Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
The Nauru Island Agreement was a joint trusteeship document between the governments of the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand regarding administration of the Pacific island of Nauru. Australia assented to the agreement on 28 October 1919. The act ceased to be in force with the passing of the Statute Law Revision Act 1973.

Summary
Due to the League of Nations mandate placing Australia, the United Kingdom and New Zealand in control of Nauru, it was necessary to construct an agreement on how the island was to be administered.

Under the agreement, Nauru would be run by an administrator, which would be selected by the Australian Government for the first five years, and after that, selected in a way to be later decided. The act also required that a Board of Commissioners was to be formed comprising one member from each nation that was part of the agreement. The Board of Commissioners was given title to the phosphate deposits on the island, and any "land, buildings, plant, and equipment on the island used in connexion with the working of the deposits"; however remuneration was to be given to the previous owners.

The act prohibited the supply of phosphate from Nauru to any country except Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom unless the entire Board of Commissioners agreed to the sale.

For the first five years of the administration, provided that the phosphate was intended for agricultural use in the country receiving it, the United Kingdom and Australia would each receive 42% of the phosphate produced, whereas New Zealand would receive 16%. The figures were to be readjusted every five years.

References

External links
Text of the Nauru Island Agreement

Treaties of Australia
Treaties of New Zealand
Treaties of the United Kingdom
Treaties extended to the Nauru Trust Territory
Interwar-period treaties
Treaties entered into force in 1923
1919 in Australia
1919 in Nauru
1919 in London
1919 in New Zealand
Australia–Nauru relations
Australia–New Zealand relations
Australia–United Kingdom relations
Nauru–New Zealand relations
Nauru–United Kingdom relations
New Zealand–Pacific relations
New Zealand–United Kingdom relations
The warp-weighted loom is a simple and ancient form of loom in which the warp yarns hang freely from a bar, which is supported by upright poles which can be placed at a convenient slant against a wall. Bundles of warp threads are tied to hanging weights called loom weights which keep the threads taut. Evidence of the warp-weighted loom appears in the Neolithic period in central Europe.  It is depicted in artifacts of Bronze Age Greece and was common throughout Europe, remaining in use in Scandinavia into modern times. Loom weights from the Bronze Age were excavated in Miletos, a Greek city in Anatolia.

History
The warp-weighted loom may have originated in the Neolithic period.  The earliest evidence of warp-weighted looms comes from sites belonging to the Starčevo culture in modern Serbia and Hungary from late Neolithic sites in Switzerland. This loom was used in Ancient Greece, and spread north and west throughout Europe thereafter.  It was extensively used in the north among Scandinavian people. For yet unknown reasons, the warp-weighted loom diminished in popularity and disappeared from common use. The arrival of mechanized looms and industry may have contributed to this decline. It remained in use longest in Scandinavia; researcher Marta Hoffman found warp-weighted looms still in use on an isolated island off the coast of Norway and among the Sami of Norway and Finland in the 1950s. Today, the warp-weighted loom is used as a hobby and in historic preservation societies.

Use

The warp-weighted loom is used in a near-vertical position, and the fabric is woven from the top of the loom toward the ground.  This allows the weaver to walk back-and-forth while working, so that wider cloth can be woven than is practical on a ground loom.  On Ancient Greek vase paintings, two weavers, most often women, are shown working side-by-side on the warp-weighted loom.  This is unusual because most other looms require a resting position of standing or sitting. According to Artemidorus, if one dreams of a warp-weighted loom it means an upcoming journey. If one dreams of any other type of loom, one should expect rest.

Additionally, extra warp thread can be wound around the weights. When a weaver has reached the bottom of the available warp, the completed section can be rolled around the top beam, and additional lengths of warp threads can be unwound from the weights to continue. This frees the weaver from vertical size constraints.

Gallery

Notes

References

External links

 Article describing the experimental reconstruction of the 6th-7th century Anglo-Saxon warp-weighted loom from Pakenham, Suffolk.
 Anna Grostøls film about Warp-weighted loom in Nordern-Norway, del I
 Anna Grostøls film about Warp-weighted loom in Nordern-Norway, del II
 Anna Grostøls film about Warp-weighted loom in Nordern-Norway, del III
 Grenevev på Senterfornordligefolk

Weaving equipment
Ancient Greek culture
Chauri Chaura (Pargana: Haveli, Tehsil: Gorakhpur) is a town near Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. The town is located at a distance of 16 km from Gorakhpur, on the State Highway between Gorakhpur and Deoria. The town railway station is located 25 km south-east of Gorakhpur Junction.

