Elizabeth_II

context: Elizabeth's many historic visits and meetings include a state visit to the Republic of Ireland and reciprocal visits to and from the Pope. She has seen major constitutional changes, such as devolution in the United Kingdom, Canadian patriation, and the decolonisation of Africa. She has also reigned through various wars and conflicts involving many of her realms. She is the world's oldest reigning monarch as well as Britain's longest-lived. In 2015, she surpassed the reign of her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, to become the longest-reigning British head of state and the longest-reigning queen regnant in world history.
qas: answers: text: Elizabeth
question: Who is the world's oldest reigning monarch?

answers: text: Queen Victoria
question: Than which queen has Elizabeth ruled longer?

answers: text: great-great-grandmother
question: How is Victoria related to Elizabeth?

answers: text: 2015
question: In what year did Elizabeth pass Victoria's length of rule?

answers: text: world history
question: In the history of what is Elizabeth the longest reigning queen?

context: During the war, plans were drawn up to quell Welsh nationalism by affiliating Elizabeth more closely with Wales. Proposals, such as appointing her Constable of Caernarfon Castle or a patron of Urdd Gobaith Cymru (the Welsh League of Youth), were abandoned for various reasons, which included a fear of associating Elizabeth with conscientious objectors in the Urdd, at a time when Britain was at war. Welsh politicians suggested that she be made Princess of Wales on her 18th birthday. Home Secretary, Herbert Morrison supported the idea, but the King rejected it because he felt such a title belonged solely to the wife of a Prince of Wales and the Prince of Wales had always been the heir apparent. In 1946, she was inducted into the Welsh Gorsedd of Bards at the National Eisteddfod of Wales.
qas: answers: text: Elizabeth
question: Who did England propose to affiliate with Wales to quell Welsh nationalism?

answers: text: Britain was at war
question: Why did Britain not want Elizabeth to associate with conscientious objectors?

answers: text: Welsh Gorsedd of Bards
question: What did Elizabeth join in 1946?

answers: text: heir apparent
question: Who was the always the Prince of Wales?

answers: text: Herbert Morrison
question: Who wanted to name Elizabeth Princess of Wales?

context: Elizabeth and Philip were married on 20 November 1947 at Westminster Abbey. They received 2500 wedding gifts from around the world. Because Britain had not yet completely recovered from the devastation of the war, Elizabeth required ration coupons to buy the material for her gown, which was designed by Norman Hartnell. In post-war Britain, it was not acceptable for the Duke of Edinburgh's German relations, including his three surviving sisters, to be invited to the wedding. The Duke of Windsor, formerly King Edward VIII, was not invited either.
qas: answers: text: 20 November 1947
question: When were Elizabeth and Philip married?

answers: text: Westminster Abbey
question: At what famous cathedral was Elizabeth married?

answers: text: 2500
question: How many wedding gifts did Elizabeth and Philip receive?

answers: text: Norman Hartnell
question: Who designed Elizabeth's wedding gown?

answers: text: Duke of Windsor
question: What former King was not invited to the wedding?

context: Amid preparations for the coronation, Princess Margaret informed her sister that she wished to marry Peter Townsend, a divorcé‚ 16 years Margaret's senior, with two sons from his previous marriage. The Queen asked them to wait for a year; in the words of Martin Charteris, "the Queen was naturally sympathetic towards the Princess, but I think she thought—she hoped—given time, the affair would peter out." Senior politicians were against the match and the Church of England did not permit remarriage after divorce. If Margaret had contracted a civil marriage, she would have been expected to renounce her right of succession. Eventually, she decided to abandon her plans with Townsend. In 1960, she married Antony Armstrong-Jones, who was created Earl of Snowdon the following year. They divorced in 1978; she did not remarry.
qas: answers: text: Peter Townsend
question: Who did Princess Margaret want to marry?

answers: text: wait for a year
question: What did Queen Elizabeth ask Margaret to do instead of marring Townsend?

answers: text: remarriage after divorce
question: What act would the Church of England not permit?

