Samantha912/NLP_A2_WTH huggingface dataset:
Gabriel Cramer (; 31 July 1704 – 4 January 1752) was a Genevan mathematician. He was the son of physician Jean Cramer and Anne Mallet Cramer.

Biography 
Cramer showed promise in mathematics from an early age. At 18 he received his doctorate and at 20 he was co-chair of mathematics at the University of Geneva.

In 1728 he proposed a solution to the St. Petersburg Paradox that came very close to the concept of expected utility theory given ten years later by Daniel Bernoulli.

He published his best-known work in his forties. This included his treatise on algebraic curves (1750). It contains the earliest demonstration that a curve of the n-th degree is determined by n(n + 3)/2 points on it, in general position. (See Cramer's theorem (algebraic curves).) This led to the misconception that is Cramer's paradox, concerning the number of intersections of two curves compared to the number of points that determine a curve.

He edited the works of the two elder Bernoullis, and wrote on the physical cause of the spheroidal shape of the planets and the motion of their apsides (1730), and on Newton's treatment of cubic curves (1746).

In 1750 he published Cramer's rule, giving a general formula for the solution for any unknown in a linear equation system having a unique solution, in terms of determinants implied by the system. This rule is still standard.

He did extensive travel throughout Europe in the late 1730s, which greatly influenced his works in mathematics. He died in 1752 at Bagnols-sur-Cèze while traveling in southern France to restore his health.

Selected works 

 Quelle est la cause de la figure elliptique des planètes et de la mobilité de leur aphélies?, Geneva, 1730
 . Geneva: Frères Cramer & Cl. Philibert, 1750

See also
 Cramer–Castillon problem
 Devil's curve
 Jean-Louis Calandrini

References 
 "Gabriel Cramer", in Rousseau et les savants genevois, p. 29 
 W. W. Rouse Ball, A Short Account of the History of Mathematics, (4th Edition, 1908)
 Isaac Benguigui, Gabriel Cramer : illustre mathématicien, 1704–1752, Genève, Cramer & Cie, 1998 
 

  Johann Christoph Strodtmann, « Geschichte des Herrn Gabriel Cramer », in Das neue gelehrte Europa […], 4th part, Meissner, 1754 Also digitized by e-rara.ch

External links

 

1704 births
1752 deaths
18th-century scientists from the Republic of Geneva
Fellows of the Royal Society
18th-century mathematicians
Linear algebraists
Mathematicians from the Republic of Geneva
Tarras may refer to:

 Tarras, New Zealand
 Elisabeth Tarras-Wahlberg (born 1950)
 Walter Scott, Earl of Tarras (1644-1693), nobleman
 Dave Tarras (1895-1989), musician

See also

 Tarra (disambiguation)
Vahlberg is a municipality in Wolfenbüttel, a district in Lower Saxony, Germany.

References

Wolfenbüttel (district)
The City Opera House is located at 106-112 Front Street in Traverse City, Michigan.  It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1971 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

History
In 1891, entrepreneurs Perry Hannah, Charles Wilhelm, Tony Bartok, and Frank Votruba owned the property where the opera house now stands.  They hired architect E. R. Prall of Pontiac, Michigan to design this structure, and builder John Wilhelm to construct it.  At the time of construction, it was the first building in Traverse City to use electric lights. The City Opera House provided a 1200-seat performance space for traveling artists as well as a perfect setting for formal balls, such as an Installation Ball held in 1892.

In 1920, a local movie house leased the building and shuttered it to eliminate competition.  it was leased through the 1940s, and remained closed until 1985.  In 1978, work began to raise money for restoration.  In 1980, the owners gave the structure to the city, and restoration work began in 1985. In 2005, the bulk of a 30-year and 8.5 million dollar restoration was completed.

Description
The City Opera House is a square, three-story, building constructed of red brick.  It measures  on each side.  The ground floor houses commercial tenants; the opera house proper is located on the upper floors. Since completion of the restoration, the City Opera house has seating for 710 people, arches with trompe-l'œil clouds and a dome ornamented with angelic putti, a two-story oriel window, an acoustic stage shell, modern theatre rigging and complete facilities for catered events.

