Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The GNU Core Utilities or coreutils is a package of GNU software containing implementations for many of the basic tools, such as cat, ls, and rm, which are used on Unix-like operating systems. 

In September 2002, the GNU coreutils were created by merging the earlier packages textutils, shellutils, and fileutils, along with some other miscellaneous utilities. In July 2007, the license of the GNU coreutils was updated from GPL-2.0-or-later to GPL-3.0-or-later.

The GNU core utilities support long options as parameters to the commands, as well as the relaxed convention allowing options even after the regular arguments (unless the  environment variable is set). This environment variable enables a different functionality in BSD.

See the List of GNU Core Utilities commands for a brief description of included commands.

Alternative implementation packages are available in the FOSS ecosystem, with a slightly different scope and focus, or license.  For example, BusyBox which is licensed under GPL-2.0-only, and Toybox which is licensed under 0BSD.

History
In 1990, David MacKenzie announced GNU fileutils.

In 1991, MacKenzie announced GNU shellutils and GNU textutils. Moreover, Jim Meyering became the maintainer of the packages (known now as coreutils) and has remained so since.

In 2002, Meyering announced GNU coreutils as a merger of the earlier packages textutils, shellutils, and fileutils, along with some other miscellaneous utilities.

See also

GNU Binutils
List of GNU Core Utilities commands
List of Unix commands
Toybox, a 0BSD licensed, all-in-one Linux command-line utility used in Android.
util-linux, a set of approximately 100 basic Linux system utilities not included in GNU Core Utilities, such as mount, fdisk, more, and kill.

Notes

References

External links
 
 The Heirloom Toolchest - An alternative set of utilities
 opensource.com article: gnu-core-utilities on  4 Apr 2018  by David Both (Correspondent) 

Free software programmed in C
Free system software
Core Utilities
Unix software
Tony O'Connor may refer to:

 Tony O'Connor (teacher) (1921 or 1922)
 Tony O'Connor (rugby union) (1934–2015), Welsh rugby union player
 Tony O'Connor (composer) (1961–2010), Australian composer, producer and performer
 Tony O'Connor (footballer) (born 1966), Irish football player
 Tony O'Connor (rower), Irish rower
 Tony O'Connor (judge), Irish judge
Finsch's bulbul (Iole finschii) is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is found on the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.  It is threatened by habitat loss.

Taxonomy and systematics
Finsch's bulbul was originally described in the genus Criniger, moved to the genus Alophoixus in 2009, and to genus Iole in 2020. Alternate names for Finsch's bulbul include the dwarf bearded bulbul, dwarf bulbul and Finsch's bearded bulbul. The common name and scientific name commemorate the German ethnographer, naturalist and colonial explorer Friedrich Hermann Otto Finsch.

References

Finsch's bulbul
Birds of Malesia
Finsch's bulbul
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
M. K. Kumaran  (1914–1994) was a writer, journalist and politician  of  Kerala, India. He was twice elected MP for Chirayinkeezhu, first in 1957, and again in 1962.

He was born on May 29, 1914, in Kottarakara, Kerala.  He increasingly became involved in political activities during his student days and began working (as a political activist?) with the State Congress, a political party which was formed in 1938 to demand responsible governance in the princely state of Travancore. He was educated at Maharaja's College of Arts and the Law College, Trivandrum, then worked as a lawyer for a short time before going into journalism.  Later he joined the Communist Party of India. Having involved in trade union activities in the former Travancore area of Kerala State, he stood in the Lok Sabha elections 1957 and won.   He stood again in 1962 and was re-elected. 

He died in 1994.  He had married in 1946 Shrimati C. N. Subhadra. His son M. K. Bhadrakumar, a former diplomat and author, has fulfilled assignments in the Soviet Union, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Germany, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Kuwait and Turkey.

