This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1880.

Events
April – Publication in France of Les Soirées de Médan, a collection of six Naturalist short stories set during the Franco-Prussian War by six authors who frequent Émile Zola's home, including Guy de Maupassant's first, Boule de Suif, which launches his career.
April 20 (O. S.: April 8) – At the Romanian Academy, Titu Maiorescu announces a reformed Romanian alphabet, adopted by a commission also comprising George Bariț and Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu. The rationalized spelling reflects ideas endorsed by Maiorescu since the 1860s, replacing the deep orthography favored by "Latinists".
May – In the United States, the publishing business of Henry Oscar Houghton and George H. Mifflin is reconstructed as Houghton, Mifflin and Company.
June 6 – Statue of Alexander Pushkin (d. 1837), sculpted by Alexander Opekushin, is unveiled in Strastnaya Square, Moscow.
October – Henry James's novel The Portrait of a Lady begins serial publication in Macmillan's Magazine (U.K.) and The Atlantic Monthly (U.S.)
December 15 – First performance of a play by Henrik Ibsen in English, The Pillars of Society (under the title Quicksands) at the Gaiety Theatre, London.

New books

Fiction
Henry Adams (anonymously) – Democracy: An American Novel
Rhoda Broughton – Second Thoughts
Wilkie Collins – Jezebel's Daughter
Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield – Endymion
Fyodor Dostoevsky – The Brothers Karamazov (Братья Карамазовы, Brat'ya Karamazovy)
Amelia Edwards – Lord Brackenbury
Evelyn Everett-Green – Tom Tempest's Victory
Theodor Fontane
Grete Minde
Wanderungen durch die Mark Brandenburg
George Gissing – Workers in the Dawn
Walter T. Gray (Metta Victoria Fuller Victor) – A Bad Boy's Diary
Percy Greg – Across the Zodiac
Anna Katharine Green – A Strange Disappearance
Thomas Hardy – The Trumpet-Major
Henry Kendall – Songs from the Mountains
Alexander Kielland – Garman og Worse
Pierre Loti – Le Mariage de Loti (as Rarahu)
Ouida – Moths
Louisa Parr – Adam and Eve
Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin – The Golovlyov Family (Господа Головлёвы, Gospoda Golovlyovy) 
Anthony Trollope – Ayala's Angel
Mark Twain – A Tramp Abroad
Giovanni Verga – Vita dei campi (The Life of the Fields, short stories, including "Cavalleria rusticana" – "Rustic chivalry")
Lew Wallace – Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ
Émile Zola – Nana

Children and young people
Carlo Collodi – The Adventures of Pinocchio (Le avventure di Pinocchio)
Evelyn Everett-Green – Tom Tempest's Victory
Johanna Spyri – Heidi
Jules Verne – The Steam House (La Maison à vapeur)

Drama
Oscar Wilde – Vera; or, The Nihilists (privately printed)
Adolphe L'Arronge – The Lonei Household

Poetry
Anne Evans (died 1870) – Poems and Music (with a memorial preface by Anne Isabella Thackeray)

Non-fiction
Henry Charlton Bastian – The Brain as an Organ of Mind
James Legge – The Religions of China
Algernon Charles Swinburne – A Study of Shakespeare
Charles Warren – The Temple or the Tomb. Giving further evidence in favour of the authenticity of the present site of the Holy Sepulchre

Births
February 21 – Waldemar Bonsels, German writer (died 1952)
February 27 – Angelina Weld Grimké, African-American playwright and poet (died 1958)
March 1 – Lytton Strachey, English critic and biographer (died 1932)
March 4 – Channing Pollock, American playwright and critic (died 1946)
March 13 – Frank Thiess, German writer (died 1977)
March 21 – E. H. Young, English novelist (died 1949)
March 30 – Seán O'Casey, Irish dramatist (died 1964)
June 10 – Margit Kaffka, Hungarian novelist, short story writer and poet (died 1918)
June 17 – Carl Van Vechten, American writer (died 1964)
June 27 – Helen Keller, American writer and lecturer (died 1968)
July 4 – Anne Beffort, Luxembourg literary writer and biographer (died 1966)
July 10 – Greye La Spina, American writer (died 1969)
August 5 – Ruth Sawyer, American children's writer and novelist (died 1970)
August 15 – Anna Rüling, German journalist, the first known lesbian activist (died 1953)
August 26 – Guillaume Apollinaire, French poet and dramatist (died 1918)
September 12 – H. L. Mencken, American journalist and English language scholar (died 1956)
October 4 – Damon Runyon, American journalist and short-story writer (died 1946)
October 17 – Vasile Cijevschi, Bessarabian Romanian soldier, journalist and short-story writer (died 1931) 
October 18 – Ze'ev Jabotinsky, Russian-born Zionist leader, novelist and poet (died 1940)
November 1 – Grantland Rice, American sports writer (died 1954)
November 6 – Robert Musil, Austrian novelist (died 1942)
November 25 – Elsie J. Oxenham (Elsie Jeanette Dunkerley), English story writer for girls (died 1960)
November 29 – N. D. Cocea, Romanian novelist, critic and journalist (died 1949)
December 24 – Johnny Gruelle, American cartoonist and children's author (died 1938)

Deaths
January 12 – Ida, Countess von Hahn-Hahn, German author (born 1805)
February 12 – Karl Eduard von Holtei, German poet and dramatist (born 1798)
February 17 – James Lenox, American bibliophile (born 1800)
April 9 – Louis Edmond Duranty, French novelist and critic (born 1833)
April 16 – Edward Vaughan Hyde Kenealy, Irish writer and barrister (born 1819)
April 18 – Costache Aristia, Wallachian translator, poet, dramatist and actor (born 1800)
May 2 – Eunice Hale Cobb, American writer, public speaker, and activist (born 1803)
May 5 – Andrei Mocioni, Hungarian-Romanian journalist and literary patron (born 1812)
May 6 – Ivan Surikov, Russian poet (born 1841)
May 8 – Gustave Flaubert, French novelist (born 1821)
May 30 – James Planché, English dramatist (born 1796)
June 7 – Karl Christian Planck, German philosopher (born 1819)
July 7 – Lydia Maria Child, American writer and abolitionist (born 1802)
July 12 – Tom Taylor, English dramatist and journalist (born 1817)
September 23 – Geraldine Jewsbury, English novelist and woman of letters (born 1812)
December 22 – George Eliot (Mary Anne Cross), English novelist (born 1819)

Awards
Commander, First Class of the Order of St. Olav – Andreas Munch
Newdigate Prize – Rennell Rodd, "Raleigh"

References

 
Years of the 19th century in literature