Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The Breadknife is a volcanic dyke in New South Wales, Australia. It is nearly 90 metres high, but often is only 4 m wide, which is particularly rare. The Breadknife was part of a large shield volcano, that first erupted about 17 million years ago and stopped about 13 million years ago. It is composed of peralkaline trachyte.

Nearby volcanic remnants include the Belougery Spire, Belougery Split Rock, Crater Bluff, Bluff Mountain and Mount Exmouth. A network of walking tracks are used to access the steep mountains and ridges surrounding the dyke. The shortest walk completely around the Breadknife is hard and steep, taking roughly five hours to complete.

Origin Story
A huge shield-shaped volcano formed as volcanic explosions occurred over millions of years.  This shield volcano rose about 1,000 m and is now largely eroded, forming the Warrumbungles. The Breadknife was formed when hot magma spread through a soft rock. When the magma solidified and became harder than the soft rock, erosion exposed a dyke.

In popular culture
Part of the video for singer David Bowie's 1983 single "Let's Dance", took place in sight of The Breadknife.

The village in the anime "Adventures of the Little Koala", took place within the shadow of The Breadknife.

See also

List of volcanoes in Australia
Warrumbungle National Park

References

Volcanism of Australia
Extinct volcanism
Miocene volcanism
Igneous intrusions
Patvakan Barkhudaryan () was an Armenian film director and a People's Artist of the Armenian SSR (1940)

Filmography
The Savur Grave (1926) (as actor)
Evil Spirit (1927)
Funeral of A. Spendiarov (1928)
Five Right in the Target (1928)
The Sixteenth (1928)
Under the Black Wing (1930)
Kikos (1931)
Two Nights (1932)
Kurds-Yezids (1932)
A Child of Sun (1933)
Mountain Stream (1939)
Armenian Film-Concert (1941)
The Guardsman's Wife (1943) 
Second Armenian Film-Concert (1946)

References

External links

Armenian film directors
1898 births
1948 deaths
People from Stepanavan
People's Artists of Armenia
Yankee Doodle Dandy was a hamburger restaurant chain started in Bensenville, Illinois in December 1966 by brothers Chris and Bill Proyce as the Yankee Doodle House. The chain had as many as 27 restaurants, 7 company owned and the rest franchised, in the Chicago area by 1976.  Yankee Doodle had restaurants on 125th and Burleigh streets in Brookfield, Wis. and at 1119 N. La Grange Road in La Grange Park, Illinois during the 1970s. (The La Grange Park site is now a dry cleaner.) The buildings had a red, white and blue motif. Their slogan in the early 1970s was "Come On Down Where The Good Times Are! Yankee Doodle Dandy!" Their T.V. ads featured an attractive woman in a 1776 "Betsy Ross" style costume.    The restaurant had a design and menu similar to Burger Chef and Burger King. According to some sources, the chain went out of business in the early 1980s.

Starting in 1981, the Proyce family decide to withdraw from the fast food industry and refocus their efforts in casual dining restaurant and bar industry through the conversion of two of the company owned Yankee Doodles in Elmhurst and Arlington Heights into the new Bailey's Restaurant & Bar concept while closing the rest of the fast food operations. Eventually a total of four Bailey's Restaurant & Bar were opened by 1988. The last remaining Bailey's Restaurant & Bar (as of Aug. 2020)  is at 17731 Oak Park Ave. #A, Tinley Park, Illinois

See also
 List of defunct fast-food restaurant chains
 List of defunct restaurants of the United States

References

External links
 Yankee Doodle Dandy TV Commercial

Restaurants in Illinois
Defunct restaurant chains in the United States
Restaurants established in 1966
Fast-food franchises
1966 establishments in Illinois
In auction theory, particularly Bayesian-optimal mechanism design, a virtual valuation of an agent is a function that measures the surplus that can be extracted from that agent.

A typical application is a seller who wants to sell an item to a potential buyer and wants to decide on the optimal price. The optimal price depends on the valuation of the buyer to the item, . The seller does not know   exactly, but he assumes that  is a random variable, with some cumulative distribution function  and probability distribution function . 

The virtual valuation of the agent is defined as:

Applications 
A key theorem of Myerson says that:
The expected profit of any truthful mechanism is equal to its expected virtual surplus.

