Hanover

context: In 1636 George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, ruler of the Brunswick-Lüneburg principality of Calenberg, moved his residence to Hanover. The Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg were elevated by the Holy Roman Emperor to the rank of Prince-Elector in 1692, and this elevation was confirmed by the Imperial Diet in 1708. Thus the principality was upgraded to the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg, colloquially known as the Electorate of Hanover after Calenberg's capital (see also: House of Hanover). Its electors would later become monarchs of Great Britain (and from 1801, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland). The first of these was George I Louis, who acceded to the British throne in 1714. The last British monarch who ruled in Hanover was William IV. Semi-Salic law, which required succession by the male line if possible, forbade the accession of Queen Victoria in Hanover. As a male-line descendant of George I, Queen Victoria was herself a member of the House of Hanover. Her descendants, however, bore her husband's titular name of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Three kings of Great Britain, or the United Kingdom, were concurrently also Electoral Princes of Hanover.
qas: answers: text: Hanover
question: Where did the Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg move his residence to?

answers: text: Holy Roman Emperor
question: Who elevated the status of the Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg?

answers: text: Imperial Diet
question: Who confirmed the elevation of the Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1708?

answers: text: Great Britain
question: Which other nation would the electors of Hanover become monarchs of?

answers: text: George I Louis
question: Who was the first elector from Hanover to sit on the British throne?

context: As an important railroad and road junction and production center, Hanover was a major target for strategic bombing during World War II, including the Oil Campaign. Targets included the AFA (Stöcken), the Deurag-Nerag refinery (Misburg), the Continental plants (Vahrenwald and Limmer), the United light metal works (VLW) in Ricklingen and Laatzen (today Hanover fairground), the Hanover/Limmer rubber reclamation plant, the Hanomag factory (Linden) and the tank factory M.N.H. Maschinenfabrik Niedersachsen (Badenstedt). Forced labourers were sometimes used from the Hannover-Misburg subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp. Residential areas were also targeted, and more than 6,000 civilians were killed by the Allied bombing raids. More than 90% of the city center was destroyed in a total of 88 bombing raids. After the war, the Aegidienkirche was not rebuilt and its ruins were left as a war memorial.
qas: answers: text: production center
question: Other than for railroads and road junction, what did Hanover have that made it a major target?

answers: text: Oil Campaign
question: Which campaign specifically was Hanover a target for in World War II?

answers: text: United light metal works
question: What does VLW stand for?

answers: text: more than 6,000
question: How many civilians were killed in the Allied bombing raids in World War II?

answers: text: 88
question: How many bombing raids were there during World War II?

context: The Hanover Zoo is one of the most spectacular and best zoos in Europe. The zoo received the Park Scout Award for the fourth year running in 2009/10, placing it among the best zoos in Germany. The zoo consists of several theme areas: Sambesi, Meyers Farm, Gorilla-Mountain, Jungle-Palace, and Mullewapp. Some smaller areas are Australia, the wooded area for wolves, and the so-called swimming area with many seabirds. There is also a tropical house, a jungle house, and a show arena. The new Canadian-themed area, Yukon Bay, opened in 2010. In 2010 the Hanover Zoo had over 1.6 million visitors.
qas: answers: text: Hanover Zoo
question: Which zoo is one of the best in Europe?

answers: text: Park Scout Award
question: What award did the Hanover Zoo receive four years in a row?

answers: text: seabirds
question: Which animal does the so-called swimming area have?

answers: text: 2010
question: When did the Canadian-theme area in the Hanover Zoo open?

answers: text: 1.6 million
question: How many people visited the Hanover Zoo in 2010?

context: Hanover's leading cabaret-stage is the GOP Variety theatre which is located in the Georgs Palace. Some other famous cabaret-stages are the Variety Marlene, the Uhu-Theatre. the theatre Die Hinterbühne, the Rampenlich Variety and the revue-stage TAK. The most important Cabaret-Event is the Kleines Fest im Großen Garten (Little Festival in the Great Garden) which is the most successful Cabaret Festival in Germany. It features artists from around the world. Some other important events are the Calenberger Cabaret Weeks, the Hanover Cabaret Festival and the Wintervariety.
qas: answers: text: GOP Variety theatre
question: What famous theatre is located in Georgs Palace?

