Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Watanabe Shōtei aka  was a Nihonga painter and one of the first to visit Europe, attending the 1878 International Exhibition in Paris and being awarded a medal. Shōtei blended Western realism with the delicate colours and washes of the Kikuchi Yōsai school, introducing a new approach to kachōga or kacho (bird-and-flower painting).

Biography 
Born as Yoshikawa Yoshimata, he was later adopted by the family of his father's literary friend, Watanabe Mitsue. His early studies were at age sixteen under Kikuchi Yōsai (1788–1878) after which he spent a brief time in the studio of the painter and lacquer artist, Shibata Zeshin (1807–1891).

In 1878 he travelled in the United States and Europe, remaining in Paris for three years and becoming the first Nihonga artist to live in Europe with the aim of studying Western painting.

Travel abroad was extremely difficult for Japanese artists in the early Meiji period (1868–1912), and it is unknown how Shōtei managed this. A few years earlier, in 1875, he had produced designs for an export company, which may have provided him with the necessary contacts. His works have enjoyed great popularity in the West, and a large number are to be seen in both European and American collections.

On his return from Europe, Seitei created designs for ceramics and cloisonné, working with the cloisonné artist Namikawa Sosuke (1847–1910), leading to acclaim from abroad. He maintained a prodigious output of paintings and illustrations, producing three outstanding albums:  ('Picture album of Seitei's bird and flower'), 1890–91;  ('Bird and flower album'), 1903; and the last series published in 1916 also entitled .

Watanabe Shotei also edited and contributed to the art magazine  (The World of Art), of which the first number was published by Wada Tokutaro in the year Meiji 23 (1890) and printed by Yoshida Ichimatsu with the blockcuts carried out by Goto Tokujiro. Besides Watanabe's illustration and that of Yoshitoshi Kyosai, there were ten other artists who contributed. Twenty-two of his bird and flower prints were published by Okura Yasugorō in 1916.

During his life he received many awards, in expositions in and out of Japan. He became a major inspiration to the following generation of Nihonga artists, notably Mizuno Toshikata (1866–1908) and Kaburagi Kiyokata (1878–1973).

Gallery

Notes

References
 Conant, Ellen P.; Steven D. Owyoung and J. Thomas Rimer. (1995). Nihonga: Transcending the Past: Japanese-Style Painting, 1868-1968. St. Louis, Missouri: Saint Louis Art Museum.
 Merritt, Helen and Nanako Yamada.  (1995). Guide to Modern Japanese Woodblock Prints, 1900-1975. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.	; ;  OCLC 247995392

External links 

1851 births
1918 deaths
19th-century Japanese painters
20th-century Japanese painters
The Bowen ratio is used to describe the type of heat transfer for a surface that has moisture.  Heat transfer can either occur as sensible heat (differences in temperature without evapotranspiration) or latent heat (the energy required during a change of state, without a change in temperature).  The Bowen ratio is generally used to calculate heat lost (or gained) in a substance; it is the ratio of energy fluxes from one state to another by sensible heat and latent heating respectively.

The ratio was named by Harald Sverdrup after Ira Sprague Bowen (1898–1973), an astrophysicist whose theoretical work on evaporation to air from water bodies made first use of it, and it is used most commonly in meteorology and hydrology.

Formulation
The Bowen ratio is calculated by the equation: 

 , where  is sensible heating and  is latent heating.

In this context, when the magnitude of  is less than one, a greater proportion of the available energy at the surface is passed to the atmosphere as latent heat than as sensible heat, and the converse is true for values of  greater than one.  As , however,  becomes unbounded making the Bowen ratio a poor choice of variable for use in formulae, especially for arid surfaces.  For this reason the evaporative fraction is sometimes a more appropriate choice of variable representing the relative contributions of the turbulent energy fluxes to the surface energy budget.

The Bowen ratio is related to the evaporative fraction, , through the equation,

 .

The Bowen ratio is an indicator of the type of surface. The Bowen ratio, , is less than one over surfaces with abundant water supplies.

References

External links
 National Science Digital Library - Bowen Ratio

1926 introductions
Engineering ratios
Heat transfer
Atmospheric thermodynamics
Party is a 1984 Hindi-language film directed by Govind Nihalani. The film boasted an ensemble cast, including Vijaya Mehta, Manohar Singh, Om Puri, Naseeruddin Shah, and Rohini Hattangadi. It based on the play Party (1976) by Mahesh Elkunchwar.

