### Human: Who determines the colour specifications for the Indian Organic Logo? ### Assistant: The colour specifications for the Indian Organic Logo are determined by the regulatory authorities responsible for organic certification. These authorities establish the specific colours that must be used to maintain consistency and ensure the logo represents certified organic products.


### Human: What is the nature of damage caused by the plume moth? ### Assistant: The plume moth larvae bore into unopened flower buds to consume the developing anthers. They also scrap the surface of the pods and then bore into them, but they never enter the pod completely.


### Human: Why are adaptable crops or crop rotation important? ### Assistant: Adaptable crops or crop rotation are important because they offer numerous benefits for sustainable agriculture. By diversifying the crops grown in a particular area through crop rotation, farmers can reduce the risk of soil erosion, nutrient depletion, and pest infestations. Different crops have different nutrient requirements and contribute to the overall nutrient balance of the soil. Moreover, adaptable crops can better withstand environmental stresses, such as drought or excessive rainfall, thereby increasing the resilience of farming systems. By incorporating adaptable crops or crop rotation practices, farmers can enhance soil health, improve yield stability, and promote long-term sustainability.


### Human: Is the yellow hairy caterpillar considered a major or minor pest? ### Assistant: The yellow hairy caterpillar is considered a minor pest.


### Human: How do symbionts like rhizobia and mycorrhiza help plants? ### Assistant: Symbionts like rhizobia and mycorrhiza help plants by increasing the efficiency of nutrient acquisition. They form beneficial relationships with plants, where rhizobia help fix atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for the plants, and mycorrhiza enhance the plant's ability to absorb nutrients from the soil.


### Human: What is the requirement for the Shareholder List and Share Capital contribution? ### Assistant: The requirement for the Shareholder List and Share Capital contribution is to have it verified and certified by a Chartered Accountant (CA) prior to submission.


### Human: What are the consequences for the FPC if they fail to issue additional shares to members within 45 days? ### Assistant: If the FPC fails to issue additional shares to its members within 45 days, the SFAC has the right to recall the Equity Grant amount. This means that the FPC will have to return the funding that was provided to them as part of the Equity Grant.


### Human: What is the estimated cost for the activity? ### Assistant: The estimated cost for the activity is approximately Rs. 40,000/-.


### Human: What is the shin in a moldboard plow? What role does it play? ### Assistant: The shin in a moldboard plow is a curved piece of metal that helps to direct the soil flow and improve the performance of the plow.


### Human: Why does nectar have a cloudy appearance? ### Assistant: The cloudiness in nectar and other beverages is due to the presence of polysaccharides such as pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and starch. These compounds contribute to the thickness and cloudiness of the nectar and give it a unique visual appearance.


### Human: What is the order of Diamond back moth? ### Assistant: Diamond back moth belongs to the order Lepidoptera.


### Human: What are some of the brinjal varieties that farmers can grow? ### Assistant: Farmers have several options when it comes to brinjal varieties. They can choose to grow varieties like Pusa Purple Long, Pusa Purple Round, Pusa Purple Cluster, Pusa Kranti, Pusa Anmol, Swarna Shri, Swarna Mani, Swarna Pratibha, Swarna Shyamali, and Swarna Ajay.


### Human: What is the recommended concentration of neem oil for spraying in large cardamom? ### Assistant: For spraying in large cardamom, neem oil is recommended to be used at a concentration of 1500 ppm, which is equivalent to 3-5 ml per liter of water.


### Human: In what type of juice does araban produce a haze during storage? ### Assistant: Araban produces a haze in concentrated juices, where it has limited solubility, during storage.


### Human: How does following the recommended schedules help in water saving? ### Assistant: Following the recommended sowing and transplanting schedules helps in water saving. By sowing the nursery and transplanting the crop within the specified time frames, farmers can make efficient use of water resources. This allows for better irrigation management and reduces water wastage.


### Human: What should be done after drying cashew nuts? ### Assistant: After drying cashew nuts for 7 to 8 days, it is recommended to store them in dry places. This ensures that the cashew nuts remain in good condition and are protected from moisture.


