Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
George Frederick Macnamara (June 1893 – 18 August 1916) was an Irish first-class cricketer.

Macnamara was born at Dublin in June 1893 to Richard and Mary Macnamara, with Richard being a prominent solicitor. He was one of six children. He was sent to England for his education, where he attended The Oratory School, one of England's leading Catholic schools. From there, he went up to New College, Oxford. He played cricket for his college, but was not selected to represent Oxford University Cricket Club. He did however play football for Oxford University, which earned him a half blue. During the summer break, Macnamara would return to Ireland, where he played club cricket for Leinster. He made one appearance in first-class cricket for Ireland against Scotland at Edinburgh in 1913. Batting twice in the match, Macnamara scored 30 runs in Ireland's first-innings, before being dismissed by Lovat Fraser, while in their second-innings he ended unbeaten on 24. He also bowled 13 wicket-less overs across both Scotland innings. He graduated from New College in 1914, with a fourth-class degree in history.

Macnamara served in the British Army during World War I, enlisting with the Royal Dublin Fusiliers as a second lieutenant (on probation) in August 1915. He had some previous military experience when he was a member of the Officers' Training Corps at Oxford University. He was confirmed in the rank of second lieutenant in April 1916. He was killed in action during the Battle of the Somme on 18 August 1916, while defending a salient near Loos-en-Gohelle. He is buried at the Philisophe British Cemetery at Mazingarbe.

References

External links

1893 births
1916 deaths
Cricketers from Dublin (city)
People educated at The Oratory School
Alumni of New College, Oxford
Oxford University A.F.C. players
Men's association football players not categorized by position
Irish association footballers (before 1923)
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Dublin Fusiliers officers
British military personnel killed in the Battle of the Somme
Military personnel from Dublin (city)
Minute to Win It Indonesia is an Indonesian primetime game show based on television shows in United States with the same name. This is still production handled by Endemol Shine Group and NBCUniversal. This show has been broadcast on MNCTV on 2017 and debuted on July 17, 2017 on 4:30 pm (16:30 WIB) after news program Lintas Petang or Lintas iNews Sore, nor maybe after the cartoon program Shaun The Sheep. The show sponsors are Komix Herbal Lemon but uncredited in the beginning until the end.

Gameplay and location
Contestants take part in a series of 60-second challenges that use objects that are commonly available around the house. Contestants will be faced with blueprints to give an instructions of the game. Contestants must complete the first game to win the first level with a prize Rp1.000.000, as well as other games to 10 games completed will won the grand prize, Rp100,000,000. The difficulty of the games progressively increase throughout the show. If time expires or the conditions of the game cannot be fulfilled (such as by the contestant exhausting any allotted attempts or committing a foul), the contestant loses a "life". If the contestant loses all three of their "lives", the game ends and the contestant's winnings drop to the previous milestone they passed. After successfully completing a game, the contestant can leave with the amount of money already won before seeing the blueprint for the next game. However, once the contestant elects for the game, the contestant cannot leave the show until that game is complete or they have exhausted all three of their "lives". Here is list of a money tree:

NOTE: Bold rows are the safe levels, if the contestant(s) clear the safe levels, the cash prize on the safe level is guaranteed.

References

Minute to Win It
Indonesian game shows
2017 Indonesian television series debuts
2018 Indonesian television series endings
Television series by Universal Television
Indonesian television series based on American television series
MNCTV original programming
This is a list of important publications in pedagogy, organized by field.

Some reasons why a particular publication might be regarded as important:
Topic creator – A publication that created a new topic
Breakthrough – A publication that changed scientific knowledge significantly
Influence – A publication which has significantly influenced the world or has had a massive impact on the teaching of pedagogy.

