Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
A pyrena or pyrene (commonly called a "pit" or "stone") is the fruitstone within a drupe or drupelet produced by the ossification of the endocarp or lining of the fruit. It consists of a hard endocarp tissue surrounding one or more seeds (also called the "kernel"). The hardened endocarp which constitutes the pyrene provides a protective physical barrier around the seed, shielding it from pathogens and herbivory.

While many drupes are monopyrenous, containing only one pyrene, pome-type fruit with a hard, stony (rather than leathery) endocarp are typically polypyrenous drupes, containing multiple pyrenes.

Development 
The hardening of the endocarp of a developing drupe occurs via secondary cell wall formation and lignification. The biopolymer lignin, also found in wood, provides a structure within secondary cell walls which supports the polymerisation of cellulose and hemicellulose; together these polymers provide the endocarp with tensile strength and stiffness. Further hardening occurs during the biomineralisation of the endocarp. The biomineralisation of pyrenes during the life of the plant can aid the preservation of fruit remains in archaeological findings.

Gallery

See also 
 Nut (fruit)

References

Bibliography 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Plant anatomy
Drupes
The wolf herrings are a family (Chirocentridae) of two marine species of ray-finned fish related to the herrings.

Both species have elongated bodies and jaws with long sharp teeth that facilitate their ravenous appetites, mostly for other fish. Both species reach a length of 1 m. They have silvery sides and bluish backs.

They are commercially fished, and marketed fresh or frozen.

Species
 Chirocentrus dorab (Forsskål, 1775) - Dorab wolf-herring, found in warm coastal waters from the Red Sea to Japan and Australia
 Chirocentrus nudus Swainson, 1839 - whitefin wolf-herring, found in a similar range  (This species is difficult to distinguish from C. dorab; the former has a black mark on its dorsal fin.  This species is also known to eat crabs in addition to its usual diet of smaller fish.)

References

 
Fish of the Indian Ocean
Extant Eocene first appearances
Taxa named by Georges Cuvier
Mihály Barla Slovene Miháo Barla (circa 1778 – February 4, 1824) was a Slovenian Lutheran pastor, writer, and poet.

He was born in Murska Sobota. He studied in Sopron, in the Evangelical Lyceum, by 1803 studied in the University of Jena.
In 1807 was the director of the Hungarian-Latin School of Sárszentlőrinc (Tolna), in 1808 teacher of Evangelical School of Győr. 1810-1824 ministrat in Kővágóörs, near the Balaton, and here died.

In 1823 rework the hymn-book of Mihály Bakos on the score of  (New Christian hymn-book, Hung. ).

Other works
  (Sopron, 1901)
  (Sopron, 1820)
  (Győr, ?)

See also

 List of Slovene writers and poets in Hungary
 Mihály Bakos
 Kővágóörs

References
 Petőfi Sándor - Sárszentlőrinci gyökerek
 Történelmi arcképcsarnok - Vas megye
 Anton Trstenjak: Slovenci na Ogrskem, Narodopisna in književna črtica, Objava Arhivskih Virov, Maribor 2006.

1770s births
1824 deaths
People from Murska Sobota
Slovenian Lutheran clergy
Slovenian writers and poets in Hungary
Hungarian male poets
19th-century Hungarian poets
19th-century Hungarian male writers
Phalonidia lydiae is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Anhui, Beijing, Gansu, Guizhou, Heilongjiang, Hunan, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Yunnan), Japan, Korea and Russia.

The wingspan is 9−13 mm.

References

Moths described in 1940
Phalonidia
Piney is a community in southeastern Manitoba, Canada, in the Rural Municipality of Piney. It is approximately 130 kilometers from Winnipeg and within five kilometres of the Canada–US border.

It is served by the Piney Pinecreek Border Airport, unusual in that its runway lies across the international border, along the Pinecreek–Piney Border Crossing.

Climate

Gallery

See also
Pinecreek–Piney Border Crossing

References

Unincorporated communities in Eastman Region, Manitoba
The  is a 2-car electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the Japanese private railway operator Chichibu Railway on Chichibu Main Line local services since 16 March 2013.

Overview
The first 2-car train was converted from former Tokyu 8090 series cars in 2012 by Tokyu Techo Systems. Conversion details include the removal of electrical equipment from one former motored car, the addition two lozenge-type pantographs on the DeHa 7800 car, and the addition of new cab ends.

