Christ Church, Oxford University, where he graduated BA and later MA, and lastly at the University of Grenoble.

In 1918, during the closing stages of the First World War, he served as a second lieutenant in the Grenadier Guards. During the Second World War he returned to the British Army and served as personal staff officer to Brigadier Colin Gubbins, Head of the Special Operations Executive, a key British intelligence and guerrilla operations agency. He was an officer of the King's Royal Rifle Corps.

Lord Rea served as Leader of the Liberal Party in the House of Lords from 1955 to 1967. In the Lords he had been Chief Liberal Whip from 1950 to 1955, a Deputy Speaker from 1954, and Deputy Chairman of Committees 1950 to 1955. He was president of the Liberal Party between 1955 and 1956, and a party vice-president from 1970. He was made a Privy Councillor in 1962.

Rea married Lorna Smith (died 11 December 1978) on 7 April 1922. They had a son and daughter, but as his son Piers Russell Rea (1925–1934) died young, he was succeeded by Nicolas Rea, the son of his younger brother James Russell Rea (1902–1954).

His daughter, the Hon. Ann Felicity Rea (born 1923) served in the WRNS in the Second World War and married SOE veteran Malcolm Munthe in 1945.

References
Burke's Peerage and Baronetage (105th edition, 1970)

External links 
 

1900 births
1981 deaths
Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
British Army personnel of World War I
British Army personnel of World War II
Grenadier Guards officers
King's Royal Rifle Corps officers
Leaders of the Liberal Party (UK)
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
People educated at Westminster School, London
Presidents of the Liberal Party (UK)
British Special Operations Executive personnel
The Artisans' and Labourers' Dwellings Improvement Act 1875 (38 & 39 Vict. c. 36) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom designed by Richard Cross, Home Secretary during Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli's second Conservative Government, which involved allowing local councils to buy up areas of slum dwellings in order to clear and then rebuild them. It formed part of Disraeli's social reform initiative aimed at the "elevation of the people" (the working class), a policy stated in his 1872 speeches at Manchester and Crystal Palace, and associated with his doctrine of One Nation Conservatism. Also, key individuals, such as the philanthropist Octavia Hill, helped pressurise the government into passing the Act.

Terms
 Compel owners of slum dwelling to sell to councils, who must provide compensation.
 Take advantage of lower than normal interest rates from the Government.
 Demolish the areas of slum housing to be redeveloped by commercial builders.

Importance 
Considered one of the most significant Acts of Disraeli's administration (he said it was their "chief measure") the Act was a classic example of permissive legislation that typified Disraeli's social policy. Councils were not compelled to take action and, due to the obvious cost involved, few did. In fact, by 1881, only 10 out of 87 towns in England and Wales used their permitted powers. The most notable major redevelopment occurred in Birmingham under the Prominent, Radical Liberal Member of Parliament, Joseph Chamberlain, founder of the National Liberal Federation. There, it led to the creation of Corporation Street; overall, however, it proved ineffective.

Permissiveness
The Act was permissive, mainly for the protection of property rights. Many felt the Act was an infringement of such rights, including many within the party, who pressured Richard Cross against making it compulsory. Also, it may have been seen to be an attack on landlords, traditional Tory voters. As well, it was passed in a time that the government adopted a predominantly laissez-faire attitude to politics. Disraeli proclaimed in June 1875: "Permissive legislation is the characteristic of a free people".

See also
Back-to-back houses

References
Glen, Alexander. The Artizans' and Labourers' Dwellings Improvement Act, 1875: With Introduction, Notes, Appendix of Statutes and Forms, and Index. Re-issued with the Artizans' and Labourers' Dwellings Improvement Act, 1879. Knight & Co. Fleet Street, London. 1880. Google Books.
Paterson, William. "Artisans Dwellings Act". The Practical Statutes of the Session 1875. Law Times Office. Wellington Street, Strand, London. 1875. Pages 147 to 180.
"Artisans Dwellings" in "Abstracts of Important Acts of Parliament". Companion to the Almanac, or, Year-Book of General Information for the Year 1876. (The British Almanac). Printed for the Company of Stationers. London. 1876. Pages 243 and 244.

United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1875
Public housing in the United Kingdom
Slums in Europe
Housing legislation in the United Kingdom
Gerard Johnson may refer to:

Gerard Johnson (musician) (born 1963), British keyboard player best known for his work with Saint Etienne and The Syn
Gerard Johnson (sculptor), Anglo-Dutch artist of the 17th century best known for his memorial to Shakespeare
Gerard Johnson the elder (died 1611), Dutch sculptor
Gerard Johnson (director), British film director of the films Tony (2009) and Hyena (2014)

See also
Gerald Johnson (disambiguation)
Jerry Johnson (disambiguation)
Billy Shilton (born 9 October 1998) is a British Paralympic table tennis player. He won bronze in the Men's team – Class 8 at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo.

References

Living people
1998 births
Sportspeople from Gloucester
Table tennis players at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic bronze medalists for Great Britain
English male table tennis players
Paralympic table tennis players for Great Britain