Westminster_Abbey

context: Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the most notable religious buildings in the United Kingdom and has been the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and, later, British monarchs. Between 1540 and 1556 the abbey had the status of a cathedral. Since 1560, however, the building is no longer an abbey nor a cathedral, having instead the status of a Church of England "Royal Peculiar"—a church responsible directly to the sovereign. The building itself is the original abbey church.
qas: answers: text: Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster
question: What was Westminster Abbey's original name?

answers: text: Gothic
question: What style architecture is the Westminster Abbey considered?

answers: text: City of Westminster, London
question: In what city is Westminster Abbey located?

answers: text: Between 1540 and 1556
question: In what years was the Abbey considered a cathedral?

answers: text: Royal Peculiar
question: What type of building is the Abbey now considered?

answers: text: the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster
question: What is the formal name of Westminster Abbey?

answers: text: City of Westminster, London
question: Where is Westminster Abbey located?

answers: text: Between 1540 and 1556
question: When was Westminster Abbey a cathedral?

answers: text: Church of England "Royal Peculiar"
question: What has been the status of Westminster Abbey since 1560?

context: According to a tradition first reported by Sulcard in about 1080, a church was founded at the site (then known as Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)) in the 7th century, at the time of Mellitus, a Bishop of London. Construction of the present church began in 1245, on the orders of King Henry III.
qas: answers: text: 1245
question: What year did the construction of the church begin?

answers: text: King Henry III
question: Who commissioned the Abbey to be built?

answers: text: Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)
question: What was the area previously named?

answers: text: 7th century
question: In what century was the church established at the location?

answers: text: Mellitus, a Bishop of London
question: Who was the Bishop in this time frame?

answers: text: Thorn Island
question: What is the meaning of Thorn Ey?

answers: text: 7th century
question: When was a church first founded at the site?

answers: text: a Bishop of London
question: Who was Mellitus?

answers: text: 1245
question: When was construction of the present church started?

answers: text: King Henry III
question: Who ordered the construction of the church?

context: The first reports of the abbey are based on a late tradition claiming that a young fisherman called Aldrich on the River Thames saw a vision of Saint Peter near the site. This seems to be quoted to justify the gifts of salmon from Thames fishermen that the abbey received in later years. In the present era, the Fishmonger's Company still gives a salmon every year. The proven origins are that in the 960s or early 970s, Saint Dunstan, assisted by King Edgar, installed a community of Benedictine monks here.
qas: answers: text: Aldrich
question: What was the name of the fisherman in lore that saw a vision of Saint Peter near the Abbey?

answers: text: salmon
question: What type of fish did the Abbey receive from Thames fisherman?

answers: text: Benedictine
question: What kind of monks lived at the Abbey?

answers: text: Fishmonger's Company
question: Who, till this day still gives the Abbey a fish?

answers: text: Saint Dunstan
question: Who along with the King Edgar established the monks at the Abbey?

answers: text: Aldrich
question: Who supposedly had a vison of Saint Peter on the River Thames?

answers: text: Thames fishermen
question: Who first gifted salmon to the abbey?

answers: text: Fishmonger's Company
question: Who still gives salmon to the abbey today?

answers: text: 960s or early 970s
question: When was the monk community installed?

context: Between 1042 and 1052 King Edward the Confessor began rebuilding St Peter's Abbey to provide himself with a royal burial church. It was the first church in England built in the Romanesque style. The building was not completed until around 1090 but was consecrated on 28 December 1065, only a week before Edward's death on 5 January 1066. A week later he was buried in the church, and nine years later his wife Edith was buried alongside him. His successor, Harold II, was probably crowned in the abbey, although the first documented coronation is that of William the Conqueror later the same year.
qas: answers: text: Romanesque style
question: What architectural design was St Peter's abbey considered?

answers: text: 1090
question: What year was the building finished?

answers: text: 28 December 1065
question: What was the date of the Abbey's coronation? 

answers: text: William the Conqueror
question: Who was the first recorded coronation at the Abbey?

answers: text: King Edward the Confessor
question: What King restored the Abbey in the years 1042 and 1052?

answers: text: King Edward the Confessor
question: Who rebuilt the abbey for a burial church?

answers: text: Romanesque
question: What style was the church rebuilt in?

answers: text: 28 December 1065
question: When was the building consecrated?

answers: text: 5 January 1066
question: When did King Edward the Confessor die?

