Guam

context: Guam (i/ˈɡwɑːm/ or /ˈɡwɒm/; Chamorro: Guåhån;[needs IPA] formally the Territory of Guam) is an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States. Located in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, Guam is one of five American territories with an established civilian government. The capital city is Hagåtña, and the most populous city is Dededo. In 2015, 161,785 people resided on Guam. Guamanians are American citizens by birth. Guam has an area of 544 km2 (210 sq mi) and a density of 297/km² (770/sq mi). It is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands, and the largest island in Micronesia. Among its municipalities, Mongmong-Toto-Maite has the highest density at 1,425/km² (3,691/sq mi), whereas Inarajan and Umatac have the lowest density at 47/km² (119/sq mi). The highest point is Mount Lamlam at 406 meters (1,332 ft) above sea level.
qas: answers: text: United States
question: What country is Guam a territory of?

answers: text: northwestern Pacific Ocean
question: Where is the island of Guan located?

answers: text: 161,785
question: How many people currently call Guam home as of 2015?

answers: text: Dededo
question: What is the most populous city in Guam?

answers: text: Mount Lamlam
question: What is the name of the largest mountain in Guam?

context: The Chamorros, Guam's indigenous people, settled the island approximately 4,000 years ago. Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan was the first European to visit the island on March 6, 1521. Guam was colonized in 1668 with settlers, like Diego Luis de San Vitores, a Catholic missionary. Between the 1500s and the 1700s, Guam was an important stopover for the Spanish Manila Galleons. During the Spanish–American War, the United States captured Guam on June 21, 1898. Under the Treaty of Paris, Spain ceded Guam to the United States on December 10, 1898. Guam is amongst the seventeen Non-Self-Governing Territories of the United Nations.
qas: answers: text: Chamorros
question: What is the official name given for Guam's indigenous people?

answers: text: 4,000 years ago
question: When did Guam's indigenous people first arrive?

answers: text: Ferdinand Magellan
question: Who was the first European to visit the island?

answers: text: 1668
question: What year was Guam colonized?

answers: text: 1898
question: What year did the United States capture Guam?

context: Before World War II, Guam and three other territories – American Samoa, Hawaii, and the Philippines – were the only American jurisdictions in the Pacific Ocean. On December 7, 1941, hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Guam was captured by the Japanese, and was occupied for thirty months. During the occupation, Guamanians were subjected to culture alignment, forced labor, beheadings, rape, and torture. Guam endured hostilities when American forces recaptured the island on July 21, 1944; Liberation Day commemorates the victory. Since the 1960s, the economy is supported by two industries: tourism and the United States Armed Forces.
qas: answers: text: American Samoa, Hawaii, and the Philippines
question: Along with Guam, which other territories were in the United States jurisdiction before WWII?

answers: text: December 7, 1941
question: What was the date on the attack of Pearl Harbor?

answers: text: Guam was captured by the Japanese
question: What happened just after the attack on Peal Harbor?

answers: text: thirty months
question: How long did the Japanese occupation last?

context: The ancient-Chamorro society had four classes: chamorri (chiefs), matua (upper class), achaot (middle class), and mana'chang (lower class).:20–21 The matua were located in the coastal villages, which meant they had the best access to fishing grounds, whereas the mana'chang were located in the interior of the island. Matua and mana'chang rarely communicated with each other, and matua often used achaot as intermediaries. There were also "makåhna" (similar to shamans), skilled in healing and medicine. Belief in spirits of ancient Chamorros called "Taotao mo'na" still persists as a remnant of pre-European culture. Their society was organized along matrilineal clans.:21
qas: answers: text: chamorri (chiefs), matua (upper class), achaot (middle class), and mana'chang (lower class)
question: Which four classes made up the ancient -Chamorro society?

answers: text: coastal villages
question: Where were the matua located on the island?

answers: text: interior of the island
question: Where were the mana'chag located?

