Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Markus Heinrich Grauel (sometimes Marcus Heinrich Graul; 17?? – 1799) was a German composer and cellist of the classical period.

Life 
Grauel was born in Eisenach, though his birth year remains unknown. The earliest available information concerning Grauel's career is a mention of him working alongside his father-in-law, Johann Christian Hertel, at the court of the duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz in Neustrelitz at the time of the Hofkapelle's dissolution in 1753, when he was forced to search for employment elsewhere.

After leaving Neustrelitz, Grauel was employed by Johann Nepomuk Gotthard Graf von Schaffgotsch in Berlin. He began his employment at the Prussian court in Berlin on 1 December 1763, where he remained until his death in 1799.

The majority of contemporary accounts concerning Grauel date from his time in Berlin. Most notably, Charles Burney, after his visit to Berlin in 1772 wrote: "M. Grauel, a violoncello performer in the King’s band, played a concerto; it was but ordinary music; however, it was well executed, though in the old manner, with the hand under the bow." On the contrary, his compositional skill was mentioned favourably by two contemporary commentators, Ernst Ludwig Gerber: "He is said to be a skilled and competent performer and composer for his instrument" and Johann Adam Hiller: "[Grauel] plays his instrument very well and sets beautiful concertos and solos for it."

Like the majority of composers working in Berlin during the second half of the 18th century, Grauel's compositions are highly representative of the Empfindsamer Stil and retain many characteristics of the Baroque compositional style. There are only six surviving works which bear Grauel's name and many of his pieces are thought to have been lost, with several others probably misattributed. It seems that some confusion arose due to the similarity of the name 'Grauel' to his contemporaries Johann Gottlieb and Karl Heinrich Graun, also musicians at the Berlin court. Further confusion has been caused by the various spellings of Grauel's name, most commonly "Graul", but also "Gravel".

Works

Concerto in A major for violin, strings and basso continuo
Concerto in C major for viola, strings and basso continuo
Concerto in E-flat major for viola, strings and basso continuo
Concerto in E-flat major for viola, strings and basso continuo (also attributed to "Graun" in one manuscript)
Concerto in A major for cello, strings and basso continuo
Sonata in G major for violin and obbligato keyboard

"Solo di Gravel a Viola con Basso" (Lost)

References

External links
 

People from Eisenach
18th-century classical composers
German classical composers
German male classical composers
German Baroque composers
18th-century German composers
18th-century German male musicians
18th-century births
1799 deaths
The Wobbe index (WI) or Wobbe number is an indicator of the interchangeability of fuel gases such as natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and town gas and is frequently defined in the specifications of gas supply and transport utilities.

If  is the higher heating value, or higher calorific value, and  is the specific gravity, the Wobbe index, , is defined as:

 is the density of the gas at standard conditions (0 °C, 101.325 kPa),  is the density of air at standard conditions,  is the molar mass of the gas and  is the molar mass of air which is about 28.96 kg/kmol.

The Wobbe index is used to compare the combustion energy output of different composition fuel gases in an appliance (fire, cooker etc.). If two fuels have identical Wobbe indices then for given pressure and valve settings the energy output will also be identical. Typically variations of up to 5% are allowed as these would not be noticeable to the consumer.

The Wobbe index is a critical factor to minimise the impact of the changeover when analyzing the use of substitute natural gas (SNG) fuels such as propane-air mixtures. The Wobbe index also requires the addition of propane to some upgraded biomethane products, particularly in regions where natural gas has a high calorific value such as Sweden.

The Wobbe index has its origins in the 1920's with Italian physicist and engineer Goffredo Wobbe.

Wobbe index of common fuel gases

Note: 1 Joule = .

Usage
The Wobbe index is expressed in MJ/Nm³ (where the ill-advised symbol 'Nm³' is intended to mean 'm³ in Normal conditions, much against the BIPM prescription for writing SI units), or sometimes in BTU/scf. In the case of natural gas (molar mass 17 g/mol), the typical heating value is around 39 MJ/Nm³ (1,050 BTU/scf) and the specific gravity is approximately 0.59, giving a typical Wobbe index of 51 MJ/Nm³ (1,367 BTU/scf).

There are three ranges or "families" of fuel gases that have been internationally agreed based on Wobbe index. Family 1 covers manufactured gases, family 2 covers natural gases (with high and low ranges) and family 3 covers liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Combustion equipment is typically designed to burn a fuel gas within a particular family: hydrogen-rich town gas, natural gas or LPG.

Other flame characteristics and composition limits may determine the acceptability of the replacement gas, e.g. flame speed, "yellow tipping" due to incomplete combustion, sulfur content, oxygen content, etc.

Limitations

In spite of its usefulness, Wobbe index alone is not a good indicator of the interchangeability of two or more gases, or mixtures of them. It is necessary to bear in mind other criteria while determining the plenty substitution of a fuel by other, different of the one used to adjust the burning system.

