Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Laird of Burnbrae was a hereditary title in Scotland that was held by several generations in the Primrose family. The Lands of Burnbrae was situated near Kincardine, and has since been joined with Kincardine.

The book, Culross and Tulliallan, states that the Lands of Burnbrae were previously held by the Blaw family until it was passed on to the Primrose family when Margaret Blaw married Archibald Primrose, who then became the first proprietor of that name to hold the lands of Burnbrae. The Primrose family held the title to the Lands of Burnbrae for over two hundred years until it became incorporated with the Tulliallan estate.

The Lairds of Burnbrae resided in Tulliallan, formerly in Perthshire, Scotland although in some early sources Tulliallan is cited as part of Fife, where it currently lies. The family is related to the Lord Dalmeny (a subordinate title of the Earl of Rosebery), whose family surname is also Primrose.

Lairds of Burnbrae 
Archibald Primrose was the first Laird of Burnbrae. He was born about 1538 in Culross to Duncan Primrose and Helen Smyth. Archibald married Margaret Blaw about 1564 in Culross.

Peter Primrose is the second known Laird of Burnbrae and uncle of the first Laird. He was born about 1512 and died in July 1584.

Henry Primrose is the third known Laird of Burnbrae. He was born in 1536 to Peter Primrose. Henry married Margaret Beveridge in about 1558 and died in 1576.

Peter Primrose is the fourth known Laird of Burnbrae. He was born in 1560 to Henry Primrose and Margaret Beverage. Peter married Margaret Callender and died in 1609.

John Primrose is the fifth known Laird of Burnbrae. He was born about 1590 to Peter Primrose and Margaret Callender. It is unknown who the mother(s) of his children are but it is recorded that he married Elizabeth Sands on 20 September 1665 in Culross, Fife, Scotland. John died in December 1669.

John Primrose is the sixth known Laird of Burnbrae. He was born about 1617 to John Primrose, and married Margaret Reiddock.

John Primrose is the seventh known Laird of Burnbrae. He was christened on 26 December 1648 in Culross, Fife, Scotland to John Primrose and Margaret Reiddock. John married Christian Wannan on 24 October 1680.

William Primrose is the eighth known Laird of Burnbrae. He was born on 16 May 1685 to John Primrose and  Christian Wannan. William married Janet Drysdale on 6 April 1716. Janet was born on 3 February 1689 to John Drysdale and Margaret Love.

John Primrose is the ninth known Laird of Burnbrae. He was christened on 3 May 1719 to William Primrose and Janet Drysdale. John married Janet Primrose about 1745.

James Primrose is the tenth and last known Laird of Burnbrae. He was born about 1746 to John Primrose and  Janet Primrose. He was also known by the title "esquire". James married Jane Lawrie about 1784 and died November 1827; his wife died in April 1832.

References

Burnbrae
People from Kincardine, Fife
The Capitol Theatre, was located in Prince's Street, just off O'Connell Street, Dublin and began life on 10 August 1920 as the La Scala Theatre and Opera House designed by architect T.F. McNamara it had two balconies in the 1,900 seat auditorium with 32 private boxes. Despite its name, the La Scala was a cinema. Paramount Pictures took over the lease on the building and renamed it the Capitol in 1927. Under new management, the Capitol ran a live show every week to accompany the current film. Well-known Irish acts to appear in these shows included Peggy Dell, Martin Crosbie, brother of Paddy Crosbie, creator of the School Around the Corner, and Sean Mooney. The last stage show was on 29 October 1953. The Capitol continued as a cinema until 1972. It was demolished along with the adjacent Metropole Cinema and a branch of the department store chain British Home Stores was built on the site. This in turn closed and was replaced by a branch of the Irish Penneys chain.

References

Ryan, Philip B.: The Lost Theatres of Dublin (Westbury, Wiltshire: The Badger Press, 1998), .

Theatres in Dublin (city)
Joyeuse (; ; meaning "joyous, joyful") was, in medieval legend, the sword wielded by Charlemagne as his personal weapon. A sword identified as Joyeuse was used in French royal coronation ceremonies since the 13th century, and is now kept at the Louvre Museum.

Description
 
The overall height of the sword is  with the blade portion making up  of that. It is  wide at the base, and  thick. Its total weight is .

In legend
Some legends claim Joyeuse was forged to contain the Lance of Longinus within its pommel. The blade may have been smithed from the same materials as Roland's Durendal and Ogier's Curtana.

