Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Demand-pull inflation occurs to arise when aggregate demand in an economy is more than aggregate supply. It involves inflation rising as real gross domestic product rises and unemployment falls, as the economy moves along the Phillips curve. This is commonly described as "too much money chasing too few goods". More accurately, it should be described as involving "too much money spent chasing too few goods", since only money that is spent on goods and services can cause inflation. This would not be expected to happen, unless the economy is already at a full employment level. It is the opposite of cost-push inflation.

How it occurs 
In Keynesian theory, increased employment results in increased aggregate demand (AD), which leads to further hiring by firms to increase output. Due to capacity constraints, this increase in output will eventually become so small that the price of the good will rise.
At first, unemployment will go down, shifting AD1 to AD2, which increases demand (noted as "Y") by (Y2 − Y1). This increase in demand means more workers are needed, and then AD will be shifted from AD2 to AD3, but this time much less is produced than in the previous shift, but the price level has risen from P2 to P3, a much higher increase in price than in the previous shift. 
This increase in price is what causes inflation in an overheating economy.

Demand-pull inflation is in contrast with cost-push inflation, when price and wage increases are being transmitted from one sector to another. 
However, these can be considered as different aspects of an overall inflationary process—demand-pull inflation explains how price inflation starts, and cost-push inflation demonstrates why inflation once begun is so difficult to stop.

Causes of demand-pull inflation 
 There is a quick increase in consumption and investment along with extremely confident firms.
 There is a sudden increase in exports due to huge under-valuation of the currency.
 There is a lot of government spending.
 The expectation that inflation will rise often leads to a rise in inflation. Workers and firms will increase their prices to 'catch up' to inflation.
 There is excessive monetary growth, when there is too much money in the system chasing too few goods. The 'price' of a good will thus increase.
 There is a rise in population.

See also
 Built-in inflation
 Cost-push inflation
 Demand shock
 Triangle model
 Demand-pull theory

Notes

External links
 Theory 1 - Demand-pull inflation - is inflation demanding?, Bank of Biz/ed

Demand
Inflation
John Thomas Eugene Talley Jr. (born December 19, 1964) is a former wide receiver and tight end who played in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at West Virginia.

College career
Talley spent four seasons as a member of the West Virginia Mountaineers and originally played quarterback. He started several games for the Mountaineers as a sophomore in 1985 and became the second African-American to start at quarterback in the school's history, completing 53 of 109 passes for 507 yards with four touchdowns and seven interceptions while also rushing for 181 yards and two touchdowns. He moved to wide receiver during his junior season. As a senior, Talley had 25 receptions for 307 yards and two touchdowns.

Professional career
Talley was a member of the Philadelphia Eagles and the Miami Dolphins during the 1988 preseason, but did not make either team's active roster. He spent the 1989 season with the Cleveland Browns practice squad after being waived from the active roster at the end of the preseason. He played in 14 games as a wide receiver and tight end with two starts the following season, catching two passes for 28 yards. He played in three games during the 1991 season with one reception for 13 yards before he was placed on injured reserve in early November. Talley was waived by the Browns after the 1991 season.

Personal
Talley is the younger brother of College Football Hall of Famer and former All-Pro Linebacker Darryl Talley. Talley now resides in Brunswick, Ohio.

References

1964 births
Living people
American football wide receivers
West Virginia Mountaineers football players
Players of American football from Cleveland
Cleveland Browns players
American football quarterbacks
Newton-le-Willows is a village and civil parish in the Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England,  west of Bedale. Historically, it is part of the North Riding of Yorkshire and the Wapentake of Hang East.

Newton-le-Willows used to have a railway station on the Wensleydale Railway. The station opened with the Bedale to Leyburn extension of the line in 1856. In 1877 the station was renamed as Jervaulx to avoid confusion with the other Newton-le-Willows railway station near to St Helens. The stations on the line were all closed in 1954, but the one at Jervaulx was used beyond the closure date to transport pupils to and from Aysgarth School on excursions. Whilst the Wensleydale Railway has reopened as a heritage railway, the station has remained closed.

Education
Aysgarth School is a boarding Preparatory school located  to the south–west of the village. It was founded in 1877 and was originally based near Aysgarth but moved to its current site in 1890.

References

External links

Villages in North Yorkshire
Civil parishes in North Yorkshire
"Lowdown / The Latter" is the ninth single released by drum and bass record producer Xample. "Lowdown" reached number one on the UK Dance Singles Chart.