answers: text: Kleines Fest im Großen Garten
question: What is the most important Cabaret-Event?

answers: text: around the world
question: Where do artists who feature in the Kleines Fest im Großen Garten come from?

answers: text: Wintervariety
question: What is another important event other than the Calenberger Cabaret Weeks or the Hanover Cabaret Festival?

answers: text: most successful Cabaret Festival in Germany
question: What is a notable achievement about the Kleines Fest im Großen Garten?

context: "Hanover" is the traditional English spelling. The German spelling (with a double n) is becoming more popular in English; recent editions of encyclopedias prefer the German spelling, and the local government uses the German spelling on English websites. The English pronunciation /ˈhænəvər/, with stress on the first syllable and a reduced second syllable, is applied to both the German and English spellings, which is different from German pronunciation [haˈnoːfɐ], with stress on the second syllable and a long second vowel. The traditional English spelling is still used in historical contexts, especially when referring to the British House of Hanover.
qas: answers: text: a double n
question: What does the German spelling of Hanover have that English does not?

answers: text: German
question: Which version of the spelling of Hanover does the local Government use on English websites?

answers: text: first
question: Which syllable does the English spoken version of Hanover stress?

answers: text: second
question: Which syllable does the German pronunciation of Hanover stress?

answers: text: traditional English spelling
question: Which spelling of Hanover is used in historical contexts?

context: After 1937 the Lord Mayor and the state commissioners of Hanover were members of the NSDAP (Nazi party). A large Jewish population then existed in Hanover. In October 1938, 484 Hanoverian Jews of Polish origin were expelled to Poland, including the Grynszpan family. However, Poland refused to accept them, leaving them stranded at the border with thousands of other Polish-Jewish deportees, fed only intermittently by the Polish Red Cross and Jewish welfare organisations. The Gryszpan's son Herschel Grynszpan was in Paris at the time. When he learned of what was happening, he drove to the German embassy in Paris and shot the German diplomat Eduard Ernst vom Rath, who died shortly afterwards.
qas: answers: text: Nazi party
question: What does the NSDAP stand for?

answers: text: 1937
question: After which year did the Lord Mayor join the NSDAP?

answers: text: 484
question: How many Hanoverian Jews were expelled in 1938?

answers: text: Herschel Grynszpan
question: Who assassinated the German diplomat Eduard Ernst vom Rath?

answers: text: Paris
question: Which city was the German diplomat in when he got assassinated?

context: The Great Garden is an important European baroque garden. The palace itself, however, was largely destroyed by Allied bombing but is currently under reconstruction.[citation needed] Some points of interest are the Grotto (the interior was designed by the French artist Niki de Saint-Phalle), the Gallery Building, the Orangerie and the two pavilions by Remy de la Fosse. The Great Garden consists of several parts. The most popular ones are the Great Ground and the Nouveau Jardin. At the centre of the Nouveau Jardin is Europe's highest garden fountain. The historic Garden Theatre inter alia hosted the musicals of the German rock musician Heinz Rudolf Kunze.[citation needed]
qas: answers: text: European baroque garden
question: What kind of garden is The Great Garden?

answers: text: Allied bombing
question: What destroyed the palace?

answers: text: Remy de la Fosse
question: Who constructed the two pavilions in the palace?

answers: text: Great Ground
question: Other than the Nouveau Jardin, what is the other popular part of The Great Garden?

answers: text: Europe's highest garden fountain
question: What is at the centre of the Nouveau Jardin?

