Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Abū Yaʿqūb Isḥāq ibn Sulaymān ibn ʿAlī al-Hāshimī () was an 8th–9th-century AD Abbasid prince and historian. He held several official positions during his lifetime, including the governorships of Sind, Egypt, and Arminiyah.

Career
Ishaq was a member of a collateral branch of the Abbasid royal dynasty, being a first cousin of the first two Abbasid caliphs al-Saffah () and al-Mansur (). His father, Sulayman ibn Ali, had been a senior member of the family during his lifetime and had held the important governorship of Basra during the initial years following the Abbasid Revolution. He was also connected to the ruling line by his marriage to Aliyah, the daughter of al-Mansur and an Umayyad woman.

During the caliphates of al-Mahdi (), Harun al-Rashid (), and al-Amin () Ishaq was posted to various provinces throughout the empire. In 776/7 he was appointed as governor of Mosul, and in 786–787 he was in charge of Medina. According to some sources he oversaw the summer raid (sa'ifa) against the Byzantines in 787/8 or 788/9, either leading it himself or dispatching Yazid ibn Anbasah al-Harashi to conduct it on his behalf. In 790/1 he was governor of Sind and Makran.

In 793 Ishaq was appointed as governor of Egypt. While there, he attempted to increase taxes on the local sharecroppers (muzari'un), which provoked the residents of the Hawf district to rise up in revolt. After Ishaq requested reinforcements from the caliph, the general Harthamah ibn A'yan arrived in Egypt with a large army and forced the rebels to submit. A short time afterwards Ishaq was dismissed in favor of Harthamah, having held the governorship for about a year.

In 795 Ishaq was appointed to his father's old power base at Basra. Around 809/10 he was the governor of Homs, but after a series of disturbances forced him to retreat from the city to Salamiyah he was dismissed and replaced with Abdallah ibn Sa'id al-Harashi.

By around 811/2 Ishaq was appointed by al-Amin as governor of Arminiyah, with his son al-Fadl serving as his deputy there. Following the commencement of the civil war between al-Amin and al-Ma'mun he decided to take a stand in the province and oppose al-Ma'mun's lieutenant Tahir ibn Muhammad al-San'ani, who had been sent to seize Arminiyah and Adharbayjan on behalf of his patron. After gathering the support of several local notables he set out for Barda, but was soon met by a large force led by Zuhayr ibn Sinan al-Tamimi that al-San'ani had dispatched against him. Following a battle that lasted for the greater part of a day Ishaq and his supporters were defeated, while his son Ja'far was captured and sent as a prisoner to al-Ma'mun.

According to al-Baghdadi, Ishaq died in Baghdad at an unspecified date.

Notes

References
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 

8th-century births
9th-century deaths
Abbasid governors of Egypt
Abbasid governors of Sind
Abbasid governors of Basra
Abbasids
8th-century Abbasid governors of Egypt
9th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate
Abbasid governors of Medina
Abbasid governors of Mosul
8th-century Arab people
Fort Granby () was built in Tobago  by the British to protect the first capital, George Town. (The capital was moved to Scarborough in 1769.) The fort was probably named for the Marquess of Granby.

The fort was the first British fort on the island, and is the second oldest fort. In 1770 it was the island's main military establishment. A detachment of the 70th (Glasgow Lowland) Regiment of Foot was stationed there and in November was involved in the suppression of a slave revolt. (The rebellion was suppressed later that month after the schooner  brought reinforcements from Barbados.)

The site is on a headland between Barbados and Pinfold Bays. From 1781 to 1793 Tobago was under French control, and the French maintained the fort from 1781 to 1787. At one point the fort was armed with six 6-pounder guns. Thereafter, the fort was abandoned and now little remains of it. The site is a well-kept picnic site that one may reach via Windward Road.

Citations

References
 
 
 

Historic sites in Trinidad and Tobago
Caesio is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, fusiliers belonging to the family Caesionidae. They are native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean, although one species has invaded the eastern Mediterranean Sea through the Suez Canal by Lessepsian migration.

Taxonomy
Caesio was created in 1801 by the French naturalist Bernard Germain de Lacépède when he described Caesio caerilaurea. In 1876 the Dutch ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker designated C. caerulaurea as the type species of the genus Caesio. The genus name, Caesio, means ”blue”.

