Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System

context: The Super Nintendo Entertainment System (officially abbreviated the Super NES[b] or SNES[c], and commonly shortened to Super Nintendo[d]) is a 16-bit home video game console developed by Nintendo that was released in 1990 in Japan and South Korea, 1991 in North America, 1992 in Europe and Australasia (Oceania), and 1993 in South America. In Japan, the system is called the Super Famicom (Japanese: スーパーファミコン, Hepburn: Sūpā Famikon?, officially adopting the abbreviated name of its predecessor, the Family Computer), or SFC for short. In South Korea, it is known as the Super Comboy (슈퍼 컴보이 Syupeo Keomboi) and was distributed by Hyundai Electronics. Although each version is essentially the same, several forms of regional lockout prevent the different versions from being compatible with one another. It was released in Brazil on September 2, 1992, by Playtronic.
qas: answers: text: 1991
question: When was the SNES released in the US?

answers: text: Japan and South Korea
question: Where was the SNES first released?

answers: text: Super Famicom
question: What was the SNES called in Japan?

answers: text: Super Comboy
question: What was the SNES called in South Korea?

answers: text: 1992
question: When was the SNES released in Australia?

context: To compete with the popular Family Computer in Japan, NEC Home Electronics launched the PC Engine in 1987, and Sega Enterprises followed suit with the Mega Drive in 1988. The two platforms were later launched in North America in 1989 as the TurboGrafx-16 and the Genesis respectively. Both systems were built on 16-bit architectures and offered improved graphics and sound over the 8-bit NES. However, it took several years for Sega's system to become successful. Nintendo executives were in no rush to design a new system, but they reconsidered when they began to see their dominance in the market slipping.
qas: answers: text: PC Engine
question: What was NEC's competitor to the NES called in Japan?

answers: text: Mega Drive
question: What was Sega's competitor to the NES called in Japan?

answers: text: TurboGrafx-16
question: What was NEC's competitor to the NES called in the US?

answers: text: Genesis
question: What was Sega's competitor to the NES called in the US?

answers: text: built on 16-bit architectures and offered improved graphics and sound
question: What were the Genesis's advantages over the NES?

context: Designed by Masayuki Uemura, the designer of the original Famicom, the Super Famicom was released in Japan on Wednesday, November 21, 1990 for ¥25,000 (US$210). It was an instant success; Nintendo's initial shipment of 300,000 units sold out within hours, and the resulting social disturbance led the Japanese government to ask video game manufacturers to schedule future console releases on weekends. The system's release also gained the attention of the Yakuza, leading to a decision to ship the devices at night to avoid robbery.
qas: answers: text: Masayuki Uemura
question: Who designed both the NES and SNES?

answers: text: ¥25,000
question: How much in yen did the Super Famicom cost in Japan?

answers: text: US$210
question: How much in dollars did the Super Famicom cost in Japan?

answers: text: 300,000
question: How many Super Famicoms were produced in the first run?

answers: text: the Yakuza
question: What criminal group plotted to steal Super Famicoms?

context: On August 23, 1991,[a] Nintendo released the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, a redesigned version of the Super Famicom, in North America for US$199. The SNES was released in the United Kingdom and Ireland in April 1992 for GB£150, with a German release following a few weeks later. Most of the PAL region versions of the console use the Japanese Super Famicom design, except for labeling and the length of the joypad leads. The Playtronic Super NES in Brazil, although PAL, uses the North American design. Both the NES and SNES were released in Brazil in 1993 by Playtronic, a joint venture between the toy company Estrela and consumer electronics company Gradiente.
qas: answers: text: US$199
question: How much did the SNES cost in the US?

answers: text: GB£150
question: How much did the SNES cost in the UK?

answers: text: April 1992
question: When was the SNES released in the UK?

answers: text: 1993
question: When was the SNES released in Brazil?

answers: text: Playtronic
question: Which company distributed the SNES in Brazil?