The film was produced by National Film Development Corporation of India (NFDC). Party was the official Indian entry to the 32nd International Film Festival of India, New Delhi.

Plot

The entire action is confined to an evening party hosted by Damyanti Rane, a rich middle-age widow and well-known patron of the arts in the city. All the cognoscenti of the urban milieu make a beeline to the event.

The party is hosted in the honour of Diwakar Barve, a celebrated playwright, who has just been awarded the prestigious National Literary Award. There are gradual revelations in conversations between attendees of the party — by turns catty, outraged, resigned and cynical — that he got the award because he is Damyanti's lover, who wields political clout, or a toady of the establishment.

Gradually, all the conversation gears towards the real winner, the hero-in-absentia: Amrit, an immensely talented and promising writer-poet who left the politics of the party circuit and literary societies to go live and work with the tribal community.

Amrit, though not present in person, shows himself again and again in their conversations reminding them and viewers of their banality, deceit, and their utter callousness towards the inequities in society at large, which brings them at cross-purposes to the true aim of all art and artistic endeavours: the ennoblement of humanity.

In a harrowing finale, which cuts to the heartland of the country, Amrit is shown to be murdered by the police as a "left-wing terrorist" approximately at the same time as the party was going on.

Cast
Manohar Singh as Diwakar Barve
Vijaya Mehta as Damayanti Rane
Rohini Hattangadi as Mohini
Om Puri as Avinash, Journalist
Naseeruddin Shah as Amrit
Deepa Sahi as Sona Rane
Amrish Puri as Damayanti's Partner
Shafi Inamdar
Gulan Kripalani as Vrinda
Ila Arun as Ila
Soni Razdan as Malvika (Vicky)
Mohan Bhandari as Vicky's husband
Jayant Kripalani
K.K. Raina as Bharat
Kanvaljeet
Pearl Padamsee as Ruth
Nikhil Kapur
Savita Prabhune
Benjamin Gilani as Sahani
Akash Khurana
Ravi Jhankal

Awards
 1985: National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress: Rohini Hattangadi

References

External links

1984 films
1980s Hindi-language films
Indian films based on plays
Films featuring a Best Supporting Actress National Film Award-winning performance
Films directed by Govind Nihalani
Nicola Inwood (born 24 January 1970) is a rugby union referee and former player. She made her debut for New Zealand in 1989. She competed at the 1991 Rugby World Cup.

Career 
Inwood began her refereeing career in 1999, her first international match as a referee was between the United States and the Netherlands at the 2002 World Cup. She also refereed at the 2006 and 2010 Women's Rugby World Cup.

In 2007, she made history as the first woman to officiate a Six Nations women's match and the first woman to referee at Twickenham. The match was the curtain-raiser to the men's Six Nations, and was between the same nations, England and Italy.

Inwood has also refereed women's sevens matches in Hong Kong and Wellington. She was selected to the International Rugby Board's first women's referee panel in 2011.

References 

1970 births
Living people
New Zealand women's international rugby union players
New Zealand female rugby union players
New Zealand women referees and umpires
James "Jerry" A. Jodice from J. A. Jodice & Associates, Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2015 for contributions to the testing of protective relays.

References

20th-century births
Living people
American engineers
Fellow Members of the IEEE
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
American electrical engineers
The 2018 Meistriliiga (known as A. Le Coq Premium Liiga for sponsorship reasons) was the 28th season of the Meistriliiga, the highest division of Estonian football system. The season was scheduled to begin on 25 February 2018, but was postponed due to a cold wave. On 3 March, the season began with four out of five second round matches held in indoor arena. This marked the first time Estonian league football was played indoor. The season concluded on 10 November 2018. Flora were the defending champions. Nõmme Kalju won their 2nd Meistriliiga title completing an entire season undefeated.

Teams
10 teams competed in the league. Sillamäe Kalev lost their Meistriliiga license due to a failure to meet their financial obligations and were relegated to the II liiga. On 4 November 2017, it was announced that FCI Tallinn would merge with Levadia.

The two clubs were replaced by 2017 Esiliiga champions Maardu Linnameeskond and runners-up Tallinna Kalev. On 18 December 2017, Kuressaare replaced Maardu Linnameeskond after the latter withdrew from the league due to financial reasons.

Venues

Personnel and kits

Managerial changes

League table

Relegation play-offs
At season's end Kuressaare, the ninth place club, participated in a two-legged play-off with the runners-up (of independent teams) of the 2018 Esiliiga, Elva, for the spot in 2019 Meistriliiga.

