Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The 2015 African Youth Athletics Championships was the second edition of the biennial athletics competition for African athletes aged fifteen to seventeen, It was held in Reduit, Mauritius from 23–26 April. Mauritius had hosted the 2013 African Junior Athletics Championships two years earlier. A total of 38 events, 18 by boys and 20 by girls, were contested at the competition.

South Africa topped the medals table with seventeen gold medals and 29 medals overall. This marked a great improvement from the inaugural edition in 2013, having missed that event due to a lack of funding. Nigeria who were the previous host only managed to confirm participation due to a late intervention by an anonymous sponsor. The next most successful countries were Kenya (eight golds and 19 in total) and Nigeria (six medals, two of them gold). South Africa won all but one of the gold medals in the throws. Kenya won all the long-distance events at the championships. Eighteen of the twenty-seven participating nations reached the medal table. The host nation Mauritius took one gold medal, through octathlete Bryan Tonta, and ended with a total of seven medals.

As had happened at the 2013 edition, doubles were achieved in both 100 metres and 200 metres sprints: Gift Leotlela of South Africa topped the boys' rankings and his teammate Nicola de Bruyn took the girls' titles. A third athlete managed a double in the rest of the competition – Taylon Bieldt, also of South Africa, won both the girls' hurdling events.

Medal summary

Boys

Girls

Medal table

References

Results
Media Publications. COCAD 15. Retrieved on 2015-04-30.
Complete Results Boys. COCAD 15. Retrieved on 2015-04-30.
Complete Results Girls. COCAD 15. Retrieved on 2015-04-30.
Official Medal Table. COCAD 15. Retrieved on 2015-04-30.
AFRICAN YOUTH CHAMPS RESULTS . AllAthletics.co.za (2015-04-27). Retrieved on 2015-04-30.

External links
Official website

African Youth Athletics Championships
African Youth Athletics Championships
International athletics competitions hosted by Mauritius
African Youth Athletics Championships
Youth Athletics Championships
African Youth Athletics Championships
Youth Athletics Championships
Figure skating at the 2005 European Youth Olympic Winter Festival took place in Monthey, Switzerland between January 22 and 29, 2005. Skaters competed in the disciplines of men's singles and ladies' singles.

Results

Men

Ladies

External links
 results

European Youth Olympic Festival
Figure skating
International figure skating competitions hosted by Switzerland
2005 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival
2005
Himalayan Highs, an initiative launched by TVS Motor Company, which was an enabler for women riders to take up a long road trips on a Scooty Zest 110. The initiative gained fame in 2015 after India's Youngest Women stunt rider Anam Hashim became the first woman on a 110 cc scooter to complete the trip to Khardung La, a mountain pass in the Himalayas on a TVS ScootyZest 110. This pass is considered the world's highest motorable stretch and Anam's feat has been included in the India Book of Records.

For the Season 2 of Himalyan Highs, 10 women were shortlisted after a selection process that included 2000 entries from across India. Each woman was given a TVS Scooty Zest 110 with a choice of colour, while Anam Hashim led the team riding the Himalayan Highs Special Edition of the scooter. Himalayan Highs Season 2 kicked off on August 11, 2016, and concluded on August 21, 2016. The entourage earned themselves a place in India Book of Records for being the first group of women riders to conquer Khardung La on a 110cc scooter.

References

Indian television series
Scooty
Women in India
Cupidesthes vidua is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Angola and Zambia.

References

Butterflies described in 1929
Lycaenesthini
Jacques Cassard (30 September 1679 – 1740) was a French naval officer and privateer.

Biography 
Born on  30 September 1679  to a family of merchants of Nantes, Cassard began a career as a sailor at age 14 on the merchantmen owned by his family. In January 1697, he joined the French Navy on bombship Éclatante.

In 1700, Cassard became a merchantman captain. The next year, the War of the Spanish Succession broke out, and Cassard converted to a privateer. In 1705, he captained the privateer Saint Guillaume, capturing 12 merchantmen and raiding Cork. Two years later, he captured 13 merchantmen with the Duchesse Anne, earning a rank in the Navy.

In 1709, Cassard, promoted to Commander, was tasked to escort a 25-ship food convoy on the 68-gun Éclatant. On 29 April, supported by Sérieux, he defeated five English ships, allowing the convoy to safely reach Marseille.