context: The rivalry between Nintendo and Sega resulted in what has been described as one of the most notable console wars in video game history, in which Sega positioned the Genesis as the "cool" console, with more mature titles aimed at older gamers, and edgy advertisements that occasionally attacked the competition. Nintendo however, scored an early public relations advantage by securing the first console conversion of Capcom's arcade classic Street Fighter II for SNES, which took over a year to make the transition to Genesis. Despite the Genesis's head start, much larger library of games, and lower price point, the Genesis only represented an estimated 60% of the American 16-bit console market in June 1992, and neither console could maintain a definitive lead for several years. Donkey Kong Country is said to have helped establish the SNES's market prominence in the latter years of the 16-bit generation, and for a time, maintain against the PlayStation and Saturn. According to Nintendo, the company had sold more than 20 million SNES units in the U.S. According to a 2014 Wedbush Securities report based on NPD sales data, the SNES ultimately outsold the Genesis in the U.S. market.
qas: answers: text: older gamers
question: What market did the Genesis target?

answers: text: over a year
question: How much sooner than the Genesis did the Street Fighter II game come out for SNES?

answers: text: 60%
question: How much of the US 16-bit console market did the Genesis have in summer 1992?

answers: text: Donkey Kong Country
question: What game was key to the SNES's success?

answers: text: more than 20 million
question: How many SNES units were sold in the US overall?

context: During the NES era, Nintendo maintained exclusive control over titles released for the system—the company had to approve every game, each third-party developer could only release up to five games per year (but some third parties got around this by using different names, for example Konami's "Ultra Games" brand), those games could not be released on another console within two years, and Nintendo was the exclusive manufacturer and supplier of NES cartridges. However, competition from Sega's console brought an end to this practice; in 1991, Acclaim began releasing games for both platforms, with most of Nintendo's other licensees following suit over the next several years; Capcom (which licensed some games to Sega instead of producing them directly) and Square were the most notable holdouts.
qas: answers: text: five
question: What was Nintendo's limit on games per developer per year on the NES?

answers: text: Ultra Games
question: What alternate name did Konami use to get around Nintendo's yearly limit?

answers: text: two
question: For how many years did Nintendo require exclusivity on NES games?

answers: text: Sega
question: Which competitor caused Nintendo to end its restrictions on game developers?

answers: text: Acclaim
question: Which developer began releasing games for both NES and Sega in 1991?

context: The company continued to carefully review submitted titles, giving them scores using a 40-point scale and allocating Nintendo's marketing resources accordingly. Each region performed separate evaluations. Nintendo of America also maintained a policy that, among other things, limited the amount of violence in the games on its systems. One game, Mortal Kombat, would challenge this policy. A surprise hit in arcades in 1992, Mortal Kombat features splashes of blood and finishing moves that often depict one character dismembering the other. Because the Genesis version retained the gore while the SNES version did not, it outsold the SNES version by a ratio of three or four-to-one.
qas: answers: text: using a 40-point scale
question: How did Nintendo rank submitted games?

answers: text: Mortal Kombat
question: What game first challenged Nintendo's anti-violence policy?

answers: text: 1992
question: When was Mortal Kombat released in arcades?

answers: text: Genesis
question: Which game console had a full-gore version of Mortal Kombat?

answers: text: three or four-to-one
question: How much did the Genesis version of Mortal Kombat out-sell the SNES version?

context: Game players were not the only ones to notice the violence in this game; US Senators Herb Kohl and Joe Lieberman convened a Congressional hearing on December 9, 1993 to investigate the marketing of violent video games to children.[e] While Nintendo took the high ground with moderate success, the hearings led to the creation of the Interactive Digital Software Association and the Entertainment Software Rating Board, and the inclusion of ratings on all video games. With these ratings in place, Nintendo decided its censorship policies were no longer needed.
qas: answers: text: Herb Kohl and Joe Lieberman
question: Which senators held a hearing about video game violence in 1993?

answers: text: the marketing of violent video games to children
question: What was the focus of the hearing about video game violence in 1993?

answers: text: the Interactive Digital Software Association and the Entertainment Software Rating Board
question: What organizations did the hearing about video game violence in 1993 lead to?

