Internet_service_provider

context: An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned.
qas: answers: text: Internet service provider
question: What does ISP stand for?

answers: text: provides services for accessing, using, the Internet
question: what does an isp do?

answers: text: commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned
question: What forms can an isp be organized in?

context: Internet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation.
qas: answers: text: ISPs
question: What type of organization provides internet access?

answers: text: Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation
question: What are some services provided by an isp?

context: The Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web.
qas: answers: text: a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities
question: Why was the internet developed?

answers: text: 1980s
question: when was the internet developed?

answers: text: a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet
question: what happened to the internet in the late 1980s?

answers: text: 1995
question: When were remaining restrictions on the internet removed?

answers: text: 4 years
question: how long after the introduction of the world wide web was 1995?

context: In 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989.
qas: answers: text: Australia and the United States
question: Where were the first isps established?

answers: text: Brookline, Massachusetts
question: where was the first commercial isp in the us located? 

answers: text: November 1989
question: when was the first commercial isp customer served?

answers: text: 1989
question: when were the first commercial isps established?

answers: text: The World
question: what was the name of the first commercial isp in the us?

context: On 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying ("with some caveats") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.
qas: answers: text: ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content
question: What would the absence of net neutrality permit? 

answers: text: municipal broadband
question: what may possibly be a solution to net neutrality concerns? 

answers: text: a telecommunications service
question: how did president obama recommend to classify the internet? 

answers: text: Title II (common carrier)
question: what did the fcc choose to apply to the internet? 

answers: text: telecommunications
question: what would the internet be classified as based on title ii? 

context: On 26 February 2015, the FCC ruled in favor of net neutrality by adopting Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 and Section 706 in the Telecommunications act of 1996 to the Internet. The FCC Chairman, Tom Wheeler, commented, "This is no more a plan to regulate the Internet than the First Amendment is a plan to regulate free speech. They both stand for the same concept."
qas: answers: text: February 2015
question: When did the FCC rule on net neturality?

answers: text: in favor
question: How did the FCC rule on net neutrality?

answers: text: Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934
question: what did the FCC adopt for the internet? 

answers: text: the First Amendment
question: what amendment did the chairman of the FCC compare this ruling to? 

answers: text: free speech
question: what did the FCC chairman say both the internet and the first amendment stand for?

context: On 12 March 2015, the FCC released the specific details of the net neutrality rules. On 13 April 2015, the FCC published the final rule on its new "Net Neutrality" regulations.
qas: answers: text: 13 April 2015
question: When did the FCC publish its final rule on net neutrality regulations?

context:  ISPs provide Internet access, employing a range of technologies to connect users to their network. Available technologies have ranged from computer modems with acoustic couplers to telephone lines, to television cable (CATV), wireless Ethernet (wi-fi), and fiber optics.
qas: answers: text: Internet access
question: What do ISPs provide?

answers: text: a range of technologies to connect users to their network
question: how do isps provide internet access?

answers: text: television cable (CATV)
question: what is one type of technology used to connect to the internet? 

answers: text: wireless Ethernet (wi-fi)
question: what type of technology is used to connect to the internet wirelessly? 

answers: text: telephone lines
question: what was an earlier technology used to connect to the internet? 

context: For users and small businesses, traditional options include copper wires to provide dial-up, DSL, typically asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), cable modem or Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) (typically basic rate interface). Using fiber-optics to end users is called Fiber To The Home or similar names.
qas: answers: text: copper wires to provide dial-up, DSL, typically asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), cable modem or Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) (typically basic rate interface)
question: what traditional options were available for users and small businesses? 

answers: text: Fiber To The Home
question: what is it called when fiber-optics are used for end users?

answers: text: users and small businesses
question: who is served by dial-up, dsl, adsl, cable modems, or isdns?

context: For customers with more demanding requirements (such as medium-to-large businesses, or other ISPs) can use higher-speed DSL (such as single-pair high-speed digital subscriber line), Ethernet, metropolitan Ethernet, gigabit Ethernet, Frame Relay, ISDN Primary Rate Interface, ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) and synchronous optical networking (SONET).
qas: answers: text: medium-to-large businesses, or other ISPs
question: What type of customers would typically have more demanding requirements? 

answers: text: Asynchronous Transfer Mode
question: what does atm stand for in relation to internet providers? 

answers: text: customers with more demanding requirements
question: what is high-speed dsl used for? 

answers: text: synchronous optical networking
question: what is SONET? 

context: A mailbox provider is an organization that provides services for hosting electronic mail domains with access to storage for mail boxes. It provides email servers to send, receive, accept, and store email for end users or other organizations.
qas: answers: text: an organization that provides services for hosting electronic mail domains with access to storage for mail boxes
question: What is a mailbox provider? 

answers: text: A mailbox provider
question: What is an organization that provides hosting of electronic mail domains? 

answers: text: It provides email servers to send, receive, accept, and store email
question: what is the purpose of a mailbox provider? 

answers: text: A mailbox provider
question: how does a user store electronic mail?

context: Many mailbox providers are also access providers, while others are not (e.g., Yahoo! Mail, Outlook.com, Gmail, AOL Mail, Po box). The definition given in RFC 6650 covers email hosting services, as well as the relevant department of companies, universities, organizations, groups, and individuals that manage their mail servers themselves. The task is typically accomplished by implementing Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and possibly providing access to messages through Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP), the Post Office Protocol, Webmail, or a proprietary protocol.
qas: answers: text: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
question: What is SMTP?

answers: text: Internet Message Access Protocol
question: What is IMAP?

answers: text: implementing Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and possibly providing access to messages through Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP), the Post Office Protocol, Webmail, or a proprietary protocol.
question: How is access to mail provided? 