### Human: Why is acid added to the extraction solution when extracting pectin? ### Assistant: Acid is added to the extraction solution when extracting pectin because it helps in increasing the conversion of protopectin to pectin.


### Human: How many directors are required for the registration of a Public Limited Company? ### Assistant: A minimum of 3 directors are required for the registration of a Public Limited Company.


### Human: What should be done at the time of thinning jute plants? ### Assistant: At the time of thinning jute plants, one hand weeding should be done.


### Human: What is the growth habit of these plants? ### Assistant: These plants have an erect growth habit, meaning they grow vertically without leaning or bending.


### Human: What is the overall goal of the preliminary operations in canning? ### Assistant: The overall goal of the preliminary operations in canning is to prepare the raw material for the actual canning process. These operations ensure that the raw material is clean, free from contaminants, uniform in size and quality, and has its natural color, texture, and nutritional value preserved. By performing these preliminary operations, the canning industry can produce high-quality canned products that are safe to consume, visually appealing, and have an extended shelf life.


### Human: How can 'closure the spacing' contribute to sustainable farming practices? ### Assistant: 'Closure the spacing' can contribute to sustainable farming practices in several ways. Firstly, by maximizing land utilization, farmers can produce more food or crops in a smaller area, reducing the need for deforestation or expansion of agricultural land into natural habitats. Secondly, by reducing the spacing between plants, the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides can be minimized, as plants can naturally support each other through nutrient sharing and pest control mechanisms. Additionally, 'closure the spacing' promotes better resource management, including efficient water usage and reduced weed pressure. Overall, this practice supports the goal of maximizing productivity while minimizing environmental impact, leading towards a more sustainable and responsible farming approach.


### Human: What are some of the suitable ingredients that can be added to jam? ### Assistant: Jam can contain additional ingredients that are suitable for the product. These ingredients can include but are not limited to spices, herbs, pectin, citric acid, or other flavor enhancers. The choice of additional ingredients depends on the desired flavor profile and product characteristics.


### Human: What is the purpose of spraying the crop with Benlate? ### Assistant: Spraying the crop with Benlate is done to protect the crop from fungal diseases. Benlate is a fungicide that helps control and prevent the growth of fungi that can cause diseases in crops. By applying Benlate, farmers can help safeguard their crops against fungal infections, promoting healthier plant growth and higher crop yields.


### Human: What is the 4th year Composite KCC Limit for? ### Assistant: The 4th year Composite KCC Limit is the maximum amount of credit that a farmer can avail for agricultural purposes during the 4th year of the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme. It is calculated by adding the amounts of A4 and B, where A4 is ₹19,030 and B is ₹15,000.


### Human: How are green coffee beans prepared for storage? ### Assistant: Green coffee beans are dried, cleaned and packed usually in 60 kg bags before they are stored.


### Human: What seed treatment should be applied before sowing paddy seeds? ### Assistant: Before sowing paddy seeds, it is recommended to apply seed treatment. For this, you can add 6 grams of streptocycline and 12 grams of Amsan-6 to 24 liters of water. Then dip 25 kilograms of seeds into this solution for 8 to 10 hours. After that, dry the seeds and treat them with Thairum at a rate of 3 grams per kilogram of seeds before sowing.


### Human: How much DAP should be applied for Hybrid and Composite varieties under irrigated conditions? ### Assistant: For Hybrid varieties, the recommended quantity of DAP under irrigated conditions is 8.15 kg per kanal, while for Composite varieties, it is 6.5 kg per kanal.


### Human: How is instant coffee commercially prepared? ### Assistant: Instant coffee is commercially prepared through a process called freeze-drying or spray drying. During freeze-drying, the liquid coffee is frozen and then the ice is removed through sublimation, resulting in dry particles. Spray drying involves spraying a fine mist of liquid coffee into a hot chamber, where the water evaporates, leaving behind fine coffee particles.


### Human: When should deep ploughing be done in fields? ### Assistant: Deep ploughing should be done after harvesting summer crops, but only in fields where there is sufficient moisture. This is particularly important in fields that commonly experience wilt, stem rot, and armature disease. The goal of deep ploughing in these fields is to facilitate soil solarisation, which can improve the overall health of the soil.