context: The first European to discover Guam was Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan, sailing for the King of Spain, when he sighted the island on March 6, 1521 during his fleet's circumnavigation of the globe.:41–42 When Magellan arrived on Guam, he was greeted by hundreds of small outrigger canoes that appeared to be flying over the water, due to their considerable speed. These outrigger canoes were called Proas, and resulted in Magellan naming Guam Islas de las Velas Latinas ("Islands of the Lateen sails"). Antonio Pigafetta, one of Magellan's original 18 the name "Island of Sails", but he also writes that the inhabitants "entered the ships and stole whatever they could lay their hands on", including "the small boat that was fastened to the poop of the flagship.":129 "Those people are poor, but ingenious and very thievish, on account of which we called those three islands Islas de los Ladrones ("Islands of thieves").":131
qas: answers: text: Portuguese
question: What was the nationality of Magellan?

answers: text: 1521
question: What year did Magellan locate the island of Guam?

answers: text: Proas
question: What were the name of outrigger canoes?

context: Despite Magellan's visit, Guam was not officially claimed by Spain until January 26, 1565 by General Miguel López de Legazpi.:46 From 1565 to 1815, Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, the only Spanish outpost in the Pacific Ocean east of the Philippines, was an important resting stop for the Manila galleons, a fleet that covered the Pacific trade route between Acapulco and Manila.:51 To protect these Pacific fleets, Spain built several defensive structures which are still standing today, such as Fort Nuestra Señora de la Soledad in Umatac. It is the biggest single segment of Micronesia, the largest islands between the island of Kyushu (Japan), New Guinea, the Philippines, and the Hawaiian Islands.
qas: answers: text: 1565
question: In what year was Guam claimed by Spain?

answers: text: General Miguel López de Legazpi
question: What was the name of the general who claimed Guam?

answers: text: built several defensive structures
question: What did Spain build to protect their fleet at Guam?

context: Spanish colonization commenced on June 15, 1668 with the arrival of Diego Luis de San Vitores and Pedro Calungsod, who established the first Catholic church.:64 The islands were part of the Spanish East Indies governed from the Philippines, which were in turn part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain based in Mexico City. Other reminders of colonial times include the old Governor's Palace in Plaza de España and the Spanish Bridge, both in Hagatña. Guam's Cathedral Dulce Nombre de Maria was formally opened on February 2, 1669, as was the Royal College of San Juan de Letran.:68 Guam, along with the rest of the Mariana and Caroline Islands, were treated as part of Spain's colony in the Philippines. While Guam's Chamorro culture has indigenous roots, the cultures of both Guam and the Northern Marianas have many similarities with Spanish and Mexican culture due to three centuries of Spanish rule.
qas: answers: text: June 15, 1668
question: When did Spanish colonization commence?

answers: text: Diego Luis de San Vitores and Pedro Calungsod
question: Which two Spaniards aided this colonization and started the first catholic church?

answers: text: February 2, 1669
question: When did Guam's Cathedral first open?

answers: text: Dulce Nombre de Maria
question: What was the name of the first Cathedral?

context: Intermittent warfare lasting from July 23, 1670 until July 1695, plus the typhoons of 1671 and 1693, and in particular the smallpox epidemic of 1688, reduced the Chamorro population from 50,000 to 10,000 to less than 5,000.:86 Precipitated by the death of Quipuha, and the murder of Father San Vitores and Pedro Calungsod by local rebel chief Matapang, tensions led to a number of conflicts. Captain Juan de Santiago started a campaign to pacify the island, which was continued by the successive commanders of the Spanish forces.:68–74
qas: answers: text: 1688
question: When did the Smallpox epidemic take place?

answers: text: July 23, 1670 until July 1695
question: In what years was there intermittent war fare?

answers: text: 50,000 to 10,000
question: What did the smallpox epidemic reduce the population down to in Chamorro?

answers: text: Juan de Santiago
question: What was the name of the person who started the campaign to pacify the area?

