Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Scientific American Frontiers was an American science television program aired by PBS from 1990 to 2005. The show was a companion program to the Scientific American magazine, and primarily covered new technology and discoveries in science and medicine. The Chedd-Angier Production Company, which had recently produced Discover: The World of Science, produced the show for PBS. Frontiers typically aired once every two to four weeks.

Hosts

The show first aired on October 1, 1990, with MIT professor Woodie Flowers hosting until the spring of 1993. Actor Alan Alda became the permanent host from the fall season of 1993 and continued until the show ended in 2005. The show was also billed as Alan Alda in Scientific American Frontiers. In one segment, Alda became car sick while driving an experimental, virtual reality vehicle. In 2005, in his memoir, Never Have Your Dog Stuffed: and Other Things I've Learned, Alda recalls his intestines becoming strangulated while in the mountains of Chile for the show, an incident in which he nearly died due to the remote location.

Format

Most programs included three short documentaries, but some shows follow a different pattern. Some young viewers of the program later appeared as adult guests in later series, stating that the program inspired them to continue their scientific pursuits. The shows are now available online at the Chedd-Angier website.

Episodes

Season 1 (1990-91)

Season 2 (1991-92)

Season 3 (1992-93)

Season 4 (1993-94)

Season 5 (1994-95)

Season 6 (1995-96)

Season 7 (1996-97)

Season 8 (1997-98)

Season 9 (1998-99)

Season 10 (1999-2000)

Season 11 (2000-01)

Season 12 (2001-02)

Season 13 (2002-03)

Season 14 (2004)

Season 15 (2005)

Sources

External links
, where all shows and transcripts are freely available for viewing.
Archived site - contains extra interviews, behind-the-scenes information.

References

PBS original programming
1990s American documentary television series
2000s American documentary television series
1990 American television series debuts
2005 American television series endings
Scientific American
Television shows based on magazines
Mustafa Edige Kirimal (birth name Edige Szynkiewicz; 1911 in Bakhchysarai – 22 April 1980 in Munich) was a Crimean-born Lipka-Tatar politician.

Kirimal is best known for his meticulous research and publications on the history of Crimean Tatars in the first half of the 20th century. He served as the editor of Dergi, one of the publications of the Institute for the Study of the USSR in Munich, and was among the first scholars to explore the fate of ethnic minorities living in the Soviet Union.

Early life 
Edige's father Mustafa Shinkievich, who was descended from a Lipka Tatar family, had moved to Crimea before World War I. He was a descendant of soldiers under the command of the Golden Horde Khan Toktamish who had fled to Lithuania in the late 14th century.

Born in Bahçesaray in 1911, Edige received his early education in Dereköy, near Yalta and graduated from the Russian gymnasium in Yalta. He enrolled in the Institute of Pedagogy in Simferopol, now the Crimea State Medical University, but his involvement in Crimean Tatar nationalist activities made it impossible for him to remain in Crimea.

Exile Years 

The Soviet repression, marked by the arrest, execution and deportation of thousands of Tatars, forced Edige to flee to Azerbaijan and then to Iran. He arrived in Istanbul in 1932. Two years later, he joined his uncle Yakup Shinkievich, who was serving in Vilnius, a city then under Polish rule. Edige graduated from the University of Vilnius with a degree in political science in 1939. Following the invasion of Poland by German forces in September 1939, he left for Berlin and then for Istanbul. During the German occupation of Ukraine and Crimea (1941–44), Kirimal was active in Germany, trying to secure rights and protection for the Crimean Tatars, and later helped refugees from Crimea settle in German camps. Gerhard von Mende gave him the title "President of the Crimean Tatar National Central Committee".

After World War 

After World War II ended, Kirimal pursued his graduate studies and received his doctorate degree from the University of Münster in Germany. His often quoted monograph, 'Der Nationale Kampf der Krim-türken - The National Struggle of the Crimean Tatars' (Emsdetten/Westfalen, 1952), was based on his dissertation. He joined the staff of the newly founded Institute for the Study of the USSR (Institut zur Erforschung de UdSSR) in Munich in 1954 and became the editor of "Dergi", the Institute's publication in Turkish. Kirimal published numerous articles on the history of Crimean Tatars under Russian and Soviet rule.

