Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Stringfellow Restaurants Ltd v Quashie [2012] EWCA Civ 1735 is a UK labour law case concerning employment status.

Facts
The claimant, Ms Quashie, worked as a lap dancer for 18 months at two clubs owned by the appellant. She paid a fee to work at the club, and was classed as an independent contractor in the club owner's handbook. Ms Quashie was paid directly by patrons, with prices set out by the club for various dance packages. She was paid in 'heavenly money', which was a type of voucher patrons bought from the club. At the end of a shift, she would exchange these for a payment from the club. The club would make various deductions from this to pay for the facilities. They could also make deductions for things such as being late for a shift, or being off rota.

Ms Quashie brought a claim for unfair dismissal, after being dismissed because of involvement with drugs. The issue was whether she came under the definition of "employee" under section 230 of the Employment Rights Act 1996. While her contract defined her as an independent contractor, she always felt as though she was treated as an employee.

Judgement
The Employment Tribunal decided that Ms Quashie was not an employee because there was no wage-work bargain between her and the club, as she was paid directly by patrons. In addition to this, she had not met the continuous period of employment. Ms Quashie appealed.

Her appeal was accepted by the Employment Appeals Tribunal. The EAT took a broader understanding of the wage-work bargain, believing it to occur when an establishment provides something in exchange for work. The opportunity to work at the club was enough to satisfy this requirement. The EAT considered that since the club also had significant control over her, and she completed the work for them personally, Ms Quashie was an employee of the club. The club owners appealed this.

The Court of Appeal allowed this, overturning the EAT's decision. They recognised that the club did have a significant degree of control, but it was not enough to say there was a contract of employment. For instance, she had a great deal of control over her appearance. The Court of Appeal accepted there was some mutuality of obligation too. However, this was only for a few nights a week, with nothing preventing her from working at other clubs on her nights off. As such, they concluded that there was no contract of employment, and Ms Quashie could have no claim of unfair dismissal.

Significance
Quashie was partly overruled in Robinson v HRH Al Qasimi [2021] EWCA Civ 862, in relation to comments affecting the illegality doctrine that were inconsistent with Patel v Mirza. The main ruling in Quashie, that the claimant was not an employee, has been subjected to extensive criticism, including for failing to properly apply the principle and test in Autoclenz Ltd v Belcher.<reg>e.g. </ref>

See also
 United Kingdom labour law
 Employment contract in English law
 Uber BV v Aslam

Notes

References
 

2012 in United Kingdom case law
Labour case law
United Kingdom labour law
Lotten Katrin Andersson (born 5 January 1950) is a Swedish former freestyle and butterfly swimmer. She competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics and the 1968 Summer Olympics.

Andersson represented Timrå AIF and Linköpings ASS.

References

External links
 

1950 births
Living people
Swedish female butterfly swimmers
Swedish female freestyle swimmers
Olympic swimmers for Sweden
Swimmers at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1968 Summer Olympics
People from Borås
Sportspeople from Västra Götaland County
Timrå AIF swimmers
Linköpings ASS swimmers
Benjamin David Gill (born 4 October 1987) is an English footballer. He plays either as a central midfielder or central defender and most recently played for Chalfont St Peter.

Career
Born in Harrow, Gill started his career as a youth player at Arsenal but was released in July 2005 and joined the academy of Championship side Watford. Whilst still an academy scholar he made his first team debut in a League Cup victory against Wolverhampton Wanderers on 20 September 2005, coming on as a substitute. He went on to make two further substitute appearances in the League Cup and FA Cup respectively, against Premier League sides Wigan Athletic and Bolton Wanderers.

Watford were promoted to the Premiership at the end of 2005–06 season and Gill was awarded a professional contract. In October 2006, he joined then Conference side Cambridge United on a month's loan, to cover injuries sustained by the Yellows. He was involved in 4 matches, starting 3 times. After his return, he was unable to break into the first-team. At the end of the season he was released and subsequently signed a two-year contract with League One side Cheltenham Town, on 15 May 2007. He played fifteen times for the club before being he was released early from his contract in January 2009. He signed for Crawley Town in February 2009, signing until the end of the 2009. Signed on non-contract terms for Weymouth, in March 2009 until the end of the season. In July 2009 he signed with Interblock from Slovenia.

His spell in Slovenia was ended in September 2010 however, when he returned to England and signed for Forest Green Rovers.