context: Some other popular sights are the Waterloo Column, the Laves House, the Wangenheim Palace, the Lower Saxony State Archives, the Hanover Playhouse, the Kröpcke Clock, the Anzeiger Tower Block, the Administration Building of the NORD/LB, the Cupola Hall of the Congress Centre, the Lower Saxony Stock, the Ministry of Finance, the Garten Church, the Luther Church, the Gehry Tower (designed by the American architect Frank O. Gehry), the specially designed Bus Stops, the Opera House, the Central Station, the Maschsee lake and the city forest Eilenriede, which is one of the largest of its kind in Europe. With around 40 parks, forests and gardens, a couple of lakes, two rivers and one canal, Hanover offers a large variety of leisure activities.
qas: answers: text: Frank O. Gehry
question: Who designed the Gehry Tower?

answers: text: one of the largest of its kind in Europe
question: What is notable about the city forest Eilenriede?

answers: text: American
question: What nationality was the architect of the Gehry Tower?

answers: text: 40
question: How many parks are there approximately in Hanover?

answers: text: two
question: How many rivers run through Hanover?

context: But Hanover is not only one of the most important Exhibition Cities in the world, it is also one of the German capitals for marksmen. The Schützenfest Hannover is the largest Marksmen's Fun Fair in the world and takes place once a year (late June to early July) (2014 - July 4th to the 13th). It consists of more than 260 rides and inns, five large beer tents and a big entertainment programme. The highlight of this fun fair is the 12 kilometres (7 mi) long Parade of the Marksmen with more than 12.000 participants from all over the world, among them around 5.000 marksmen, 128 bands and more than 70 wagons, carriages and big festival vehicles. It is the longest procession in Europe. Around 2 million people visit this fun fair every year. The landmark of this Fun Fair is the biggest transportable Ferris Wheel in the world (60 m or 197 ft high). The origins of this fun fair is located in the year 1529.
qas: answers: text: marksmen
question: What is Hanover a German capital for?

answers: text: Schützenfest Hannover
question: What is the name of the largest Marksmen's Fun Fair in the world?

answers: text: more than 260
question: How many rides and inns does the fair have?

answers: text: 12.000
question: How many participants are int he Parade of the Marksmen?

answers: text: 1529
question: What year can the festival be traced back to?

context: The Schnellweg (en: expressway) system, a number of Bundesstraße roads, forms a structure loosely resembling a large ring road together with A2 and A7. The roads are B 3, B 6 and B 65, called Westschnellweg (B6 on the northern part, B3 on the southern part), Messeschnellweg (B3, becomes A37 near Burgdorf, crosses A2, becomes B3 again, changes to B6 at Seelhorster Kreuz, then passes the Hanover fairground as B6 and becomes A37 again before merging into A7) and Südschnellweg (starts out as B65, becomes B3/B6/B65 upon crossing Westschnellweg, then becomes B65 again at Seelhorster Kreuz).
qas: answers: text: expressway
question: What is a Schnellweg?

answers: text: a large ring road
question: What structure does the Schnellweg and a number of roads roughly form?

answers: text: Seelhorster Kreuz
question: When does the Messeschnellweg change to the B6?

answers: text: B6
question: What road does the Messeschnellweg pass the Hanover fairground as?

answers: text: B65
question: What road does the Südschnellweg start out as?

context: In 1837, the personal union of the United Kingdom and Hanover ended because William IV's heir in the United Kingdom was female (Queen Victoria). Hanover could be inherited only by male heirs. Thus, Hanover passed to William IV's brother, Ernest Augustus, and remained a kingdom until 1866, when it was annexed by Prussia during the Austro-Prussian war. Despite being expected to defeat Prussia at the Battle of Langensalza, Prussia employed Moltke the Elder's Kesselschlacht order of battle to instead destroy the Hanoverian army. The city of Hanover became the capital of the Prussian Province of Hanover. After the annexation, the people of Hanover generally opposed the Prussian government.
qas: answers: text: the personal union of the United Kingdom and Hanover
question: What ended in the year 1837?

answers: text: Queen Victoria
question: What was the name of William IV's heir?

answers: text: Ernest Augustus
question: Who did the throne of Hanover pass to instead of Queen Victoria?

answers: text: annexed by Prussia
question: What happened to the kingdom of Hanover in 1866?