References

External links
 City Opera House, Traverse City

Music venues completed in 1891
Buildings and structures in Grand Traverse County, Michigan
Traverse City, Michigan
Theatres in Michigan
Tourist attractions in Grand Traverse County, Michigan
Event venues established in 1891
1891 establishments in Michigan
Michigan State Historic Sites
National Register of Historic Places in Grand Traverse County, Michigan
Opera houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan
Wild Things with Dominic Monaghan is a wildlife documentary series commissioned by Channel 5 and BBC America and presented by actor Dominic Monaghan, who also serves as an executive producer for the show. Each hour-long episode follows Monaghan, an avid outdoorsman, as he travels to a new exotic location in search of "some of the most dangerous and elusive creatures known to man." The show's eight-episode first series premiered in the UK on 9 November 2012 and in the U.S. on 22 January 2013, and was nominated for Best Reality Series at the 3rd Annual Critics' Choice Television Awards. In June 2013, Wild Things with Dominic Monaghan was renewed for a second series, which premiered in the U.S. on 25 March 2014 on BBC America. After Channel 5 elected not to acquire the second season, BBC Worldwide acquired the international rights to the show. In the U.S., the third season aired on the Travel Channel instead of BBC America. It originally aired in prime time on Wednesdays, but later moved to Saturday mornings.

The show was nominated for the Outstanding Unstructured Reality Program at the 66th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards.

Episode list

Series 1 (2013)

Series 2 (2014)

Series 3 (2016)

References

External links
 Wild Things with Dominic Monaghan - Official Site (Travel Channel)
 
 

Nature educational television series
Whitney Hubbs (born 1977) is an American photographer, living in western New York. Her work is held in the collections of the J. Paul Getty Museum and UCR/California Museum of Photography.

Early life and education
Hubbs was born and raised in Los Angeles, California. She graduated with a degree in photography from California College of the Arts in 2005 and received an MFA from the University of Southern California in 2009.

Life and work
With the series Body Doubles, "she photographed women in various states of undress, their faces obscured by a variety of textured papers and fabrics in bold colors" "in poses that defy the conventional language of nude photography." "The series was her way of showering off the male gaze by looking at women through her own eyes."

Her book Say So (2021) contains self-portraits that could, in the words of Chris Wiley writing in frieze, "be superficially described as sadomasochistic erotica, since they feature Hubbs in a variety of compromising positions (bound and gagged, piss-covered, breasts plastered with glistening blobs of pink chewing gum) and in various states of undress." However, "when we plumb their depths, these pictures reveal themselves as being less about titillation and more about universal, close-to-the-bone emotional struggles, and Hubbs's attempt to overcome them."

Hubbs is a professor of photography at Alfred University in Western New York.

Publications
Woman In Motion. Los Angeles: Hesse, 2017. . 
Say So. London: Self Publish, Be Happy, 2021. . With an essay by Chris Kraus. Edition of 1000 copies.

Solo exhibitions
Whitney Hubbs, Situations, New York City, 2020

Collections
Hubbs' work is held in the following permanent collections:
J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA: 5 prints (as of 26 March 2022)
UCR/California Museum of Photography, College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences at University of California, Riverside, CA: 1 print (as of 26 March 2022)

References

External links

Alfred University faculty
American women photographers
21st-century American photographers
Photographers from Los Angeles
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
California College of the Arts alumni
Living people
1977 births
Leonard Stogel (September 23, 1934 – May 25, 1979) was an American music business manager, promoter, record producer and executive for the music festivals California Jam, California Jam II, and Canada Jam. He also managed Sweathog, The Cowsills, Sam the Sham, Tommy James & The Shondells, Lee Michaels, Napoleon XIV, The Royal Guardsmen, Boyce and Hart, and other musical groups. He was killed in the crash of American Airlines Flight 191 on May 25, 1979. Stogel's parents, Julius and Doris (Eisenberg) Stogel, had perished on American Airlines Flight 1 on March 1, 1962.

References

External links
Lenny Stogel - IMDB

RateYourMusic

Discogs

1934 births
1979 deaths
Accidental deaths in Illinois
American music industry executives
American music managers
Burials at Mount Sinai Memorial Park Cemetery
Music promoters
American record producers
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1979
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in the United States
20th-century American Jews
Amolita perstriata is a species of moth in the family Erebidae first described by George Hampson in 1910. The species is found on the Bahamas. Its wingspan is about 22 mm.

Description
Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous white; palpi pale rufous; fore and mid-legs and hind tarsi tinged with brown. Forewing ochreous white sparsely irrorated (sprinkled) with black; a faint brownish fascia in the cell; two minute black points on the upper part of the middle of the cell and two at the upper angle; the interspaces of costal area tinged with brown towards apex; a faint diffused brown fascia from termen below apex to submedian fold where it terminates in a black point; a terminal series of black points. Hindwing white faintly tinged with ochreous. Underside of forewing and costal area of hindwing tinged with ochreous, the costa and termen of both wings slightly irrorated with brown; both wings with terminal series of black points.

