Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Alkene carboamination is the simultaneous formation of C–N and C–C bonds across an alkene. This method represents a powerful strategy to build molecular complexity with up to two stereocenters in a single operation. Generally, there are four categories of reaction modes for alkene carboamination. The first class is cyclization reactions, which will form a N-heterocycle as a result. The second class has been well established in the last decade. Alkene substrates with a tethered nitrogen nucleophile have been used in these transformations to promote intramolecular aminocyclization. While intermolecular carboamination is extremely hard, people have developed a strategy to  combine the nitrogen and carbon part, which is known as the third class. The most general carboamination, which takes three individual parts and couples them together is still underdeveloped.

Reaction mechanisms
Different transition metals have been used to catalyze carboamination reactions, including palladium, copper, and rhodium etc. The reaction mechanism varies with different transition metals. For palladium-catalyzed carboamination reactions, Pd(0)/Pd(II) and Pd(II)/Pd(IV) catalytic cycles are the most common mechanisms that have been proposed.

The reaction mode for the key aminopalladation step is different in these two cases. In Wolfe’s chemistry, which is known as the Pd(0)/Pd(II) catalytic system, syn-aminopalladation is observed. While in the Pd(II)/Pd(IV) catalytic system, which was developed by Forrest Michael, anti-aminopalladation was observed. It is believed that the pH of the reaction will affect the existing form of the amine nucleophile, which will determine whether the nitrogen coordinates with palladium center or not during the aminopalladation step. For the C–H activation step in Pd(II)/Pd(IV) chemistry, since there is no directing effect on the aromatic ring, large excess of arenes are required. 

In 2015, Rovis and coworkers reported a rhodium-catalyzed intermolecular carboamination. In this reaction, enoxyphthalimide was used to serve as both the nitrogen and carbon source. The reaction mechanism is proposed in the paper (vide infra).
In 2017, Liu and coworkers reported a copper-catalyzed three component carboamination reaction of styrenes. In the meantime, Engle and coworkers published a palladium-catalyzed three component carboamination reaction using directing group strategy. These two works are the very rare examples of three component carboamination reactions.

Applications
Carboamination is an efficient method to access nitrogen-containing molecules, especially N-heterocycles. (+)-Preussin, a pyrrolidine alkaloid, can be easily prepared via this methodology.

(–)-Tylophorine is another example, which can be synthesized using carboamination reaction.

References

Alkene complexes
Organic reactions
In fair division problems, spite is a phenomenon that occurs when a player's value of an allocation decreases when one or more other players' valuation increases.  Thus, other things being equal, a player exhibiting spite will prefer an allocation in which other players receive less than more (if more of the good is desirable).

In this language, spite is difficult to analyze because one has to assess two sets of preferences.  For example, in the divide and choose method, a spiteful player would have to make a trade-off between depriving his opponent of cake, and getting more himself.

Within the field of sociobiology, spite is used to describe those social behaviors that have a negative impact on both the actor and recipient(s). Spite can be favored by kin selection when: (a) it leads to an indirect benefit to some third party that is sufficiently related to the actor (Wilsonian spite); or (b) when it is directed primarily at negatively related individuals (Hamiltonian spite). Negative relatedness occurs when two individuals are less related than average.

In game theory
The iterated prisoner's dilemma provides an example where players may "punish" each other for failing to cooperate in previous rounds, even if doing so would cause negative consequences for both players. For example, the simple "tit for tat" strategy has been shown to be effective in round-robin tournaments of iterated prisoner's dilemma.

In industrial relations
There is always difficulty in fairly dividing the proceeds of a business between the business owners and the employees.

When a trade union decides to call a strike, both employer and the union members lose money (and may damage the national economy). The unionists hope that the employer will give in to their demands before such losses have destroyed the business.

In the reverse direction, an employer may terminate the employment of certain productive workers who are agitating for higher wages or organising a trade union. Losing productive workers is a setback to both the business and the employees but this can serve as an example to others and thus maximise employer power.

