Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) is an organosulfur compound with the formula C2H4O2C4H2S. The molecule consists of thiophene, substituted at the 3 and 4 positions with an ethylene glycolyl unit.  It is a colorless viscous liquid.

EDOT is the precursor to the polymer PEDOT, which is found in electrochromic displays, photovoltaics, electroluminescent displays, printed wiring, and sensors.

Synthesis and polymerization
The original synthesis proceeded via the diester of 3,4-dihydroxythiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate.

EDOT is often prepared from C4 precursors such as butanediol and butadiene via routes that produce the thiophene and dioxane rings in separate steps.  Representative is the reaction of 2,3-butanedione, trimethyl orthoformate, and ethylene glycol to form the dioxane. Sulfidization with elemental sulfur gives the bicyclic target.

EDOT is converted into the conducting polymer PEDOT by oxidation. The mechanism for this conversion begins with production of the radical cation [EDOT]+, which attacks a neutral EDOT molecule followed by deprotonation.  Further similar steps result in the dehydropolymerization.  The idealized conversion using peroxydisulfate is shown
n C2H4O2C4H2S + n (OSO3)22− → [C2H4O2C4S]n + 2n HOSO3−

For commercial purposes, the polymerization is conducted in the presence of polystyrenesulfonate.

References

Thiophenes
Dioxanes
Photovoltaic inverter manufacturers
Joseph Newman (1815 – 4 January 1892) was a 19th-century Member of Parliament in the Waikato, New Zealand.

Biography
Newman was born in Willoughby, Lincolnshire in 1815 to a small farmer of the same name. Mehetabel Newman was a younger sister. Another sister was Elizabeth Newman, who became the second wife of William Thomas Fairburn and died in childbirth in 1847. Newman received his education at the nearby Alford Grammar School and then worked in the flour milling and grain-buying business. He became a teetotaller as a young man. He applied to become a missionary for the London Missionary Society but was not chosen.

Newman came to New Zealand on the James in 1840, travelling in the company of several missionaries. He returned to England in 1845 to marry Caroline Ewen. Upon his return, he bought farming land at Kohimarama. From 1850, he worked as an auctioneer. He had a house, now Cotter House, built in Remuera in 1847 and rebuilt in 1862; it is an early Victorian-style house which is one of the oldest remaining houses still standing in Auckland. He had a business partnership with the landowner and auctioneer Alfred Buckland from 1855 to 1856. Afterwards, he had a business partnership with his brother-in-law, Walter Ewen.

Newman entered politics by being elected to the first Auckland Provincial Council for the Southern Division electorate, where he served from August 1853 to September 1855. In October 1863, he was elected unopposed to represent the Raglan electorate on the council, was again unopposed at the 1865 election and served until November 1868. From February to December 1864, he was appointed to the Auckland Executive Council. From 18 April 1864, he served as Deputy Superintendent, until he resigned in November of that year. The next Deputy Superintendent, Samuel Jackson, was appointed on 21 July 1865. In January 1865 Newman was appointed as commissioner for settlement of the 'waste lands' of Waikato after their invasion. He represented the Raglan electorate in Parliament from  to 1867, when he resigned.

He died on 4 January 1892 at his Remuera residence, a bit over a year after sustaining serious injury from a falling signboard. Several obituaries and more modern sources say the board was a whisky advert and that he was struck down by drink, but it was more probably advertising biscuits. Newman was well known as a teetotaller. He was buried in St Andrew's, Epsom Anglican cemetery and was survived by his wife; they had no children.

Notes

References

External links 
 1870 plan of Cotter House
 Photos of Cotter House in 1909 and recent

1815 births
1892 deaths
People educated at Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Alford
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
New Zealand MPs for North Island electorates
Members of the Auckland Provincial Council
Members of Auckland provincial executive councils
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1884 New Zealand general election
19th-century New Zealand politicians
New Zealand temperance activists
Fairburn–Newman family
Darkness (1985) is a collection of short stories by  Bharati Mukherjee.

Contents

External links
Literary Encyclopedia (in progress).

1985 short story collections
Asian-American short story collections
Short story collections by Bharati Mukherjee
American short story collections
Literature by Asian-American women
Indian diaspora in fiction
Youli (Chinese: ) was a former settlement in ancient China. It was the location of King Zhou's imprisonment of the Zhou king Wen. It was during this captivity that he was said to have constructed the 64 hexagrams of the I Ching.

It is thought to have been located at the site of present-day Tangyin in Henan.