answers: text: the inclusion of ratings on all video games
question: What regulatory change did the hearing about video game violence in 1993 lead to?

answers: text: Nintendo decided its censorship policies were no longer needed
question: How did video game ratings affect Nintendo?

context: While other companies were moving on to 32-bit systems, Rare and Nintendo proved that the SNES was still a strong contender in the market. In November 1994, Rare released Donkey Kong Country, a platform game featuring 3D models and textures pre-rendered on SGI workstations. With its detailed graphics, fluid animation and high-quality music, Donkey Kong Country rivaled the aesthetic quality of games that were being released on newer 32-bit CD-based consoles. In the last 45 days of 1994, the game sold 6.1 million units, making it the fastest-selling video game in history to that date. This game sent a message that early 32-bit systems had little to offer over the SNES, and helped make way for the more advanced consoles on the horizon.
qas: answers: text: Rare
question: Which company developed Donkey Kong Country?

answers: text: 6.1 million
question: How many copies of Donkey Kong Country were sold in its first 45 days?

answers: text: SGI workstations
question: What kind of computers were Donkey Kong Country's graphics rendered on?

answers: text: detailed graphics, fluid animation and high-quality music
question: How did Donkey Kong Country's quality compare to games on newer consoles?

answers: text: November 1994
question: When was Donkey Kong Country released?

context: In October 1997, Nintendo released a redesigned model of the SNES (the SNS-101 model) in North America for US$99, which sometimes included the pack-in game Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island. Like the earlier redesign of the NES (the NES-101 model), the new model was slimmer and lighter than its predecessor, but it lacked S-Video and RGB output, and it was among the last major SNES-related releases in the region. A similarly redesigned Super Famicom Jr. was released in Japan at around the same time.
qas: answers: text: US$99
question: How much did the SNS-101 cost in the US?

answers: text: Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island
question: What game was bundled with the SNS-101?

answers: text: S-Video and RGB output
question: What features were removed in the SNS-101?

answers: text: Super Famicom Jr.
question: What redesigned console was released in Japan at the time of the SNS-101?

answers: text: October 1997
question: When was the SNS-101 released in the US?

context: Internally, a regional lockout chip (CIC) within the console and in each cartridge prevents PAL region games from being played on Japanese or North American consoles and vice versa. The Japanese and North American machines have the same region chip. This can be overcome through the use of adapters, typically by inserting the imported cartridge in one slot and a cartridge with the correct region chip in a second slot. Alternatively, disconnecting one pin of the console's lockout chip will prevent it from locking the console; hardware in later games can detect this situation, so it later became common to install a switch to reconnect the lockout chip as needed.
qas: answers: text: by inserting the imported cartridge in one slot and a cartridge with the correct region chip in a second slot
question: How were adapters used to get around PAL region restrictions?

answers: text: disconnecting one pin of the console's lockout chip
question: How was hardware modification used to get around PAL region restrictions?

answers: text: hardware in later games can detect this situation, so it later became common to install a switch to reconnect the lockout chip as needed
question: What problem did the hardware modification cause with later games?

context: PAL consoles face another incompatibility when playing out-of-region cartridges: the NTSC video standard specifies video at 60 Hz while PAL operates at 50 Hz, resulting in approximately 16.7% slower gameplay. Additionally, PAL's higher resolution results in letterboxing of the output image. Some commercial PAL region releases exhibit this same problem and, therefore, can be played in NTSC systems without issue while others will face a 20% speedup if played in an NTSC console. To mostly correct this issue, a switch can be added to place the SNES PPU into a 60 Hz mode supported by most newer PAL televisions. Later games will detect this setting and refuse to run, requiring the switch to be thrown only after the check completes.
qas: answers: text: 60 Hz
question: What video frequency does NTSC use?

answers: text: 50 Hz
question: What video frequency does PAL use?

answers: text: 16.7% slower
question: How much slower do games run on PAL consoles than NTSC due to frequency differences?