References

Fuel gas
Gas technologies
Gardy Granass (born 7 January 1930) is a retired German actress. She appeared in around forty films and television series, after making her screen debut in Tromba (1949). In 1953 she appeared in  based on a Hans Schubert play.

Selected filmography
 Tromba (1949)
 A Heidelberg Romance (1951)
 A Very Big Child (1952)
 Red Roses, Red Lips, Red Wine (1953)
 My Leopold (1955)
 Three Girls from the Rhine (1955)
 The Happy Village (1955)
 The Model Husband (1956)
 Die Christel von der Post (1956)
 Black Forest Melody (1956)
 A Thousand Melodies (1956)
 Drei Mann auf einem Pferd (1957)
 The Big Chance (1957)
 Spring in Berlin (1957)
 When the Heath Is in Bloom (1960)
  (1962, TV miniseries)

References

External links

Bibliography 
 Goble, Alan. The Complete Index to Literary Sources in Film. Walter de Gruyter, 1999.

1930 births
Living people
German film actresses
German television actresses
Actresses from Berlin
20th-century German actresses
The Pine River flows along the Minnesota-Ontario border a short distance, primarily within the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness and La Verendrye Provincial Park. The river is part of the Winnipeg River drainage basin and is a tributary of the Granite River.

From its source at Fortune Lake, the river first flows in a southwest direction through Prelate Lake, Addie Lake, and North Lake before reaching Gunflint Lake. From here, the river then flows north into Magnetic Lake, Clove Lake, and Granite Lake, at which point it joins the Granite River. The Granite River then continues northward along the border into Saganaga Lake.

By portaging around rapids, the Pine River is navigable by canoe.

See also
List of rivers of Ontario
List of rivers of Minnesota

Notes and References

Sources

Rivers of Minnesota
Rivers of Rainy River District
International rivers of North America
Canada–United States border
Navacerrada is a municipality of the Community of Madrid, Spain. It lies at an elevation of  on the Reservoir Navacerrada and the entry of "Valle de la Barranca" in the Sierra de Guadarrama.

Located  from Madrid, it has only 2,500 permanent residences, but winter visitors increase the population. The Port of Navacerrada has a popular ski resort that is very popular with winter sportspeople. It has a ski school and various restaurants, hotels and accommodation.

Climate 
Although relatively close to Madrid, Navacerrada has a Mediterranean climate with cool/warm summers due to elevation (Köppen: Csb) or dry-summer continental climate (Dsb) by 0 °C isoterm, winter is also usually on average a few degrees cooler than the Spanish capital. The city has a clearly dry summer, but the high rainfall can be between spring and fall, being lower only in late winter, rather than gradually decreasing in transitional seasons.
The next graphic shows the averages and record temperatures at the Navacerrada mountain pass, which is located at an elevation 600 meters above the village of Navacerrada.

Public transport

Bus 

 690: Guadarrama - Collado Mediano - Navacerrada

 691: Madrid (Moncloa) - Becerril de la Sierra - Navacerrada - Valdesquí

 696: Collado Villalba (hospital) - Navacerrada

Train 

Navacerrada has a train station by which line C-9 of Cercanías Madrid runs through. This line connects Navacerrada with Cotos and Cercedilla.

References

External links

Municipalities in the Community of Madrid
Hormuz District () is a district (bakhsh) in Qeshm County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 5,699, in 1,143 families.  The District has one city: Hormuz. The District has no rural districts (dehestan).

References 

Districts of Hormozgan Province
Qeshm County
Hormuz Island
Karol Maleczyński (1897–1968) was a Polish historian.

Karol Maleczyński was born October 28, 1897 in Grębowo near Tarnobrzeg. He was son of Stefan and Józefina. Maleczyński attended to gimnazjum in Stanisławów and Lwów from 1907 to 1915. He enrolled at the University in Lwów, but was enlisted to the Austrian Army. Later he served in the Polish Army. After demobilisation he again enrolled at the University in Lwów, where he study history. He graduated in March 1924.

Maleczyński gained his PhD at the Jan Kazimierz University in Lwów in 1924. He passed his habilitation at the same university in 1929. He became a professor in 1939. After the Second World War Maleczyński was working at the University of Wrocław.

Karol Maleczyński was author of around 250 publications. He was also an editor of the Gesta principum Polonorum.

Footnotes

References

Further reading
Przemysław Wiszewski, Karol Maleczyński (1897-1968), in Mediewiści, ed. Jerzy Strzelczyk, Poznań 2011.

External links 
Biographical entry in the Jagiellonian Library Database

20th-century Polish historians
Polish male non-fiction writers
1897 births
1968 deaths
Peletier is a town in Carteret County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 644 at the 2010 census.

