Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Jean-Baptiste Du Tertre (Jacques Du Tertre; 1610 in Calais – 1687 in Paris) was a French blackfriar and botanist.

In 1633 he joined the Dutch army where he worked in the headquarters in Maastricht. Subsequently, he joined the Dominican Order where he adapted his first name Jean-Baptiste.

In 1640 he was sent as missionary to the Antilles from where he returned to France in 1658.

He is the author of several works about the Antilles where he described the indigenous peoples, the animals, and the plant world, including Histoire générale des îles Saint-Christophe, de la Guadeloupe, de la Martinique et autres de l'Amérique (Paris, 1654), Histoire naturelle et morale des îles Antilles de l'Amérique avec un vocabulaire caraïbe (1658), La Vie de Sainte Austreberte (1659) and l'Histoire générale des Antilles habitées par les Français (four volumes, 1667–1671). Particularly in his last work Du Tertre created the myth of the "Bon Sauvage" where he placed "the virtuousness of the heathen Caribs above the immoral life of the Europeans".

Du Tertre was the first who described the yellow fever when several epidemics burst over Guadeloupe and Saint Christopher in 1635, 1640, 1648 and 1667.

Bibliography (selected)
 
1654: Histoire générale des îles Saint-Christophe, de la Guadeloupe, de la Martinique et autres de l'Amérique 
1659: La Vie de Sainte Austreberte
1667–1671: Histoire générale des Antilles habitées par les François (4 volumes)

Notes

References
Maurice Boubier (1925). L’Évolution de l’ornithologie. Librairie Félix Alcan (Paris), coll. Nouvelle collection scientifique : ii + 308 p.

External links
 Short biography 
 

French Dominicans
French ornithologists
French ethnologists
17th-century French botanists
1610 births
1687 deaths
The Elliott Museum, located at 825 N.E. Ocean Blvd. on Hutchinson Island in Stuart, Florida, United States, focuses on art, history, and technology. Named after the prolific inventor Sterling Elliott, the museum features a changing exhibition gallery and an art studio; maritime, baseball, and local history galleries; and bicycles, classic wooden boats, motorcycles, over 90 cars and trucks, and even an airplane. Over 50 vehicles are displayed in a unique robotic racking system which retrieves vehicles on demand for display on a turntable. The Elliott Museum has one of the largest collections of historic Ford Model A and Model AA commercial vehicles in the world.

History

The original Elliott Museum was built in 1961 by Harmon Elliott as a tribute to his father, Sterling Elliott.  On November 18, 1961, it was given to the non-profit Historical Society of Martin County, which has operated both the Museum and Gilbert’s Bar House of Refuge ever since. Some of the collection came from Sterling Elliott. Much of it was purchased by Harmon Elliott from an Americana Museum in Salem, Massachusetts for display in the Elliott Museum.

Over the years, the original building was in need of repair and the spaces no longer met the needs of the growing museum organization, so in June 2011 the original Elliott Museum building was torn down. The new, 48,000 square foot Elliott Museum opened to the public in March, 2013. The Museum opened with the donation of the Model A and Model AA commercial vehicle collection assembled by Elliott R. Donnelley. Shortly after opening, the Museum merged with the Classic Boat and Maritime Museum, taking on its collection of classic boats, boat models, and its mission of interpreting local maritime history.

The new Elliott Museum offers permanent and changing exhibitions, and the Museum hosts a number of programs and lectures throughout the course of the year. The Museum attracts a number of vintage car enthusiasts, and its annual car show Classics at the Beach has been held each Spring since 1996.

Footnotes

External links
 Museum website

Automobile museums in Florida
Sports museums in Florida
Technology museums in Florida
Biographical museums in Florida
History museums in Florida
Historical society museums in Florida
Museums in Martin County, Florida
Art museums established in 1961
1961 establishments in Florida
Stuart, Florida
Lone Hickory is an unincorporated community in southern Yadkin County, North Carolina, United States, west of Courtney. It is located on Lone Hickory road, approximately one mile southeast of the road's western terminus at U.S. Route 21.

References

Unincorporated communities in Yadkin County, North Carolina
Unincorporated communities in North Carolina
Go-Get-'Em, Haines is a 1936 American mystery film directed by Sam Newfield. It was William Boyd's last non-Hopalong Cassidy role.

Plot
Ace reporter Steve Haines is on the trail of Edward Baldwin, the former head of a public utilities company that has bankrupted and defrauded its investors out of their life savings. Haines trails Baldwin to an ocean liner where he is planning to flee to Europe. During the voyage Haines is impressed by the company on the ship, including a famous actor and his singing daughter and a gangster. Haines organises a pantomime melodrama to entertain the passengers using his new acquaintances and convinces Baldwin to take a role playing a man who is murdered. Prior to going on the stage the fake revolver is replaced with a real one.