Track listing

Chart performance

Weekly charts

References

2007 songs
2007 singles
Drum and bass songs
RAM Records singles
|}

The Queen Mary Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old fillies. It is run at Ascot over a distance of 5 furlongs (1,006 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in June.

The event is named after Queen Mary, the consort of King George V. It was established in 1921, and the inaugural running was won by Wild Mint.

The present system of race grading was introduced in 1971, and for a period the Queen Mary Stakes was classed at Group 3 level. It was promoted to Group 2 status in 2004. The Queen Mary Stakes is now staged on day two of the five-day Royal Ascot meeting.

Records
Leading jockey (5 wins):
 Sir Gordon Richards – Supervisor (1932), Maureen (1933), Caretta (1934), Snowberry (1939), Apparition (1946)

Leading trainer (7 wins):
 Fred Darling – Margeritta (1924), Supervisor (1932), Maureen (1933), Caretta (1934), Snowberry (1939), Sun Chariot (1941), Apparition (1946)

Winners since 1978

Earlier winners

 1921: Wild Mint
 1922: Cos
 1923: Mumtaz Mahal
 1924: Margeritta
 1925: Aloysia
 1926: Book Law
 1927: Stadacona
 1928: Arabella
 1929: Qurrat-al-Ain
 1930: Atbara
 1931: Diamalt
 1932: Supervisor
 1933: Maureen
 1934: Caretta
 1935: Fair Ranee
 1936: Night Song
 1937: Queen of Simla
 1938: Belle Travers
 1939: Snowberry
 1940: no race
 1941: Sun Chariot
 1942: Samovar
 1943: Fair Fame
 1944: Sun Stream
 1945: Rivaz
 1946: Apparition
 1947: Masaka
 1948: Coronation V
 1949: Diableretta
 1950: Rose Linnet
 1951: Primavera
 1952: Devon Vintage
 1953: Sybil's Niece
 1954: Bride Elect
 1955: Weeber
 1956: Pharsalia
 1957: Abelia
 1958: A.20
 1959: Paddy's Sister
 1960: Cynara
 1961: My Dream
 1962: Shot Silk
 1963: Lerida
 1964: Brassia
 1965: Visp
 1966: Petite Path
 1967: Sovereign
 1968: Grizel
 1969: Farfalla
 1970: Cawston's Pride
 1971: Waterloo
 1972: Truly Thankful
 1973: Bitty Girl
 1974: Highest Trump
 1975: Rory's Rocket
 1976: Cramond
 1977: Amaranda

* The race was run at Newmarket during the wartime period of 1941–44.

See also
 Horse racing in Great Britain
 List of British flat horse races

References
 Paris-Turf:
, , , , , 
 Racing Post:
 , , , , , , , , , 
 , , , , , , , , , 
 , , , , , , , , , 
 , , , , ,  

 galopp-sieger.de – Queen Mary Stakes.
 ifhaonline.org – International Federation of Horseracing Authorities – Queen Mary Stakes (2019).
 pedigreequery.com – Queen Mary Stakes – Ascot.
 

Flat races in Great Britain
Ascot Racecourse
Flat horse races for two-year-old fillies
Recurring sporting events established in 1921
1921 establishments in England
Matilda Nana Manye Amissah-Arthur (née Borsah) served as the Second Lady of Ghana from 2012 to 2017. She was married to the late former Vice President of Ghana, Kwesi Amissah-Arthur.

Early life and education 
Her father was the Director of Social Welfare and instrumental in founding Osu Children's Home, an orphanage for homeless children and orphans in Osu, Accra as well as the Borstal Institute for juvenile delinquents in the country. Mrs. Amissah-Arthur attended Mfantsiman Girls' Secondary School in Central Region of Ghana for her secondary school education.

Career 
Amissah-Arthur is a retired librarian by profession. She has worked with public library, the Balme Library, University of Ghana and the British Council.

Second Lady of Ghana 
As Second Lady, Amissah-Arthur is well known for her role in promoting literacy, digital libraries, and other beneficial causes in Ghana, including donation of medical items, and supporting fishmongers in the town of Effutu. Amissah-Arthur was influenced to do social work by her father, who was once Director of Social Welfare in Ghana and inculcated the habit of selflessness and hardwork in his children. She has been installed as a Queen Mother of Logba-Adzekoe in 2016, with the stool name of Unandze Afan Eshi (Mamaga Afeamenyo I).

