Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Gill slits are individual openings to gills, i.e., multiple gill arches, which lack a single outer cover. Such gills are characteristic of cartilaginous fish such as sharks and rays, as well as deep-branching vertebrates such as lampreys. In contrast, bony fishes have a single outer bony gill covering called an operculum.

Most sharks and rays have five pairs of gill slits, but a few species have 6 or 7 pairs.  Shark gill slits lie in a row behind the head. The anterior edge of a gill slit is motile, moving outward to allow water to exit, but closing to prevent reverse flow. A modified slit, called a spiracle, lies just behind the eye, which assists the shark with taking in water during respiration and plays a major role in bottom–dwelling sharks. Spiracles are reduced or missing in active pelagic sharks. While the shark is moving, water passes through the mouth and over the gills in a process known as "ram ventilation". While at rest, most sharks pump water over their gills to ensure a constant supply of oxygenated water. A small number of species have lost the ability to pump water through their gills and must swim without rest. These species are obligate ram ventilators and would presumably asphyxiate if unable to move. Obligate ram ventilation is also true of some pelagic bony fish species. 

The true gill slits in embryonic fish develop into fish gills. However, the slits in tetrapods do not, so a more general name for the vertebral structures is pharyngeal slits. Gill slits likely originated from pharyngeal slits in tunicates that were used for filter-feeding. The term "gill slits" has also been used to refer to the folds of skin in the pharyngeal region in embryos. It is now accepted that it is the vertebrate pharyngeal pouches and not the neck slits that are homologous to the pharyngeal slits of invertebrate chordates.

See also
 External gills
 Gill raker
 Operculum (fish)
 Pharyngeal slit

References

Fish anatomy
Gavin Clinch (born ) is a former Ireland international rugby league footballer who played as a  in the 1990s and 2000s.

Clinch played at representative level for Ireland, and at club level for Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, Penrith Panthers, St. George Dragons, Halifax (two spells), Wigan Warriors, Huddersfield-Sheffield Giants, and Salford City Reds.

Gavin Clinch moved to Halifax at the beginning of 1998's Super League III season and was that year selected in the Super League Dream Team. He later won international caps for Ireland while at Huddersfield-Sheffield Giants, and Halifax 2000–2001 1-cap plus 1 as substitute.

References

External links
Statistics at wigan.rlfans.com

1974 births
Living people
Australian rugby league players
Place of birth missing (living people)
Ireland national rugby league team players
Halifax R.L.F.C. players
Huddersfield Giants players
Penrith Panthers players
Salford Red Devils players
St. George Dragons players
Wigan Warriors players
Rugby league five-eighths
Rugby league halfbacks
Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks players
Russell Rogers (born January 9, 1939) is an American former athletics competitor and coach.

Rogers, a specialist hurdler, won a bronze medal in the 400 meters hurdles at the 1963 Pan American Games in São Paulo, which he bettered with a silver in the same event at the 1967 Pan American Games in Winnipeg.

From 1978 to 1986, Rogers was the track and field coach of Fairleigh Dickinson University.

In 1988 he was sprint coach for the US Olympic track and field team in Seoul, which famously included Carl Lewis.

Between 1989 and 2006, Rogers coached athletics at Ohio State University. He earned Big Ten Conference Coach of the Year honors in 1992 and 1993 when he led Ohio State to consecutive Big Ten outdoor titles.

References

External links
Russ Rogers at World Athletics

1939 births
Living people
American male hurdlers
Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States
Medalists at the 1963 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1967 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1963 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1967 Pan American Games
American track and field coaches
Ohio State Buckeyes track and field coaches
Fairleigh Dickinson Knights coaches
Morphological freedom refers to an alleged or proposed civil right of a human person either to maintain or modify their own body, on their own terms, through informed, consensual recourse to, or refusal of, available therapeutic or enabling medical technology.

The term may have been coined by transhumanist Max More in his 1993 article, “Technological Self-Transformation: Expanding Personal Extropy”, where he defined it as "the ability to alter bodily form at will through technologies such as surgery, genetic engineering, nanotechnology, uploading". The term was later used by science debater and futurist Anders Sandberg as "an extension of one’s right to one’s body, not just self-ownership but also the right to modify oneself according to one’s desires."

