Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
, Japanese stirrups, were used in Japan as early as the 5th century, and were a necessary component along with the Japanese saddle (kura) for the use of horses in warfare. Abumi became the type of stirrup used by the samurai class of feudal Japan.

History 
Early abumi were flat-bottomed rings of metal-covered wood, similar to European stirrups.  The earliest known examples were excavated from tombs.  Cup-shaped stirrups (tsubo abumi) that enclosed the front half of the rider's foot eventually replaced the earlier design.

During the Nara period, the base of the stirrup which supported the rider's sole was elongated past the toe cup.  This half-tongued style of stirrup (hanshita abumi) remained in use until the late Heian period (794 to 1185) when a new stirrup was developed. The  fukuro abumi or musashi abumi had a base that extended the full length of the rider's foot and the right and left sides of the toe cup were removed.  The open sides were designed to prevent the rider from catching a foot in the stirrup and being dragged.

The military version of this open-sided stirrup, called the shitanaga abumi, was in use by the middle Heian period.  It was thinner, had a deeper toe pocket and an even longer and flatter foot shelf.  It is not known why the Japanese developed this unique style of stirrup, but this stirrup stayed in use until European style-stirrups were introduced in the late 19th century. The abumi had a distinctive swan-like shape, curved up and backward at the front so as to bring the loop for the leather strap over the instep and achieve a correct balance. Most of the surviving specimens from this period are made entirely of iron, inlaid with designs of silver or other materials, and covered with lacquer. In some cases, there is an iron rod from the loop to the footplate near the heel to prevent the foot from slipping out. The footplates are occasionally perforated to let out water when crossing rivers, and these types are called suiba abumi. There are also abumi with holes in the front forming sockets for a lance or banner.

Gallery

References

External links

Stirrups
Samurai weapons and equipment
Pariah is a 1998 American dramatic film written and directed by Randolph Kret and starring Damon Jones, Dave Oren Ward, and Angela Jones.

Synopsis
The gang-rape by a group of neo-Nazis of an African American woman, Sam (Elexa Williams), triggers her suicide. Her caucasian boyfriend Steve (Damon Jones) finds little recourse other than to plot revenge, and decides to infiltrate the gang. As a member he gains insight into the factors behind the neo-Nazi movement, but he is eventually confronted with the choice of committing a murder to prove his loyalty or reveal his cover.

Cast

Production
Randolph Kret wrote and directed the film which is based on an incident from the life of a friend. The Scott Grusin film score includes songs by anti-racist hardcore bands Minor Threat, Social Unrest and the Wives.

Reception and review
Roger Ebert wrote that "Godard said that one way to criticize a movie is to make another movie. Pariah, a raw and unblinking look at the skinhead subculture, is a movie I'd like to show to those admirers of Fight Club who have assured me of their movie's greatness."  Ebert gave the film three out of four stars. The Los Angeles Times called the film "a volatile, edgy picture of strong visceral impact."TV Guide called it a "well-meaning but ridiculous revenge drama".  Bill Gibron of DVD Talk rated it 3/5 stars and wrote that while the film is realistic, it may not entertain viewers. In a negative review, Michael Atkinson of The Village Voice wrote, "Kret clearly has his heart in the right place: Hate Is Bad. If only being right were all you needed." On Rotten Tomatoes the film has a rating of 47% from seventeen reviews.

New York Times reviewer A. O. Scott commented that the theme of an "ordinary, tolerant white person going undercover into a world of extreme race-hatred" was a promising one and adds that the movie opens with a voiceover of the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. warning that "racism is a sickness unto death". He compares Pariah to the 1988 Constantin Costa-Gavras film Betrayed starring Debra Winger and Tom Berenger which had a similar plot. He also wrote, "Racist extremism is a problem. We need movies that address it. Chances are you already agree with these propositions. All Pariah succeeds in doing is screaming them at you, at maximum volume, over and over and over."

Release
The Randolph Kret written and directed film was screened at the 1998 Slamdance Film Festival before a limited theater release.

Home media
The film was released on DVD on July 11, 2006.