Species
Currently, 9 species in this genus are recognized, organised into three subgenera according to some authorities:

 Subgenus Caesio
 Caesio caerulaurea Lacépède, 1801 – blue and gold fusilier
 Caesio striata Rüppell, 1830 – striated fusilier
 Caesio varilineata K. E. Carpenter, 1987 – variable-lined fusilier
 Caesio xanthalytos Holleman, Connell & K. E. Carpenter, 2013
 Subgenus Flavicaesio
 Caesio suevica Klunzinger, 1884 – Suez fusilier
 Caesio teres Seale, 1906 – yellow and blueback fusilier
 Caesio xanthonota Bleeker, 1853 – yellowback fusilier
 Subgenus Odontonectes
 Caesio cuning (Bloch, 1791) – redbelly yellowtail fusilier
 Caesio lunaris G. Cuvier, 1830 – lunar fusilier

Characteristics
Caesio fusiliers have a reasonably high, fusiform and elongate body which is moderately laterally compressed. They have a continuous dorsal fin which has 10 spines, all of which are connected by membranes and have 13-16 soft rays. The  anal fin has
3 spines and 10-13 soft rays. Both these fins have scales. The pectoral fins have 17 -23 rays. They may be plain or have one or more horizontal stripes and there may be black markings on the tail, typically black spots on the tips of the lobes or black lines in the middle of lobes.

Distribution and habitat
Caesio fusiliers are found in coastal areas of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, including the Red Sea. One species, C. varilineata has been recorded in the eastern Mediterranean, probably having reached there through the Suez Canal as a Lessepsian migrant. They are mainly found on coral reefs.

Biology
Caesio fusiliers are sociable Fishes which aggregate in schools, frequently forming mixed species schools with other fusilier species. These fish have a diet dominated by zooplankton from midwater while in their schools. They attain sexual maturity quickly and the females have high fecundity. They lay numerous small, pelagic eggs and spawning occurs throughout much of the year. Spawning aggregations form at periods determined by lunar cycles.

Fisheries
Caesio fusiliers are of some importance to inshore fisheries. They are taken using drive-in nets, gili nets, traps, trawls, and handlines. The catch is sold as fresh fish or preserved as salted fish. The juveniles of some species are caught to be used as bait in tuna fisheries.

References

Caesionidae
 
Taxa named by Bernard Germain de Lacépède
Marine fish genera
Perciformes genera
Technobiophilia is 'the innate tendency to focus on life and lifelike processes as they appear in technology'.

The concept was devised by Sue Thomas as an extrapolation of the Biophilia hypothesis introduced by biologist Edward O. Wilson in his book Biophilia (1984). where he defines biophilia as 'the innate tendency to focus on life and lifelike processes.'

Technophilic practices and artefacts have one or more of the following features. They
 connect our lives in nature with our lives in the digital
 contribute to well-being via a tech-nature balance
 support future biodiversity as technology and nature move closer together.

Timothy Beatley, Teresa Heinz Professor of Sustainable Communities in the Department of Urban and Environmental Planning at the University of Virginia School of Architecture, has written of technobiophilia "We can look forward to the promise and potential of technophilic cities, that at once commit to restoring and enjoying actual nature, but acknowledge the realities of life in cities (much of it inside, and behind a screen), and the powerful ways in which our digital technologies could underpin and help to reinforce our nature-ful commitments and experiences and our biophilic tendencies."

References

External links 
 Technobiophilia
 The Future of Technobiophilia: An Interview with Sue Thomas
Confessions of a technobiophiliac, Mike Elgan, Computerworld, 28 February 2015

Psychological concepts
Superstition High School is one of two alternative high schools operated by Mesa Public Schools.

Public high schools in Arizona
High schools in Mesa, Arizona
Étienne Fjord () is a bay  long, lying between Bolsón Cove and Thomson Cove on the south side of Flandres Bay, along the west coast of Graham Land. It was charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, and named by Jean-Baptiste Charcot for Eugène Étienne (1844–1921), a French politician who was Vice President of the French Chamber of Deputies, 1902–04, and Minister of War, 1905–06.