The Massachusetts, USA headquartered charity, the Freedom of Form Foundation, was founded in 2018 to advocate and fund scientific research furthering progress on morphological freedom, the tools required to achieve it and its general acceptance in society at large.

Politics 
According to technocritic Dale Carrico, the politics of morphological freedom imply a commitment to the value, standing, and social legibility of the widest possible variety of desired morphologies and lifestyles. More specifically, morphological freedom is an expression of various heresies condemned by Popes Gregory XVI and Leo XIII such as liberal pluralism, secularism, progressive cosmopolitanism, and posthumanist multiculturalisms applied to the ongoing and upcoming transformation of the understanding of medical practice from one of conventional therapy to one of consensual self-determination, via genetic, prosthetic, and cognitive modification.

Religion
According to authors Calvin Mercer and Tracy J. Trothen there is tension between religion and transhumanists, particularly the Abrahamic traditions, with regards to morphological freedom. While religion generally recognizes the need to heal people and improve their situation from a medical perspective they are generally hesitant to promote a wholesale modification of the body as they see it ultimately belonging to God.

See also

 Artistic freedom
 Autonomy
 Bodily integrity
 Cognitive liberty
 My body, my choice
 Neuroenhancement
 Otherkin
 Postgenderism
 Reproductive rights
 Self-ownership

References

External links

Bioethics
Human rights concepts
Morphology
Transhumanism
72 Heroes is a 2011 Chinese historical drama film directed by Hong Kong film director Derek Chiu, better known as Sung Kee Chiu, based on the story of the 72 Martyrs who sacrificed their lives in the Second Guangzhou Uprising.

Plot
The film takes place in Huizhou, Guangdong, China, October 1900. After failing to assassinate the governor-general by blowing up his mansion as part of the anti-Manchu Huizhou Uprising, revolutionary Shi Jianru is captured and executed. Guangzhou, Guangdong province, 1911: following other unsuccessful uprisings, Pan Dawei, deputy head of the Guangzhou department of the Tongmenghui, arrives by boat and smuggles weapons past customs officers. During a dinner party at the house of wealthy local trader Fang Hongzhi, head of the Guangxing business association, there is an assassination attempt on the Manchu Qing government's Marine Minister Li Zhun, which fails. Among the guests is Luo Zhonghuo, just arrived from Penang, Malaysia, who gets to know Fang's daughter, Huiru, also a revolutionary. Afterwards she takes him to the house of painter Gao Jianfu, head of the Tongmenghui's Guangzhou department. Zhonghuo is carrying a letter from Tongmenghui leader Sun Yat-sen, but neither Jianfu nor Dawei are sure whether he is a spy. To convince them he is genuine, Huiru suggests he tries raising some money for the movement from her father, by first becoming friendly with his cultured longtime mistress Jiang Meixi. Zhonghuo becomes Meixi's English tutor and helps Fang in getting a local gang off of the Guangxing's turf. As Chinese New Year arrives, Gao and Pan plan a mass suicide attack on the governor-general's residence - in what will become known as the Second Guangzhou Uprising of 27 April 1911.

Cast
Liu Kai-chi as Gao Jianfu
Tse Kwan-ho as Pan Dawei
Irene Wan as Jiang Meixi
Elanne Kong as Fang Huiru
Wang Jiancheng as Fang Hongzhi
Zhao Bingrui as Luo Zhonghan
Eric Tsang as Li Zhi
Alan Tam as Hunag Ying
Oh U Jeong as Fang's female bodyguard
Li Zhi
Zhang Yang
Wu Jian as A Hui
Bosco Wong
Raymond Lam

See also
 1911 (film)

External links

72 Heroes at Hong Kong Cinemagic

2011 films
2010s historical drama films
Works about the 1911 Revolution
Films set in 1900
Films set in 1911
Films set in Guangdong
Films shot in China
Chinese historical drama films
Films set in 20th-century Qing dynasty
2011 drama films
2010s Mandarin-language films
William John Edward Burgoyne (20 December 1946 – 16 November 1999) was a New Zealand rugby league player who represented New Zealand in the 1972 World Cup.