The town was named for the late-18th century Pelletier family.

Geography
Peletier is located in western Carteret County. It is bordered to the south by the towns of Cape Carteret and Cedar Point. To the west is the tidal White Oak River, which forms the Carteret/Onslow County line. To the north and east is Croatan National Forest.

North Carolina Highway 58 passes through Peletier, leading south  to Emerald Isle on the Atlantic shoreline, and northwest  to Maysville and U.S. Route 17.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which  is land and , or 1.56%, is water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 487 people, 206 households, and 146 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 282 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 97.13% White, 0.62% African American, 0.62% Native American and 1.64% Asian. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.03% of the population.

There were 206 households, out of which 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.3% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.1% were non-families. 21.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.74.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.8% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 20.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $33,641, and the median income for a family was $34,653. Males had a median income of $25,250 versus $16,667 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,484. About 9.9% of families and 11.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.5% of those under age 18 and 8.4% of those age 65 or over.

References

External links
Town of Peletier official website

Towns in Carteret County, North Carolina
Towns in North Carolina
reStructuredText (RST, ReST, or reST) is a file format for textual data used primarily in the Python programming language community for technical documentation.

It is part of the Docutils project of the Python Doc-SIG (Documentation Special Interest Group), aimed at creating a set of tools for Python similar to Javadoc for Java or Plain Old Documentation (POD) for Perl. Docutils can extract comments and information from Python programs, and format them into various forms of program documentation.

In this sense, reStructuredText is a lightweight markup language designed to be both processable by documentation-processing software such as Docutils, and be easily readable by human programmers who are reading and writing Python source code.

History 
reStructuredText evolved from an earlier lightweight markup language called StructuredText (developed by Zope). There were a number of problems with StructuredText, and reST was developed to address them.
The name reStructuredText was chosen to indicate that reST is a "revised, reworked, and reinterpreted StructuredText."

Parts of the reST syntax were inspired by the Setext language from the early 1990s. Elements of the common RFC822 Internet Message Format and Javadoc formats were also considered for inclusion in the design.

reStructuredText was first released in June 2001. It began to see significant use in the Python community in 2002.

Reference implementation 
The reference implementation of the reST parser is a component of the Docutils text processing framework in the Python programming language, but other parsers are available.

There is no official MIME type registered for reStructuredText, but the unofficial one is text/x-rst.

Applications
reStructuredText is commonly used for technical documentation, for example, in documentation of Python libraries. However, it is suitable for a wide range of texts.

Since 2008, reST has been a core component of Python's Sphinx document generation system.

Trac also supports reStructuredText, as do GitHub and Bitbucket.

In 2011, Distributed Proofreaders, which prepared texts for Project Gutenberg, was considering adoption of reST as a basic format from which other ebook formats could be generated.

In July 2016 the Linux kernel project decided to transition from DocBook based documentation to reStructuredText and the Sphinx toolchain.

The software build tool CMake switched from a custom markup language to reStructuredText in version 3.0 for its documentation.

Examples

See also 
 Comparison of document markup languages
 Comparison of documentation generators
 Comparison of note-taking software

References

External links 
 Official reStructuredText website with reference pages

Lightweight markup languages
The Volunteers in Africa Foundation (V.I.A.) is an Oceanside, California, based, grassroots non-profit organization that works to improve education in Southern California and West Africa. Volunteers In Africa’s programs are designed to generate respect and appreciation for our cultural, racial and religious diversity and to also enrich the lives of our neighbors worldwide.  In the United States, V.I.A. provides cross-cultural educational experiences for teachers, students and community members.  In Africa, V.I.A. provides classroom materials, instructional supplies, volunteers and school construction and improvement.

References

External links 
 Official Webpage of Volunteers In Africa Foundation

Non-profit organizations based in California
Educational foundations in the United States
Oceanside, California
Dancenoise is an American performance art duo created by Anne Iobst and Lucy Sexton. Dancenoise entered the New York and Washington, D.C., art and club scene in 1983, performing at venues such as WOW Café, the Pyramid, 8BC, Performance Space 122, Franklin Furnace,  The Kitchen, La Mama, Danspace Project, and King Tut’s Wah Wah Hut. Their work has also been presented around Europe as well as at the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts. Dancenoise has also collaborated with other artists including Charles Atlas, Mike Taylor, Ishmael Houston-Jones, and Yvonne Meier. In addition to their work under the title Dancenoise, Iobst and Sexton, along with Jo Andres and Mimi Goese, were frequent collaborators with Tom Murrin, an East Village performance artist known for his monthly celebrations in honor of the full moon. Dancenoise is a recipient of National Endowment of the Arts Choreographic Fellowships and a Bessie Award for New York Dance and Theatre. 