In behavioral ecology
Polyembryonic wasps, including C. floridanum, exhibit spite through instances of precocious larval development.  Spite provides an explanation for how natural selection can favor harmful behaviors that are costly to both the actor and the recipient; spite is typically considered a form of altruism that benefits a secondary recipient.  Two criteria demonstrate that spite is truly occurring: (i) the behavior is truly costly to the actor and does not provide a long-term direct benefit; and (ii) harming behaviors are directed toward relatively unrelated individuals.

See also
 Appeal to spite
 Hamilton's rule
 Spite (sentiment)

References

Foster, K.R., Wenseleers, T. & Ratnieks, F.L.W. (2001) Spite: Hamilton's unproven theory. Annales Zoologici Fennici, p. 38,229-238. 
Gardner, A. & West, S.A. (2006) Spite. Current Biology, p. 16,R662-R664.

Fair division
Game theory
Sicklauddsbron (Swedish: "The Bridge of Cape Sickla") or Apatêbron ("Bridge Apatê") is a bridge in central Stockholm, Sweden. It stretches over Sickla kanal in Södra Hammarbyhamnen.  The name Sickla is believed to be derived from a 15th-century provincial word, sik, meaning "minor marsh".  The bridge is named Apatê, a Greek word meaning mirage or illusion.  Designed by the architects Magnus Ståhl,  Erik Andersson (architect), and Jelena Mijanovic, it was awarded the European Steel Design Award in 2003.

Sicklauddsbron is a stainless steel pedestrian bridge, 62 metres in length.   The load-bearing sections are made of 80 tonnes hot-rolled duplex stainless steel gauge plates, 25 mm thick, which were water cut, flanged, and welded before being reassembled on the site. From the concrete abutments tension cables stretches the central part of the bridge, an arched box girder triangular in section. The lighting is built-in into the stainless steel handrails, while the pathway is covered with asphalt.

See also 
 List of bridges in Stockholm
 Danviksbron
 Sickla kanalbro

References

External links 
 steelconstruct.com - Bridge Apatê Brief description. 
 ljusdesign.com - Pedestrian bridge "Apatê" - Night view of the bridge. 
 - Erik Andersson Architects"  

Bridges in Stockholm
Pedestrian bridges in Sweden
Hyphessobrycon columbianus (Colombian tetra or blue-red Colombian tetra) is a species of Tropical freshwater fish of the characin family. The Colombian tetra is native to the Acandi River near Acandí) in northwestern Colombia. The Colombian tetra's habitat tends to be slow-flowing creeks and tributaries.

Only recently introduced to the aquarium trade, it is one of the more expensive tetras.
They will generally get on with most other aquarium fish and will shoal with other types of tetra. However, they have been observed to harass smaller fish on occasions.

Description

Growing to about  total length, the Colombian tetra is silver-grey in colour. It has a turquoise blue tinge of increasing intensity from the lateral line upwards, which becomes a prominent stripe across the anterior dorsal ridge. The fins are predominantly scarlet red but the colour will fade as the fish rests.  The anal fin is usually edged with black, and both dorsal and caudal fins have whitish tips. It resembles Hyphessobrycon ecuadorensis from western Ecuador, and prior to the description of H. columbianus in 2002, the latter had generally been confused with the former.

In the aquarium

The Colombian tetra is generally a hardy, adaptable fish and has a lifespan of 3 to 5 years. It eats all common aquarium foods such as flake food, frozen and freeze-dried foods and small live foods. They prefer neutral or slightly acidic water at around 24-26 °C. The recommended tank volume is about 30 US gallons (114 L). Although they have been known to harass other fish, the likelihood of this happening is greatly reduced if they are kept in groups of six or more, preferably 10. The Colombian tetra can be bred in a similar way to other species in the genus.

