The Hispaniolan parrot (Amazona ventralis), also known as Hispaniolan amazon, is a species of psittaciform bird of the family Psittacidae endemic to Hispaniola, which includes the Dominican Republic and Haiti. Its white forehead, light beak, white eye-ring, blue ear patch, and maroon belly patch are the main features that differentiate it from other amazons. Its body measures about 28 centimeters in length. A typical adult weighs 250g (8.75 oz).

This species was widespread in Hispaniola, but it suffered a significant decline during the twentieth century. Its range was mainly limited to inland mountains in the 1930s and is becoming more typical in metropolitan cities such as Santo Domingo.

Taxonomy 
German biologist Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller published the first scientific description in 1776.In 1535, Spanish historian Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo published written descriptions of the Hispaniolan parrot. Oviedo describes them as Higuacas name derived from the Taíno word for these birds. Oviedo describes them:

Amazona ventralis, Amazona leucocephala, and Amazona vittata are all believed to be descendants of Amazona albifrons a Central American parrot. Based on mitochondrial DNA, the colonization of Hispaniola by the Amazon parrots occurred circa 760,000 years ago.

Description 
They have bright green feathers with blue edges on most of them. They feature black ear coverts, some blue patches on the cheeks and crown, some red patches under the chin, and a noticeable white forehead and area surrounding the eyes. Additionally, they have red feathers on their abdomens, blue wind coverts, green outer web edges, yellowish green underfur, a green tail with yellow tips on the upper side, red outer tail feathers at the base, a horn-colored bill, and brown eyes with pale feet. Their bodies measure approximately 28 centimeters long. A typical adult weights 250g (8.75 oz), and they have a large, robust beak.

Ecology 
They inhabit a variety of wooded environments around 1,500 meters above sea level, from arid savanna palm groves, pine forests, and humid mountain forests. They frequently forage on cultivated lands, such as banana plantations and cornfields. They are found at all elevations in forests, groves, and thickets, wherever there are suitable fruits and seeds. Populations have been limited to forest reserves and national parks such as Jaragua, Cotubanamá, and Los Haitises. They consume seeds or fruits of Caesalpinia, Psidium and Ficus.

Population 
The population is estimated to be around 10,000-19,999 individuals. This equates to 6,667-13,333 mature individuals, rounded here to 6,000-15,000 mature individuals.

Breeding 
Parrots form a couple for life, and lay 2-4 eggs per clutch. They typically nest in cavities in trees up to 20 meters above the ground, but nests have been found as low as 1.5 meters. It has also been reported nesting on rocky ledges. Breeding between the months of February and June. Prospecting pairs have been observed in mid-April, suggesting that the season may extend further in the year.

Threats 

Traffickers removing chicks from their nests can destroy the cavities in the trees that the parrots reuse each season, reducing the likelihood of parrots being able to successfully nest. Additionally, they are hunted for food, trapped for local trade, and are trapped for international trade as cage birds. It is also treated as a crop pest.

The trade or possession of parrots is banned under Dominican Republic law.

References

External links

Species Factsheet , BirdLife
Hispaniolan Amazon videos, images and sounds, Internet Bird Collection]
https://ambiente.gob.do/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Lista_rojaRD.pdf
http://www.grupojaragua.org.do/nuestro-trabajo/defensoria/nomedecotorra/

Hispaniolan amazon
Endemic birds of the Caribbean
Endemic birds of Hispaniola
Birds of the Dominican Republic
Birds of Haiti
Hispaniolan amazon
Hispaniolan amazon
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Species endangered by the pet trade