A children's book from the early 20th century tells that "One priceless thing Charlemagne ever carried in his belt and that was Joyeuse, the Sword Jewellous, which contained in a hilt of gold and gems the head of the lance that pierced our Saviour's side. And thereto he wore a pilgrim's pouch — 'against my faring to Jerusalem, or, if that may not be, to remind me that our life is but a pilgrim's way, and our joy but a pilgrim's rest, and our hope a palm.'"

The 11th century Song of Roland describes the sword thus:

Some seven hundred years later, Bulfinch's Mythology described Charlemagne using Joyeuse to behead the Saracen commander Corsuble as well as to knight his comrade Ogier the Dane.

The town of Joyeuse, in Ardèche, is supposedly named after the sword: Joyeuse was allegedly lost in a battle and retrieved by one of the knights of Charlemagne; to thank him, Charlemagne granted him an appanage named Joyeuse.

Baligant, a general of the Saracens in The Song of Roland, named his sword Précieuse, in order not to seem inferior to Charlemagne.

Coronation sword of the French kings
A sword identified with Charlemagne's Joyeuse was carried in front of the Coronation processions for French kings, for the first time in 1270 (Philip III), and for the last time in 1824 (Charles X). The sword was kept in the Treasury of Saint-Denis since at least 1505, before it was moved to the Louvre in 1793.

This Joyeuse as preserved today is a composite of various parts added over the centuries of use as coronation sword. But at the core, it consists of a medieval blade of Oakeshott type XII, mostly dated from about the 10th century. Martin Conway argued the blade might date from the early 9th century, suggesting that it was indeed the sword of Charlemagne, while Guy Laking dated it to the early 13th century. Some authors have even argued that the medieval blade may have indeed been replaced by a modern replica in 1804 when the sword was prepared for the coronation of Napoleon.

The Louvre's official website dates the pommel from the 10th to 11th centuries, the crossguard to the 12th and the scabbard to the 13th century.

Gallery

References

 

Charlemagne
European swords
European weapons
Medieval European swords
Objets d'art in the Louvre
Individual weapons
Medieval legends
FKU Corrective Colony No. 2 of the FSIN of Russia for the Republic of Mordovia, or simply IK-2 Yavas, is a women's prison in Russia. It is located near Yavas, about  southeast of Moscow.

WNBA player Brittney Griner was briefly incarcerated in the facility before being released in a December 2022 prisoner exchange for Viktor Bout.

Conditions 
Prisons in Mordovia are regarded by many as having conditions harsher than most Russian prisons. According to University of Helsinki sociologist Olga Zeveleva, who works with the Gulag Echoes project studying Russian prison conditions, "Prisons in Mordovia are notoriously terrible, even by Russian standards. The prisons there are known for the harsh regimes and human rights violations." According to The Guardian, a popular saying among female prison inmates in Russia is "If you haven’t done time in Mordovia, you haven’t done time at all." The prison was built as a part of a system of similar prisons in the region in the 1930s during the Soviet era. University of Oxford scholar Judith Pallot described the prison as being "stuck in time for 50 years." Violence from other prisoners and prison guards is not as frequent as in men's prisons, but is not uncommon.

Prisoners at IK-2 Mordovia and human rights organizations have lodged complaints about conditions. Former inmate Olga Shilayeva, who was released in 2017, described frequent beatings by Vyacheslav Kimyaev, then a senior official. Kimyaev was later placed in charge of the facility. He was replaced by Yelena Pozdnyakova after a 2021 investigation by Russian authorities. Because of its remote location, human rights organizations have little access for scrutinizing conditions.

Housing 
Inmates are housed dormitory-style with 100 bunk beds in a large room. Personal belongings are not permitted. There is little supervision at night.

Schedule 
Prisoners wake at 6 a.m. with group exercises, then operate sewing machines for 10-12 hours per day producing uniforms for military and prison service members.

Notable inmates 
In November 2022 Brittney Griner was transferred to IK-2 to serve a nine-year sentence for possession of medically prescribed vape cartridges containing less than 1 gram total of hashish oil. The Guardian wrote that according to Pallot and other human rights experts, "it was no coincidence that the authorities had chosen to send Griner to IK-2."
On December 8, 2022 the U.S. swapped Griner for convicted Russian arms dealer Viktor Bout.