Playing career
Burgoyne played for both the Marist Saints and the Bay Roskill Vikings in the Auckland Rugby League competition. In 1968 he was selected for Auckland. He again played for Auckland in 1969, including in Auckland's 14-15 loss to Australia. He played for the New Zealand Māori side in 1972.

He was first selected for the New Zealand national rugby league team in 1972, as part of the squad for that year's World Cup. He played in three games at the tournament, scoring a try against Great Britain. He played one more test for New Zealand, again against Great Britain, in 1974.

Personal life
Burgoyne's daughter Leilani Tamu is a writer, a former diplomat and an aspiring candidate for the New Zealand Green Party. She has spoken frankly about her father's severe gambling addiction, indirectly leading to his early death at the age of 52.

References

New Zealand rugby league players
New Zealand Māori rugby league players
New Zealand Māori rugby league team players
New Zealand national rugby league team players
Auckland rugby league team players
Marist Saints players
Bay Roskill Vikings players
Rugby league hookers
1946 births
1999 deaths
Imouzzer Kandar is a town in Sefrou Province, Fès-Meknès, Morocco. According to the 2004 census it has a population of 13,745.  It is inhabited by the Ait Seghrouchen.

References

Populated places in Sefrou Province
Mullach Coire Mhic Fhearchair (1,015 m) is a mountain in the Northwest Highlands of Wester Ross, Scotland. It lies in the remote Dundonnell and Fisherfield Forest.

The ridge is covered in large quartzite boulders, which makes it a difficult peak to climb. Some climbers will wildcamp next to nearby Loch Fhada before they ascend the mountain. The nearest village is Kinlochewe to the south.

References

Mountains and hills of the Northwest Highlands
Marilyns of Scotland
Munros
One-thousanders of Scotland
Parliamentary elections were held in Egypt on 23 March 1925. The elections saw the Wafd Party lose over half of its seats.

Results

References

Egypt
Parliamentary elections in Egypt
Parliamentary
Egypt
Election and referendum articles with incomplete results
The phonolite or clinkstone of northern Ethiopia is a shallow-seated igneous rock. The phonolites intruded and punctured the Mesozoic sedimentary rocks and the Tertiary flood basalts some 19 to 11 million years ago.

Stratigraphic context
The formation occurs as plugs that have punctured the Tertiary flood basalts of the Ethiopian plateau, and form the highest peaks in their surrounding.

Lithology
These phonolites are composed of alkali pyroxenes and nephelines; there are also elongated plagioclase crystals. Pyroxenes have a skeletal texture, whereas nepheline crystals are hexagonal to rectangular. The phonolites of pink to light grey colour. The outcrops hold massive (up to 25 metres long), moderately weathered blocks, generally of elongated shape; in some locations it also forms spherical outcrops.

Geographical extent
These silica-poor rocks belong to the Adwa-Aksum trachy-phonolite volcanic field. They are also exposed in Addi Amyuq, some 3 kilometres north of Hagere Selam, on the northern slope of the ridge. The morphology of the Addi Amyuq phonolite outcrop is similar to that of Gobo Dura where the Aksum obelisks were quarried.

Obelisks and church bells
The phonolites are among the best exploited rocks of northern Ethiopia. Notably, they were used to carve the monolithic obelisks and other monumental stones during the Aksumite kingdom. In Tembien they are used as church bells (in line with the name clinkstone) and dimension stones.

References

Geologic formations of Ethiopia
Gilbert Onyekachukwu Ibezim (; born 19 November 1978) is a Nigerian Politician and medical doctor who is the current Deputy Governor of Anambra State since 17 March 2022. Ibezim won the 2021 Anambra State gubernatorial election alongside Governor Charles Soludo on the platform of the All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA). Ibezim is also a brother to the Anglican bishop of the Diocese on the Niger, Alexander Ibezim.

References 

Living people
People from Anambra State
Anambra State politicians
All Progressives Grand Alliance politicians
1978 births
Shoot the Messenger is a television play first broadcast on BBC Two on 30 August 2006.