The next year, Cassard lead a squadron comprising the 74-gun Parfait, the 58-gun Sérieux and the 50-gun Phénix and the 60-gun Sirène, with his flag on Parfait. He was tasked to escort an 84-ship convoy inbound from Smyrna that had become blockaded at Syracuse by a British fleet. He captured HMS Pembroke, while Sérieux secured the surrender of the 32-gun HMS Falcon in the 9 November Battle of Syracuse. The convoy reach Toulon.

In 1711, Cassard again secured the way for a 43-ship convoy bound for Pensacola.

In December 1711, Cassard obtained the command of a 6-ship squadron and embarked on an expedition in which he raided English, Dutch and Portuguese colonies in Cape Verde and in the Caribbean.

On 10 October 1712, Cassard captured the plantation of Meerzorg in Suriname for France, and threatened Paramaribo across the Suriname River. Negotiations started, and on 27 October Cassard left with ƒ747,350 (€8.1 million in 2018) worth of goods and slaves.

After the Treaty of Utrecht and the end of the war in 1713, Cassard started numerous trials to obtain payments.

Cassard retired in 1731. In 1736, he was declared insane after insulting the Cardinal de Fleury, and detained in Ham, where he died four years later.

Honours 
 Knight of the Order of Saint Louis (1719)
 Numerous ships of the French Navy named Cassard after him
 A Sea scout group (Scouts et Guides de France) is named after him in Nantes

See also 
 Cassard expedition

References

External links
 Edward Phillips Statham. Privateers and Privateering - Cambridge University Press, 2011, , Chapter XV "Jacques Cassard", pages 229-240

French privateers
French naval commanders in the War of the Spanish Succession
1679 births
1740 deaths
Military personnel from Nantes
Knights of the Order of Saint Louis
The Brutakhi were a Jewish polity of uncertain location and origin during the early 13th century.

History 
Giovanni da Pian del Carpine, a 13th-century papal legate to the court of the Mongol Khan Guyuk, gave a list of the nations the Mongols had conquered in his account. One of them, listed among tribes of the Caucasus, Pontic steppe and the Caspian region, was the "Brutakhi, who are Jews." Nikolay Karamzin pointed to the fact that Carpine meant Burtas by Brutaches.

Some translations read "Comani Brutakhi", (Comani Brutachi, qui sunt Iudii) which seems to indicate an alignment with the Cumans-Kipchaks; however, this reading has been challenged by many historians who have asserted that there should be a comma between the Comani and Brutakhi. However, earlier in the same list Giovanni refers to "Comania", leading some to regard the postulated comma as redundant and therefore highly suspect.

Unclear Identity 
The identity of the Brutakhi is unclear. Giovanni later relates that the Brutakhi shave their heads, a common Turkic custom. Some historians have theorized that the Brutakhi may have been a remnant of the Khazar people, or a result of some sort of missionary efforts. Alternatively, they may have been Cuman-Kipchak converts to Judaism (possibly connected to the Krymchaks or the Karaims). Another possibility is that the Brutakhi are connected to the Mountain Jews of Daghestan, who are believed to have ruled independent states at points in their history. Some scholars have speculated that "Brutakhi" may be a corruption of "Brutas" or "Burtas", a steppe tribe of uncertain ethnic affiliation mentioned by other medieval sources.

External links 

 Gutenberg E-text of Giovanni's account (in Latin)
 Fra Giovanni Di Plano Carpini. The Story of the Mongols Whom we Call the Tartars. Trans. Erik Hildinger. Boston: Branden Publishing, 1996.

References

Jewish polities
Caucasus Jews
Groups claiming Jewish descent
Turkic peoples of Asia
Turkic peoples of Europe
Nomadic groups in Eurasia
Medieval ethnic groups of Europe
Damon Way (born September 23, 1971) is an American designer, brand marketer, and entrepreneur. He co-founded DC Shoes in 1994. In 2008 he became a partner at Incase Designs, and transitioned to Chief Brand Officer. In 2016 he launched skateboarding apparel brand, FACT. In 2018 he cofounded spatial audio brand Syng, where he currently serves as Chief Brand Officer.

Early life
Damon Way was born in Portland, Oregon in 1971. He was brought up by his mother alongside younger brother, and professional skateboarder, Danny Way, in San Diego California.