References

Shang dynasty
The Abbey Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, Bath, commonly known as Bath Abbey, is an Anglican parish church and a former Benedictine monastery in Bath, Somerset, England.

It has had several organs since the first was installed in 1634 and multiple organists and assistant organists since the 16th century.

Organs

The first mention of an organ in the Abbey dates to 1634, but nothing is known of this instrument. The first properly recorded organ in Bath Abbey was built by Abraham Jordan in 1708. It was modified in 1718 and 1739 by Jordan's son. The specification recorded in 1800 was one of twenty stops spread over three manuals. The abbey's next organ was built in 1836 by John Smith of Bristol, to a specification of thirty stops over three manuals and pedals. This instrument was rebuilt on a new gallery in the North Transept by William Hill & Son of London in 1868, to a specification of forty stops spread over four manuals and pedals, although the Solo department, which would have brought the total to well over forty, was not completed.

A new organ was supplied to the abbey in 1895 by Norman and Beard of Norwich. It had 52 stops spread over four manuals and pedals. It was again rebuilt in 1930, and then by Hill, Norman and Beard in 1948, which brought the number of stops to 58. In 1972 this was increased to a total of 65 speaking stops. The organ was totally reconstructed in 1997 by Klais Orgelbau of Bonn, retaining the existing instrument as far as was possible and restoring it largely to its 1895 condition, although the Positive division was kept. The instrument as it now stands has 63 speaking stops over four manuals and pedals.

Continuo organ
A four-stop continuo organ was built for the abbey in 1999 by Northampton-based organ builder Kenneth Tickell. The instrument, contained in a case of dark oak, is portable, and can be tuned to three pitches: A=440 Hz (modern concert pitch), A=415 Hz and A=486 Hz. A lever pedal can reduce the stops sounding to only the 8' stop and, when released, returns the organ to the registration in use before it was depressed. A page about similar instruments on the builder's website can be found here.

Directors of Music

 William Cupper ???? – 1539
 John Dodwell 1701
 George Griffeth ca 1703
 Abraham Jordan 1709 – 1710
 Thomas Dean 1710 – 1711

 Josiah Priest 1711 – 1726
 Thomas Chilcot 1726 – 1766
 Joseph Tylee 1767 – 1794
 Thomas Field 1795 – 1831
 Charles Milsom 1832 – 1839
 James Kendrick Pyne 1839 – 1892

 Albert Edward New 1890 – 1933
 Ernest Walter Maynard 1933 – 1967
 John Dudley Holroyd 1967 – 1985
 Peter King 1986 - 2016 
Shean Bowers (Interim) 2016 - 2017
Huw Williams 2017-

Organists
 Shean Bowers 2017 - 2022

Assistant organists
 Raymond Jones 1935 – 1975 (Teacher and Organist of a Church destroyed in 1942 air raid)
 Marcus Sealy 1974 – 2005 (now Sub Organist)
 Mark Swinton 2005 – 2008
 Gary Desmond 2008 – 2010 (post abolished upon creation of new post for Assistant Director of Music)

Assistant Directors of Music
 Shean Bowers 2010 - 2022

Sub Organists
 Marcus Sealy 2005 -2017

References

Bath Abbbey
Bath Abbbey
Music in Bath, Somerset
Organists
Hajra () is a female given name. The origin of the name is Arabic 'هاجر' (Hajar). It is one of the spellings of Hagar, the second wife of Ibrahim (Abraham) and mother of his first son, Ismail.

Notable people with the name include:
Hajrah Begum, Indian politician
Hajra Khan (actress), Pakistani actress
Hajra Khan (footballer), Pakistani footballer
Hajra Masroor, Pakistani feminist writer
Hajra Waheed, Canadian artist
Hajra Yamin, Pakistani actress

See also
 Hagar in Islam

References

Arabic feminine given names
Feminine given names
Bosnian feminine given names
Pakistani feminine given names
Colleen Wolstenholme (born 31 May 1963 in Antigonish, Nova Scotia) is a Canadian artist. Wolstenholme is best known for her sculptures of oversized pharmaceutical drugs.

Her work is included in the collections of the National Gallery of Canada and the Art Gallery of Nova Scotia. Her public artwork Buspar Column, located near the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, is in the collection of the city of Montreal.

References

External links 
 

1963 births
Living people
Artists from Nova Scotia
Canadian women sculptors
People from Antigonish, Nova Scotia
21st-century Canadian sculptors
21st-century Canadian women artists
Ramsey Route 17 station is one of two railroad stations operated by New Jersey Transit in the borough of Ramsey, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. Named after nearby Route 17, trains at the station are serviced by the Main Line and Bergen County Line, along with Metro-North Railroad's Port Jervis Line.

