Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The 2008 United States Federal Budget began as a proposal by President George W. Bush to fund government operations for October 1, 2007 – September 30, 2008.
The requested budget was submitted to the 110th Congress on February 5, 2007.

The government was initially funded through a series of four temporary continuing resolutions.  Final funding for the Department of Defense was enacted on November 13, 2007 as part of the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2008, while the remaining departments and agencies were funded as part of an omnibus spending bill, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008, on December 26, 2007.

Total receipts

Receipts by source: (in billions of dollars)

Total spending

The President's budget for 2008 totals $2.9 trillion. Percentages in parentheses indicate percentage change compared to 2007. This budget request is broken down by the following expenditures:
Mandatory spending: $1.788 trillion (+4.2%)
$608 billion (+4.5%) – Social Security
$386 billion (+5.2%) – Medicare
$209 billion (+5.6%) – Medicaid and the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP)
$324 billion (+1.8%) – Unemployment/Welfare/Other mandatory spending
$261 billion (+9.2%) – Interest on National Debt
Discretionary spending: $1.114 trillion (+3.1%)
$481.4 billion (+12.1%) – Department of Defense
$145.2 billion (+45.8%) – Global War on Terror
$69.3 billion (+0.3%) – Department of Health and Human Services
$56.0 billion (+0.0%) – Department of Education
$39.4 billion (+18.7%) – Department of Veterans Affairs
$35.2 billion (+1.4%) – Department of Housing and Urban Development
$35.0 billion (+22.0%) – Department of State and Other International Programs
$34.3 billion (+7.2%) – Department of Homeland Security
$24.3 billion (+6.6%) – Department of Energy
$20.2 billion (+4.1%) – Department of Justice
$20.2 billion (+3.1%) – Department of Agriculture
$17.3 billion (+6.8%) – National Aeronautics and Space Administration
$12.1 billion (+13.1%) – Department of Transportation
$12.1 billion (+6.1%) – Department of the Treasury
$10.6 billion (+2.9%) – Department of the Interior
$10.6 billion (-9.4%) – Department of Labor
$51.8 billion (+9.7%) – Other On-budget Discretionary Spending
$39.0 billion – Other Off-budget Discretionary Spending

The Iraq War and the War in Afghanistan are not included in the regular budget. Instead they are funded through special appropriations.

Deficit
With projected receipts significantly less than projected outlays, the budget proposed by President Bush predicts a net deficit of approximately 240 billion dollars. The actual deficit was 454.8 billion.

References

External links
 Status of Appropriations Legislation for Fiscal Year 2008
The President's Budget of the United States Government, FY 1996 -- present

2008
2008 in American politics
United States federal budget
C. A. Bracco (Calogero Adolfo Bracco, 45 years old, Biella (Piedmont); born ?, Genova; died 1905.01.22) was an Italian mandolinist, violinist and conductor, deserving notice by his compositions for mandolin band. While not a prolific composer, he was the author of several operettas and ballets which were produced in his native land. His published works were principally for mandolin and guitar or violin and piano, and were issued solely in Italy.

Bracco was a cultivated musician and musical conductor in Genoa and Orvieto, Italy. In Orvieto, he conducted the municipal orchestra for several years, and in Genoa conducted the mandolin and guitar band, "Club Musicale Genovese"; he dedicated his symphonic overture I mandolini a congresso to the members of this band. Bracco was also conductor of the Philharmonic Society of Certosa, and the Banda Operaia Genovese.

His composition I mandolini a congresso (scored for two mandolins, mandola, lute and guitar) was in 1902 awarded the gold medal in the musical competition organized by the proprietors of the mandolin and guitar periodical Il mandolitio of Turin. It appeared originally in the June 1902 number of this journal, and was an immediate and pronounced success being included in the repertoire of all European mandolin bands of importance or note. Philip J. Bone wrote that it was the most classic and original composition for these instruments at the date of its publication, because of its "tuneful melodies, and interesting changes of tempo, its artistic and effective scoring for each instrument individually…it maintains to the present day its exalted position among original works for mandolin bands."

The work was popular enough that during the International contests for mandolin bands held at Bologne, France, 1909, so many contestants chose to play I mandolini a congresso that unusual remarks were heard from a member of the jury.

In October 2019, his full name turned out “Calogero Adolfo Bracco” thanks to the research by Mr. Carlo Aonzo, Italian mandolinist.