context: After his arrival in 1674, Captain Damian de Esplana ordered the arrest of rebels who attacked the population of certain towns. Hostilities eventually led to the destruction of villages such as Chochogo, Pepura, Tumon, Sidia-Aty, Sagua, Nagan and Ninca.:74–75 Starting in June 1676, the first Spanish Governor of Guam, Capt. Francisco de Irrisarri y Vinar controlled internal affairs more strictly than his predecessors in order to curb tensions. He also ordered the construction of schools, roads and other infrastructure.:75–76 Later, Capt. Jose de Quiroga arrived in 1680 and continued some of the development projects started by his predecessors. He also continued the search for the rebels who had assassinated Father San Vitores, resulting in campaigns against the rebels which were hiding out in some islands, eventually leading to the death of Matapang, Hurao and Aguarin.:77–78 Quiroga brought some natives from the northern islands to Guam, ordering the population to live in a few large villages.:78–79 These included Jinapsan, Umatac, Pago, Agat and Inarajan, where he built a number of churches.:79 By July 1695, Quiroga had completed the pacification process in Guam, Rota, Tinian and Aguigan.:85
qas: answers: text: 1674
question: When did Captain Damian de Esplana arrive?

answers: text: ordered the arrest of rebels
question: What did Captain Damian do after his arrival?

answers: text: Francisco de Irrisarri y Vinar
question: Who was the first Spanish Governor of Guam?

answers: text: 1680
question: In what year did Jose de Quiroga arrive?

answers: text: 1695
question: in What year did Quiroga complete his pacification?

context: The United States took control of the island in the 1898 Spanish–American War, as part of the Treaty of Paris. Guam was transferred to U.S. Navy control on 23 December 1898 by Executive Order 108-A. Guam came to serve as a station for American ships traveling to and from the Philippines, while the Northern Mariana Islands passed to Germany, and then to Japan. A U.S. Navy yard was established at Piti in 1899, and a marine barracks at Sumay in 1901.:13 Following the Philippine–American War, Emilio Aguinaldo and Apolinario Mabini were exiled on Guam in 1901.:vi
qas: answers: text: 1898
question: When did the United States take control of the island?

answers: text: Spanish–American War
question: What happened that allowed the United States to have Guam?

answers: text: 108-A
question: What is the name of the executive order that transferred Guam over to the U.S?

answers: text: Emilio Aguinaldo and Apolinario Mabini
question: Which two people were exiled to Guam after the Philippine-American war?

context: The Northern Mariana Islands had become a Japanese protectorate before the war. It was the Chamorros from the Northern Marianas who were brought to Guam to serve as interpreters and in other capacities for the occupying Japanese force. The Guamanian Chamorros were treated as an occupied enemy by the Japanese military. After the war, this would cause resentment between the Guamanian Chamorros and the Chamorros of the Northern Marianas. Guam's Chamorros believed their northern brethren should have been compassionate towards them, whereas having been occupied for over 30 years, the Northern Mariana Chamorros were loyal to Japan.
qas: answers: text: to serve as interpreters
question: Why were the Chamorros brought to Guam?

answers: text: as an occupied enemy
question: How were Guamanian Chamorro viewed by the Japanese?

answers: text: Northern Mariana Chamorros
question: Who were loyal to Japan?

context: After World War II, the Guam Organic Act of 1950 established Guam as an unincorporated organized territory of the United States, provided for the structure of the island's civilian government, and granted the people U.S. citizenship. The Governor of Guam was federally appointed until 1968, when the Guam Elective Governor Act provided for the office's popular election.:242 Since Guam is not a U.S. state, U.S. citizens residing on Guam are not allowed to vote for president and their congressional representative is a non-voting member.
qas: answers: text: Guam Organic Act of 1950
question: What established Guam as an unincorporated territory?

answers: text: After World War II
question: What conflict did the Organic Act come after?

answers: text: granted the people U.S. citizenship
question: What did the Guam Act allow the population now that they were a U.S territory?

context: Guam lies between 13.2°N and 13.7°N and between 144.6°E and 145.0°E, and has an area of 212 square miles (549 km2), making it the 32nd largest island of the United States. It is the southernmost and largest island in the Mariana island chain and is also the largest island in Micronesia. This island chain was created by the colliding Pacific and Philippine Sea tectonic plates. Guam is the closest land mass to the Mariana Trench, a deep subduction zone, that lies beside the island chain to the east. Challenger Deep, the deepest surveyed point in the Oceans, is southwest of Guam at 35,797 feet (10,911 meters) deep. The highest point in Guam is Mount Lamlam at an elevation of 1,334 feet (407 meters).
qas: answers: text: 212
question: How many square miles is Guam?