History 
The current station at Ramsey Route 17 is located next to the Westervelt–Ackerson House on Island Road, which saw service beginning on October 19, 1848, with the opening of the Paterson and Ramapo Railroad. The train went from Paterson to Suffern, where connections were available to the Erie Railroad. The station was known as Westervelt's. The current station opened on August 22, 2004.

Station layout 
The station has two tracks, each with a high-level side platform. It also has a pedestrian overpass complete with elevators, making it accessible for handicapped persons, and a quintuple-level parking structure to help serve as a park and ride.

Gallery

References

External links 

 Station from Route 17 from Google Maps Street View

NJ Transit Rail Operations stations
Railway stations in the United States opened in 2004
Ramsey, New Jersey
2004 establishments in New Jersey
Railway stations in Bergen County, New Jersey
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1848
Walcott may refer to:

People
 Walcott (surname)

Places  
England
 Walcott, Lincolnshire
 Walcott, Norfolk

United States
 Walcott, Arkansas
 Walcott, Iowa
 Walcott, North Dakota
 Walcott, Wyoming

See also 
 Walcot, Lincolnshire
 de Walcott family
 Walcot (disambiguation)
 Wolcott (disambiguation)
 Walcote (disambiguation)
 "Walcott", a song by Vampire Weekend from their 2008 self-titled album
Adrien Ries (14 July 1933 – 10 October 1991) was a Luxembourgian economist.  Much of his work revolved around transport economics, particularly the automobile, and the spatial implications of economic activity.  He was also responsible for coining the idea of 'Nordstad', a unified urban area in northern Luxembourg to decentralize economic activity from Luxembourg City and the Red Lands. From 1982 to 1966 he worked for the European Commission as an economist. He was also known as an avid hiker and author.

References

Luxembourgian economists
1933 births
1991 deaths
20th-century economists
USRC Mackinac, later USCGC Mackinac, was a patrol boat that served in the United States Revenue Cutter Service from 1903 to 1915 and in the United States Coast Guard from 1915 to 1917 and from 1919 to 1939.

Construction and commissioning

USRC Mackinac was launched on 11 October 1902 by the Spedden Company at Baltimore, Maryland. She was commissioned into the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service on 29 October 1903, the first ship of the Revenue Cutter Service to bear the name.

Operations on the Great Lakes and Massachusetts coast 1903-1917

Upon commissioning, Mackinac was assigned to duty on the Great Lakes as a boarding boat at Erie, Pennsylvania.

She left the Great Lakes briefly in the spring of 1905 for service along the Massachusetts coast, but on 25 April 1905 she was ordered to return to the Great Lakes, specifically to proceed to Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, for "customs duty, and enforce the rules and regulations governing the movement and anchorages of vessels in the St. Mary's River."  She arrived at Sault Ste. Marie on 28 June 1905. When the Great Lakes iced over for the winter, she was placed out of service at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on 1 December 1905 to await the opening of navigation in the spring of 1906.

Until 1917, Mackinac operated in the Great Lakes each year during the navigation season and was laid up each winter when ice closed the lakes to navigation.

When the United States Coast Guard was created in 1915 by the merger of the Revenue Cutter Service with the United States Lifesaving Service, Mackinac, redesignated USCGC Mackinac, became part of the new Coast Guard.

United States Navy service 1917-1919
When the United States entered World War I in 1917, Mackinacs Great Lakes routine ended when she was taken over by the United States Navy for use as a patrol boat.  As USS Mackinac, she served in the Atlantic in the 3rd Naval District during the war, patrolling the United States East Coast. She was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register and returned to the Coast Guard on 28 August 1919, once again becoming USCGC Mackinac.

Coast Guard career 1919-1939

Upon her return to the Coast Guard, Mackinac was stationed at Boston, Massachusetts, from which she patrolled the New England coast for the remainder of her Coast Guard career, .

Decommissioning

Mackinac was decommissioned on 8 June 1939

Notes

References
 
 United States Coast Guard Historian's Office: Mackinac, 1903

Ships of the United States Revenue Cutter Service
Ships of the United States Coast Guard
Ships built in Baltimore
1902 ships
Cypasis or Kypasis () was an Emporium of the Cardia, on the east of the Hebrus River, on the Bay of Melas.

Its site is located  north of the mouth of the Kavak River in European Turkey.

