Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
In logic, mathematics and computer science, especially metalogic and computability theory, an effective method or effective procedure is a procedure for solving a problem by any intuitively 'effective' means from a specific class. An effective method is sometimes also called a mechanical method or procedure.

Definition
The definition of an effective method involves more than the method itself. In order for a method to be called effective, it must be considered with respect to a class of problems. Because of this, one method may be effective with respect to one class of problems and not be effective with respect to a different class.

A method is formally called effective for a class of problems when it satisfies these criteria:
 It consists of a finite number of exact, finite instructions.
 When it is applied to a problem from its class:
 It always finishes (terminates) after a finite number of steps.
 It always produces a correct answer.
 In principle, it can be done by a human without any aids except writing materials.
 Its instructions need only to be followed rigorously to succeed. In other words, it requires no ingenuity to succeed.

Optionally, it may also be required that the method never returns a result as if it were an answer when the method is applied to a problem from outside its class. Adding this requirement reduces the set of classes for which there is an effective method.

Algorithms
An effective method for calculating the values of a function is an algorithm. Functions for which an effective method exists are sometimes called effectively calculable.

Computable functions
Several independent efforts to give a formal characterization of effective calculability led to a variety of proposed definitions (general recursive functions, Turing machines, λ-calculus) that later were shown to be equivalent. The notion captured by these definitions is known as recursive or effective computability.

The Church–Turing thesis states that the two notions coincide: any number-theoretic function that is effectively calculable is recursively computable. As this is not a mathematical statement, it cannot be proven by a mathematical proof.

See also
Decidability (logic)
Decision problem
Function problem
Effective results in number theory
Recursive set
Undecidable problem

References 

 S. C. Kleene (1967), Mathematical logic. Reprinted, Dover, 2002, , pp. 233 ff., esp. p. 231.

Metalogic
Computability theory
Theory of computation
Revelation is a solo cover album released in 2006 by actor and singer Christopher Lee. A music video for the song "My Way" (originally written by Paul Anka) was released, featuring Lee in and around his home in Cadogan Square.

Track listing 
Previously Unreleased Track "Alexander Townley – The Pum" – 7:06
"The Impossible Dream (The Quest)" – 3:28
"I, Don Quixote – Man of la Mancha" – 3:42
"Carmencita – Quiero y no quiero querer" – 4:06
"The Toreador March – Flamenco Mix" – 5:21
"O Sole Mio – It's Now or Never" 3:51
"High Noon" – 2:23
"Wanderin' Star" – 3:44
"Oh What a Beautiful Mornin'" – 2:58
"Name Your Poison" – 3:13
"Toreador March – Heavy Metal Mix" – 4:39
"The Little Drummer Boy" – 3:02
"Silent Night" – 2:59
"My Way" – 4:34
Behind the Music – with Christopher Lee – 22:20

References

[ Revelation] at Allmusic

External links
 

2006 albums
Christopher Lee albums
Covers albums
Pop albums by British artists
Old Judy Church, also known as Old Log Church, is a historic Methodist Episcopal church building located near Petersburg, Pendleton County, West Virginia. It was built between 1836 and 1838, and is a rectangular hewn-log building measuring 24 feet wide and 28 feet deep.  It was abandoned in 1910, and rededicated in 1936 by the Methodist church. It is used as a community center for social gatherings.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

Gallery

References

Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia
Methodist churches in West Virginia
Churches completed in 1838
19th-century Methodist church buildings in the United States
Buildings and structures in Pendleton County, West Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Pendleton County, West Virginia
Quincy is an unincorporated community in Greenwood County, Kansas, United States.  It is located between Eureka and Yates Center in a rural area.

History
A post office was opened in Quincy in 1869, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1975.

