Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
William W. Menasco is a topologist and a professor at the University at Buffalo.  He is best known for his work in knot theory.

Biography
Menasco received his B.A. from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1975, and his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1981, where his advisor was Robion Kirby. He served as assistant professor at Rutgers University from 1981 to 1984. He then taught as a visiting professor at the University at Buffalo where he became an assistant professor in 1985, an associate professor in 1991. In 1994 he became a professor at the University at Buffalo where he currently serves.

Work
Menasco proved that a link with an alternating diagram, such as an alternating link, will be non-split if and only if the diagram is connected.

Menasco, along with Morwen Thistlethwaite proved the Tait flyping conjecture, which states that, given any two reduced alternating diagrams  of an oriented, prime alternating link,  may be transformed to  by means of a sequence of certain simple moves called flypes.

References

Topologists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
University at Buffalo faculty
Balmoral High School may refer to:

 Balmoral Hall School, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
 Balmoral High School, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
 Balmoral Junior Secondary School, North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
 Balmoral State High School, Queensland, Australia
Cannabicyclol (CBL) is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid found in Cannabis. CBL is a degradative product like cannabinol, with cannabichromene degrading into CBL through natural irradiation or under acid conditions.

CBL is not scheduled under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.

See also 
 Cannabis
 Medical cannabis

References

External links 
 CTD's Cannabicyclol page from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database
 Wiley-VCH list of chemicals 

Phytocannabinoids
Phenols
Benzopyrans
Cyclobutanes
Cyclopentanes
Heterocyclic compounds with 4 rings
Wanda Franz (born 1944) is a West Virginian anti-abortion lobbyist and activist.

Biography 
Franz spent her childhood in post-World War II Germany, where her father was stationed. In the 1970s, she attended West Virginia University (WVU) to obtain her doctorate in psychology. While attending WVU, she was asked to speak to anti-abortion activists where she connected her experience in Germany to anti-abortion activism. As a graduate student in 1971, she joined the WVU Right to Life Club.

In 1983, she served as a consultant for the Office of Population Affairs in the Reagan and Bush administrations until 1991. In 1983, Franz wrote the introduction to Reagan's book Abortion and the Conscience of the Nation.

From 1991 to 2011, she was the President of the National Right to Life Committee (NRLC). During her tenure as president, Fortune magazine recognized the organization twice as the "most publicly recognized and politically effective pro-life organization." She was also the host of NRLC's daily five-minute radio program, Pro-Life Perspective, for 20 years.

She is president of West Virginians for Life, the largest anti-abortion group in West Virginia, first serving from 1975 to 1990 and then getting the position again in 2011. She is working towards the creation of an amendment that specifies that "nothing in this [United States'] Constitution secures or protects a right to abortion."

Franz retired from her professor of psychology position at WVU in 2003. After retirement, she became a professor emerita of child development in the Division of Family and Consumer Sciences at WVU.

Franz is also President of the James Madison Center for Free Speech, which was co-founded by Senator Mitch McConnell and attorney James Bopp Jr.

Personal life 
Franz was married to her husband for 53 years and had three children and 12 grandchildren.

References

External links 
 Appearances on C-SPAN

Living people
American anti-abortion activists
Place of birth missing (living people)
Activists from West Virginia
1944 births
Gordon Cecil Pladson (born July 31, 1956) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher for the Houston Astros. He played parts of four seasons for the Astros, from  until .

References

External links

1956 births
Baseball people from British Columbia
Canadian expatriate baseball players in the United States
Living people
Major League Baseball pitchers
People from New Westminster
Major League Baseball players from Canada
Houston Astros players
Bazzano may refer to:

Places 
 , a frazione of L'Aquila in the Italian region Abruzzo
 , a frazione of the commune Neviano degli Arduini in the Italian province of Parma
 Bazzano, Valsamoggia, a frazione and commune seat of Valsamoggia in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna
 Bazzano Island, a small, uninhabited island in Antarctica

People 
 Charlie Bazzano (1923–2014), Australian cyclist
 , Uruguayan footballer
Østre Innlandet District Court () is a district court located in Innlandet county, Norway. This court is based at three different courthouses which are located in Elverum, Hamar, and Tynset. The court serves the eastern part of the county which includes cases from 17 municipalities. The court in Elverum accepts cases from the municipalities of Elverum, Trysil, Våler, Åmot, and Åsnes. The court in Hamar accepts cases from the municipalities of Hamar, Løten, Ringsaker, and Stange. The court in Tynset accepts cases from the municipalities of Alvdal, Engerdal, Folldal, Os, Rendalen, Stor-Elvdal, Tolga, and Tynset. The court is subordinate to the Eidsivating Court of Appeal.