Electoral history 
 Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha, Second Lok Sabha (1957—62)
 Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha, Third Lok Sabha (1962—67)

Works

 Rakthasakshi
 Pasternakkum Niroopakanmarum
 Tolstoyiyum Bharyayum
 Yamuna-Yude Theerathu 
 Chirakukal

References

Indian male writers
Indian communists
Indian materialists
Malayali people
People from Kollam district
Writers from Kerala
Malayalam-language writers
20th-century Indian translators
1994 deaths
1914 births
20th-century Indian journalists
Indian newspaper editors
India MPs 1957–1962
India MPs 1962–1967
Oliva rubrolabiata , common name the red-lip olive, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Olividae, the olives.

Description
The size of the shell varies between 35 mm and 47 mm.

Distribution
This marine species occurs off the New Hebrides, Vanuatu and New Caledonia.

References

 Fischer P. (1903). Description d´un Oliva provenant des Nouvelles Hébrides. J. de Conch. 50 pp. 409, 410

External links
 

rubrolabiata
Gastropods described in 1903
This article is a list of former National Football League (NFL) stadiums, their locations, the years of usage, and the teams that played inside the stadiums.

Early era (1920-1940) 

Teams that were not in the NFL while in the stadium or not in the NFL when they left a stadium will not be shown, and if they had the same stadium when they joined the NFL, the joined stadium section will be the year the team joined the NFL.

Merger era (1941-1970) 

Teams from the American Football League (AFL) as well as teams from the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) that removed their stadiums before their merger with the NFL does not count on here and teams that had the same stadium after the merger will be shown to be either in 1950 or in 1970.

Modern era (1971-present)

NFL stadiums used temporarily

References

Defunct National Football League venues
-
The Ayyubid watchtower is a stone tower dating back to the Ayyubid period (c. 1170-1250), more specifically in the year 1220, on the southern wall of the Amman Citadel in the center of the Jordanian capital, Amman. It is located in an area adjacent to the much older Temple of Hercules. It also contains traces of other civilizations that have succeeded in the city for thousands of years.

Description
The Ayyubids, who excelled in military architecture, constructed this tower for observation, as it overlooks the center of Amman. It consists of a small room of 9.45 m in length and 7.55 m in width. There are openings in three of its walls for shooting arrows. The fourth wall has, built into its width, a staircase leading to the roof. Blocks of cylindrical columns, which used to be a part of the Roman temple of Hercules, were used on the southern façade.

It is noteworthy that the Jordanian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities restored the building in the early 1990s, and turned to its present form.

History

Crusader presence on the Citadel Hill during the Kingdom of Jerusalem is so far based only on interpretations of Crusader sources. William of Tyre writes that in 1161 Philip of Milly received the castle of "Ahamant", seen to refer to Amman, as part of the lordship of Oultrejordain. In 1166 Philip joined the Knights Templar, passing on to them a large part of his fief, including the castle of Ahamant or "Haman", as it is named in a deed of confirmation. By 1170, Amman was in Ayyubid hands. The remains of the watch tower on Citadel Hill were at first attributed to the Crusaders, but are now preferentially dated to the Ayyubid period, leaving it to further research to find the location of the Crusader castle.

References

Archaeological sites in Jordan
Buildings and structures in Amman
13th-century establishments
1220
William Sedley (c1509-1553) was an English landowner and administrator from Kent who lived at Scadbury in the parish of Southfleet and served as Sheriff of the county in 1547.

References

People from Kent
High Sheriffs of Kent
16th-century English people
Seperacija is an artificial lake near Đurđevac, Croatia. It is a gravel pit, created in the mid-1960s.