answers: text: Battle of Langensalza
question: In which battle was the Hanover army destroyed?

context: In September 1941, through the "Action Lauterbacher" plan, a ghettoisation of the remaining Hanoverian Jewish families began. Even before the Wannsee Conference, on 15 December 1941, the first Jews from Hanover were deported to Riga. A total of 2,400 people were deported, and very few survived. During the war seven concentration camps were constructed in Hanover, in which many Jews were confined. Of the approximately 4,800 Jews who had lived in Hannover in 1938, fewer than 100 were still in the city when troops of the United States Army arrived on 10 April 1945 to occupy Hanover at the end of the war.[citation needed] Today, a memorial at the Opera Square is a reminder of the persecution of the Jews in Hanover. After the war a large group of Orthodox Jewish survivors of the nearby Bergen-Belsen concentration camp settled in Hanover.
qas: answers: text: Action Lauterbacher
question: What plan was implemented in September 1941?

answers: text: Hanoverian Jewish families
question: Which portion of the population underwent ghettoisation?

answers: text: Wannsee Conference
question: What occured on the 15th of December 1941?

answers: text: 4,800
question: How many Jews approximately lived in Hanover in 1938?

answers: text: seven
question: How many concentration camps were constructed in Hanover?

context: Hanover was founded in medieval times on the east bank of the River Leine. Its original name Honovere may mean "high (river)bank", though this is debated (cf. das Hohe Ufer). Hanover was a small village of ferrymen and fishermen that became a comparatively large town in the 13th century due to its position at a natural crossroads. As overland travel was relatively difficult, its position on the upper navigable reaches of the river helped it to grow by increasing trade. It was connected to the Hanseatic League city of Bremen by the Leine, and was situated near the southern edge of the wide North German Plain and north-west of the Harz mountains, so that east-west traffic such as mule trains passed through it. Hanover was thus a gateway to the Rhine, Ruhr and Saar river valleys, their industrial areas which grew up to the southwest and the plains regions to the east and north, for overland traffic skirting the Harz between the Low Countries and Saxony or Thuringia.
qas: answers: text: east bank of the River Leine
question: Where was Hanover originally founded?

answers: text: "high (river)bank"
question: What did Hanover possibly originally mean?

answers: text: 13th century
question: When did Hanover become a comparitvely large town?

answers: text: Hanseatic League city of Bremen
question: Which city was Hanover connected to by the Leine?

answers: text: mule trains
question: What is one example of traffic that passed through Hanover?

context: After Napoleon imposed the Convention of Artlenburg (Convention of the Elbe) on July 5, 1803, about 30,000 French soldiers occupied Hanover. The Convention also required disbanding the army of Hanover. However, George III did not recognize the Convention of the Elbe. This resulted in a great number of soldiers from Hanover eventually emigrating to Great Britain, where the King's German Legion was formed. It was the only German army to fight against France throughout the entire Napoleonic wars. The Legion later played an important role in the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. The Congress of Vienna in 1815 elevated the electorate to the Kingdom of Hanover. The capital town Hanover expanded to the western bank of the Leine and since then has grown considerably.
qas: answers: text: Napoleon
question: Who imposed the Convention of Artlenburg?

answers: text: 30,000
question: How many French soldiers occupied Hanover?

answers: text: Great Britain
question: Where did many soldiers from Hanover emigrate to?

answers: text: King's German Legion
question: What did the soldiers who emigrated form?

answers: text: The Congress of Vienna
question: Who elevated Hanover to the Kingdom of Hanover in 1815?

context: The Berggarten is an important European botanical garden.[citation needed] Some points of interest are the Tropical House, the Cactus House, the Canary House and the Orchid House, which hosts one of the world's biggest collection of orchids, and free-flying birds and butterflies. Near the entrance to the Berggarten is the historic Library Pavillon. The Mausoleum of the Guelphs is also located in the Berggarten. Like the Great Garden, the Berggarten also consists of several parts, for example the Paradies and the Prairie Garden. There is also the Sea Life Centre Hanover, which is the first tropical aquarium in Germany.[citation needed]
qas: answers: text: European botanical garden
question: What is the Berggarten?