Further reading 

 Eugene Domack, David Amblàs, Robert Gilbert, Stefanie Brachfeld, Angelo Camerlenghi, Michele Rebesco, Miquel Canals, and Roger Urgeles, Subglacial Morphology and Glacial Evolution of the Palmer Deep Outlet System, Antarctic Peninsula, Geomorphology

External links 

 Étienne Fjord on USGS website
 Étienne Fjord on USGS website] on AADC website] on SCAR website
 Étienne Fjord on marineregions.org

References 

Bays of Graham Land
Graham Coast
The 115th Mechanized Brigade () is a brigade of the Ukrainian Ground Forces formed in 2022.

History 
The brigade fought for Siversk in 2022.

Structure 
As of 2023 the brigade's structure is as follows:

 115th Mechanized Brigade, Cherkasy Oblast
 Headquarters & Headquarters Company
 1st Mechanized Battalion
 2nd Mechanized Battalion
 3rd Mechanized Battalion
 Tank Battalion
 Artillery Group
 Anti-Aircraft Defense Battalion
 Reconnaissance Company
 Engineer Battalion
 Logistic Battalion
 Signal Company
 Maintenance Battalion
 Radar Company
 Medical Company
 Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear defense Protection Company  (CBRN defense)

References 

Military units and formations of the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Mechanized brigades of Ukraine
Deep River/Rolph Airport  is a grass strip located  northwest of Deep River, Ontario, Canada. It serves as the home base for the Deep River Flying Club.

References

External links
 Page about this airport on COPA's Places to Fly airport directory

Registered aerodromes in Ontario
Transport in Renfrew County
The Our Lady Queen of the Universe Church also called "Catholic Church of Our Lady Queen of the Universe" is a temple belonging to the Catholic Church and is located in the town of Black Rock in St. Michael one of the administrative divisions of Barbados, in the Lesser Antilles.

The temple was formally established in 1959, as its name suggests was dedicated to the Virgin Mary in her title of Queen of the Universe, a Catholic belief that Mary is Queen and Lady of all creation, as Mother of God. Follow the Roman or Latin rite and is under the jurisdiction of the Catholic Diocese of Bridgetown (Dioecesis Pontipolitana) based in the capital. All Masses and religious services are offered in English.

See also
Catholic Church in Barbados

References

Roman Catholic churches in Barbados
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1959
20th-century Roman Catholic church buildings
Mathilde Nelles (born 7 October 1997) is a Belgian alpine ski racer.

She competed at the 2015 World Championships in Beaver Creek, USA, where she placed 47th in the slalom.

References

1997 births
Belgian female alpine skiers
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Honey flow is a term used by beekeepers indicating that one or more major nectar sources are in bloom and the weather is favorable for bees to fly and collect the nectar in abundance.  

The higher northern and southern latitudes with their longer summer day time hours can be of considerable benefit for honey production.  Flowers bloom for longer hours and the time per day that bees can fly is extended, so  the number of trips per day is higher.  In addition, the higher latitudes do not have hot and dry periods in the summer where virtually all of the excess nectar flow dries up.  

Where there are a succession of nectar sources throughout the summer season, a honeyflow may last for many weeks. In other areas significant honeyflows may only last two or three weeks per year from one or a limited number of nectar sources. The rest of the year is spent in just maintenance – a situation where the incoming nectar and pollen nearly match the needed food for the hive, or where sufficient reserve stores must be present for the hive to survive a winter season.

Speed of work
Honeybees visit up to about 40 flowers per minute depending on floral type, nectar availability and weather conditions. Floral visitation rate by honeybees of some important crops: 

The longer the time period, the greater the nectar availability. It takes twice as much time to collect a load of nectar compared with a load of pollen.  A bee will visit 100–1000 flowers per trip from the hive.

There is general agreement that a single bee will do an average of 10 trips per day (range 7–13).  Large single loads of nectar may weigh 70 mg for Italian bees.  Sometimes a hive may gain 4–10 kg in a single day.  For a  gain this means: 

In two days a strong hive with more than 20,000 foragers may fill a honey super.  This is for nectar, ripe honey has its water fraction reduced significantly.

