Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The laser voltage probe (LVP) is a laser-based voltage and timing waveform acquisition system which is used to perform failure analysis on flip-chip integrated circuits. The device to be analyzed is de-encapsulated in order to expose the silicon surface. The silicon substrate is thinned mechanically using a back side mechanical thinning tool. The thinned device is then mounted on a movable stage and connected to an electrical stimulus source. Signal measurements are performed through the back side of the device after substrate thinning has been performed. The device being probed must be electrically stimulated using a repeating test pattern, with a trigger pulse provided to the LVP as reference. The operation of the LVP is similar to that of a sampling oscilloscope.

Theory of operation
The LVP instrument measures voltage waveform signals in the device diffusion regions. Device imaging is accomplished through the use of a laser scanning microscope (LSM). The LVP uses dual infrared (IR) lasers to perform both device imaging and waveform acquisition. One laser is used to acquire images or waveforms from the device, while the second laser provides a reference which may be used to subtract unwanted noise from the signal data being acquired. On an electrically active device, the instrument monitors the changes in the phase of the electromagnetic field surrounding a signal being applied to a junction.

The instrument obtains voltage waveform and timing information by monitoring the interaction of laser light with the changes in the electric field across a p-n junction. As the laser reaches the silicon surface, a certain amount of that light is reflected back. The amount of reflected laser light from the junction is sampled at various points in time. The changing electromagnetic field at the junction affects the amount of laser light that is reflected back. By plotting the variations in reflected laser light versus time, it is possible to construct a timing waveform of the signal at the junction. As the test pattern continues to loop, additional measurements are acquired and averaged into the previous measurements. Over a period of time, this averaging of measurements produces a more refined waveform. The end result is a waveform that is representative of the electrical signal present at the junction.

References
 

Reliability engineering
Semiconductor analysis
Diffraction
Joshua Barber Bradbury (February 9, 1849 – January 22, 1918) was an American farmer, teacher, and politician.

Born in Potosi, Wisconsin, Bradford went to Platteville Normal School (now University of Wisconsin–Platteville). He taught school and was principal of a school. In 1882, he moved to a farm in the town of Mount Ida, Wisconsin. He was assessor and chairman of the Mount Ida Town Board. In 1895, Bradbury served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Republican. During his term, he introduced a bill to tax and regulate imitation butter and cheese. Later he moved to the village of Fennimore, Wisconsin.

Notes

1849 births
1918 deaths
People from Potosi, Wisconsin
University of Wisconsin–Platteville alumni
Educators from Wisconsin
Farmers from Wisconsin
Mayors of places in Wisconsin
Republican Party members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
19th-century American politicians
People from Grant County, Wisconsin
People from Fennimore, Wisconsin
The following is a list of events affecting American television in 2020. Events listed include television show debuts, finales, and cancellations; channel launches, closures, and re-brandings; stations changing or adding their network affiliations; and information about controversies and carriage disputes.

Notable events

Awards

Television shows

Shows debuting in 2020

Shows changing networks

Milestone episodes and anniversaries

Shows returning in 2020
The following shows returned with new episodes after being canceled or previously ending their run:

Shows ending in 2020

Entering syndication in 2020
A list of programs (current or canceled) that have accumulated enough episodes (between 65 and 100) or seasons (three or more) to be eligible for off-network syndication and/or basic cable runs.

Networks and services

Launches

Conversions and rebrandings

Closures

Television stations

Subchannel launches

Stations changing network affiliation

Major affiliation changes

 This section outlines affiliation changes involving English and Spanish language networks (ABC, NBC, CBS, Fox, PBS, The CW, Univision, etc.), and format conversions involving independent stations. Digital subchannels will only be mentioned if the prior or new affiliation involves a major English and Spanish broadcast network or a locally programmed independent entertainment format.

Subchannel affiliation

Station closures

Deaths

Notes

References

External links 
List of 2020 American television series at IMDb

 
American television in 2020
Adrian Tam (born September 11, 1992) is an American politician serving as a member of the Hawaii House of Representatives. He is a member of the Hawaii affiliate of the Democratic Party.

Early life
Tam is a second-generation Asian American of Taiwanese ancestry. His father had served as an assistant to a draftsman, and his mother worked in sales. Following graduation from Kalani High School, he graduated with a degree in history from Pennsylvania State University, and upon returning to Hawaii, began working for his family's real estate company.