answers: text: access providers
question: what are most mailbox providers as well? 

answers: text: companies, universities, organizations, groups, and individuals
question: who possibly controls their own mail servers? 

context: Internet hosting services provide email, web-hosting, or online storage services. Other services include virtual server, cloud services, or physical server operation.
qas: answers: text: email, web-hosting, or online storage services
question: What do internet hosting services provide? 

answers: text: Internet hosting services
question: Who provides a virtual server service?

answers: text: Internet hosting services
question: who provides cloud services?

context: Just as their customers pay them for Internet access, ISPs themselves pay upstream ISPs for Internet access. An upstream ISP usually has a larger network than the contracting ISP or is able to provide the contracting ISP with access to parts of the Internet the contracting ISP by itself has no access to.
qas: answers: text: upstream ISPs
question: Who does an ISP pay for internet access?

answers: text: An upstream ISP usually has a larger network than the contracting ISP
question: Why does an ISP need to pay an upstream ISP?

answers: text: access to parts of the Internet the contracting ISP by itself has no access to
question: What does an upstream ISP provide for an ISP?

answers: text: upstream ISPs
question: what usually has a larger network, the ISP of the customer or the upstream ISP?

context: In the simplest case, a single connection is established to an upstream ISP and is used to transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network; this mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching a tier 1 carrier. In reality, the situation is often more complex. ISPs with more than one point of presence (PoP) may have separate connections to an upstream ISP at multiple PoPs, or they may be customers of multiple upstream ISPs and may have connections to each one of them at one or more point of presence. Transit ISPs provide large amounts of bandwidth for connecting hosting ISPs and access ISPs.
qas: answers: text: transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network
question: What is the simplest case of an ISP using an upstream ISP? 

answers: text: large amounts of bandwidth for connecting hosting ISPs and access ISPs
question: what do transit ISPs provide? 

answers: text: a tier 1 carrier
question: A mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching what?

answers: text: point of presence
question: What is a PoP?

answers: text: Transit ISPs
question: What provides bandwidth for the connecting of hosting ISPs and access ISPs?

context: A virtual ISP (VISP) is an operation that purchases services from another ISP, sometimes called a wholesale ISP in this context, which allow the VISP's customers to access the Internet using services and infrastructure owned and operated by the wholesale ISP. VISPs resemble mobile virtual network operators and competitive local exchange carriers for voice communications.
qas: answers: text: virtual ISP
question: What is a VISP?

answers: text: mobile virtual network operators
question: What do VISPs resemble? 

answers: text: a wholesale ISP
question: What do visps purchase services from? 

context: Free ISPs are Internet service providers that provide service free of charge. Many free ISPs display advertisements while the user is connected; like commercial television, in a sense they are selling the user's attention to the advertiser. Other free ISPs, sometimes called freenets, are run on a nonprofit basis, usually with volunteer staff.[citation needed]
qas: answers: text: Internet service providers that provide service free of charge
question: What are free ISPs?

answers: text: advertisements
question: What do free ISPs display in exchange for service?

answers: text: commercial television
question: What are free ISPs similar to? 

answers: text: on a nonprofit basis
question: How are freenets run? 

context: A wireless Internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service provider with a network based on wireless networking. Technology may include commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment designed to operate over open 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands or licensed frequencies such as 2.5 GHz (EBS/BRS), 3.65 GHz (NN) and in the UHF band (including the MMDS frequency band) and LMDS.[citation needed]
qas: answers: text: wireless Internet service provider
question: What is a WISP? 

answers: text: commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment
question: What technology is part of a WISP?

answers: text: 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands
question: What are some bands that Wi-Fi can operate over? 

answers: text: wireless networking
question: What is a wireless internet service provider's network based on?

context: ISPs may engage in peering, where multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points (IXs), allowing routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted—data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream ISP.
qas: answers: text: multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points
question: What is peering? 

answers: text: routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted
question: What does peering allow? 

answers: text: data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream ISP
question: Why is peering used? 

answers: text: Internet exchange points
question: What are IXs? 

answers: text: peering points or Internet exchange points
question: Where do multiple ISPs connect? 

context: Network hardware, software and specifications, as well as the expertise of network management personnel are important in ensuring that data follows the most efficient route, and upstream connections work reliably. A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible.[citation needed]
qas: answers: text: A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible
question: Is a tradeoff between efficiency and cost possible? 

answers: text: the most efficient route
question: What sort of route does data follow? 

context: Internet service providers in many countries are legally required (e.g., via Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) in the U.S.) to allow law enforcement agencies to monitor some or all of the information transmitted by the ISP. Furthermore, in some countries ISPs are subject to monitoring by intelligence agencies. In the U.S., a controversial National Security Agency program known as PRISM provides for broad monitoring of Internet users traffic and has raised concerns about potential violation of the privacy protections in the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Modern ISPs integrate a wide array of surveillance and packet sniffing equipment into their networks, which then feeds the data to law-enforcement/intelligence networks (such as DCSNet in the United States, or SORM in Russia) allowing monitoring of Internet traffic in real time.
qas: answers: text: intelligence agencies
question: What are ISPs subject to monitoring by in some countries? 

answers: text: PRISM
question: What is the controversial N.S.A. program used in the U.S.?

answers: text: provides for broad monitoring of Internet users traffic
question: What does PRISM do? 

answers: text: a wide array of surveillance and packet sniffing equipment
question: What do ISPs integrate into their network to provide information to intelligence agencies? 

answers: text: allowing monitoring of Internet traffic in real time
question: What do DCSnet in the US and SORM in Russia do?