References

Further reading

External links
 Greenwood County maps: Current, Historic, KDOT

Unincorporated communities in Greenwood County, Kansas
Unincorporated communities in Kansas
The term isotonic may refer to:
Isotonic (exercise physiology), a type of muscle contraction
Isotonic regression, a type of numerical analysis
Isotonic, one of three types of tonicity that characterize a solution's concentration; see Tonicity#Isotonicity
A sports drink that contains similar concentrations of salt and sugar to the human body

ca:Isotònic
Susan J. Ferguson (born 1961) is a professor of sociology at Grinnell College. She received her B.A. in Spanish and Political Science from Colorado State University in 1984, as well as her 1988 M.A. in Sociology; she received her Ph.D. in Sociology in 1993 from the University of Massachusetts - Amherst. She specializes in the areas of sociology of the family, Asian women, medical sociology, women's health, feminism and teaching.

She received the 2018 Hans O. Mauksch Award at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association (ASA) in Philadelphia for her contributions to the teaching and learning of sociology through program development, student advising, and assessment of curriculum and teaching materials.

Publications 
 Race, Gender, Sexuality, and Social Class Dimensions of Inequality and Identity, Fourth Edition. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications (2023) 
 Shifting the Center Understanding Contemporary Families, Sixth Edition. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications (2022)
 Mapping the Social Landscape Readings in Sociology, Ninth Edition. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications (2020)
 Families in the 21st Century Series (4 volumes), (2008–2010), series editor
 Editor. Contemporary Family Perspectives Series. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. 2011-2016. 
 Editor. Breast Cancer: Society Shapes an Epidemic. New York: Palgrave. Co-editor is Anne S. Kasper. December 2000.

External links 
 Grinnell College faculty homepage

References 

1962 births
Colorado State University alumni
Living people
Grinnell College faculty
University of Massachusetts Amherst College of Social and Behavioral Sciences alumni
American sociologists
American women sociologists
21st-century American women writers
American women non-fiction writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
Medical sociologists
Vasantam () is a 2003 Indian Telugu-language drama film produced by N.V. Prasad and Sanam Naga Ashok kumar on Sri Sai Deva Productions banner, directed by Vikraman. Starring Venkatesh, Arti Agarwal, Kalyani and music is composed by S. A. Rajkumar. The film won for two Nandi Awards.

The film opened simultaneously alongside the Tamil version of the film, Priyamaana Thozhi starring R. Madhavan, Jyothika, Sridevi Vijayakumar and Vineeth. The movie was remade in Kannada in 2010 as Hoo.

Plot
Ashok and Julie have been friends since childhood. They live in Hyderabad and share no love interest. Ashok marries Nandini, and although Julie's closeness to Ashok initially irritates Nandini, she subsequently accepts it. Julie falls in love with Michael D'Souza, a cricketer who's hoping for a place in the Indian cricket team and Ashok happens to be his main rival.

When Ashok is selected instead of Michael, Michael's father strikes a deal with Ashok that the marriage between his son and Julie will only take place if Ashok steps down and lets Michael substitute him and tells Ashok to cut his friendship with Julie so that he doesn't interfere in Michael's and Julie's life, to which Ashok agrees. Ashok acts as an unwilling person to his friend Julie. Julie decides to move out of Ashok's house and plans to stay at Michael's. Ashok plans to sell his property and give the money to Julie and to go to Mumbai with Nandini where his friend has offered him a job. Ashok and his wife vacate their house without informing Julie. Julie and Michael learn why Ashok is leaving Hyderabad and they rush to the railway station to stop him but fail to find him. To spot Ashok easily, Julie sings a song "Gaali Chirugali" to which Ashok responds, and they reunite. Ashok ends up playing for the Indian team and over the time their children become friends too. The movie ends on a happy note.

Cast

Soundtrack

Music was composed by S. A. Rajkumar. Music was released on ADITYA Music Company.

Special appearance
V.V.S.Laxman, a former India cricketer played a guest role in this movie. In a scene, Laxman appears as himself, an already existing player for Indian national team giving advice and tips to the Andhra Ranji team player Ashok (Venkatesh) during practice sessions and who aspires to play for the India team.

Box-office performance
Even though the film was released just two days after the blockbuster Simhadri, it became a super hit.
 The film had a 50-day run in 139 centres and also completed 100 days in 71 centers.