He was fluent in Turkish, Polish and German. He retired in 1972 when the Institute closed, and died in 1980 in Munich, where he was living in exile. His body was transported from Munich to Simferopol via Istanbul by the Westeuropean Crimean Tatar Cultural Center in 2007, 27 years later.

External Links 

1911 births
1980 deaths
People from Bakhchysarai Raion
Soviet people of Polish descent
Soviet people of Lipka Tatar descent
Soviet historians
Soviet Muslims
Soviet emigrants to Germany
Tatar collaborators with Nazi Germany
Portugal
 Angola – José Gonçalo da Gama, Governor of Angola (1779–1782)
 Macau –
 Jose Vicente da Silveira Meneses, Governor of Macau (1778–1780)
 Antonio Jose da Costa, Governor of Macau (1780–1781)

Colonial governors
Colonial governors
1780
Events in the year 1994 in Gabon.

Incumbents 

 President: Omar Bongo Ondimba
 Prime Minister: Casimir Oyé-Mba (until 2 November), Paulin Obame-Nguema (from 2 November)

Events 

 The Common Movement for Development was founded by Paul Biyoghé Mba.

Deaths

References 

 
1990s in Gabon
Years of the 20th century in Gabon
Gabon
Sougères-en-Puisaye (, literally Sougères in Puisaye) is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France, in the natural region of Forterre - even though its name refers to neighboring Puisaye.

Inhabitants are "Sougérois" and "Sougéroise".

Geography 
Sougères-en-Puisaye has few hamlets: "Les Simons" (close to the village), "Chauminet", "Pesselières", "Les Billards" and "Les Roches".

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

External links 

 Official Website

Communes of Yonne
Neide Dias (born 11 August 1987) is an Angolan runner who specializes in the 800 and 1500 metres.

She finished eighth at the 2004 Ibero-American Championships (400 m), sixth at the 2009 Lusophony Games (800 m), ninth at the 2015 African Games (1500 m) and eighth at the 2019 African Games (1500 m).

She also competed at the 2010 Ibero-American Championships (800 m),
2015 African Games (800 m) and the 2019 World Championships (1500 m) without reaching the final.

Her personal best times are 2:07.01 minutes in the 800 metres, achieved in June 2014 in Bilbao; and 4:17.35 minutes in the 1500 metres, achieved in June 2019 in Braga. The latter is the current Angolan record.

References

1987 births
Living people
Angolan female middle-distance runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 2015 African Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2019 African Games
African Games competitors for Angola
World Athletics Championships athletes for Angola
Charkhari is a city in Mahoba district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. This is the Kashmir of Bundelkhand. It was the capital of the Charkhari concession. There are lakes named Vijay Sagar, Malkhan Sagar, Vanshi Sagar, Jai Sagar, Ratan Sagar and Kothi Tal. There are 108 temples of Krishna giving the nature and beauty of Vraj to Charkhari city. In which Gopal Bihari temple of Sudamapuri, Guman Bihari of Ryanpur, temple of Mangalgarh, Bakht Bihari, temple of Banke Bihari and cave of Madavya Rishi are there. It is also the headquarters of Charkhari Tehsil and the name of Legislative Assembly seat is also Charkhari. Legislative Assembly constituency.

Geography
Charkhari is located at . It has an average elevation of 184 metres (603 feet). Charkhari is also known as the 'Kashmir of Bundelkhand'. The town is surrounded by many lakes. There are lakes named Vijay Sagar, Malkhan Sagar, Vanshi Sagar, Jai Sagar, Ratan Sagar and Kothi Tal.

History

Charkhari State was one of the Princely states of India during the period of the British Raj. The state was founded in 1765 by Bijai Bahadur, a Rajput of Bundela clan. On India's independence, this Princely state was acceded to India.

Demographics
 India census, Charkhari had a population of 27,760. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Charkhari has an average literacy rate of 58%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 68% and female literacy of 47%. 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.

References

External links

Cities and towns in Mahoba district
Bundelkhand
Marie Besnier Beauvalot (born July 30, 1980) is a French billionaire heiress. She is a major shareholder of Lactalis.

