Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Guanitoxin (GNT), formerly known as anatoxin-a(S) "Salivary", is a naturally occurring cyanotoxin commonly isolated from cyanobacteria (specifically of the genus Anabaena). It is a potent covalent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, and thus a potent rapid acting neurotoxin which in cases of severe exposure can lead to death. Guanitoxin was first structurally characterized in 1989, and consists of a cyclic N-hydroxyguanine organophosphate with a phosphate ester moiety.

Toxicity and treatment
The main mechanism of action for guanitoxin is  by irreversibly inhibiting the active site of acetylcholinesterase leading to excess acetylcholine in the parasympathetic and peripheral nervous systems; inducing poisoning via nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptor  stimulation. The clinical signs of high level guanitoxin exposure consists mainly of excessive salivation, lacrimation, chromodacryorrhea (in rats), urinary incontinence, muscular weakness, muscle twitching, convulsion, including opisthotonus, and respiratory distress and/or failure, and death.

Treatment of afflicted case by atropine has attested to suppress the muscarinic mediated toxicity; which prevents the namesake salivation that similarly reacts to prevent the toxin's other poisoning symptoms which include lacrimation, urinary incontinence and defecation. Atropine will not, however, counter another mechanism of the compounds toxicity as it also mediates a nicotinic adverse toxicity affecting muscle tremors, fasciculation, convulsions and respiratory failure.

Stability and degradation
Guanitoxin is generally labile. It decomposes rapidly in basic solutions, but is relatively stable in neutral or acidic solutions (pH 3-5). When stored at -20˚C, it slowly undergoes hydrolysis giving (5S)-5-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-2-imino-1-imidazolidinol and monomethyl-phosphate, and more slowly, formation of (S)-1-(2-iminoimidazolidin-4-yl)-N,N-dimethylmethanamine. Furthemore, air evaporation of guanitoxin solutions resulted in significant hydrolysis to (5S)-5-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-2-imino-1-imidazolidinol.

See also
Anatoxin-a – a cyanotoxin that shares some clinical exposure signs, and also relates to the same cyanobacteria genera, but with a different chemical structure and toxic mechanism of action
Paraoxon – A synthetic pesticide with an analogous mechanism of action

Footnotes

References

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Neurotoxins
Guanidine alkaloids
Organophosphates
Methyl esters
Cyanotoxins
Nitrogen heterocycles
Dimethylamino compounds
Bacterial alkaloids
Hotel Timor is a hotel in the centre of East Timor's capital, Dili.

History 
Construction of the hotel, initially called Mahkota, began in 1972. It opened in 1976 and operated continuously until September 1999, when it was burned down by pro-Indonesian militias. Before that it was leading Hotel Dili.

In order to be able to offer state guests adequate accommodation for the celebrations of East Timor's independence in 2002, the restoration of the hotel began. Fundação Oriente and the East Timor government shared the cost of $6 million. Guests included Lula da Silva, Kofi Annan, Bill Clinton , Ban Ki-moon, António Guterres, Mahathir bin Mohamad, John Howard, Tony Blair and Gordon Brown.

References 

Timor
1970s architecture
Buildings and structures in Dili
Burned buildings and structures
Hotels established in 1976
The Fairchild tangerine is a cross between a Clementine mandarin and an Orlando tangelo. The skin is thin with a deep orange color, is somewhat pebbly, and doesn't peel as easily as some other tangerines. It is juicy with a rich and sweet flavour and contains seeds. It is a popular variety in the United States, available from October until the middle of January and especially during the winter holidays. The Fairchild tangerine is one of California's most heavily planted varieties.

Fairchild tangerines are sometimes found with the stem and leaves still attached. The Chinese believe the stems and leaves attached to the tangerine are a symbol of prosperity and good luck.

See also
Mandarin orange
Citrus taxonomy

References

External links
Sunkist
wiseGEEK

Citrus
Citrus hybrids
Girl in a Wetsuit is a life-size 1972 bronze sculpture by Elek Imredy of a woman in a wetsuit, located on a rock in the water along the north side of Stanley Park, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Description
The bronze sculpture depicts a friend of Imredy's, Debra Harrington, in a wetsuit with flippers on her feet and a mask on her forehead. Although some believe it was a replica of Copenhagen's The Little Mermaid, the creator has said:

See also
 1972 in art

References

External links 
 

Monuments and memorials in Vancouver
1972 sculptures
Bronze sculptures in Canada
Outdoor sculptures in Vancouver
Sculptures of women in Canada
Stanley Park
Statues in Canada
Odai Khadr Salem Al-Qarra () is a Jordanian footballer who plays for Al-Nahda of Oman and the Jordan national football team.