answers: text: a switch can be added to place the SNES PPU into a 60 Hz mode supported by most newer PAL televisions
question: What hardware modification could be made to the SNES to support game speed differences?

context: All versions of the SNES are predominantly gray, although the exact shade may differ. The original North American version, designed by Nintendo of America industrial designer Lance Barr (who previously redesigned the Famicom to become the NES), has a boxy design with purple sliding switches and a dark gray eject lever. The loading bay surface is curved, both to invite interaction and to prevent food or drinks from being placed on the console and spilling as had happened with the flat surfaced NES. The Japanese and European versions are more rounded, with darker gray accents and buttons. The North American SNS-101 model and the Japanese Super Famicom Jr. (the SHVC-101 model), all designed by Barr, are both smaller with a rounded contour; however, the SNS-101 buttons are purple where the Super Famicom Jr. buttons are gray. The European and American versions of the SNES controllers have much longer cables compared to the Japanese Super Famicom controllers.
qas: answers: text: predominantly gray
question: What color is the SNES?

answers: text: Lance Barr
question: Who designed the North American SNES?

answers: text: industrial designer
question: What was Barr's job?

answers: text: purple
question: What color were the North American SNES's buttons?

answers: text: gray
question: What color were the Japanese Super Famicom Jr.'s buttons?

context: All versions incorporate a top-loading slot for game cartridges, although the shape of the slot differs between regions to match the different shapes of the cartridges. The MULTI OUT connector (later used on the Nintendo 64 and GameCube) can output composite video, S-Video and RGB signals, as well as RF with an external RF modulator. Original versions additionally include a 28-pin expansion port under a small cover on the bottom of the unit and a standard RF output with channel selection switch on the back; the redesigned models output composite video only, requiring an external modulator for RF.
qas: answers: text: top-loading
question: How is the SNES's slot positioned?

answers: text: composite video, S-Video and RGB signals, as well as RF with an external RF modulator
question: What connection types did MULTI OUT support?

answers: text: 28
question: How many pins did the SNES expansion port have?

answers: text: composite
question: What output type was the only one directly supported on the SNS-101?

answers: text: Nintendo 64 and GameCube
question: What other Nintendo systems used MULTI OUT?

context: The ABS plastic used in the casing of some older SNES and Super Famicom consoles is particularly susceptible to oxidization on exposure to air, likely due to an incorrect mixture of the stabilizing or flame retarding additives. This, along with the particularly light color of the original plastic, causes affected consoles to quickly become yellow; if the sections of the casing came from different batches of plastic, a "two-tone" effect results. The color can sometimes be restored with UV light and a hydrogen peroxide solution.
qas: answers: text: ABS plastic
question: What material is the SNES case made of?

answers: text: oxidization
question: What chemical process turned some SNES cases yellow?

answers: text: an incorrect mixture of the stabilizing or flame retarding additives
question: What mixture error in the plastic caused some SNES cases to turn yellow?

answers: text: with UV light and a hydrogen peroxide solution
question: How can SNES yellowing sometimes be reversed?

answers: text: if the sections of the casing came from different batches of plastic
question: Why would some SNESes be only partly yellow?

context: The cartridge media of the console is officially referred to as Game Pak in most Western regions, and as Cassette (カセット, Kasetto?) in Japan and parts of Latin America. While the SNES can address 128 Mbit,[f] only 117.75 Mbit are actually available for cartridge use. A fairly normal mapping could easily address up to 95 Mbit of ROM data (48 Mbit at FastROM speed) with 8 Mbit of battery-backed RAM. However, most available memory access controllers only support mappings of up to 32 Mbit. The largest games released (Tales of Phantasia and Star Ocean) contain 48 Mbit of ROM data, while the smallest games contain only 2 Mbit.
qas: answers: text: Game Pak
question: What are SNES game cartridges officially called in the US?

answers: text: Cassette
question: What are SNES game cartridges officially called in Japan?

answers: text: 117.75 Mbit
question: How much data space can an SNES cartridge use?

answers: text: Tales of Phantasia and Star Ocean
question: What were the largest SNES games?