In 1922, the Chauri Chaura incident took place in the town when protesters set fire to a police station and killed at least 22 policemen in retaliation to the police firing on several protesters who had taken part in the non-cooperation movement as part of the Indian freedom struggle. This incident is depicted in the movie Gandhi.

References 

Historic sites in India
Cities and towns in Gorakhpur district
History of Uttar Pradesh
Peter Turrini (born 26 September 1944 in Wolfsberg, Carinthia) is an Austrian playwright known for his socio-critical work and earlier folk-dramas.

Born in Carinthia, Turrini has been writing since 1971, when his play Rozznjogd premiered at the Volkstheater, Vienna. A versatile author, he has written plays, screenplays, poems, and essays. Rather than presenting an authentic picture of reality, in Turrini's understanding it is the function of the theatre to exaggerate and, by doing so, to raise the consciousness of the public.

He lives in Vienna and Retz, Lower Austria.

Selected dramas
Rozznjogd (1971)
Sauschlachten (1972)
Kindsmord (1973)
Josef und Maria (1980; revised version, 1999)
Die Bürger (1981)
Die Minderleister (1988)
Tod und Teufel (1990)
Alpenglühen (1993)
Die Schlacht um Wien (1995)
Tod und Teufel (1999) (opera, with music by Gerd Kühr)
Die Eröffnung (2000)
Ich liebe dieses Land (2001)
Der Riese vom Steinfeld (2002) (opera, with music by Friedrich Cerha)
Bei Einbruch der Dunkelheit (2005)
Jedem das Seine (co-authored with Silke Hassler) (2007)

Television

Die Alpensaga (1974–79) (mini-series)
Die Arbeitersaga (1988–90) (mini-series)

Further reading
 Peter Turrini - Schriftsteller;  Kämpfer, Künstler, Narr und Bürger, ed. Klaus Amann (Vienna: Residenz Verlag 2007) ().

1944 births
Living people
People from Wolfsberg
20th-century Austrian dramatists and playwrights
21st-century Austrian dramatists and playwrights
Austrian male dramatists and playwrights
S15, SB15, SM15 are disability swimming classifications used for categorising swimmers based on their level of disability. These classifications are for athletes with hearing loss.

Definition
The S15, SB15 and SM15 classifications are for people with hearing loss.

The classification was created by the International Paralympic Committee  and has roots in a 2003 attempt to address "the overall objective to support and co-ordinate the ongoing development of accurate, reliable, consistent and credible sport focused classification systems and their implementation."

In Australia, to be classified in this category, athletes contact the Australian Paralympic Committee or their state swimming governing body.

See also

 Para-swimming classification
 Swimming at the Summer Paralympics

References

Swimming at the Summer Paralympics
Parasports classifications
Pongch'ŏn County (Pongch'ŏn-gun) is located in South Hwanghae Province, North Korea. Formerly known as P'yŏngch'ŏn County (平川郡), this county was split from P'yŏngsan County in 1952. In 1990, it was given its current name.

Administrative divisions
Pongch'ŏn county is divided into 1 ŭp (town) and 22 ri (villages):

References

Counties of South Hwanghae
Artyom Smirnov or Artem Smirnov may refer to:

 Artem Smirnov (tennis), Ukrainian tennis player
 Artyom Aleksandrovich Smirnov (b. 1989), Russian footballer, goalkeeper
SLAM is a manufacturer of clothing, specializing in sportswear (sailing wear), based in Genoa and founded in 1979.

External links
 Official Site

Italian brands
Clothing companies established in 1979
Shoe companies of Italy
Shoe brands
Privately held companies of Italy
Manufacturing companies based in Genoa
Italian companies established in 1979
Sailing equipment manufacturers
Sporting goods manufacturers of Italy
Companies based in Genoa
A contractum trinius was a set of contracts devised by European bankers and merchants in the Middle Ages as a method of circumventing canonical laws prohibiting usury as a part of Christian finance. At the time, most Christian nations heavily incorporated scripture into their laws, and as such it was illegal for any person to charge interest on a loan of money.

To get around this, a set of three separate contracts were presented to someone seeking a loan: an investment, a sale of profit and an insurance contract. Each of these contracts were permissible under canon law, but together replicated the effect of an interest-bearing loan.