International career
Khadr made his senior international debut for Jordan against Libya in an international friendly on 9 August 2013 in Amman, in their 2–1 win.

International goals

With U-22

Honors and Participation in International Tournaments

AFC Asian Cup 
2019 AFC Asian Cup

In WAFF Championships 
2014 WAFF Championship

References

External links 
 
 Odai Khadr at Goal.com 

1991 births
Men's association football defenders
Jordanian men's footballers
Jordan men's international footballers
Jordan men's youth international footballers
Jordanian people of Palestinian descent
Living people
Jordanian Pro League players
Shabab Al-Ordon SC players
Al-Ramtha SC players
Al-Baqa'a SC players
Al-Hussein SC (Irbid) players
Shabab Al-Aqaba SC players
Al-Faisaly SC players
Sahab SC players
Ma'an SC players
Oman Professional League players
Dhofar Club players
Al-Nahda Club (Oman) players
Jordanian expatriate men's footballers
Jordanian expatriate sportspeople in Oman
Expatriate men's footballers in Oman
2019 AFC Asian Cup players
Asamati (; ) is a village in the Resen Municipality of North Macedonia, on the northeastern shore of Lake Prespa. Asamati is located just over  from the municipal centre of Resen and has 175 residents.

History
Asamati is home to several archaeological sites, dating from various historical eras, most of which were discovered by accident. Many of the findings from the sites, such as pithos and roof tiles, are housed at the Saraj in Resen.

In the 19th century, the population of the village, listed then as "Adamite", consisted of 16 households with 30 Muslim inhabitants and 16 Macedonian. In 1905, Asamati had 150 inhabitants, of which 102 were Muslim Albanians and the remainder were Bulgarian Exarchists.

During World War I, the village had 115 residents.

Demographics
The population of Asamati is ethnically mixed, consisting of Orthodox Macedonians living alongside Muslim Sunni and Bektashi Albanians, of whom the latter are known locally as Kolonjarë. It is the only village in the municipality with no majority ethnic group.

Gallery

People from Asamati
Eftim Dimitrov (1867 - ?), member of the Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps
Taip Taipi (1924 - 2001), politician

References

Villages in Resen Municipality
Albanian communities in North Macedonia
Kennington Stream (or Penlee / Pen Lee) is a tributary of the Great Stour river in Ashford, Kent, England.

The stream runs from its source near Kennington, 2.3 kilometres, past Penlee Point (the junction of the A28 and A251 roads) to the Great Stour, joining adjacent to the M20 motorway.

References

Rivers of Kent
Borough of Ashford
Jacek Winnicki, (born 7 September 1967) is Polish basketball coach who is most recently the head coach of MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza of the PLK.

Honors
 Śląsk Wrocław (1997-02) (Men's basketball, assistant coach)
Polish Basketball League: 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002
Polish Cup: 1997
 Śląsk Wrocław (2002–03) (Men's basketball, head coach)
 Asseco Gdynia (2003–07) (Men's basketball, assistant coach)
Polish Basketball League: 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
Polish Cup: 2006
 Sportino Inowrocław (2007–08) (Men's basketball, head coach)
Polish 2nd Basketball League: 2008
 Lotos Gdynia (2008–10) (Women's basketball, head coach)
Polish Women's Basketball League: 2009, 2010
Polish Cup: 2010
 Turów Zgorzelec (2010–12) (Men's basketball, head coach)
 CCC Polkowice (2012–14) (Women's basketball, head coach)
Polish Women's Basketball League: 2013
Polish Cup: 2013
 Fenerbahçe Istanbul (2014-2015) (Women's basketball, head coach)
Turkish Super Cup: 2014
Turkish Cup: 2015

References

External links 
Profile @ dream-team-basketball.com
Profile @ eurobasketwomen2013.com
Profile @ FIBAeurope.com

Living people
1967 births
Fenerbahçe basketball coaches
Polish basketball coaches
Place of birth missing (living people)
Thomas Standfield (11 November 1789 – 19 February 1864) was an English agricultural worker, Methodist and trade union organiser.

Early life
Thomas Standfield was born in Tolpuddle, Dorset, England to Robert and Elizabeth (née Baker) Standfield.