The court is led by a chief judge () and several other judges. The court is a court of first instance.  Its judicial duties are mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court include death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies.  Cases from this court are heard by a combination of professional judges and lay judges.  Cases from this district court may be appealed to the Eidsivating Court of Appeal.

History
This court was established on 26 April 2021 after the old Hedmarken District Court, Nord-Østerdal District Court and Sør-Østerdal District Court were all merged into one court. The new district court system continues to use the courthouses from the predecessor courts.

References

District courts of Norway
2021 establishments in Norway
Organisations based in Hamar
Organisations based in Elverum
Organisations based in Tynset
In molecular biology, WT1 antisense RNA (non-protein coding), also known as WT1-AS or WIT1, is a long non-coding RNA. In humans, it is found on chromosome 11 and is expressed in kidney. It is transcribed in the opposite direction to the WT1 gene. It is functionally imprinted in the human kidney, where only the paternal allele is expressed, but not in the foetal kidney.

See also
 Long noncoding RNA

References

Further reading

Non-coding RNA
A myopic crescent is a moon-shaped feature that can develop at the temporal (lateral) border of disc (it rarely occurs at the nasal border) of myopic eyes. It is primarily caused by atrophic changes that are genetically determined, with a minor contribution from stretching due to elongation of the eyeball. In myopia that is no longer progressing, the crescent may be asymptomatic except for its presence on ocular examination. However, in high-degree myopia, it may extend to the upper and lower borders, or form a complete ring around the optic disc and form a central scotoma.

The myopic crescent is commonly seen in pathological axial myopia. The condition sometimes described erroneously as myopic choroiditis, but myopic crescent is not an inflammatory process and does not run parallel to the degree of myopia. It usually tends to occur after mid adult life. Myopic crescent is often associated with some degree of retinal degeneration and occasionally vitreous degeneration.

References

External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20070427123308/http://www.opt.pacificu.edu/ce/catalog/COPE7536/KabatDisc.html

Vision
The 1962 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1962. Republican nominee John Chafee defeated Democratic incumbent John A. Notte Jr. with 50.06% of the vote, a margin of just 398 votes.

Primary elections
Primary elections were held on September 11, 1962.

Democratic primary

Candidates
John A. Notte Jr., incumbent Governor
Kevin K. Coleman, Mayor of Woonsocket
Francis A. Manzi

Results

Republican primary

Candidates
John Chafee, State Representative
Louis V. Jackvony, former Attorney General of Rhode Island
Raymond W. Monaco

Results

General election

Candidates
John Chafee, Republican
John A. Notte Jr., Democratic

Results

References

1962
Rhode Island
1962 Rhode Island elections
November 1962 events in the United States
Judith McKenna (born 1966) is an English businesswoman. She has been CEO of Walmart's international division since 2018. Previously, she held leadership roles within Walmart's US division and Asda, a subsidiary of Walmart International.

Early life
McKenna was born in Middlesbrough, England, in 1966. She was educated at a local comprehensive school, then earned a law degree at University of Hull. She qualified as a chartered accountant with KPMG.

Career
McKenna started her career with KPMG, followed by Carlsberg Tetley and Allied Domecq, and joined Asda in 1996. McKenna became chief financial officer of Asda in 2001, a position she held until she was promoted to chief operating officer in July 2011.

At Asda, McKenna worked with David Cheesewright, whom she would later succeed at Walmart International. McKenna moved to the U.S. to lead strategy and development for Walmart International in 2014. The following year, she became chief operating officer for Walmart U.S. As COO, McKenna and Walmart U.S. president CEO Greg Foran led a $2 billion investment in higher wages, training, and technology. McKenna undertook initiatives to improve working conditions for associates, including efforts to clean stores, relax the dress code, and reinstituting Walmart Radio. She also developed training academies for associates, which includes digital learning tools and ongoing education opportunities. McKenna said more than 500,000 associates went through the academy program in 2018. She also brought features to Walmart U.S. that were present at Asda, including online ordering and in-store pickup, including grocery pickup.

McKenna became president and CEO of Walmart International in February 2018, where she is responsible for the strategy and operations for more than 5,100 stores in 19 countries, including Mexico, Canada, China, and India. As head of Walmart International, McKenna reshaped the portfolio with the sale of operations in Japan, Argentina, Brazil, and the United Kingdom, moves she said were made to promote the long-term health of Walmart International and the businesses sold. She has worked to expand the role of e-commerce in Walmart's businesses, including overseeing the $16 billion acquisition of 77 percent of Flipkart, the largest online retailer in India.