Some Of Her Books Include 
She spends her time writing children's books and working with the bereaved: widows, widowers and their children, to help them find purpose through their pain. These include ; In Times Like These, Fun with Colouring: Animals and their Babies, Writing Book – The Alphabet.

Personal life 
She was married to former vice president of Ghana and former governor of the Bank of Ghana, Kwesi Amissah-Arthur and they were blessed with two children until he died on 29 June 2018 at the 37 Military Hospital.

References

Living people
Second ladies of Ghana
African queen mothers
Ghanaian librarians
Ghanaian women librarians
Mfantsiman Girls' Secondary School alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Al-Jazāʾir () may refer to
 Algeria
 Algiers
Erinnyis guttularis is a species of moth in the family Sphingidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1856. It is known from Cuba, Jamaica and the Dominican Republic.

References

Erinnyis
Moths described in 1856
Every Single Day is a collaboration album between rappers Luni Coleone and Cool Nutz, released on June 5, 2007.

Track listing
"Every Single Day" (featuring Von OP) 5:34
"Go" 4:18
"Chippers" (featuring Rocafella) 3:52
"What It Do?" 4:06
"Skirt" (featuring Key Loom & Rocafella) 4:03
"There Go!" 4:07
"That Doe" (featuring Bosko) 4:27
"Like a Boss" (featuring Slim Weez) 3:46
"Go Dumb" (featuring Key Loom & E-Dawg) 4:20
"Ignant" (featuring Maniac Loc) 3:42
"Cop a Room" 3:59
"Come Get It" (featuring J. Townsend) 3:40
"Y'all Don't Know" (featuring Mr. D.O.G.) 3:56
"What" (featuring Maniac Loc) 4:41
"Luv for Slugs" 3:55

References

2007 albums
Luni Coleone albums
Cool Nutz albums
Collaborative albums
Albums produced by Bosko
Gangsta rap albums by American artists
The 28th Annual South African Music Awards was the 28th ceremony of the South African Music Awards. The ceremony was broadcast on SABC 1 hosted by Lawrence Maleka and Nandi Madida on August 28, 2022.

Nominees were announced on June 7, 2022. Zakes Bantwini lead the nominations with seven each, ahead of Msaki with 5 nominations.

Background 
The 28th South African Music Awards partnered with TikTok for the first time to promote the ceremony.

Three categories; Record of the Year, Music Video of the Year, SAMPRA Artist of the Year, were announced on June 3, 2022.

Full list nominees were announced on June 7, 2022.

Nominees of the last category sponsored by TikTok was announced on August 14, 2022.

The first ceremony was held at City Superbowl, Rustenburg on 27 August was broadcast live on YouTube and TikTok, hosted by Mpho Popps and Robot Boii.

Winners and nominees 
Winners are listed first in bold.

Special Awards 
Below the list are the recipients of achievement awards announced on  August 2, 2022.

International Achievement 
 Black Coffee for his international debut to the world and his astonishing Grammy win.

Lifetime Achievement 
 McCoy Mrubata
 Joe Nina
 Jimmy Dludlu

Chairmans Award 
 Yvonne Chaka Chaka

SAMRO Highest Radio Airplay Composers Award 
 "Osama" - Zakes Bantwini and Kasango

References

2022 music awards
South African Music Awards
Drehkreuz Airport is a German television series.

See also
List of German television series

External links
 

2001 German television series debuts
2001 German television series endings
Aviation television series
German-language television shows
ZDF original programming
Suzanne B. Labarge  (born 1940) is a Canadian businesswoman, and past chancellor of McMaster University. Labarge is a member of The Coca-Cola Company's board of directors, and was the vice-chairman of the Royal Bank of Canada.

Career
Labarge was born in Canada. Labarge received a B.A. in Economics from McMaster University, and a M.B.A. from Harvard Business School. Then she worked in the federal public service, including 2 years as assistant auditor general and 8 years in the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions.

