無損檢測

無損檢測（Nondestructive testing，NDT）又稱非破壞檢驗，是在不影響檢測物件未來使用功能或現在的執行狀態前提下，採用射線、超聲、紅外、電磁、太赫茲無損檢測 等原理技術儀器對材料、零件、裝置進行缺陷、化學、物理引數的檢測技術。常見的有超聲波檢測焊縫中的裂紋等方法。中國機械工程學會無損檢測學會是中國無損檢測學術組織，TC56 是其標準化機構。

應用與技術

An example of a 3D replicating technique. The flexible high-resolution replicas allow surfaces to be examined and measured under laboratory conditions. A replica can be taken from all solid materials.

NDT is divided into various methods of nondestructive testing, each based on a particular scientific principle. These methods may be further subdivided into various techniques. The various methods and techniques, due to their particular natures, may lend themselves especially well to certain applications and be of little or no value at all in other applications. Therefore, choosing the right method and technique is an important part of the performance of NDT.

聲發射檢測 （AE or AT）
紅藍酸蝕氧化檢測（BEA，Blue etch anodize）
或 （PT or LPI）
（ET 或 EMI，Electromagnetic Inspection）
（ACFM，Alternating current field measurement）
（ACPD，Alternating current potential drop measurement）
巴克豪森效應測試（Barkhausen testing）
（DCPD，Direct current potential drop measurement）
渦電流檢測（ECT，Eddy-current testing）
Magnetic flux leakage testing (MFL) for pipelines, tank floors, and wire rope
（MT 或 MPI，Magnetic-particle inspection）
（Magnetovision）
（RFT，Remote field testing）
橢圓偏振技術（Ellipsometry）
內窺鏡檢測
（GWT，Guided wave testing）
硬度測試（Hardness testing）
（IET，Impulse excitation technique）
（Microwave imaging）
（THz，Terahertz nondestructive evaluation）
紅外線及熱力檢測 （IR，Infrared and thermal testing）
熱成像儀
Laser testing
Electronic speckle pattern interferometry
Holographic interferometry
Self-mixing laser interferometry
低連續性干涉測量術（Low coherence interferometry）
光學同調斷層掃描（OCT，Optical coherence tomography）
（Profilometer）
（Shearography）
Leak testing (LT) or Leak detection
Hydrostatic test
Absolute pressure leak testing (pressure change)
Bubble testing
Halogen diode leak testing
Hydrogen leak testing
Mass spectrometer leak testing
Tracer-gas leak testing method for helium, hydrogen and refrigerant gases
核磁共振成像（MRI，Magnetic Resonance Imaging）及核磁共振光譜法（NMR spectroscopy）
Metallographic replicas
Spectroscopy
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)
Mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR)
(Far-infrared =) Terahertz spectroscopy
Raman Spectroscopy
Optical microscopy
Positive material identification (PMI)
Radiographic testing (RT) (see also Industrial radiography and Radiography)
Computed radiography
Digital radiography (real-time)
Neutron imaging
SCAR (small controlled area radiography)
X-ray computed tomography (CT)
Resonant inspection
Resonant acoustic method (RAM)
Scanning electron microscopy
Surface temper etch (Nital Etch)
Ultrasonic testing (UT)
Acoustic resonance technology (ART)
Angle beam testing
Electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) (non-contact)
Laser ultrasonics (LUT)
Internal rotary inspection system (IRIS) ultrasonics for tubes
Phased array ultrasonics (PAUT)
Thickness measurement
Time of flight diffraction ultrasonics (TOFD)
Time-of-flight ultrasonic determination of 3D elastic constants (TOF)
Vibration analysis
Visual inspection (VT)
Pipeline video inspection
Weight and load testing of structures
Corroscan/C-scan
3D computed tomography
Industrial CT scanning
Heat Exchanger Life Assessment System
RTJ Flange Special Ultrasonic Testing