In the case of a single buyer, this implies that the price  should be determined according to the equation:

This guarantees that the buyer will buy the item, if and only if his virtual-valuation is weakly-positive, so the seller will have a weakly-positive expected profit.

This exactly equals the optimal sale price – the price that maximizes the expected value of the seller's profit, given the distribution of valuations:

Virtual valuations can be used to construct Bayesian-optimal mechanisms also when there are multiple buyers, or different item-types.

Examples 
1. The buyer's valuation has a continuous uniform distribution in . So:
 
 
 
 , so the optimal single-item price is 1/2.

2. The buyer's valuation has a normal distribution with mean 0 and standard deviation 1.  is monotonically increasing, and crosses the x-axis in about 0.75, so this is the optimal price. The crossing point moves right when the standard deviation is larger.

Regularity 
A probability distribution function is called regular if its virtual-valuation function is weakly-increasing. Regularity is important because it implies that the virtual-surplus can be maximized by a truthful mechanism.

A sufficient condition for regularity is monotone hazard rate, which means that the following function is weakly-increasing:

Monotone-hazard-rate implies regularity, but the opposite is not true.

The proof is simple: the monotone hazard rate implies  is weakly increasing in  and therefore the virtual valuation  is strictly  increasing in .

See also 
 Myerson ironing
 Algorithmic pricing

References 

Mechanism design
Plectris aliena is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is found in Australia, North America, and South America.

References

Further reading

 

Melolonthinae
Articles created by Qbugbot
Beetles described in 1934
Theil may refer to:

Archaic variant spelling of German for 'part' (modern High German "Teil"), for example "Erster Theil etlicher Choräle"

People with surname Theil 
 Anders Theil (1970), Danish football manager
 Henri Theil (1924-2000), Dutch econometrician
 Georges Theil (born 1940), French politician
 Pernille Rosenkrantz-Theil (1977), former member of Danish parliament

See also 
Theil index, a statistical algorithm used to measure economic inequality
Theil–Sen estimator, a statistical linear graph method
Theil's U, a measure of nominal association also known as the uncertainty coefficient principle
Le Theil, a French commune name
Thiel, an etymologically related (and commonly misspelled variant) surname

German-language surnames
Danish-language surnames
Dutch-language surnames
The following is a list of mayors of the city of Kremenchuk, Ukraine. It includes positions equivalent to mayor, such as chairperson of the city council executive committee.

Mayors 

 , 1900–1903, 1906–1908, 1916–1917
 Gusev Pavlo Hryhorovych, 1909, 1911-1916
 , 1917
 Smirnov Dmitry Petrovich, 1918
 Bromberg Moses Akimovich, 1918
 Vyazmitinov Mykola Oleksandrovych, 1918
 Boguslavsky Mikhail Solomonovich, 1919
 , 1920
 Serbichenko Alexander Kalistratovich, 1920-1922
 , 1927
 Kaptsevich Alexander Savich, 1928-1929
 Fusik Fedor Alekseevich, 1934-1935
 Lagno Hryhoriy Stepanovych, 1940-1941
 Stoletsky Alexander Ivanovich, 1941
 , 1943-1945
 Gavrilov Mykola Dmitrovich, 1945-1949
 Violinist Dmitry Petrovich, 1949-1961
 Kozharin Mykhailo Oleksiiovych, 1962-1970
 Matvienko Victor Vasilyevich, 1970-1979
 , 1979-1980
 Verbin Anatoliy Vasyliovych, 1980-1986
 Litvinenko Anatoliy Kuzmich, 1986-1990
 Balanyuk Victor Nikolaevich, 1990
 , 1990–1994, 1995-1998
 Bilan Leonid Nikolaevich, 1994-1995
 , 1998-2000
 , 2000-2010
 , 2010-2014
 Kalashnik Victor Vasilyevich, 2014-2015
 , 2015-

See also
 Kremenchuk history
 History of Kremenchuk (in Ukrainian)

References

 
History of Poltava Oblast
Kremenchuk
John Alexander Charles Hamill ( – ) was a Major League Baseball pitcher who played one season for the Washington Nationals of the American Association.

Professional career

Washington Nationals
Hamill made his Major League debut on May 1, 1884 with the Nationals. He would go on to start all 19 games he played for Washington. He compiled an ERA of 4.48 with two wins, 17 losses and 50 strikeouts. Hamill played his final game with the Nationals on July 31, 1884. He had never played professional baseball prior to joining the Nationals nor did he play it after.