See also
Honey
Honeydew source
Northern Nectar Sources for Honeybees

Sources 
 The hive and the honey bee, Chapter VII by Norman E. Gary "Activities and behavior of honey bees", Dadant, Hamilton, IL 1975
 Apiary Factsheet #111, Government of British Columbia, Ministry of Agriculture and Lands, Feb 2003; accessed Mar 2006

Beekeeping
Dimitri Placide Ayoloma – is an Anti-balaka commander from the Central African Republic, active in Ouaka and Kémo prefectures. He is responsible for multiple crimes including killing of peacekeeper, looting, arson, assault and kidnapping for ransom.

Life 
He was formerly a member of Central African Armed Forces. In December 2014 he was reportedly Anti-balaka zone commander in Grimari subprefecture under leadership of Patrice-Edouard Ngaïssona.

On 22 August 2018 he kidnapped two citizens of Ndjoukou subprefecture including village chief and 45-year old Sévérin. He demanded payment of million CFA francs for release. After receiving 370,000 CFA francs and eight goats he released them after beating them with sticks.

On 15 March 2020 his fighters launched attack on Grimari, opening fire on the homes of the mayor and sub-prefect. When UN peacekeepers intervened to stop them, one of them was fatally injured by an Anti-balaka fighter. On 17 May 2020 MINUSCA announced operation in Kouango-Sibut-Grimari triangle to stop abuses committed by Ayoloma's group. Between 3 and 16 June his group launched at least ten attacks against NGOs and UN vehicles  on Grimari-Sibut axis in Ouaka and Kemo prefectures. On 2 August he was injured during a failed the attack on Grimari.

In December 2020 he refused to join Coalition of Patriots for Change and instead sided with government forces, handing over some CPC rebels. In following months his group received several weapons and uniforms from local armed forces as well as coordinating military actions with him. On 12 March 2021 while armed forces were passing through Bangao village in Kouango subprefecture he with eight fighters led by him burned several Muslim houses as well as a mosque and stole inhabitants property.

Between 7 and 12 October 2022 his forces clashed with faction of Anti-balaka aligned with CPC led by Sioni Mènè in Ndjoukou subprefecture. Clashes between both groups led to 10 deaths including three civilians. On 14 October it was reported that Ayoloma group withdrew from center of Ndjoukou towards Ndéngou village following deployement of MINUSCA peacekeepers. On 15 October clashes erupted again in multiple villages in Ndjoukou, with Ayoloma forces breaking doors and looting houses. Thousands of people were displaced.

References 

Living people
Leaders of Anti-balaka
Year of birth missing (living people)
Sauze di Cesana (French: Sauze de Césane) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 km west of Turin, on the border with France. 

Sauze di Cesana borders the following municipalities: Abriès (France), Cesana Torinese, Pragelato, Prali, and Sestriere. Within the town is the Church of San Restituto, which was a strategic location during the time of the Dauphiné. In 1065 it was mentioned for the first time in the Bull of Cuniberto, archbishop of Turin.

References

See also 
 Punta Ramiere

Cities and towns in Piedmont
Albert Anderson Raby (1933 – November 23, 1988) was a teacher at Chicago's Hess Upper Grade Center who secured the support of Martin Luther King Jr. to desegregate schools and housing in Chicago between 1965 and 1967. Raby was a part of the civil rights movement and helped create the Coordinating Council of Community Organizations (CCCO), the mission of the CCCO was to end segregation in Chicago schools. Raby tried to stay out of the media and public eye, which limited information known about him.

Early life
Albert Raby was born in Chicago, Illinois in 1933, dropping out of school in the eighth grade. He became involved in a union, and, after a stint in the army, earned his grammar school diploma at age 24.  He went on to earn his high school diploma immediately after that. He attended day and evening school to earn his high school diploma. In 1960, he earned a teaching degree from Chicago Teachers College and entered the profession.

CCCO formation
Raby was a member of the Teachers for Integrated Schools and helped form the Coordinating Council of Community Organizations (CCCO) in 1962. In 1963, Raby assisted in organizing the Chicago Public School Boycott. TFIS selected him to be their delegate to the CCCO. On January 11, 1964, he was appointed the organization's convener (Anderson and Pickering 129).

When the CCCO movement was officially launched, Raby became its co-chairman.

As a member of the Agenda Committee, Raby assisted in choosing open housing as the initial campaign for the movement. Along with King in July 1966, he attended the initial meeting with Mayor Richard J. Daley where the demands of the movement were presented.  Raby served as a leader of open housing marches, using his position as a local leader to draw upon those in Chicago communities affected by housing segregation.