Instructional theory publications 
 Friedrich Schiller, On the Aesthetic Education of Man, 1794
 Maria Montessori, Il Metodo della Pedagogia Scientifica Applicato All'educazione Infantile Nelle Case dei Bambini, 1909
 Maria Montessori, Antropologia Pedagogica, 1910
 Maria Montessori, Manuale di Pedagogia Scientifica, 1921
 John Dewey, Experience and Education, 1938
 Paulo Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, 1968 (English translation: 1970)
 Ivan Illich, Deschooling Society, 1971
 David L. Kirp, The Sandbox Investment, 2007

See also 
 List of important publications in philosophy
 List of important publications in anthropology
 List of important publications in economics

References 

Lists of publications
Publications
Zhao Keshi (; born November 1947) is a retired general in the Chinese People's Liberation Army.  He is originally from Gaoyang County in Hebei province.  He has been director of the Logistic Support Department since 2012. He formerly served as commander of the Nanjing Military Region from 2007 to 2012.

Biography
Zhao joined the army in 1968.  He has held several positions, including the head of training for the Nanjing Military Region, the chief of staff for the 31st army group, commander  for the 31st army group, deputy chief of staff for the Nanjing Military Region, chief of staff for the Nanjing Military Region, commander for the Nanjing Military Region. He became the commander of the 31st army group in 2000.  In June 2004, he became the chief of staff and deputy commander for the Nanjing Military Region.  He was elevated to his present rank of lieutenant general the next year, and took up his post as commander of the Nanjing Military Region in 2007. In 2012, he was made director of Logistic Support Department. He was promoted to full general (shang jiang) on July 20, 2010. He has been a member of the 17th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China as well as the 18th Central Committee.

References 

Members of the 17th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Members of the 18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
1947 births
Living people
People's Liberation Army generals from Hebei
Politicians from Baoding
Commanders of the Nanjing Military Region
Chiefs of Staff of the Nanjing Military Region
People's Liberation Army General Logistics Department
People's Republic of China politicians from Hebei
Chinese Communist Party politicians from Hebei
A charity runner is a participant in a road race, usually of half marathon or marathon distance, who raises money or awareness for an established charitable organization. For more elite marathons, such as the World Marathon Majors, runners who are unable to obtain a qualifying time for their gender and age group can gain entry by running for an official charity affiliated with the race. Other races provide charity runners with free race entry, training, team shirts, and encouragement as incentive to raise money for local charities.

The Boston Marathon allows approximately 6000 runners, out of 30,000 into the annual race who have not qualified. Most of these runners have agreed to raise a minimum of $5000 and greater to gain entry into this race.  In 2017, the charity runners raised $34.2 million for over 200 different non-profit organizations.

Relations between qualified runner and charity runners
According to Runner's World magazine, there is often animosity between qualified runners, who have met strict timing guidelines, and charity runners who do not meet the qualifying time, but are given a number for raising money for local charitable organizations and nonprofits. Some runners who meet the published qualifying time do not get into some major marathons due to the sheer volume of entries.

References

Running
Charity fundraising
Universe 3 is an anthology of original science fiction short stories edited by Terry Carr, the third volume in the seventeen-volume Universe anthology series. It was first published in hardcover by Random House in 1973, with a Science Fiction Book Club edition following from the same publisher in November of the same year, a paperback edition from Popular Library in January 1975, and a British hardcover edition from Dennis Dobson in October 1977.

The book collects seven novellas, novelettes and short stories by various science fiction authors, with an introduction by Carr.

Contents
 "Introduction" (Terry Carr)
 "The Death of Doctor Island" (Gene Wolfe)
 "The Ghost Writer" (George Alec Effinger)
 "Many Mansions" (Robert Silverberg)
 "Randy-Tandy Man" (Ross Rocklynne)
 "The World Is a Sphere" (Edgar Pangborn)
 "The Legend of Cougar Lou Landis" (Edward Bryant)
 "Free City Blues" (Gordon Eklund)

Reception
Theodore Sturgeon reviewed the anthology favorably, citing Carr for selecting "literate and thought-provoking stor[ies] bearing a special texture."

Awards
The anthology placed third in the 1974 Locus Poll Award for Best Original Anthology.

"The Death of Doctor Island" won the 1973 Nebula Award for Best Novella, was nominated for the 1974 Hugo Award for Best Novella, and placed first in the 1974 Locus Poll Award for Best Novella.