External links
Career statistics and player information at Baseball Almanac and Baseball-Reference.

1860 births
1911 deaths
Baseball players from New York City
Washington Nationals (AA) players
19th-century baseball players
The following articles list Italian football transfers in 2007-08:

List of Italian football transfers 2007-08 (co-ownership)
List of Italian football transfers Summer 2007
List of Italian football transfers Winter 2007-08

Transfers
The Dez River (), the ancient Coprates (;  or Κοπράτας), is a tributary of the Karun River and is 400 km long. It is the site of the Dez Dam.

References 

Rivers of Khuzestan Province
Landforms of Khuzestan Province
Billy Kershaw is a professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s. He played at club level for Stanley Rangers ARLFC, Dewsbury Rams (two spells), and Sheffield Eagles, as a .

References

External links
Stanley Rangers ARLFC - Roll of Honour

Dewsbury Rams players
Living people
English rugby league players
Place of birth missing (living people)
Rugby league second-rows
Sheffield Eagles players
Year of birth missing (living people)
World Chagas Disease Day is observed on April 14 to raise awareness around Chagas disease. It was first celebrated on April 14, 2020, and was named after Carlos Ribeiro Justiniano Chagas, the Brazilian doctor who diagnosed the first case on April 14, 1909. World Chagas Disease Day was approved for creation on May 24, 2019, at the 72nd session of the World Health Assembly, and officially created at the WHA plenary on May 28, 2019.
The proposal for a World Chagas Disease Day was instituted by the International Federation of Associations of People Affected by Chagas Disease, and was supported by several health institutions, universities, research centres, organizations and foundations.

"An annual day celebrated at global level is bound to attract international attention," said Dr Pedro Albajar Viñas, WHO Medical Officer (Chagas disease). "These days can help to provide visibility and commit countries to enhance control interventions for a disease that has remained largely neglected, but still present in many countries." Celebrating World Chargas Disease Day provides a unique opportunity to express a voice in favor of this disease.

World Chagas Disease Day is one of 11 official global public health campaigns marked by the World Health Organization (WHO), along with World Tuberculosis Day, World Health Day, World Malaria Day,  World Immunization Week, World No Tobacco Day, World Blood Donor Day, World Hepatitis Day, World Patient Safety Day, World Antimicrobial Awareness Week and World AIDS Day.

References 

Recurring events established in 2020
Chagas disease
Health awareness days

External links 
 World Health Organization page
The go-devil was a simple one-horse sled used for hauling trees in logging. Ralph C. Bryant describes it in his pioneering textbook Logging (1913) as follows:

The go-devil is a product of the camp blacksmith shop. It is a rough sled having two unshod hardwood runners, which are preferably of yellow birch, selected from timbers having a natural crook. The usual type of runner is from 6 to 7.5 feet long, 6 inches wide, and from 3 to 5 inches thick. A 6-inch by 6-inch by 4-foot or 5-foot bunk is fastened to each runner by a bolt. The bunk is placed from 2 to 2.5 feet from the rear end of the runners. A ring is attached to the center of this bunk and the logs are bound on the latter by a chain passing around the logs and bunk and through the ring. The curved, forward ends of the runners are connected by a roller which has a short chain at each end that passes through a hole in the forward end of the runner and is fastened several inches back on it. 
Since the go-devil has no tongue it can be turned around in a small space. The draft rigging consists of chains fastened to either side of the bunk or to the runners. The chains are brought forward and joined directly in front of the roller by a ring to which the hook on the double-tree is attached.

Since go-devils are loosely constructed, there is considerable backward and forward play in the runners and if one of them becomes obstructed the other moves ahead and starts it.

Go-devils are seldom used for distances less than 300 feet, except under adverse snaking conditions. They may be used for a quarter of a mile on snow but are not as economical as larger sleds for this distance. Trails are required and these are cut by the swampers as they prepare the logs for skidding.

References

Log transport
Sliding vehicles
Logging
FaceGlat () was a social networking service by Yaakov Swisa. The website caters to Haredi Jews. The website separates users by sex and screens comments and advertisements to prevent indecency. The website currently is available in English and Hebrew. Swisa said that he plans to add French and Russian versions. Swisa said that he considered having a system where men and women who are members of the same family would be allowed to friend each other, but decided against it because he believed it would result in impersonations and individuals using false identities.