References

External links
 
 
 

1998 films
1998 drama films
American drama films
American independent films
Films about dysfunctional families
Films about race and ethnicity
Films about racism
Films set in Los Angeles
Films shot in Los Angeles
American gang films
Films about neo-Nazism
Skinhead films
1990s gang films
1998 directorial debut films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films
Bignall may refer to:

Bignall (surname)
Bignall End, a small village in North Staffordshire
Bignall Hill, Staffordshire
Bignall FC, a football club based in Rotherham

See also 
 Bagnall (disambiguation)
 Bignell (disambiguation)
Porur Lake is located on the fringes of Porur in south-west Chennai and is a primary water resource for people residing in Chennai. It is a temporary catchment area connected with Chembarambakkam Lake. It is spread over 200 acres with a capacity of 46 million cubic feet (mcft).

There are four filters working 24x7 to pump water to K. K. Nagar double tank distribution point. Bathing, washing and/or swimming is currently prohibited in this lake from 1995. A better view of the lake can be appreciated from the Chennai bypass.

In 2012, the Water Resources Department initiated a project to increase the capacity the tank along with two other lakes in the city at a cost of  130 crore. This would deepen the lake by at least 1 m and increases the capacity to 70 mcft.

History
The lake was home to a large number of residential settlements prior to 2006, when the Government of Tamil Nadu ordered the demolition of these settlements as a part of its lake restoration initiative. The demolitions forced the eviction of about 10,700 families, some of whom were relocated to sites as far as Collector Nagar,
located in the Tiruvallur District, and Nallur, located in the Kancheepuram District.

Gallery

See also

Water management in Chennai

References 

 
 

Lakes of Tamil Nadu
Lakes of Chennai
Irish Association of Youth Science Groups (IAYSG) was an association of disparate science groups in Ireland in the 1980s.

The IAYSG was founded in 1982 and met regularly in Thomas Prior House in the Royal Dublin Society (RDS) in Ballsbridge, Dublin, Ireland.

In the early 1990s the IAYSG became Youth Science Ireland (YSI), ), with the aim of the new organisation being to promote science amongst young people, and to promote the interests of its members.  YSI is or was a member of: AONTAS, the Irish national adult learning organisation; Youth and Environment Europe (YEE); the European Youth Science Network (EURYSN); the International Movement for Leisure Activities in Science and Technology (MILSET, ); and the International Network for Information on Science and Technology Education (INISTE). Science Link is the newsletter published by YSI.

References

External links

Organizations established in 1982
Youth organisations based in the Republic of Ireland
1982 establishments in Ireland
Victoria E. Morales is an American attorney and politician from Maine. She is the representative for Maine House District 33. She is on the Ethics committee and the Criminal Justice and Public Safety committee. She ran uncontested in the 2020 House election.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
University of Maine alumni
21st-century American politicians
Women state legislators in Maine
Democratic Party members of the Maine House of Representatives
Politicians from South Portland, Maine
21st-century American women politicians
The United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1898 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 8, 1898. Republicans took an open Democratic seat and defeated the two Populist incumbents.

Overview

Delegation Composition

Results

District 1

District 2

District 3

District 4

District 5

District 6

District 7

See also
56th United States Congress
Political party strength in California
Political party strength in U.S. states
United States House of Representatives elections, 1898

References
California Elections Page 
Office of the Clerk of the House of Representatives

External links
California Legislative District Maps (1911-Present) 
RAND California Election Returns: District Definitions 

1898
California
United States House of Representatives
Bishanopliosaurus is a genus of plesiosaur. The type species is B. youngi, based on remains found in the Ziliujing Formation of China.

Description

Bishanopliosaurus was a small plesiosaur, measuring  long and weighing . It can be differentiated by the bifurcated ribs of its sacrum. Unusually, it appears to be a freshwater plesiosaur. A second species, B. zigongensis, is known from the slightly later Xiashaximiao Formation.

See also

 Timeline of plesiosaur research
 List of plesiosaurs

References

Plesiosaurs of Asia
Early Jurassic plesiosaurs
Fossils of China
Fossil taxa described in 1980
Toarcian genera
Sauropterygian genera
Stephanie Burgis (born May 28, 1977) is an American fantasy writer for both children and adults.

Biography
Though born in East Lansing, Michigan, in 1977, Burgis is based in Wales along with husband Patrick Samphire and their sons. Burgis went to Michigan State University, studied music history and French horn performance in the Oberlin Conservatory of Music and then completed a year as a Fulbright scholar in Vienna. Burgis went on to get a master's in historical musicology from the University of Pittsburgh and in 2002 she moved to the UK and began a PhD in the University of Leeds on the topic of opera and politics in 18th-century Vienna. The research led to her book Masks and Shadows. She also spent time in orchestras before she settled in the UK.