answers: text: the colliding Pacific and Philippine Sea tectonic plates
question: How was this island chain created?

answers: text: 35,797
question: How deep is the Mariana Trench located near Guam?

context: The island of Guam is 30 miles (50 km) long and 4 to 12 miles (6 to 19 km) wide, 3⁄4 the size of Singapore. The island experiences occasional earthquakes due to its location on the western edge of the Pacific Plate and near the Philippine Sea Plate. In recent years, earthquakes with epicenters near Guam have had magnitudes ranging from 5.0 to 8.7. Unlike the Anatahan volcano in the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam is not volcanically active. However, due to its proximity to Anatahan, vog (i.e. volcanic smog) does occasionally affect Guam.
qas: answers: text: 30 miles
question: How many miles is Guam across?

answers: text: earthquakes
question: What natural disaster that is not predictable does Guam have to worry about?

answers: text: volcanic smog
question: Due to Guam being so close to Anatahan, what dod they have to worry about?

context: Guam's climate is characterized as tropical marine moderated by seasonal northeast trade winds. The weather is generally very warm and humid with little seasonal temperature variation. The mean high temperature is 86 °F (30 °C) and mean low is 76 °F (24 °C) with an average annual rainfall of 96 inches (2,180 mm). The dry season runs from December to June. The remaining months (July to November) constitute the rainy season. The months of January and February are considered the coolest months of the year with overnight low temperatures of 70–75 °F (21–24 °C) and low humidity levels. The highest temperature ever recorded in Guam was 96 °F (36 °C) on April 18, 1971 and April 1, 1990, and the lowest temperature ever recorded was 65 °F (18 °C) on February 8, 1973.
qas: answers: text: tropical marine
question: What is Guam's climate characterized as?

answers: text: 86 °F (30 °C)
question: What is the mean high temperature in Guam?

answers: text: 96 inches (2,180 mm)
question: What is the average annual rainfall of Guam?

answers: text: December to June
question: When does the dry season in Guam typical run?

answers: text: January and February
question: Which months are considered the coldest in Guam?

context: Post-European-contact Chamorro culture is a combination of American, Spanish, Filipino, other Micronesian Islander and Mexican traditions, with few remaining indigenous pre-Hispanic customs. These influences are manifested in the local language, music, dance, sea navigation, cuisine, fishing, games (such as batu, chonka, estuleks, and bayogu), songs and fashion. During Spanish colonial rule (1668–1898) the majority of the population was converted to Roman Catholicism and religious festivities such as Easter and Christmas became widespread. Post-contact Chamorro cuisine is largely based on corn, and includes tortillas, tamales, atole and chilaquiles, which are a clear influence from Spanish trade between Mesoamerica and Asia. The modern Chamorro language is a Malayo-Polynesian language with much Spanish and Filipino influence. Many Chamorros also have Spanish surnames because of their conversion to Roman Catholic Christianity and the adoption of names from the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos, a phenomenon also common to the Philippines.
qas: answers: text: 1668–1898
question: hat years did the Spanish rule Guam?

answers: text: Roman Catholicism
question: What religion was the general population converted to?

answers: text: Easter and Christmas
question: Which two major holidays become popular in Guam?

answers: text: Malayo-Polynesian
question: What is the name of the modern Chamorro language?

context: Two aspects of indigenous pre-Hispanic culture that withstood time are chenchule' and inafa'maolek. Chenchule' is the intricate system of reciprocity at the heart of Chamorro society. It is rooted in the core value of inafa'maolek. Historian Lawrence Cunningham in 1992 wrote, "In a Chamorro sense, the land and its produce belong to everyone. Inafa'maolek, or interdependence, is the key, or central value, in Chamorro culture ... Inafa'maolek depends on a spirit of cooperation and sharing. This is the armature, or core, that everything in Chamorro culture revolves around. It is a powerful concern for mutuality rather than individualism and private property rights."
qas: answers: text: chenchule' and inafa'maolek
question: What two indiginous pre-hispanic culture has survived to this point?

answers: text: . Chenchule
question: What is the name of the intricate system in Guam?