References

External links

 FaceGlat 

Israeli social networking websites
Defunct social networking services
Jewish culture
Randall Challen Berg Jr. (January 17, 1949 – April 10, 2019) was an American attorney.

Biography
Berg was born to Randall Challen Berg and Margaret Baker Berg. He spent most of his childhood in Jacksonville, Florida, graduating from Robert E. Lee High School in 1967. He attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, graduating in 1971 with a bachelor's degree in political science with a minor in English. He served three years in the U.S. Navy, stationed out of Treasure Island, California, achieving the rank of Lieutenant Junior Grade. Berg attended George Mason University School of Law, graduating in 1978. He married his wife Carol in 1978 and then moved to Miami to start the Florida Justice Institute (FJI). He had a son, Randall Challen Berg III, who was born in 1987.

Berg was the executive director of the Florida Justice Institute, a public interest law firm in Miami which he established in 1978. He has conducted and been involved in numerous individual and class action lawsuits that strive to improve conditions in Florida's prison and jails. He was chairman of the Corrections Committee of The Florida Bar, and president of the ACLU of Florida. He served on Florida Governor Chiles' Transition Criminal Justice Task Force, and several legislative committees dealing with criminal justice and corrections issues. He has been an adjunct professor of law at the University of Miami School of Law, and directs the Volunteer Lawyers' Project for the U.S. District Court for Florida's Southern District. He worked to develop the United States' first Interest on Lawyers’ Trust Account (IOLTA) program in Florida, and then assisted in establishing IOLTA programs nationwide and defending its constitutionality as the executive director of the National IOLTA Clearinghouse. IOLTA has created over $5 billion nationwide to primarily fund legal services for the poor 

In November 2018, he and FJI were named to the Daily Business Review's 2018 Most Effective Lawyers list for their public interest work in securing treatment for prisoners infected with hepatitis C.

Berg retired at the end of 2018, two years after initially being diagnosed with ALS. He was proud of the 40 years of work fighting "for the rights of the downtrodden, disabled, disenfranchised and even the despised."

On April 10, 2019, the Florida Justice Institute announced that Berg had died from complications of ALS.

On June 8, 2023, Jacksonville University established the Randall C. Berg Jr. College of Law Deanship. This endowed deanship was given in honor of Randall by his brother Gilchrist Berg.

References

External links
 Randall C. Berg Jr. at FJI
 Findlaw "Randall C. Berg Jr.", FindLaw
 Think Exist "Randall Berg Quotes"

1949 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from motor neuron disease
Neurological disease deaths in Florida
Lawyers from Jacksonville, Florida
Robert E. Lee High School (Jacksonville) alumni
20th-century American lawyers
Ferris Bolton (February 13, 1853 – May 11, 1937) was a politician and farmer. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada as a Member of the Unionist Party in the 1917 election to represent the riding of Lisgar. Prior to his federal political experience, he was reeve of South Dufferin and Pemble, Manitoba between 1880 and 1894 and reeve of Pembina, Manitoba between 1891 and 1894. Bolton was also Postmaster of Calf Mountain from 1881 to 1900, and postmaster at Darlingford from 1913 to 1917.

He married Jennie Stewart on December 22, 1880 with whom he had five sons, three of whom were killed in World War I, and two daughters. He was the son of John F. and May "Hannah" Bolton.

References
 Manitoba Historical Society

External links
 

1853 births
1937 deaths
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Manitoba
Unionist Party (Canada) MPs
Mayors of places in Manitoba
Canadian postmasters
Mirza Mu'hammad Zahir ud-Din Shah (1855–1899) known as Mirza Zahir Shah (Persian-ظهیرالدّین  میرزا محمد
) was a Mughal descendant and an Indian nobleman in the erstwhile British Empire who was the first Zamindar of Natore and patriarch of the House of Singra and Natore.

Early life

Born in 1855 as the oldest son of Mirza Jalal Shah, a political pensioner, in Allahabad, after the events of 1857. He was a grandson of Mirza Jahan Shah (1795-1846) and was named after an ancestor, Mirza Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur, the first Mughal Emperor (1483-1530). Many members of the formerly ruling families were exiled eastwards towards Bengal such as the family of Tipu Sultan and Wajid Ali Shah, the rulers of Mysore and Awadh. The Delhi Imperial family was exiled eastwards to Burma. Calcutta in Bengal became the capital of the Indian Empire in 1858, himself reaching there before 1868 and serving the Maharajas of Natore in Natore.

