極限美式足球聯賽

極限橄欖球聯賽、極限足球聯賽（英文：Extreme Football League）、X 聯賽（英文：X League），是美國女子七人制室內美式足球聯盟，比賽於春季和夏季在 NBA、NFL、NHL 和 MLS 的場館舉行。建立於 2009 年，名為內衣橄欖球聯賽、內衣美式足球聯賽（英文：Lingerie Football League，縮寫：LFL），2013 年改為傳奇橄欖球聯賽（英文：Legends Football League，縮寫：LFL）。

2019 年 12 月 13 日，聯盟宣佈將不舉辦 2020 賽季 並以目前名稱重組，新球隊大多位於與 2019 LFL 賽季相同的地點。2021 年由於 2019 冠狀病毒病美國疫情該聯盟也沒有運作。2022 年 6 月持續到 9 月的賽季由 8 支球隊競爭，最終贏得了重組後聯盟的首個冠軍。

自 2021 年起，該聯盟由前國家美式橄欖球聯盟球員、職業美式足球名人堂入選者擁有。也於 2022 年 5 月任命為所有者。

該聯賽計劃於 2025 年以鏟球和腰旗橄欖球混合形式回歸。

歷史

1.1 LFL

1.1.1 2009–2012

該聯盟的概念起源於超級碗電視特別節目「」，這是按次付費電視的賽事，與超級碗中場表演相對播出。

In 2009, league chairman Mitch Mortaza expanded the concept from a single annual exhibition game to a ten-team league, branded as the Lingerie Football League, or LFL. The league operated on a similar schedule to the 國家美式橄欖球聯盟 (NFL), playing in fall and winter and played most of its games indoors with similar rules to indoor football. Many of the teams were coached by former NFL players and coaches who were already well known in their respective cities. Many of the LFL players had a background in other competitive athletics at the college and semiprofessional level, as well as some experience in tackle football from playing in other semiprofessional leagues.

最初的製服包括護肩、護肘、護膝、功能服和帶有透明塑膠護目鏡代替面罩的冰球式頭盔。內衣足球聯盟最初的製服由運動胸罩和內衣組成，這些內衣比保護性的更暴露，還添加了蕾絲、絲帶和吊襪帶作為裝飾。雖然這些制服經常受到媒體的批評，但球員對制服的使用反應通常褒貶不一，比較了其與田徑制服或沙灘排球比基尼的覆蓋範圍的相似性。The initial uniforms consisted of shoulder pads, elbow pads, knee pads, performance wear, and 冰球 - style with clear plastic visors in lieu of face masks. The original uniforms of the Lingerie Football League consisted of an athletic 胸罩 and underwear that were more revealing than protective, as well as added lace, ribbons, and s as decoration. While these uniforms were routinely criticized by media, players' reactions were typically mixed on the use of the uniforms, comparing the similarities in coverage to 田賽和徑賽 uniforms or 比基尼泳衣.

三個賽季後，聯盟宣佈將在加拿大增加一個姊妹聯賽，並於 2012 年 8 月開始比賽。

After three seasons, the league announced it was adding a companion league in Canada that began play in August 2012. It then pushed back the US season to 2013 on a spring and summer schedule, mirroring other indoor football leagues.

During the hiatus, the league announced it would change its name to the Legends Football League, retaining the LFL initials, on January 10, 2013. The league also announced that the athletes would wear "performance apparel" instead of lingerie, but the uniforms look very much the same as before. In addition to the new uniforms, redesigned shoulder pads were introduced to provide more protection for players. Other league changes included eliminating images of sexy women from team logos and changing the league tagline from "True Fantasy Football" to "Women of the Gridiron". Along with the rebrand of the league in 2013, the league also began changing the uniforms as the originals were too heavy on sex appeal, initially dropping the ribbons and garters. The league designed new ones for the 2014 season closer to more traditional 運動服，resembling uniforms similar to volleyball players, replacing the ribbons with shoelaces on the front of the top and bottom.

The LFL then began looking into a Latin American league with six franchises throughout Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina. On September 16, 2013, the LFL postponed the entire 2013 LFL Canada season until 2014 with plans to merge the US, Canada, and Mexico teams into a single league called LFL North America.