Formations
The 2-car sets are formed as follows, with one motored ("M") car and one non-powered trailer ("T") car. The DeHa 7800 car is at the  (west) end.

The DeHa 7800 car is fitted with two lozenge-type pantographs.

History
The first set was rebuilt by Tokyu Techno Systems in December 2012. It entered service from the start of the revised timetable on 16 March 2013.

Build details

The conversion histories and former identities of the fleet are as shown below.

References

External links

 Chichibu Railway news release (15 February 2013) 

Electric multiple units of Japan
Train-related introductions in 2013
Chichibu Railway
Tokyu Car multiple units
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan

ja:秩父鉄道7800系電車
Sansi (Devnagari: सैंसी) (Gurmukhi: ਸੈਂਸੀ) are a formerly nomadic people from India that were classified as a criminal tribe in the 19th century by the British during the Raj period. They were cattle thieves by profession.  They claim Rajput descent. There were two distinct offshoots of the tribe: the first was a vagrant community connected to the Jat tribes of Central Punjab; the second was an agricultural Jat clan found in Sahiwal, Amritsar and Gujranwala. 

The Sansis community traces its origins to their leader and ancestor, Sansmal, and their name reflects this heritage. They claim to be Rajputs whose ancestors were expelled from Rajasthan by Allaudin Khilji, a Muslim invader who devastated Chittorgarh in the early 13th century A.D. Today; the community is mainly divided into two social divisions - Mahla and Beehdoo - named after the two sons of Sansmal (Sher 97). They have been subdivided into 23 sub-castes and more than 500 exogamous clans (Sher 97). Recently, the Sansis community has preferred formal Hinduism and Sikhism, distancing themselves from the primitive form of Hinduism adhered to by their ancestors.

History and Origin
The Sansis were considered the most prominent criminal tribe in Punjab, with an estimated population of 25,800 in 1912. The British believed other tribes, such as the Baurias and Harnis, were offshoots of the Sansis, who claimed to have originated from Rajput ancestry. Despite acknowledging their ancestry, the British constantly emphasised the Sansis' "degraded" status through stereotypical descriptions. For instance, Sansi men were described as having a dark complexion, foxy expressions, and a distinctive smell of musk-rat and rancid grease due to their habit of eating vermin. Their religion, primarily a form of Hinduism, was considered primitive, mixed, and debased. After the criminal tribes act was imposed, the Sansi were labelled down to a very pitiful position. Initially, they had a premier rank as Maharaja Ranjit Singh also belonged to this tribe (Sher 97).

Language
Their language is Sansiboli, or Bhilki too that is a highly endangered Indo-Aryan language of the Central group, total speakers in India 60,000 (2002) and Pakistan 20,000. Their traditional occupations vary, from trading to farming.

History
During British rule in India they were placed under the Criminal Tribes Act 1871, hence stigmatized for a long time, after independence, however, they were denotified in 1952.
As the Sansiya, they were recorded in Uttar Pradesh in the 2011 Census of India. There they were a Scheduled Caste, with a population of 5689.

Further reading

References

Indian castes
Social groups of Rajasthan
Social groups of Punjab, India
Social groups of Haryana
Ethnic groups in India
Scheduled Castes of Haryana
Punjabi tribes
Denotified tribes of India
Scheduled Castes of Uttar Pradesh
Rajputs
Rajput clans
The Scarce Arches (Fabula zollikoferi) is a moth of the family Noctuidae.
It is found in central and eastern Europe and in southern Scandinavia.
north Germany, Russia including the Ural Mountains, west and east Turkestan. It is not known to breed in Britain, occurring only as a migrant.

Technical description and variation

S. zollikoferi Frr. (41 h). Forewing dingy greyish ochreous, dusted with dark grey, especially in the male; lines hardly visible; the outer indicated by slight dark and pale dashes on veins; the submarginal paler with grey edges, the terminal area faintly darker beyond it; orbicular and reniform with faint pale annuli and grey scaling; hindwing dull whitish, tinged with brownish grey along termen; — ab. internigrata ab. nov. (= ab. 1. Hmps.) [from the Ural Mts.]  (41 h), shows the lines and markings clearly, being suffused with blackish between the subcostal vein and submedian fold to outer line and more densely before and beyond submarginal line, the veins all being of the pale ground colour; the wedge-shaped marks before submarginal line, except between veins 6 and 7, black; stigmata paler and plainer; a slight trace of a dark-edged claviform; hindwing whiter, with dark fuscous terminal border and black terminal line. Larva green, feeding on low growing mountain plants. 
 The wingspan is 45–52 mm.