See also 

 List of prisons
 Prisons in Russia

Notes

References 

Prisons in Russia
Women's prisons
Charles Evelyn Baring, 2nd Baron Howick of Glendale (born 30 December 1937), is a member of the Baring family and the son of Evelyn Baring, 1st Baron Howick of Glendale. He is well known as an arboriculturalist and plant collector. He is the creator of the Howick Arboretum at Howick Hall, one of the largest collections of wild origin plants in the United Kingdom. He was educated at Eton College and New College, Oxford. Baring inherited Howick Hall on the death of Charles Grey, 5th Earl Grey, who did not pass on the ownership to the 6th Earl as his heirs opted to move out instead.

He served as a director of Barings Bank (1969–82) and on the executive committee of the National Art Collections Fund. He was a director of Northern Rock plc (1987–2001). He is married to the former Clare Nicolette Darby, daughter of Col. Cyril Darby MC, of Kemerton Court. They have four married children, and fourteen grandchildren. His mother Lady Mary Cecil Grey (1907–2002) died aged 94.

Family tree

References

External links
 Howick Hall Gardens website

Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
1937 births
Living people
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of New College, Oxford
English gardeners
English horticulturists
People from Northumberland
Charles
Howick of Glendale
Trouble's Door is the sixth studio album by Australian blues musician Ash Grunwald. It was released in May 2012, peaking at number 29 on the ARIA Charts; his highest charting album.

Upon release, Grunwald said the album involved "some of my most personal songwriting", laying the foundations for "his most internal album to date".

At the APRA Music Awards of 2013 "Longtime" won "Blues & Roots Work of the Year"

Reception

Andrew Nock from Music Feeds said "Across the record, Ash complements his voice with expert guitar playing that delves in influences of blues and roots, country, and psychedelia. His use of different guitar effects are one of many elements that give each track their own signature feeling and sound, which is impressive considering he uses the same base instruments for each track." adding "There is not a single dull moment on this record. As the mood shifts with each song, you are pulled into another experience, and there are many to be had. A refreshing listen from start to finish."

Tyler Quiring from Blues Rock Review said "There's a lot here to appeal to fans of many genres, as Grunwald makes himself and his music very accessible and easy to appreciate. His songwriting flawlessly interweaves clever lyrics through a metrical tapestry of tunes. As he effortlessly combines traditional and non-traditional instrumentation and musical methods, his true talent quickly rises to the surface." calling it "a tight and well-executed record.".

NZ Herald said the album "...channel blues musicians of old, mixed in with a little Ben Harper and The Black Keys" but added "the lyrical material sometimes gets a little overbearing in its political protest, and though he has all the right raw ingredients, these 12 songs don't reach the compelling genius of The Black Keys."

Track listing

Charts

Release history

References

2012 albums
Ash Grunwald albums
Zinaida Arsenyevna Kvachadze (; 25 September 1921, Batumi – 2005, Tbilisi) was a Soviet and Georgian politician. 

She was appointed Minister of Trade in 1957.

References

1921 births
2005 deaths
20th-century women politicians from Georgia (country)
People from Batumi
Government ministers of Georgia (country)
Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples
Recipients of the Order of Honor (Georgia)
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Samogitia National Park or Žemaitija National Park is a national park in Lithuania. It is situated on the Samogitian Highlands, 45 km from the Baltic Sea. Lakes cover more than 7% of its territory. Lake Plateliai (12.05 km2, 47 m depth) is the largest lake. The town of Plateliai, situated on the shore of the lake, is the seat of the park's administration and a popular tourist destination. The Park has Category II in the classification of the IUCN.

Nature 
The hilly relief of the Samogitian Park was formed by the melting glacier about 12,000 years ago. The resulting hills are relatively high, about 150–190 meters. Lakes occupies more than 7%. park territories, the largest Samogitia Plateliai Lake is concentrated here, in addition to which there are 25 smaller lakes.

Forests occupy about 45 percent of the park. all areas. The forested wetlands of Plokštinė and Rukundžiai, the hydrographic complexes of Plateliai Lake, Laumalenka and Šilinė, the valleys of the Gardai esker, Babrungas and Mergupis rivers, Paburgė, Siberia, Pakastuva, Užpelkiai, Ertenis and Paparčiai wetlands are especially valuable for science. and Pailgis forests and Juodupis wetlands ecosystems, rare plants and animals. Rare Atlantic salmon and freshwater whitefish Coregonus albula and Coregonus lavaretus breed in Plateliai Lake.

Grows to 7.2 m in volume, 2.1 m in diameter and 34 m in height . Next to the park, in the village of , lies the largest boulder in Lithuania, the Barstyčiai stone. Wolves and lynxes found home here. Nine species of bats fly at night.