"Many Mansions" placed eleventh in the 1974 Locus Poll Award for Best Short Fiction.

"The World Is a Sphere" placed sixteenth in the 1974 Locus Poll Award for Best Short Fiction.

References

External links
 

1973 anthologies
Universe (anthology series)
Random House books
Avalon at Foxhall is a high-rise building located in Washington, D.C., United States. Its construction was completed in 1982. The building rises to , containing 14 floors.  The building is tied for the seventh-tallest commercial building in Washington, D.C., and tied for the tenth-highest building in Washington, D.C. among all buildings.

The property is owned by AvalonBay Communities, a developer that focuses on rental properties for tenants in their 20s, and is located in a wooded area adjacent to Glover-Archbold Park and near the American University campus. It was originally designed as a condominium but never operated as such. The "Avalon at Foxhall" name was added around 2003, prior to which time the building was known simply by its street address.

See also
List of tallest buildings in Washington, D.C.

References

Skyscraper office buildings in Washington, D.C.
1982 establishments in Washington, D.C.

Office buildings completed in 1982
Gaius Pius Esuvius Tetricus (also Caius) may refer to:
Tetricus I, Emperor of the Gallic Empire from 270/271 to 273
Tetricus II, son of Tetricus I
The 1926 Kent State Silver Foxes football team represented Kent State during the 1926 college football season. In its second season under head coach Merle E. Wagoner, Kent State compiled a 2–6 record and was outscored by a total of 176 to 35.

In the final game of the season, the Silver Foxes gave up two first-quarter touchdowns to Wilmington College. Kent State came back with touchdowns by Searle and Schwartz, but the extra points were missed and the Silver Foxes trailed, 14-12. With one minute remaining in the game, Joe DeLeone drop-kicked the game-winning field goal. Kent State won by a 15-14 score.

Schedule

Roster 
The following 24 players received varsity letters for their participation in the 1926 football team:

 Colville, senior
 Feeley, senior
 Rogers, senior
 Peterka, senior
 Williamson, senior
 Gandee, senior
 Schwartz, senior
 Donald Menough, Ravenna, Ohio, junior, captain
 Burkett, junior
 Levering, junior
 C. Davis, junior
 Chernin, junior
 Thomas, junior
 A. Davis, junior
 Vair, sophomore
 Curtiss, sophomore
 Searl, sophomore
 R. Hall, sophomore
 Spanlger, sophomore
 Graber, sophomore
 McDermott, sophomore
 Dunlavy, sophomore
 Kelso, freshman
 M. McDermott, freshman

References

Kent State
Kent State Golden Flashes football seasons
Kent State Golden Flashes football
Audio injection is the exploitation of digital assistants such as Amazon Echo, Google Home or Apple SIRI by unwanted instructions from a third party. These services lack authentication when reacting to user commands, making it possible for attackers to issue activation words and commands and trigger the execution of desired actions. Injection results include fraud, burglary, data espionage and takeover of connected systems.

Approach 

Most digital assistants require an activation word to trigger the complete recording and audio analysis of spoken commands (e.g. "OK Google"). These commands, spoken in natural language, will be processed and executed. The activation word itself is different for each manufacturer, most often connected to product’s name. It is not possible for the product's owner to customize this activation word, meaning that all models react to the same word.

Processed language is not analyzed in regards to voice and recognition or authorization of individual users. As a result, all users which are in the audible range of a device have the same authorizations to trigger and execute actions. Depending on functionality, these actions can range from simple actions like music playback or controlling lights, to security critical or sensitive actions such as opening gates, executing or ordering chargeable transactions or reading out private information.

Audio injection attacks can be performed remotely. If the access into the audible area of a digital assistant is restricted, it can be attacked by increasing the distance of transmission. Either this can be reached by overcoming existent acoustic barriers (e.g. via vending opening or a momentary opened window) or via unusual loud playback via amplifiers and loudspeakers. With such an approach it is possible to control digital assistants from other rooms, floors or outside of a building.