The way this procedure worked was as follows: The lender would invest a sum equal to the amount of financing required by the borrower for one year. The lender would then purchase insurance for the investment from the borrower, and finally sell to the borrower the right to any profit made over a pre-arranged percentage of the investment. This system replicated the effects of a loan with any interest rate agreed between the two, yet provided protection to the lender against default, while the borrower remained under the protection of the law when it came to collection of the money by threats or force (loan sharking).

The Church proved utterly unable to legislate against the contractum trinius, and the idea quickly spread to merchants and bankers across Christendom. It was accepted by writers such as Gabriel Biel; it helped in part to improve public perception of the practice of usury by moneylenders, and ultimately the doctrine was rewritten by the School of Salamanca, and the ban on interest-bearing loans overturned in many Protestant countries, starting with England by Henry VIII.

Some Muslims are of the view that the present practice of Islamic banking relies on devices similar to the contractum trinius as a means of working around a ban of riba (usury) in religious scripture.

See also
Christian finance
Discretionary deposit
Round-tripping (finance)
Substance over form
Islamic finance

External links
An essay comparing Islamic banking practices to the contractum trinius

Banking terms
Credit
Interest
Canon law history
Friseria flammulella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found on the U.S. Virgin Islands, where it has been recorded from Saint Thomas.

The wingspan is about 13.5 mm. The forewings are brownish ochreous along the costal half and tawny-brown along the dorsal half, without any dividing line, the two colours blending beyond the middle. There is a dark chocolate-brown shade from the costa at the base, which curves downwards and outwards, ending in a conspicuous dash along the lower edge of the cell before the middle, its upper edge narrowly margined with whitish throughout, a minute dot of the same dark colour at the lower angle of the cell. The whole wing is suffused with a rich vinous gloss. The hindwings are grey.

References

Moths described in 1897
Friseria
City of Anderson Transit System (CATS)  is the local bus service for Anderson, Indiana.  CATS has 7 routes. Fares are $1.00, except for the those above 60 or disabled veterans, whose fare is 50 cents. Nifty Lift, the Demand Response, has a fare of $2.00. Current hours are Monday to Friday 8–4.

Routes

See also
List of bus transit systems in the United States
Muncie Indiana Transit System

References

Bus transportation in Indiana
Anderson, Indiana
Transportation in Madison County, Indiana
Transit agencies in Indiana
In Canadian patent law, inventions must be useful, in addition to novel and non-obvious, in order to be patented.

General principles
Although utility can be demonstrated by commercial success, it only requires that the invention is directed to a practical use and that it does what is indicated in the patent. The mechanism underlying an invention's function does not need to be disclosed in the patent. If a mechanism is proposed in the patent but is subsequently disproven, the patent is not invalidated.

An invention is useful if it does what it promises; following the directions should result in the desired effect. The inventor does not have to have created the product of the invention, but the specifications must disclose an actual way to do so.

A patent is addressed to a person skilled in the art, and any prior art and knowledge that such a person would have can be taken into consideration when the patent is being interpreted by the courts. If a patent's scope is so broad that a person skilled in the art could follow its specifications and not get the useful result, the invention is not useful.

To be valid, a patent's usefulness must be established, whether by demonstration or by sound prediction, at the time of the patent application. Any evidence of utility after this date is irrelevant, regardless of when the patent's validity is challenged. Later proof of an invention's inutility can be used to invalidate a patent.

Sound prediction
The utility of an invention can be established by sound prediction where “utility can be predicted in advance of complete testing." This is a question of fact, and there are three prongs to the doctrine:
 There must be a factual basis for the prediction.
 The inventor must have an articulable and sound line of reasoning from which the desired result can be inferred from the factual basis.
 There must be proper disclosure.

Rationale
The grant of a patent gives the inventor a monopoly in the market for its product. This monopoly is granted in exchange for the disclosure of the invention which can be further developed by society. The requirement that the invention is useful ensures that society receives accurate and complete disclosure.

That a patent does not have to be economically useful is justified by the fact that these kinds of discoveries may lay the foundation for more profitable discoveries.

The basis for the doctrine of sound prediction is the expedited disclosure of inventions. By ensuring that these inventions are not speculation or misinformation, the public domain remains uncluttered.

See also
Apotex Inc v Wellcome Foundation Ltd
X v Canada (Commissioner of Patents)

References

External links
What is a Patent?

Canadian patent law
Canadian intellectual property law
Alberto Marco Giovanni Ghibellini (born 12 June 1973) is an Italian water polo player. He competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics, where the team won bronze, and in the 2000 Summer Olympics, where the team placed 5th. Ghibellini was born in Genoa.