Later career
In 1969, Raby was elected as one of two delegates to the Illinois Constitutional Convention from the 24th legislative district in Chicago. He was endorsed in the election by the Independent Voters of Illinois, and was not backed by the Cook County Democratic Party.

Raby was the Director of the Peace Corps in Ghana from 1979–1982. Afterwards, he returned to Chicago and was the campaign manager for Harold Washington's successful mayoral campaign in 1983. Washington appointed him to head the City of Chicago's Commission on Human Relations in May 1983.

Death and recognition
Raby collapsed and died from a heart attack on November 23, 1988.

In 2004 a Chicago Public High School named after Al Raby was opened. Located in the Garfield Park neighborhood, Al Raby High School for Community and Environment focuses on social justice issues as well as geographical information systems.

References 

1933 births
1988 deaths
Activists for African-American civil rights
Activists from Chicago
Members of Illinois constitutional conventions
The 1947–48 Army Cadets men's ice hockey season was the 45th season of play for the program but first under the oversight of the NCAA. The Cadets represent the United States Military Academy and were coached by Len Patten, in his 3rd season.

Season
Army began the season with few expectations for its ice hockey program. While the Cadets were members of the Pentagonal League, they had gone winless against the other four members the year before and, as a result, only scheduled one game against their four other teams as opposed to the normal two. However, when the Cadets began their season they were performing better than they had in years.

After opening the season with a win, Army defeated Yale in what was considered to be a major upset. Army flagged a bit in their next match, losing to Colgate but then rallied to dominate in two shutout victories, albeit against inferior competition.

By the end of January Army was sitting with an enviable record with both of their close losses coming against strong foes. They travelled to Boston for just their second road game of the year and were humbled by Harvard to the tune of 1–7. The Cadets returned to West Point to lick their wounds and then took revenge against a hapless Lehigh squad, nearly equaling the 12–1 drubbing they had handed out the year before.

In Army's showdown with Dartmouth, the Cadets faced off against the top team in the nation. Though they lost the match, the fact that they were able to keep the score close indicated just how far they had come. The team finished out the season without another loss and were able to defeat Princeton to finish 3rd in the Pentagonal League. Army set a new program record for wins in a season and produced what was probably the best season in program history to that point.

Roster

Standings

Schedule and results

|-
!colspan=12 style=";" | Regular Season

References

Army Black Knights men's ice hockey seasons
Army
Army
Army
The Pall Mall Stakes is a prestigious greyhound racing competition held at Oxford Stadium. The event is classified as a category one race.

History 
The competition was run at Harringay Stadium from 1935 until 1987, before moving to Oxford Stadium in 1988. 

At Oxford from 1988 until its closure in 2012, it was held during the month of March and was considered to be a good guide for the upcoming English Greyhound Derby because it attracted many Derby prospects. However, in 2023 the event returned following the re-opening of the stadium.

Track & race distances
1935–1974 Harringay Stadium 525 yards
1935–1987 Harringay Stadium 475 metres
1988–2023 Oxford Stadium 450 metres

Sponsors
1990–1990 (Hawkins of Harrow)
1991–1993 (Max Thomas Bookmakers)
1994–1994 (Arthur Young Bookmakers)
1995–1995 (Tetley Bitter)
1996–2001 (Arthur Young Bookmakers)
2002–2009 (William Hill)
2010–2010 (Stan James)
2011–2011 (Betfair)
2023–2023 (Stadium Bookmakers)

Past winners

Gallery

References

Greyhound racing competitions in the United Kingdom
Sport in Oxfordshire
Sport in the London Borough of Haringey
Recurring sporting events established in 1935
Greyhound racing in London
Gail M. Reals (born September 1, 1935, Syracuse, New York) is an American former military officer. She was a brigadier general in the United States Marine Corps.

Career 

She was commissioned a second lieutenant in 1961. She was commanding officer of Woman Recruit Training Battalion. In 1985, she was commissioned brigadier general. She was commanding general of Marine Corps Base Quantico. In 1990, she retired from the Marine Corps.

Awards and honors 
Gail Reals was  awarded the Legion of Merit. She was named a notable woman of Arlington.

References 

Created via preloaddraft
1935 births
Living people
Female generals of the United States Marine Corps