After only a few games for Forest Green, Gill departed The New Lawn and spent a small amount of time at Rayners Lane before moving on to Isthmian Premier Division side Wealdstone in November 2010. After making 12 league appearances he left Wealdstone. He then spent time training with Lincoln City.

In October 2021, Gill signed for Chalfont St Peter and was then loaned to Ascot United for their Combined Counties League match at home to North Greenford United. He made his debut for The Saints on 23 November 2021 in their home Isthmian League match against Bedfont Sports.

Gill took over as caretaker manager of Chalfont St Peter on 7 February 2022 after the resignation of Aaron Steadman.

References

External links
Player profile at PrvaLiga 

1987 births
Living people
Footballers from Harrow, London
English men's footballers
Arsenal F.C. players
Watford F.C. players
Cambridge United F.C. players
Cheltenham Town F.C. players
Crawley Town F.C. players
Weymouth F.C. players
NK IB 1975 Ljubljana players
Forest Green Rovers F.C. players
Rayners Lane F.C. players
Wealdstone F.C. players
Chalfont St Peter A.F.C. players
Ascot United F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Slovenian PrvaLiga players
Expatriate men's footballers in Slovenia
People educated at The John Lyon School
Men's association football midfielders
Men's association football defenders
English expatriate men's footballers
Chalfont St Peter A.F.C. managers
An RNA spike-in is an RNA transcript of known sequence and quantity used to calibrate measurements in RNA hybridization assays, such as DNA microarray experiments, RT-qPCR, and RNA-Seq.

A spike-in is designed to bind to a DNA molecule with a matching sequence, known as a control probe. This process of specific binding is called hybridization. A known quantity of RNA spike-in is mixed with the experiment sample during preparation. The degree of hybridization between the spike-ins and the control probes is used to normalize the hybridization measurements of the sample RNA.

History 
Nucleic acid hybridization assays have been used for decades to detect specific sequences of DNA or RNA, with a DNA microarray precursor used as early as 1965. In such assays, positive control oligonucleotides are necessary to provide a standard for comparison of target sequence concentration, and to check and correct for nonspecific binding; that is, incidental binding of the RNA to non-complementary DNA sequences. These controls became known as "spike-ins". With the advent of DNA microarray chips in the 1990s and the commercialization of high-throughput methods for sequencing and RNA detection assays, manufacturers of hybridization assay "kits" started to provide pre-developed spike-ins. In the case of gene expression assay microarrays or RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), RNA spike-ins are used.

Manufacturing 

RNA spike-ins can be synthesized by any means of creating RNA synthetically, or by using cells to transcribe DNA to RNA in vivo (in cells). RNA can be produced in vitro (cell free) using RNA polymerase and DNA with the desired sequence. Large scale biotech manufacturers produce RNA synthetically via high-throughput techniques and provide solutions of RNA spike-ins at predetermined concentration. Bacteria containing DNA (usually on plasmids) for transcription to spike-ins are also commercially available. The purified RNA can be stored long-term in a buffered solution at low temperature.

Applications

DNA microarrays 

DNA microarrays are solid surfaces, usually a small chip, to which short DNA polymers of known sequence are covalently bound. When a sample of unknown RNA is flowed over the array, the RNA base pairs with and binds to complementary DNA. Bound transcripts can be detected, indicating the presence of RNA with the corresponding sequence. DNA microarray assays are useful in studies of gene expression, because many of the mRNA transcripts present in a cell can be detected at the same time. RNA spike-ins of known quantity can provide a baseline signal for comparison with the signal from transcripts of unknown quantity, such that the data can be normalized within an array and between different arrays.

Sequencing 

RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is performed by reverse transcribing RNA to complementary DNA (cDNA) and high-throughput sequencing the cDNA. Such high-throughput methods can be error prone, and known controls are necessary to detect and correct for levels of error. RNA spike-in controls can provide a measure of sensitivity and specificity of an RNA-Seq experiment.

See also
DNA spiking
qPCR

References

RNA
Microarrays
Bhimsen is a village in Kanpur district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Demographics
Bhimsen village has population of 7359 of which 3903 are males while 3456 are females as per Population Census 2011. Bhimsen village has higher literacy rate compared to Uttar Pradesh. In 2011, literacy rate of Bhimsen village was 72.65% compared to 67.68% of Uttar Pradesh. In Rampur Bhimsen Male literacy stands at 79.82% while female literacy rate was 64.41%.