Synopsis
After reading a report that black pupils from inner city schools are being failed by the education system, IT consultant Joe (David Oyelowo) decides to become a teacher. Having secured himself a job at a school in South London, Joe uses a series of discriminatory methods to ensure black students are given extra tuition over their white contemporaries (targeting them for detention being one such method). When he is falsely accused of assaulting one of the pupils in his care (Charles Mnene), Joe is suspended from work pending an investigation. He appears on local radio where he defends himself against black rights activist Councillor Watts (Brian Bovell) who denounces Joe as "the embodiment of 21st century Britain [...] a Ku Klux Klanman with a black face". As a result of the broadcast, the community begins to turn against Joe and he loses his job. When he slips into a deep depression, Joe's marriage breaks up and he finds himself homeless.

Following these events, Joe begins exhibiting apparent racism towards other black people. He soon, however, finds himself being taken in by the members of a local gospel church. He observes black society as a detached onlooker at first, mocking the apparent cultural differences he perceives from the perspective of his new 'white' persona. Through the charity he receives he manages to find gainful employment as a handyman and meets Heather (Nikki Amuka-Bird) who helps in his eventual rehabilitation into black society. As the play reaches its conclusion Joe's innocence in the mistreatment of the pupil is revealed. Having rediscovered his heritage, Joe comes to the realisation that race and cultural identity are merely a state of mind.

Style and themes
The play's title derives from the phrase shooting the messenger; it is told entirely from the perspective of the central character who frequently addresses the audience. His asides to camera do not serve a strict narrative function, but allow him to deliver his ruminations on black culture and society.

External links
BBC site for Shoot the Messenger

2006 television films
2006 films
British television films
2000s English-language films
Strand Life Sciences, formerly Strand Genomics, is an Indian in silico technology company, based in Bangalore. Strand focuses in data mining, predictive modeling, computational chemistry, software engineering, bioinformatics, and research biology to develop software and services for life sciences research. Strand also offers custom solutions based on its intellectual property. In 2021, Reliance Industries' subsidiary Reliance Strategic Business Ventures acquired a controlling stake in Strand Life Sciences.

History
Strand Life Sciences was founded in October 2000 by Professors Vijay Chandru, Ramesh Hariharan, Swami Manohar, and V. Vinay. It was registered as Strand Genomics, but was later renamed to Strand Life Sciences as it dealt with various other aspects of life sciences. In August 2007, Strand and Agilent Technologies, Inc. entered an agreement in which Strand develops and supports Agilent's GeneSpring software which Agilent obtained through Silicon Genetics acquisition in August 2004. In October 2010, Strand and Agilent renewed the agreement for Strand to expand the scope of Agilent's GeneSpring across multiple life sciences disciplines.

Software

 Strand NGS (formerly Avadis NGS) is a software platform for next-generation sequencing data analysis.
 GeneSpring GX (version 9.0.0 onwards), GeneSpring Workgroup (version 7.0.0 onwards), and Mass Profiler Pro are developed by Strand's R&D division in Bangalore.
 Avadis is a data mining and visualization platform.
 Sarchitect is a platform for modeling and predicting drug-relevant properties of molecules in silico.
 ArrayAssist was developed for Stratagene, Inc., based on the Avadis platform. The production was stopped after Stratagene was acquired by Agilent Technologies, Inc. in 2007.

References

External links
Strand Life Sciences

Biotechnology companies of India
Software companies of India
Biotechnology companies established in 2000
Information technology companies of Bangalore
Privately held companies of India
2000 establishments in Karnataka
Reliance Industries
Nemotelus bipunctatus is a species of soldier fly in the family Stratiomyidae.

Distribution
Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey, Ukraine.

References

Stratiomyidae
Insects described in 1846
Diptera of Europe
Taxa named by Hermann Loew
The Broadway Winter Hill Congregational Church is a historic church building at 404 Broadway in Somerville, Massachusetts.  Built in 1890–91 to a design by Hartwell and Richardson for a Congregationalist congregation founded in 1865, it is one of the city's only examples of Shingle style architecture, and one of its finer architect-designed buildings from the 19th century.  The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.  It is now home to the Vida Real Church.