answers: text: the land and its produce belong to everyone
question: What do the Chamorro believe in according to Historian Lawrence Cinningham

context: The core culture or Pengngan Chamorro is based on complex social protocol centered upon respect: From sniffing over the hands of the elders (called mangnginge in Chamorro), the passing down of legends, chants, and courtship rituals, to a person asking for permission from spiritual ancestors before entering a jungle or ancient battle grounds. Other practices predating Spanish conquest include galaide' canoe-making, making of the belembaotuyan (a string musical instrument made from a gourd), fashioning of åcho' atupat slings and slingstones, tool manufacture, Måtan Guma' burial rituals, and preparation of herbal medicines by Suruhanu.
qas: answers: text: social protocol
question: What is the culture of Pengngan Chamorro based on?

answers: text: sniffing over the hands of the elders
question: What does mangnging refer to that directly involves one major human scense?

answers: text: string musical instrument made from a gourd
question: What is a belembaotuyan in Guam?

context: The cosmopolitan and multicultural nature of modern Guam poses challenges for Chamorros struggling to preserve their culture and identity amidst forces of acculturation. The increasing numbers of Chamorros, especially Chamorro youth, relocating to the U.S. Mainland has further complicated both definition and preservation of Chamorro identity.[citation needed] While only a few masters exist to continue traditional art forms, the resurgence of interest among the Chamorros to preserve the language and culture has resulted in a growing number of young Chamorros who seek to continue the ancient ways of the Chamorro people.
qas: answers: text: cosmopolitan and multicultural nature of modern Guam
question: What posses some challenges for the Chamorros who find it hard to keep their culture?

answers: text: relocating to the U.S. Mainland
question: What else has led to the Chamorro find it hard to keep their culture that involves it's children?

answers: text: young Chamorros who seek to continue the ancient ways of the Chamorro people.
question: What has recently led to a resurgence in the Chamorros culture and preservation of their old ways?

context: Guam is governed by a popularly elected governor and a unicameral 15-member legislature, whose members are known as senators. Guam elects one non-voting delegate, currently Democrat Madeleine Z. Bordallo, to the United States House of Representatives. U.S. citizens in Guam vote in a straw poll for their choice in the U.S. Presidential general election, but since Guam has no votes in the Electoral College, the poll has no real effect. However, in sending delegates to the Republican and Democratic national conventions, Guam does have influence in the national presidential race. These delegates are elected by local party conventions.
qas: answers: text: 15
question: How many people make up the Guam legislation?

answers: text: Democrat Madeleine Z. Bordallo
question: Who is the current non-voting delegate for Guam?

answers: text: Guam has no votes
question: How many electoral votes does Guam currently have?

context: In the 1980s and early 1990s, there was a significant movement in favor of the territory becoming a commonwealth, which would give it a level of self-government similar to Puerto Rico and the Northern Mariana Islands. However, the federal government rejected the version of a commonwealth that the government of Guam proposed, due to it having clauses incompatible with the Territorial Clause (Art. IV, Sec. 3, cl. 2) of the U.S. Constitution. Other movements advocate U.S. statehood for Guam, union with the state of Hawaii, union with the Northern Mariana Islands as a single territory, or independence.
qas: answers: text: becoming a commonwealth
question: What major movement occurred in Guam in the 80's and 90's?

answers: text: would give it a level of self-government similar to Puerto Rico
question: Why would Guam becoming a commonwealth be so important?

answers: text: Hawaii
question: What is the name of this U.S state that could possibly form a union with Guam?

context: The U.S. military has proposed building a new aircraft carrier berth on Guam and moving 8,600 Marines, and 9,000 of their dependents, to Guam from Okinawa, Japan. Including the required construction workers, this buildup would increase Guam's population by 45%. In a February 2010 letter, the United States Environmental Protection Agency sharply criticized these plans because of a water shortfall, sewage problems and the impact on coral reefs. By 2012, these plans had been cut to only have a maximum of 4,800 Marines stationed on the island, two thirds of which would be there on a rotational basis without their dependents.
qas: answers: text: building a new aircraft carrier berth on Guam
question: What has the U.S military proposed?