References

Populated places in ancient Thrace
Former populated places in Turkey
History of Çanakkale Province
Humphrey Plantagenet may refer to:

Humphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester (1390–1447)
Humphrey, 2nd Earl of Buckingham (1381–1399)
Shenzhen World North () station is an interchange station for Line 12 and Line 20 of Shenzhen Metro in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. Line 20 platforms opened on 28 December 2021 and Line 12 platforms opened on 28 November 2022. It is located in Bao'an District.

Station layout

References

External links

Shenzhen Metro stations
Bao'an District
Railway stations in China opened in 2021
Bernardo Andrés Campos Araniba (born 23 April 1991) is a Chilean footballer who plays as striker. His last club was Deportes Valdivia.

Titles

Club
Universidad Católica
 Primera División de Chile (1): 2010

External links
cruzados profile

1991 births
Living people
Chilean men's footballers
Club Deportivo Universidad Católica footballers
Men's association football forwards
Footballers from Santiago
Malín Falú (born June 28, 1946) is an American journalist and model from Puerto Rico. She is a popular personality on Spanish language radio in New York City.

The daughter of Juan Falú Zarzuela and Malén Pesante, she was born in Santurce. Falú received a bachelor's degree in social science from the University of Puerto Rico and a master's degree from the New School of Social Research. She also attended the Allen & Singer Broadcasting School in New Jersey.

Falú worked as a model in New York City and was host of a Spanish language version of the television program Soul Train.

In 1973, she was named Woman of the Year by El Nuevo Día.

In 2006, her program Diálogo de Costa a Costa received a Beacon Award from the Association of Cable Communicators.

References

External links 
  
 Malín Falú (1946- ), Will Guzmán, June 5, 2020, BlackPast.org

1946 births
Living people
People from Santurce, Puerto Rico
Puerto Rican journalists
Leopold Potesil (13 May 1933 – 18 January 2023) was an Austrian boxer. He competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics and the 1956 Summer Olympics.

Potesil died on 18 January 2023, at the age of 89.

References

1933 births
2023 deaths
Austrian male boxers
Olympic boxers for Austria
Boxers at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Boxers at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing
Light-welterweight boxers
20th-century Austrian people
The AARP Movies for Grownups Awards are awards given out to "champion films made by and for grownups." Given annually by the AARP, they began in 2002 with the goal of encouraging Hollywood to make more movies by and about people over the age of 50. The first awards were announced in an issue of AARP the Magazine, before transitioning to an annual ceremony in 2006. Since 2018, the awards have been telecast throughout the United States on PBS.

History
The first Movies for Grownups awards were announced in a 2002 issue of AARP the Magazine, recognizing films released in 2001. The first award for Best Movie for Grownups was given to Lantana, while Best Director was awarded to Robert Altman for Gosford Park. The awards are chosen by the editors of AARP the Magazine, and all winners and nominees must be at least fifty years old. The original trophy was called La Chaise d'Or, and was a golden statue in the shape of a movie theater chair.

The awards transitioned to a live ceremony in 2006, with that year's event being hosted at the Bel-Air Hotel by Angela Lansbury and Shelley Berman. That year, the award for Best Movie for Grownups was given to Capote.

Starting in 2007, an annual Career Achievement Award was added as part of the ceremony.

In 2015, for the first time, the awards were telecast locally on Los Angeles's KTLA station. In 2018, AARP began an ongoing arrangement to broadcast the awards on PBS as part of the Great Performances series. That year's awards were hosted by Alan Cumming, with Best Movie for Grownups going to Star Wars: The Last Jedi.

The first award for a TV movie was given to Hell on Heels: The Battle of Mary Kay in 2003. TV awards were later discontinued, until the 2021 ceremony, when AARP added new categories to recognize achievement in television as well as film. That year's ceremony was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with a limited selection of awards announced in a televised ceremony hosted by Hoda Kotb.

Categories

Current Categories - Film
 Best Movie for Grownups: since 2002
 Best Director: since 2002
 Best Actor: since 2002
 Best Actress: since 2002
 Best Documentary: since 2002
 Best Foreign Language Film: since 2002
 Best Screenwriter: since 2003
 Best Intergenerational Film: since 2003
 Best Time Capsule: since 2003 
 Best Grownup Love Story: since 2003 
 Best Supporting Actor: since 2008
 Best Supporting Actress: since 2008
 Best Buddy Picture: since 2008 
 Best Ensemble: since 2018

Current Categories - Television
 Best TV Movie/Limited Series: 2003-2006, 2021-
 Best Series: since 2021
 Best Actress: since 2021
 Best Actor: since 2021

Discontinued Categories
 Best Movie for Grownups Who Refuse to Grow Up: 2002-2017
 Best Comedy: 2006-2017
 Breakthrough Achievement: 2003-2015
 Reader's Choice: 2020

Footnotes

References

 
Movies for Grownups Awards
American film awards
Awards established in 2002
Puviarasu or Puviyarasu, born. 1930), is a Tamil poet and translator from Tamil Nadu, India.