In 1996 Burgis was assistant to the Clarion workshop director and in 2001 she attended Clarion West. In 2011 she won the inaugural Waverton Good Read Children's Award for her novel A Most Improper Magick. She has a prolific list of works both novels and short stories as well as articles. Burgis has published in Strange Horizons, Daily Science Fiction, and Beneath Ceaseless Skies and others.

Bibliography
 Good Neighbors (2022) 
 Deadly Courtesies (2022) 
 Fine Deceptions (2022) 
 Fierce Company (2022) 
 Scales and Sensibility (2021)
 The Dragon with a Chocolate Heart (2017)
 The Girl with the Dragon Heart (2018)
 The Princess Who Flew with Dragons (2019)
 Spellswept (2018) 
 Snowspelled (2017) 
 Thornbound (2019)
 Moontangled (2020) 
 Spellcloaked (2021) 
 The Raven Heir (2021)
 A Most Improper Magick (2010) 
 A Tangle of Magicks (2011) 
 A Reckless Magick (2012) 
 Courting Magic (2014) 
 Masks and Shadows (2016)
 Congress of Secrets (2016)

Sources

1977 births
Writers from Michigan
Michigan State University alumni
Oberlin Conservatory of Music alumni
University of Pittsburgh alumni
People from East Lansing, Michigan
Living people
Millhurst is an unincorporated community located within Manalapan Township in Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Route 33 and County Route 527 (Sweetmans Lane) pass through the center of Millhurst. Much of the area consists of businesses along the aforementioned arterial roads with the Millhurst Mill at the CR 527 crossing of Manalapan Brook. The mill is a former grist mill built in the 1700s, rebuilt in the 1800s as a more efficient mill, and turned into a family business by Bernard Hochberg in 1925.

References

Neighborhoods in Manalapan Township, New Jersey
Unincorporated communities in Monmouth County, New Jersey
Unincorporated communities in New Jersey
Clare-Digby was a provincial electoral district in  Nova Scotia, Canada, that elected one member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. The riding was created in 2012 with 100 per cent of the former district of Clare and 76 per cent of the former district of Digby-Annapolis. It encompasses all of Digby County and consists of the Municipality of Clare, the Town of Digby, and the Municipality of the District of Digby. The riding is home to the province's only French-language university, Université Sainte-Anne at Church Point, and North America's oldest Acadian festival. Lobster and scallop catches in St. Mary's Bay and along the Fundy coast are critical to the economy.

Members of the Legislative Assembly
This riding has elected the following Members of the Legislative Assembly:

Election results

|-

|Liberal
|Gordon Wilson
|align="right"| 5,122
|align="right"| 54.68
|align="right"| N/A
|-

|Progressive Conservative
|Paul Emile LeBlanc
|align="right"| 2,911
|align="right"| 31.08
|align="right"| N/A
|-

|New Democratic Party
|Dean Kenley
|align="right"| 842
|align="right"| 8.99
|align="right"| N/A
|-

|Independent
|Ian Thurber
|align="right"| 492
|align="right"| 5.25
|align="right"| N/A
|-

|-
|}

References

External links
 2013 riding profile

Nova Scotia provincial electoral districts
Ints is a Latvian masculine given name. It is a short form of Indriķis, the Latvian form of Henry, and may refer to:
 Ints Cālītis  (born 1931), Latvian politician and former political prisoner
 Ints Dālderis (born 1971), Latvian clarinetist and politician, Minister of Culture of Latvia
 Ints Ķuzis (borh 1962), Latvian policeman, police general and former commander in-chief of Latvian Police
 Ints Teterovskis (born 1972), Latvian conductor

Latvian masculine given names
Masculine given names
kwaNgwanase, also known as Kosi Bay Town, is a small town in Umkhanyakude District Municipality in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. It is located some 15 km south of the Mozambique–South Africa border, and is situated near Kosi Bay.

Communications
The Manguzi Wireless Internet is a project that provides Internet access, e-mail and learning
resources to schools where no telecommunications infrastructure exists utilising a unique combination of radio and satellite broadcasting technologies.