answers: text: 8,600 Marines
question: How many Marines would the United States move to Guam?

answers: text: 4,800 Marines
question: Because of the EPA, how many Marines would the United States be able to send to Guam to live?

context: Lying in the western Pacific, Guam is a popular destination for Japanese tourists. Its tourist hub, Tumon, features over 20 large hotels, a Duty Free Shoppers Galleria, Pleasure Island district, indoor aquarium, Sandcastle Las Vegas–styled shows and other shopping and entertainment venues. It is a relatively short flight from Asia or Australia compared to Hawaii, with hotels and seven public golf courses accommodating over a million tourists per year. Although 75% of the tourists are Japanese, Guam receives a sizable number of tourists from South Korea, the U.S., the Philippines, and Taiwan. Significant sources of revenue include duty-free designer shopping outlets, and the American-style malls: Micronesia Mall, Guam Premier Outlets, the Agana Shopping Center, and the world's largest Kmart.[citation needed]
qas: answers: text: Japanese
question: What tourist commonly visits Guam?

answers: text: 20 large hotels
question: Around how many Hotels does Guam currently have?

answers: text: seven
question: How many public golf courses does Guam currently have?

answers: text: a million
question: About how many tourist visit Guam yearly?

answers: text: Kmart
question: Which major U.S store does Guam currently have that happens to be the largest in the world?

context: The Compacts of Free Association between the United States, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Palau accorded the former entities of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands a political status of "free association" with the United States. The Compacts give citizens of these island nations generally no restrictions to reside in the United States (also its territories), and many were attracted to Guam due to its proximity, environmental, and cultural familiarity. Over the years, it was claimed by some in Guam that the territory has had to bear the brunt of this agreement in the form of public assistance programs and public education for those from the regions involved, and the federal government should compensate the states and territories affected by this type of migration.[citation needed] Over the years, Congress had appropriated "Compact Impact" aids to Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and Hawaii, and eventually this appropriation was written into each renewed Compact. Some, however, continue to claim the compensation is not enough or that the distribution of actual compensation received is significantly disproportionate.[citation needed]
qas: answers: text: The Compacts of Free Association
question: What is the name of the pact held between the United States, Micronesia, Marshal Islands, and Palau?

answers: text: no restrictions to reside in the United States (also its territories)
question: What is the benefit of the  Compacts of Free Association?

answers: text: the territory has had to bear the brunt of this agreement
question: What has Guam claimed about Compacts of Free Association?

context: In 1899, the local postage stamps were overprinted "Guam" as was done for the other former Spanish colonies, but this was discontinued shortly thereafter and regular U.S. postage stamps have been used ever since. Because Guam is also part of the U.S. Postal System (postal abbreviation: GU, ZIP code range: 96910–96932), mail to Guam from the U.S. mainland is considered domestic and no additional charges are required. Private shipping companies, such as FedEx, UPS, and DHL, however, have no obligation to do so, and do not regard Guam as domestic.
qas: answers: text: 1899
question: In what year was the local postage stamp overprinted and has since been replaced?

answers: text: U.S. postage
question: What type of postal service does Guam currently have today?

answers: text: 96910–96932
question: What is the current Zip Code range in Guam?

answers: text: FedEx, UPS, and DHL
question: Which three major companies do not consider Guam as domestic when shipping is involved?

context: The speed of mail traveling between Guam and the states varies depending on size and time of year. Light, first-class items generally take less than a week to or from the mainland, but larger first-class or Priority items can take a week or two. Fourth-class mail, such as magazines, are transported by sea after reaching Hawaii. Most residents use post office boxes or private mail boxes, although residential delivery is becoming increasingly available. Incoming mail not from the Americas should be addressed to "Guam" instead of "USA" to avoid being routed the long way through the U.S. mainland and possibly charged a higher rate (especially from Asia).
qas: answers: text: on size and time of year
question: What determines the speed in which mail reaches Guam from the United States?

answers: text: first-class
question: Which type of service usually takes less than a week to get postage to the island?

answers: text: post office boxes or private mail boxes
question: What do most Guam residents use when receiving mail?