The LFL then formed another league in Australia in December 2013 and played one season. LFL Australia's debut season in the beginning of 2014 marked the debut of the new performance wear uniforms. The LFL planned to launch a fourth global league – LFL Europa – in 2015 with teams in 都柏林 (Ireland), 曼徹斯特 (England), 杜塞爾多夫 and 漢堡 (Germany). 巴塞羅那 (Spain) and 美因河畔法蘭克福 (Germany) had previously been mentioned as potential franchise cities. With four global leagues, the league announced intentions to compete in a 極限美式足球聯賽 in 聖保羅 (巴西) in 2015. By July 2014, the league planned a three leagues: LFL Americas, LFL Europa, and LFL Oceania. On June 10, 2015, the LFL announced that there would be no international play through at least 2017 with sole focus on growing the league in the US, the exception being international exhibition games to introduce prospective countries to the league.

The LFL announced new uniforms with new colors for the 2016 season. Numbers and logos were printed on the uniform as opposed to previously being sewn on. In addition, the league also announced that teams would have a choice of 偽裝 (動物學) or black alternates. In 2017, the league also added a long pants uniform in lieu of the regular bikini bottom for the final home games.

On December 13, 2019, the league announced that it would not be producing a 2020 season and would re-evaluate markets in the future. Four days later, the LFL was restructured into the Extreme Football League, which was announced to begin play in April 2020. The league size remained at eight teams, which initially were all in the same markets as the former LFL teams, but under new team identities. The were the only team listed in the X League announcement to not change names, but they were replaced by the in January 2020. As part of the league restructuring, it began offering ownership stakes to its players and coaches based on the individuals contributions and commitment to the organization, as well as revenue distribution program for merchandise featuring an individual player's likeness. The league also said it was to use 70-yard fields in a press release, although this was never implemented. The league implements a new uniform with full pads.

The league's first season was postponed to a scheduled start in June 2020 due to the 2019 冠狀病毒病疫情. In May, it had been announced that it was postponed again to April 2021. During the hiatus, the league announced had been named owner and chairman of the league, with plans on expanding into 24 US markets. The season was ultimately cancelled on May 18, 2021, pushing the league's relaunch to the summer of 2022 due to the pandemic.

The 2022 season began on June 10 with the facing the . After a nine-week regular season with a total of seven games, four teams advanced to the playoffs, with the Blitz capturing the first X Cup title on September 10 when they defeated the .

The league did not announce plans for a 2023 season and later updated their website with plans to announce a 2024 schedule in October 2023. This was later updated again to indicate a 2025 schedule, to be announced October 15, 2024

規則

比賽風格是的，與類似其它室內美式足球聯賽。

比賽時，每隊有七名球員在場上。球場距離 50 碼，寬 30 碼，深 8 碼，與其它聯賽大致相同。 許多場地的寬度剛剛超過 28 碼，因為比賽通常在經過改建的國家冰球聯盟大小的溜冰場（寬 85 英尺）進行；拆除有機玻璃，填充，冰面覆蓋著人造草坪。

There are no , except the option for an on-side kick should the game be close near the end, nor ; halves and after scores begin on team's own 15-yard line. Kicking off after every scoring drive was added before the 2013 Pacific Cup, but was removed shortly after the first game of the LFL Australia season. A team must attempt to get a first on every fourth down, or they risk a turnover. After a 達陣 (美式足球), a team can attempt a one-point conversion from the one-yard line, or a 兩分轉換 from the three-yard line. Since 2015, teams are given the option to if within their own 10 yard line; the ball is placed on the 15 or wherever it went out of bounds if the punt is not returned.

A game consists of four ten-minute quarters and a 12-minute halftime (30-minute halftime in championship). In the event of a tie, an extra 8 minute 驟死賽 period is played; whoever scores first wins the game. If still tied, the game ends as a draw, and counts as tie for both teams in the standings. In postseason games, multiple 10-minute sudden deathovertime periods are played until one team scores, which wins the game and advances to the next round or wins the championship. Teams get two timeouts per half or overtime period.

Reception

The league was met with criticism throughout its existence. Critics say the league degrades female athletes through "pernicious objectification". The uniforms received extensive criticism for their revealing nature. In an ESPN article, Sarah Spain, the co-host of espnW, wrote, "After watching these women play, I can honestly say I respect the heck out of them as athletes, but I'll still never respect the Lingerie Football League, no matter what name they give it."