answers: text: William the Conqueror
question: Who was the first documented coronation?

context: Since 1066, when Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror were crowned, the coronations of English and British monarchs have been held there. There have been at least 16 royal weddings at the abbey since 1100. Two were of reigning monarchs (Henry I and Richard II), although, before 1919, there had been none for some 500 years.
qas: answers: text: Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror
question: Who were the first monarchs crowned at Westminster Abbey?

answers: text: 1066
question: Since when have coronations been held at Westminster Abbey?

answers: text: 16
question: How many royal weddings have occurred at the abbey?

answers: text: Henry I and Richard II
question: Which two reigning monarchs had weddings at the abbey?

answers: text: 1100
question: When did royal weddings begin at the church?

context: The only extant depiction of Edward's abbey, together with the adjacent Palace of Westminster, is in the Bayeux Tapestry. Some of the lower parts of the monastic dormitory, an extension of the South Transept, survive in the Norman undercroft of the Great School, including a door said to come from the previous Saxon abbey. Increased endowments supported a community increased from a dozen monks in Dunstan's original foundation, up to a maximum about eighty monks, although there was also a large community of lay brothers who supported the monastery's extensive property and activities.
qas: answers: text: Bayeux Tapestry
question: Where is the only existant depiction of Edward's abbey?

answers: text: a dozen
question: What was the original size of Dunstan's original monk community?

answers: text: endowments
question: How was the community able to increase?

answers: text: Palace of Westminster
question: What is adjacent the abbey?

context: The abbot and monks, in proximity to the royal Palace of Westminster, the seat of government from the later 12th century, became a powerful force in the centuries after the Norman Conquest. The abbot often was employed on royal service and in due course took his place in the House of Lords as of right. Released from the burdens of spiritual leadership, which passed to the reformed Cluniac movement after the mid-10th century, and occupied with the administration of great landed properties, some of which lay far from Westminster, "the Benedictines achieved a remarkable degree of identification with the secular life of their times, and particularly with upper-class life", Barbara Harvey concludes, to the extent that her depiction of daily life provides a wider view of the concerns of the English gentry in the High and Late Middle Ages.[citation needed]
qas: answers: text: The abbot and monks
question: Who became a powerful force after the Norman Conquest?

answers: text: government
question: The Palace of Westminster was the seat of what from the later 12th century?

answers: text: The abbot
question: Who was employed on royal service?

answers: text: secular
question: With what kind of life were the Benedictines allowed to identify?

answers: text: Cluniac
question: To what movement was the task of spiritual leadership passed?

context: The proximity of the Palace of Westminster did not extend to providing monks or abbots with high royal connections; in social origin the Benedictines of Westminster were as modest as most of the order. The abbot remained Lord of the Manor of Westminster as a town of two to three thousand persons grew around it: as a consumer and employer on a grand scale the monastery helped fuel the town economy, and relations with the town remained unusually cordial, but no enfranchising charter was issued during the Middle Ages. The abbey built shops and dwellings on the west side, encroaching upon the sanctuary.[citation needed]
qas: answers: text: Lord of the Manor of Westminster
question: What did the abbot remain as a town built around the abbey?

answers: text: the town economy
question: What did the monastery help fuel?

answers: text: shops and dwellings
question: What did the abbey build on the west side?

answers: text: shops and dwellings
question: What encroached upon the sanctuary?

context: The abbey became the coronation site of Norman kings. None were buried there until Henry III, intensely devoted to the cult of the Confessor, rebuilt the abbey in Anglo-French Gothic style as a shrine to venerate King Edward the Confessor and as a suitably regal setting for Henry's own tomb, under the highest Gothic nave in England. The Confessor's shrine subsequently played a great part in his canonisation. The work continued between 1245 and 1517 and was largely finished by the architect Henry Yevele in the reign of Richard II. Henry III also commissioned unique Cosmati pavement in front of the High Altar (the pavement has recently undergone a major cleaning and conservation programme and was re-dedicated by the Dean at a service on 21 May 2010).
qas: answers: text: coronation site
question: What was the abbey to Norman kings?

answers: text: Henry Yevele
question: What architect continued work on the abbey?

answers: text: Richard II
question: Who was reigning when Henry Yevele finished his work on the abbey?

answers: text: Cosmati
question: What kind of pavement was commissioned for in front of the High Altar?