Description and history
The Broadway Winter Hill Congregational Church stands near the summit of Winter Hill, at the southwest corner of Broadway and Central Street.  It is a wood-frame structure, with a gable roof set perpendicular to Broadway.  Its exterior is finished in a combination of stone on the ground floor, and shingles on the upper sections.  The main gable has a slightly projecting peak section, above a grouping of three stained glass windows topped by transom-like fixed panes.  Projecting forward from the gables left end is a circular two-story turret with a conical roof.  Projecting left toward Central Street is a tall square tower, whose front houses the main entrance under a shed-roof portico.  The tower is somewhat medieval in appearance, with small windows in its stone lower section.  The stone section is topped by a wood-frame louvered belfry, the openings adorned by Stick style woodwork.  The tower is capped by a pyramidal roof with flared modillioned eave.

Congregational church activity began in the Winter Hill area as a Sunday School in 1863, and was formally organized as a congregation two year later.  The congregation split over doctrinal issues in 1881, with the Winter Hill Congregational Society building this structure in 1890–91, having used an older Carpenter Gothic church before then.  It was designed by Hartwell and Richardson, and is one of only a few institutional Shingle style buildings in the city.

See also
Downer Rowhouses, next to the church on Central Street
National Register of Historic Places listings in Somerville, Massachusetts

References

External links
Vida Real Internacional

Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
Shingle Style church buildings
Buildings and structures in Somerville, Massachusetts
Churches in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Somerville, Massachusetts
Shingle Style architecture in Massachusetts
Churches completed in 1891
Hartwell and Richardson buildings
Nematabramis is a genus of cyprinid freshwater fish that occur in Borneo and the Philippines.  There are currently five described species in this genus.

Species
 Nematabramis alestes (Seale & B. A. Bean, 1907)
 Nematabramis borneensis Inger & P. K. Chin, 1962
 Nematabramis everetti Boulenger, 1894
 Nematabramis steindachnerii Popta, 1905
 Nematabramis verecundus Herre, 1924

References
 

 
Fish of Asia
Ray-finned fish genera
The four-way valve or four-way cock is a fluid control valve whose body has four ports equally spaced round the valve chamber and the plug has two passages to connect adjacent ports. The plug may be cylindrical or tapered, or a ball.

It has two flow positions, and usually a central position where all ports are closed. 

It can be used to isolate and to simultaneously bypass a sampling cylinder installed on a pressurized water line. It is useful to take a fluid sample without affecting the pressure of a hydraulic system and to avoid degassing (no leak, no gas loss or air entry, no external contamination).

It was used to control the flow of steam to the cylinder of early double-acting steam engines, such as those designed by Richard Trevithick. This use of the valve is possibly attributable to Denis Papin. 

Because the two "L"-shaped passages in the plug do not interconnect, the four-way valve is sometimes referred to as an "×" port.

See also
Ball valve

Valves
The Redwood Act (also Redwood amendment) is a 1978 amendment to the US National Park Service General Authorities Act of 1970.  The amendment is particularly notable for clarifying and supplementing the 1970 act and the National Park Service Organic Act of 1916 with the following two important sentences as the second and third to the General Authorities Act:

Congress declares that the national park system, which began with establishment of Yellowstone National Park in 1872, has since grown to include superlative natural, historic, and recreation areas in every major region of the United States, its territories and island possessions; that these areas, though distinct in character, are united through their inter-related purposes and resources into one national park system as cumulative expressions of a single national heritage; that, individually and collectively, these areas derive increased national dignity and recognition of their superlative environmental quality through their inclusion jointly with each other in one national park system preserved and managed for the benefit and inspiration of all the people of the United States; and that it is the purpose of this Act to include all such areas in the System and to clarify the authorities applicable to the system. Congress further reaffirms, declares, and directs that the promotion and regulation of the various areas of the National Park System, as defined in section 1c of this title, shall be consistent with and founded in the purpose established by section 1 of this title [the Organic Act provision quoted above], to the common benefit of all the people of the United States. The authorization of activities shall be construed and the protection, management, and administration of these areas shall be conducted in light of the high public value and integrity of the National Park System and shall not be exercised in derogation of the values and purposes for which these various areas have been established, except as may have been or shall be directly and specifically provided by Congress.

By this amendment the United States Congress reiterated the provisions of the Organic Act, and made equal all areas of the National Park System no matter the designation.  This provides equal protection to all areas of the National Park System from impairment and/or derogation of their resources.

References

See also
National Park Service

1978 in American law
National Park Service
United States federal public land legislation