Healthcare
Manguzi Hospital, founded by the Methodist Church in 1948, is a 280-bed District (level 1) hospital, managed by the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health.

References

Populated places in the Umhlabuyalingana Local Municipality
The 1952 Soviet Chess Championship was the 20th edition of the USSR Chess Championship. Held from 29 November to 29 December 1952 in Moscow. The tournament was won by Mikhail Botvinnik. Botvinnik and Mark Taimanov had a play-off match of six games in February 1953, which ended with the victory of Botvinnik 3½-2½, so bringing him his
seventh title. The final were preceded by quarter-finals events and four semifinals (at Leningrad, Minsk, Riga and Sochi). For the first time in such events players were forbidden to agree a draw in under 30 moves unless they could get the arbiter's consent.

Table and results

Play-off match

References 

USSR Chess Championships
Championship
Chess
1952 in chess
Chess
Euchaetidae is a family of marine copepods. The family is cosmopolitan and occurs in all the oceans, including the Southern and Arctic Oceans. Euchaetidae are medium to large-sized copepods.

Genera
There are two genera with in total 114 species:

Ecology
Euchaeta are mostly epipelagic whereas Paraeuchaeta are mostly bathypelagic. Where more than one species occurs, congeneric species (or life stages of a single species, as observed for Paraeuchaeta antarctica) may partition the water column, whereas species representing different genera that occur at similar depths differ in dietary preferences.

Paraeuchaeta can be important predators of fish larvae. Their mode of predation is "drift and wait". The dominant euchaetid in the Southern Ocean is Paraeuchaeta antarctica. It is a dominant predator there, and its fatty acid profile suggests that it mostly preys upon herbivorous calanid copepods. In the Weddell Sea, it contributes as much as 11–18% to total mesozooplankton biomass.

Life cycle
Paraeuchaeta antarctica has a one-year life-cycle around the Kerguelen Islands.

References

Calanoida
Crustacean families
Limpach may refer to several places:

Limpach, Luxembourg, in the commune of Reckange-sur-Mess
Limpach (Bodensee), in the district of Bodensee, Baden-Württemberg
Limpach, Switzerland, in the Canton of Bern
Limpach (river) that flows down to the Emme river.
Juvva () is a 2018 Telugu-language action masala film directed by Trikoti Peta and starring Ranjith  Somi and Palak Lalwani in the lead roles.

Cast 
 Ranjith Somi as Rana 
Palak Lalwani as Shruthi aka Aadhya
Ranjith Velayudhan as Basavaraj Patil
Murali Sharma as CI Viswanath, Shruthi's uncle
Sana as Viswanath's wife
Ali as Dr Alia Bhatt
Anand as Sivakrishna Hegde, Shruthi's father
Saptagiri as Rana's friend
Posani Krishna Murali as Pydiraju
Surekha Vani as Shyamala, Pydiraju's wife
Raghu Babu as Bhogam
Kalpalatha as Bhogam's wife
Prabhakar as Bhikshupati
Prabhas Sreenu as a goon
Himaja 
Bhadram

Production 
The film began production under the name JinthTha Tha, but S. S. Rajamouli and M. M. Keeravani advised the director to change the title because of its similarity to a song from Vikramarkudu (2006) will make the audience think that the film stars Ravi Teja. Debutant Ranjith Somi,  who previously starred in Nuvvu Nenu Okkatavudam, was signed as the main actor. The film is produced by Ranjith Somi's brother, Bharath Somi. Malayalam actor Arjun plays a negative role in this film, which will mark his Telugu debut. Chiranjeevi released the film's teaser.

Soundtrack

Release 
Telangana Today wrote that "Even after being a sensible story, direction and screenplay fail to turn the movie into a gripping one".

References

External links 

Indian action films
2010s masala films
Films scored by M. M. Keeravani
2018 action films
2018 films
Hemopneumothorax, or haemopneumothorax, is the condition of having both air (pneumothorax) and blood (hemothorax) in the chest cavity. A hemothorax, pneumothorax, or the combination of both can occur due to an injury to the lung or chest.