His work Serenata was performed by Enrico Caruso on a Victor record, Matrix C-23151. Serenata / Enrico Caruso and Matrix B-23151. Serenata / Enrico Caruso.

References

1850s births
1903 deaths
19th-century classical composers
19th-century conductors (music)
19th-century Italian composers
20th-century classical composers
20th-century Italian conductors (music)
20th-century Italian composers
20th-century Italian male musicians
Italian classical composers
Italian classical mandolinists
Italian classical violinists
Italian male conductors (music)
Italian male classical composers
Male classical violinists
Bhuta-Lepcha is an ethnic grouping consisting of people of the Bhutia and Lepcha communities in Sikkim, India. Both these groups are listed as Scheduled Tribes by the Government of India.

After the implementation of the recommendations of the Delimitation Commission, in 2002, 12 (out of 32) seats have been reserved for this group in the Sikkim Legislative Assembly.

Reservation within Sikkim
Reservation for the Bhutia-Lepcha (BL) people started with the 1953 Sikkimese general election with six (out of 18) seats reserved in the Sikkim State Council. This was changed to seven (out of 24) seats by the time of the 1970 Sikkimese general election. The reservation was further increased to 15 (out of 32) seats in the first election to be based on universal suffrage in 1974. As of 2006, there are 12 seats (out of 32) reserved for the BL in the Sikkim Legislative Assembly.

Sikkim Bhutia Lepcha Apex Committee 
The Sikkim Bhutia Lepcha Apex Committee (SIBLAC) is a group striving for the political rights of ethnic groups of Sikkimese, Bhutia-Lepcha (BL) and Nepalis of Sikkimese origin. In addition to the reservation for the BL in the Legislative Assembly of Sikkim, they argue for reservation in local body (panchayat) elections as well.

Legal battles 
In 1993, a case was brought in the Supreme Court of India, challenging the reservation for the BL constituencies and for the Sangha constituency in Sikkim, by Ram Chandra Poudyal of the Rising Sun Party. The five-judge bench of the Supreme Court, dismissed the petition, judging that the reservations (or their quantity) aren't violating articles 14, 170(2) or 332 of the Constitution.

In 2015, a petition was brought to the Sikkim High Court by Mr. Phigu Tshering Bhutia arguing for reassigning reservation for the Bhuti-Lepcha as well as for the Limboo-Tamang (LT), in the upcoming municipal elections, in Sikkim. The judge, Meenakshi Madan Rai, dismissed the petition, while upholding the precedent where reservation in electoral constituencies aren't subject to the scrutiny of any court of law.

See also
 Indigenous peoples of Sikkim
 List of constituencies of the Sikkim Legislative Assembly
 Scheduled Tribes
 Reserved political positions in India

References

External links
 Sikkim Bhutia Lepcha Apex Committee (SIBLAC)

Buddhist communities of India
Scheduled Tribes of India
Ethnic groups in Northeast India
Reservation in India
Sikkim
Peter John Lowe (7 January 1935 – 4 August 1988) was an English cricketer. Lowe was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born at Sutton Coldfield, Warwickshire.

Lowe made a single first-class appearance for Warwickshire against Oxford University at Edgbaston in 1964. He was not required to bat in this match, while behind the stumps he took 2 catches. These was his only major appearance for Warwickshire.

He died at Avon Gorge, Bristol on 4 August 1988.

References

External links
Peter Lowe at ESPNcricinfo
Peter Lowe at CricketArchive

1935 births
1988 suicides
1988 deaths
Cricketers from Sutton Coldfield
English cricketers
Warwickshire cricketers
Suicides by jumping in England
Wicket-keepers
Tony Delaney (born 27 December 1975) is a former Australian rules footballer. He played as a midfielder.  

During his nine years in the Australian Football League he played for three clubs, Essendon, Fremantle and St Kilda.  Injuries restricted him to only 76 games in this time.  He is most notable as being traded by Essendon to Fremantle along with Dale Kickett and Todd Ridley which enabled the Bombers to recruit star players Scott Lucas and Matthew Lloyd.

After he retired from the AFL he returned to the WAFL and played for Claremont from 2004 until 2006.  He had previously played for South Fremantle during his time with Fremantle.