context: The Commercial Port of Guam is the island's lifeline because most products must be shipped into Guam for consumers. It receives the weekly calls of the Hawaii-based shipping line Matson, Inc. whose container ships connect Guam with Honolulu, Hawaii, Los Angeles, California, Oakland, California and Seattle, Washington. The port is also the regional transhipment hub for over 500,000 customers throughout the Micronesian region. The port is the shipping and receiving point for containers designated for the island's U.S. Department of Defense installations, Andersen Air Force Base and Commander, Naval Forces Marianas and eventually the Third Marine Expeditionary Force.
qas: answers: text: The Commercial Port
question: What is considered to be the lifeline of Guam?

answers: text: Matson, Inc
question: What is the name of the shipping company in Hawaii that connects Guam?

answers: text: most products must be shipped into Guam for consumers
question: Why is the port so important?

context: Guam is served by the Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport, which is a hub for United Airlines. The island is outside the United States customs zone so Guam is responsible for establishing and operating its own customs and quarantine agency and jurisdiction. Therefore, the U.S. Customs and Border Protection only carries immigration (but not customs) functions. Since Guam is under federal immigration jurisdiction, passengers arriving directly from the United States skip immigration and proceed directly to Guam Customs and Quarantine.
qas: answers: text: Antonio B. Won Pat
question: What is the name of the international airport in Guam?

answers: text: United Airlines
question: What major airline resides at the airport?

answers: text: operating its own customs and quarantine agency
question: What is Guam responsible for when goods both come in and leave?

context: Believed to be a stowaway on a U.S. military transport near the end of World War II, the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) was accidentally introduced to Guam, that previously had no native species of snake. It nearly eliminated the native bird population. The problem was exacerbated because the reptile has no natural predators on the island. The brown tree snake, known locally as the kulebla, is native to northern and eastern coasts of Australia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands. While slightly venomous, the snake is relatively harmless to human beings. Although some studies have suggested a high density of these serpents on Guam, residents rarely see the nocturnal creatures. The United States Department of Agriculture has trained detector dogs to keep the snakes out of the island's cargo flow. The United States Geological Survey also has dogs capable of detecting snakes in forested environments around the region's islands.
qas: answers: text: brown tree snake
question: Which animal was accidentally introduced into Guam?

answers: text: brown tree snake
question: What was accidentally introduced into Guam?

answers: text: nearly eliminated the native bird population
question: With the introduction of a non native snake in the area of Guam what impact did it have the island?

answers: text: has trained detector dogs to keep the snakes out of the island's cargo flow
question: What has the U.S Department of Agriculture done to help watch for the snakes?

context: Before the introduction of the brown tree snake, Guam was home to several endemic bird species. Among them were the Guam rail (or ko'ko' bird in Chamorro) and the Guam flycatcher, both common throughout the island. Today the flycatcher is entirely extinct while the Guam rail is extinct in the wild but bred in captivity by the Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources. The devastation caused by the snake has been significant over the past several decades. As many as twelve bird species are believed to have been driven to extinction. According to many elders, ko'ko' birds were common in Guam before World War II.
qas: answers: text: Guam rail (or ko'ko' bird in Chamorro) and the Guam flycatcher
question: What are the names of the two native birds in Guam before the brown snake intrusion?

answers: text: twelve bird species
question: How many bird species have been driven to extinction in Guam?

answers: text: ko'ko' birds
question: What other bird was very common before WWII according to the elders?

context: An infestation of the coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB), Oryctes rhinoceros, was detected on Guam on September 12, 2007. CRB is not known to occur in the United States except in American Samoa. Delimiting surveys performed September 13–25, 2007 indicated that the infestation was limited to Tumon Bay and Faifai Beach, an area of approximately 900 acres (3.6 km2). Guam Department of Agriculture (GDA) placed quarantine on all properties within the Tumon area on October 5 and later expanded the quarantine to about 2,500 acres (10 km2) on October 25; approximately 0.5 miles (800 m) radius in all directions from all known locations of CRB infestation. CRB is native to Southern Asia and distributed throughout Asia and the Western Pacific including Sri Lanka, Upolu, Samoa, American Samoa, Palau, New Britain, West Irian, New Ireland, Pak Island and Manus Island (New Guinea), Fiji, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Mauritius, and Reunion.
qas: answers: text: coconut rhinoceros beetle
question: What insect was detected in 2007?