Biology
The moth flies in September and October.

The larvae feed on Common Meadow-rue, Lesser Meadow-rue and Great Fen-sedge.

References

Noctuidae
Moths described in 1836
Moths of Europe
Geoff Charles "Jeff" Powis (June 14, 1945 – November 28, 2001) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. Powis played ten seasons of professional ice hockey, mostly in the minor leagues from 1966 to 1976, as well as 2 games in the National Hockey League with the Chicago Black Hawks during the 1967–68 season. Powis' brother Lynn Powis was also a professional ice hockey player.

Biography
Powis was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba. A graduate of the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League team, Moose Jaw Canucks, Powis joined the St. Louis Braves of Central Professional Hockey League's in 1966–67 before making his National Hockey League debut the following year with the Chicago Black Hawks.

Powis spent the better part of the 1967–68 season with the CPHL's Dallas Black Hawks while playing in two games with Chicago before joining the International Hockey League's at Port Huron Flags in 1968–69.

Powis spent three seasons with Port Huron earning IHL First Team All-Star honors in 1969 before the franchise relocated to Toledo midway through the 1970–71 season. After moving to Toledo, Powis spent one more season with team before splitting the 1972–73 season with the Western Hockey League's Seattle Totems and Cranbrook Royals where he was a WIHL Second Team All-Star in 1973.

Powis died in November 2001.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

External links
 
 Obituary at LostHockey.com

1945 births
2001 deaths
Canadian ice hockey centres
Chicago Blackhawks players
Dallas Black Hawks players
Ice hockey people from Winnipeg
Moose Jaw Canucks players
Port Huron Flags (IHL) players
St. Louis Braves players
Seattle Totems (WHL) players
Toledo Hornets players
Western International Hockey League players
Robert Goforth (born February 27, 1976) is an American politician and pharmacist who served as a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives for the 89th district from 2018 to 2021.

Early life and education 
Goforth is from East Bernstadt, Kentucky. He earned a bachelor's degree from the University of Kentucky and a Doctor of Pharmacy from Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences.

Career 
Goforth served as a combat engineer in the United States Army from 1994 to 1996. He was first elected to the Kentucky House in February 2018. Goforth challenged incumbent Republican governor Matt Bevin in the 2019 gubernatorial election, getting roughly 40 percent of the vote in the primary election.

Goforth sought re-election despite his indictment, and was condemned by a number of pro-family groups, including Kentucky for Strong Families. He was re-elected in 2020 with 70% of the vote. He resigned from office in August 2021, while still facing charges.

Personal life 
In April 2020, Goforth was arrested on charges relating to domestic violence. The Laurel County Sheriff's Office charged Goforth with first-degree strangulation, fourth-degree domestic assault and third-degree terroristic threatening for physically assaulting his wife, attempting to hog-tie her and strangling her with an Ethernet cord. He was taken to the Laurel County Detention Center. In September 2020, Goforth was indicted on one count of first-degree strangulation and one count of assault in the fourth degree.

In May 2022 Goforth was convicted of fraud.

References

External links

Living people
People from Laurel County, Kentucky
University of Kentucky alumni
Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences alumni
American pharmacists
Republican Party members of the Kentucky House of Representatives
21st-century American politicians
Kentucky politicians convicted of crimes
1976 births
Frauke Schmitt Gran (born 12 March 1969) is a German orienteering competitor and the first orienteer from Germany to obtain a medal in the world championships.

She received a bronze medal in the short course at the 1999 World Orienteering Championships in Inverness, behind Yvette Baker and Lucie Böhm.

References

External links
 
 Frauke Schmitt-Gran at World of O Runners

1969 births
Living people
German orienteers
Female orienteers
Foot orienteers
World Orienteering Championships medalists
Captain Cyril Pinto Jayatilake Seneviratne (23 April 1918 - 26 December 1984) was a Sri Lankan military officer and politician. He was the Member of Parliament for Mahiyangana from 1960-1970 and 1977-1984 and served as the Minister of Labour in the Jayewardene cabinet (1977-1984).