References

External links
 

Omopterini
Moths of the Caribbean
The Taita shrew (Suncus aequatorius) is an extant species of white-toothed shrew from two localities in the Taita Hills mountain range in the Taita-Taveta District of southwestern Kenya. Given the continuing decline in the quality of this habitat, and the limitations in its range, the IUCN recognises the shrew as an endangered species.

References

Further reading
Aggundey, I. R. and Schlitter, D. A. (1986). Annotated checklist of the mammals of Kenya. II. Insectivora and Macroscelidea. Annals of Carnegie Museum 55: 325-347.
Heim de Balsac, H. and Meester, J. (1977). Order Insectivora. In: J. Meester and H. W. Setzer (eds), The Mammals of Africa: An Identification Manual, pp. 1–29. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., USA.
Oguge, N., Hutterer, R. Odhiambo, R. and Verheyen, W. (2004). Diversity and structure of shrew communities in montane forests of southeast Kenya. Mammalian Biology 69: 289-301.

Suncus
Endemic fauna of Kenya
Mammals of Kenya
Mammals described in 1912
Taxa named by Edmund Heller
The sénatoreries were the great properties distributed by Napoléon Bonaparte to senators in an implicit exchange for their docility towards his regime, as it became less and less democratic, starting on 4 January 1803.  They were created by the  sénatus-consulte of the sénat conservateur of 14 nivôse year XI (4 January 1803).

For example, Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès received a large domain near Cosne-sur-Loire.

Sources
J. Monnier & A. Jardin, 1789–1848, Nathan.

First French Empire
Charcoal () is a 2022 Argentine-Brazilian drama film written and directed by Carolina Markowicz.

Plot 
In the São Paulo countryside, a rural peasant family struggle to care for their ailing patriarch; one day, however, an Argentine drug lord arrives with an offer to give them a substantial amount of money conditional on permitting him to kill the old man and take his place as part of his efforts to hide out from criminal prosecution.

Cast 
 César Bordón as Miguel
 Rômulo Braga
 Jean de Almeida Costa as Jean
 Maeve Jinkings as Irene
 Camila Márdila as Luciana
 Aline Marta Maia
 Pedro Wagner

Release 
The film premiered in the Platform Prize program at the 2022 Toronto International Film Festival on September 11, 2022. It also screened as part of the Latin Horizons program at the 70th San Sebastián International Film Festival.

References

External links 
 

2022 films
2022 black comedy films
2022 drama films
Argentine black comedy films
Brazilian black comedy films
2020s Spanish-language films
2020s Portuguese-language films
2020s Argentine films
Films about euthanasia
Films about suicide
Works about organized crime in Brazil
The Facsimile project is a 3D, discrete-event simulation library that can be used for industrial simulation projects in an engineering and/or manufacturing environment.

Facsimile simulations run on the Java Virtual Machine under Linux, Mac OS, BSD, Unix and Microsoft's Windows.

Facsimile is open-source/free software and is distributed under version 3 of the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPLv3).

After a fairly lengthy hiatus, commencing around 2008, Facsimile development is once more active, as of November 2012.

External links
 
 Facsimile development hosted on GitHub

Free simulation software
Free computer libraries
Buildings in Mississippi taller than 300 ft (91 m)

See also
List of tallest buildings in Jackson, Mississippi

References

Tallest
Mississippi
Hesar-e Sopurghan (, also Romanized as Ḩeşār-e Sopūrghān; also known as Ḩeşār-e Soporghān) is a village in Tala Tappeh Rural District, Nazlu District, Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 141, in 45 families.

References 

Populated places in Urmia County
James Peckham (c. 1346 – 1400) was an English politician.

Life
Peckham was the eldest son of John and Ellen Peckham of Yaldham, near Wrotham, Kent. His first wife was named Margery. At some point by December 1376, he was married to the widow Lora Morant, the sole daughter and heir of Sir Thomas Morant, of Morant's Court, Chevening and widow of Sir Thomas Cawne. She brought him, among other estates, the manor of Barsted, near Borough Green, in Wrotham. He had two legitimate daughters and an acknowledged illegitimate son, John Wrotham. He is recorded as helpful to his stepchildren, Robert and Alice Couen, the children of his second wife Lora.