McKenna was first named to Fortunes list of 50 Most Powerful Women in 2015. As of 2022, McKenna ranked no. 14 on the list.

Personal life
McKenna met her husband, Phil Dutton, former finance director of Punch Taverns, when both worked at Asda. They have two children.

References

Living people
1966 births
Walmart people
People from Middlesbrough
Alumni of the University of Hull
British women chief executives
Guatemala–Peru relations () are the bilateral and historical relations between Guatemala and Peru. Both countries are members of the United Nations (and its Group of 77), the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, the Latin Union, the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language, the Organization of American States, the Organization of Ibero-American States, and the Cairns Group.

History
Both states were formerly part of the Spanish Empire and formally established relations in 1857, during the Filibuster War.

Both countries became briefly involved in an international incident when Guatemalan ambassador José María Argueta was among the hostages of the Japanese embassy hostage crisis.

In 2017, heads of state Pedro Pablo Kuczynski and Jimmy Morales met in Paris with Luis Alberto Moreno, president of the Inter-American Development Bank.

In economic matters, Guatemala and Peru have a free trade agreement signed on December 6, 2011.

Resident diplomatic missions
 Guatemala has an embassy in Lima.
 Peru has an embassy in Guatemala City.

See also 

 Foreign relations of Guatemala
 Foreign relations of Peru
 List of ambassadors of Guatemala to Peru
 List of ambassadors of Peru to Central America
 List of ambassadors of Peru to Guatemala

References 

 
 
Peru
Guatemala
In philosophy and psychology, self-fulfillment is the realizing of one's deepest desires and capacities. The history of this concept can be traced to Ancient Greek philosophers and it still remains a notable concept in modern philosophy.

Definition
Philosopher Alan Gewirth in his book Self-Fulfillment defined self-fulfillment as "carrying to fruition one's deepest desires or one's worthiest capacities." Another definition states that self-fulfillment is "the attainment of a satisfying and worthwhile life well lived." It is an ideal that can be traced to Ancient Greek philosophers, and one that has been common and popular in both Western and non-Western cultures. Self-fulfillment is often considered as superior to other values and goals.

Philosophy
Gewirth noted that "to seek for a good human life is to seek for self-fulfillment". However, in modern philosophy, the ideal of self-fulfillment has become less popular, criticized by thinkers such as Hobbes and Freud, who feel there are conceptual and moral problems associated with it. It has been called an egoistic concept, impossible to achieve, with some suggesting that it is an obsolete concept that should be abandoned.  Furthermore, moral philosophers focus less on obtaining a good life, and more on interpersonal relations and duties owed to others.  Similarly, whereas Plato and Aristotle saw the goal of the polis in providing a means of self-fulfillment to citizens, modern governments have given up on that, focusing rather on maintaining civic order. Despite the criticism, the concept of self-fulfillment still persists in modern philosophy, its usefulness defended by thinkers such as Gewirth himself.

Gewirth also noted that the term self-fulfillment has two near synonyms: self-realization and self-actualization, used respectively by philosophers and humanist psychologists, whereas the term self-fulfillment is more commonly used outside those expert fields. Gewirth however argues that this concept is sufficiently different from those others to merit not being used as a synonym. Self-actualization in particular, often discussed in the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, is frequently defined as the "need for self-fulfillment".

When it comes to the relationships with other factors, self-fulfillment has been positively connected to altruism.

See also
 Life satisfaction
 Self-fulfilling prophecy

References

External links
Self Improvement
Things To Lead A Positive Life

Motivation
Happiness
Self
Philosophy of life
Germany introduced postal codes on 25 July 1941, in the form of a two-digit system that was applied initially for the parcel service and later for all mail deliveries. This system was replaced in 1962 in West Germany by a four-digit system; three years later East Germany followed with its own four-digit system. Whereas the Federal Republic introduced a system with space left for the East German postal system after a possible reunification, such as by omitting all codes starting with '1' (except 1000 for West Berlin) and '9', the German Democratic Republic had a system that used all codes starting from '1' to '9' just for East Germany.

Today, German postal codes are numeric and have consisted of five digits since 1993. Between 1990 and 1993 the previous four-digit codes in the former West were prefixed with the letter "W", and in the former East with the letter "O" (for "Ost", "east" in German). Even though the western system had kept some number ranges free, specifically for later integration of the East in case of reunification, it was decided that the time was right to create an entirely new system for the 1990s, in which larger towns and cities would be divided into multiple postal code areas (the old system had inconsistently used additional numbers after the city's names), and companies receiving large amounts of post (such as mail-order businesses) could be assigned their own private code. This resulted in a system where one could no longer identify the size of the city by the number of trailing zeros in its postal code (such as 2000 for Hamburg or 8000 for Munich).

