Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Cleopatra of Pontus (Ancient Greek: Κλεοπάτρα; 110 BC – after 58 BC) was a Pontian princess and a queen consort of Armenia.

She was one of the daughters of King Mithridates VI of Pontus and Queen Laodice. Cleopatra is sometimes known as Cleopatra the Elder, to distinguish her from her sister of the same name and was born and raised in the Kingdom of Pontus. She was the wife of the Armenian King Tigranes the Great.

She married Tigranes in 94 BC, cementing the alliance between Pontus and Armenia. She played a decisive role in the life of Tigranes and all of Armenia. Cleopatra bore Tigranes three sons: Zariadres, Artavasdes II of Armenia and Tigranes, and two daughters. One daughter married King Pacorus I of Parthia and the other married King Mithridates I of Media Atropatene.

Tigranes chose a foreign policy different from that of Mithridates towards the Roman Republic based on his interests, and he eventually signed a treaty with Rome following the Battle of Artaxata in 68 BC, as a result of which Cleopatra, under the influence of her father, instigated their sons to betray Tigranes. In 66 BC, Pompey captured the younger Tigranes and took him to Rome as a hostage. Tigranes later escaped in 58 BC with the assistance of Publius Clodius Pulcher. Roman historian Asconius described the event. The sons attempted unsuccessfully to seize the throne from Tigranes; Zariadres and his younger brother were executed by Tigranes.

Cleopatra escaped to her father and lived the remainder of her life in Pontus.

Notes
Asconius, on Cicero's Pro Milone

References

Bibliography 
 Mayor, A. The Poison King: the life and legend of Mithradates, Rome’s deadliest enemy, Princeton University Press, 2009
 Khachʻatryan, Hayk (2001) Queens of the Armenians : 150 biographies based on history and legend, Sekhpossian, Nouné (transl.); Merguerian, Barbara J. (Ed.), Yerevan : "Amaras" ; Boston, MA : Armenian International Women’s Association Press, 
Plutarch, Crassus 19; 22; 33.

110 BC births
50s BC deaths
People of the Kingdom of Pontus
 Ancient Pontic Greeks
1st-century BC Iranian people
Iranian people of Greek descent
Queens consort of Armenia
Mithridatic dynasty
The 2020 Balkan Athletics Championships was the 73rd edition of the annual track and field competition for athletes from the Balkans, organised by Balkan Athletics. It was held on 19 and 20 September at the Cluj Arena in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Results

Men

Women

Medal table

References

Results
73rd BALKAN SENIOR CHAMPIONSHIPS. Balkan Athletics. Retrieved 2020-09-20.

External links
Balkan Athletics website

2020
Balkan Athletics Championships
Balkan Athletics Championships
Balkan Athletics Championships
International athletics competitions hosted by Romania
Sport in Cluj-Napoca
"Peru" is a song by Nigerian singer Fireboy DML. It was released on 20 July 2021, through YBNL Nation, and distributed by Empire. "Peru" was written by Fireboy DML, Ivory Scott, & Kolten Perine and produced by Shizzi & Perine. On 23 December 2021, a reworked version of "Peru" was released, in collaboration with English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran. The music video for the version with Sheeran was released on 24 December 2021. An additional remix, featuring rappers 21 Savage and Blxst was also later released. The song was nominated at the 7th annual African Entertainment Awards USA for Song of the Year. The song is not about the country of Peru, but rather a reference to  Nigerian singer Peruzzi; the government of Peru nonetheless reacted positively to the song on Twitter.

Background
After the song garnered popularity and reached number one on the UK Afrobeats Singles Chart, Fireboy reached out to Sheeran for a remix through the founder of SB.TV, Jamal Edwards. On 11 February 2022, he released the official remix of "Peru", with featured vocals from 21 Savage and Blxst, through Empire Distribution for YBNL Nation.

Music video
On 6 August 2021, Fireboy released the music video for "Peru". The visual sees Fireboy lounging around the streets of the US, seen in the studio, skydiving and trying out dishes. The visual was directed by Mariano Valentino, with additional footage shot by Dakota Lim, and Diego Pina. The visual was edited by Ryan Corr. The new version, music video featuring Ed Sheeran, was released on 24 December 2021. Directed by Gabriella Kingsley, and shot in London, United Kingdom. The music video reached 1.9 million views, less than 24 hours after its releases. On 21 December 2021, Fireboy shared a short clip on his social platforms, singing "Peru" with Sheeran.

