Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Luc Urbain du Bouëxic, comte de Guichen (June 21, 1712, Fougères, Ille-et-Vilaine – January 13, 1790, Morlaix) was a French admiral who commanded the French fleets that fought the British at the First Battle of Ushant (1778) and the Battle of Martinique (1780) during the American War of Independence.

Biography
Guichen joined the Navy in 1730 as a Garde-Marine. He was promoted to lieutenant de vaisseau in 1746.

In 1748, Guichen fought five battles against superior British forces, while a convoy escorting from the Caribbean back to France. He was made a Knight in the Order of Saint Louis that same year.

In 1755, he participated in the abortive relief expedition to Louisbourg under Dubois de La Motte, on the 70-gun Héros. In 1775 he was appointed to the frigate Terpsichore, attached to the Escadre d'évolution. He was promoted to Captain in May 1756.

The year after, he was promoted to Chef d'Escadre.

First Battle of Ushant
After France entered the War of American Independence, Guichen was appointed to the command of the Channel fleet, which he led in the Battle of Ushant on 27 July 1778. His flagship, the 104-gun Ville de Paris, was next in line to the fleet flagship Bretagne.  In March 1779, he was promoted Lieutenant Général des Armées navales, As such he commanded the French van in the Combined fleet of Orvillers and Córdoba from June to September.

Battle of Martinique

In January 1780, Guichen was sent to the West Indies with a strong squadron. On 17 April to the leeward of Martinique, Guichen's fleet met a force under Rodney, leading to the Battle of Martinique. During the engagement, both Rodney's Sandwich and Guichen's Couronne were temporarily cut off from their respective fleets and had to bear the brunt of the battle.

Two inconclusive actions followed on 15 May and 19 May 1780.

With the hurricane season approaching in July, Guichen left the West Indies and returned home, reaching Cadiz in September with a convoy of 95 merchantmen. Guichen's second-in-command, Sade de Vaudronne, died at sea as the fleet arrived.

1781 action in the Bay of Biscay
In December 1781, Guichen was tasked to carry stores and reinforcements to the West Indies. On 12 December, British Admiral Kempenfelt intercepted Guichen's squadron in the Bay of Biscay through a temporary clearance in a fog, at a moment when Guichen's warships were to leeward of the convoy, and attacked the transports at once, yielding the Second Battle of Ushant. Kempenfelt captured twenty of the transports and forced the others to retreat to port. Having failed his mission, Guichen then also returned to port. He had no opportunity to gain any counterbalancing success during the short remainder of the war, but he was present at the final relief of Gibraltar by Lord Howe.

Legacy
Guichen Bay in South Australia and the French ship Guichen of the First World War were named after him.

In 1785, Guichen was elected an international member of the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia.

Notes

Citations

References
 Endnotes:

 

1712 births
1790 deaths
People from Fougères
French Navy admirals
Counts of Guichen
The Church of King Charles the Martyr is a Church of England parish church in Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England. It is a Grade I listed building.

History 
In the 1670s, Tunbridge Wells had few permanent structures when it started to receive visits from members of the English Royal Family. The church was built on land belonging to Viscountess Purbeck as a chapel of ease for those visiting The Pantiles and was opened in 1676 after being constructed by Thomas Neale. It was dedicated to King Charles the Martyr: the cult of Charles I, who was executed in 1649 and whose son Charles II had been restored in 1660. While it was a chapel of ease, it served the parishes of Frant, Speldhurst and Tonbridge.

When it was built, the church was the first substantial building constructed in Tunbridge Wells. The church had no resident vicar until 1709, and relied on visiting clergymen to conduct services. As Tunbridge Wells expanded, so did the church. After new parishes were created for the expanding town, the position of the chapel became an anomaly and it eventually became itself a parish church in 1889, but with an unusually small parochial area. It had been visited by the young Queen Victoria with her mother the Duchess of Kent, and a plaque was installed to commemorate this on the pew they sat in.

Design 

The church was built using red bricks. The ceilings inside are made of plaster with five domes and were designed in 1678 by John Wetherell. In 1688, Henry Doogood, the chief plasterer of Sir Christopher Wren, expanded it. In 1846, a vestry and a schoolroom was added. In 1882, Ewan Christian re-orientated the church while adding a chancel and reinforcing the church with steel. The panels either side of the altar in the new chancel came from a demolished church designed by Christopher Wren, St. Antholin, Budge Row, in the City of London.