Biography
Puviyarasu was born in a village near Udumalpet. His birth name was S. Jagannathan. Puviyarasu is the Tamil translation of the Sanskritic "Jagannathan". His family moved to and settled in Coimbatore. He obtained his intermediate degree from Government Arts College, Coimbatore and his Tamil Vidwan degree from Perur Tamil College. He worked as a Tamil teacher for more than thirty years. He first started publishing in 1952. He is a Marxist by political orientation and is an opponent of Dravidian parties. He was imprisoned for his participation in agitations for making Tamil the administrative language of Tamil Nadu and the border agitations. He was one of the founders of the short-lived Vanambadi literary movement. In his literary career he has published more than 80 books. He has also translated the works of Shakespeare, Khalil Gibran, Omar Khayyam, Osho, Dostoevsky and Rabindranath Tagore into Tamil. Some of his poems have been translated into English, Russian, Hungarian, Malayalam, Kannada, Hindi and Sinhalese. In 2007 he won the Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize for his poem Puratchikaaran - translation of Kazi Nazrul Islam's The Revolutionary. In 2010, he was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award for Tamil for his poetry collection Kaioppam (lit. The Signature). The charitable trust Puviyarasu Tamil Valarchi Mayyam (started for training Tamil teachers properly) has been named after him. He currently lives in Coimbatore.

Partial bibliography

Poetry
Kaioppam
Ettu thisai kaatru
Kavithaikenna Kelvi
Meendum zen kavithaikal
 Idu dhan
 Vaasippu

Translations
The Book of  Mirdad by Mikha'il Na'ima
The Brothers Karamazov by Fyodor Dostoevsky
Hamlet
Othello
Romeo and Juliet

Drama
Manidhan
Moondram pirai

Awards and recognitions
Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize (2007)
Kalaignar Porkizhi Award (2008)
Sahitya Akademi Award for Tamil (2009)
Sahitya Puraskar Award from Kerala Cultural Centre

Books 
His books are available as ebooks at Pustaka.

References

1930 births
Living people
20th-century Indian poets
20th-century Indian translators
Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Tamil
Tamil writers
Poets from Tamil Nadu
Indian Tamil people
20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights
People from Tiruppur district
Translators to Tamil
Dramatists and playwrights from Tamil Nadu
Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Prize for Translation
The JTA are an English two-piece Britrock band from Newcastle upon Tyne/London.

Career
The JTA began 2019 by stating that they would release a new song every two weeks through their website. Their anti-Brexit track "Water" was subsequently played on BBC Newcastle. The band have performed at venues across the UK including O2 Academy Newcastle and gained a reputation for appearing on stage wearing Balaclavas.

The band are also known for their work with local charities, most frequently Teenage Cancer Trust.

References

English rock music groups
Musical groups established in 2013
2013 establishments in England
Plans for the Albino Rock Lighthouse were published in 1940 with construction scheduled to begin the same year.  The plans showed a  tower with square white concrete standing at a base elevation of .  It was the last light to complete the chain along Northern Queensland to Torres Strait.  to the north lay the Hinchinbrook Light, and  to the south was Cape Cleveland Light.  The light characteristic was white with three flashes every 20 seconds (Fl.W.20s), 15,000 candlepower, and  visibility.  

In 2012, after showing significant cracking and deterioration, the tower was completely demolished down to the concrete base and replaced with a fiberglass hexagonal tower. The former Fresnel lens is on display at the Townsville Maritime Museum.

Notes 

Lighthouses completed in 1940
Lighthouses in Queensland
Buildings and structures in North Queensland
The Great Britain women's water polo team is a water polo team that represented Great Britain at the London 2012 Olympics, where they made their Olympic debut.

Results

Olympic Games
2012 — 8th place

World Championship
1986 — 9th place
2003 — 16th place
2013 — 13th place

European Championship
2012 — 7th place
2014 — 8th place
2024 — Qualified

European Games
2015 — 11th place

Roster

References

External links
Official website

Women's water polo in the United Kingdom
Women's national water polo teams