See also
 Italy men's Olympic water polo team records and statistics
 List of Olympic medalists in water polo (men)

References

External links
 

1973 births
Living people
Italian male water polo players
Olympic water polo players for Italy
Water polo players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Water polo players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for Italy
Olympic medalists in water polo
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Water polo players from Genoa
Romain Poite (born 14 September 1975) is a French former rugby union international referee. Poite retired in November 2021 after refereeing 72 tests, refereeing the third-most international tests in international rugby behind Nigel Owens (Wales) and Wayne Barnes (England). He made his debut in 2006, and has been a referee at three World Cups (2011, 2015, 2019), including the 2019 Final.

He made his World Cup debut as an assistant referee in 2007 during the match between Ireland and Namibia. He also officiated (as touch judge or television match official) during three games in the 2009 Six Nations Championship. He refereed his first Six Nations match in 2010. Poite was appointed to the 10-man elite referees panel for the 2011 Rugby World Cup, where he refereed four matches. He was also appointed to referee the third and deciding Test of the 2013 British & Irish Lions tour against Australia. He was later excluded for a few months from the IRB panel for giving an incorrect yellow card during the 2013 Rugby Championship. Poite famously told the England rugby team "I'm a referee, not a coach", during the 2017 Six Nations Championship match versus Italy. Poite was appointed referee for the third and deciding British & Irish Lions tour of New Zealand.

Personal life
Poite was born in Rochefort, Charente-Maritime, France on 14 September 1975. Pointe studied at the Toulouse Business School and became a member of the National Police of France, and later a road safety instructor prior to being a rugby referee.

References

1975 births
French rugby union referees
Living people
Rugby World Cup referees
Six Nations Championship referees
The Rugby Championship referees
The Radio People is an American broadcasting company, which owns and operates radio stations in Louisiana, Alabama, Florida and Mississippi.

Radio Stations
 WUSJ - 96.3 - Country - Jackson, MS
 WJKK - 98.7 - Adult contemporary - Jackson, MS
 KRVV - 100.1 - Hip-hop - Monroe, LA
 WYOY - 101.7 - Top-40 - Jackson, MS
 KMVX - 101.9 - Urban AC - Monroe, LA
 KJLO - 104.1 - Country - Monroe, LA
 KLIP - 105.3 - Classic Hits - Monroe, LA
 KMLB - 540 - Talk - Monroe, LA
 WMOG - 910 - Urban gospel - Meridian, MS
 KRJO - 1680 - Classic country - Monroe, LA

External links
 

Mass media in Monroe, Louisiana
Mass media companies established in 2008
Radio broadcasting companies of the United States
2008 establishments in Louisiana
The Minister for Education and Welsh Language is a Cabinet minister in the Welsh Government who leads the Department for Education and Skills (DfES) (Welsh: Yr Adran Addysg a Sgiliau). The current officeholder is Jeremy Miles.

The Department is responsible for education, training and children's services in Wales under powers devolved from the Department for Children, Schools and Families of the UK government under Schedule 5 of the Government of Wales Act 2006.

Ministers

See also
 Education in Wales

References

External links
 Department for Education and Skills website

Welsh Government
Education in Wales
Wales
The seventh competition weekend of the 2012–13 ISU Speed Skating World Cup was held in the Eisstadion Inzell in Inzell, Germany, from Saturday, 9 February, until Sunday, 10 February 2013.

Schedule of events
Schedule of the event:

Medal summary

Men's events

Women's events

References

7
Isu World Cup, 2012-13, 7
Sports competitions in Bavaria
Yongin Daejanggeum Park (; ), previously known as MBC Dramia (), is an outdoor film set owned by Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation in the city of Yongin in Gyeonggi province, South Korea.

Background
Built in 2005, the site comprises a total area of 2,500,000m2, out of which actual sets take up 165,000 m2, The complex features permanent sets imitating buildings from the Samguk, Goryeo and Joseon periods, and functions as an interactive center for hallyu. Its name MBC Dramia was created from the words drama" and "utopia". historical drama series like Moon Embracing the Sun, Dong Yi and Queen Seondeok were shot there.

The complex was opened to visitors and tourists on June 21, 2011 for the first time.
Recently in 2015, it was renamed to its current name Yongin Daejanggeum Park, based on the titular character of MBC's 2003 historical drama Dae Jang Geum, for promotional reasons.