Early life
Marie Besnier Beauvalot was born in 1980. Her father, Michel Besnier, was the CEO of Lactalis from 1955 to 2000. Her paternal grandfather, André Besnier, founded the Besnier Group (later known as Lactalis) in 1933. She has two brothers: Emmanuel Besnier, who is the CEO of Lactalis, and Jean-Michel Besnier.

Career
Besnier inherited 100% of Lactalis with her brothers in 2000. As of 2018, she is worth an estimated US$5.6 billion.

Personal life
Besnier is married. She resides in Laval, Mayenne, France.

References

1980 births
Living people
People from Laval, Mayenne
French businesspeople
French billionaires
Female billionaires
Marie
DMW Motorcycles was a British motorcycle manufacturer. Based in Wolverhampton, DMW was founded in 1940.  The company took over Ambassador Motorcycles in 1963 and continued production until they closed the company in 1965. Although DMW ceased motorcycle production in 1971, it was noted for trials and racing machines and many DMWs can still be seen at UK sporting events. DMW produced about 15,000 motorcycles and several other manufacturers used DMW forks and engines.

History
Founded by Leslie "Smokey" Dawson who was granted British patents on rear swinging arm suspension, dual brakes and tele -matic front forks.  As Dawson Motors Wolverhampton in 1940, DMW fabricated and fitted  new swing arm kits to existing machines.  Dawson's Telematic -forks, which were telescopic spring and pneumatic front forks that could be'retro-fitted' as a replacement to standard 'girder' forks. In 1943 Dawson added rear suspension options which he would fit in his Wolverhampton workshop. After the Second World War ended in 1945 Smokey Dawson began building D.M.W. grass track racing motorcycles  machines with 350 cc and 500 cc JAP engines.  Dawson went into partnership with former AJS and Vincent man Harold Nock to build light two-stroke motorcycles. Leslie Dawson was unsuccessful in raising venture capital and emigrated to Canada in 1948.  Leslie died in Ellesmere Port on 6 January 1989.

Leslie was replaced by former BSA engineer Mike Riley, who won the 1948 Scottish Trial on a 200 cc DMW. Production moved to Harold Nock's premises in Sedgley and a 122 cc DMW with a Villiers engine was launched in 1950. These were entered in and won numerous competitions and DMW exhibited at the Earls Court Motor Cycle Show in 1952 with three road motorcycles and three racing bikes. Production then switched to a larger factory in nearby Sedgley, the base of Metal Profiles Ltd.

A range of relatively successful two-stroke models were produced throughout the 1960s, notably the DMW  Dolomite.  DMW production ended in 1971 and Harold Nock sold the company in 1975 to Graham Beddall and Ivan Dyke, who concentrated on engineering and selling parts, although they did build one-off competition motorcycles, and a DMW 250 cc won the Midland Centre Group Trials in 1976 and 1977. Beddall and Dyke retained ownership of the DMW name until 2001, when it was wound up.

The Sedgley factory remained in use until the mid 1990s, and stood derelict for several years before it was finally demolished in the summer of 2002 to make way for new private housing.

Models

References

External links
 Gallery and review of DMV models
 DMW Sales Catalogues
 The 'Sedgeley Motorcycle Company' (DMW)

Motorcycle manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of England
Manufacturing companies based in Wolverhampton
A car jockey, also known as traffic jockey and known in Indonesian as joki three-in-one (referring to the "three in one" rule, the term used for high-occupancy vehicle rule), was someone in Indonesia who had resorted to informal employment to bypass the gridlock that grips Indonesia's largest cities, especially Greater Jakarta. They were paid by drivers to ride on vehicles, so that those vehicles would be qualified to use high-occupancy vehicle lane.  Like atappers and ojeks, it was one method Indonesians have become accustomed to in their daily commuting struggle.

How it works
A car jockey solicits by the side of the road a random commuter who does not have enough passengers to legally use a carpool lane.  The jockey offers to go along with the commuter for a fixed price.  This was a way to bypass carpool restrictions requiring a certain number of passengers.  It also offers the poor a way of making money without formal work.  As passengers, babies also make money for their parents.

Jakarta carpool rule suspension
In April 2016 Jakarta suspended the "3-in-1" rule that had created the demand for the car jockeys, leading to unemployment for jockeys, some of whom had been doing this work for years. On August 30, 2016, an odd–even rationing (ganjil-genap) system began to replace "3-in-1" rule, after a successful trial. Odd plate numbers can enter former "3-in-1" areas on odd days and even plate numbers on even ones.