Trade unionism
George Loveless, Standfield, and other workers petitioned their employers for a wage increase to ten shillings per week, which was agreed by their masters and witnessed by the local Anglican priest. However, the employers soon reneged on the deal reducing their wage to 6 shillings per week, which was insufficient for a comfortable life. The workers then joined the nascent Grand National Consolidated Trades Union (GNCTU) and formed a local branch. As laws prohibiting trade unions had been repealed, the employers conspired with the authorities to use an obscure law forbidding secret oaths to arrest and prosecute the men. At a trial in Dorchester on 19 March 1834, Standfield and five other men were sentenced to seven years' transportation. There was a public outcry, and the six men became known as the Tolpuddle Martyrs.

Sentence, pardon, and later life
On 11 April 1834, the martyrs set sail from Plymouth on the Surry, bound in iron chains and headed for Australia. During the 111-day voyage, the convicts endured abominable conditions and were unable to lie down to sleep. On 17 August 1834, Standfield arrived in the Crown Colony of New South Wales to begin his sentence.  Standfield was indentured on a farm near to Maitland, New South Wales

In 1836, King William IV was persuaded to issue a pardon to all six men, although it was not until March 1838 that they returned to England.

After returning to England, the martyrs moved to farms in Essex - the Loveless family at Greensted and the Standfield family at High Laver. They were not made welcome and eventually emigrated to Canada.  The Standfields moved to London, Ontario in 1846. Thomas died in 1864 and was buried in Siloam Cemetery.

References 

1789 births
1864 deaths
English trade unionists
People from Dorset
The Hollywood Hotel was a hostelry and landmark of Hollywood, California.

Hollywood Hotel may also refer to:
 Hollywood Hotel (radio program), a 1930s radio program starring Louella Parsons
 Hollywood Hotel (film), a 1937 film starring Dick Powell
 Disney's Hollywood Hotel, at the Hong Kong Disneyland Resort
 Hollywood Hotel, a broadcast studio for Fox NASCAR

 Hotel Hollywood (2010), a thriller film
 Hotel Hollywood, an Australian building in the Inter-War Functionalist style
The Fontanelles was a post-punk rock band formed in Long Beach, California in 1984. Its original line-up consisted of three former members of art-rock band Outer Circle: Guitarist Cole Coonce, vocalist Steve "Spit" Spingola, and drummer Derek O'Brien. The original quartet was completed by ex-Saccharine Trust bass player Mark Hodson.

History

The Fontanelles debuted as the opening act for the Minutemen on September 11, 1984, at a concert at Cal State Long Beach.

The Fontanelles' first recording session was produced at Max Sound in Long Beach in 1985 and was bootlegged as the Jungle Bitch Tapes. With the group unable to secure a record deal with these demos, O'Brien left the group, rejoining Brent Liles, a fellow former member of Social Distortion, in Orange County punk band Agent Orange.

In 1986 the Fontanelles relocated to Hollywood. Former Outer Circle drummer Lee Howell briefly substituted for O'Brien. Howell left to join Hollywood sleaze-rockers the Born Losers and was replaced by Phil Maturano on drums. This lineup of the Fontanelles was further solidified by the addition of a second guitarist, Pat Bostrom.

The now-quintet began recording again, under the reign of metal producer Randy Burns. The final product was a 7-inch 33 1/3 rpm single released by Hole Records.

Maturano left the band after the release of the 7-inch single, to be replaced by Tony Cicero. This version of the Fontanelles was cast as the concert act in the low-budget horror film Hobgoblins. The music featured in the movie was taken from the Hole Records release and the earlier demos were recorded as a quartet with O'Brien. The songs used in the film include "Kiss Kicker '99," "Passion Kills," "Love-Me-Nots," and "Hayride to Hell."

Despite his role in founding the band, Coonce was fired by the Fontanelles in 1988.

The group continued as a quartet but failed to secure a major label record deal and disbanded in 1990.

The Fontanelles' popularity peaked with the release of the Hole 7-inch.
Derek O'Brien continued his career as a professional drummer. In 1990, former Fontanelles Cole Coonce and Lee Howell joined forces as Braindead Soundmachine. Coonce later became the air mixer for television shows Wheel of Fortune and Jeopardy! Spingola is now the co-proprietor of the Phone Booth, a popular San Francisco dive bar famous for refusing service to Mark Zuckerberg.

References

American post-punk music groups
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Musical groups established in 1984
Scott J. Hultgren is an American microbiologist who is currently a professor of molecular microbiology and director of the Center for Women's Infectious Diseases Research at Washington University in St. Louis. Since 2011, he has been a member of the National Academy of Sciences, and was elected a member of the National Academy of Medicine in 2017 along with 80 other new members. In December 2019 he was named Fellow of the National Academy of Inventors. 
In April 2023, he was elected into the American Academy of Arts & Sciences.
He is the principal investigator at the Hultgren Lab at Washington University School of Medicine.  in 1998 he was awarded the Eli Lilly Award for his work in the fields of microbiology and immunology, noting his work in producing a vaccine for urinary tract infections.