Transport
It is well connected by rail and road. Bhimsen Junction railway station provides connections to Manikpur Sarhat, Kanpur and Jhansi.

Geography 
Bhimsen is located at .  It has an average elevation of 125 meters (413 feet)

References

Cities and towns in Kanpur Nagar district
Nadezhda Radovitskaya (born 20 November 1977) is a Russian freestyle skier. She competed in the women's moguls event at the 1998 Winter Olympics.

References

1977 births
Living people
Russian female freestyle skiers
Olympic freestyle skiers for Russia
Freestyle skiers at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Saint Petersburg
Matthew Kluger is a disbarred  lawyer who served a 12-year sentence in federal prison for insider trading.  The Bureau of Prisons Inmate Information website states that his release date was January 13, 2022.  A graduate of the Hammonasset School, Cornell University, and NYU School of Law, Kluger is the son of Pulitzer Prize-winning writer Richard Kluger.  Over 17 years, while a lawyer at the law firms Cravath, Swaine & Moore, Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom, Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson, and Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, he tipped the identity of planned corporate takeover targets, allowing confederates to reap millions in profits when the proposed takeovers were announced and the stock prices increased. His sentence, which was reportedly the longest ever imposed after a guilty plea for insider trading, was affirmed by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit in 2013.  He explained in detail the nature of his conduct in a video interview. In 2014, he gave an extensive interview with Fortune Magazine about the details of his life in prison.  His conduct was featured on an episode of the CNBC series American Greed.  A motion to vacate his sentence was denied in 2018.

Personal life
Kluger is gay and has three children with a former boyfriend.    He is currently housed at RRM Pittsburgh (Residential Re-entry Management, i.e. a halfway house in the Pittsburgh area), Federal Bureau of Prisons inmate number 78142-083.

References

Living people
American Jews
Cornell University alumni
Disbarred American lawyers
New York University School of Law alumni
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom people
Cravath, Swaine & Moore people
People associated with Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson
Year of birth missing (living people)
Pelo Brasil (At Brazil in English) it is the ninth album and third DVD of Banda Calypso, launched in September 2006. The band invests a large project for a tour in 5 capital and each make a passage to a CD / DVD. The chosen capital were Brasília, Recife, Salvador, Rio de Janeiro and Belém. In each project the show would be recorded a show piece with a musical block chosen for each city and after being closed block continue with the show for the audience.

Show

Opening 
The start was discussed in an opening for the whole country culture but Joelma've chosen to only to the capitals where they were printed.

For each city we used the theme of culture, first to Belém culture with Carimbó, then a soldier representing Brasilia with a musical background of the start of the national anthem, then immediately one dancer Frevo representing Recife an instrumental sound Tchau Pra Você but executed in the rhythm of Frevo, after that a player of Capoeira representing Salvador and to end a flag bearer representing the Rio de Janeiro with the instrumental sound of Isso é Calypso in rhythm Samba.

2006 live albums
Banda Calypso albums
Tomi Mäki (born August 19, 1983) is a Finnish professional ice hockey forward who is currently an unrestricted free agent. He most recently played for Jokerit in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

Playing career
Mäki was drafted by the Calgary Flames as their fourth-round pick, 108th overall, in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft. Prior to being drafted he played four seasons with Jokerit in the Finnish SM-liiga.

Mäki then spent three years in the Flames system with the Omaha Ak-Sar-Ben Knights and the Quad City Flames of the AHL. During this time Mäki made his first and only NHL appearance with the Calgary Flames on December 12, 2006 against the Minnesota Wild going scoreless.

On April 21, 2008, Mäki returned to his old club, signing for Jokerit of the then SM-Liiga. In remaining with Jokerit through their transition to the KHL, Mäki as the club's longest tenured player, extended his contract following the 2017–18 season, agreeing to a one-year deal on April 9, 2018.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

References

External links

1983 births
Calgary Flames players
Calgary Flames draft picks
Finnish ice hockey centres
Kiekko-Vantaa players
Living people
Jokerit players
Ice hockey people from Helsinki
Omaha Ak-Sar-Ben Knights players
Quad City Flames players
Raines is a surname, and may refer to:

People
 Annie Raines (born 1969), American musician in the duo Paul Rishell and Annie Raines
 Cristina Raines (born 1952), American actress
 Ella Raines (1920–1988), American actress
 Franklin Raines (born 1949), former Fannie Mae director and White House budget director
 George Raines (1846–1908), New York politician
 Hazel Jane Raines (1916–1956), pioneering aviator, first woman licensed pilot in Georgia
 Howell Raines (born 1943), former executive editor of The New York Times
 John Raines (1840–1909), New York politician, namesake of the Raines law
 Matthew Raines (born 1982), Pathologist and U.S. Air Force officer
 Ron Raines (born 1949), American actor and musician
 Ronald T. Raines (born 1958), American chemical biologist
 Steve Raines (1916–1996), American actor and stuntman
 Thomas Raines (1842–1924), New York State Treasurer
 Tim Raines (born 1959), American baseball player
 Tim Raines Jr. (born 1979), American baseball player
 Tony Raines (born 1964), American racecar driver
Georgia Raines

Fictional characters
 Audrey Raines, fictional character in the TV series 24, portrayed by actress Kim Raver
 Cid Raines, from the video game Final Fantasy XIII, voiced by Erik Davies
 Letty Raines, fictional character in the TV series Good Behavior, portrayed by actress Michelle Dockery
 Lily Raines, fictional character in the movie In the Line of Fire portrayed by actress Rene Russo
 Memphis Raines, fictional character in the movie Gone in 60 Seconds, portrayed by actor Nicolas Cage
 Detective Michael Raines, fictional character in the TV series Raines, portrayed by actor Jeff Goldblum
 Dr. William Raines, fictional character in the TV series The Pretender, portrayed by actor Richard Marcus
 Reno Raines, fictional character in the TV series Renegade, portrayed by actor Lorenzo Lamas

See also
 Raines (disambiguation)
 Raine (disambiguation)
Rías Baixas Fútbol Sala was a futsal club based in Pontevedra, Galicia. Rías Baixas was one of the most important futsal clubs from Galicia.

The club was founded in 1975 and its stadium was the ground Pavillón Municipal with capacity of 4,000 seats.

In the 1998–99 and 1999–00 seasons, its main sponsor was the defunct company Fórum Filatélico.

History
The club was founded in 1975. First appearance in national category was in 1990–91 in Primera Nacional B. Two seasons after (1992–93), Rías Baixas achieve the promotion to the División de Plata. As one of the strongest teams of División de Plata, Rías Baixas reach the División de Honor, with only two season in División de Plata. Being sponsored by Fórum Filatélico in 1999–2000 season, the team finished in 16th position, being relegated to División de Plata. But club decides to renounce to this category, and start a new stage in Primera Nacional A. Eventually, the club was disbanded in 2003–04 season playing in Primera Nacional B.

Season to season

5 seasons in División de Honor
2 seasons in División de Plata
2 seasons in 1ª Nacional A
5 seasons in 1ª Nacional B

Trophies
División de Honor: 0
Quarterfinals: 1998–99
Copa de España: 0
Quarterfinals: 1998–99
División de Plata: 1
Winners: 1994–95
Semifinals: 1993–94
Copa División de Plata: 1
Winners: 1994–95
Quarterfinals: 1993–94

References

External links
Profile on LNFS.es

Futsal clubs in Galicia (Spain)
Futsal clubs established in 1975
Sports clubs and teams disestablished in 2004
1975 establishments in Spain
2004 disestablishments in Spain
Sport in Pontevedra
Jacksonian may refer to:

Jacksonian democracy, American political philosophy 
Jacksonian seizure, in neurology
The following events related to sociology occurred in the 1890s.

1890
Sir James George Frazer's The Golden Bough is published.
Alfred Marshall's Principles of Economics is published.
Jose Rizal's La Indolencia de los Filipinos is published in Madrid.
Georg Simmel's Social Differentiation is published.
Gabriel Tarde's Laws of Imitation is published.
Frank Wilson Blackmar starts teaching Elements of Sociology to graduate students at the University of Kansas, Lawrence. This becomes the oldest continuing sociology course in America

Births
March 8: Oswald von Nell-Breuning

1891
The Department of History and Sociology is established at the University of Kansas
Beatrice Webb's Co-operative Movement is published.
Edward Alexander Westermarck's The History of Human Marriage is published.

1892
Albion Small establishes the 1st Department of Sociology The Chicago School of Sociology.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman's The Yellow Wallpaper is published.
Georg Simmel's Problems of the Philosophy of History is published.