She joined the Royal Bank of Canada where she became the first woman to be appointed as a Royal Bank executive in 1979, and Executive Vice-President in 1995. In 1999, she became RBC's Chief Risk Officer. During her time with RBC, she served as the chief risk officer of RBC Capital Markets Corporation and RBC Capital Markets. Labarge served as the chief risk officer of Royal Bank of Canada until September 2004 and its executive vice president and corporate treasurer from 1995 to 1998. Labarge had served as the chief risk officer at RBC Financial Group and the vice chairman at RBC Capital Markets Corporation and RBC Capital Markets. She served as the vice chairman at RBC Financial Group. Labarge served as vice chairman of Royal Bank of Canada until September 2004.

Labarge assumed the role of chancellor at McMaster University on 1 September 2013, and served a three-year term. In the previous year, Labarge contributed C$10 million to the university in an effort to fund inter-disciplinary research into the subject of aging. The university operates the Labarge Optimal Ageing Initiative. In 2007, she had endowed the Raymond and Margaret Labarge Chair in Research and Knowledge Application for Optimal Aging.

Labarge made a second gift to the University in October 2016. This gift, valued at C$15 million, established the Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging. The focus of the Centre is to fund "interdisciplinary research into ways seniors can live more independently through greater mobility, better health and fitness and increased social connection."

Other roles
 Since December 2007: Director at Coca-Cola s.
 January 2005-May 2007: Independent Director at Novelis Inc.
 Previously: Director at XL Group
 Previously: Member of supervisory board at Deutsche Bank AG and of Deutsche Bank AG
 Chairwoman of CLS Group (2001-2003)

Distinctions
 2000: Awards of Distinction by the Concordia University
 2019: Member of the Order of Canada.

References

1940 births
Living people
Harvard Business School alumni
Chancellors of McMaster University
McMaster University alumni
Directors of The Coca-Cola Company
Canadian women in business
Women business executives
Pierre Benjamin Daniel Massé (13 January 1898, 16th arrondissement of Paris – 15 December 1987, 16th arrondissement of Paris) was an economist, engineer, applied mathematician, and high official in the French government.

Education and career
After graduation from l'École polytechnique, Massé became an engineer at l'École nationale des ponts et chaussées and a Doctor of Science. From 1928 he worked in the electrical industry and became at Électricité de France in 1946 the director of electrical equipment and operations and in 1948 the deputy general manager. In 1957 he became president of l'Électricité de Strasbourg. In 1959 Charles de Gaulle named him Commissaire général du Plan (General Commissioner of Planning) and he held this position until 1966. Massé was chairman of the board of directors of Électricité de France from 1965 to 1969 and an associate professor of la Faculté de Droit de Paris from 1965 to 1967. He was the first president of the Fondation de France from 1969 to 1973. He was elected a member of l'Académie des sciences morales et politiques in 1977.

Pierre Massé did research in economics on the theories of economic depreciation, dynamic programming, and total factor productivity and in mathematics on Pontryagin's minimum principle. He was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1928 at Bologna.

Selected publications
 
 
 
 
 Le Plan, ou l'Anti-hasard (1965; 1991)
 Les Dividendes du progrès (1969)
 La Crise du développement (1973)
 
 Aléas et progrès: entre Candide et Cassandre (1984)

References

External links
 Pierre Massé (1898–1987) – Author – Resources from the BnF

1898 births
1987 deaths
École Polytechnique alumni
Corps des ponts
Engineers from Paris
Civil servants from Paris
20th-century French economists
French civil engineers
20th-century French mathematicians
Électricité de France people
Fellows of the Econometric Society
Cochrane Airport ,  is an airport serving Cochrane, a town in the Aysén Region of Chile. The airport is just northwest of the town, at the foot of Cerro Tamanguito (sv).

The region around Cochrane is mountainous. There are ravines off either end of the runway, with rising terrain beyond.

See also

Transport in Chile
List of airports in Chile

References

External links
Cochrane Airport at OpenStreetMap
Cochrane Airport at OurAirports

Cochrane Airport at FallingRain

Airports in Aysén Region
Hadramphus tuberculatus (known as the Canterbury knobbled weevil, Spaniard weevil or Banks Peninsula speargrass weevil) is a rare weevil endemic to Canterbury in the South Island of New Zealand. It was thought to be extinct in 1922 but was rediscovered in 2004.

Description
H. tuberculatus is a flightless weevil with a knobbed back. It reaches a length of  and a width of . It has a dark brown body with greyish-brown scales. This species tends to survive at high altitudes, specifically 670 meters, within the department of conservation reserve, where Aciphylla, a type of plant species, is abundant (Marris et al., 2008). In addition, in a study done where the ecology and conservation status of the Hadramphus tuberculatus was measured, it was found that the population size decreased from 2009 through 2011 – with the estimated population sizes being 138, 90, and 76, respectively (Fountain et al., 2013).