Kuressaare won 2–0 on aggregate and retained their Meistriliiga spot for the 2019 season.

Results
Each team played every opponent four times, twice at home and twice away. A total of 180 matches has been played, with 36 matches played by each team.

First half of season

Second half of season

Season statistics

Top scorers

Top assists

Hat-tricks

4 Player scored 4 goals

Awards

Monthly awards

Meistriliiga Player of the Year
Zakaria Beglarishvili was named Meistriliiga Player of the Year.

Goal of the Year
Tõnis Vihmoja's goal against Paide Linnameeskond was chosen Goal of the Year.

Player transfers
 Winter 2017–18 – before the season
 Summer 2018 – during the season

See also
 2017–18 Estonian Cup
 2018–19 Estonian Cup
 2018 Esiliiga
 2018 Esiliiga B

References

External links
Official website

 

Meistriliiga seasons
1
Estonia
Estonia
Colin Milner Smith  (2 November 1936 – 10 July 2020) was an English judge and first-class cricketer.

The son of Alan Milner Smith and Vera Ivy (née Cannon), he was born at Mottingham in November 1936. He was educated at Tonbridge School and spent two years in National Service with the Royal Marines before going up to Brasenose College, Oxford. 

While studying at Oxford, he made a single appearance in first-class cricket as a wicket-keeper for Oxford University against Sussex at Oxford in 1958. Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed for 12 runs by Ted James in the Oxford first innings, while in their second innings he was dismissed for 4 runs by the same bowler. He continued to play cricket past the age of 70, representing teams such as Old Tonbridgians, Yellowhammers, Band of Brothers, Limpsfield CC. His younger brother, Martin Milner Smith, was also a first-class cricketer.

After graduating from Oxford, Smith attended University of Chicago Law School. He was called to the bar as a barrister with Gray's Inn in 1962, and was appointed Queen's Counsel in April 1985, working in commercial law. He served as a circuit judge from 1991 to 2009 on the South Eastern Circuit. Smith also published a number of books on laws surrounding gambling in the United Kingdom.

He married Moira Braybrooke in 1979 and they had two children. He died on 10 July 2020 at the age of 83.

References

External links

1936 births
2020 deaths
People from Mottingham
Cricketers from the London Borough of Bromley
People educated at Tonbridge School
Alumni of Brasenose College, Oxford
English cricketers
Oxford University cricketers
Members of Gray's Inn
English King's Counsel
20th-century King's Counsel
21st-century King's Counsel
20th-century English judges
English male non-fiction writers
English legal writers
21st-century English judges
This is a list of films produced in Malaysia ordered by year of release in the 2000s.

For an alphabetical listing of Malaysian films see :Category:Malaysian films.

2000
 List of Malaysian films of 2000

2001
 List of Malaysian films of 2001

2002
 List of Malaysian films of 2002

2003
 List of Malaysian films of 2003

2004
 List of Malaysian films of 2004

2005
 List of Malaysian films of 2005

2006
 List of Malaysian films of 2006

2007
 List of Malaysian films of 2007

2008
 List of Malaysian films of 2008

2009
 List of Malaysian films of 2009

External links
Malaysian film at the Internet Movie Database
Malaysian Feature Films Finas
Cinema Online Malaysia

2000s
Lists of 2000s films
Films
Bolshiye Saly or Greater Sala (, ) is a rural locality (selo) in Myasnikovsky District, Rostov Oblast, Russia.

History 
Greater Sala was founded in 1779 by Armenians who were resettled from the Crimea by the decree of Catherine II. The founders of Greater Salov moved from the Crimean village of Sala (now Hrushivka).

According to oral tradition, the Armenian settlers originally chose the right bank of the Tuzlov River, near the current village of Nesvetay, as the site for their settlement. Soon after they settled there, a girl drowned in the river, after which the villagers decided to move to a place near the source of the shallow river Temernik, which was closer to the drinking springs. The Armenian Church of the Holy Mother of God was built in this area between 1860 and 1867. It was closed in Soviet times and reconsecrated in 2008 after renovation. 

A native of the village named Mariam Kundupyan (Kirpiyan) was the inspiration for one of the heroines of Anton Chekhov's story "The Beauties." Simon Vratsyan, a prominent Armenian politician who grew up in the village in the 1880s and '90s, describes it in his memoirs as the wealthiest and most developed village in its district. At the time, the two main neighborhoods of the village are joined by two wooden bridges across the Temernik River. At the beginning of the 20th century, two stone bridges were built on the river. During World War II, they were destroyed by the Germans, but the foundations of the bridges remained.