answers: text: Orchid House
question: What is the name of the area inside the Berggarten that hosts one of the world's biggest collection of orchids?

answers: text: Library Pavillon
question: What historic landmark is near the entrance to the Berggarten?

answers: text: Sea Life Centre Hanover
question: What is the name of the first tropical aquarium in Germany?

answers: text: butterflies
question: Other than orchids and birds, what else is housed in the Orchid House?

context: Various industrial businesses are located in Hannover. The Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles Transporter (VWN) factory at Hannover-Stöcken is the biggest employer in the region and operates a huge plant at the northern edge of town adjoining the Mittellandkanal and Motorway A2. Jointly with a factory of German tire and automobile parts manufacturer Continental AG, they have a coal-burning power plant. Continental AG, founded in Hanover in 1871, is one of the city's major companies, as is Sennheiser. Since 2008 a take-over is in progress: the Schaeffler Group from Herzogenaurach (Bavaria) holds the majority of the stock but were required due to the financial crisis to deposit the options as securities at banks. TUI AG has its HQ in Hanover. Hanover is home to many insurance companies, many of which operate only in Germany. One major global reinsurance company is Hannover Re, whose headquarters are east of the city centre.
qas: answers: text: Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles Transporter
question: What does VWN stand for?

answers: text: northern edge of town
question: What part of town is the plant owned by VWN located in?

answers: text: Continental AG
question: Which company was founded in Hanover in 1871?

answers: text: Hanover
question: Where does TUI AG host their headquarters?

answers: text: Hannover Re
question: Which major global reinsurance company has their headquarters east of the city center?

context: Around 40 theatres are located in Hanover. The Opera House, the Schauspielhaus (Play House), the Ballhofeins, the Ballhofzwei and the Cumberlandsche Galerie belong to the Lower Saxony State Theatre. The Theater am Aegi is Hanover's big theatre for musicals, shows and guest performances. The Neues Theater (New Theatre) is the Boulevard Theatre of Hanover. The Theater für Niedersachsen is another big theatre in Hanover, which also has an own Musical-Company. Some of the most important Musical-Productions are the rock musicals of the German rock musician Heinz Rudolph Kunze, which take place at the Garden-Theatre in the Great Garden.
qas: answers: text: 40
question: How many theaters approximately are located in Hanover?

answers: text: Play House
question: What is the Schauspielhaus in English?

answers: text: Lower Saxony State Theatre
question: Who does the Cumberlandsche Galerie belong to?

answers: text: Theater am Aegi
question: Which theatre is Hanover's big theatre for musicals, shows and guest performances?

answers: text: Theater für Niedersachsen
question: Which theater has it's own musical company?

context: Hannover 96 (nickname Die Roten or 'The Reds') is the top local football team that plays in the Bundesliga top division. Home games are played at the HDI-Arena, which hosted matches in the 1974 and 2006 World Cups and the Euro 1988. Their reserve team Hannover 96 II plays in the fourth league. Their home games were played in the traditional Eilenriedestadium till they moved to the HDI Arena due to DFL directives. Arminia Hannover is another very traditional soccer team in Hanover that has played in the first league for years and plays now in the Niedersachsen-West Liga (Lower Saxony League West). Home matches are played in the Rudolf-Kalweit-Stadium.
qas: answers: text: Hannover 96
question: Who does the nicname "Die Roten" belong to?

answers: text: Bundesliga
question: What is another name for the top football division?

answers: text: HDI-Arena
question: What is the name of the stadium that the Hanover football team plays in?

answers: text: Eilenriedestadium
question: Where did the reserve team for the main Hanover team used to play?

answers: text: fourth league
question: Which league does the reserve team Hanover 96 II play in?