Accolades

Commercial performance
"Peru" peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart, and number one on UK Afrobeats Singles Chart. It would eventually spend 22 consecutive weeks in the top 10, tying "Shape of You" and "Bad Habits" as Sheeran's longest-charting songs in the top 10. On 2 August, it debuted at number ten on the TurnTable Top 50. On 4 August, the song peaked at number 14 on the TurnTable Top 50 Airplay chart. On the same day, it peaked at number five on TurnTable Top 50 streaming songs chart. On 26 August, "Peru" peaked at number 26 on TurnTable TV Top songs chart. It was named on the Apple Music Top Songs of 2021 in Nigeria. "Peru" is Fireboy's most popular record with over 20.6 million Spotify streams as of December 2021.

Track listing
Digital download and streaming
"Peru" – 2:31

Digital download, streaming and CD single
"Peru" (with Ed Sheeran) – 3:07

Digital download and streaming
"Peru" (Acoustic) (with Ed Sheeran) – 2:52

Digital download and streaming
"Peru" (Remix) (with 21 Savage and Blxst) – 3:06

Digital download and streaming
"Peru" (R3hab Remix) (with Ed Sheeran) – 2:29

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Release history

References

External links
 
 
 

2021 singles
2021 songs
Pop songs
Fireboy DML songs
Empire Distribution singles
YBNL Nation singles
Song recordings produced by Shizzi
Charles Buckman Goring (1870–1919) was a pioneer in criminology and author of the influential work The English Convict: a statistical study.

Life
He was educated at the University of London, receiving his B.Sc. in 1895 and his M.D. in 1903. In 1893, he was awarded the John Stuart Mill Studentship in Philosophy of Mind and Logic, and four years later was elected a Fellow of University College. From 1902 until his death in 1919, he was employed as medical officer in various English prisons.

He married Katie Winifred Macdonald, a pianist and suffragette, in Paris in 1905. They had two sons, Charles Donald Austin Goring (known as Donald) who died in a motor vehicle accident in Yemen in 1936 and Marius Goring, the stage and screen actor.

He died on 5 May 1919 at his home in Cheetham Hill, Manchester from influenza. He was the Chief Medical Officer at HM Prison Manchester (Strangeways) at the time of his death.

He was highly regarded among those who knew him for his scientific imagination, logic and excellent prose. His colleague Karl Pearson once said: "The creative mind has the potentiality of poet, artist and scientist within its grasp, and Goring's friends were never very certain in which category to place him."

The English Convict
Goring's crowning achievement was The English Convict: a statistical study, one of the most comprehensive criminological works of its time. It was first published in 1913, and set out to establish whether there were any significant physical or mental abnormalities among the criminal classes that set them apart from ordinary men, as suggested by Cesare Lombroso. Under the sponsorship of the British government, Goring, assisted by other prison medical officers, as well as Karl Pearson and his staff at the Biometrics Laboratory, collected and analysed data bearing upon 96 traits of each of over 3,000 English convicts. He ultimately concluded that "the physical and mental constitution of both criminal and law-abiding persons, of the same age, stature, class, and intelligence, are identical. There is no such thing as an anthropological criminal type."

He did, however, assert that it is an "indisputable fact that there is a physical, mental, and moral type of normal person who tends to be convicted of crime: that is to say, our evidence conclusively shows that, on average, the criminal of English prisons is markedly differentiated by defective physique - as measured by stature and body weight, by defective mental capacity". Goring went on to argue that one of the three measures in which to combat crime was to "regulate the reproduction of those degrees of constitutional qualities - feeble-minded, inebriety, epilepsy, social instinct, etc".

References

External links

 

1870 births
1919 deaths
British criminologists
British prison officials
Alumni of the University of London
Lantern Pike is a hill located just outside Hayfield, in Derbyshire, England. The land lies within the Peak District National Park and is owned and maintained by the National Trust. It is permanently open to the public. According to Ordnance Survey, it is  in height (measured by air survey).

According to the booklet 10 Walks Around Hayfield, published by the Peak District National Park Authority, the name Lantern Pike probably comes from the hill's use as a beacon.

The hill is a popular hiking destination, and is often considered a continuation of nearby Kinder Scout. The Peak District Boundary Walk runs south to north past the summit and the Pennine Bridleway crosses the eastern flank of the hill.

Lantern Pike gives its name to the Lantern Pike Inn in nearby Little Hayfield.

References

Mountains and hills of the Peak District
Mountains and hills of Derbyshire
Mountains and hills of the United Kingdom with toposcopes
High Peak, Derbyshire
Čakov is a municipality and village in Benešov District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.

It is located  northeast of Benešov and  southeast of Prague.