LFL players with experience in 田賽和徑賽 competitions noted that the typical LFL uniform is comparable to other uniforms, with Elizabeth Govrick of the Minnesota Valkyrie stating she "ran track and I was wearing, you know, stuff if not close to almost smaller than what I'm wearing out on the football field. You take beach volleyball, you take volleyball, you take other sports where it's pretty much the same thing." Adrian Purnell of the Jacksonville Breeze said that the outfits were only for marketing purposes. Heather Furr, a quarterback for the Chicago Bliss said "I think with little girls watching the game ... if they can see past the uniform and see us as role models, then that's what I want." Abbie Sullivan of the Cleveland Crush stated, "Just because we play in the LFL does not mean we promote promiscuity. We are smart females. We are athletes who take care of our bodies. We are the total package." Similarly, Toledo Crush player Marija Condric stated, "Everyone is entitled to their own opinion. Sit down and watch. You'll forget what we are wearing and you will be thinking about how hard that girl got hit on that last play."

Other players are quoted as viewing the uniforms as a necessary evil, with one saying, "Maybe one day, girls won't have to wear lingerie to get people interested in women's football." Liz Gorman, a player with the Jacksonville Breeze, stated she would rather wear a conventional uniform: "I mean, I don't like it. You'd rather wear full clothing. I have a bunch of scrapes on me."

The league was accused in its earlier years of fining players for wearing too many clothes, as well as not paying medical bills for injured players. However, the league responded by claiming that fines were given because the equipment worn was in direct conflict with the league's sponsored gear.

The league also prohibited players from commenting on personnel matters, a rule that prompted the vast majority of the , including team captain , to quit in protest in October 2011. Originally a professional league with players receiving a cut of net revenue, Mortaza stopped paying his players beginning in the 2011 season and converted the league into an amateur organization; players must also pay for their own health insurance. League founder Mortaza admitted at one point the league was marketed toward "mostly beer-drinking college students aged 21 and up."

安全

聯盟收到了許多球員關於安全問題的投訴。由於球衣覆蓋的皮膚很少，球員更容易受傷。前內衣橄欖球運動員是其一，其中包括因重擊而受傷以及需要手術的手腕骨折。

隊伍

5.1 目前

紅魔鬼原定於 2022 賽季首次亮相，但沒參加比賽。

5.2 過往

5.2.1 X League

5.2.2 LFL US

5.2.3 LFL 加拿大

5.2.4 LFL 澳洲

賽季

6.1 2009–2010

共有 10 支球隊參賽。

Ten teams played in the inaugural . The league schedule ran from September 4, 2009, to January 29, 2010, with one game each Friday. Teams played one game each against the other four teams in their conference. The top two teams in each conference advanced to the conference championship games held on February 4, 2010, in Miami, and the conference champions played in Lingerie Bowl VII on February 6, 2010. The Western Conference defeated the Eastern Conference by the score of 27–14.

6.2 2010–2011

For the 2010–2011 season, the LFL added new franchises in and , while the New York Majesty and Denver Dream suspended operations. The 2011 Lingerie Bowl was held in 拉斯維加斯，on February 6, 2011. The Western Conference champion Los Angeles Temptation defeated Eastern Conference champion Philadelphia Passion, 26–25.

The 2011 All-Fantasy Game was held in 哈密爾頓 (安大略), on July 30, 2011, at 第一安大略中心. Trailing 18–6 in the second half, the Eastern Conference rallied to win, 24–18, over the Western Conference. Anonka Dixon, quarterback for the Orlando Fantasy, was awarded offensive MVP for her 3 touchdown passes and game-winning rushing touchdown, while Liz Gorman, a safety with the Tampa Breeze, was named defensive MVP.

6.3 2011–2012

The LFL accepted five expansion franchises – the , , , , and , while the , , and suspended operations. The season kicked off on August 26, 2011, and culminated with Lingerie Bowl IX on February 4, 2012. The LFL Eastern and Western Conference championship games were played back-to-back on January 28, 2012, at in 安大略 (加利福尼亞州). For the second straight year, the won the Western Conference championship while the won the Eastern Conference championship, setting up a rematch in the 2012 of the previous year's championship game. The 2012 Lingerie Bowl was played at in Las Vegas, in the afternoon prior to the start of 第四十六屆超級碗. The Los Angeles Temptation won its third consecutive Lingerie Bowl with a 28–6 victory over Philadelphia Passion. The Temptation's Ashley Salerno and Amber Reed were co-MVP's, with Salerno throwing three touchdown passes and Reed scoring two rushing touchdowns.