References

Transport in Jakarta
The , Akihabara Radio Hall is a commercial building in Tokyo, Japan and is one of the most well-known landmarks in the Akihabara district. The recent building was built in 2014 after the old building was demolished in 2011. The building is 46.5 m high, is ten levels from the ground floor and has two basement levels. The current building primarily hosts stores selling otaku goods.

The old 8-story building was built in November 1962 becoming the first high rise building in Akihabara. The building became the home of electronics shops selling component and parts. After the otaku culture started to establish itself in Akihabara, shops selling otaku goods moved into Radio Kaikan.

Concerns were raised in 2010 regarding the structural integrity of Radio Kaikan due to the building's age. The building was closed for demolition in August 2011 and a new building was built in its place.

In popular culture
 The building plays a prominent role in the Steins;Gate franchise.

References

Rebuilt buildings and structures in Japan
Commercial buildings completed in 1962
Commercial buildings completed in 2014
Akihabara
1962 establishments in Japan
Buildings and structures demolished in 2011
Demolished buildings and structures in Japan
2014 establishments in Japan
Buildings and structures in Chiyoda, Tokyo
The Valley Ice Garden was a 3,500-seat multi-purpose arena in Bozeman, Montana. It was built in 1996. It was home to the Big Sky Thunder of the National Indoor Football League team in 2006.

The arena was sold in May 2006 to Cardinal Distributing of Bozeman, Montana. It closed at the end of August 2006 to be renovated into a cold storage warehouse.

The Ice Garden was home to the NAHL's Bozeman Icedogs, the Bozeman Figure Skating Club, and the Gallatin Valley Hockey Club (But in 2005 BAHA and GVHC formed clubs and are now called the "Jr. Icedogs"). The facility was also hosts to numerous camps, clinics, tournaments, concerts, trade shows, and other community events throughout the course of the year.

External links
Bozeman Icedogs
Gallatin Valley Hockey Club
Bozeman Amateur Hockey Association

Indoor ice hockey venues in Montana
Buildings and structures in Bozeman, Montana
Defunct sports venues in Montana
Sports in Bozeman, Montana
Indoor arenas in Montana
1996 establishments in Montana
Sports venues completed in 1996
The 2010–11 Huws Gray Alliance season began on 13 August 2010 and was originally scheduled to end on 2 April 2011. Due to adverse weather conditions, no league games took place between 12 December and the beginning of January, causing a lot of fixtures to be rearranged and creating the possibility of the season being extended. The season was eventually extended to 3 May 2011.

Teams

League table

Results

References

External links
 Huws Gray Alliance

2010–11
2
Vikrāntavarman III was a king of Champa, reigning from 817 to around 854. 

Vikrantavarman  was a son of king Harivarman I (r. 802–817). In 813 he was appointed by his father position ruler (Adhipati) of Pāṇḍuraṅga Principality (Phan Rang), and became king of mandala Champa in 817. He performed rituals and presented gifts (rice fields) dedicating for the temple of Śiva, worshipped under the names of Vikrāntarudreśvara and Vikrāndevādhibhadreśvara in the Po Nagar temple, praising the king's ancestors. His inscriptions are typically very short. Nothing more is known about him.

A inscription dating from 829 AD in Bakul, Ninh Thuận mentions shrines built for worship Śiva and the Buddha, as they correspondingly forming the basis of local beliefs.

Suddenly, from 854 all southern inscriptions had vanished for unknown reasons. There was a 20-years break between year 854 and year 875. By 875, information again popped up in the Thu Bon River Valley under the new Buddhist ruler whose personal named Laksmindra Bhumiçvara Gramasvamin.

References

Bibliography
 
 

Kings of Champa
Simo-Pekka Olli (born November 13, 1985) is a professional volleyball player from Finland.

He has played three seasons in Italy A1-league. Sempre Volley Padova was his club years 2005–2008. After that he came back to Finland because he must perform military service. In Finland military service is mandatory for all men.