Sources
https://web.archive.org/web/20130312001757/http://www.zsrk-djurdjevac.com/separacija.php 

Lakes of Croatia
Landforms of Koprivnica-Križevci County
Clements is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include: 

Alex Clements, Canadian-Born Trainee Solicitor
Andrew Clements, author
Andrew Jackson Clements, politician
Bill Clements, politician
Billy Clements, rugby league footballer of the 1920s
Charlie Clements, British actor
Chuck Clements, American football player
Dave Clements, North Irish football player
Earle C. Clements, Kentucky politician and governor
Frederic Clements, ecologist
George Clements, American Roman Catholic priest
Harry Clements (footballer), English footballer
James Clements, ornithologist
Jeremy Clements, NASCAR driver
Joe Clements, actor
John Clements (disambiguation), multiple people
Jonathan Clements, British author
Kenny Clements, English football defender
Logan Clements, California businessman and politician
Mark Alwin Clements, Australian botanist
Marie Clements, Canadian Métis playwright, performer, and director
Nate Clements (born 1979), American NFL cornerback
Nathaniel Clements, Irish politician
Nick Clements, linguist and phonologist

Rachel Clements, Australian filmmaker and co-founder of Brindle Films
Richard Clements (painter)
Richard Clements (journalist)
Rita Crocker Clements, First Lady of Texas; married to Bill Clements
Robert George Clements, physician and suspected serial killer
Ron Clements, American animation director
Roy Clements, author
Sasha Clements (born 1990), Canadian actress and model
Shane Clements (1958–2001), Australian cricketer
Stan Clements, football player
Stanley Clements, actor
Sylvester G. Clements, American politician
TC Clements, American politician
Tom Clements (disambiguation), multiple people
Vassar Clements (1928–2005), American fiddle player
 William L. Clements (1861-1934), collector of historical works and benefactor to the University of Michigan

English-language surnames
Iva Marín Adrichem (born 18 July 1998), known simply as Iva, is a Dutch-Icelandic singer and songwriter.

Career

Early career 
In 2011, at the age of 13, Iva participated in the first edition of Jólastjarnan ("Christmas Star"), an Icelandic singing competition for children, broadcast by Stöð 2. She auditioned with the song "Je hebt een vriend" by the Belgian girl group K3, which she had translated to Icelandic as "Þú átt þér vin". In 2012, Iva had a role in the opera La bohème, staged by The Icelandic Opera in the concert hall Harpa in Reykjavík. She later also played in their production of Carmen. In 2015, she represented her school Hamrahlíð Junior College in the Söngkeppni framhaldsskólanna with the song "Lovin' You", originally by Minnie Riperton. In 2016, she was a contestant in the second season of The Voice Iceland. She auditioned with the song "Wuthering Heights" by Kate Bush, but did not advance to the next round.

2020: Söngvakeppnin 

In 2020, Iva was selected by the Icelandic broadcaster Ríkisútvarpið (RÚV) to participate in Söngvakeppnin, the national preselection for the Eurovision Song Contest 2020. She competed in the second semi-final on 15 February 2020 with the song "Oculis Videre" (Latin for "to see with the eyes"), and qualified for the final which took place on 29 February 2020 in the Laugardalshöll in Reykjavík. The song was performed in Icelandic in the semi-final and was initially going to be sung in English in the final, but it was later decided that the song would be kept in Icelandic. In the final, she received a total of 37,498 votes from the jury and televote, placing third out of five finalists.

Personal life 
Iva was born in Reykjavík, Iceland to a Dutch father and an Icelandic mother. She was born with a genetic eye disorder and is blind. Her Dutch family is originally from Ens in the province of Flevoland. She grew up in Amsterdam, but moved to Iceland when she was 9 years old. In 2018, Iva moved back to the Netherlands to study classical singing at the Codarts Conservatory in Rotterdam.

Discography

Singles

References 

1998 births
Living people
21st-century Dutch women singers
21st-century Dutch singers
21st-century Icelandic women singers
Dutch people of Icelandic descent
21st-century Dutch women opera singers
Dutch women singer-songwriters
Dutch singer-songwriters
Icelandic people of Dutch descent
Icelandic opera singers
Icelandic women singer-songwriters
Icelandic singer-songwriters
Singers from Amsterdam
Musicians from Reykjavík
Blind singers
English-language singers from Iceland
The Voice (franchise) contestants
Icelandic people with disabilities
Dutch blind people
R-phrases (short for risk phrases) are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous substances and preparations. The list was consolidated and republished in Directive 2001/59/EC, where translations into other EU languages may be found.