In 2010, Sexton became the producer of the Bessie Awards and, as of August, 2012, was overhauling the award to consider a broader range of dance genres, extend the award's notoriety, and offer a commissioned prize to artists. In 2015, the Whitney Museum of American Art featured Dancenoise in a week-long exhibition, "Dancenoise: Don't Look Back."

References

External links 
 "Dancenoise: Don't Look Back" at the Whitney Museum of American Art
 Issue #34: Dancenoise in the Movement Research Performance Journal

Living people
American performance artists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Oleg Riabokon () is a Ukrainian lawyer. He was a managing partner of the law firm Magisters - Kyiv, Ukraine. Riabokon was a self-nominated candidate in the 2010 Ukrainian presidential election, during the election he received 0,03% of the votes.

Biography
Riabokon graduated in 1995  from the International Law Department of the Institute of International Relations, Kyiv Taras Shevchenko National University and obtained his LL.M. degree from the Georgetown University (United States) in 1996.

Riabokon founded the Magisters law firm, specializing in international law and trade, in 1997 and was an adviser to various Ukrainian ministries in the 1994-2003 period.
The firm is recognized by The International Who's Who of Trade and Customs Lawyers (1998–2006) as one of the world's leading lawyers in international trade and customs and recommended by the IFLR 1000 2008, Chambers Global 2008, Chambers Europe 2007, and other legal guides. The firm represented then-presidential candidate Victor Yushchenko in 2004. Their successful razzle-dazzle techniques set the stage for the cancellation of the fraudulent 2004 election and a repeat, won by Yushchenko.

Riabokon was awarded "Lawyer of the Year in Ukraine" in October, 2007. Riabokon quit his law firm in September 2009.

2010 Ukrainian presidential candidate
Riabokon was a candidate for President of Ukraine in the 2010 Ukrainian presidential elections. During the campaign Riabokon said many of his rival candidates have either worked for or are currently part of the corrupt and impotent political establishment, which he likens to an "evil" swamp. "But if I break up a clear stream of clean water, all of a sudden people will reorient themselves and will come to the clean source of water". Riabokon referred to himself as the "technical candidate of civil society," and claimed that while he was a newcomer to politics, he had the necessary experience to change Ukraine. He wanted to become president because otherwise he didn't saw "any future for the country." His election program espoused the universally-accepted cornerstones of democracy: ensuring a vibrant civil society, an accountable and transparent government and the rule of law. He wants to see direct representation in government much like how Switzerland functions. During the election Riabokon received 0,03% of the votes, the lowest percentage of all candidates.

Associations
 American Bar Association (Associate member)
 International Bar Association (Member)
 Ukrainian Bar Association (Treasurer of the Board)
 U.S.-Ukraine Business Council (Affiliate member)

References

External links
 Riabokon profile at LegalStudies.RU

Living people
21st-century Ukrainian politicians
1973 births
Politicians from Vinnytsia
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv alumni
21st-century Ukrainian lawyers
Candidates in the 2010 Ukrainian presidential election
Charles Prosek Williams (October 11, 1947 – January 27, 2015) was a Major League Baseball pitcher, best known for being the player the New York Mets traded to the San Francisco Giants for Willie Mays in .

New York Mets
Williams was selected by the Mets in the seventh round of the 1968 Major League Baseball Draft after having played college baseball at Parsons College. After going 21–15 in the minors, he made the Major League club out of Spring training in 1971. On April 23, he made his major league debut at Wrigley Field in Chicago, pitching 2.2 innings and giving up four runs (two earned) in the Mets' 7–6 extra innings victory over the Cubs (the winning pitcher of the game was future Hall of Famer Nolan Ryan). For the season, Williams compiled a 5–6 record, making nine starts, with a 4.78 earned run average and 53 strikeouts.

San Francisco Giants
Williams began the 1972 season with the Mets' Triple-A affiliate, the Tidewater Tides, when he was traded on May 11 to the San Francisco Giants with $50,000 for Willie Mays. Williams appeared in only three games for the Giants that season, spending most of it with their Triple-A affiliate, the Phoenix Giants (10–10, 4.60 ERA).

After splitting the 1973 season between Phoenix and San Francisco, he made the Giants for good in 1974. His final game was on September 11, 1978, against the Los Angeles Dodgers at Candlestick Park.

After baseball
Following the conclusion of his baseball career, Williams was briefly a New York City taxi driver. He later settled in Port Orange, Florida and died in Daytona Beach on January 27, 2015, from complications resulting from heart surgery.

References

External links

Major League Baseball pitchers
New York Mets players
San Francisco Giants players
Mankato Mets players
Phoenix Giants players
Visalia Mets players
Tidewater Tides players
Memphis Blues players
Charleston Charlies players
1947 births
2015 deaths
Baseball players from New York (state)
People from Flushing, Queens
Florida Instructional League Mets players