Education
Seneviratne attended school at Gampaha and 1942 he obtained a certificate as an instructor from the Physical Training Institute in Ambala, India.

Military service
Following his return he gained a commission as an officer of Ceylon Engineers Corps. In 1947 Seneviratne was appointed a Captain of the Ceylon Pioneers and served with the Corps when they were sent to Malaysia to oversee the construction of the railway line from Taiping to Port Weld (now known as Kuala Sepetang). While in Malayasia he played a leading part in the construction of Lankaramaya, the Buddhist Vihara in Singapore. Seneviratne claims that in 1949 he obtained a sapling of the Sri Maha Bodhi tree in Anuradhapura, which he planted at Lankaramaya. He left the army in 1950.

Political career
Senerviratne contested the 4th parliamentary elections, held on 19 March 1960, in the newly created seat of Mahiyangana, representing the United National Party. He was successful, polling 3,164 votes (36% of the total vote) defeating the Sri Lanka Freedom Party candidate by 359 votes. At the subsequent parliamentary elections in July 1960 he retained the seat receiving 4,811 votes (50% of the total vote).

He won the seat again at the 6th parliamentary elections, held on 22 March 1965, increasing his vote to 51% of the total vote. At the subsequent parliamentary election, held on 27 May 1970, he was defeated by the Sri Lanka Freedom Party candidate, D. D. E. Wickremaratne, by 2,556 votes, only obtaining 43% of the total vote.

Senerviratne however was successful in regaining the seat of Mahiyangana at the 8th parliamentary election, held on 21 July 1977, where he defeated the Sri Lanka Freedom Party candidate, Navaratna Banda Galketiya, by 8,801 votes (obtaining 70% of the total vote).

Death
Senerviratne died at the Colombo Hospital on 26 December 1984, whilst still serving as the Minister for Labour. Senerviratne's son, Lakshman, was subsequently elected to parliament representing his father's seat of Mahiyangana at a by-election on 18 April 1985. His son is a current Minister and Member of Parliament for Badulla.

See also
List of political families in Sri Lanka

References

1918 births
1984 deaths
Sri Lankan Buddhists
Government ministers of Sri Lanka
United National Party politicians
Members of the 4th Parliament of Ceylon
Members of the 5th Parliament of Ceylon
Members of the 6th Parliament of Ceylon
Members of the 8th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Ceylon Engineer Corps officers
Sri Lanka Army Volunteer Force officers
Jared Andrew Kusnitz (born November 8, 1988) is an American actor. He has appeared in the films Doll Graveyard (2005), Dance of the Dead (2008), and Prom (2011), and television series such as The Secret Life of the American Teenager, Good Luck Charlie, and  Underemployed.

Early life
Kusnitz was born in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where he was raised. He is Jewish.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links
 
 

1988 births
Male actors from Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Jewish American male actors
American male film actors
American male television actors
Living people
Male actors from Florida
Place of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American Jews
Ciołek's Missal is one of the oldest relics of Polish literature. Made in 1515, in Kraków, for Erazm Ciołek, the Archbishop of Płock it was decorated with figural initials, rich borders with motives of crests of the owner (Sulima Coat of Arms).

External links
 Mszał Erazma Ciołka 

1515 books
1515 in Europe
Illuminated missals
Medieval Polish literature
1510s in Poland
16th-century Christian texts
16th-century illuminated manuscripts
Joseph Cirincione (,  (born November 13, 1949) is a national security analyst and author. He served as the president of the Ploughshares Fund, a public grant-making foundation focused on nuclear nonproliferation and conflict resolution.

Career
Cirincione was appointed president of Ploughshares Fund on March 5, 2008. He retired from the position on July 1, 2020. He joined the Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft as a non-resident fellow in September 2020, and is an adjunct faculty member at the Georgetown University School of Foreign Service. He resigned from the Quincy Institute in August 2022 in protest of its dovish response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, which he described as "a completely unjustified, unprovoked invasion of a sovereign state".

He is the author or editor of seven books, including Nuclear Nightmares: Securing the World Before It Is Too Late (Columbia University Press, 2013), Bomb Scare: The History and Future of Nuclear Weapons (Columbia University Press, 2007) and Deadly Arsenals: Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Threats (Carnegie Endowment, second edition 2006) and the co-author of Universal Compliance:  A Strategy for Nuclear Security  (Carnegie Endowment, 2005). Cirincione is also the author of over eight hundred articles and reports on defense and national security.