Outside the church is a stone set into the pavement which marked the parish boundaries of Speldhurst, Tonbridge and Frant, and also of Kent and Sussex before the county boundaries were redrawn.

In 1969, Lawrence Lee produced The Ruth Window, a small two-light window with the figure of Ruth in one light and her work - gleaning in the fields - in the other.

See also 
List of places of worship in Tunbridge Wells (borough)

References

External links
 
 Parish of Church of King Charles the Martyr, Royal Tunbridge Wells website
 Architecture of King Charles the Martyr Church

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tunbridge Wells, Church of King C
Category:English churches dedicated to King Charles the Martyrharles the Martyr}}
Grade I listed churches in Kent
Church of England church buildings in Kent
Diocese of Rochester
Church of King Charles the Martyr
Charles I of England
English churches dedicated to King Charles the Martyr
Nika Kirillovna Osipova (; born 2 February 2001) is a Russian-born pair skater who competes for the Netherlands with Dmitry Epstein. They made their competitive debut  in February 2021. 

Osipova formerly represented Russia with Aleksandr Galliamov as a junior during the 2016–2017 skating season. Together, they won the Volvo Open Cup in November 2016.

Career

2020–2021 season: Partnership with Epstein 
After a good start on the first day at the 2021 International Challenge Cup to qualify for the 2021 World Championships, they didn't qualify due to a fall the next day.

Programs

With Epstein

Competitive highlights 
GP: Grand Prix; CS: Challenger Series

With Epstein for the Netherlands

With Galliamov for Russia

References

External links

Living people
Dutch female pair skaters
Russian female pair skaters
Dutch sportswomen
2001 births
Russian emigrants to the Netherlands
Stictocephala is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae; in the subfamily Smiliinae and tribe Ceresini. Species appear to be distributed mostly in North America, but S. bisonia has become widely distributed in Europe.

Species
The Catalogue of Life lists:
 Stictocephala albescens
 Stictocephala alta
 Stictocephala basalis
 Stictocephala bisonia
 Stictocephala brevicornis
 Stictocephala brevis
 Stictocephala brevitylus
 Stictocephala diceros
 Stictocephala diminuta
 Stictocephala lutea
 Stictocephala militaris
 Stictocephala nervosa
 Stictocephala ornithisca
 Stictocephala palmeri
 Stictocephala stimulea
 Stictocephala substriata
 Stictocephala taurina
 Stictocephala tauriniformis

References

External links
 

Smiliinae
Auchenorrhyncha genera
Jane Catharine Tost (1817-1889) was an Australian taxidermist.

Tost and her siblings learned taxidermy from their parents, John and Catherine Ward. John Ward was a bird breeder and naturalist. Tost was employed at British Museum in the 1840s and 1850s before emigrating to Australia.

She was employed stuffing and mounting specimens for the Royal Society of Tasmania at the Hobart Town Museum in 1856-60, and had the same position at the Australian Museum in Sydney in 1864-69. This position was unusual for her gender and she was a pioneer as such. From 1872 onward, she managed the Tost & Coates Berlin Wool Depot and Taxidermists in Sydney with her daughter Ada Jane Rohu (1848-1928), and from 1860, mother and daughter participated in international exhibitions and won many prizes.

References

Sources
 Australian Dictionary of Biography

1817 births
1889 deaths
19th-century Australian artists
19th-century Australian businesspeople
Taxidermists
19th-century Australian women artists
Chistopol  was an airport in Russia located 7 km southwest of Chistopol.  It was a small airport, with a single tarmac runway with one building.

Overhead imagery from Google Earth shows a structure, equipment and materials on the runway, beginning before 1 May 2014.  Other imagery through 10 August 2018 demonstrates the structure has remained in place.  Furthermore, security fencing has been installed and various pieces of equipment within and without the fence, being moved from time-to-time.  It appears this airport has been re-purposed as an equipment and materials storage depot.