Taxonomy
This species was first described by Francis Pascoe in 1877 using specimens collected in Canterbury and supplied by Charles Marcus Wakefield. Hadramphus tuberculatus are characterized within the genus of weevils. They belong to the Molytini tribe which consists of four other species: H. tuberculatus, H. spinipennis Broun, H. stilbocarpae Kuschel, and H. pittospori. The Hadramphus tuberculatus are the largest weevils in terms of size and their distiniction stems from having rounded tubercles on their backs. In comparison, all four species are on the risk in terms of conservation (Cruickshank et al., 2018).

Status
The knobbled weevil were apparently common over the Canterbury Plains in the 1870s. Possible causes for its disappearance were the removal by farmers of speargrass (Aciphylla), its host plant, and the arrival of predatory European rats. It was last seen in 1922, and was considered extinct until it was rediscovered in late 2004 by research students of the University of Canterbury at Burkes Pass near Lake Tekapo, South Canterbury, New Zealand. It is now listed as nationally endangered by the New Zealand Department of Conservation, and as critically endangered in the IUCN Red List. A detailed ecological study conducted by researchers at Lincoln University in 2009–2011 estimated the population size at Burkes Pass to be only 138 individuals in 2009, decreasing each year to 76 in 2011.

Gallery of images

References

External links

 Description and Image, PDF 
 Image of a Museum specimen, PDF
 Past distribution of large weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the South Island, New Zealand, based on Holocene fossil remains
 Discovery brings weevil back from the brink 
 Hadramphus tuberculatus discussed on RNZ Critter of the Week, 23 October 2015

Beetles of New Zealand
Molytinae
Beetles described in 1877
Endangered biota of New Zealand
Endemic fauna of New Zealand
Taxa named by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe
Endemic insects of New Zealand
Pterolophia andrewesi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was discovered and described for the first time by Stephan von Breuning in 1938.

References

andrewesi
Beetles described in 1938
Barystraße is a street in Munich's Obermenzing district, which was built around 1897. It was named after the doctor and opera singer Alfred von Bary (1873-1926).

History 
The street, originally named Kleiststraße, connects the Alte Allee through Bassermannstraße. It was crossed around 1897 with the junction of the Mark-Twain-Straße. It belonged to the expansion planning of the Villenkolonie Pasing II, between Alte Allee and Pippinger Straße, which has not been implemented to this day. The development with villas at the beginning of the street took place until the World War I, the extension to Bassermannstraße took place after the World War II. The construction was completed in 2015.

Historical buildings 

The buildings, Barystraße 2, 3 and 5, belong to the building group Villenkolonie Pasing II, which is under cultural heritage management. The Villa Barystraße 3 is also under monument protection as a singular object.

Literature 

 Dennis A. Chevalley, Timm Weski: Landeshauptstadt München – Südwest (= Bavarian State Office for Monument Protection [ed.]: Denkmäler in Bayern. Vol. I.2/2). Karl M. Lipp Verlag, Munich 2004, , p. 95.

 
Streets in Munich
Buildings and structures in Munich
Pasing-Obermenzing
The Volksgarten (, ; ,  or ) is a public park in the Neustadt-Süd district of Cologne, Germany.

It is used for various social activities through the year and can have more than 10.000 visitors at certain days.

Location 
The western rim of the park is a railroad traversing Cologne coming east from the South Bridge () and merging with the main and most frequented railroad coming from Bonn in the south and then surrounding most of the city center of Cologne.

Fountain 

The Volksgarten contains a fountain.

Children's playground 
There is a dedicated playground for children, partially fenced. with ample sand, various climbing frames, benches for adults and so on in the north of the pond in the center of the park, not far from Voklsgartenstraße.

Rose Garden
The park is well known for its beautiful rose garden in its south western edge near the eastern end of Eifelwall at Eifelstraße behind the stacked railway bridges.

History
Most of the Volksgarten area was originally used for fortifications. A fortress wall was built on the western side of park. Remains of a small fort still exists in the center of the park.

Gallery

External links
 

Urban public parks
Parks in Germany
Innenstadt, Cologne