answers: text: The Confessor's shrine
question: What played a large role in King Edward the Confessor's canonisation?

context: Henry VII added a Perpendicular style chapel dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary in 1503 (known as the Henry VII Chapel or the "Lady Chapel"). Much of the stone came from Caen, in France (Caen stone), the Isle of Portland (Portland stone) and the Loire Valley region of France (tuffeau limestone).[citation needed]
qas: answers: text: Henry VII
question: Who added a Perpendicular style chapel?

answers: text: Blessed Virgin Mary
question: Who was the Perpendicular style chapel dedicated to?

answers: text: Caen
question: What part of France did the Caen stone come from?

answers: text: Isle of Portland
question: Where did the Portland stone come from?

answers: text: 1503
question: When was the Lady Chapel added?

context: In 1535, the abbey's annual income of £2400–2800[citation needed] (£1,310,000 to £1,530,000 as of 2016), during the assessment attendant on the Dissolution of the Monasteries rendered it second in wealth only to Glastonbury Abbey.
qas: answers: text: 1535
question: When was the abbey's annual income £2400–2800?

answers: text: £1,310,000 to £1,530,000
question: What was the abbey's annual income as of 2016?

answers: text: Glastonbury Abbey
question: To which other abbey was Westminster Abbey second in wealth?

answers: text: the assessment attendant on the Dissolution of the Monasteries
question: During what was the abbey made second in wealth?

context: Henry VIII assumed direct royal control in 1539 and granted the abbey the status of a cathedral by charter in 1540, simultaneously issuing letters patent establishing the Diocese of Westminster. By granting the abbey cathedral status Henry VIII gained an excuse to spare it from the destruction or dissolution which he inflicted on most English abbeys during this period.
qas: answers: text: 1539
question: When did Henry VIII take direct royal control?

answers: text: Henry VIII
question: Who gave the abbey status of a cathedral in 1540?

answers: text: destruction
question: What did the cathedral status save the abbey from?

answers: text: the Diocese of Westminster
question: What did changing the status of the abbey create?

context: Westminster diocese was dissolved in 1550, but the abbey was recognised (in 1552, retroactively to 1550) as a second cathedral of the Diocese of London until 1556. The already-old expression "robbing Peter to pay Paul" may have been given a new lease of life when money meant for the abbey, which is dedicated to Saint Peter, was diverted to the treasury of St Paul's Cathedral.
qas: answers: text: 1550
question: When was Westminster Diocese dissolved?

answers: text: a second cathedral of the Diocese of London
question: The abbey was recognised as what until 1556?

answers: text: Saint Peter
question: Who is the abbey dedicated to?

context: The abbey was restored to the Benedictines under the Catholic Mary I of England, but they were again ejected under Elizabeth I in 1559. In 1560, Elizabeth re-established Westminster as a "Royal Peculiar" – a church of the Church of England responsible directly to the Sovereign, rather than to a diocesan bishop – and made it the Collegiate Church of St Peter (that is, a non-cathedral church with an attached chapter of canons, headed by a dean.) The last of Mary's abbots was made the first dean.
qas: answers: text: Mary I of England
question: The abbey was regiven to the Benedictines under whom?

answers: text: Elizabeth I
question: Who ejected the Benedictines again in 1559?

answers: text: Collegiate Church of St Peter
question: What was the new name of the abbey when Elizabeth I reestablished it?

answers: text: The last of Mary's abbots
question: Who was made the first dean of the new church?

context: It suffered damage during the turbulent 1640s, when it was attacked by Puritan iconoclasts, but was again protected by its close ties to the state during the Commonwealth period. Oliver Cromwell was given an elaborate funeral there in 1658, only to be disinterred in January 1661 and posthumously hanged from a gibbet at Tyburn.
qas: answers: text: 1640s
question: When did the abbey suffer damage?

answers: text: Puritan iconoclasts
question: Who attacked the abbey?

answers: text: ties to the state during the Commonwealth
question: What protected the abbey?

answers: text: Oliver Cromwell
question: Who had a fancy funeral at the abbey in 1658?

answers: text: January 1661
question: When was Oliver Cromwell disinterred?

context: The abbey's two western towers were built between 1722 and 1745 by Nicholas Hawksmoor, constructed from Portland stone to an early example of a Gothic Revival design. Purbeck marble was used for the walls and the floors of Westminster Abbey, even though the various tombstones are made of different types of marble. Further rebuilding and restoration occurred in the 19th century under Sir George Gilbert Scott.
qas: answers: text: between 1722 and 1745
question: When were the western towers built?