Economy 
The inhabitants of the village mainly grow cereals and keep livestock and poultry. The village has a secondary school, a house of culture and a hospital.

References 

Rural localities in Rostov Oblast
Kaski may refer to:

Places
Kaski District, a part of Province No. 4 in Nepal
Dąbrowa-Kaski, a village in Gmina Szepietowo, Wysokie Mazowieckie County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland
Kaski, Łódź Voivodeship, a village in Gmina Galewice, Wieruszów County, Poland
Kaski, Masovian Voivodeship, a village in Gmina Baranów, Grodzisk Mazowiecki County, Poland

Other uses
Kaski (surname)
Kayseri Kaski S.K., a women's basketball club in Turkey

See also
Kasky
The Centre Street Bridge is a historic bridge in Calgary, Alberta, crossing the Bow River, along Centre Street. The lower deck connects Riverfront Avenue in Chinatown with Memorial Drive, while the upper elevated deck crosses Memorial Drive as well, reaching into the community of Crescent Heights.

Centre Street Bridge is the central point of the quadrant system of the city.

History

It was built by The City of Calgary in 1916 for $375,000. It replaced the MacArthur Bridge, a steel truss bridge built in 1907 by a land developer called the Centre Street Bridge Company Limited   The MacArthur Bridge was destroyed by a flood in 1915. Centre Street Bridge was designed by John F. Greene, and features an upper and lower deck, cantilevered balconies on the upper deck, and four large cast concrete lions atop two pairs of ornamental concrete pavilions flanking each end of the bridge. The lions were cast by Scottish mason James L. Thomson. They were modelled after the bronze lions by Landseer at the base of Nelson's Column in Trafalgar Square, London. The pavilions are ornamented with symbols of Canada and the United Kingdom: buffalo heads, maple leaves, shamrocks (Ireland), roses (England), and thistles (Scotland).

The upper deck, a reinforced concrete arch structure, spans  and is  wide. The lower deck, an "I" girders structure, runs for  and is  wide.

The Centre Street Bridge was listed as a Municipal Historic Resource for Calgary in 1992.

The bridge went through extensive restoration in 2001, when it was closed for one year. The lower deck is configured with reversible lanes. The original lions were replaced with replicas after considerable debate. Local legends of adjacent Chinatown hold that the lions would come alive after dark and roam the city streets. One of the original lions is now located at City Hall, the remaining three were placed in long-term storage. In April 2013, a city committee voted unanimously to place the remaining lions at one or more of the new West LRT C-Train (tram) stations. In 2018, one of original lions was repaired, conserved and is now displayed in Rotary Park. The remaining two lions are in storage to protect and preserve them for foreseeable future.

Other information

The lower deck of the bridge has a clearance of only . Inattentive drivers get their trucks, RVs, and vans stuck on the narrow 2-lane lower deck of the bridge, blocking traffic. An advanced warning system was installed on the bridge approaches in 2010, cutting the number of incidents in half, but roughly 20 vehicles a year continue to get stuck.

The opening scene of the 2001 Steven Seagal movie Exit Wounds was filmed on the bridge.

See also
Transportation in Calgary
List of bridges in Calgary
List of bridges in Canada

Gallery

References

Further reading

Centre Street Bridge Lions: Rehabilitation and Replication of Historic Concrete Sculpture (Lorne Simpson, Paul Gaudette, Deborah Slaton, published in APT Bulletin, Vol. 32, No. 2/3 (2001), pp. 13–20)

Bridges in Calgary
Road bridges in Alberta
Bridges completed in 1916
Municipal Historic Resources in Alberta
Historic buildings and structures in Calgary
Si Buta Lawan Jaka Sembung (also titled The Warrior II and The Warrior Against Blind Swordsman for international distribution) is a 1983 Indonesian fantastique martial arts movie and a sequel to 1981 film Jaka Sembung.

Supporting character Si Buta is originally from a cartoon on his own right (Si Buta Dari Gua Hantu) and Bajing Ireng, a female freedom fighter versed in stealth, makes her first appearance in Jaka Sembung films. Main roles are played by action film star Barry Prima (Jaka Sembung), karateka Advent Bangun (Soca Indra Sukma alias Si Buta dari Gunung Iblis ("The Blind Man from Iblis Mountain")), Sri Gudhi Sintara (Dewi Magi), and Zurmaini (Roijah alias Bajing Ireng).