Post office boxes are arranged in racks containing several dozens of them. Each rack is identified by an individual postal code.

The 1993 system has geographic zones on the first (Postleitzonen) and on the second level (Postleitregion), e.g., 1 is North East Germany, and 10 is a zone in the inner city of Berlin.

 
On 31 December 2007, the zones had the following area and population:

There are three states (Saxony, Saarland and Schleswig-Holstein), in addition to the city states (Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg), that lie completely within one postal zone, while three states (Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Baden-Württemberg) cover four postal zones.

See also
 Briefzentrum (Deutsche Post)

External links 
Find town or P.O. box by postal code and in reverse order

Germany
Postal system of Germany
Christoph Hoffmann (born 9 December 1957) is a German politician of the Free Democratic Party (FDP) who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Baden-Württemberg since 2017.

Early life and career 
Hoffmann studied forestry sciences at the University of Freiburg after graduating from high school in 1977. He graduated with a diploma in forestry in 1983, and then completed his preparatory service for a forestry career with the state of Baden-Württemberg in 1985. After completing his doctoral studies in forest genetics at the University of California, Berkeley, Hoffmann was awarded his doctorate at the University of Göttingen in 1994. 

From 1995 until 1997, Hoffmann worked for GIZ in Ivory Coast. He was subsequently employed in various projects and positions in the Baden-Württemberg forest administration.

Political career 
In 2007, Hoffmann was elected mayor of the community of Bad Bellingen in the Markgräflerland region and re-elected in 2015.

Hoffmann became member of the Bundestag in the 2017 German federal election. He has since been a member of the Committee on Economic Cooperation and Development and the Parliamentary Advisory Board on Sustainable Development. He serves as his parliamentary group’s spokesperson on development policy.

In addition to his committee assignments, Hoffmann is part of the German-Ukrainian Parliamentary Friendship Group and the German Parliamentary Friendship Group for Relations with the Western African States. He has also been a substitute member of the German delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) since 2018, where he serves on the Committee on Social Affairs, Health and Sustainable Development. Since 2022, he has been a member of the German delegation to the Franco-German Parliamentary Assembly.

Other activities 
 German Network against Neglected Tropical Diseases (DNTDs), Member of the Parliamentary Advisory Board (since 2018)
 German Africa Foundation (DAS), Member of the Board (since 2018)
 German Foundation for World Population (DSW), Member of the Parliamentary Advisory Board (since 2018)
 St Barbara Foundation, Member of the Board of Trustees

References

External links 

  
 Bundestag biography 
 

1957 births
Living people
Members of the Bundestag for Baden-Württemberg
Members of the Bundestag 2017–2021
Members of the Bundestag for the Free Democratic Party (Germany)
Members of the Bundestag 2021–2025
Velma  May Wallis (born 1960) is a Native American writer of Gwich'in Athabascan Indian descent. Her books have been translated into 17 languages.

Early life
She was born and raised in a remote Alaskan village near Fort Yukon, approximately  northeast of Fairbanks. This location could be accessed only by riverboat, airplane, snowmobile or dogsled. Velma grew up among 12 siblings. Her father died when she was 13 years old, and she stayed out of school to help her mother with the household. She later went on to receive her GED.

Independence
About 12 miles away from the village, her father had built a small cabin in the wilderness. He had been a hunter and trapper. Some time after his death around 1973, Velma surprised her family and friends by leaving home and living in the cabin for some years. She perfected her trapping, fishing and hunting skills and lived on what she could provide for herself. At one point her mother joined her during the summer to teach her more traditional skills. In this area, where the Porcupine River flows into the Yukon River, Velma Wallis lived an independent lifestyle. These experiences led to write her first book, Two Old Women, which sold 1.5 million copies worldwide.

Personal life
Velma Wallis, who has three daughters and a son, now divides her time between Fairbanks and Fort Yukon.

Awards
 2003 American Book Award, for Raising Ourselves: A Gwich'in Coming of Age Story from the Yukon River
 1993 Western States Book Award

Velma Wallis bibliography
 Two Old Women: An Alaskan Legend Of Betrayal, Courage And Survival. Epicenter Press. 1993. . 
 Bird Girl and the Man Who Followed the Sun. Epicenter Press. 1996. .

References

1960 births
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American novelists
21st-century American women writers
20th-century Native Americans
Alaskan Athabaskan people
American Book Award winners
American women novelists
Gwich'in people
Living people
Native American novelists
Native American women writers
People from Fort Yukon, Alaska
Writers from Fairbanks, Alaska
20th-century Native American women
21st-century Native American women
21st-century Native American writers