Digital assistants do not distinguish whether voice commands are directly spoken or reproduced by a loudspeaker system. This means that attacks can be performed via devices which support audio playback via loudspeaker. Radio and television can be used to run mass-attacks, and telephones, hands-free systems, other digital assistants or systems for text-to-speech-processing can be misused.

Systems which can be accessed randomly, anonymously and in absence of the owner, as well as being activated remotely, are critical. Answering machines with an automated monitoring function playing a message aloud along could be used for remote and precise attacks.

Examples 
A June 2014 television commercial from Microsoft depicted an actor issuing a voice command to an Xbox, causing the same command to be interpreted by Xbox systems in the same room as any television showing this commercial.

In December 2016, Adam Jakowenko showed how one virtual assistant could activate another one using TTS-processing.

In January 2017, television news coverage of a child's ordering of a dollhouse through Amazon's Alexa interface included news anchor Jim Patton quoting the child. This quotation triggered orders for dollhouses from viewers of the coverage who had Alexa devices running.

References 

Internet security
Edwin Rees Beynon (17 November 1924 – February 2002) was a Welsh professional footballer who played as an inside forward. He made appearances in the English Football League for Wrexham and Shrewsbury Town.

References

1924 births
2002 deaths
Welsh men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Wrexham A.F.C. players
Shrewsbury Town F.C. players
Telford United F.C. players
English Football League players
The Pawnee language is a Caddoan language traditionally spoken by Pawnee Native Americans, currently inhabiting north-central Oklahoma. Historically, the Pawnee lived along the Platte River in what is now Nebraska.

Dialects
Two important dialect divisions are evident in Pawnee: South Band and Skiri. The distinction between the two dialects rests on differences in their respective phonetic inventory and lexicon.

Status
Prior to colonization and US expansion, Pawnee was spoken by all members of the Nation. Today Pawnee is only spoken fluently by a shrinking number of elderly speakers. As more young people shift to English as their first language, the transmission of Pawnee and its vitality are seriously endangered.

As of 2007, the Pawnee Nation is developing teaching materials for the local high school and for adult language classes. There are also extensive documentary materials in the language archived at the American Indian Studies Research Institute. The Pawnee language can be heard spoken in the 2015 movie The Revenant. In 2019 and 2020, the Pawnee Nation posted online videos teaching the Pawnee language.

Phonology
The following describes the South Band dialect.

Consonants
Pawnee has eight consonant phonemes, and according to one analysis of medial- and final-position glottal stops, one may posit a ninth consonant phoneme.

   is predictable when it occurs in the middle of words. However, since  is not completely predictable at the end of words, it may also need to be considered a phoneme.

Vowels

Pawnee has four short vowel phonemes and four long counterparts (also phonemic).

Morphology
Pawnee is an ergative-absolutive polysynthetic language.

Alphabet
The Pawnee alphabet has 9 consonants and 8 vowels. The letters are relatively similar in pronunciation to their English counterparts.

Consonants

Vowels

Notes

References
American Indian Studies Research Institute. (2008). Dictionary Database: Pawnee (Skiri and Southband dialects).
American Indian Studies Research Institute. (2001). Pawnee Alphabet Book.
 Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  (hbk); .
 Parks, Douglas R. (1976). A grammar of Pawnee. New York: Garland.
 Taylor, Allan R. (1978). [Review of A grammar of Pawnee by D. Parks]. Language, 54 (4), 969-972.

External links

 Pawnee Language Program, sponsored by the Pawnee Nation and Indiana University

Pawnee
Indigenous languages of the North American Plains
Caddoan languages
Polysynthetic languages
Indigenous languages of Oklahoma
Endangered Caddoan languages
Endangered indigenous languages of the Americas
The Atlas Coelestis is a star atlas published posthumously in 1729, based on observations made by the First Astronomer Royal, John Flamsteed.

The Atlas – the largest that ever had been published and the first comprehensive telescopic star catalogue and companion celestial atlas – contains 26 maps of the major constellations visible from Greenwich, with drawings made in the Rococo style by James Thornhill. It also presents two planispheres designed by Abraham Sharp.