These risk phrases are used internationally, not just in Europe, and there is an ongoing effort towards complete international harmonization using the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) which now generally replaces these risk phrases.

Risk phrases
Missing R-numbers indicate phrases that have been deleted or replaced by other phrases.

Combinations

R-phrases no longer in use
 R13: Extremely flammable liquefied gas.
 R47: May cause birth defects.

See also 
 List of S-phrases
 Material safety data sheet
 Risk and Safety Statements

References

External links 
 Chemical Risk & Safety Phrases. in 23 European Languages

Occupational safety and health
International standards
Safety codes
St Mary's Church is a Roman Catholic Parish church in Hexham, Northumberland. It was built from 1828 to 1830 in the Gothic Revival style. It is located on Battle Hill, opposite Hexham Park, close to the town centre. It is a Grade II* listed building.

History

Foundation
From the 1600s, local Catholics worshipped at Dilston Castle or in Stonecroft House in Newbrough. The mission at Dilston Castle was originally served by secular clergy. The mission at Stonecroft House was served by Dominicans. By 1722, the two missions had moved into Hexham itself. The secular priest at Dilston moved to Cockshaw in Hexham and the Dominican mission moved to Battle Hill before moving to the current Burn Brae House site in 1797. The mission at Dilston Castle continued and was served by Benedictines from Swinburne, Northumberland. On 5 September 1827, the two missions agreed to merge. The chapel in Cockshaw was sold for £600 and plans were made to build the church on the Burn Brae House site.

Construction
Two architectural plans were made for the new church, one by Ignatius Bonomi and the other by the priest Fr Michael Singleton. The parish went with the plan by Fr Singleton. On 22 April 1828 the foundation stone was laid and the church was built in the Gothic Revival style. During construction the east gable bellcote collapsed causing a delay. On 22 September 1830, the church was opened by Bishop Thomas Penswick, the Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District.

Developments
In 1832, a school was built across from the church, on the site of the current school. In 1930, it was rebuilt. In 1858, a Sisters of Mercy convent was built behind the church. In 1874, Dilston Castle was sold and five bodies were moved from the chapel there to the church and interred in the church vault. In 1957, the convent was converted into another school and the sisters moved to a house on Hencotes. In 1975, the school was converted into a parish centre before becoming the current presbytery in 2000.

In 1914, the roof fell in and in 1979 the church was refurbished and the sanctuary was reordered. The architect was Jack Lynn. After the renovation the church was re-opened by Hugh Lindsay, the Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle on 21 December 1979.

Parish
St Mary's Church is in the Hexham parish and along with St Oswald's Church in Bellingham, St Mary's Church in Swinburne, St Peter's Church in Otterburn, St John of Beverley Church in Haydon Bridge and St Wilfrid Church in Haltwhistle, is in the partnership of Heavenfield. St Mary's Church has three Sunday Masses at 6:00pm on Saturday, and 10:00am and 6:00pm on Sunday. St John of Beverley Church in Haydon Bridge has its Sunday Mass at 9:00am and St Oswald's Church in Bellingham has its Sunday Mass at 11:00am.

See also
 
 Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle

References

External links
 
 Partnership site

Hexham
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1830
hexham
hexham
hexham
hexham
hexham
hexham
Cory Provus (born July 7, 1978) is a sports television and radio broadcaster. He is the radio voice of the Minnesota Twins and calls select games on FOX. He currently works with Dan Gladden.

Early life and education
Provus grew up in Highland Park, Illinois. He graduated from Syracuse University's S. I. Newhouse School of Public Communications in 2000. Working at WAER-FM at SU campus, he did play by play and studio hosting for the Syracuse Orange sports.
While at Syracuse, he called baseball games for minor-league Auburn of the New York–Penn League.

Career
Provus began his career calling collegiate football, basketball, and baseball games for the Virginia Tech Hokies (2000-03), Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets, UAB Blazers (2006), and the Wake Forest Demon Deacons. Cory is a play-by-play announcer for a small package of Big Ten Network games and is a play-by-play announcer for college basketball on FOX.