Cause
The pleural space is located anatomically between the visceral membrane, which is firmly attached to the lungs, and the parietal membrane which is firmly attached to the chest wall (a.k.a. ribcage and intercostal muscles, muscles between the ribs).  The pleural space contains pleural fluid.  This fluid holds the two membranes together by surface tension, as much as a drop of water between two sheets of glass prevents them from separating.  Because of this, when the intercostal muscles move the ribcage outward, the lungs are pulled out as well, dropping the pressure in the lungs and pulling air into the bronchi, when we 'breathe in'.  The pleural space is maintained in a constant state of negative pressure (in comparison to atmospheric pressure).

If the chest wall, and thus the pleural space, is punctured, blood, air or both can enter the pleural space.  Air and/or blood rushes into the space in order to equalise the pressure with that of the atmosphere.  As a result, the fluid is disrupted and the two membranes no longer adhere to each other.  When the rib cage moves out, it no longer pulls the lungs with it.  Thus the lungs cannot expand, the pressure in the lungs never drops and no air is pulled into the bronchi.  Respiration is not possible.  The affected lung, which has a great deal of elastic tissue, shrivels in what is referred to as a collapsed lung.

Diagnosis
If you have an injury or trauma to your chest, your doctor may order a chest X-ray to help see if fluid or air is building up within the chest cavity.

Other diagnostic tests may also be performed to further evaluate the fluid in around the lungs, for instance a chest CT scan or an ultrasound. An ultrasound of the chest will show the amount of fluid and its exact location.

Treatment
Treatment for this condition is the same as for hemothorax and pneumothorax independently: by tube thoracostomy, the insertion of a chest drain through an incision made between the ribs, into the intercostal space.  A chest tube must be inserted to drain blood and air from the pleural space so it can return to a state of negative pressure and function normally.

Commonly, surgery is needed to close off whatever injuries caused the blood and air to enter the cavity (e.g. stabbing, broken ribs).

See also
 Catamenial pneumothorax
 Tension pneumothorax
 Pulmonary contusion

References

External links 

Chest trauma
Disorders of fascia
Medical emergencies
Diseases of pleura
Jesper Christensen (; born 16 May 1948) is a Danish actor. A veteran of European cinema, he has more recently made the transition to English language projects, including The Interpreter and Revelations. He has also appeared as the mysterious villain Mr. White in the James Bond films Casino Royale, Quantum of Solace, and Spectre.

In his home country, Christensen has won four Bodil Awards, three for Best Actor: Did Somebody Laugh? (1978), The Bench (2000), and Manslaughter (2005), and one for Best Supporting Actor: Barbara (1997).

In 2006, Jesper Christensen declined the offer to receive the Knight's Cross of the Order of the Dannebrog. He said that he thought the entire idea of monarchy is a crime against the members of the royal family, and it does not fit with modern ideas.

Filmography

Film

References

External links
 
Official website

1948 births
Danish male film actors
Living people
Best Supporting Actor Guldbagge Award winners
Best Actor Bodil Award winners
21st-century Danish male actors
20th-century Danish male actors
Male actors from Copenhagen
Best Actor Robert Award winners
XHFTI-FM is a radio station on 89.5 FM in Fortín de las Flores, Veracruz, Mexico, serving the Córdoba market. It is owned by Multimedios Radio and carries its La Lupe variety hits format.

History
XHFTI received its concession on January 31, 1994. It was owned by Susana Rodríguez Díaz and was part of the Grupo FM Multimedios family. It was sold to Frecuencia Modulada de Fortín in 2000 and raised its power from 3 kW to 60.

It was known as "Láser 89" until 2008, when the station became a franchise of the Los 40 Principales pop format. This lasted until December 2011, and after an interregnum of being called "89.5 FM", the station rebranded as Vive FM on May 7, 2012.

In late 2015, Grupo FM split into two concerns owned by different parts of the same family, Grupo FM and Radio Networks; RN owned the latter station along with XHRN-FM and XHTD-FM and programmed all three stations with a tropical music format known as Más Latina. 

On August 17, 2017, XHFTI flipped to the La Caliente grupera format, beginning an association with Multimedios Radio. Multimedios bought the station outright in a transaction approved by the Federal Telecommunications Institute in November 2018.

All three Multimedios stations in Veracruz flipped from La Caliente to La Lupe on November 6, 2020.

References

Radio stations in Veracruz
Radio stations established in 1994
Multimedios Radio
1994 establishments in Mexico
Spanish-language radio stations