Series filmed at Yongin MBC Daejanggeum Park

The following TV series were shot at Yongin MBC Daejanggeum Park:
Shin Don (2005)
Jumong (2006)
Yi San (2007)
Queen Seondeok (2009)
Dong Yi (2010)
The Duo (2011)
Gyebaek (2011)
Moon Embracing the Sun (2012)
God of War (2012)
Dr. Jin (2012)
Arang and the Magistrate (2012)
The King's Doctor (2012)
Hur Jun, The Original Story (2013)
Gu Family Book (2013)
Goddess of Fire (2013)
The King's Daughter, Soo Baek-hyang (2014)
Empress Ki (2014)
Triangle (2014)
The Night Watchman's Journal (2014)
Shine or Go Crazy (2015)
Splendid Politics (2015)
Scholar Who Walks the Night (2015)
Splash Splash Love (2015)
Jang Yeong-sil (2016)
Flower of Prison (2016)
The Rebel: Thief Who Stole the People (2017)
The Emperor: Owner of the Mask (2017)
The King in Love (2017)
The Crowned Clown (2019)
Haechi (2019)
Extraordinary You (2019)
Rookie Historian Goo Hae-ryung (2019)
My Country (2019)
Mr. Queen (2020)

Other uses

Music videos
Stray Kids - "Double Knot (English Ver.)" Performance Video  (2020)
Agust D (BTS' Suga) - "Daechwita" (2020)
ONEUS - "가자 (LIT) (Taekwondo Ver.)" Performance Video (2021)
GHOST9 - "Seoul" (2021)
KINGDOM - "승천 (Ascension)" (2022)

Gallery

See also
Daejanggeum Theme Park

References

External links

Official website

Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation
South Korean film studios
Amusement parks in South Korea
Tourist attractions in Gyeonggi Province
Buildings and structures in Gyeonggi Province
Amusement parks opened in 2011
2011 establishments in South Korea
Ladies and Gentlemen is the second album by Lou Bega, released in 2001.

Track listing
"Just a Gigolo/I Ain't Got Nobody" - 3:49
"You Are My Sunshine" - 3:30
"Calling Her" - 0:52
"God Is a Woman" - 4:05
"Club Elitaire" - 5:03
"Money" - 3:08
"Lady" - 3:27
"Gentleman" - 3:26
"People Lovin' Me" - 3:51
"Crash" - 1:10
"Shit Happens" - 3:23
"Angelina" - 3:17
"Yeah Yeah" - 3:51
"My Answering Machine" - 0:50
"Lonely" - 3:39
"Baby Keep Smiling" (Feat. Compay Segundo) - 3:36

Chart performance

Credits
Vocals: Lou Bega (main performer), Compay Segundo
Producer: Frank Lio, Axel Breitung, Peter Hoff, Donald Fact, DJ Thomilla, Goar B, Zippy Davids
Guitar: Uwe Metzler
Keyboards: Peter Hoff, DJ Thomilla
Harp: Andreas Vollenweider
Horn: Till Brönner
Horn arrangements: Till Brönner
Backing vocals: Axel Breitung, David Whitley, Peter Hoff
Engineering: Peter Hoff, Till Brönner
Mixing: Peter Hoff
Scratching: DJ Thomilla
Cover art: Ronald Reinsberg
Styling: Angelika M. Zwerenz

2001 albums
Lou Bega albums
Louis Agyemang (born 4 April 1983) is a Ghanaian former professional footballer who played as a striker. He is one of the few to have played for Asante Kotoko S.C. and arch rivals Accra Hearts of Oak S.C. subsequently playing for Étoile Sportive du Sahel, Kaizer Chiefs F.C.

Club career
Agyemang was born in Accra.

His previous club was when he was on loan at Dynamos in the South African National First Division, on 5 December 2008 he returned to Asante Kotoko. After two years with Asante Kotoko signed on 20 December 2010 with Medeama S.C.

International career
Agyemang was part of the Ghana national team at the 2006 African Nations Cup in Egypt.

References

External links

Living people
1983 births
Footballers from Accra
Men's association football forwards
Ghanaian men's footballers
Ghana men's international footballers
2006 Africa Cup of Nations players
Accra Hearts of Oak S.C. players
Kaizer Chiefs F.C. players
Étoile Sportive du Sahel players
Dynamos F.C. (South Africa) players
Medeama S.C. players
Ashanti Gold S.C. players
Ghanaian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's soccer players in South Africa
Expatriate men's footballers in Tunisia