### Human: What is the eligibility criteria for Lending Institutions to receive the Credit Guarantee Cover from CGF? ### Assistant: The eligibility criteria for Lending Institutions to receive the Credit Guarantee Cover from CGF is based on certain requirements specified by CGF.


### Human: When should the transplanting of the rice seedlings be completed? ### Assistant: The transplanting of the rice seedlings should be completed during July when they are 30-35 days old.


### Human: What is bio-efficacy? ### Assistant: Bio-efficacy refers to the effectiveness or ability of a substance, such as a pesticide or insecticide, to control or eliminate a specific pest or target organism.


### Human: How does water promote healthy digestion? ### Assistant: Water plays a significant role in promoting healthy digestion. It helps to soften and break down food, allowing the digestive enzymes to work effectively. Additionally, water aids in the movement of food through the digestive system, ensuring smooth digestion and preventing issues like constipation. It also helps in the absorption of nutrients from the digested food, allowing our body to receive the necessary energy and building blocks for growth and repair. Adequate hydration with water is thus important for maintaining a healthy digestive system.


### Human: What is the key point to note in debt financing? ### Assistant: The key point to note in debt financing is the rate of interest charged. When borrowing money through debt financing, the entrepreneur will have to pay interest on the borrowed amount, and the rate of interest can vary depending on various factors such as the creditworthiness of the borrower and prevailing market conditions.


### Human: What is the impact of powdery mildew on these plants? ### Assistant: Powdery mildew can affect the growth and health of these plants.


### Human: What are mills used for in relation to plums and apricots? ### Assistant: Mills are used to crush plums and apricots without breaking the stones in order to avoid changes in the juice flavor and storage instability.


### Human: Why is acid added to the extraction solution? ### Assistant: Acid is added to the extraction solution to increase the amount of pectin extracted.


### Human: Do public sector institutions provide their services for free or at a cost? ### Assistant: Some public sector institutions may provide their services free, while others may charge a nominal cost for their services.


### Human: At which stage of crop diversification should the fourth spray of Jeevamrut be done in the Jowar crop? ### Assistant: The fourth spray of Jeevamrut in the Jowar crop should be done 24 days after the third spray. It is an essential step in the nutrient management program for the crop. By applying the fourth spray at this stage, the crop receives a final boost of nutrients before reaching maturity. This contributes to better overall crop health and higher yield potential.


### Human: Why is soil fertility management important in organic production? ### Assistant: Soil fertility management is crucial in organic production because it focuses on maintaining and improving the health of the soil without the use of synthetic chemicals. Organic farmers use natural techniques such as composting, crop rotation, green manure, and biological pest control to nourish the soil, enhance its structure, and support the growth of healthy plants. This helps in maintaining the long-term sustainability and fertility of the soil.


### Human: How does the Spotted pod borer cause damage? ### Assistant: The Spotted pod borer feeds on the seeds by boring into the pods. The larvae of the Spotted pod borer are responsible for this damage.


### Human: What is required to be verified and certified by a Chartered Accountant (CA) prior to submission? ### Assistant: The shareholder list and share capital contribution by each member need to be verified and certified by a Chartered Accountant (CA) prior to submission.


### Human: What is the aim of the scheme? ### Assistant: The aim of the scheme is to supplement the financial needs of all landholding farmers' families in procuring various inputs to ensure proper crop health and appropriate yields.


### Human: When is the best time to transplant coconut seedlings? ### Assistant: The best time to transplant coconut seedlings is during the South-west monsoon in well drained soils.


### Human: What role does Food Safety and Quality play in the International Food Trade? ### Assistant: Food Safety and Quality are paramount in the International Food Trade. In order to participate and succeed in this trade, it is essential for India to prioritize food safety and ensure that its food products meet international quality standards. This includes adhering to regulations, implementing good manufacturing practices, conducting rigorous quality control checks, and maintaining proper hygiene throughout the food production and distribution processes. By prioritizing food safety and quality, India can build a reputation as a reliable supplier and gain trust in the international market.


### Human: What happens to the food material during drying? ### Assistant: During drying, moisture is removed from the food material, causing it to become smaller in size.


### Human: Where should the caked up litter be disposed of? ### Assistant: The caked up litter should be disposed of in a far-off place from the farm.