answers: text: Nicholas Hawksmoor
question: Who built the western towers of the abbey?

answers: text: Purbeck
question: What kind of marble was used for the walls and floors of the abbey?

answers: text: Sir George Gilbert Scott
question: Under whom did the 19th century rebulding occur?

answers: text: Portland stone
question: What were the two western towers built from?

context: A narthex (a portico or entrance hall) for the west front was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens in the mid-20th century but was not built. Images of the abbey prior to the construction of the towers are scarce, though the abbey's official website states that the building was without towers following Yevele's renovation, with just the lower segments beneath the roof level of the Nave completed.
qas: answers: text: A narthex
question: What was designed for the west front of the abbey but not built?

answers: text: mid-20th century
question: When was the narthex designed?

answers: text: Yevele
question: The abbey was without towers following the renovation by whom?

context: Until the 19th century, Westminster was the third seat of learning in England, after Oxford and Cambridge. It was here that the first third of the King James Bible Old Testament and the last half of the New Testament were translated. The New English Bible was also put together here in the 20th century. Westminster suffered minor damage during the Blitz on 15 November 1940.
qas: answers: text: Oxford and Cambridge
question: Westminster Abbey was the third highest place of learning after which two places?

answers: text: King James Bible Old Testament
question: The first third of what was translated at the abbey?

answers: text: New Testament
question: The last half of what was also translated at the abbey?

answers: text: 20th century
question: The New English Bible was composed at the abbey during what time?

answers: text: the Blitz
question: Westminster Abbey suffered damage during what on 15 November 1940?

context: In the 1990s two icons by the Russian icon painter Sergei Fyodorov were hung in the abbey. On 6 September 1997 the funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, was held at the Abbey. On 17 September 2010 Pope Benedict XVI became the first pope to set foot in the abbey.
qas: answers: text: Sergei Fyodorov
question: Who painted the icons hung in the abbey in the 1990s?

answers: text: funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales
question: What was held at the abbey on 6 September 1997?

answers: text: Pope Benedict XVI
question: Who was the first pope to set foot in the abbey?

answers: text: 17 September 2010
question: On what date did the first pope set foot in the abbey?

answers: text: Russian
question: What nationality was Sergei Fyodorov?

context: Since the coronations in 1066 of both King Harold and William the Conqueror, coronations of English and British monarchs were held in the abbey. In 1216, Henry III was unable to be crowned in London when he first came to the throne, because the French prince Louis had taken control of the city, and so the king was crowned in Gloucester Cathedral. This coronation was deemed by the Pope to be improper, and a further coronation was held in the abbey on 17 May 1220. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the traditional cleric in the coronation ceremony.[citation needed]
qas: answers: text: Gloucester Cathedral
question: Where was Henry III crowned?

answers: text: 1216
question: When was Henry III crowned?

answers: text: French prince Louis
question: Who had taken control of London when Henry III was to be crowned?

answers: text: the Pope
question: Who deemed Henry III's coronation to be improper?

answers: text: The Archbishop of Canterbury
question: Who is the usual cleric for coronation ceremonies?

context: King Edward's Chair (or St Edward's Chair), the throne on which English and British sovereigns have been seated at the moment of coronation, is housed within the abbey and has been used at every coronation since 1308. From 1301 to 1996 (except for a short time in 1950 when it was temporarily stolen by Scottish nationalists), the chair also housed the Stone of Scone upon which the kings of Scots are crowned. Although the Stone is now kept in Scotland, in Edinburgh Castle, at future coronations it is intended that the Stone will be returned to St Edward's Chair for use during the coronation ceremony.[citation needed]
qas: answers: text: King Edward's Chair
question: What is the name of the throne used for coronation?

answers: text: St Edward's Chair
question: What is another name for King Edward's Chair?

answers: text: the Stone of Scone
question: Upon what are kings of Scots coronated?

answers: text: Scottish nationalists
question: Who had stolen the Stone of Scone?