Administrative parts
Villages of Tatouňovice and Vlkov are administrative parts of Čakov.

History
The first written mention of Čakov is from 1226.

References

Villages in Benešov District
Deena Nicole Cortese Buckner ( Cortese; born January 12, 1987) is an American reality television personality who appeared on the MTV reality show Jersey Shore from 2010 to 2012 and is currently on Jersey Shore: Family Vacation.

Early life 
Cortese was born in the New Egypt section of Plumsted Township, New Jersey to Italian-American parents John (1949–2016) and Joan Cortese. She graduated from New Egypt High School where she did both cheerleading and dance, and briefly attended Brookdale Community College. Joanie Maiorella is Cortese's older sister that had been put up for adoption and lived down the road from them. Deena learned of this when she was 7 and met her sister there after. Joanie was seen in multiple episodes throughout season five of Jersey Shore.

Career 
Cortese was a cast member on the reality TV series Jersey Shore. Deena had originally auditioned for season 1, but had to decline the offer due to a family emergency; however, she was cast by MTV when Angelina Pivarnick left the show after season two, and Snooki suggested her as a replacement. She joined the cast in season three, which filmed in Seaside Heights, New Jersey.

In 2014, Cortese appeared on Couples Therapy.

In 2018, Cortese returned to MTV as one of the cast members of Jersey Shore: Family Vacation, which is still running and she currently remains on the show.

Personal life 
In November 2016, Cortese became engaged to Christopher Buckner. They were married on October 28, 2017. In 2018, Cortese revealed that she and her husband were expecting their first child, a son. Cortese gave birth to Christopher John "CJ" Buckner on January 5, 2019. They reside in Jackson Township, New Jersey. In October 2020, she revealed that she and her husband were expecting their second child in May 2021 and later revealed to be a boy. Cortese gave birth to Cameron Theo Buckner on May 1, 2021.

Filmography

References

External links 
 

1987 births
American people of Italian descent
Brookdale Community College alumni
Living people
Participants in American reality television series
People from Jackson Township, New Jersey
People from Plumsted Township, New Jersey
Hellinsia chrysocomae, also known as the scarce goldenrod plume moth, is a moth of the family Pterophoridae, found in Great Britain, France, Germany, Switzerland and southern Russia.

The wingspan is about .

The larvae feed on the flowers and seeds of ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris), goldilocks aster (Aster linosyris) and European goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea).

References

External links
 Hants moths

chrysocomae
Moths described in 1875
Plume moths of Asia
Plume moths of Europe
Taxa named by Émile Louis Ragonot
The  2018 Beijing Sinobo Guoan F.C. season  was their 15th consecutive season in the Chinese Super League, established in the 2004, and 28th consecutive season in the top flight of Chinese football. They competed in the Chinese Super League and Chinese FA Cup.

First team
As of 13 July 2018

Transfers

Winter

In:

Out:

Summer

In:

Out:

Staff

|}

Friendlies

Pre-season

Mid–season

Competitions

Chinese Super League

Table

Results by round

Matches

Chinese FA Cup

References

Beijing Guoan F.C. seasons
Chinese football clubs 2018 season
Bulbophyllum tokioi is a species of plant in the family Orchidaceae. It is endemic to Taiwan (has been found in the north and central regions in or near Taipei, Hsinchu and Taichung). It was described in 1935 by Noriaki Fukuyama.

Identification
B. tokioi has creeping rhizomes (0.5 mm diam.), lacking pseudobulbs. Its fleshy, sessile, glabrous leaves are minute (5–6 mm long by 3-4.5 mm wide), elliptic or elliptic-orbicular, acute or obtuse, some
having tiny, membranaceous sheaths at base. It has axillary scapes (1–3 cm long) that are slender and erect, with a few sheaths close by its base. Bracts are elliptic and acute.

B. tokioi has two palely yellowed flowers, sometimes having red spots or striations. Its three-nerved, dorsal sepals are membranaceous and hairless. One of these (2.5-3.8 mm long by 1–2 mm wide) is oblong, while other lateral ones (2.6–4 mm long by 1.5–2 mm wide) are obliquely triangular and elliptic. Its single-nerved petals (1.3-2.4 mm long by 0.6–1 mm wide) are oblong. Its lip is attached to the apex of its thin, un-hornlike column foot (2-2.4 mm long by 1 mm wide) is ovate-triangular and purple-tinged, with a rounded to obtuse apex, and a base decurrent into a long, entire, glabrous, membranaceous, three-nerved claw. The column (0.8–1 mm long), has stubby stylids at its apex, and its foot is 2 mm long. Its triangularly conic anther is white with an area of red, and its two pollinia are ovoid to ellipsoid.