References

External links

1975 births
Living people
Fremantle Football Club players
Essendon Football Club players
St Kilda Football Club players
South Fremantle Football Club players
Claremont Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Western Australia
Western Australian State of Origin players
Rudesindus I (in office 877–907) was a medieval Galician clergyman.

References 
 Episcopologio Mindoniense. CAL PARDO, Enrique, 2003, .

External links 

  Official web site of the Diocese of Mondoñedo-Ferrol

9th-century Galician bishops
907 deaths
Euzophera speculum is a species of snout moth in the genus Euzophera. It was described by Joseph de Joannis in 1927 and is known from Mozambique.

References

Endemic fauna of Mozambique
Snout moths of Africa
Moths of Africa
Moths described in 1927
State Route 692 (SR 692) was a short north–south state route in southern Ohio that was located entirely within Meigs County.  The southern terminus of SR 692 was at SR 143 approximately  northwest of the hamlet of Harrisonville.  Its northern terminus was at SR 681 near the hamlet of Pageville. In 2013, the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) removed SR 692 from the state highway system by making the route north of Pageville an extension of SR 684 and the remainder being transferred to Meigs County's jurisdiction.

Route description
SR 692, which existed entirely within Meigs County's Scipio Township, commenced at a T-intersection with SR 143 northwest of the unincorporated community of Harrisonville.  This two-lane route started out heading east-northeasterly through a heavily forested area, working its way up to a connection with each of Gibson Road and Townsend Road, where SR 692 turned due east.  Winding its way through the woods, while passing by the occasional field, SR 692 curved to the northeast, then bended back to the east as it headed into the intersection that marked the northern terminus of SR 684. SR 692 turned to the left, taking on a northerly path that took it through the hamlet of Pageville.  A few homes and side streets dotted the landscape of Pageville, along with the intersection of SR 692 and Pageville Road.  North of that intersection, SR 692 departed the hamlet, and winded its way through more woods.  SR 692 then entered into a more open area as it arrived at its junction with SR 681, which marked its terminus.

History
SR 692 was first designated in 1937, along the route that it always occupied. In the 1960s, the route was improved by the then Ohio Department of Highways to help facilitate traffic to and from the nearby Meigs Mines coal operations. The routing never changed from its original 1937 route but as the mining operations ceased, heavy truck diminished negating the need for state maintenance. Following the replacement of a bridge by ODOT and a two-week public comment period in October 2013, SR 692 south of SR 684 was removed from the state highway system with its maintenance jurisdiction transferred to the Meigs County Highway Department. The remainder of the route became a  extension of SR 684. These changes took effect on December 2, 2013. The old highway southwest of SR 684 is now designated as Meigs County Route 692.

Major intersections
The junction list reflects the route at the time of its removal

References

External links

692
Transportation in Meigs County, Ohio
A cache-sexe is an item, often a small garment, that covers its user's genitals. The most common style, seen in Western G-strings and Japanese Fundoshis, has a triangle of material (cloth, beaded strings, etc.) attached at the corners to straps or strings around the waist and between the legs, that fasten the triangle over the genitals.

Cache-sexes have various social intentions, including the wearer's practice of sincere or enforced modesty, legal and/or customary restrictions within the context of intentional eroticism, and adding fetishistic or playfully teasing aspects to intentional eroticism. In Western cultures, for example, G-strings appear as swimming attire; for many erotic dancing venues, as the final state of undress, set as the polite and/or legal limit; or as a garment whose removal is one of many steps of a striptease, each existing to provide an increment in the viewer's sexual arousal.

Cache-sexe is a loanword from French.

Cache-sexe is also an alternate term for modesty plate, sometimes caping, a small triangular or heart-shaped jewelry worn to hide the genitals, typically made of silver, gold, or brass.

Examples
The penis gourds of tribal New Guinea, and cache-sexes of some other tribal cultures, are often perceived by Westerners as self-evidently obvious forms of sexual display, but described by their wearers as a practice providing privacy.

The Brazilian Portuguese tapa-sexo is often used in samba school parades, where performers may parade their decorated but unclothed bodies, exposing the buttocks and groin. The regulations in these parades generally prohibit people being completely naked. Thus, the tapa-sexo, a strip of tape or cloth that strategically covers a dancer's genitalia, prevents the school being penalised in such cases.