context: Westminster Abbey is a collegiate church governed by the Dean and Chapter of Westminster, as established by Royal charter of Queen Elizabeth I in 1560, which created it as the Collegiate Church of St Peter Westminster and a Royal Peculiar under the personal jurisdiction of the Sovereign. The members of the Chapter are the Dean and four canons residentiary, assisted by the Receiver General and Chapter Clerk. One of the canons is also Rector of St Margaret's Church, Westminster, and often holds also the post of Chaplain to the Speaker of the House of Commons.
qas: answers: text: collegiate church
question: What kind of church is Westminster Abbey?

answers: text: Queen Elizabeth I
question: Who created Westminster Abbey as the Collegiate Church of St Peter Westminster?

answers: text: the Dean and Chapter of Westminster
question: Who governs the church?

answers: text: the Dean and four canons residentiary
question: Who are the members of the chapter of Westminster?

answers: text: the Receiver General and Chapter Clerk
question: Who assist the chapter of Westminster?

context: In addition to the Dean and canons, there are at present two full-time minor canons, one is precentor, and the other is sacrist. The office of Priest Vicar was created in the 1970s for those who assist the minor canons. Together with the clergy and Receiver General and Chapter Clerk, various lay officers constitute the college, including the Organist and Master of the Choristers, the Registrar, the Auditor, the Legal Secretary, the Surveyor of the Fabric, the Head Master of the choir school, the Keeper of the Muniments and the Clerk of the Works, as well as 12 lay vicars, 10 choristers and the High Steward and High Bailiff.
qas: answers: text: 12
question: How many lay vicars are there?

answers: text: 10
question: How many choristers are there at the abbey?

answers: text: 1970s
question: When was the office of Priest Vicar created?

context: Henry III rebuilt the abbey in honour of a royal saint, Edward the Confessor, whose relics were placed in a shrine in the sanctuary. Henry III himself was interred nearby, as were many of the Plantagenet kings of England, their wives and other relatives. Until the death of George II of Great Britain in 1760, most kings and queens were buried in the abbey, some notable exceptions being Henry VI, Edward IV, Henry VIII and Charles I who are buried in St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle. Other exceptions include Richard III, now buried at Leicester Cathedral, and the de facto queen Lady Jane Grey, buried in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula in the Tower of London. Most monarchs and royals who died after 1760 are buried either in St George's Chapel or at Frogmore to the east of Windsor Castle.[citation needed]
qas: answers: text: Edward the Confessor
question: Henry III rebuilt the abbey in honour of whom?

answers: text: 1760
question: When did George II of Great Britain die?

answers: text: a royal saint
question: Who was Edward the Confessor?

answers: text: St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle
question: Where was Henry VI buried?

answers: text: Leicester Cathedral
question: Where was Richard III buried?

context: From the Middle Ages, aristocrats were buried inside chapels, while monks and other people associated with the abbey were buried in the cloisters and other areas. One of these was Geoffrey Chaucer, who was buried here as he had apartments in the abbey where he was employed as master of the King's Works. Other poets, writers and musicians were buried or memorialised around Chaucer in what became known as Poets' Corner. Abbey musicians such as Henry Purcell were also buried in their place of work.[citation needed]
qas: answers: text: inside chapels
question: Where were aristocrats buried from the Middle Ages?

answers: text: master of the King's Works
question: Geoffrey Chaucer was employed as what?

answers: text: in the abbey
question: Henry Purcell was buried where?

context: Subsequently, it became one of Britain's most significant honours to be buried or commemorated in the abbey. The practice of burying national figures in the abbey began under Oliver Cromwell with the burial of Admiral Robert Blake in 1657. The practice spread to include generals, admirals, politicians, doctors and scientists such as Isaac Newton, buried on 4 April 1727, and Charles Darwin, buried 26 April 1882. Another was William Wilberforce who led the movement to abolish slavery in the United Kingdom and the Plantations, buried on 3 August 1833. Wilberforce was buried in the north transept, close to his friend, the former Prime Minister, William Pitt.[citation needed]
qas: answers: text: Admiral Robert Blake
question: Oliver Cromwell began buring national figures in the abbey starting with whom?

answers: text: Isaac Newton
question: Who was buried in the abbey on 4 April 1727?

answers: text: Charles Darwin
question: Who was buried in the abbey on 26 April 1882?

answers: text: William Wilberforce
question: Who was buried in the abbey on 3 August 1833?

answers: text: William Pitt
question: Who was buried next to William Wilberforce?