Production
The film was shot on an actual liner travelling from Los Angeles to Panama.  Famed in his Western role of Hopalong Cassidy, Bill Boyd appeared in three 1936 films of non Western genre for Winchester Productions all produced by George A. Hirliman, directed by Sam Newfield, and released by Republic Pictures. The other films were Burning Gold (1936 film) and Federal Agent.

Cast
William Boyd as Steve Haines
Sheila Terry as Jane Kent
Eleanor Hunt as Gloria Palmer
Lloyd Ingraham as Ship Captain Ward
LeRoy Mason as Tony Marchetti
Jimmy Aubrey as Reggie Parks
Clarence Geldart as Henry Kent
Lee Shumway as John Graham, posing as Frank Marion
Louis Natheaux as Lindner, the Steward

Soundtrack
Eleanor Hunt - "Oh Willie, Oh Willie, Come Back" (Written by Bernie Grossman and Sam Perry)
Eleanor Hunt - "I'm So Sorry We Ever Met" (Written by Bernie Grossman and Sam Perry)

Availability
Go-Get-'Em, Haines is now in the public domain. It is available from Alpha Video on a double-bill with The Laps to Go. The film can also be viewed and downloaded for free via the Internet Archive.

Notes

External links

1936 films
1930s mystery films
American mystery films
American black-and-white films
Films set on ships
Republic Pictures films
1930s English-language films
Films directed by Sam Newfield
1930s American films
NGC 351 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered on November 10, 1885 by Lewis Swift. It was described by Dreyer as "extremely faint, pretty small, northwestern of 2.", the other being NGC 353.

References

External links
 

0351
18851110
Cetus
Barred spiral galaxies
003693
Pitch circularity is a fixed series of tones that are perceived to ascend or descend endlessly in pitch. It's an example of an auditory illusion.

Explanation
Pitch is often defined as extending along a one-dimensional continuum from high to low, as can be experienced by sweeping one’s hand up or down a piano keyboard. This continuum is known as pitch height. However pitch also varies in a circular fashion, known as pitch class: as one plays up a keyboard in semitone steps, C, C, D, D, E, F, F, G, G, A, A and B sound in succession, followed by C again, but one octave higher. Because the octave is the most consonant interval after the unison, tones that stand in octave relation, and are so of the same pitch class, have a certain perceptual equivalence—all Cs sound more alike to other Cs than to any other pitch class, as do all Ds, and so on; this creates the auditory equivalent of a Barber's pole, where all tones of the same pitch class are located on the same side of the pole, but at different heights.

Research on pitch perception
Researchers have demonstrated that by creating banks of tones whose note names are clearly defined perceptually but whose perceived heights are ambiguous, one can create scales that appear to ascend or descend endlessly in pitch. Roger Shepard achieved this ambiguity of height by creating banks of complex tones, with each tone composed only of components that stood in octave relationship. In other words, the components of the complex tone C consisted only of Cs, but in different octaves, and the components of the complex tone F consisted only of Fs, but in different octaves. When such complex tones are played in semitone steps the listener perceives a scale that appears to ascend endlessly in pitch. Jean-Claude Risset achieved the same effect using gliding tones instead, so that a single tone appeared to glide up or down endlessly in pitch.
Circularity effects based on this principle have been produced in orchestral music and electronic music, by having multiple instruments playing simultaneously in different octaves.

Normann et al. showed that pitch circularity can be created using a bank of single tones; here the relative amplitudes of the odd and even harmonics of each tone are manipulated so as to create ambiguities of height. 
A different algorithm that creates ambiguities of pitch height by manipulating the relative amplitudes of the odd and even harmonics, was developed by Diana Deutsch and colleagues. Using this algorithm, gliding tones that appear to ascend or descend endlessly are also produced. This development has led to the intriguing possibility that, using this new algorithm, one might transform banks of natural instrument samples so as to produce tones that sound like those of natural instruments but still have the property of circularity. This development opens up new avenues for music composition and performance.

See also
Chromatic circle
Shepard tone
Tritone paradox

References

Auditory illusions
Gathering Day is a Welsh festival of the summer solstice, so called because it was the time when druids gathered mistletoe and other plants for use in winter. The energy of plants harvested at Midsummer was believed to be very potent, hence herbs were collected then for medicinal use; these herbs included mugwort and vervain.

This festival marks the first of the three harvests of the year and the time for collecting young tender vegetables such as peas, beans and early fruits. It is also the time for the collection of honey.

Historical references
 In August 1402, the Gathering Day festival had to be postponed till September when Henry IV faced a threat of invasion of the North from the Duke of Albany and the Earl of Douglas with a large army of Scots.
 It is believed that till 1917 the town of Killorglin in Kerry followed the tradition of the puck or he-goat which was collected by the youth of the town, crowned as king, put on display for three days and then paraded in the town. The goat's reputation as a randy creature may hint at the licentious behaviour common during this festival. Although believed by locals to be a very ancient festival, experts believe that it cannot be more than 300 years old due to the usage of the term puck and the goat's lack of symbolic significance in Celtic culture.