answers: text: American Samoa
question: What other American territory has these beetles that have infested Guam?

answers: text: Southern Asia
question: Where is the Coconut Beetle native to?

context: Wildfires plague the forested areas of Guam every dry season despite the island's humid climate. Most fires are man-caused with 80% resulting from arson. Poachers often start fires to attract deer to the new growth. Invasive grass species that rely on fire as part of their natural life cycle grow in many regularly burned areas. Grasslands and "barrens" have replaced previously forested areas leading to greater soil erosion. During the rainy season sediment is carried by the heavy rains into the Fena Lake Reservoir and Ugum River, leading to water quality problems for southern Guam. Eroded silt also destroys the marine life in reefs around the island. Soil stabilization efforts by volunteers and forestry workers (planting trees) have had little success in preserving natural habitats.
qas: answers: text: Wildfires
question: What plagues the Guam dry season?

answers: text: man
question: What are the cause of the majority of the fires in the area?

answers: text: sediment is carried by the heavy rains into the Fena Lake Reservoir and Ugum River
question: What causes water quality problems in Guam?

context: Efforts have been made to protect Guam's coral reef habitats from pollution, eroded silt and overfishing, problems that have led to decreased fish populations. (Since Guam is a significant vacation spot for scuba divers, this is important.) In recent years, the Department of Agriculture, Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources has established several new marine preserves where fish populations are monitored by biologists. Before adopting U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards, portions of Tumon Bay were dredged by the hotel chains to provide a better experience for hotel guests. Tumon Bay has since been made into a preserve. A federal Guam National Wildlife Refuge in northern Guam protects the decimated sea turtle population in addition to a small colony of Mariana fruit bats.
qas: answers: text: coral reef habitats
question: What has Guam recently being trying to protect?

answers: text: pollution, eroded silt and overfishing
question: What has led to the decrease of fish near Guam?

answers: text: Mariana fruit bats
question: What is the name of the flying mammal in Guam that some are concerned for?

context: The University of Guam (UOG) and Guam Community College, both fully accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges, offer courses in higher education. UOG is a member of the exclusive group of only 76 U.S. land-grant institutions in the entire United States. Pacific Islands University is a small Christian liberal arts institution nationally accredited by the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools. They offer courses at both the undergraduate and graduate levels.
qas: answers: text: The University of Guam (UOG) and Guam Community College
question: What are the names of the two colleges in Guam?

answers: text: Western Association of Schools and Colleges
question: Who are these two schools accredited by?

answers: text: Pacific Islands University
question: What is the name of the small Christian college in Guam?

context: The Guam Department of Education serves the entire island of Guam. In 2000, 32,000 students attended Guam's public schools. Guam Public Schools have struggled with problems such as high dropout rates and poor test scores. Guam's educational system has always faced unique challenges as a small community located 6,000 miles (9,700 km) from the U.S. mainland with a very diverse student body including many students who come from backgrounds without traditional American education. An economic downturn in Guam since the mid-1990s has compounded the problems in schools.
qas: answers: text: 32,000
question: How many students as of 2000 were attending public schools in Guam?

answers: text: high dropout rates and poor test scores
question: What has plagued Guam public schools?

answers: text: The Guam Department of Education
question: What is the name of the governing body of the school in all of Guam?

context: The Government of Guam maintains the island's main health care facility, Guam Memorial Hospital, in Tamuning. U.S. board certified doctors and dentists practice in all specialties. In addition, the U.S. Naval Hospital in Agana Heights serves active-duty members and dependents of the military community. There is one subscriber-based air ambulance located on the island, CareJet, which provides emergency patient transportation across Guam and surrounding islands. A private hospital, the Guam Regional Medical City opened its doors in early 2016.
qas: answers: text: The Government of Guam
question: Who runs Guam's main health care facility?

answers: text: Guam Memorial Hospital
question: What is the name of the main health care facility in Guam?

answers: text: Guam Regional Medical City
question: Which privately owned medical facility opened in 2016?