context: During the early 20th century it became increasingly common to bury cremated remains rather than coffins in the abbey. In 1905 the actor Sir Henry Irving was cremated and his ashes buried in Westminster Abbey, thereby becoming the first person ever to be cremated prior to interment at the abbey. The majority of interments at the Abbey are of cremated remains, but some burials still take place - Frances Challen, wife of the Rev Sebastian Charles, Canon of Westminster, was buried alongside her husband in the south choir aisle in 2014. Members of the Percy Family have a family vault, The Northumberland Vault, in St Nicholas's chapel within the abbey.
qas: answers: text: cremated
question: In the early 20th century it became more common to bury what kind of remains?

answers: text: 1905
question: In what year was Sir Henry Irving cremated?

answers: text: Frances Challen
question: Who was buried in the south choir aisle in 2014?

answers: text: Percy Family
question: What family has the Northumberland Vault?

context: In the floor, just inside the great west door, in the centre of the nave, is the tomb of The Unknown Warrior, an unidentified British soldier killed on a European battlefield during the First World War. He was buried in the abbey on 11 November 1920. This grave is the only one in the abbey on which it is forbidden to walk.[citation needed]
qas: answers: text: 11 November 1920
question: When was The Unknown Warrior buried?

context: At the east end of the Lady Chapel is a memorial chapel to the airmen of the RAF who were killed in the Second World War. It incorporates a memorial window to the Battle of Britain, which replaces an earlier Tudor stained glass window destroyed in the war.
qas: answers: text: At the east end of the Lady Chapel
question: Where is the memorial chapel of the airmen of the RAF?

answers: text: the Battle of Britain
question: The memorial chapel of the airmen of the RAF has a window for what?

answers: text: Tudor stained glass window
question: The window for the Battle of Britain replaced what that was destroyed?

context: On Saturday September 6, 1997 the formal, though not "state" Funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, was held. It was a royal ceremonial funeral including royal pageantry and Anglican funeral liturgy. A Second Public service was held on Sunday at the demand of the people. The burial occurred privately later the same day. Diana's former husband, sons, mother, siblings, a close friend, and a clergyman were present. Diana's body was clothed in a black long-sleeved dress designed by Catherine Walker, which she had chosen some weeks before. A set of rosary beads was placed in her hands, a gift she had received from Mother Teresa. Her grave is on the grounds of her family estate, Althorp, on a private island.[citation needed]
qas: answers: text: Saturday September 6, 1997
question: When was the formal funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales?

answers: text: Sunday
question: When was a second public service held for Princess Diana?

answers: text: Catherine Walker
question: Who designed Diana's dress?

answers: text: Mother Teresa
question: Who gave Diana the rosary beads?

context: Westminster School and Westminster Abbey Choir School are also in the precincts of the abbey. It was natural for the learned and literate monks to be entrusted with education, and Benedictine monks were required by the Pope to maintain a charity school in 1179. The Choir School educates and trains the choirboys who sing for services in the Abbey.
qas: answers: text: Westminster School and Westminster Abbey Choir School
question: What are also in the precincts of Westminster Abbey?

answers: text: the Pope
question: Who required the Benedictine monks to maintain a charity school?

answers: text: 1179
question: When were the Benedictine monks required to maintain a charity school?

answers: text: Westminster Abbey Choir School
question: The choirboys of the abbey are trained where?

context: The organ was built by Harrison & Harrison in 1937, then with four manuals and 84 speaking stops, and was used for the first time at the coronation of King George VI. Some pipework from the previous Hill organ of 1848 was revoiced and incorporated in the new scheme. The two organ cases, designed in the late 19th century by John Loughborough Pearson, were re-instated and coloured in 1959.
qas: answers: text: Harrison & Harrison
question: Who built the organ?

answers: text: 1937
question: When was the organ built? 

answers: text: the coronation of King George VI
question: When was the organ first used?

answers: text: pipework
question: What was included in the new organ from the previous Hill organ of 1848?

answers: text: John Loughborough Pearson
question: Who designed the two organ cases?

context: In 1982 and 1987, Harrison and Harrison enlarged the organ under the direction of the then abbey organist Simon Preston to include an additional Lower Choir Organ and a Bombarde Organ: the current instrument now has five manuals and 109 speaking stops. In 2006, the console of the organ was refurbished by Harrison and Harrison, and space was prepared for two additional 16 ft stops on the Lower Choir Organ and the Bombarde Organ. One part of the instrument, the Celestial Organ, is currently not connected or playable.
qas: answers: text: the Celestial Organ
question: What part of the organ is not connected or playable?