answers: text: 2 Mbit
question: How much data do the smallest SNES games use?

context: The standard SNES controller adds two additional face buttons (X and Y) to the design of the NES iteration, arranging the four in a diamond shape, and introduces two shoulder buttons. It also features an ergonomic design by Lance Barr, later used for the NES-102 model controllers, also designed by Barr. The Japanese and PAL region versions incorporate the colors of the four action buttons into system's logo. The North American version's buttons are colored to match the redesigned console; the X and Y buttons are lavender with concave faces, and the A and B buttons are purple with convex faces. Several later consoles derive elements of their controller design from the SNES, including the PlayStation, Dreamcast, Xbox, and Wii Classic Controller.
qas: answers: text: X and Y
question: What face buttons do SNES controllers have that NES controllers didn't?

answers: text: two
question: How many shoulder buttons do SNES controllers have?

answers: text: Lance Barr
question: Who designed the SNES controllers?

answers: text: lavender
question: What color are the US SNES controllers' X and Y buttons?

answers: text: purple
question: What color are the US SNES controllers' A and B buttons?

context: Throughout the course of its life, a number of peripherals were released which added to the functionality of the SNES. Many of these devices were modeled after earlier add-ons for the NES: the Super Scope is a light gun functionally similar to the NES Zapper (though the Super Scope features wireless capabilities) and the Super Advantage is an arcade-style joystick with adjustable turbo settings akin to the NES Advantage. Nintendo also released the SNES Mouse in conjunction with its Mario Paint title. Hudson Soft, under license from Nintendo, released the Super Multitap, a multiplayer adapter for use with its popular series of Bomberman games. Some of the more unusual controllers include the BatterUP baseball bat, the Life Fitness Entertainment System (an exercise bike controller with built-in monitoring software), and the TeeV Golf golf club.
qas: answers: text: Super Scope
question: What game accessory was similar to the NES Zapper?

answers: text: Super Advantage
question: What game accessory was similar to the NES Advantage?

answers: text: Mario Paint
question: What game used the SNES Mouse?

answers: text: BatterUP
question: What game came with a baseball bat controller?

answers: text: light gun
question: What type of accessory was the Super Scope?

context: While Nintendo never released an adapter for playing NES games on the SNES (though the instructions included a way to connect both consoles to the same TV by either daisy chaining the RF switches or using AV outputs for one or both systems), the Super Game Boy adapter cartridge allows games designed for Nintendo's portable Game Boy system to be played on the SNES. The Super Game Boy touted several feature enhancements over the Game Boy, including palette substitution, custom screen borders, and (for specially enhanced games) access to the SNES console. Japan also saw the release of the Super Game Boy 2, which added a communication port to enable a second Game Boy to connect for multiplayer games.
qas: answers: text: either daisy chaining the RF switches or using AV outputs for one or both systems
question: How did Nintendo say an NES and SNES could be used on the same TV?

answers: text: Game Boy
question: Which other game system's cartridges could be adapted to the SNES?

answers: text: palette substitution, custom screen borders, and (for specially enhanced games) access to the SNES console
question: What improvements did the Super Game Boy have over the Game Boy?

answers: text: Japan
question: Where was the Super Game Boy 2 released?

answers: text: a communication port to enable a second Game Boy to connect for multiplayer games
question: What did the Super Game Boy 2 add?

context: Japan saw the release of the Satellaview, a modem which attached to the Super Famicom's expansion port and connected to the St.GIGA satellite radio station. Users of the Satellaview could download gaming news and specially designed games, which were frequently either remakes of or sequels to older Famicom titles, released in installments. Satellaview signals were broadcast from April 23, 1995 through June 30, 2000. In the United States, the similar but relatively short-lived XBAND allowed users to connect to a network via a dial-up modem to compete against other players around the country.
qas: answers: text: Satellaview
question: What modem was available for the Japanese SNES?

answers: text: the St.GIGA satellite radio station
question: What service did the Satellaview connect to?

answers: text: April 23, 1995
question: When did the Satellaview begin operation?