Synopsis
Dutch colonial army in West Java holds a martial arts tournament to select the best warrior to confront local warrior-freedom fighter Parmin (nicknamed Jaka Sembung). The winner is an obscure blind swordsman and the Dutch commander De Mandes (Gino Makasutji) commissions him. However, the swordsman is sympathetic with Jaka Sembung's cause and things get more complicated when magician seductress Dewi Magi as well as her guru (W. D. Mochtar) intervene on behalf of the Dutch.

External links

1983 films
1980s action adventure films
1980s Indonesian-language films
Films shot in Indonesia
Films set in Indonesia
Indonesian martial arts films
'eSagu' is a web-based personalized agro-advisory system which uses Information Technology to solve the unscientific agricultural practices. Sagu means cultivation in Telugu-local language of Telangana Andhra Pradesh, the region in which the project started.
E-Sagu means electronic cultivation.
It exploits the advances in Information Technology to build a cost-effective agricultural information dissemination system to disseminate expert agriculture knowledge to the farming community to improve the crop productivity.

It is a joint research project of Media lab asia and IIIT Hyderabad

Recognition
 eSagu was declared the best e-governance project at the Computer Society of India (CSI) and Nihilent e-Governance Awards for 2005-06 ([Nihilent e-Governance Awards http://www.csinihilent-egovernanceawards.org])
 eSagu  features as a  select entry among  worldwide latest novel Internet applications in the book "Innovative Application Case study 2006" published by Institute for Information Industry, a not-for-profit Think Tank for Taiwanese  Ministry of Economic Affairs in Taipei. 
 eSagu was listed as one of the top three e-Governance projects (the other two are BHOOMI and SAMPARK) of India in the video film on “Next e Governance Plan”, November 2005.

References

External links
 eSagu Home Page
 Media lab asia
 Chief Coordinator
 Nihilent Technologies 

Research projects
America's Space Prize was a US$50 million space competition in orbital spaceflight established and funded in 2004 by hotel entrepreneur Robert Bigelow. The prize would have been awarded to the first US-based privately funded team to design and build a reusable crewed capsule capable of flying 5 astronauts to a Bigelow Aerospace inflatable space module. The criteria also required the capsule be recovered and flown again in 60 days. The prize expired January 10, 2010, without a winner or any test flights attempted. The teams were required to have been based in the United States.

History 
The prize was announced by Bigelow on 17 December 2003—the 100th anniversary of the Wright brothers first powered aircraft flight.

Prize rules
A set of ten criteria were set up in order for a contestant to win the prize.
 The spacecraft must reach  a minimum altitude of 400 kilometers (approximately 250 miles);
 The spacecraft must reach a minimum velocity sufficient to complete two (2) full orbits at altitude before returning to Earth;
 The spacecraft must carry no less than a crew of five (5) people;
 The spacecraft must dock or demonstrate its ability to dock with a Bigelow Aerospace inflatable space habitat, and be capable of remaining on station at least six (6) months;
 The spacecraft must perform two (2) consecutive, safe and successful orbital missions within a period of sixty (60) calendar days, subject to Government regulations;
 No more than twenty percent (20%) of the spacecraft may be composed of expendable hardware;
 The contestant must be domiciled in the United States of America.
 The contestant must have its principal place of business in the United States of America;
 The Competitor must not accept or utilize government development funding related to this contest of any kind, nor shall there be any government ownership of the competitor. Use in government test facilities shall be permitted; and
 The spacecraft must complete its two (2) missions safely and successfully, with all five (5) crew members aboard for the second qualifying flight, before the competition's deadline of Jan. 10, 2010

Contestants
Since the launch of the prize, 40 companies had expressed interest, but either did not have the money which would apparently be needed, or, in the case of SpaceX, were ineligible due to having accepted government funding. Despite the lack of interest, Bigelow did not revise the prize rules, planning instead to seek transportation to space other ways.

A few contestants have been:

 Interorbital Systems
 JP Aerospace
 SpaceDev
 SpaceX

See also
 Orteig Prize
 Ansari X Prize
 Mprize
 N-prize
 List of space technology awards

References

External links
 
 America's Space Prize in Encyclopedia Astronautica
 Exclusive: Rules Set for $50 Million 'America’s Space Prize' SPACE.COM (November 8, 2004)

Space organizations
Space-related awards
Challenge awards
Private spaceflight
2004 establishments in the United States
2010 disestablishments in the United States