Political career
Tam worked for the Hawaii Senate before running for public office in 2020. He defeated incumbent Tom Brower in the Democratic Party primary election, then won the general election for the 22nd district of the Hawaii House of Representatives against Republican Party candidate Nicholas Ochs, who previously served as the vice chairman of Donald Trump's Hawaii campaign in the 2016 United States elections, had strong support from Roger Stone and drew media attention for founding the Hawaii chapter of the Proud Boys. After Tam was seated, he became the only openly gay member of the Hawaii State Legislature.

Following the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol, Tam and other Hawaii lawmakers signed a letter requesting rioters to be placed on the federal No Fly List.

Tam is a member of the Progressive Legislative Caucus.

Personal life

Tam lives with his dog, Winston.

Awards and honors

In June 2021, Queerty named Tam one of its "Pride50" people "who made a positive impact in the last year and who are helping to lead the nation toward equality, acceptance, and dignity for all queer people".

Electoral history

Notes

References

Living people
1992 births
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American LGBT people
American politicians of Chinese descent
American politicians of Taiwanese descent
American real estate brokers
Gay politicians
Hawaii politicians of Chinese descent
American LGBT people of Asian descent
LGBT state legislators in Hawaii
Democratic Party members of the Hawaii House of Representatives
Pennsylvania State University alumni
Hermine "Herma" Bauma (23 January 1915 – 9 February 2003) was an Austrian athlete who competed mainly in the javelin. She also was famous for playing handball.

Bauma competed for Austria at the 1948 Summer Olympics held in London, United Kingdom in the javelin where she won the gold medal.

Bauma was born in Vienna, then part of Austria-Hungary, on 23 January 1915. She died in Vienna on 9 February 2003, at the age of 88.

References

External links
 

1915 births
2003 deaths
Austrian female javelin throwers
Olympic gold medalists for Austria
Athletes (track and field) at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Athletes from Vienna
Olympic athletes for Austria
European Athletics Championships medalists
Medalists at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists in athletics (track and field)
Women's World Games medalists
20th-century Austrian women
NACCO Industries, Inc. is an American publicly traded holding company, headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio. Through a portfolio of mining and natural resources businesses, the company operates under three business segments: Coal Mining, North American Mining, and Minerals Management. The Coal Mining segment operates surface coal mines under long-term contracts with power generation companies and an activated carbon producer pursuant to a service-based business model. The North American Mining segment provides value-added contract mining and other services for producers of aggregates, lithium, and other minerals. The Minerals Management segment promotes the development of the Company’s oil, gas, and coal reserves, generating income primarily from royalty-based lease payments from third parties. In addition, the Company has a business providing stream and wetland mitigation solutions.

History 

NACCO Industries originated in 1913 with the incorporation of the Cleveland and Western Coal Company. The name was changed to The North American Coal Corporation (NACCO) in 1925, and the company operated exclusively in the coal industry until the acquisition of Yale Materials Handling Corporation in 1985. This was followed in 1986 by creation of the holding company under the name NACCO Industries, Inc. NACCO Industries expanded into housewares with the purchase of Proctor Silex in 1988 and Hamilton Beach in 1990, and expanded its presence in the materials handling industry by adding the Hyster Company in 1989. Yale Materials Handling Corporation and the Hyster Company were combined to form Hyster-Yale Materials Handling, which was spun off in 2012. In 2017, NACCO spun off Hamilton Beach Brands and Kitchen Collections.

References

External links 

 

Holding companies of the United States
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Holding companies established in 1913
Coal companies of the United States
Forklift truck manufacturers
Retail companies of the United States
Companies based in Cleveland
Conglomerate companies of the United States
1913 establishments in Ohio
Non-renewable resource companies established in 1913
Home appliance manufacturers of the United States
American companies established in 1913
Barfleur may refer to:

 Barfleur, commune in Manche, Normandy
 Barfleur-class ship of the line, Royal Navy ship class
 Battles of Barfleur and La Hougue
 Action at Barfleur, part of the above battles
 HMS Barfleur, name of five ships of the Royal Navy
 MS Barfleur (1992), British ferry

See also
Ernest Henry Tourlet (1843, in Chinon – 1907) was a French pharmacist and amateur botanist.