context: With a population of 518,000, Hanover is a major centre of Northern Germany and the country's thirteenth largest city. Hanover also hosts annual commercial trade fairs such as the Hanover Fair and the CeBIT. Every year Hanover hosts the Schützenfest Hannover, the world's largest marksmen's festival, and the Oktoberfest Hannover, the second largest Oktoberfest in the world (beside Oktoberfest of Blumenau). In 2000, Hanover hosted the world fair Expo 2000. The Hanover fairground, due to numerous extensions, especially for the Expo 2000, is the largest in the world. Hanover is of national importance because of its universities and medical school, its international airport and its large zoo. The city is also a major crossing point of railway lines and highways (Autobahnen), connecting European main lines in both the east-west (Berlin–Ruhr area) and north-south (Hamburg–Munich, etc.) directions.
qas: answers: text: 518,000
question: What is Hanover's population?

answers: text: thirteenth largest
question: What is Hanover's ranking in terms of size in Germany?

answers: text: Oktoberfest of Blumenau
question: What is the largest Oktoberfest in the world?

answers: text: 2000
question: In which year did Hanover host the Expo?

answers: text: Autobahnen
question: What is "highways" in German?

context: Another point of interest is the Old Town. In the centre are the large Marktkirche (Church St. Georgii et Jacobi, preaching venue of the bishop of the Lutheran Landeskirche Hannovers) and the Old Town Hall. Nearby are the Leibniz House, the Nolte House, and the Beguine Tower. A very nice quarter of the Old Town is the Kreuz-Church-Quarter around the Kreuz Church with many nice little lanes. Nearby is the old royal sports hall, now called the Ballhof theatre. On the edge of the Old Town are the Market Hall, the Leine Palace, and the ruin of the Aegidien Church which is now a monument to the victims of war and violence. Through the Marstall Gate you arrive at the bank of the river Leine, where the world-famous Nanas of Niki de Saint-Phalle are located. They are part of the Mile of Sculptures, which starts from Trammplatz, leads along the river bank, crosses Königsworther Square, and ends at the entrance of the Georgengarten. Near the Old Town is the district of Calenberger Neustadt where the Catholic Basilica Minor of St. Clemens, the Reformed Church and the Lutheran Neustädter Hof- und Stadtkirche St. Johannis are located.
qas: answers: text: Old Town
question: Where are the large Martkirche located?

answers: text: Ballhof theatre
question: What is the old royal sports hall now called?

answers: text: Aegidien Church
question: What is the name of the momument to the victims of war and violence?

answers: text: Nanas of Niki de Saint-Phalle
question: What world famous landmark is located on the bank of the Leine?

answers: text: Trammplatz
question: Where does the Mile of Sculptures start?

context: A cabinet of coins is the Münzkabinett der TUI-AG. The Polizeigeschichtliche Sammlung Niedersachsen is the largest police museum in Germany. Textiles from all over the world can be visited in the Museum for textile art. The EXPOseeum is the museum of the world-exhibition "EXPO 2000 Hannover". Carpets and objects from the orient can be visited in the Oriental Carpet Museum. The Blind Man Museum is a rarity in Germany, another one is only in Berlin. The Museum of veterinary medicine is unique in Germany. The Museum for Energy History describes the 150 years old history of the application of energy. The Home Museum Ahlem shows the history of the district of Ahlem. The Mahn- und Gedenkstätte Ahlem describes the history of the Jewish people in Hanover and the Stiftung Ahlers Pro Arte / Kestner Pro Arte shows modern art. Modern art is also the main topic of the Kunsthalle Faust, the Nord/LB Art Gellery and of the Foro Artistico / Eisfabrik.
qas: answers: text: A cabinet of coins
question: What is the Münzkabinett der TUI-AG?

answers: text: Polizeigeschichtliche Sammlung Niedersachsen
question: What is the name of the largest police museum in Germany?

answers: text: Oriental Carpet Museum
question: Where can you find carpets and objects from the orient?

answers: text: Berlin
question: Other than in Hanover, where else can you find a Blind Man Museum?

answers: text: Modern art
question: What is the main topic of the Kunsthalle Faust?