Career
In 1991, he started Eightball clothing with friend Ken Block and Danny Way. They would go on to create a number of brands throughout the early 1990s: Droors Clothing, Dub Brand Outerwear, Blunt Snowboard Magazine, and DC Shoes. In 2004 DC Shoes was sold to Quiksilver.  In 2008 Damon left DCShoes to become the Chief Brand Officer and partner at Incase Designs. Damon launched FACT in June, 2016 as a new brand idea deriving from familiar elements of music and skateboarding he experienced through the '80s and '90s. In 2016 he joined ex-Apple designer Christopher Stringer to start Syng, a company committed to advancing spatial sound technologies.

References

External links
DC Shoes
Incase Designs
FACT
Syng

Living people
1971 births
American skateboarders
Businesspeople from Portland, Oregon
Marshall's horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus marshalli) is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is found in Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam.

References

Rhinolophidae
Mammals described in 1973
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Bats of Southeast Asia
San Pellegrino alla Sapienza o della Sapienza is a Gothic style, Roman Catholic church located at the intersection of via della Sapienza and via delle Terme in Siena, region of Tuscany, Italy. It is located across from the Teatro dei Rozzi.

History
A parish church of San Pellegrino is documented at the site since 1050. A hospital, named Santa Maria della Misericordia, was founded on the site in 1240, and enlarged in 1320s by the Blessed Andrea Gallerani. The hospital was suppressed in 1408. Part of the hospital was assigned to the University of Siena, who erected the Accademia Fisiocritica (1691) with Pirro Maria Gabbrielli. In 1758, the library founded by Sallustio Bandini was opened there.

Various reconstructions of the church have occurred over the centuries. A major reconstruction occurred in 1767 under Marchetti. Major works in the interior were added in the 17th century. The wall niches have six statues of Sienese saints, the ceiling is frescoed with stories of the Life of Mary, and the main altar has a painting by Giuseppe Nicola Nasini depicting the Birth of the Virgin.

Also of note in the church are earlier depictions of Blessed Andrea Gallerani attributed to the school of Simone Martini, a St Peter and Paul by Bartolomeo Bulgarini, and a 14th-century ivory triptych and icon of the Madonna di Monteguaitano, originally from the church of Maria Santissima del Rosario. Other frescoes in the church were painted by Giuliano Traballesi; canvases were present in 1840 by Lorenzo Feliciati and Jacopo Calvi, with statues by Giuseppe Mazzuoli. Underneath the church was the Oratory of the Beato Andrea Gallerrani, containing paintings by Salimbeni and Casolani.

Sources

Roman Catholic churches in Siena
Gothic architecture in Siena
Baroque architecture in Siena
18th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy
"Guilty" is a 1974 song by British vocal duo The Pearls. It was the group's final charting single in the UK.

"Guilty" reached No. 10 on the UK Singles Chart.  It became their greatest hit.

The song was included on a 2005 compilation of the group's hits entitled, A String of Pearls.

"Guilty" was also covered by American girl group First Choice.  Their version reached #103 in the U.S. and became a Top 20 R&B hit.

Charts
The Pearls

First Choice

References

External links
 Lyrics of this song
 
 

1974 singles
1974 songs
Bell Records singles
The Pearls songs
First Choice songs
Songs written by Ron Roker
Songs written by Gerry Shury
Marek Bęben (born 28 April 1958) is a retired Polish goalkeeper who played for Górnik Zabrze.

References

1958 births
Living people
Polish men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Górnik Zabrze players
People from Czeladź
Footballers from Silesian Voivodeship
Royal Crypt may refer to:

 Royal Crypt (Belgium), burial place of Belgian monarchs
 Royal Crypt of Superga, burial place of Italian monarchs

See also
 Burial sites of European monarchs and consorts
GomSpace is a manufacturer and operator  of nanosatellites for customers in the defense, academic, government and commercial markets. GomSpace's services include systems integration, nanosatellite platforms, constellation operations management and miniaturised radio technology. The company serves customers in more than 50 countries.

History 
GomSpace was founded in January 2007 and it is headquartered in Denmark. The letters G-O-M refer to the two elderly Muppet Show hecklers. The company has subsidiaries in Sweden, North America and Luxembourg. In 2016, GomSpace became listed on Nasdaq in Sweden and GomSpace Sweden was founded.

In October 2016, GomSpace bought the Swedish company NanoSpace from the Swedish Space Corporation. NanoSpace is developing MEMS-based miniature ion thruster for satellite navigation. using ionized xenon as a propellant. In 2018, NanoSpace changed name to GomSpace Sweden.