Career 

Olli started his career as a fourteen-year-old in Varkaus. First he played middle-blocker but the youth national teams coach saw his good set and moved him to setter. His first season in Finland Champion league was 2004–2005. He played in Raision Loimu where he won Finland Cup-Champion and became 4th place in the league. In Raisio Loimu played at the same time as brothers Mikko and Matti Oivanen. After one season in Finland he signed a contract with Italy A1-league.

The team was Sempre Volley Padova where set too other Finland player Mikko Esko. After one season in Padova Olli changed his team to Bergamo Volley. Olli was credit in Bergamo because he had three years contract with Padova. After Bergamo year Olli come back to Padova and played his last contract season.

National team 

Olli played his first national team game in summer 2005. Finland played European league then and come second place in league. The league jury chose Olli best setter in league that year. Now Olli has 30 national team games.

Palmares 

Personal

 European league-best setter 2005
 Best youth player in Finland 2003

Team

 4th place in European Championships 2007
 Finland Cup-Champion 2004, 2014
 Finland Volleyball League 3. (2010), 2. (2014)

Teams 

 2004–2005 Raision Loimu (FIN)
 2005–2008 Sempre Volley Padova (ITA)
 2008–2011 Raision Loimu (FIN)
 2011–2012 Fenice Volley Isernia (ITA)
 2011–2012 Volley Tonno Callipo (ITA)
 2012–2013 Raision Loimu (FIN)
 2013–2014 Kokkolan Tiikerit (FIN)

References

1985 births
Living people
People from Varkaus
Finnish men's volleyball players
Finnish expatriates in Italy
Sportspeople from North Savo
Scleropogon kelloggi is a species of robber flies (insects in the family Asilidae).It is found Texas and Arizona.

References

Asilidae
Articles created by Qbugbot
The Château des Junies is a castle in the commune of Les Junies in the Lot département of France.

This small castle, whose construction seems to date from the 13th century, has undergone various substantial transformations, notably in the 16th century, when large double windows were opened up on the first floor, and during the 18th century. The lowest floor, which was used as a cellar and, probably, stables, extends beneath the whole of the castle. It is entirely barrel vaulted and several murder-holes indicate that this floor was used for defence. The garden level is about 1m30 higher, so the lower floor is partly below ground. It is likely that the castle was surrounded by moats, later filled in. Access to the first floor is by a staircase in the west tower. The interior was greatly altered during the 18th century and maintains decoration from that period. The attic floor was dedicated to defence, though the external crenellation has disappeared. The top of the east tower has been removed. On the eastern side of the east tower, there is evidence of the existence of attached buildings which have been destroyed at some time. This tower has also been reduced in height.

Château des Junies is privately owned and is not open to the public. It has been listed since 1925 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.

See also
List of castles in France

References

External links
 

Castles in Lot
Châteaux in Lot (department)
Monuments historiques of Lot (department)
Bios or BIOS may refer to:

Arts, entertainment, and media
 Bios (album), the third album by Costa Rican music group Gandhi
Bios (novel), a 1999 science fiction novel by Robert Charles Wilson
BIOS, the original title of the 2021 American science fiction drama film Finch
 BIOS (journal), the society journal of the Tri Beta society
 BIOS Faction, a fictional group in the Allegiance video game
 "BIOS", a track on Blank Banshee's 2016 album MEGA

Computing
 BIOS (Basic Input/Output System), a de facto standard firmware interface of IBM PC-compatible computers
 AMI BIOS, manufactured by American Megatrends
 Award BIOS, manufactured by Award Software
 BIOS (CP/M), the BIOS in the CP/M family of operating systems
 Insyde BIOS, manufactured by Insyde Software
 Phoenix BIOS, manufactured by Phoenix Technologies
 DOS-BIOS, the equivalent of the CP/M component in some DOS operating systems, IBMBIO.COM in PC DOS
 IO.SYS, in MS-DOS
 NetBIOS

Organisations
 Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
 Biological Innovation for Open Society
 BIOS-3, a closed ecosystem at the Institute of Biophysics in Krasnoyarsk, Russia
 BIOS Centre for the Study of Bioscience, Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Society, at the London School of Economics, United Kingdom
 British Institute of Organ Studies, for the study and appreciation of pipe organs

Other uses
 Bios (philosophy), a philosophical concept of Giorgio Agamben
 Biographies, or bios

See also
 Bio (disambiguation)
 ROS (disambiguation)