He studied pharmacy, natural sciences and chemistry in Paris, afterwards returning to his hometown of Chinon, where in 1868 he succeeded his father at the local pharmacy. Up until his death his in 1907, he collected plants throughout the department of Indre-et-Loire. He is credited with creating the most important herbarium in Indre-et-Loire (11,000 sheets of specimens showcasing 1530 species).

He published many of his findings in the Bulletin de la Société botanique de France. His "Catalogue raisonné des plantes vasculaires du département d'Indre-et-Loire" was unfinished at the time of his death.

In 1866 he became an associate member of the Société botanique de France. The sedge species Carex tourletii Gillot ex Tourlet (synonym Carex muelleriana) is named after him.

Selected works 
 Contribution à l'histoire de l'imprimerie à Loudun et à Chatellerault, 1900 – Contribution to the history of printing in Loudun and Châtellerault.
 Notice biographique sur François-Pierre Chaumeton (1775-1819), 1904 – Biographical notice on François-Pierre Chaumeton.
 Histoire du collège de Chinon, 1905 – History of the college at Chinon.
 Documents pour servir à l'histoire de la botanique en Touraine, 1905 – Documents utilized for the history of botany in Touraine.
 Catalogue raisonné des plantes vasculaires du département d'Indre-et-Loire (with Pierre Louis Jean Ivolas), 1908 – Catalogue raisonné of vascular plants in the department of Indre-et-Loire.

References 

1843 births
1907 deaths
People from Chinon
19th-century French botanists
French pharmacists
Ripley Township, Indiana may refer to one of the following places:

 Ripley Township, Montgomery County, Indiana
 Ripley Township, Rush County, Indiana

Not to be confused with: Riley Township, Vigo County, Indiana

See also 

Ripley Township (disambiguation)

Indiana township disambiguation pages
The World Group play-offs were four ties which involved the losing nations of the World Group first round and the winning nations of the World Group II. Nations that won their play-off ties entered the 2010 World Group, while losing nations joined the 2010 World Group II.

Spain vs. Serbia

France vs. Slovakia

Germany vs. China

Argentina vs. Ukraine

References

See also
Fed Cup structure

World Group play-offs
Sigismund Wilhelm Lorenz von Schlichting (3 October 1829 – 22 October 1909) was a Prussian general and military theorist, perhaps best known for his participation in the debates over infantry tactics in the 1880s and 1890s.

Schlichting was born in Berlin, the son of a Prussian general who was then the commander of the Kriegsakademie (War Academy). In many respects his early career was typical: he matriculated in the cadet corps and received his commission as a lieutenant at the age of 18. Instead of attending the War Academy, however, he was educated at the universities of Bonn and Göttingen. In 1861 he was promoted to captain and given command of a company. He saw action against Austria in the Seven Weeks War of 1866, and at the end of that year was promoted to major and seconded to the General Staff. Schlichting returned to the line in 1870 and commanded an infantry battalion in the Franco-Prussian War.

In 1872 Schlichting was appointed chief of staff of the VII Army Corps, based in Münster, a post which he held for two years.  From 1874 to 1878 he commanded an infantry regiment at Spandau, after which he was made chief of staff of the Guard Corps, a highly prestigious position. From 1884 until 1896 Schlichting held a series of field commands, finishing as commander of the XIV Army Corps (1888–1896).  Sigismund von Schlichting retired from active service in 1896 and died in 1909.

Partial list of works
Taktische und strategische Grundsätze der Gegenwart. (1898) (Tactical and Strategic Principles of the Present)
Moltkes Vermächtniss. (1901) (Moltke's Legacy)

See also
Friedrich von Bernhardi
Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz
Julius von Verdy du Vernois

References
Cranz, Donald. Understanding Change: Sigismund von Schlichting and the Operational Level of War. Fort Leavenworth, 1989.
Echevarria, Antulio J., II. After Clausewitz: German Military Thinkers before the Great War. University Press of Kansas, 2001.
—. "General Staff Historian Hugo Freiherr von Freytag-Loringhoven and the Dialectics of German Military Thought" in The Journal of Military History, Vol. 60, No. 3. (Jul., 1996), pp. 471-494.
Hughes, Daniel J. "Schlichting, Schlieffen, and the Prussian Theory of War in 1914" in The Journal of Military History, Vol. 59, No. 2. (Apr., 1995), pp. 257-277.
Showalter, Dennis E. "From Deterrence to Doomsday Machine: The German Way of War, 1890-1914" in The Journal of Military History, Vol. 64, No. 3. (Jul., 2000), pp. 679–710.