Cirincione has advocated for negotiations to end the diplomatic stalemate regarding the nuclear program of Iran. In 2009, he appeared on The Colbert Report. While at Ploughshares Fund, Cirincione was also the host of the nuclear security podcast, Press The Button.

Cirincione previously served as vice president for national security and international policy at the Center for American Progress in Washington, DC. For eight years, he was the director for non-proliferation at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, where he chaired and organized five annual Carnegie International Non-Proliferation Conferences. The 2005 conference included Cirincione's presentation, "A Brief History of the Atomic Age."

He worked for nine years in the U.S. House of Representatives, beginning in 1985 as a professional staff member of the Committee on Armed Services. He also served as a staff member of the Committee on Government Operations, and served as staff director of the bipartisan Military Reform Caucus.

References

External links
Ploughshares Fund
Carnegie Endowment Staff Bio

Defense One author archive. 
The National Interest author archive.

1949 births
Living people
American anti–nuclear weapons activists
Walsh School of Foreign Service faculty
The Sons is a collection of stories by Franz Kafka.

In 1913 Kafka wrote to his publisher Kurt Wolff requesting that three of his  stories be placed in a single volume:
"The Stoker, The Metamorphosis, and The Judgment belong together, both inwardly and outwardly. There is an obvious connection among the three, and, even more important, a secret one, for which reason I would be reluctant to forgo the chance of having them published together in a book, which might be called The Sons."

The volume, published by Schocken Books, also includes Kafka's Letter to His Father, which could be seen as another "son story", in this case located somewhere between fiction and autobiography.

Footnotes

Short story collections by Franz Kafka
1989 short story collections
Books published posthumously
Schocken Books books
Harry Burns (July 20, 1882 – January 9, 1939) was a vaudeville performer, boxing referee, actor, assistant director, animal-picture director and producer, and Hollywood magazine publisher. Burns was married to the actress Dorothy Vernon; the silent-film slapstick comedy star Bobby Vernon was his stepson.

Biography 
Burns was born Jacob Elman in Warsaw, Poland. He started in vaudeville in New York before 1900 when he captured the attention of audiences as "the world's champion bag puncher." He did nine years of vaudeville, traveling from California to Maine and back again. He was then employed at the Pacific Athletic Club as press agent and secretary to Thomas J. Carey but when 20-round boxing matches were banned in California, he went into the film industry. At the time of his death in 1939, Burns' life story was said to "encompass all the old Hollywoodiana that is gone forever. There's Uncle Tom McCarey's Vernon boxing arena, the 50-round fights that Burns refereed, the funny Jack-in-the-Beanstalk pictures he directed during the war, the rise of Carl Laemmle, the first Hollywood animal pictures..."

Burns worked as a prop master for Charlie Chase, and as a director for William Fox, Chet Franklin, and Hal Roach. He did a long stint as assistant director to William S. Campbell and when Campbell left Universal followed him to Chester Comedies, and then took over the Joe Martin monkey picture franchise for Universal, coproducing with Joe Martin's animal trainer Curley Stecker. He was a columnist for Camera! magazine and publisher and editor of Hollywood Filmograph. Burns frequently editorialized in his trade-paper columns against perceived exploitation of extras and bit players by the Central Casting Bureau. Filmograph under Burns' editorship also "spoke to the community of Hollywood actors...and supported Actors' Equity's attempt to gain a foothold" on the west coast.  

During the filming of Rupert Hughes' 1923 Souls for Sale, Burns rescued one or more damsels from an accidental circus-tent fire. He was trampled by one or more panicked horses in the doing.

Burns married the performer Dorothy Vernon in 1915 and was stepfather to silent-film comedy star Bobby Vernon. Harry Burns and Bobby Vernon both died of heart attacks in 1939. Burns and Dorothy Vernon are buried together at Hollywood Forever Cemetery.

Described as the "kindest soul" (albeit with a "deceptively ferocious exterior"), at the time of his death Harry Burns was credited with having the "biggest heart west of Vine Street." 

Note: This Harry Burns is distinct from character actor and native New Yorker Harry Burns (1887–1948), with whom he is frequently confused.

References

External links 
 
 Harry Burns at ECHO

1882 births
1939 deaths
American film directors
American magazine editors
American male film actors
Vaudeville performers
Polish emigrants to the United States