History 

The first stellar atlas based in telescopic observations, the Atlas Coelestis was published only ten years after the death of Flamsteed, by his widow, assisted by Joseph Crosthwait and Abraham Sharp. It was preceded by the opus "Stellarum inerrantium Catalogus Britannicus" (or simply "British Catalogue", published in 1725, with 2919 stars).

One of Flamsteed's main motivations to produce the Atlas, was to correct the representation of the figures of the constellations, as made by Bayer in his "Uranometria" (1603). Bayer represented the figures viewed from behind (not from the front, as was done since the time of Ptolemy), which reversed the placement of stars and created unnecessary confusion.

The publication enjoyed immediate success, becoming the standard reference for professional astronomers for nearly a century. Even so, three objections have been raised regarding it: the high price, great size (making it difficult to handle) and low artistic quality (many criticisms were made to the drawings by James Thornhill, particularly regarding the representation of Aquarius).

This led John Bevis to try to improve the Atlas. In 1745, he produced the "Uranographia Britannica", with smaller dimensions, updated with observations and more artistic pictures. However, this atlas was never officially published and at the present, there are only 16 known copies.

The Atlas Fortin-Flamsteed 
Finally, the changes in the positions of stars (the original observations were made in the 1690s), led to an update made in the 1770s by the French engineer Jean Nicolas Fortin, supervised by the astronomers Le Monnier and Messier, from the Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris.

The new version, called Atlas Fortin-Flamsteed, had 1/3 of the size of the original, but kept the same table structure. There is also some artistic retouching to some illustrations (mostly Andromeda, Virgo and Aquarius). Fortin called this the Second Edition because he regarded Flamsteed’s original as the First Edition.

The names of the constellations are in French (not in Latin) and the Atlas included some nebulae discovered after the death of Flamsteed.

In 1795 it was published in a third edition, produced by Pierre Méchain and Jérôme Lalande, with new constellations and many more nebulae. A Portuguese edition appeared in 1804, translated by the Portuguese astronomer and cartographer Francisco António Ciera (1763–1814).

References

External links 

  - scan of the 1st edition (1729)
  - full scan of the 2nd edition (1753)
  - scan of the 3rd edition (1776)
 

1729 books
1729 in science
Astronomy books
Classical star atlases
In mathematics, in particular linear algebra, the matrix determinant lemma computes the determinant of the sum of an invertible matrix A and the dyadic product, uvT, of a column vector u and a row vector vT.

Statement 
Suppose A is an invertible square matrix and u, v are column vectors. Then the matrix determinant lemma states that

Here, uvT is the outer product of two vectors u and v.

The theorem can also be stated in terms of the adjugate matrix of A:

in which case it applies whether or not the square matrix A is invertible.

Proof 
First the proof of the special case A = I follows from the equality:

The determinant of the left hand side is the product of the determinants of the three matrices.  Since the first and third matrix are triangular matrices with unit diagonal, their determinants are just 1.  The determinant of the middle matrix is our desired value.  The determinant of the right hand side is simply (1 + vTu).  So we have the result:

Then the general case can be found as:

Application

If the determinant and inverse of A are already known, the formula provides a numerically cheap way to compute the determinant of A corrected by the matrix uvT. The computation is relatively cheap because the determinant of A + uvT does not have to be computed from scratch (which in general is expensive). Using unit vectors for u and/or v, individual columns, rows or elements of A may be manipulated and a correspondingly updated determinant computed relatively cheaply in this way. 

When the matrix determinant lemma is used in conjunction with the Sherman–Morrison formula, both the inverse and determinant may be conveniently updated together.

Generalization 
Suppose A is an invertible n-by-n matrix and U, V are n-by-m matrices. Then
 

In the special case  this is the Weinstein–Aronszajn identity.

Given additionally an invertible m-by-m matrix W, the relationship can also be expressed as

See also 
 The Sherman–Morrison formula, which shows how to update the inverse, A−1, to obtain (A + uvT)−1.
 The Woodbury formula, which shows how to update the inverse, A−1, to obtain (A + UCVT)−1.
 The binomial inverse theorem for (A + UCVT)−1.

References 

Lemmas in linear algebra
Matrix theory