External links
 Aqua Article
 Fishindex Species Summary

Hyphessobrycon
Freshwater fish of Colombia
Fishkeeping
Taxa named by Axel Zarske
Taxa named by Jacques Géry
Fish described in 2002
"Si No Le Contesto" ()  is a lead single by the reggaeton duo Plan B off their third studio album, House of Pleasure. The song has a remix featuring reggaeton
artist Tony Dize & the reggaeton duo Zion & Lennox. In the remix version of the song, Tony Dize and Zion sing the verse of the song where Chencho sings but Chencho gets a new verse in the song. Although the remix speaks of the album, House of Pleasure, it isn't in it. Both the original and the remix has a music video.  The song peaked at number 8 on the Billboard Latin charts and remained on the charts for 102 weeks.

Music videos
In the music video it shows a woman named Andrea trying to get a hold of Chencho. She asks why he can't come over with her. He doesn't answer. She thinks about what he could be doing at his hotel. Maldy is singing the song along with Chencho. They go to many places on their tour and the woman gets more suspicious. Chencho gets into an elevator, the woman stops it from closing and then hugs Chencho and the video ends with "Fin" (English: End).

In the music video's remix it has Plan B, Tony Dize and Zion & Lennox sing during the music video and starts with a sign of "House of Pleasure" which is like their album, House of Pleasure. The video has Chencho and Maldy dance in a different place with a lighter scene wearing top hats and dancing with umbrellas in a fake rain shower. The producer of both songs, Haze, is in both the original and remix video.

Chart performance

Certifications

Versions
Si No Le Contesto Plan B - 3:07
Si No Le Contesto (Remix) feat. Tony Dize & Zion & Lennox - 4:28
Si No Le Contesto (Remix Crossover) feat. Lumidee & DyNasty - 4:24

References

External links
 
 
 Music Video Spanish

2010 songs
Spanish-language songs
Reggaeton songs
Zion (artist) songs
Clermont is an unincorporated community in Prince County, Prince Edward Island, Canada.

References

Populated coastal places in Canada
Communities in Prince County, Prince Edward Island
The Organisation of Marxist–Leninists of Greece (), known by its Greek acronym OMLE (ΟΜΛΕ), was a Greek anti-revisionist Marxist-Leninist political movement, which split from the Communist Party of Greece in 1964, opposing Soviet revisionism.

OMLE emerged from the merger of exiled Greek communist in the former Soviet Union and the other Eastern bloc countries with a Greek communist group which was publishing the magazine  Anagenisi (, 'Renaissance').

After Mao Zedong's death, in 1976, OMLE came into a major crisis and split in two major parties: Communist Party of Greece (Marxist-Leninist) and the Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of Greece, the latter party following the Three Worlds Theory.

See also
 Communist Party of Greece/Marxist–Leninist

1964 establishments in Greece
1976 disestablishments in Greece

Defunct communist parties in Greece
Anti-revisionist organizations
Stalinist parties
Maoist parties
Far-left politics in Greece
Maoist organizations in Greece
Political parties disestablished in 1976
Political parties established in 1964
HMS Briton was a  wooden screw corvette built for the Royal Navy in the late 1860s.

Notes

Footnotes

Bibliography

External links
Briton at William Loney website
Briton at the Naval Database website

Ships built in Sheerness
Corvettes of the Royal Navy
1869 ships
Victorian-era corvettes of the United Kingdom
Philippe Reypens (born 2 October 1969) in Brussels, is a Belgian producer and director.

Biography 

Philippe Reypens was educated at Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), where he studied journalism and screenwriting.

A former choir boy and music lover, his first films were about vocal music. In 1998, backed by a handful of TV channels such as Arte he directed L'or des anges, a docu-fiction on boy choral tradition in Western Europe. A number of famous vocal groups were featured, such as the Vienna Boys' Choir, the Knabenchor Hannover or The Little Singers of Paris (aka manécanterie des petits chanteurs à la croix de bois). The film met with success on TV channels and was sold in eight countries, e.g. Canada, U.S.A. and Japan.