References

American microbiologists
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
21st-century American biologists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Members of the National Academy of Medicine
Washington University in St. Louis faculty
Washington University School of Medicine faculty
The Doctor of Commerce (DCom) is a doctoral degree in commerce-, accounting-, mathematics-, economics-, and management-related subjects, awarded by universities in the Commonwealth. The degree is offered both as a higher doctorate, and as a research doctorate.

The higher doctorate
is awarded for published work of the candidate, demonstrating original contributions of "special excellence" in some branch of commerce. The candidate will be a graduate of the university in question.

The research doctorate is largely comparable to a PhD;
in fact "Doctor of Commerce" may refer to a commerce-related PhD. 
At some universities, relatedly,  the degree-title conferred will be a function of the candidate’s background: for example, in operations research, the degree may be a PhD or a DCom, depending on whether the candidate held a Master of Science or Master of Commerce respectively. 
Further, in some cases, the degree title may also depend on the area of the research: a thesis focused on a more theoretical area (e.g. "finance") will be awarded a PhD, while one focused on a specific area or function (e.g. financial management) will be awarded a DCom.  
Finally, in some cases the distinction will be whether the degree includes coursework or is entirely thesis based.

The research doctorate is usually accessed following a related master's degree, often the Master of Commerce.  Here, there is generally a requirement that the master’s degree in question must include a research component, either comprising coursework with research, or being solely thesis-based.

See also
 Bachelor of Commerce
 Master of Commerce

Notes

Business qualifications
Commerce
Commerce
Management education
The 4th European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships were held in Paris. These were the first European Championships to be held in a non-Eastern Bloc country. Out of concerns that East Germany would be excluded, the competition was boycotted by Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union.

Medalists  
All three medaling countries won their first European Championship medals at this competition.

Results

All-around

Vault

Uneven bars

Balance beam

Floor

References 

1963
International gymnastics competitions hosted by France
1963 in French sport
Euro
Youssoupha "Yous" Mbao (born 16 April 1990) is a Senegalese basketball player who played three seasons for the Marshall University Thundering Herd men's basketball team of Conference USA in the United States from 2011-14. He played as an amateur on the professional CB Gran Canaria of the Spanish ACB. Although he played some games as a professional, Mbao himself was not paid and was still considered an amateur and eligible to participate in college basketball in the U.S.

After playing a year of high school basketball in California, Mbao was considered to be one of the most promising young Senegalese basketball players.

In April 2009, Mbao signed to play NCAA college basketball for Marquette University in Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Big East Conference). After one season at Marquette in which he saw action in 10 games, Mbao transferred to Marshall. 

Due to NCAA transfer regulations, Mbao was forced to sit out the 2010-2011 season. At Marshall, Mbao played in a total of 68 games and finished his collegiate career averaging 0.4 points and 1.5 rebounds per game. His final year at Marshall was the 2013-14 season.

References

External links
 usbasket.com profile

1990 births
Living people
Senegalese men's basketball players
Senegalese expatriate basketball people in Canada
Senegalese expatriate basketball people in Spain
Senegalese expatriate basketball people in the United States
People from Rufisque
Centers (basketball)
CB Gran Canaria players
Marquette Golden Eagles men's basketball players
Marshall Thundering Herd men's basketball players
Events in the year 1835 in Portugal.

Incumbents

Monarch: Mary II
Prime Minister: 
Pedro de Sousa Holstein (until 4 May)
Vitório Maria de Sousa Coutinho (4 May – 27 May)
João Carlos de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun (27 May – 18 November)
José Jorge Loureiro (18 November – )

Events
 18 April – The newspaper Açoriano Oriental was established

Titles created

12 May – Baron of São Cosme, a title in the Portuguese nobility
23 May – Viscount of Torre de Moncorvo, a title created by Queen Maria II as a barony by decree
21 July – Viscount of Banho, an hereditary title created by Queen Maria II 
17 September – Viscount of Vilarinho de São Romão, a title created by Queen Maria II

Births

30 January – António Lopes Mendes, explorer and agronomist (d. 1894)
10 November – Manuel António de Sousa, Portuguese merchant and military officer of Goan origin (d. 1892).