answers: text: June 30, 2000
question: When did the Satellaview end operation?

answers: text: XBAND
question: What was the US equivalent of Satellaview?

context: During the SNES's life, Nintendo contracted with two different companies to develop a CD-ROM-based peripheral for the console to compete with Sega's CD-ROM based addon, Mega-CD. Ultimately, deals with both Sony and Philips fell through, (although a prototype console was produced by Sony) with Philips gaining the right to release a series of titles based on Nintendo franchises for its CD-i multimedia player and Sony going on to develop its own console based on its initial dealings with Nintendo (the PlayStation).
qas: answers: text: Sony and Philips
question: Which companies did Nintendo try to get to make a CD add-on for the SNES?

answers: text: CD-i
question: What was Philips' multimedia system?

answers: text: PlayStation
question: What competing console did Sony release after working with Nintendo?

answers: text: Mega-CD
question: What was Sega's CD add-on?

context: Nintendo of America took the same stance against the distribution of SNES ROM image files and the use of emulators as it did with the NES, insisting that they represented flagrant software piracy. Proponents of SNES emulation cite discontinued production of the SNES constituting abandonware status, the right of the owner of the respective game to make a personal backup via devices such as the Retrode, space shifting for private use, the desire to develop homebrew games for the system, the frailty of SNES ROM cartridges and consoles, and the lack of certain foreign imports.
qas: answers: text: flagrant software piracy
question: What did Nintendo consider emulators?

answers: text: abandonware
question: What is the term for a software product abandoned by its owners?

answers: text: Retrode
question: What device allows backing up SNES games?

answers: text: homebrew
question: What is the term for homemade software?

context: Emulation of the SNES is now available on handheld units, such as Android devices, Apple's iPhone and iPad, Sony's PlayStation Portable (PSP), the Nintendo DS and Game Boy Advance, the Gizmondo, the Dingoo and the GP2X by GamePark Holdings, as well as PDAs. While individual games have been included with emulators on some GameCube discs, Nintendo's Virtual Console service for the Wii marks the introduction of officially sanctioned general SNES emulation, though SNES9x GX, a port of SNES9x, has been made for the Wii.
qas: answers: text: Android devices, Apple's iPhone and iPad
question: What smartphones have SNES emulators?

answers: text: Nintendo's Virtual Console service for the Wii
question: What was Nintendo's first approved emulator?

answers: text: Sony's PlayStation Portable (PSP), the Nintendo DS and Game Boy Advance, the Gizmondo, the Dingoo and the GP2X by GamePark Holdings
question: What portable game systems have SNES emulators?

context: In 2007, GameTrailers named the SNES as the second-best console of all time in their list of top ten consoles that "left their mark on the history of gaming", citing its graphic, sound, and library of top-quality games. In 2015, they also named it the best Nintendo console of all time, saying, "The list of games we love from this console completely annihilates any other roster from the Big N." Technology columnist Don Reisinger proclaimed "The SNES is the greatest console of all time" in January 2008, citing the quality of the games and the console's dramatic improvement over its predecessor; fellow technology columnist Will Greenwald replied with a more nuanced view, giving the SNES top marks with his heart, the NES with his head, and the PlayStation (for its controller) with his hands. GamingExcellence also gave the SNES first place in 2008, declaring it "simply the most timeless system ever created" with many games that stand the test of time and citing its innovation in controller design, graphics capabilities, and game storytelling. At the same time, GameDaily rated it fifth of ten for its graphics, audio, controllers, and games. In 2009, IGN named the Super Nintendo Entertainment System the fourth best video game console, complimenting its audio and "concentration of AAA titles".
qas: answers: text: GameTrailers
question: Which publication said Nintendo's best console ever was the SNES?

answers: text: second-best
question: Where did GameTrailers rank the SNES among all consoles?

answers: text: Don Reisinger
question: Which writer said the SNES was the best console ever from any company?

answers: text: GamingExcellence
question: Who said the SNES was "simply the most timeless system ever created"?

answers: text: fourth best
question: Where did IGN rank the SNES?