In 2012, the LFL expanded its annual "All-Fantasy" game into a three-game international series, with one game in 墨西哥 and two games in Australia. The Mexico All-Fantasy Game took place on May 5, 2012, at the in 墨西哥城；the Western Conference defeated the Eastern Conference, 37–7. The second match of the "2012 LFL All-Fantasy Tour" took place in 布里斯班，on June 2, 2012, at the 布里斯本會展中心；the Western Conference again emerged victorious, this time by a 45–36 score. The Western Conference took a 3–0 series sweep with a 31–24 victory in the third and final "All-Fantasy" match in 悉尼，on June 9, 2012, at 悉尼超級巨蛋。昆士蘭州 native and wide receiver for the served as the ambassador of LFL Football coming to Australia and captained the Western Conference squad. The LFL then helped found the in Australia to serve as a minor league for the announced LFL Australia expansion.

6.4 2012 加拿大

For the , the All-Fantasy Game was played in 哈密爾頓 (安大略). This was due in part to the league's announcement that in 2012 there would be a Canadian Lingerie Football League. LFL Canada was originally scheduled for a twelve-week season with teams in six markets.

On September 28, 2011, it was announced that, in addition to the who began play in LFL United States, LFL Canada's other five markets would consist of 溫哥華，卡爾加里，埃德蒙頓，魁北克市，and 蒙特利爾；ironically, none of those five markets would actually get an LFL franchise. On February 9, 2012, the LFL announced that 亞布斯佛，would be the next Canadian city to host a team in the League. The franchise played its home games at the and competed in the Western Division of LFL Canada. On February 20, 2012, the LFL announced that the franchise would be named the following the results of an online fan vote. The decision for Abbotsford to host a team sparked some controversy, including expressed concern from at least one city councilor, as "Abbotsford is a deeply religious agricultural community."

On February 22, 2012, the LFL announced that 里賈納，would be the next Canadian city to host a team in the League. Home games would be played at the . On March 6, the LFL announced that the franchise would be named the after an online fan vote.

Six days later, on February 28, the LFL announced that 薩斯卡通，Saskatchewan, would join Regina as LFL Canada's second team in the Wheat Province. Home games would be played at the . Upon releasing the ' logo and colors, the league announced that LFL Canada was set at four teams for the 2012 season, with the league playing an eight-game schedule, scheduled to end with Lingerie Bowl I Canada the week before the Grey Cup.

The 2012 LFL Canada season began on August 25, 2012, and culminated with Lingerie Bowl Canada I on November 17, 2012, between the and the at the in 亞布斯佛. The BC Angels won the inaugural championship game 25–12 with BC Angels' quarterback Mary Anne Hanson and receiver Aleesa Garcia named as the game's MVPs.

On December 15, 2012, the first annual Pacific Cup was played between the Seattle Mist of LFL US and the BC Angels of LFL Canada. Dubbed the 'Border War', the game was hosted by the Seattle Mist at the in 肯特 (華盛頓州), with home venues alternating each season.

6.5 2013

The league delayed the next LFL US season from fall/winter 2012 to April 2013 in order to shift to a spring/summer schedule and to focus on the 2012 LFL Canada season.

On June 27, 2013, the 2013 LFL Canada schedule was released. LFL Canada accepted one proposed expansion team, the ; their home games would be played at the . Meanwhile, the suspended operations for the 2013 season, bringing the number of LFL Canada teams back to four. On September 16, 2013, the LFL then postponed the entire 2013 LFL Canada season until 2014.

However, the BC Angels were expected to participate in the second-annual Pacific Cup, an exhibition game between the Angels and LFL US's scheduled for December 2013. On October 3, it was announced that the Angels would be replaced in the game by the LA Temptation, citing not enough preparation. The Pacific Cup was played at ShoWare Center on December 6, 2013. Several key players from the Angels joined the Mist while a few key players from Las Vegas Sin joined the Temptation.

6.6 2013–14 澳洲

Following the two All-Fantasy games held in Australia in 2012, LFL Australia premiered in December 2013. Prior to the playing a game, the LFL's deal with the (LGL) fell through and the LGL no longer served as a minor league to the LFL. The New South Wales Surge, Queensland Brigade, Victoria Maidens, and Western Australia Angels participated in the inaugural 2013–14 LFL Australia season. The LFL Australia was played on February 8, 2014, at 伯斯矩形體育場 in , Western Australia.

On March 23, 2014, LFL Australia accepted one proposed expansion team, the Adelaide Arsenal, with home games to be played at the 軒特馬殊球場. However, on September 29, the 2014–2015 season was cancelled due to the lack of a broadcast partner with competition planned to resume in 2015–2016 including an expansion into New Zealand.