References
RussianAirFields.com

External links 
 Official website of Chistopol municipal district 
 The article about local airlines on the website of the republican newspaper 

Airports built in the Soviet Union
Airports in Tatarstan
The 2012 The Jewish Home leadership election was held on 5 November 2012 to elect the leader of The Jewish Home party. The election took place in advance of the 2013 Israeli legislative election. Naftali Bennett was elected as leader, defeating Zevulun Orlev.

A month before the leadership election, incumbent leader Daniel Hershkowitz announced that he would not contend.

Background 
The Jewish Home was founded in 2008 as a merger of the National Religious Party and the National Union, who previously ran on a joint ticket in the 2006 election. The party's first leader was Daniel Hershkowitz, a mathematician who was chosen by a special committee led by Yaakov Amidror. In the 2009 election, the party was elected to the Knesset, winning 3 seats. The party then joined the newly-formed second Netanyahu government.

On 19 April 2012, the party decided to hold a membership census, which would be followed by elections to the party's leadership and electoral list in September. The census began on 22 April, but ended in early September. As a result, the leadership election took place in November. On 17 May, Member of the Knesset Zevulun Orlev announced his intention to run for leadership, challenging Hershkowitz. On 21 May, former Yesha Council chairman Naftali Bennett announced his campaign.

Candidates
Naftali Bennett, former chief of staff for Benjamin Netanyahu, former chairman of the Yesha Council, co-founder of the My Israel movement.
Yehuda Cohen
Zevulun Orlev, Member of the Knesset, former leader of the National Religious Party, former Minister of Welfare and Social Services.

Withdrawn 

 Daniel Hershkowitz, incumbent party leader, Member of the Knesset and Minister of Science and Technology. (endorsed Orlev)

Campaign 
On 19 October, Bennett, Orlev and Hershkowitz participated in a televised debate held on Channel 2 and hosted by Amit Segal. The debate took place a day after the National Union merged into the Jewish Home. On 22 October, Hershkowitz announced his withdrawal from the election and endorsed Orlev.

Results
The election was open to the party's nearly 54,000 members to vote in 168 polling stations across the nation.

Aftermath
After his loss, Orlev announced that he would be retiring from the Knesset. Following the primary, the party won 12 seats in the 2013 election, and remained in the coalition.

Bennett led the party until late 2018, when he left to co-found and lead the The New Right. He later became the prime minister of Israel, serving from 2021 through 2022.

References

Jewish Home leadership
2012
Jewish Home
Jewish Home leadership election
2012 Jewish Home leadership election
Bruce Edward McLeod (30 January 1940 – 1 May 1996) was a New Zealand rugby union player. A hooker, McLeod represented Counties at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, from 1964 to 1970. He played 46 matches for the All Blacks including 24 internationals.

References

1940 births
1996 deaths
Rugby union players from Auckland
People educated at Otahuhu College
New Zealand rugby union players
New Zealand international rugby union players
Counties Manukau rugby union players
Hawke's Bay rugby union players
Rugby union hookers
Charlie Williams (born 1971) is an English writer who has published six novels and a number of shorter works. Williams grew up in the town of Worcester on the borders of Western England, and was educated at Swansea University.

Books
Five of Williams' novels comprise The Mangel Series, about nightclub doorman Royston Blake and set in the fictional town of Mangel, which is based loosely on Worcester itself. Deadfolk was published in 2004, Fags and Lager in 2005, King of the Road in 2006, One Dead Hen in 2011 and Made of Stone in 2013. Comic, rural noir in the style of writers such as Jim Thompson, they use a colloquial first-person narrative throughout, in dialect, with Royston Blake as narrator. Thematically the novels explore dysfunctional masculinity and the decline and alienation of provincial Britain, and are littered with references to popular cultural icons of the seventies and eighties (Blake's, and Williams', formative period). Previous to the success of the Mangel Trilogy Williams had attempted for some years to break into the horror genre, and the sensibilities of that field are detectable in his published work (see, for example, the chainsaw scene in Deadfolk).

Other notable works are the novel Stairway to Hell (2009), the novella Graven Image (2011) and the screenplay for the short film Ark.

Personal life
Williams lives outside Worcester with his family.