context: The bells at the abbey were overhauled in 1971. The ring is now made up of ten bells, hung for change ringing, cast in 1971, by the Whitechapel Bell Foundry, tuned to the notes: F#, E, D, C#, B, A, G, F#, E and D. The Tenor bell in D (588.5 Hz) has a weight of 30 cwt, 1 qtr, 15 lb (3403 lb or 1544 kg).
qas: answers: text: 1971
question: When were the bells overhauled?

answers: text: Ten
question: How many bells make up the abbey ring?

answers: text: 1971
question: When were the ten bells cast?

answers: text: Whitechapel Bell Foundry
question: Who cast the abbey bells?

context: In addition there are two service bells, cast by Robert Mot, in 1585 and 1598 respectively, a Sanctus bell cast in 1738 by Richard Phelps and Thomas Lester and two unused bells—one cast about 1320, by the successor to R de Wymbish, and a second cast in 1742, by Thomas Lester. The two service bells and the 1320 bell, along with a fourth small silver "dish bell", kept in the refectory, have been noted as being of historical importance by the Church Buildings Council of the Church of England.
qas: answers: text: Robert Mot
question: Who cast the two service bells?

answers: text: 1585 and 1598
question: When were the two service bells cast?

answers: text: 1738
question: When was the Sanctus bell cast?

answers: text: Richard Phelps and Thomas Lester
question: Who cast the Sanctus bell?

answers: text: in the refectory
question: Where is the "dish bell" kept?

context: The chapter house was built concurrently with the east parts of the abbey under Henry III, between about 1245 and 1253. It was restored by Sir George Gilbert Scott in 1872. The entrance is approached from the east cloister walk and includes a double doorway with a large tympanum above.
qas: answers: text: Henry III
question: Under whom was the chapter house built?

answers: text: Sir George Gilbert Scott
question: Who restored the chapter house in 1872?

context: Inner and outer vestibules lead to the octagonal chapter house, which is of exceptional architectural purity. It is built in a Geometrical Gothic style with an octagonal crypt below. A pier of eight shafts carries the vaulted ceiling. To the sides are blind arcading, remains of 14th-century paintings and numerous stone benches above which are innovatory large 4-light quatre-foiled windows. These are virtually contemporary with the Sainte-Chapelle, Paris.
qas: answers: text: Geometrical Gothic style
question: What style is the octagonal chapter house?

answers: text: crypt
question: There is an octagonal what below the chapter house?

answers: text: vaulted
question: What kind of ceiling is in the chapter house?

answers: text: 4-light quatre-foiled windows
question: What kind of windows are in the chapter house?

answers: text: the Sainte-Chapelle, Paris
question: The architecture of the chapter house is contemporary with what?

context: The chapter house has an original mid-13th-century tiled pavement. A door within the vestibule dates from around 1050 and is believed to be the oldest in England.[citation needed] The exterior includes flying buttresses added in the 14th century and a leaded tent-lantern roof on an iron frame designed by Scott. The Chapter house was originally used in the 13th century by Benedictine monks for daily meetings. It later became a meeting place of the King's Great Council and the Commons, predecessors of Parliament.
qas: answers: text: mid-13th-century
question: What kind of tiled pavement is in the chapter house?

answers: text: 1050
question: A door in the vestible dates back to when?

answers: text: the 14th century
question: When were the exterior flying buttresses added?

answers: text: King's Great Council and the Commons
question: Who else met in the chapter house?

context: The Pyx Chamber formed the undercroft of the monks' dormitory. It dates to the late 11th century and was used as a monastic and royal treasury. The outer walls and circular piers are of 11th-century date, several of the capitals were enriched in the 12th century and the stone altar added in the 13th century. The term pyx refers to the boxwood chest in which coins were held and presented to a jury during the Trial of the Pyx, in which newly minted coins were presented to ensure they conformed to the required standards.
qas: answers: text: The Pyx Chamber
question: What formed the undercroft of the monks' dormitory?

answers: text: the late 11th century
question: When does the Pyx Chamber date to?

answers: text: the Trial of the Pyx
question: When were newly minted coins presented to ensure they met standards?