See also
 List of national parks in the Baltics

References 

National parks of Lithuania
Protected areas established in 1991
1991 establishments in Lithuania
Tourist attractions in Telšiai County
Samogitia
Help! Somebody Get me out of Fourth Grade! is the seventh book in the Hank Zipzer book series.  It was written by Henry Winkler and Lin Oliver, and released in December 2004 by Grosset & Dunlap.

Plot summary
When his parents get called for a parent-teacher conference, Hank just knows his teacher is going to tell them he is being held back. Hank and his best friends Ashley Wong and Frankie Townsend plans to send Hank's parents to a rock concert in Philadelphia at the same date and they accept! Hank is thrilled to be going into fifth grade. until his parents come back early! Hank remembers that it's family game night, so he decides to go to the pizza parlor and play in the arcade. Everything is going fine until Hank’s teacher, Mrs. Adolf, calls and reminds Hank's parents about the conference. They decide to postpone the trip and visit. After the conference, Hank finds out that he will have to attend summer school in order to pass the 4th grade.

Main characters
Hank Zipzer – Hank is a fourth-grader at P.S. 87 who has dyslexia. Frankie Townsend and Ashley Wong are his two best friends. His real name is Henry Daniel.
Frankie Townsend – Frankie is Hank's best friend who is described as being very smart.
Ashley Wong – Ashley, dubbed Ashweena by Hank and Frankie, is Hank's other best friend who loves rhinestones.
Nick McKelty – Nick, dubbed "Nick the Tick" by the Magik 3 (the group formed by Hank, Frank, and Ashley), is their rival. He often teases Hank for his dyslexia and is described as being annoying and a braggart.
Randi Zipzer – Hank's mother, who runs the Crunchy Pickle Deli and insists that the family eat healthily.
Mrs. Adolf – Hank's teacher. She is described as being very boring and strict.

References

External links

Official website

2004 children's books
2004 American novels
American children's novels
Dyslexia in fiction
Al-Ḥasan ibn al-ʿAbbās () was an Aghlabid military commander who fought in Sicily against the Byzantine Empire.

He was appointed as the governor (ṣāḥib Ṣiqilliya) of the Aghlabid-controlled portion of Sicily in late 880, succeeding al-Husayn ibn Rabah. The Byzantines had regained confidence in the previous year, following a series of naval victories by the admiral Nasar (at Cephalonia and Stelai), encouraging Emperor Basil I the Macedonian to envisage a counteroffensive to drive the Arabs from Sicily as well as southern Italy.

In spring 881 Hasan launched a series of raids against the remaining Byzantine positions in eastern Sicily. He himself led the main force to ravage the environs of Catania, and then towards Taormina. The local Byzantine commander, Barsakios, tried to stop him, but was defeated and forced to retreat to the safety of the city's walls. Later in 881 or early 882, however, the Byzantines under Mosilikes scored a major victory over an Arab army under Abu Thawr at the Battle of Caltavuturo, Hasan was dismissed from his post.

References

Sources
 
 

9th-century Arab people
People of the Muslim conquest of Sicily
Arab people of the Arab–Byzantine wars
Aghlabid governors of Sicily
See Zutik for the current Basque leftist party.

Zutik (Stand Up in Basque) was the internal organ of the Basque clandestine terrorist organization ETA. It was founded in 1961.

The current organ of ETA is named Zutabe (Pillar).

References

1961 establishments in Spain
Basque history
Basque-language magazines
Basque politics
Defunct magazines published in Spain
Defunct political magazines
Francoist Spain
Magazines established in 1961
Magazines with year of disestablishment missing
HMS Taurus was a Second World War T-class submarine, built by Vickers Armstrong, Barrow.

Career

As HMS Taurus
The submarine was laid down on 30 September 1941, and launched on 27 June 1942. Taurus was commissioned on 3 November 1942 with the pennant number P339. She served in the Mediterranean and the Pacific Far East during the Second World War.  Whilst serving in the Mediterranean, she sank the small French merchant Clairette, the Spanish merchant Bartolo, the Italian merchant Derna, the French tug Ghrib and two barges, the Portuguese Santa Irene , the small Italian tanker Alcione C., the Italian sailing vessel Luigi, twenty eight Greek sailing vessels, and the small Greek ship Romano.  She also damaged a further two sailing ships and the Greek merchant Konstantinos Louloudis. It was during this period off the Greek coast she had the unusual distinction of engaging a Bulgarian cavalry unit while bombarding a small port.