He began his major league broadcasting career as the pregame/postgame host for radio broadcasts of the Chicago Cubs and backed up Pat Hughes. The Milwaukee Brewers then hired Provus in 2009, replacing Jim Powell who departed for a job with the Atlanta Braves, alongside Bob Uecker until 2012. Joe Block would replace him.

The Twins hired Provus to replace John Gordon who retired after the 2011 season.

Personal life
Provus lives in Minnetonka, Minnesota with his wife Dana; they have a son and daughter. Provus is Jewish. Brad Sham, Dallas Cowboys sportscaster, is his cousin.

References

External links
 Minnesota Twins Bio

1978 births
Living people
American Jews
American radio sports announcers
Chicago Cubs announcers
College baseball announcers in the United States
College basketball announcers in the United States
College football announcers
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets baseball broadcasters
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets men's basketball announcers
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football announcers
Lacrosse announcers
Major League Baseball broadcasters
Milwaukee Brewers announcers
Minnesota Twins announcers
Minor League Baseball broadcasters
People from Highland Park, Illinois
S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications alumni
Syracuse Orange men's basketball announcers
Syracuse Orange football announcers
Virginia Tech Hokies baseball announcers
Virginia Tech Hokies men's basketball announcers
Virginia Tech Hokies football announcers
David Dyment is a Canadian author and academic based in Ottawa, Canada. Most recently he taught at the Norman Paterson School of International Affairs and is a senior research associate in the Centre on North American Politics, both at Carleton University.  He has been a deputy director at Global Affairs Canada and has worked on the staff of the Governor General of Canada.  He is a director of Canadian International Council.

Biography
He received his doctorate from the Université de Montréal.

He is the author of Doing the Continental: A New Canadian-American Relationship, published by Dundurn Press in 2010. In May 2011, the book was listed on Quill & Quires bestseller list for non-fiction politics. A review  by Conrad Black appeared in the May 2011 issue of the Literary Review of Canada. 

He is a contributor to The Globe and Mail, the Toronto Star, the Vancouver Sun, and other Canadian newspapers. He has been a commentator on CTV, CBC Television, CBC Radio, Télévision de Radio-Canada and the BBC.

References

External links
 Official website

Canadian political scientists
Canadian non-fiction writers
Academic staff of the University of Ottawa
Academic staff of Carleton University
Université de Montréal alumni
Living people
1959 births
Prague is a 1992 British drama film directed by Ian Sellar. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival.

Cast
 Alan Cumming as Alexander Novak
 Sandrine Bonnaire as Elena
 Bruno Ganz as Josef
 Raphael Meiss as Ralph
 Henri Meiss as Paul
 Hana Gregorová as Jana
 Petr Jákl as Policeman
 Ljuba Skorepová as Neighbour
 Zdena Kecliková as Cleaner on the train
 Lubos Kafka as Boatman
 Jaroslav Jodl as Cleaner in the vaults
 Ladislav Lahoda as Barman

References

External links

1992 films
1992 drama films
British drama films
Films shot in the Czech Republic
1990s English-language films
1990s British films
Whitegate, Ireland may refer to:

Whitegate, County Clare
Whitegate, County Cork
Canyu (), also known as Participation or Participation Network,  is a United States-based rights protection and pro-democracy website, focusing on China's democracy movement,  human rights situation,  and commentary critical of the Chinese Communist Party. 

Canyu.org was launched in 2005 and is maintained by the China Free Press.  Due to the stand of the website, it received many cyberattacks made by hackers.  In January 2014, Canyu issued a statement stating that the website had been funded by the National Endowment for Democracy from 2005 to September 30, 2012.

Hacked
In January 2010, Canyu was hit by DDoS attacks, which prevented access to the website and resulted in the violation and destruction of the background data. In December 2016, canyu.org was hacked again by DDoS attacks.

References

Human rights in China
American news websites
2005 establishments in the United States