References

21st-century English novelists
1971 births
Living people
Alumni of Swansea University
People educated at the Royal Grammar School Worcester
English male novelists
21st-century English male writers
The ichcahuipilli, known in Spanish as escaupil was a Mesoamerican military soft body armor, similar to the European gambeson, which was commonly used by the Aztecs and the Tlaxcalans. It was constructed of densely packed, unspun cotton stitched between two layers of fabric. The name is derived from the Nahuatl words ichcatl "cotton" and huīpīlli "shirt".

Use

Ichcahuipilli armor was a lightweight, multifunctional garment worn on the torso of the warrior, designed to provide blunt-force trauma protection against clubs and batons, slash protection from obsidian macuahuitl, and projectile protection from arrows and atlatl darts. Ichcahuipilli were made of successive layers of packed cotton and cloth, at least one inch thick, and sewn in diamond-shaped patterns. Wearers usually wore the ichcahuipilli directly on their skin, however, the most experienced warriors, especially those of the orders of eagle and jaguar warriors, used it to complement a tlahuiztli suit. 

Upon contact with a shot projectile, the dense fibrous materials of the vest would absorb the energy of the shot and dissipate it on a much larger area, stopping the bullet or arrow in the vest.

Atlatl darts in particular were found to regularly penetrate European chainmail. Ichcahuipilli was so effective at stopping arrows, darts, and even lead musket shot, Spanish soldiers often discarded their own, heavier plate armor, which was uncomfortable in the warmer, moist Mexican climate and prone to rust, in favor of indigenous armor which was lighter and comparatively maintenance-free.

Variations

Most ichcahuipilli were made in a vest style that covered the torso down to the hips; however, various other designs were made and worn by Aztec soldiers of different ranks and warrior societies. The armor came in sleeved variations or in surcoat designs that covered most of a warrior's body down to the knees.

Popular culture

For SpikeTV's reality program Deadliest Warrior, a piece of material designated as ichcahuipilli armor was tested against the iron-tipped arrows of the Azande pima and botto. The armor was able to stop the arrows and even ward off some of them. It was later determined that although the arrows penetrated the material, the arrows were stopped and penetration was minimal enough to not cause any serious injury.

See also
Aztec warfare
Armor

References

Aztec clothing
Mesoamerican clothing
Body armor
History of Tlaxcala
Nuckolls-Jefferies House, also known as the Nuckolls House and Wagstop Plantation, is a historic plantation house located near Pacolet, Cherokee County, South Carolina. It was built in 1843, with alterations in the 1870s or 1880s. It is a -story, frame residence in a combined Greek Revival / Classical Revival style.  It is clad in weatherboard and sits on a stone foundation. The front facade features a two-tiered central, pedimented portico supported by two sets of slender wooden posts. The rear of the house has a two-story ell, built during the 1996 restoration.  Also on the property are three contributing outbuildings: a small, one-story log gable-front building that dates from the mid-to-late 19th century that served as the farm's smokehouse, a -story gable-front frame barn, and another frame gable-front barn with side shed lean-to extensions.

It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

References

Plantation houses in South Carolina
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina
Greek Revival houses in South Carolina
Neoclassical architecture in South Carolina
Houses completed in 1843
Houses in Cherokee County, South Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Cherokee County, South Carolina
1843 establishments in South Carolina
"Ligeia" is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe.

Ligeia may also refer to:

 Ligeia (band), a metalcore band
 Ligeia (mythology), a siren in Greek mythology
 Ligeia Mare, the second-largest lake on Saturn's moon Titan (named after the siren)
 "Ligeia", a song from the thrash metal band Annihilator (band)
 "Ligeia", a song from the alternative band Bedlight for Blue Eyes

See also
 Ligeia Siren, a chalk drawing by Dante Gabriel Rossetti
 The Tomb of Ligeia, a 1964 British film
 Ligia
 Ligia (name)
Jeremiah Isaiah Valoaga (born November 15, 1994) is an American football defensive end for the Memphis Showboats of the United States Football League (USFL). He played college football at UNLV, and was signed by the Detroit Lions as an undrafted free agent in 2017.

Early life
Valoaga was born in Oxnard, California. He graduated from Channel Islands High School in 2012. He is of Samoan descent.