Career
In 1377, he was poll tax collector for Kent.

Peckham was Member of Parliament for Kent 1372, October 1377, February 1383, February 1388,
and September 1388.

He was appointed Sheriff of Kent in 1380 and 1389.

References

1400 deaths
English MPs 1372
1346 births
English MPs October 1377
High Sheriffs of Kent
English MPs February 1383
English MPs February 1388
English MPs September 1388
People from Wrotham
Oswaldo Álvarez Paz (born February 10, 1943) is a Venezuelan politician.

He was born in Maracaibo, Zulia and graduated in law from the University of Zulia. He was a Member of the Republic's Congress for over 20 years (periods from 1966 to 1993), president of the Venezuelan Chamber of Deputies (1975 to 1979) and participated/directed the most important commissions of the Venezuelan Parliament.

Career 
He was Rafael Caldera's campaign manager for the 1983 Venezuelan presidential election. In December 1989, he became the first governor of the State of Zulia to be elected by the people, being re-elected for a second period in December 1992.

On April 25, 1993, his party, COPEI, held open primary elections to choose a presidential candidate for the 1993 Venezuelan presidential election; almost 20% of Venezuela's 9.8m voters participated in the primary. Álvarez Paz defeated COPEI party leader Eduardo Fernández, resigning his position as governor in order to run. In the campaign Paz supported privatization and foreign investment, and said he aimed for Venezuela to join the North American Free Trade Agreement; he identified the contemporary political figure he admired most as Ronald Reagan. Oswaldo Alvarez Paz obtained 22.7% of the votes, in an election where the winner, Rafael Caldera, won with 30.5%.

In May 2005 Alvarez Paz created a new party called "Alianza Popular" (Popular Alliance), organization that, as it states in its by-laws, defends and promotes freedom, democracy State of Law and human rights, as well as the promotion and protection of private property, the contribution to poverty eradication and the disappearing of corruption.

On 22 March 2010, Oswaldo Alvarez Paz was arrested for remarks made during a broadcast of the Globovisión talkshow Aló Ciudadano ("Hello Citizen"). Álvarez Paz had said "Venezuela has turned into a center of operations that facilitates the business of drug trafficking." He also accused "Chavez of being a subversive element and having direct links with FARC and ETA." He was charged with conspiracy, and with spreading false information and publicly inciting violation of the law, and was sentenced to serve two years in prison. He was released on bail in mid May 2010.

References

External links
 El Universal Álvarez Paz columns

1943 births
Living people
Governors of Zulia
People from Maracaibo
Presidents of the Venezuelan Chamber of Deputies
Copei politicians
Prisoners and detainees of Venezuela
Candidates for President of Venezuela
Snake charmer or snake charming most commonly refers to the Indian practice of "hypnotizing" snakes.

Snake charmer may also refer to:

Music
Snake charmer song, also known as "The Streets of Cairo", or "The Poor Little Country Maid"
"Snake charmer" (song) by Teddy Powell  (composer) and Leonard Whitcup (lyricist), published 1937
Snakecharmer (album), by Sort Sol
Snake Charmer (EP), an EP by Jah Wobble, The Edge and Holger Czukay
"Snake Charmer" (Rainbow song), by Rainbow on their 1975 album Ritchie Blackmore's Rainbow
"Snake Charmer" (song), by Panjabi MC
"Snakecharmer", a song by the band Rage Against The Machine from the album Evil Empire
Snakecharmer, a band and their eponymous debut album headed by Micky Moody

Arts
The Snake Charmer, an oil-on-canvas Orientalist painting by French artist Jean-Léon Gérôme produced around 1879.
The Snake Charmer (Rousseau), 1907 painting by French artist Henri Rousseau
Snake-charmer stone, a picture stone found at Smiss, När socken, Gotland, Sweden

Other
Snake Charmer (shotgun), a .410 gauge, stainless steel, single shot, break-action shotgun
A famous "incident" on the UK game show Catchphrase
Bill (Kill Bill), also known as Snake Charmer, a character from the Kill Bill films

See also
Snake handling (disambiguation)
Linger Ficken' Good ... and Other Barnyard Oddities is the third studio album by American industrial rock band Revolting Cocks. The title is a satirical spoonerism of the advertising slogan employed by KFC in the 1970s—"Finger Lickin''' Good."