Awards
 Nandi Special Jury Award – N.V.Prasad
 Nandi Award for Best Costume Designer – P.Rambabu

References

External links
 

2003 films
2000s Telugu-language films
Indian multilingual films
2003 multilingual films
Telugu films remade in other languages
Films shot in Greece
Films shot in Rajasthan
Films shot in Austria
Agnia may refer to:
Agnia (beetle), a genus of beetles
Agnia, Ivory Coast, a village in Lacs District, Ivory Coast
847 Agnia, a minor planet orbiting the Sun
Agnia, a given name:
Agnia Ditkovskyte
Agnia Losina-Losinskaja
Johann Hast (June 15, 1808 – February 19, 1852) was a German philosopher born in Ottenstein-Ahaus.

He studied philosophy and philology at the Academy of Münster, and afterwards taught classes at a vocational school in Münster. Later in his career, he worked as a bookseller and private journalist in Berlin and Münster, publishing works on philosophy, religion, education, et al. Among his literary works were two books involving Hermesian philosophy:
 Hauptmomente der Hermesischen Philosophie (Key points of Hermesian philosophy), (1832)
 Über das Fürwahrhalten der theoretischen und das Fürwahrannehmen der praktischen Vernunft im Hermesischen Systeme (On theoretical truths and perceptions of practical reason in Hermesianism).

He was the author of a critique on Güntherianism called Über das historische Auffassen und wissenschaftliche Erfassen des Christentums. Ein Beitrag zur Würdigung der Spekulation der Güntherschen Schule (On the historical understanding and realization of Christianity, an article of evaluation regarding speculative Güntherianism).

Hast died in Münster on February 19, 1852, at the age of 43.

References 
  Literatur Westfalen (translated biography)

1808 births
1852 deaths
People from Ahaus
German philosophers
University of Münster alumni
German male writers
Bystrá () is a village and municipality in Brezno District, in the Banská Bystrica Region of central Slovakia.

Attractions
The gothic Roman Catholic church of St, Florian is located in the center of the village.

During winter Bystra is mainly popular for ice-skating and winter walks. Until the 2010s Bystra also had its own ski slope. During winter the competition for the tastiest sausage is held in Bystra.

During summer the main touristic attractions are hiking and visits to the caves. There are two caves in Bystra:
 Bystrianska cave
 Cave of dead bats

Notable personalities
František Švantner, writer

Genealogical resources

The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Banska Bystrica, Slovakia"

 Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1788-1923 (parish B)

See also
 List of municipalities and towns in Slovakia

References

External links
Surnames of living people in Bystra

Villages and municipalities in Brezno District
The Lady Aoi is a play written by Yukio Mishima in 1954, which appears in his Five Modern Noh Plays. It modernizes the noh drama Aoi no Ue.

English Version 
Donald Keene has translated this play into English.

Notable productions 

Bahram Beyzai produced this play in Persian in Tehran in 1998.

References 

Plays by Yukio Mishima
1954 plays
Tell Township is a defunct township in Emmons County, North Dakota, United States. Its population as of the 2000 Census was 39. The township was dissolved on March 13, 2007, and added to the census-designated North Emmons Unorganized Territory.

References

External links
U.S. Census map of Tell Township as of the 2000 Census

Former townships in Emmons County, North Dakota
Defunct townships in North Dakota
Clavelina picta, common name the painted tunicate, is a species of tunicate (sea squirt), in the genus Clavelina (the "little bottles"). These animals, like all ascidians, are sessile filter feeders.

Description
Clavelina picta have variable cool colours. The rims of the siphons are reddish to dark purple. Their bodies are translucent. 

Clavelina picta are invertebrate filter feeders that feed by inducing a current into the branchial cavity from the incurrent siphon, with the help of the endostyle using cilia. Mucus glands in the endostyle, secretes mucus used to filter through the incoming water and food particles. Once sorted, the mucus is moved by cilia to move food into the esophagus along the dorsal groove. The diet of a tunicate is mostly made of algae and plankton. Tunicates also have tentacles that keep larger particles from entering the oral siphon.

Tunicates, including C. picta, also have defensive measures such as acids or allelochemicals to inhibit microbes and predator organisms from infecting or consuming them.  These properties make them valuable to pharmaceutical companies. Vanadium, an elemental metal is also found in some tunicates, including C. picta, as a metabolic poison and this can help make them unpalatable to predators.