In February 2015, it was revealed that the players and coaches had actually left after disputes and issues with LFL management, namely commissioner Mortaza. Players and coaches left and joined the , originally a subsidiary of the LFL now operating as its own league.

6.7 2014

In the 2013 offseason, the LFL announced that the and had suspended operations for the 2014 LFL US season.

It was also announced that the were moving to 托萊多 (俄亥俄州), and play its home games at the .

6.8 2015

6.9 2016

On September 16, 2015, 奧斯汀，received an expansion team for 2016 to play at the and the name was announced as the . On November 2, it was announced that 達拉斯，would rejoin the league in 2016 after being on hiatus since the end of the 2010–2011 season, retaining the name, at . The then suspended operations. A team was also added for New England bringing the league's total to eight teams.

During the season, New England was forced to forfeit its final game as injuries caused the team to have below the minimum number of players needed to field a team. Seattle won a three-way tie with Dallas and Los Angeles for the best record in the Western Conference while Chicago had the best record in the Eastern Conference. Chicago and Atlanta advanced to the playoffs in the East while Seattle and Dallas advanced in the West. Chicago and Seattle won their Conference Championships and advanced to the Legends Cup in a rematch of both the previous championship and a meeting earlier in the season though with the opposite result of those two prior matches. The season ended on August 27, 2016, with the defeating the 31–26 to win their third . The championship game was played at in 斯科茨代爾 (亞利桑那州).

6.10 2017

The 2017 season began with new teams at Pittsburgh and Denver replacing New England and Dallas. Three teams (Chicago, Los Angeles, and Seattle) completed the regular season with perfect 4–0 records, a first in LFL history. Chicago and Atlanta advanced to the playoffs from the East while Seattle and Los Angeles advanced in the West. Atlanta upset Chicago in the Eastern Conference Championship, their first victory against the Bliss following seven consecutive defeats. In a war of unbeatens, Seattle bested Los Angeles in the Western Conference Championship. The season ended on September 3, 2017, as the beat the 38–28 in the Legends Cup, played at the in 安大略 (加利福尼亞州), to cap off their perfect 6–0 season to go with their second LFL title.

6.11 2018

6.12 2019

The 2019 season was the tenth and final season of the Legends Football League. It began April 5 and concluded on August 10.

6.13 2022

Following a regular season reduced to two games per team, the defeated the in the first X Cup championship game, 19–12.

6.14 2023-2024

最初，聯盟網站稱將 2023 年 10 月發售門票和 2024 年 10 月發布賽程 。

但在 10 月，這些更改為「2023 年 12 月」。到 2023 年 12 月，再次更改為「即將推出」。

2024 年 2 月，聯盟宣佈將 2024 年賽季的重啟延至 2025 年 5 月 3 日，賽程將於 2024 年 10 月公佈。

媒體

7.1 廣播

In 2010, licensed the broadcast rights to 20 regular season and two conference playoff games and aired highlights of those games on a program entitled LFL Presents: LFL, Friday Night Football on MTV2. For the 2011–12 season, MTV2 also broadcast the championship game, in addition to presenting the games in their entirety and broadcasting them live at 9:00 PM ET.

In 2013, the league began airing their games exclusively online on a week-delayed basis, releasing their games every Saturday on YouTube. Games are shot in 1080i.

At the start of the 2013–2014 Australia season, LFL signed an agreement with in Australia to broadcast games every Saturday night.

In 2015, became the exclusive broadcaster of LFL games in the United States. Games are broadcast on a week-delay basis on Saturday nights, and are later uploaded to YouTube on Fridays. In the Fall, premiered the reality series, Pretty. Strong., which focuses on the lives and careers of the . The show was produced by 相對論傳媒.

For the 2016 season, games were broadcast in select markets on affiliates of CW 電視網 and MyNetworkTV as well as on a week-delayed basis.

In 2017, became the exclusive Canadian broadcaster of all LFL games through the 2019 season. Super Channel used the LFL to launch its "Super Channel SPORTS" sub-brand for all sporting and events and sports-themed programming. Meanwhile, acquired the broadcast rights to the LFL in the United States.

In May 2022, the league announced on Twitter that it would be launching a new subscription service called "Fan Pass" to directly stream games live and on-demand.

夢幻足球

In 2011, the Legends Football League partnered with to present a game for the LFL. It was relaunched in 2013 as "LFL PartyDeck".

8.1 電子遊戲

In 2012, the Legends Football League teamed with Japanese-based Co. Ltd to design and develop an official LFL game.