See also
Bikini
Fig leaf
Loincloth
Undergarment

References
Notes

Undergarments

pt:Tapa-sexo
The West Virginia State Yellow Jackets (also WVSU) are the athletic teams that represent West Virginia State University, located in Institute, West Virginia, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports. The Yellow Jackets compete as members of the Mountain East Conference for all ten varsity sports. West Virginia State was a founding member of the conference following the demise of the West Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Conference in 2013. WVSU's main rival is the University of Charleston (WV).

Varsity teams

History
During the segregation era, the school competed in athletics as "West Virginia" and played other segregated schools as a member of the Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association. After desegregation, the school withdrew from the CIAA (today's Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association) and competed as "West Virginia State" to avoid confusion with West Virginia University. The school then moved to the formerly all-white West Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Conference, which competed in the NCAA's Division II. After the dissolution of the WVIAC, WVSU joined the new Mountain East Conference in 2013, which is part of Division II.

During the segregation era, black high schools were barred from competition in the West Virginia Secondary School Activities Commission, and State therefore sponsored an unofficial "state colored championship" from 1932 to 1959.

List of teams

Men's sports
 Baseball
 Basketball
 Cross Country 
 Football
 Golf
 Indoor Track 
 Outdoor Track 
 Tennis

Women's sports
 Acrobatics & Tumbling 
 Basketball
 Cross Country 
 Indoor Track 
 Outdoor Track 
 Soccer
 Softball
 Tennis
 Volleyball

Individual sports

Football

The football team was ranked in the NCAA's Division II Football Poll in 2008.  They played in the Chicago Football Classic, which is for HBCU colleges and universities, at Chicago's Soldier Field in 2008.  They defeated the Marauders of Central State University.  The Yellow Jackets football team has also played in the Palmetto Capital City Classic against Benedict College and the Dayton Classic against Central State.  In December 2012, Jon Anderson was named the 13th head football coach in Yellow Jackets history. Anderson came to WVSU after serving on the coaching staff of NAIA football powerhouse the University of Sioux Falls (USF). During Anderson's time on the coaching staff at USF, the school won three NAIA national championships.

Accolades
Other accolades of the Yellow Jackets athletic teams include the men's basketball team ranking #24 in the U.S. on the NCAA's Division II preseason top 25 bulletin for 2009–10, the men's baseball team receiving the WVIAC Sportsmanship Award for 2008–09, the women's cheerleading squad taking third place for the WVIAC Presidents' Cup in 2007–08, the women's golf team finishing sixth place at the WVIAC Women's Golf Championship in 2009, and the 2009 WVIAC Coach Poll ranking the WVSU women's volleyball team at number 2 for the start of the 2009 season.

Notable basketball players
 Earl Lloyd

Notes

References

External links
Senator Peirce may refer to:

Benjamin Peirce (librarian) (1778–1831), Massachusetts State Senate
Clarence V. Peirce (1850–1923), Wisconsin State Senate
Ed Peirce (died 1947), Washington State Senate
Edward C. Peirce (1895–1955), Massachusetts State Senate

See also
William A. Pirce (1824–1891), Rhode Island State Senate
Senator Pearce (disambiguation)
Senator Pierce (disambiguation)
The Helena Bridge is a cantilever bridge carrying U.S. Route 49 across the Mississippi River between Helena, Arkansas and Lula, Mississippi.

The main cantilever span was modeled on the similar Benjamin G. Humphreys Bridge which had been built downstream by Arkansas and Mississippi roughly two decades earlier.  However, the river navigation issues that led to the replacement of the Humphreys Bridge with the Greenville Bridge do not apply to the Helena Bridge, as the river curve here is far less severe than the one just upstream from the Humphreys and Greenville Bridges.

The bridge had a stated construction cost of $14 million, and was opened as a toll bridge in 1961 until that initial cost was repaid. The total length of the bridge is slightly less than a mile and it replaced an earlier ferry.  The bridge superstructure suffered its first substantial damage from a barge accident in July 1997.