Background
He was given land grants by the British administrators as a lord (Zamindar) of the villages in East Bengal and served as the "Mridha" or the Minister to the Maharaja of Rajshahi under who he was subinfeudated. With the decline of the Natore Zamindari, he received areas and villages formerly under the Hindu ruling family.

Death and legacy
In the early 1870s, in neighboring estates in Natore, he provided support to the local governors and zamindars in crushing the Pabna revolts by the peasantry. In Pabna, he was a patron and participant in the Chalanbeel Horse Races. After his death in 1899, the estates of the family was expanded by his son and grandsons to become one of the few Muslim zamindars in the area. After the abolition of the lord-peasant system in 1950, members of the family held important positions in the regional politics and local governance.

His son Mirza Zafar succeeded him as the Zamindar. His office of the Mridha went to younger sons who dominated politics in Rajshahi and Natore well into the twenty first century, such as Ibrahim Ali Mridha and others.

Sources
 

1855 births
1899 deaths
Mughal nobility
Donal O'Brien may refer to:
Domnall Mór Ua Briain (died 1194), king of Munster
Donal O'Brien (hurler) (1940–2012), Irish hurler
Donald O'Brien (actor) (1933), French-born Irish film and television actor

See also
Domnall Ua Briain (disambiguation)
The Christmas Oratorio () is a 1983 novel by Swedish author Göran Tunström. It won the Nordic Council Literature Prize in 1984. J. S. Bach's Christmas Oratorio plays an important part in the novel.

It was adapted into  in 1996.

References

1983 Swedish novels
Christmas novels
Swedish-language novels
Nordic Council's Literature Prize-winning works
Novels set in Värmland
Novels set in New Zealand
Joslyn is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Allyn Joslyn (1901–1981), American stage, film and television actor
Betsy Joslyn (born 1954), Broadway musical and dramatic actress and soprano
Cliff Joslyn (born 1963), American information systems scientist
Frank Joslyn Baum (1883–1958), lawyer, soldier, writer, and film producer
Hezekiah Joslyn (died 1865), American abolitionist
Joslyn Hoyte-Smith (born 1954), former British 400m athlete
Lewis Joslyn, American politician 
Marcellus L. Joslyn (1873–1963), founder of the Joslyn Manufacturing and Supply Company, a Chicago, Illinois electrical supply firm
Matilda Joslyn Gage (1826–1898), suffragist, Native American activist, abolitionist, freethinker, and prolific author
Maynard A. Joslyn (1904–1984), Russian-born American food scientist in the rebirth of the California wine industry after 1933
Patrick Allen Joslyn (born 1986), American drag queen known as Joslyn Fox
Steve Joslyn, American college baseball coach

See also
Joslyn Musey,  protagonist of the novel Warchild

See also
Joslyn Art Museum, the principal fine arts museum in the state of Nebraska, United States of America
Joslyn Castle, folly located at 3902 Davenport Street in the District of Omaha, Nebraska, USA
Jocelyn
Joslin (disambiguation)
Josselin Castle
The 2021 William & Mary Tribe football team represented the College of William & Mary as a member of the Colonial Athletic Association (CAA) in the 2021 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Tribe, led by third-year head coach Mike London, played their home games at Zable Stadium.

Previous season

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the CAA delayed the fall 2020 season and played an abbreviated schedule in the spring of 2021. The Tribe finished the season with a record of 1–2 in CAA play to finish third in the CAA's South Division.

Preseason

CAA poll
In the CAA preseason poll released on July 27, 2021, the Tribe were predicted to finish in 11th place.

Preseason All-CAA team
Punt returner Bronson Yoder was selected to the preseason All-CAA Team, while Andrew Trainer (offensive line) and Will Kiely (defensive line) were selected as preseason honorable mention picks.

Schedule

References

William and Mary
William & Mary Tribe football seasons
William and Mary Tribe football
Dunderry () is a village and townland in County Meath, Ireland, about  south-west of Navan. The village population was 170 at the 2016 census. The local Gaelic games club, Dunderry GAA Club, was formed in 1890 and competes in football, hurling,  camogie and rounders. The 18th-century Dunderry Park estate (formerly Philpotstown House) is  north-east of the village.

References

Towns and villages in County Meath
Townlands of County Meath