College statistics

Professional career

Detroit Lions
Valoaga signed with the Detroit Lions as an undrafted free agent on May 12, 2017. On September 24, 2017, he recorded the first sack of his NFL career during a 26–30 loss against the Atlanta Falcons. On November 25, 2017, Valoaga was waived by the Lions and was re-signed to the practice squad. He signed a reserve/future contract with the Lions on January 1, 2018.

On August 31, 2018, Valoaga was waived by the Lions.

Miami Dolphins
On September 26, 2018, Valoaga was signed to the Miami Dolphins' practice squad. He signed a reserve/future contract with the Dolphins on January 1, 2019. On May 1, 2019, the Dolphins waived Valoaga.

San Francisco 49ers
On August 8, 2019, Valoaga was signed by the San Francisco 49ers. In the preseason, Valoaga led the 49ers in sacks. He was waived on August 31, 2019 and was signed to the practice squad the next day. He was promoted to the active roster on November 25, 2019. He was waived on December 23, 2019.

Oakland / Las Vegas Raiders
On December 24, 2019, Valoaga was claimed off waivers by the Oakland Raiders.

Valoaga re-signed on a one-year exclusive-rights free agent contract with the Las Vegas Raiders on April 17, 2020. He chose to opt-out of the 2020 season due to the COVID-19 pandemic on August 3, 2020. He was waived after the season on March 1, 2021.

New York Jets
On July 27, 2021, Valoaga signed with the New York Jets. He was waived on August 31, 2021.

Tampa Bay Bandits
Valoaga signed with the Tampa Bay Bandits of the United States Football League on June 11, 2022, and was subsequently transferred to the team's inactive roster.

Memphis Showboats
Valoaga and all other Tampa Bay Bandits players were all transferred to the Memphis Showboats after it was announced that the Bandits were taking a hiatus and that the Showboats were joining the league. Valoaga was placed on the team's injured reserve list on May 25, 2023. He was re-signed by the team on August 18, 2023.

References

External links
Detroit Lions bio
UNLV Rebels bio 

1994 births
Living people
American sportspeople of Samoan descent
American football defensive ends
Sportspeople from Oxnard, California
Players of American football from Ventura County, California
UNLV Rebels football players
Detroit Lions players
Miami Dolphins players
San Francisco 49ers players
Oakland Raiders players
Las Vegas Raiders players
New York Jets players
Tampa Bay Bandits (2022) players
Memphis Showboats (2022) players
Arvell is a given name. Notable people with the name include:

Arvell Jones, American comic book illustrator
Arvell Nelson (born 1988), American football player
Arvell Shaw (1923–2002), American jazz double-bassist

Masculine given names
Kenneth Aspestrand (born 1972) is a Norwegian trick shooter with a shotgun. He has shot actively since 1999, and trains on his own private shooting range.

Merits 

 Current World Record holder of 9 clay targets shot in 1.88 seconds
 Current World Record holder of 7 clay targets shot upside down
 3rd place European Shotgun Championship
 1st and 2nd place Nordic Shotgun Championship
 21 Norwegian Shotgun Championship medals

References 

1972 births
World record holders in shooting
Norwegian male sport shooters
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
James Ward (March 2, 1855 – June 4, 1886) was a catcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Philadelphia Athletics in its 1876 season.

Ward was born and died in Boston, Massachusetts.

External links

1855 births
1886 deaths
19th-century baseball players
Baseball players from Boston
Major League Baseball catchers
Philadelphia Athletics (NL) players
19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
Tuberculosis deaths in Massachusetts
Odostomia nuciformis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

Description
The large, shortly ovate shell is yellowish to milk-white. Its length measures 7.7 mm. The whorls of the protoconch are deeply immersed; only half of the last turn is seen in tilted position when viewed from above. The five whorls of the teleoconch are increasing rapidly' in size. They are well rounded, having their summits closely appressed to the preceding whorl. The suture is moderately well impressed. The periphery and the base of the body whorl are well rounded. The ovate aperture is rather large, and white within. The posterior angle is acute. The outer lip is moderately thin at the edge but thicker within. The columella is short, strongly curved and with a strong oblique fold at its insertion. It is reinforced by the attenuated base. The parietal wall is covered by a thin callus.

Distribution
This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean off Washington, USA

References

External links
 To World Register of Marine Species
 To ITIS

nuciformis
Gastropods described in 1864