GomSpace has signed several contracts with the Luxembourg Government to develop advanced satellite operations facilities in Luxembourg. In 2021 the company signed a major deal to build and operate the Scout CubeMAP constellation, an advanced climate monitoring system. GomSpace has also collaborated to complete several research projects with universities and industrial partnerships.

References 

Spacecraft manufacturers
Technology companies of Denmark
Danish companies established in 2007
Jornal O Clarim (), is a trilingual (Portuguese-English-Chinese) weekly newspaper based in Macau, owned by the Diocese Macau, the oldest continuous Portuguese newspaper in Macau (GCS registration no.1)

Its head office is in Rua Formosa (美麗街) in Sé.

References

External links
 O Clarim in English

Newspapers published in Macau
Multilingual news services
Weekly newspapers
André Keith White (born May 20, 1959) is a Canadian musician, composer, recording engineer and educator. He is an associate professor in jazz studies at the Schulich School of Music in Montreal.

Early life
André White grew up in Roxboro, Quebec. He is the only child of Keith White, a schoolteacher and jazz pianist and Jeannine Cossette, a sales clerk and homemaker. He attended Riverdale High School, Vanier College, Concordia University, where he earned a BA in English Literature, and McGill University, where he earned a master's degree in Sound Recording (Tonmeister).

Music career
White plays both piano and drums. He began playing drums at age 12. In high school, he formed a band with his classmates including guitarist Bill Coon. Some of the notable jazz performers he has accompanied in the past 35 years include Benny Carter, Dizzy Gillespie, Pepper Adams, Jimmy Heath, Benny Golson, Steve Grossman, David Liebman, George Garzone, Junior Cook, Bob Berg, Bobby Watson, Cecil Payne, Sonny Greenwich, Pat LaBarbera, Sheila Jordan, Don Thompson, Kirk MacDonald, PJ Perry and Al McLean. André's trio, with Alec Walkington on bass, and Dave Laing on drums, has been playing together for over twenty-five years, and has served as rhythm section to many of Montreal's important bands, including quintets led by Kevin Dean and Reno De Stephano, and the big band of Joe Sullivan.

Partial Discography

External links
André White's personal website
Prof profile: André White (music), McGill University

References

Canadian jazz musicians
Academic staff of McGill University
People from Pierrefonds-Roxboro
1959 births
Living people
Christian Adán Larotonda Adán (born 26 May 1999) is a Venezuelan professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Primera División club Metropolitanos.

Club career
Born in Caracas, Larotonda began his career with Metropolitanos, making his professional debut for the club on 29 January 2017 against Atlético Venezuela, coming on as an 86th-minute substitute in a 0–0 draw. He scored his first professional goal for the club on 8 March 2020 against Mineros de Guayana.

On 18 March 2021, Larotonda scored his first Copa Sudamericana goal in a 2–0 victory over Academia Puerto Cabello. His performance during the match lead to him being named as the Copa Sudamericana Best Player of the Week.

International career
On 21 January 2020, Larotonda made his debut for the Venezuela under-23 side during the CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament against Chile, coming on as a substitute in a 1–0 defeat. In November 2020, Larotonda received his first call-up to the Venezuela seniors but had to withdraw from the side after contracting COVID-19.

Career statistics

References

1999 births
Living people
Footballers from Caracas
Venezuelan men's footballers
Venezuela men's international footballers
Venezuela men's youth international footballers
Venezuelan people of Italian descent
Men's association football midfielders
Metropolitanos FC players
Venezuelan Primera División players
21st-century Venezuelan people
Mycobacterium ulcerans is a species of bacteria found in various aquatic environments. The bacteria can infect humans and some other animals, causing persistent open wounds called Buruli ulcer. M. ulcerans is closely related to Mycobacterium marinum, from which it evolved around one million years ago, and more distantly to the mycobacteria which cause tuberculosis and leprosy.

Description
Mycobacterium ulcerans are rod-shaped bacteria. They appear purple ("Gram positive") under Gram stain and bright red ("acid fast") under Ziehl–Neelsen stain. On laboratory media, M. ulcerans grow slowly, forming small transparent colonies after four weeks. As colonies age, they develop irregular outlines and a rough, yellow surface.

Taxonomy and evolution
Mycobacterium ulcerans is a species of mycobacteria within the phylum Actinomycetota. Within the genus Mycobacterium, M. ulcerans is classified as both a "non-tuberculous mycobacterium" and a "slow-growing mycobacterium".