context: The chapter house and Pyx Chamber at Westminster Abbey are in the guardianship of English Heritage, but under the care and management of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster. English Heritage have funded a major programme of work on the chapter house, comprising repairs to the roof, gutters, stonework on the elevations and flying buttresses as well as repairs to the lead light.
qas: answers: text: English Heritage
question: The Pyx Chamber and chapter house are under guardianship of whom?

answers: text: the Dean and Chapter of Westminster
question: Who cares for and manages the Pyx Chamber and chapter house?

answers: text: repairs
question: English Heritage has funded what for the chapter house?

context: The Westminster Abbey Museum is located in the 11th-century vaulted undercroft beneath the former monks' dormitory in Westminster Abbey. This is one of the oldest areas of the abbey, dating back almost to the foundation of the church by Edward the Confessor in 1065. This space has been used as a museum since 1908.
qas: answers: text: The Westminster Abbey Museum
question: What is located in the vaulted undercroft beneath the monks' dormitory?

answers: text: 1065
question: The area the museum occupies dates back to when?

answers: text: 1908
question: The vaulted undercroft beneath the monks' dormitory has been a museum since when?

context: The exhibits include a collection of royal and other funeral effigies (funeral saddle, helm and shield of Henry V), together with other treasures, including some panels of mediaeval glass, 12th-century sculpture fragments, Mary II's coronation chair and replicas of the coronation regalia, and historic effigies of Edward III, Henry VII and his queen, Elizabeth of York, Charles II, William III, Mary II and Queen Anne.
qas: answers: text: funeral saddle, helm and shield
question: What belonging to Henry V is in the museum?

answers: text: panels of mediaeval glass
question: What kind of panels are in the museum?

context: Later wax effigies include a likeness of Horatio, Viscount Nelson, wearing some of his own clothes and another of Prime Minister William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, modelled by the American-born sculptor Patience Wright.[citation needed] During recent conservation of Elizabeth I's effigy, a unique corset dating from 1603 was found on the figure and is now displayed separately.[citation needed]
qas: answers: text: sculptor Patience Wright
question: Who modelled the effigies in the museum?

answers: text: wax
question: What are the effigies made of?

answers: text: some of his own clothes
question: What is the effigy of Viscount Nelson wearing?

context: A recent addition to the exhibition is the late 13th-century Westminster Retable, England's oldest altarpiece, which was most probably designed for the high altar of the abbey. Although it has been damaged in past centuries, the panel has been expertly cleaned and conserved.
qas: answers: text: 13th-century Westminster Retable
question: What was recently added to the museum exhibit?

answers: text: England's oldest altarpiece
question: What is the Westminster Retable?

answers: text: high altar of the abbey
question: What was the altarpiece designed for?

answers: text: altarpiece
question: What was damaged but cleaned and then conserved?

context: In June 2009 the first major building work at the abbey for 250 years was proposed. A corona—a crown-like architectural feature—was intended to be built around the lantern over the central crossing, replacing an existing pyramidal structure dating from the 1950s. This was part of a wider £23m development of the abbey expected to be completed in 2013. On 4 August 2010 the Dean and Chapter announced that, "[a]fter a considerable amount of preliminary and exploratory work", efforts toward the construction of a corona would not be continued. In 2012, architects Panter Hudspith completed refurbishment of the 14th-century food-store originally used by the abbey's monks, converting it into a restaurant with English Oak furniture by Covent Garden-based furniture makers Luke Hughes and Company.
qas: answers: text: major building work
question: What was proposed for the abbey in June 2009?

answers: text: 4 August 2010
question: On what date did the Dean and Chapter announce that work would not be continued?

answers: text: a restaurant
question: Panter Hudspith refurbished a 14th-century foodstore into what?

answers: text: English Oak
question: What kind of furniture is in the restaurant?

answers: text: Luke Hughes and Company
question: Who supplied the furniture for the restaurant?

context: A project that is proceeding is the creation of The Queen's Diamond Jubilee Galleries in the medieval triforium of the abbey. The aim is to create a new display area for the abbey's treasures in the galleries high up around the abbey's nave. To this end a new Gothic access tower with lift has been designed by the abbey architect and Surveyor of the Fabric, Ptolemy Dean. It is planned that the new galleries will open in 2018.
qas: answers: text: The Queen's Diamond Jubilee Galleries
question: What will be created in the medieval triforium?

answers: text: Gothic access tower with lift
question: What has been designed to help with the gallery?

answers: text: 2018
question: When will the new galleries open?