Taxonomy
Under the phylum Chordata, the Urochordates or Tunicata, do not have vertebrae but as larvae they have dorsal nerve cords and notochords. Tunicate larvae are also free-swimming and look like tadpoles. Larvae lose these distinctions when developing into an adult. This is hypothesized to be related to the habitat tunicates have adapted to. Tunicates are the closest living relative to vertebrates.

Distribution
This species is found in the waters of Florida, Bahamas, and the Caribbean. Colonies are found in or around reefs and are mesopelagic benthic organisms staying towards the shore.

Habitat
Clavelina picta often occurs in large clusters attached to black coral, sponges, and gorgonians. Colonies may contain hundreds of individuals. C. picta form colonies that may contain hundreds of individuals. Larvae settle and use papillae to attach to a surface. The larvae use sensory organs to find a suitable habitat. These larval organs include eye spots and otoliths. The eye spot is used to detect light and otoliths to help orient the larvae to gravity.

Because of the toxicity or odor of their skin, tunicates have few predators but sharks, reef fish, sea stars, snails, and crabs will sometimes eat tunicates.

Reproduction
Clavelina picta can reproduce through asexual and sexual means. Asexual reproduction occurs through blastogenesis.  Blastogenesis is reproduction through budding where somatic tissues develop into an embryo. Sexual reproduction in tunicates occurs by a single egg being fertilized. For the most part, tunicates are hermaphroditic, meaning they possess sperm and egg to reproduce independently. Fertilization occurs in the water through spawning, where the tunicates will release sperm and eggs to be fertilized and the larvae will settle next to adults.

References

Aplousobranchia
Animals described in 1900
Waterfall Seaplane Base  is a public-use seaplane base located in Waterfall on Prince of Wales Island in the Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is owned by the Waterfall Cannery Resort.

As per Federal Aviation Administration records, Waterfall SPB had 2,072 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008, a decrease of 7% from the 2,237 enplanements in 2007.

Facilities and aircraft 
Waterfall Seaplane Base has one seaplane landing area designated NW/SE, which measures 10,000 by 1,000 feet (3,048 x 305 m). It is unattended and the dock is removed in winter months (October through March). For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2006, it had 1,600 aircraft operations, an average of 133 per month: 94% air taxi and 6% general aviation.

References

External links 
 FAA Alaska airport diagram (GIF)

 Waterfall Resort

Airports in the Prince of Wales–Hyder Census Area, Alaska
Seaplane bases in Alaska
Phillip Hagar Smith (April 29, 1905 in Lexington, Massachusetts – August 29, 1987 in Berkeley Heights, New Jersey) was an electrical engineer, who became famous for his invention of the Smith chart. Smith graduated from Tufts College in 1928 with a BS degree in electrical engineering. While working for Bell Telephone Laboratories, he invented his eponymous Smith chart (which was also invented independently in 1937 by Tōsaku Mizuhashi () and in 1939 by  ()).

When asked why he invented the chart, Smith explained, "From the time I could operate a slide rule, I've been interested in graphical representations of mathematical relationships." In 1969 he published the book Electronic Applications of the Smith Chart: In Waveguide, Circuit, and Component Analysis, a comprehensive work on the subject. He retired from Bell Labs in 1970. He was elected a fellow of the Institute of Radio Engineers in 1952.

Although best known for his Smith chart, he made important contributions in a variety of fields, including radar, FM, and antennas (including use of the Lüneburg lens).

The IEEE History Center conducted an interview with Smith in 1973, the edited transcript and audio clips from which are on the web.

References

1905 births
1987 deaths
Scientists at Bell Labs
Tufts University School of Engineering alumni
20th-century American engineers
The Manifesto of the 101 was a document expressing strong dissent from the Soviets, following the  Soviet invasion of Hungary in October 1956, signed by 101 prominent Italian communists.