Philippe Reypens took this reflection on the human voice further with Un peu de fièvre, a short film on a former sopranoi soloist growing into a cellist after his voice break. It was awarded the Best Short Movie Award by Radio Télévision Belge de la Communauté Française (RTBF)

In 2004, he engaged in a polemic discussion against the director and producer of the movie The Chorus, about the inspiration of the project and of given scenes, this following the publishing of a compilation of his own works (Le monde des choristes), which were preparatory works for a feature film.

In 2006, again backed by Arte, , he produced and directed Le songe (The Dream), a medium-length fiction which investigates themes such as photography and artistic creation.

In 2012, he directed Eliot, the last part of a trilogy, this time on the spark of a movie maker's vocation. It was partially financed through a campaign of crowdfunding. It was broadcast on many french-speaking TV channels such as BeTV, TV5 Monde and RTBF.

Filmography (director and producer) 
 1989 : Hommage à la photographie (Short film)
 1997 : Le Duo des chats (short film) featured on the DVD "L'or des anges"
 1998 : L'Or des anges ( Docufiction )
 2002 : Rejoice (documentary film)
 2003 : Un peu de fièvre (short film)
 2006 : Le Songe (short film)
 2013 : Eliot (medium length film)

References

External links 
 
 Notice sur le site du British Film Institute
 Site officiel

Catégorie:Belgian director
Catégorie:Belgian producer
Catégorie:Born october 1969
Catégorie:Born in Brussels
Catégorie:Graduated from université libre de Bruxelles

1969 births
Living people
Brian J. Dunn (born 1959/1960) is an American businessman who was the chief executive officer of Best Buy, from April 2009 to April 2012, having worked there since 1985.  He has also been on the board of directors of Dick's Sporting Goods since June 2006 and on the board of directors of the Best Buy Children's Foundation.

Dunn started working when he was 14 at a grocery store and did not attend college. He began at Best Buy when he was 24 as a salesman in 1985, when Best Buy had only a few stores.  Dunn's mother, Ethel, was an accountant at Best Buy.

In 1989, Dunn became a store manager and in 1990 a district manager in Minnesota. He was promoted to regional manager for Ohio, Indianapolis and Philadelphia stores in 1996, and in May, 1998, rose to regional vice president of the northeastern region, leading Best Buy’s entry into that market. In March 2000, he was promoted to senior vice president of division 3 retail sales, encompassing all of Best Buy’s east coast operations. He was named executive vice president of U.S. retail in 2002, and president of North America retail in December 2004. Finally, he rose to chief executive officer, replacing Brad Anderson on June 24, 2009.

In April 2012, Brian Dunn resigned as Best Buy's CEO during an internal company investigation into allegations of personal misconduct stemming from an inappropriate relationship with a female Best Buy employee.

References

Living people
Year of birth uncertain
20th-century births
American retail chief executives
Businesspeople from Minnesota
Best Buy people
American chief operating officers
Parartemia contracta is a species of fairy shrimp in the family Parartemiidae and is commonly found in Australia.

In IUCN terms, the conservation status of Parartemia contracta is "VU" (vulnerable). Meaning that the species faces a high risk of endangerment in the medium term.

References

Further reading

 

Anostraca
Articles created by Qbugbot
Crustaceans described in 1941
The Boankra Inland Port is an Inland port-Dry port  near the Ghanaian city of Kumasi.

Timeline 
 2008 - project stalled in 2008 and is to be completed in 2015.

See also 
 Transport in Ghana
 Ghana Railway Corporation

References 

Dry ports
Buildings and structures in Kumasi
Ports and harbours of Ghana
Road transport in Ghana
Boris "Bob" Yavitz (June 4, 1923, Tbilisi – February 14, 2009) was the dean of Columbia Business School from 1975 to 1982.  He was credited with restoring the reputation and stability of the school, which had been suffering from a divisive atmosphere before his accession.  He also served as the deputy chairman and director of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York from 1977 to 1982.