Full date missing

Delfim Modesto Brandão, "Juiz" (head of state) of the Couto Misto

Deaths
28 March – Auguste, Duke of Leuchtenberg, the first prince consort of Maria II of Portugal (b. 1810)

References

 
1830s in Portugal
Portugal
Years of the 19th century in Portugal
Portugal
The Emde degradation (also called Emde-reaction or Emde-reduction) is a method for the reduction of a quaternary ammonium cation to a tertiary amine with sodium amalgam:

This organic reaction was first described in 1909 by the German chemist Hermann Emde and was for a long time of great importance in structure elucidation of many alkaloids, for example that of ephedrine.

Alternative reducing agents exist for this reaction; for instance, lithium aluminium hydride.

See also 
 Related reactions are the Hofmann elimination and the von Braun reaction

References

Organic redox reactions
Name reactions
Degradation reactions
Dávid Šípoš (born 14 August 1998) is a Slovak footballer who plays for SK Dynamo České Budějovice and previously appeared for Slovak U21 team as a goalkeeper.

Club career

FC Nitra
Šípoš made his Fortuna Liga debut for Nitra against Ružomberok on 26 February 2018. He had kept a clean sheet in the goal-less tie.

International career
Šípoš was first recognised in a Slovak senior national team nomination in September 2022 as an alternate goalkeeper in premier nomination of Francesco Calzona ahead of two 2022–23 UEFA Nations League C fixtures against Azerbaijan and Belarus. He remained absent in any position from subsequent nomination for November friendlies or December prospective national team players' training camp.

References

External links
 FC Nitra official club profile
 
 Futbalnet profile

1998 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Topoľčany
Footballers from the Nitra Region
Slovak men's footballers
Slovak expatriate men's footballers
Slovakia men's youth international footballers
Slovakia men's under-21 international footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
FC Nitra players
SK Dynamo České Budějovice players
Slovak First Football League players
Czech First League players
Expatriate men's footballers in the Czech Republic
Slovak expatriate sportspeople in the Czech Republic
Gordon John Brown (born 19 April 1981) is a former Zimbabwean cricketer who played at first-class and limited overs level for Manicaland during the 2004–05 season.

Born in Chinhoyi in what is now Mashonaland West Province, Brown represented a Zimbabwe national under-15 team at the 1996 Lombard Under-15 Challenge Cup in England, playing against Canadian, English, Indian, and West Indian representative teams. He made his senior debut for Manicaland during the 2004–05 season of the one-day Faithwear Inter-Provincial Tournament. In four matches, Brown, a right-arm off-spinner, took only a single wicket (that of Tinashe Hove, against Matabeleland), conceding 119 runs from his 29 overs.

Despite his performance at one-day level, later in the season Brown was selected in two of Manicaland's matches in the four-day Logan Cup. He was selected as an all-rounder in these matches, coming in as high as sixth in the batting order, and indeed bowling only 4.5 overs across the two games. On debut against Mashonaland, he scored 36 runs from 83 balls before being run out by Chamu Chibhabha, his highest first-class score. Brown's batting in the next match, also against Mashonaland, was less successful, and he finished with a first-class batting average of 19.66.

References

1981 births
Living people
Manicaland cricketers
Sportspeople from Chinhoyi
Zimbabwean cricketers
Tees Maar Khan (1963) is a Pakistani Punjabi film which stars Shirin, Allauddin and Sawan in the lead roles.

Production
Alauddin was introduced as a hero for the first time. It was the debut film of actress Shirin and for the director Haider Chaudhry.

Cast
Allauddin
Shirin
Sawan
Zeenat
Asif Jah
ChunChun
Zahoor 
M. Ajmal

Music
The composers of the music of this film were Manzoor Ashraf (two musicians named Master Manzoor and M. Ashraf). M. Ashraf later separated from Master Manzoor in the late 1960s, went solo and became quite a popular film music director in Pakistan until his death in 2007. The film songs are sung by Naseem Begum, Nazir Begum, Ahmad Rushdi, Shaukat Ali.

"Nimbuan da jora assan bage wichun toria"	Nazir Begum
"Pyar bina nain milde naan"...	 Nazir Begum
"Ni main noukar toon sarkar" ...	Ahmad Rushdi, Nazir Begum
Pagri sanbhal Chora...	 Shaukat Ali, Nazir Begum
 "We Channa tenoo teri Jatti da salam aey"..	Naseem Begum
 "Meri Jhanjhar chhan chhan chhanke"..	Naseem Begum

References

External links

1963 films
Punjabi-language Pakistani films
Pakistani musical films
1960s Punjabi-language films
1963 musical films