1829 births
1909 deaths
German untitled nobility
German military writers
Generals of Infantry (Prussia)
Writers from Berlin
Military personnel from the Province of Brandenburg
University of Bonn alumni
German military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War
German male non-fiction writers
Military personnel from Berlin
("Liberation-North") was one of the principal resistance movements in the northern occupied zone of France during the Second World War.

It was one of the eight great networks making up the National Council of the Resistance.

History 
Initially an underground newspaper, from December 1940 to November 1941 Libération-Nord was transformed into a resistance movement. Aiming to express the secret movements of the non-communist unions among the Confédération générale du travail  the Confédération Française des Travailleurs Chrétiens and the Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière (SFIO), Libération-Nord was formed around Christian Pineau and the team of the Manifeste des douze. The movement was not entirely socialist but the leadership was socialist.

In 1942, two resistance networks were created from within Libération-Nord under the command of the Bureau central de renseignements et d'action:
 Phalanx in the zone Sud, created by Christian Pineau
 Cohors-Asturies in the zone Nord.

In early 1943 Libération-Nord began to organise armed groups under the impetus of Jean Cavaillès and Colonel Zarapoff. Represented at the National Council of the Resistance, where he exerted the influence of the underground SFIO, the movement withheld its participation from the Mouvements unis de la Résistance in December 1943.

With the instar of the Organisation civile et militaire, Libération-Nord failed to create a great workers' party with its origins in the resistance.

Principal members 
 Pierre Boursicot
 Jean Aimé Caillau
 Jean Cavaillès
 Michel Collinet
 Jean-Baptiste Daviais
 Paul Rassinier
 Jean Gosset
 René Iché
 Marcel Mérigonde
 Christian Pineau
 Yves Rocard
 Louis Saillant
 François Tanguy-Prigent
 Colonel Zarapoff

Bibliography 
  Alya Aglan, La Résistance sacrifiée. Le mouvement Libération-Nord, Flammarion, 1999 (), nouvelle édition, « Champs », 2006.
  Christian Pineau, La Simple Vérité. Regard sur la période 1940-1945, Juillard, 1960
  Marc Sadoun, Les Socialistes sous l'Occupation, Presses de la Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, 1982 ()

See also 
Libération-Sud

French Resistance networks and movements
Michael Sherwin Harris Browne is a politician from Antigua and Barbuda. Browne is the current MP for All Saints West for the Antigua and Barbuda Labour Party.

Political career 
In 2020, Browne resigned as Minister of Education, Science and Technology in the Cabinet of Antigua and Barbuda.

References 

Living people
20th-century births
Government ministers of Antigua and Barbuda
Members of the House of Representatives (Antigua and Barbuda)
21st-century politicians

University of the West Indies alumni
Antigua and Barbuda Labour Party politicians
eLabFTW is a web application written by Nicolas Carpi in PHP which can be used to create personal and common logbooks. It has been developed at the Curie Institute originally. Besides there, it is used on universities around the world 

eLabFTW is licensed under the GNU Affero General Public License as free software. It is translated into seven languages.

Description 

eLabFTW is a free and open-source lab book. It is written in PHP and uses a MySQL database. Docker containers are also available. Among the various features are

 Secure. Entries and transmission are encrypted
 Timestamps. RFC 3161 compliant timestamping of experiments.
 Inventory management. Apart from experience logs, it also can manage the inventory
 Import and export. Entries can be imported and exported

Platforms 

eLabFTW is a PHP package with Mysql database. Therefore, it can be executed on most servers. Furthermore, the docker containers allow to run it almost everywhere.

Usage 

eLabFTW is used by various universities, like University of Alberta, Berkeley University, Hanover Medical School, Cardiff University and UMC Utrecht

External links 
 
 Online demo logbook

References 

Web applications
Free software projects
The sensory organs of gastropods (snails and slugs) include olfactory organs, eyes, statocysts and mechanoreceptors. Gastropods have no sense of hearing.