Yavitz was born in Tbilisi and raised in Tel Aviv. He received a degree at the University of Cambridge. During World War II he served in the British Navy, then attended Columbia where he received a master's degree in engineering and doctorate in business.

References

1923 births
2009 deaths
Columbia Business School faculty
Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Columbia Business School alumni
Soviet emigrants to Mandatory Palestine
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Mandatory Palestine expatriates in the United Kingdom
Mandatory Palestine emigrants to the United States
20th-century American academics
is a railway station in the city of Mutsu, Aomori Prefecture, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It was formerly also the terminal station for the Shimokita Kōtsu Company's , which closed in 2001 and was replaced by a bus line.

Lines
Shimokita Station is served by the Ōminato Line, and is located 55.5 kilometers from the terminus of the Ōminato Line at Noheji Station.

Station layout
The station has one ground-level island platform, of which only one side is in use, serving bidirectional traffic. The other side of the platform was formerly used for the now-defunct Ōhata Line. The station building is attended, and has a Midori no Madoguchi staffed ticket office as well as an automatic ticket machine.

History
Shimokita Station opened on December 6, 1939 as a station on the Japanese Government Railways (JGR). All freight operations were discontinued as of December 1, 1983. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR) on April 1, 1987, it came under the operational control of JR East. The station building was completely rebuilt in 2009.

Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2018, the station was used by an average of 193 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

Surrounding area
Mutsu City Hall
Mutsu City Library
Mutsu Post Office
Mutsu General Hospital

See also
 List of railway stations in Japan

References

External links

  

Railway stations in Aomori Prefecture
Ōminato Line
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1939
Mutsu, Aomori
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1668 (XVI) was an act of the UN General Assembly that deemed the issue of Chinese representation at the UN an "important question" under the UN Charter; therefore any proposal to change of recognition either to the People's Republic of China from the Republic of China and designated as such as the representation of all of China at the UN would hence require a two-thirds majority of all voting members. The impetus for UN Resolution 1668 (1961) was raised by Australia, Colombia, Italy, Japan, and the United States and passed with 61 UN Member States voting in its favor, 34 UN Member States voted against it, 7 UN Member States abstaining, and 2 UN Member States non-voting. The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations was signed by the Republic of China on 18 April 1961 and ratified on 19 December 1969. The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations is the cornerstone of modern-day diplomacy since the Vienna Congress and followed by the UN.

Representation of China in the United Nations 

The General Assembly,

Noting that a serious divergence of views exists among Member States concerning the representation of a founder Member who is named in the Charter of the United Nations,

Recalling that this matter has been described repeatedly in the General Assembly by all segments of opinion as vital and crucial and that on numerous occasions its inclusion in the agenda has been requested under rule 15 of the Assembly's rules of procedure as an item of an important and urgent character,

Recalling further the recommendation contained in its resolution 396 (V) of 14 December 1950 that, whenever more than one authority claims to be the government entitled to represent a Member State in the United Nations and this question becomes the subject of controversy in the United Nations, the question should be considered in the light of the purposes and principles of the Charter and the circumstances of each case,

Decides, in accordance with Article 18 of the Charter of the United Nations, that any proposal to change the representation of China is an important question.

1080th plenary meeting,
15 December 1961

See also 
 United Nations General Assembly Resolution 505

External links 

 RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY DURING ITS SIXTEENTH SESSION 1623-1747
 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations signed and ratified by Republic of China

1668
1961 in law
General Assembly Resolution 1688
1961 in the United Nations
is a Japanese footballer who plays for Vanraure Hachinohe.

Club statistics
Updated to 23 February 2019.

References

External links

Profile at Roasso Kumamoto
Profile at Azul Claro Numazu
Profile at Fujieda MYFC

1992 births
Living people
Komazawa University alumni
Association football people from Kumamoto Prefecture
Japanese men's footballers
J2 League players
J3 League players
Roasso Kumamoto players
Azul Claro Numazu players
Fujieda MYFC players
Men's association football midfielders