History
After the Budapest uprising and its ruthless repression by the U.S.S.R. Red Army the manifesto was signed by 101 Italian communist intellectuals. The document (known as "Il Manifesto dei 101"- "The Manifesto of 101") was conceived and initially drafted by philosopher Lucio Colletti, historians Luciano Cafagna and Francesco Sirugo, all three Communist Party (PCI) members. It was co-signed by 98 more intellectuals, among whom were historians Renzo De Felice and Alberto Caracciolo, and strongly endorsed by Antonio Giolitti, a leading personality and member of parliament. 

The "manifesto" was submitted to the Direction Bureau of the PCI with the intent of initiating an internal debate on the Budapest events. It was leaked to the press and provoked a brutal reaction by the Party's leadership and the Direction Bureau; any debate attempt was rejected while the document's authors, labelled as "traitors", were threatened with heavy political consequences. First worried by the public diffusion of the "manifesto" then more seriously intimidated by the Party leadership's reaction, a few of the signatories retracted their adhesion while others, who refused to do so, resigned. MP Antonio Giolitti left the following year, in 1957. 

This episode of dissent was followed by a more general re-thinking on the legitimacy of Communism and its compatibility with democracy and intellectual freedom. Among the Manifesto's promoters, some (Cafagna, De Felice, Sirugo, Colletti) ended up, although at different stages, cutting ideological ties with Communism.

References

Political history of Italy
1956 in Italy
Communism in Italy
Hungarian Revolution of 1956
1956 documents
John Oller is an American biographer, historian, and former Wall Street attorney.

Early life and education
Oller was born in Huron, Ohio. He earned a B.A. in journalism, graduating summa cum laude from Ohio State University in 1979, where he wrote and edited the daily student newspaper, the Lantern, and interned as a reporter at The Plain Dealer in Cleveland and the Rochester Times-Union. Oller graduated magna cum laude from Georgetown University Law Center in 1982.

Career

Attorney
Following law school, Oller became an associate and later a partner in the litigation department of white-shoe law firm Willkie Farr & Gallagher in New York City, where he represented Major League Baseball, including in the George Brett Pine Tar Incident as well as the Pete Rose sports betting case, as described in the Dowd Report. In 2004, he authored a history of the firm. Oller retired from legal practice in 2011 to focus on writing.

Works

Rogues' Gallery (2021)
Rogues' Gallery: The Birth of Modern Policing and Organized Crime in Gilded Age New York is a history of crime and policing in New York City from approximately 1870 to 1910.

White Shoe (2019)
White Shoe: How a New Breed of Wall Street Lawyers Changed Big Business and the American Century is a history of the American white-shoe firm.

The Swamp Fox (2016)
The Swamp Fox: How Francis Marion Saved the American Revolution is a biography of American guerrilla warrior Francis Marion.

American Queen (2014)
American Queen: The Rise and Fall of Kate Chase Sprague: Civil War "Belle of the North" and Gilded Age Woman of Scandal  is a biography of Washington political hostess Kate Chase.

An All-American Murder (2014)
An All-American Murder is about the 1975 murder of 14-year-old Christie Lynn Mullins in Columbus, Ohio, a case that went unsolved for 40 years. Oller, a student at Ohio State University in Columbus when the murder occurred, began investigating the case in 2013. He had just finished writing American Queen, and stumbled into the cold case on a website for amateur unsolved-homicide sleuths as he was looking for a new writing project. In 2015 the Columbus police department credited Oller with tracking down the information that solved the case; after a renewed investigation, the police concluded that Mullins was murdered by Henry Newell Jr., who had died of cancer in September 2013, at age 63.

One Firm – A Short History of Willkie Farr & Gallagher, 1888 –  (2004).
One Firm – A Short History of Willkie Farr & Gallagher, 1888 –  is a history of the firm at which Oller was a law partner.

Jean Arthur: The Actress Nobody Knew (1997)
Jean Arthur: The Actress Nobody Knew is a biography of American actress Jean Arthur.

Personal life
A golfer, Oller won Willkie Farr & Gallagher's annual golf tournament in Florida a record four times.

References

20th-century American biographers
Ohio State University alumni
Georgetown University Law Center alumni
20th-century American lawyers
People associated with Willkie Farr & Gallagher
20th-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)