References 

Orchids of Taiwan
Endemic flora of Taiwan
tokioi
Endangered plants
Plants described in 1935
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Gmina Laszki is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Jarosław County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Laszki, which lies approximately  east of Jarosław and  east of the regional capital Rzeszów.

The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2013 its total population is 7,037.

Villages
Gmina Laszki contains the villages and settlements of Bobrówka, Bukowina, Charytany, Czerniawka, Korzenica, Laszki, Miękisz Nowy, Miękisz Stary, Tuchla, Tuchla-Osada, Wietlin, Wietlin Pierwszy, Wietlin Trzeci, Wietlin-Osada and Wysocko.

Neighbouring gminas
Gmina Laszki is bordered by the gminas of Jarosław, Oleszyce, Radymno, Wiązownica and Wielkie Oczy.

References

Polish official population figures 2006

Laszki
Jarosław County
David McGill (1947-2022) was a Scottish international lawn and indoor bowler and commentator.

Bowls career

World Championship
McGill won a silver medal in the triples with John Summers and Willie McQueen  and two bronze medals in the singles and team event (Leonard Trophy) at the 1980 World Outdoor Bowls Championship in Melbourne.

Commonwealth Games
In 1978 MGill represented Scotland in the singles at the Commonwealth Games.

National
McGill was the 1976 national champion and subsequently won the singles at the British Isles Bowls Championships in 1977.

Commentating
He was an architect by trade and has also commentated for the BBC in televised bowls competitions.

References

Scottish male bowls players
1947 births
2022 deaths
Bowls players at the 1978 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games competitors for Scotland
"Out of Space" is the fourth EP/single released by English electronic music group the Prodigy in 1992. The song is also featured on their debut album, Experience (1992), and is the fourth single from it. The song samples the 1976 song "Chase the Devil" by Max Romeo as well as some lines by rapper Kool Keith on the 1988 track "Critical Beatdown" by Ultramagnetic MCs.

The song is arguably the most successful of the Prodigy's early period and was often played live by the band. The British Phonographic Industry certified the single gold in May 2021.

In 2005 "Out of Space" was released as a remix by Audio Bullys in the single "Voodoo People / Out of Space" from the greatest hits compilation Their Law: The Singles 1990–2005.

Critical reception
In his weekly UK chart commentary, James Masterton said, "This track is by far their most commercial yet. It may not progress much further but is their 4th Top 20 entry this year, not a feat to be sniffed at." Charles Aaron from Spin wrote, "Swirling and constantly transforming, this here's techno that bends your mind and tickles your belly."

Music video
The colour-negative music video for the song, directed by Russell Curtis, featured the band raving in a rural setting. Keith Flint was dressed up in a "raver's outfit", wearing white overalls, a face mask and fluorescent gloves, sniffing Vicks VapoRub. It also featured footage of the band's live shows at the time and ostriches. The video received heavy rotation on MTV Europe.

Track listing

XL
7" vinyl record
A. "Out of Space"
B. "Ruff in the Jungle Bizness" (Uplifting Vibes Remix) (4:17)

12" vinyl record
"Out of Space" (Original Mix) (5:07)
"Out of Space" (Techno Underworld Remix) (4:48)
"Ruff in the Jungle Bizness" (Uplifting Vibes Remix) (4:20)
"Music Reach" (1/2/3/4) (Live) (4:21)

Cassette Single
"Out of Space" (3.41)
"Ruff in the Jungle Bizness" (Uplifting Vibes Remix) (4.20)

CD single
"Out of Space" (Edit) (3:41)
"Out of Space" (Techno Underworld Remix) (4:48)
"Ruff in the Jungle Bizness" (Uplifting Vibes Remix) (4:20)
"Music Reach" (1/2/3/4) (Live) (4:21)

Elektra
CD single
"Out of Space" (Edit) (3:41)
"Out of Space" (Techno Underworld Remix) (4:48)
"Out of Space" (Millenium Mix) (6:25)
"Out of Space" (Celestial Bodies Mix) (5:44)
"Ruff in the Jungle Bizness" (Uplifting Vibes Mix) (4:20)
"Jericho" (Live Version) (4:22)

Tracks 2 and 5 remixed by Liam Howlett.
Tracks 3 and 4 remixed by Mark Picchiotti and Teri Bristol.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

|}

References

External links

1992 singles
1992 songs
The Prodigy songs
Songs written by Liam Howlett
XL Recordings singles
Songs about outer space
Lalit Rajeshwori Rajya Lakshmi Devi (1854–1917) was the Crown Princess of Prince Trailokya of Nepal. She was the mother of Prithvi of Nepal, King of Nepal.