1893
Émile Durkheim's The Division of Labour in Society is published.
Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse's The Labour Movement is published.
The final volume of Karl Marx's Capital is published (edited by Engels).
Georg Simmel's Introduction to the Science of Ethics is published.
Wilhelm Windelband's A History of Philosophy is published.
Rene Worms founded the small Institut International de Sociologie

1894
Albion Woodbury Small writes the 1st textbook in Sociology: An introduction to the study of the society
W. E. B. Du Bois' The Philadelphia Negro is published.

1895
Émile Durkheim's On the Normality of Crime is published.
Émile Durkheim's The Rules of the Sociological Method is published.
The first publication of The American Journal of Sociology by The University of Chicago Press

1896
Henri Bergson's Matter and Memory is published.
Franklin Henry Giddings' Principles of Sociology is published.
Gaetano Mosca's The Ruling Class is published.
Rene Worms' The Nature and Method of Sociology is published.

1897
W. E. B. Du Bois' The Souls of Black Folk is published.
Émile Durkheim's Suicide is published.
Vilfredo Pareto's The New Theories of Economics is published.
The First publication of L'Année Sociologique.

Births
May 22: Stanislaw Ossowski
June 22: Norbert Elias
August 28: Louis Wirth

1898
Franklin Henry Giddings' Elements of Sociology is published.
Gabriel Tarde's Social Laws: An Outline of Sociology is published.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman's Women and Economics is published.

1899
Karl Kautsky's On The Agrarian Question is published.
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov Lenin's The Development of Capitalism in Russia is published.
Thorstein Bunde Veblen's of The Theory of the Leisure Class is published.

Sociology
Sociology timelines
1890s decade overviews
Rezaabad (, also Romanized as Reẕāābād) is a village in, and the capital of, Jahangiri-ye Shomali Rural District of the Central District of Masjed Soleyman County, Khuzestan province, Iran.

At the 2006 National Census, its population was 104 in 24 households, when it was in Tolbozan Rural District. The following census in 2011 counted 77 people in 16 households, by which time Jahangiri-ye Shomali Rural District had been established in the Central District. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 135 people in 39 households.

References 

Masjed Soleyman County

Populated places in Khuzestan Province

Populated places in Masjed Soleyman County
The 2012 Louisiana–Lafayette Ragin' Cajuns baseball team represented the University of Louisiana at Lafayette in the 2012 NCAA Division I baseball season. The Ragin' Cajuns played their home games at M. L. Tigue Moore Field and were led by eighteenth year head coach Tony Robichaux.

Preseason

Preseason All-Sun Belt team

Tyler Ray (TROY, SR, Pitcher)
Justin Hageman (WKU, SO, Pitcher)
Tanner Perkins (WKU, JR, Pitcher)
Hugh Adams (FAU, SR, Pitcher)
Mason McVay (FIU, RS-JR, Pitcher)
Mike Albaladejo (FAU, SR, Catcher)
Mike Martinez (FIU, SR, 1st Base)
Caleb Clowers (ULM, SR, 2nd Base)
Logan Kirkland (USA, SO, 2nd Base)
Tyler Hannah (TROY, SR, Shortstop)
Hank LaRue (MTSU, SO, 3rd Base)
Pablo Bermudez (FIU, SR, Outfield)
Justin Guidry (MTSU, SR, Outfield)
Rudy Flores (FIU, JR, Designated Hitter)

Roster

Coaching staff

Schedule and results

References

Louisiana-Lafayette
Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns baseball seasons
Louisiana-Lafayette baseball
All Night Long is the second studio album recorded (but the first put out) by Junior Kimbrough, released in 1992.

Track listing 
All songs composed by Junior Kimbrough, except "I Feel Alright", based on the song by Junior Parker
"Work Me Baby" – 4:44 
"Do the Romp" – 3:57  
"Stay All Night" – 4:44
"Meet Me in the City" – 6:50
"You Better Run" – 7:33
"Done Got Old" – 2:36   
"All Night Long" – 5:50
"I Feel Alright" – 4:02 
"Nobody but You" – 5:54
"Slow Lightnin'" – 3:22

Personnel
Junior Kimbrough - Vocals and Guitar
Garry Burnside - Bass
Kenny Malone - Drums

References

Junior Kimbrough albums
1992 albums
Fat Possum Records albums