M. ulcerans likely evolved from the closely related aquatic pathogen Mycobacterium marinum around one million years ago. The two species are genetically very similar, and have identical 16S ribosomal RNA genes. However relative to M. marinum, M. ulcerans has undergone substantial genome reduction, shedding over a thousand kilobases of genetic content including nearly 1300 genes (23% of the total M. marinum genes) and sustaining the inactivation of an additional 700 genes. Some of these genes were inactivated by the proliferation of two mobile genetic elements, called "IS2404" (213 copies) and "IS2606" (91 copies), neither of which are present in M. marinum. Additionally, M. ulcerans has acquired a 174 kilobase plasmid, termed "pMUM001", which is involved in the production of the toxin mycolactone. Other closely related mycobacteria produce mycolactone and infect various aquatic animals; these are sometimes described as distinct species (M. pseudoshottsii, M. liflandii, M. shinshuense and sometimes M. marinum) and sometimes as different lineages of M. ulcerans. Regardless, all mycolactone-producing mycobacteria share a common ancestor distinct from non-mycolactone-producing M. marinum.

References

Works cited

External links

 

ulcerans
Bacteria described in 1950
The United States Association of Collegiate Fencing Clubs (USACFC) was established in 2003 to educate and promote collegiate fencing throughout the United States. The organization has over 45 teams, about one-third of the schools with non-varsity college club fencing in the U.S.

USACFC became a nonprofit corporation in 2005.

Champions

Sites of USACFC National Championships 
2003: University of Florida 
2004: University of New Hampshire 
2005: Michigan State University
2006: Clemson University
2007: Indiana University 
2008: Smith College
2009: University of Wisconsin
2010: Swarthmore College
2011: University of Chicago
2012: Hartford, Connecticut, originally slated for United States Military Academy
2013: Michigan State University
2014: University of Tennessee
2015: Bensalem, Pennsylvania, hosted by Swarthmore College
2016: Brown University
2017: East Lansing, Michigan, hosted by Michigan State University
2018: Knoxville, Tennessee, hosted by University of Tennessee Knoxville
2019: Bucks County, Pennsylvania
2020: Cancelled due to COVID-19, originally slated for West Springfield, Massachusetts
2021: Cancelled due to COVID-19, originally slated for West Springfield, Massachusetts
2022: Providence, Rhode Island
2023: Fort Wayne, Indiana

See also
National Intercollegiate Women's Fencing Association (NIWFA)
Intercollegiate Fencing Association (IFA)

References

External links 
USACFC website

Fencing organizations
College fencing in the United States
Events in the year 2023 in San Marino.

Incumbents 
 Captains Regent: 
Maria Luisa Berti, Manuel Ciavatta (until 1 April)
Alessandro Scarano, Adele Tonnini (from 1 April)
 Secretary for Foreign and Political Affairs: Luca Beccari

Events 

2022–23 Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio
2022–23 Coppa Titano

Deaths

See also 

 2023 in Europe
 City states

References 

 
2020s in San Marino
Years of the 21st century in San Marino
San Marino
San Marino
The hamlet of Beacon Hill, is situated off the B474 near Penn and on the outskirts of High Wycombe Buckinghamshire. Nearby is the Golf Course at Wycombe Heights.

Hill
Beacon Hill is named after a nearby hill in the Ivinghoe Hills range and shares the same name. It was surveyed at the order of the Duke of Bridgewater and was discovered to be  high. The hill has a Bronze Age bowl barrow at the top and used to have a beacon on the top of it, with the iron lighter for it being stored in the nearby Church of England Church of St Peter and St Paul, Ellesborough. The beacon was replaced in the 19th century with a flagpole, which was then exchanged for a gun emplacement during the Second World War. It is a part of a National Trust trail which gives walkers views of Chequers, the country house of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

Beacon Hill is also the location of Cymbeline's Castle where the Celtic King of the Britons Cunobeline according to legend, made a last stand against the Roman conquest of Britain in a fort located on the hill. However, Historic England has claimed this legend was a Victorian invention and that the castle was actually a Norman style Motte-and-bailey castle.

Hamlet
The hamlet featured a Baptist chapel constructed at the highest point of it. The main road running through Beacon Hill is the boundary between the parishes of Penn and Tylers Green.

References

Hamlets in Buckinghamshire