莫蒂默・傑爾姆・阿德勒

莫蒂默・傑爾姆・阿德勒（Mortimer Jerome Adler，）是一名美國哲學家。

生平

阿德勒於 1902 年 12 月 28 日出生在美國紐約市的一個猶太移民家庭。14 歲從中學輟學後，成為紐約太陽報的送稿人員，他當時立志想要成為一名記者。不久，阿德勒開始在夜間學習寫作課程，從中他發現以下作者堪稱英雄：柏拉圖、亞里斯多德、托馬斯・阿奎那、約翰・洛克、約翰・斯圖爾特・密爾等等。之後，他進入哥倫比亞大學繼續學習，同時還向學生文藝雜誌投稿。儘管由於沒能透過必修的游泳測驗，而沒能獲得學士學位（1983 年，哥倫比亞大學授予了他一個榮譽學位以作為補償），阿德勒還是留在了大學，最終得到了一個講師的位置，並獲得了心理學博士學位。

1930 年，阿德勒前往芝加哥大學，並由之前認識的朋友、新任校長羅伯特・梅納德・哈欽斯安排為芝加哥大學法學院的法律哲學教授。然而他受到了芝加哥的一些哲學家的質疑，這些人對他 “能否勝任哲學教授這個職責懷有重大疑問”，並且抵制阿德勒成為該大學哲學系的一分子。而同時，阿德勒也是該學校法學院有史以來第一個非律師出身的教師。

西方世界偉大名著專案的發起人。

1980 年，梅耶輕鬆地問阿德勒，如果他去一個荒島，準備帶哪些書，阿德勒回答說是以下 11 本:

修昔底德的《伯羅奔尼撒戰爭史》
5 到 6 篇柏拉圖的，《對話錄》
亞里斯多德的《倫理學 (亞里士多德)| 倫理學》和《政治學》
希波的聖奧古斯丁的《懺悔錄》
普魯塔克的《比較列傳》
但丁的《神曲》
威廉・莎士比亞的一些戲劇
蒙田的《嘗試集》
斯威夫特的《格列佛遊記》
約翰・洛克的《政府論》
列夫・托爾斯泰的《戰爭與和平》

名言

著作

Dialectic (1927)
The Nature of Judicial Proof: An Inquiry into the Logical, Legal, and Empirical Aspects of the Law of Evidence (1931, with Jerome Michael)
Diagrammatics (1932, with Maude Phelps Hutchins)
Crime, Law and Social Science （1933, with Jerome Michael)
Art and Prudence: A Study in Practical Philosophy (1937)
What Man Has Made of Man: A Study of the Consequences of Platonism and Positivism in Psychology (1937)
哲學與科學 of Man: A Collection of Texts as a Foundation for Ethics and Politics (1940)
如何閱讀一本書（How to Read a Book） （1940）(中文版 ISBN 9789570517989)
A Dialectic of Morals: Towards the Foundations of Political Philosophy (1941)
How to Think About War and Peace (1944)
教育革命 (1944, with Milton Mayer)
The Capitalist Manifesto (1958, with Louis O. Kelso) ISBN 0837182107
The Idea of Freedom: A Dialectical Examination of the Conceptions of Freedom (1958)
The New Capitalists: A Proposal to Free Economic Growth from the Slavery of Savings (1961, with Louis O. Kelso)
The Idea of Freedom: A Dialectical Examination of the Controversies about Freedom (1961)
Great Ideas from the Great Books (1961)
哲學的條件: Its Checkered Past, Its Present Disorder, and Its Future Promise (1965)
The Difference of Man and the Difference It Makes (1967)
The Time of Our Lives: The Ethics of Common Sense (1970)
The Common Sense of Politics (1971)
The American Testament (1975, with William Gorman)
Some Questions About Language: A Theory of Human Discourse and Its Objects (1976)
Philosopher at Large: An Intellectual Autobiography (1977)
Reforming Education: The Schooling of a People and Their Education Beyond Schooling (1977, edited by Geraldine Van Doren)
每個人的亞里斯多德: Difficult Thought Made Easy (1978) ISBN 0684838230
How to Think About God: A Guide for the 20th-Century Pagan (1980) ISBN 0-02-016022-4
六種偉大思想（Six Great Ideas: Truth-Goodness-Beauty-Liberty-Equality-Justice） (1981) ISBN 0-02-072020-3
The Angels and Us (1982)
The Paideia Proposal: An Educational Manifesto (1982)
How to Speak / How to Listen (1983) ISBN 0025005707
Paideia Problems and Possibilities: A Consideration of Questions Raised by The Paideia Proposal (1983)
A Vision of the Future: Twelve Ideas for a Better Life and a Better Society (1984) ISBN 0025002805
The Paideia Program: An Educational Syllabus (1984, with Members of the Paideia Group)
Ten Philosophical Mistakes (1985) ISBN 0-02-500330-5
A Guidebook to Learning: For a Lifelong Pursuit of Wisdom (1986)
We Hold These Truths: Understanding the Ideas and Ideals of the Constitution (1987)
Reforming Education: The Opening of the American Mind (1988, edited by Geraldine Van Doren)
Intellect: Mind Over Matter (1990)
Truth in Religion: The Plurality of Religions and the Unity of Truth (1990)
Haves Without Have-Nots: Essays for the 21st Century on Democracy and Socialism (1991) ISBN 0025005618
Desires, Right & Wrong: The Ethics of Enough (1991)
A Second Look in the Rearview Mirror: Further Autobiographical Reflections of a Philosopher At Large (1992)
偉大思想：西方思想的列剋星敦 (1992)
Natural Theology, Chance, and God (The Great Ideas Today, 1992)
The Four Dimensions of Philosophy: Metaphysical-Moral-Objective-Categorical (1993)
Art, the Arts, and the Great Ideas (1994)
Adler's Philosophical Dictionary: 125 Key Terms for the Philosopher's Lexicon (1995)

編寫

新技術：奴隸還是主人 (in work, with Phillip W. Goetz)
Scholasticism and Politics (1940)
西方世界偉大名著 (1952, 52 冊）
A Syntopicon: An Index to The Great Ideas (1952, 2 volumes)
The Great Ideas Today (1961-1977, 17 volumes, with Robert Hutchins)
Gateway to the Great Books (1963, 10 volumes, with Robert Hutchins)
The Annals of America (1968, 21 volumes)
Propaedia: Outline of Knowledge and Guide to The New Encyclopædia Britannica 15th Edition (1974, 30 volumes)
Great Treasury of Western Thought (1977, with Charles Van Doren)
The Great Ideas Today (1978-1999, 20 冊）
西方世界偉大名著第二版（1990 年，60 冊）
A Syntopicon: An Index to The Great Ideas 2nd Edition (1990, 2 volumes)