### Human: What is the recommended minimum distance between hills during transplanting? ### Assistant: The recommended minimum distance between hills during transplanting is 10 cm. This ensures that there is sufficient space between the hills for the rice canopies to grow and provide shade to suppress weed growth. If the distance between hills is less than 10 cm, there may not be enough space for the rice canopies to develop fully, leading to inadequate weed control.


### Human: What is the depreciation rate for the refrigerator? ### Assistant: The depreciation rate for the refrigerator is 10%.


### Human: What color is the flesh of the roots? ### Assistant: The flesh of the roots is dark crimson-red in color.


### Human: What are some examples of manipulation of certification regulations? ### Assistant: Some examples of manipulation of certification regulations include creating exceptions that allow the use of non-organic inputs without losing the certification status. Another example is the creative interpretation of standards to technically fulfill the requirements but not truly follow the spirit of the certification.


### Human: What are the criteria for the calculation of the Equity Grant for shareholder members? ### Assistant: The criteria for the calculation of the Equity Grant for shareholder members are as follows: (i) The allocation of shares is based on a matching/pro-rata basis of the shareholders' current shareholding, ensuring that each shareholder member receives at least one equity share. (ii) If the Grant received by the FPO is not sufficient to ensure a minimum of one share to all its shareholder members, the allocation of the grant is based on the shareholders' current landholding. The shareholder/member with the least landholding or the smallest producer in case of allied activities is given priority. If identification based on landholding is not possible, a transparent draw of lots is conducted to allocate the grant.


### Human: What is the IARI Variety Release Committee? ### Assistant: The IARI Variety Release Committee is a committee responsible for releasing varieties of crops that have been developed by the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI). They evaluate the characteristics and performance of new varieties before approving their release for wider cultivation.


### Human: What is the average yield of KRH-2 hybrid paddy? ### Assistant: The average yield of KRH-2 hybrid paddy is 30-35 kuntal per hectare.


### Human: What should be skipped if the recommended dose of phosphorus was applied to the preceding wheat crop? ### Assistant: If the recommended dose of phosphorus was applied to the preceding wheat crop, phosphorus application should be skipped.


### Human: How can bacterial contamination in culture trays be prevented? ### Assistant: Bacterial contamination in culture trays can be prevented by treating them with 0.05% streptomycin sulphate.


### Human: What are the notable features of the cultivar's roots? ### Assistant: The roots of the cultivar have a deep-orange cortex and a yellow core, which make them visually distinct. These features contribute to the overall market appeal and desirability of the cultivar.


### Human: What are the resistances to heat transfer in drying? ### Assistant: There are four resistances to heat transfer in drying. The first resistance is the resistance to external heat transfer.


### Human: What are some of the activities supported by NABARD to access markets for the POs? ### Assistant: Some of the activities supported by NABARD to access markets for the Producer Organizations (POs) include credit and/or grant support for setting up marketing infrastructure facilities, support for marketing through rural haats and rural marts, and facilitating tie-ups with buyers for the POs' produce.


### Human: What should be considered while catching and selling fish? ### Assistant: While catching and selling fish, one should be aware of the gathering of fish and maintain social distancing at any cost.


### Human: What types of weeds infest paddy crop? ### Assistant: Several grassy weeds, broadleaf weeds, and sedges can infest paddy crop.


### Human: Why is the market a parameter for impact assessment? ### Assistant: The market is a parameter for impact assessment as it focuses on evaluating the project's impact on the agricultural market. It includes analyzing changes in market dynamics, prices, demand and supply patterns, value chains, and market access for farmers or producers. Understanding the project's influence on the market helps assess its effectiveness in creating favorable conditions for farmers to sell their produce and generate income.


### Human: How long should rice seeds be soaked in fungicidal solutions? ### Assistant: Rice seeds should be soaked in fungicidal solutions for 24 hours.


### Human: How is the organic food processing industry considered? ### Assistant: The organic food processing industry is considered nature-friendly and is encouraged.


### Human: What is the composite KCC limit for the 4th year? ### Assistant: The composite KCC limit for the 4th year is the sum of A4 and B, which is equal to ₹34,030.