References

See also

List of crossings of the Lower Mississippi River

Road bridges in Arkansas
Bridges over the Mississippi River
Bridges completed in 1961
Transportation in Phillips County, Arkansas
Buildings and structures in Phillips County, Arkansas
Road bridges in Mississippi
U.S. Route 49
Bridges of the United States Numbered Highway System
Articles containing video clips
Cantilever bridges in the United States
Interstate vehicle bridges in the United States
Transportation in Coahoma County, Mississippi
Buildings and structures in Coahoma County, Mississippi
1961 establishments in Arkansas
1961 establishments in Mississippi
Former toll bridges in Arkansas
Densusianu or Densușianu is a Romanian surname that may refer to:

Aron Densușianu (1837–1900), literary critic
Nicolae Densușianu (1846–1911), Romanian ethnologist, brother of Aron
Ovid Densusianu (1873–1938), Romanian poet, son of Aron

Romanian-language surnames
Come By Chance Refinery was a crude oil refinery operated by North Atlantic Refining in Come By Chance, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It has a refining capacity of . The plant is undergoing conversion to a biofuel operation.

History
The refinery was built by John Shaheen's Shaheen Resources from 1971 to 1973, with the help of British company Procon Limited, for $155 million. The refinery began operation in December 1973 until the refinery went bankrupt in 1976, with Shaheen Resources owing about $500 million. After four years of inactivity, the refinery was purchased by Petro-Canada for $10 million in 1980, but decided against reactivation, and instead sold the refinery to Bermuda-based refinery Newfoundland Processing Ltd. for $1 in 1986, which reopened it the following year.

In August 1994, the Vitol Group purchased the refinery and the operating company North Atlantic Refining was founded. In 2014, it was acquired by SilverRange Capital Partners, a New York-based alternative asset manager. On May 28, 2020, Irving Oil announced that it was in negotiations to purchase the refinery. On October 5, 2020, the sale to Irving Oil collapsed and it was announced that the Come By Chance refinery would close permanently.

In November 2021, the U.S. private equity group Cresta Fund Management purchased a controlling stake of the idling refinery and announced plans to convert the plant to a biofuel operation. As part of the acquisition, the refinery was renamed to Braya Renewable Fuels.

On September 2, 2022, an explosion at the refinery injured 8 workers, one, Shawn Peddle of Clarenville (formerly of Hatchet Cove) died in hospital on October 15th. The cause of the explosion is currently under investigation.

References

External links
North Atlantic Refining

Oil refineries in Canada
Buildings and structures in Newfoundland and Labrador
Anne Paulk is the executive director of Restored Hope Network, an interdenominational Christian ex-gay ministry headed up primarily of former members of Exodus International.

Paulk identifies as an ex-lesbian. She co-wrote a book with her ex-husband John Paulk called Love Won Out: How God's Love Helped 2 People Leave Homosexuality and Find Each Other.

External links 
Restored Hope Network

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
People self-identified as ex-gay
James Penner-Hahn (born 27 August 1957) is the George A. Lindsay Collegiate Professor of Chemistry and Biophysics at the University of Michigan.  He completed a Bachelor of Science degree with Honors at Purdue University in 1979 and a PhD at Stanford University in 1984 under Keith Hodgson; his dissertation was titled X-ray Absorption Studies of Metalloprotein Structure: Cytochrome P-450, Horseradish Peroxidase, Plastocyanin, and Laccase.  Penner-Hahn's research involves biophysical chemistry and inorganic spectroscopy including EXAFS and synchrotron radiation techniques which he helped to develop in his doctoral and post-doctoral work with Edward Solomon and Hodgson.  He was elected as a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2004.

References

Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Living people
21st-century American chemists
1957 births
 University of Michigan faculty
Mario Moreno Zazueta is a painter, etcher and art professor born in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico in 1942. He received his artistic training at the Academia Artes Plásticas of the Universidad de Sonora and at the Escuela Nacional de Pintura y Escultura La Esmeralda in Mexico City. After this, he also went to San Francisco, California to study as well. Moreno notes that his main artistic influence has been Héctor Martínez Arteche.  Moreno's work has been displayed in numerous shows and galleries in various parts of the world, where is work is known for its abstract experimentation with color, light and shadow. His best-known works include Premonición del atardecer, Llovió en alguna parte, El agua del norte nunca llega, Premonición del invierno and Las horas quietas. Today, he is a professor at the Universidad de Sonora.

References

20th-century Mexican painters
Mexican male painters
21st-century Mexican painters
People from Hermosillo
1942 births
Living people
Escuela Nacional de Pintura, Escultura y Grabado "La Esmeralda" alumni
Universidad de Sonora alumni
20th-century Mexican male artists
21st-century Mexican male artists