She was transferred to the Far East to operate against the Japanese, where she sank the Japanese submarine , two Japanese tugboats and a barge and the Japanese salvage vessel Hokuan I-Go.  She also laid a number of mines, which damaged the Japanese submarine  and sank the Japanese transport ship Kasumi Maru. 
 
Having survived the war, Taurus was transferred to the Royal Netherlands Navy on 4 June 1948 and commissioned into service the same day. She was renamed Dolfijn.

As HNLMS Dolfijn

Dolfijn had a relatively quiet career, making a number of cruises before being decommissioned on 7 November 1953 and transferred back to the Royal Navy.

As HMS Taurus again

Dolfijn was recommissioned into the Royal Navy on 8 December 1953 and her name returned to the original HMS Taurus.  She served for another seven years before being sold to be broken up for scrap in April 1960.

References

Publications

External links
 IWM Interview with Mervyn Wingfield, who commanded HMS Taurus from 1942 to 1944

 

British T-class submarines of the Royal Navy
Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness
1942 ships
World War II submarines of the United Kingdom
Zwaardvisch-class submarines
Cold War submarines of the United Kingdom
Torna Fort, also known as Prachanda gad, is a large fort located in Pune district, in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is historically significant because it was the first fort captured by Chhatrapati Shivaji in 1646, at the age of 16. The hill has an elevation of  above sea level, making it the highest hill-fort in the district. The name derives from Prachanda (Marathi for huge or massive) and gad (Marathi for fort).

History

This fort is believed to have been constructed by the Shiva Panth in the 13th century. A Menghai Devi temple, also referred to as the Tornaji temple, is situated near the entrance of the fort. Malik Ahmed, a Bahamani ruler, captured this fort during the reign of Alauddin Khilji during the late 1470s.

In 1646, Shivaji captured this fort at the age of sixteen , thus making it one of the first forts that would become one of the forts of the Maratha empire. 
Shivaji renamed the fort ' 'Prachandagad' ' as Torna, and constructed several monuments and towers within it.

In the 18th century, the Mughal empire briefly gained control of this fort after the assassination of Shivaji's son Sambhaji raje. Aurangzeb, the then Mughal emperor, renamed this fort Futulgaib in recognition of the difficult defense the Mughals had to overcome to capture this fort. It was restored to the Maratha confederacy by the Treaty of Purandar.

Location
The fort is about 50 km via Pabe ghat southwest of Pune in the Western Ghats of the Sahyadri mountain ranges at the base village Velhe. One can go from Pune via Satara road and take right at Nasarapur village. This distance is near about 65 km. It is the highest fort in Pune district.

Tourism
The Torna Fort is a popular destination for trekkers specially after the south-west monsoon, from September to December. Staying at fort isn't allowed as per orders of District Collector, everyone is asked to leave the fort after 5:00pm. The Raigad, Lingana, Rajgad, Purandar fort, Sinhagad are seen from Torna.

Gallery

References

Forts in Pune district
The 1977 National Camogie League is a competition in the women's team field sport of camogie was won by Wexford, who defeated Cork in the final, played at Castleboro.

Arrangements
Cork, who did not compete in 1976-77, won the western zone with full points, defeating holders Tipperary, Clare, Galway and Limerick. Wexford lost in their first outing to Kilkenny, who in turn lost to Dublin, leaving all three counties on two points. In the play-offs Wexford then beat Kilkenny and Dublin but by the time these matches had been played, the final, fixed for mid-November had to be put forward to March. Wexford had beaten Cork by 3-8 to 1-3 in the open draw championship the previous July.

The Final
Bridget Doyle scored two goals as Wexford won the final by seven points. Agnes Hourigan wrote in the Irish Press: Last year’s runners-up became champions when they defeated a youthful and dashing Cork combination. Cork took some time to settle down. They were forced to make one change in their team before the start, Hannah Cortter replacing Margaret McCarthy. They had first class defenders in Marie Mackey and Betty Joyce, Pat Riordan and Pat Moloney were staunch worker sin centre field and Margarete O'Leary was a sharp-shooting quarter. Deirdre Cousins, Dorothy and Elsie Walsh and Kit Codd did well for the winners.Report of final in Irish Independent, March 6, 1978Report of final in Irish Examiner, March 6, 1978

Final stages

References

External links
 Camogie Association

1977 in camogie
1977
1978 in camogie