See also
 Calan Awst
 Harvest festival
 Puck Fair

Notes

Further reading
 Trefor M. Owen, Welsh Folk Customs, Gomer, Llandysul, 1987
 Trefor M. Owen, The Customs and Traditions of Wales, University of Wales Press and the Western Mail, Cardiff, 1998
 Marie Trevelyan, Folk-lore and Folk-stories of Wales, EP Publishing, Wakefield, 1973.

Welsh culture
June observances
Ed Marion (1927, Charlotte, North Carolina – 28 April 2008) was an American official in the National Football League. Marion was in the league from 1960 to 1987 and officiated in Super Bowl V, IX and XI. He wore the number 26 for the majority of his career (during the 1979–81 period, he wore number 6).

Marion grew up in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and was in the U.S. Navy during World War II. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1950, where he played American football. He worked in the pension and insurance industry for 46 years.

Marion died on 28 April 2008.

References

1927 births
2008 deaths
National Football League officials
University of Pennsylvania alumni
Sportspeople from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
Penn Quakers football players
Date of birth missing
Sportspeople from Charlotte, North Carolina
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Quanzhang may refer to:

Quanzhang, Shanxi (泉掌), a town in Xinjiang County, Shanxi, China
Quanzhang (泉漳), a coastal region in southeastern Fujian, China, centering around Quanzhou and Zhangzhou
Qingyuan Jiedushi, de facto independent warlords who controlled this region from  947 to 978 during the Five Dynasties period and Song dynasty
Hokkien, also known as Quanzhang dialect

See also
Hoklo, native Hokkien speakers
Luciobarbus mursa is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Luciobarbus from freshwater habitats in Central Asia and Iran.

References 

 

Luciobarbus
Fish described in 1773
Taxa named by Johann Anton Güldenstädt
Steffan Søndermark Fallesen (born 1981) is an Internet entrepreneur. He founded Servage Hosting (one of Germany's largest hosting companies) immediately after moving to Flensburg. He sold Servage Hosting to the Swedish firm Tele5 Voice Services AB in May 2007  and left the company in October 2009. His recent activity has been in investment banking and company development through his holding company Sondermark Holding GmbH.

During his teenage years he built a portfolio of websites in his native language, such as popular chat sites and a free email service similar to Hotmail. For years these properties were hugely popular and among the most visited sites in Denmark.

After identifying problems with the Java implementation in Microsoft Windows, by exploiting these erroneous implementations he was able to identify cyber criminals, even while using proxy servers. This system is known to have been actively used by the Danish Security and Intelligence Service (PET) and likely other entities.

References

External links
Personal homepage of Steffan Söndermark Fallesen

1981 births
Living people
Businesspeople in computing
People from Flensburg
Lintott is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Barnaby Bernard Lintot or Lintott (1675–1736), English publisher
 Evelyn Lintott (1883–1916), English footballer
 James Lintott (1886–1963), British Olympic athlete
 Andrew Lintott (born 1936), British classical scholar
 Graham Lintott (born 1955), Chief of the Royal New Zealand Air Force
Chris Lintott (born 1980), English astrophysicist, for whom is named:
 4937 Lintott, a minor planet
Vandre may refer to:
 Bandra, a suburb in Mumbai, India
 Vandre (Vidhan Sabha constituency)
 Vandre East (Vidhan Sabha constituency)
 Vandre West (Vidhan Sabha constituency)
 Vandre, Bhiwandi, a village in Thane district of India

See also 
 Vandré (disambiguation)
Michael D'Eramo (born 13 August 1999) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for  club Ancona-Matelica.

Club career 
Born in Atessa, D'Eramo started his career in Angolana, and played one season in Vicenza youth sector.

In 2016, he joined Serie D club Avezzano, and made his senior debut.

In 2019, he signed for Serie B club Spezia. He was loaned to Ravenna, and made his professional debut on 25 August 2019 against Fermana.

THe next year, on 3 September 2020, he signed with Vis Pesaro.

On 6 July 2021, he joined to new club Ancona-Matelica.

References

External links
 
 
 

1999 births
Living people
People from Atessa
Sportspeople from the Province of Chieti
Italian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Serie C players
Serie D players
Avezzano Calcio players
Spezia Calcio players
Rimini FC 1912 players
Ravenna FC players
Vis Pesaro dal 1898 players
US Ancona players
Footballers from Abruzzo
The CandyFab is a method of producing physical objects out of a computer representation of the structure. It differs from some other 3D printing methods in the following aspects:

 It is optimized for relatively large pieces using low to medium print resolution.
 To reduce the hazards of working with large amounts of media, non-toxic materials (ideally, food-grade) are used. The prototype CandyFab 4000 unit uses granulated sugar as its print medium, giving rise to its name, but other materials with low melting temperatures and low toxicities are still under consideration.
 It uses low cost parts and construction to make it easier for others to design or build their own, with plans available as open source.