Olfactory organs 

In terrestrial gastropods the most important sensory organs are the olfactory organs which are located on the tips of the 4 tentacles. Some terrestrial gastropods can track the odor of food using their tentacles (tropotaxis) and the wind (anemotaxis).

In opisthobranch marine gastropods, the chemosensory organs are two protruding structures on top of the head. These are known as rhinophores. An opisthobranch sea slug Navanax inermis has chemoreceptors on the sides of its mouth to track mucopolysaccharides in the slime trails of prey, and of potential mates.

The freshwater snail Bithynia tentaculata is capable of detecting the presence of molluscivorous (mollusk-eating) leeches through chemoreception, and of closing its operculum to avoid predation.

The deepwater snail Bathynerita naticoidea can detect mussel beds containing the mussel Bathymodiolus childressi, because it is attracted to water that has cues in it from this species of mussel.

Eyes  

In terrestrial pulmonate gastropods, eye spots are present at the tips of the tentacles in the Stylommatophora or at the base of the tentacles in the Basommatophora. These eye spots range from simple ocelli that cannot project an image (simply distinguishing light and dark), to more complex pit and even lens eyes. Vision is not the most important requirement in terrestrial gastropods, because they are mainly nocturnal animals.

Some gastropods, for example the freshwater apple snails (family Ampullariidae) and marine species of genus Strombus can completely regenerate their eyes. The gastropods in both of these families have lens eyes.

Morphological sequence of different types of multicellular eyes exemplified by gastropod eyes:

Lens eyes 
{|
||[[File:Bolinus brandaris eye.png|left|thumb|Lens eye of Bolinus brandaris.]]
||
||
|}

another drawing of eye of Helix pomatia

 Statocysts 

In the statocysts of Haliotis asinina'' was found the expression of a conserved gene (Pax-258 gene), which is also important for forming structures for balance in eumetazoans.

Mechanoreceptors 

The mechanoreceptors are very crucial to the snail's sensory.

See also 
 Hancock's organ
 Sensory ecology
 Sensory systems in fish

References 
This article incorporates CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference

Further reading 
 Sergei Tschachotin. 1908. Die Statocyste der Heteropoden. Heidelberg, Univ., Diss., (Zeitschrift f. wissenschaftl. Zoologie; Bd. 90; S. 343–422).

External links 

Gastropod anatomy
Sensory organs in animals
Broadway Historic District is a national historic district located at Lancaster in Erie County, New York. The district encompasses 85 contributing resources in the village of Lancaster.  The district includes a variety of commercial, residential, religious and institutional buildings built between about 1831 and 1940. It includes notable examples of Greek Revival, Italianate, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and Bungalow / American Craftsman style architecture.  Located in the district are the separately listed Lancaster Municipal Building (1940), Miller-Mackey House (c. 1900), Clark-Lester House (ca. 1891), Bruce-Briggs Brick Block (c. 1855), Lancaster Masonic Lodge Hall (1916-1919), Liebler-Rohl Gasoline Station (c. 1935), Dr. John J. Nowak House (ca. 1930), Zuidema-Idsardi House (c. 1870), Herman B. VanPeyma House (ca. 1890), and John Richardson House (c. 1840).  Other notable buildings include the Seeger Store Building (c. 1910), Brost Building (c. 1935) designed by Edward Brodhead Green, Maute House (c. 1880), Depew Lancaster Moose Lodge No. 1605 (c. 1880) B.P.O.E. Lodge/Potter's Hall (c. 1924), and Lancaster Presbyterian Church (1832-1833).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.

References

Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Greek Revival architecture in New York (state)
Italianate architecture in New York (state)
Colonial Revival architecture in New York (state)
Historic districts in Erie County, New York
National Register of Historic Places in Erie County, New York
Gymnanthera oblonga is a species of vine in the family Apocynaceae (previously Asclepiadaceae) from northern Australia, southeast Asia (Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam), New Guinea, and southern China (Guangdong, Hainan).

References

Periplocoideae
Flora of Asia
Flora of Australia
Plants described in 1768
Taxa named by Nicolaas Laurens Burman
Kleniewo  is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Opole Lubelskie, within Opole Lubelskie County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

The settlement has a population of 5.

References

Kleniewo