Biography 
Lalit was the second daughter of Commanding-General Sir Jang Bahadur Kunwar Ranaji, Maharaja of Lambjang and Kaski, GCB, GCSI, Prime Minister and Colonel-in-chief of Nepal, by his wife, Hiranya Garbha Kumari Devi, youngest daughter of Sri Chautaria Prana Shah.

She married Trailokya, Crown Prince of Nepal in Thapathali Durbar, Kathmandu, on 10 June 1860, in a double ceremony with her sister, Somgarva Divyeshwari Rajya Lakshmi Devi (second and third wives of Trailokya; the first wife was their other sister, Tara Rajya Lakshmi Devi).

She was Regent for her son since 17 May 1881 until 8 August 1893

She was named Tower Sri Panch.

References

Nepalese queens consort
1917 deaths
1854 births
20th-century Nepalese nobility
19th-century Nepalese nobility
Children of prime ministers of Nepal
Nepalese Hindus
Mothers of monarchs
Crown princesses
Huỳnh Châu (born 25 October 1960) is a Vietnamese former cyclist. He competed in the road race at the 1988 Summer Olympics.

References

External links
 

1960 births
Living people
Vietnamese male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Vietnam
Cyclists at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people)
Gårekneet Ridge () is a rock ridge  south of Garenevkalven Nunatak in the Payer Mountains of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was photographed from the air by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39), mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named Gårekneet.

References

Ridges of Queen Maud Land
Princess Astrid Coast
Workmania is a genus of spiders in the family Zodariidae. It was first described in 2012 by Dankittipakul, Jocqué & Singtripop. , it contains 2 Asian species.

References

Zodariidae
Araneomorphae genera
Spiders of Asia
Carex mucronata is a species of flowering plant in the genus Carex, native to the mountains of Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, and the former Yugoslavia. Its chromosome number is 2n=36, with one report of 34.

References

mucronata
Flora of France
Flora of Middle Europe
Flora of Southeastern Europe
Plants described in 1785
Marianne Strauß may refer to:

Marianne Strauß (née Zwicknagl; 1930–1984), wife of Franz Josef Strauss
Marianne Strauss (1923–1996), Jewish Holocaust survivor
The Linux Programming Interface: A Linux and UNIX System Programming Handbook is a book written by Michael Kerrisk, which documents the APIs of the Linux kernel and of the GNU C Library (glibc).

Book
It covers a wide array of topics dealing with the Linux operating system and operating systems in general, as well as providing a brief history of Unix and how it led  to the creation of Linux. It provides many samples of code written in the C programming language, and provides learning exercises at the end of many chapters. Kerrisk is a former writer for the Linux Weekly News and the current maintainer for the Linux man pages project.

The Linux Programming Interface is widely regarded as the definitive work on Linux system programming and has been translated into several languages. Jake Edge, writer for LWN.net, in his review of the book, said, "I found it to be extremely useful and expect to return to it frequently. Anyone who has an interest in programming for Linux will likely feel the same way." Federico Lucifredi, the product manager for the SUSE Linux Enterprise and openSUSE distributions, also praised the book, saying that "The Linux Programming Encyclopedia would have been a perfectly adequate title for it in my opinion" and called the book "…a work of encyclopedic breadth and depth, spanning in great detail concepts usually spread in a multitude of medium-sized books…" Lennart Poettering, the software engineer best known for PulseAudio and systemd, advises people to "get yourself a copy of The Linux Programming Interface, ignore everything it says about POSIX compatibility and hack away your amazing Linux software".

At FOSDEM 2016 Michael Kerrisk, the author of The Linux Programming Interface, explained some of the issues with the Linux kernel's user-space API he and others perceive. It is littered with design errors: APIs which are non-extensible, unmaintainable, overly complex, limited-purpose, violations of standards, and inconsistent. Most of those mistakes can't be fixed because doing so would break the ABI that the kernel presents to user-space binaries.

See also 

 Linux kernel interfaces
 Programming Linux Games

References

External links
 The Linux Programming Interface at the publisher's (No Starch Press) Website
 The Linux Programming Interface Description at Kerrisk's Website
 API changes
 The Linux Programming Interface Traditional Chinese Translation

Computer programming books
Books about Linux
2010 non-fiction books
No Starch Press books
Interfaces of the Linux kernel