Videos were made for two singles, the first of which was the cover of "Da Ya Think I'm Sexy?" which was directed by David F. Friedman and featured Chris Connelly prominently, interacting with the patrons of a sleazy strip club, including Friedman, Jewel Shepard and Linnea Quigley, and being horrified when the club switches into a nightmarish environment (exterior shots were filmed in front of the Ridglea Theater in Fort Worth, Texas). The second video was for "Crackin' Up", which was played on an episode of Beavis & Butthead.

Track listing
All tracks by Revolting Cocks unless noted.

SinglesDa Ya Think I'm Sexy? (1993)
 "Da Ya Think I'm Sexy?"
 "Sergio Guitar" (alternate version of "Sergio")
 "Wrong Sexy Mix" (alternate version of "The Rockabye")Crackin' Up (1994)
 "Crackin' Up [Video Edit]"
 "Crackin' Up [Amyl Nitrate Mix]"
 "Gila Copter [Version 2]"

Personnel

Revolting Cocks
Al Jourgensen – programming, production, guitar, emceeing & backing vocals (4)
Luc van Acker
Chris Connelly – vocals (2-9), programming, drum programming (7), production
William Rieflin – drums, organ (6), programming, production
Paul Barker – bass, programming, production

Revolving Cocks
Mike Scaccia – guitar
Roland Barker – keyboards, saxophone (3, 5, 6), programming
Louis Svitek – guitar
Duane Buford – keyboards, spoken word (10)
Duane Denison – guitar
Timothy Leary – spoken word (1)

Revolting Pussies
Patty Jourgensen – spoken word (10)
Kim Assaley – spoken word (10)

Additional personnel
Steve Spapperi – engineer
Paul Manno – engineer
Critter – engineer
Tom Baker – mastering
Rick Buscher – cover art
Michael Balch – programming (4, uncredited)

Samples
"Gila Copter" - "You have the power!"
Sampled from the scene in the 1991 film The Silence of the Lambs in which the mother of the kidnapped woman addresses the kidnapper on television, pleading with him to free her daughter.

"Crackin' Up" - "What's in the bag, man...?"
Spoken by Christoper Pray in a scene in the 1971 film Dirty Harry in which Harry encounters a bunch of would-be muggers in a tunnel.

"Crackin' Up" - "Crack rock 'n' shit!", "Got some blow?/Got some rock?", "Pushin' the rock", "Always trying to start some shit...!"
Sampled from the 1991 film Boyz n the Hood''.

References

1993 albums
Revolting Cocks albums
Sire Records albums
Olof Godlieb de Wet (1739–1811) was a South African high-ranking official in the Dutch East India Company and co-founder of the Freemasons in South Africa.

Personal life

He  was born in middle 1739 in Cape Town, South Africa. De Wet's grandfather Jacobus de Wet emigrated from Amsterdam, The Netherlands in 1693 to South Africa.  His parents were Maria Magdalena Blankenberg and Johannes Carolus de Wet. He married  Magdalena Saria Maria Butger in July 1761, and out of their marriage one child was born. He died at age 72 in Cape Town, South Africa  on 6 December  1811.

Work path

He started his working career in the Dutch East India Company (DEIC) in 1757. Through the years he stayed with the DEIC and started as assistant and followed that up with a bookkeeper (1768), office manager (1772), buyer (1775) and then a member of the Council of Justice  in 1778. This was followed by work as a store manager (1782) and auctions manager(1785). 

In this period he acted as Journal Writer  and assistant for Governor Joachim van Plettenberg, on the governor's trips.  
 
De Wet became the  president of the Council of Commissioners for Civil and Matrimonial Affairs, in 1787. He was the president of the Council of Justice and Receiver of Revenue, in 1791 and 1793 respectively.

In the  beginning  of 1795, de Wet led an official commission that went to Graaff-Reinet to look into complaints by the residents against, Magistrate Honoratius Maynier . This was  done  on instructions received from  Commissioner General   Abraham  Sluijsken.

Freemasons

In 1772 de Wet together with the  German banker Chiron, the Dutch Ships Captain van der Weijden  and locals ( Brand, de Wit, le Febre, van Schoor, Gie, and Pieter Soermans) started the first  Freemasonry movement in South Africa.

References 

1739 births
1811 deaths
People from Cape Town
South African Freemasons
Bill Nalder (born 14 August 1952) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Notes

External links 

Bill Nalder's playing statistics from The VFA Project

Living people
1952 births
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Richmond Football Club players
Preston Football Club (VFA) players