Technology

The CandyFab uses a heat source mounted on a computer-controlled X-Y positioning head to fuse the surface of a granular bed of the print media. The only thing which comes into contact with the media is heated air, which is turned on and off by the software synchronously with the motion of the positioning head. Fabrication of the shape of the part being produced progresses in layers; after each complete pass, the bed is lowered and a fresh layer of granular media is applied on top. The unfused media serves to support overhangs and thin walls in the part being produced, reducing the need for auxiliary temporary supports for the workpiece. The movable bed is of a size suitable for producing finished parts several kilograms in weight.

The resolution of features produced correspond to a smallest volume element of 2.5 x 2.5 x 2.7 mm or less. Pieces produced from ordinary granular sugar have fairly good strength and feature an amber to brown surface color owing to caramelization of the sugar. Special attention has been paid to the selection of all materials coming into contact with the sugar bed or with the hot air stream to make it possible to fabricate food-grade pieces if desired.

There is an effort to encourage further work on improving the technology in the following areas:

Hardware 
3D modeling software
CNC software

In addition, the inventors Windell Oskay and Lenore Edman of candyfab.org have organized teams to explore applications, gastronomy, and post processing.

Fabricated pieces

Several large pieces of sculpture have been produced using the CandyFab, including one of a mathematical object designed by sculptor Bathsheba Grossman. This and other pieces were shown by inventors Windell Oskay and Lenore Edman of candyfab.org at the Bay Area Maker Faire 2007.

See also
Rapid prototyping
Solid freeform fabrication
Digital fabricator

References

External links
The CandyFab Project

Computer printers
3D printing processes
Food technology
Arnold Lynch (3 June 1914 – 13 November 2004) was an English engineer, known for his work on an optical tape reader which was used in the construction of the Colossus, the first electronic computer. By 1944 ten Colossus computers were installed at Bletchley Park and used to read high-level (Fish or Tunny) German ciphers.

Lynch joined the Post Office Research Station in 1936, specialising in the measurement of the electrical and magnetic properties of materials. He retired in 1974, but continued to come to work at NPL in the dielectric area of RF and microwave electromagnetism up to the year of his death.

The Maths, Art and Design Technology Department at Dame Alice Owen's School was named after Lynch, in thanks for his work during his time at the school and his success as a scientist.

He married Edith Taylor in 1953. Their children are Cedric Lynch and two daughters.

References

External links
Times Obituary
The Times February 01, 2005

1914 births
2004 deaths
Bletchley Park people
English electrical engineers
Scientists of the National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom)
In Buddhism, conceptual proliferation (Pāli: ; Sanskrit: ;  ; ) or, alternatively, mental proliferation or conceptual elaboration, refers to conceptualization of the world through language and concepts which can then be a cause for suffering to arise.  The translation of papañca as conceptual proliferation was first made by Katukurunde Nyanananda Thera in his research monograph Concept and Reality.

The term is mentioned in a variety of suttas in the Pali canon, such as the Madhupindika Sutta (MN 18), and is mentioned in Mahayana Buddhism as well. When referencing the concepts derived from this process, such concepts are referred to in Pali as papañca-saññā-sankhā. Nippapañca is the diametrical opposition of papañca.

Theravada Buddhist monk Chandima Gangodawila writes:

Papañca is one of the most helpful Theravāda Buddhist teachings used to understand how our thoughts become impure and the most compelling account of this subject is the Madhupiṇḍika Sutta. Since many writers don't utilize papañca when alluding to defilements, many readers discover the setting of mental purification hard to understand. If we seriously want to learn how to keep our mental purification unadulterated from defilements, we should figure out how the mental purification can be tainted through papañca.

In addition, Chandima examines the association of papañca to kilesa (defilements), upakkilesa (mental impurities), saññā (perceptions) and abhiññā (comprehensions) to find out whether or not the essential components of mental purification begin from managing papañca, or the other dhamma concepts, that can be bold for anyone who struggles to subsume defilements in modern-day life.

See also
 Make a mountain out of a molehill
 Monkey mind
 Nibbāna: The Mind Stilled
 Reification (fallacy)

Notes

References

External links
 Exploring the Honeyball Sutta, An Alternative Nidana Chain  a more intelligible audio version
 Getting Away From Prapanca, The Practical Applications of the Honeyball Sutta a more intelligible audio version
 Dharma talk on papañca by Christina Feldman

Buddhist philosophical concepts