answers: text: Antony Armstrong-Jones
question: Who did Princess Margaret marry in 1960?

answers: text: Earl of Snowdon
question: What title was Armstrong-Jones given?

context: The Suez crisis and the choice of Eden's successor led in 1957 to the first major personal criticism of the Queen. In a magazine, which he owned and edited, Lord Altrincham accused her of being "out of touch". Altrincham was denounced by public figures and slapped by a member of the public appalled by his comments. Six years later, in 1963, Macmillan resigned and advised the Queen to appoint the Earl of Home as prime minister, advice that she followed. The Queen again came under criticism for appointing the prime minister on the advice of a small number of ministers or a single minister. In 1965, the Conservatives adopted a formal mechanism for electing a leader, thus relieving her of involvement.
qas: answers: text: Suez crisis
question: Aside from her choice of Eden's successor, what crisis caused Elizabeth to be criticized?

answers: text: out of touch
question: What did Lord Altrincham accuse Elizabeth of being?

answers: text: 1963
question: When did Macmillan resign?

answers: text: Earl of Home
question: Who did Elizabeth appoint as Prime Minister after the resignation of Macmillan?

answers: text: 1965
question: When was a formal mechanism for electing the Minister adopted?

context: A year later, at the height of the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis, the Australian Prime Minister, Gough Whitlam, was dismissed from his post by Governor-General Sir John Kerr, after the Opposition-controlled Senate rejected Whitlam's budget proposals. As Whitlam had a majority in the House of Representatives, Speaker Gordon Scholes appealed to the Queen to reverse Kerr's decision. She declined, stating that she would not interfere in decisions reserved by the Constitution of Australia for the governor-general. The crisis fuelled Australian republicanism.
qas: answers: text: Gough Whitlam
question: During the Australian constitutional crisis, what Prime Minister was dismissed?

answers: text: Governor-General Sir John Kerr
question: Who dismissed Whilam from the post of Australian Prime Minister?

answers: text: Speaker Gordon Scholes
question: Who appealed to Elizabeth to reverse the dismissal of Whitlam?

answers: text: a majority
question: What did Whitlam have in the House of Representatives?

answers: text: interfere
question: What did Elizabeth decline to do in response to the appeal by Scholes?

context: In 1987, in Canada, Elizabeth publicly supported politically divisive constitutional amendments, prompting criticism from opponents of the proposed changes, including Pierre Trudeau. The same year, the elected Fijian government was deposed in a military coup. Elizabeth, as monarch of Fiji, supported the attempts of the Governor-General, Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau, to assert executive power and negotiate a settlement. Coup leader Sitiveni Rabuka deposed Ganilau and declared Fiji a republic. By the start of 1991, republican feeling in Britain had risen because of press estimates of the Queen's private wealth—which were contradicted by the Palace—and reports of affairs and strained marriages among her extended family. The involvement of the younger royals in the charity game show It's a Royal Knockout was ridiculed and the Queen was the target of satire.
qas: answers: text: 1987
question: When did Elizabeth support constitutional amendments in Canada?

answers: text: Pierre Trudeau
question: What politician criticized the proposed changes?

answers: text: Fijian government
question: In 1987 what elected government was removed in a coup?

answers: text: republic
question: What did coup leader Sitiveni Rabuka declare Fiji to be?

answers: text: private wealth
question: In 1991 what money issue of the Queen was a feature of public criticism?

context: In 2002, Elizabeth marked her Golden Jubilee. Her sister and mother died in February and March respectively, and the media speculated whether the Jubilee would be a success or a failure. She again undertook an extensive tour of her realms, which began in Jamaica in February, where she called the farewell banquet "memorable" after a power cut plunged the King's House, the official residence of the governor-general, into darkness. As in 1977, there were street parties and commemorative events, and monuments were named to honour the occasion. A million people attended each day of the three-day main Jubilee celebration in London, and the enthusiasm shown by the public for the Queen was greater than many journalists had expected.
qas: answers: text: Golden Jubilee
question: What did Elizabeth celebrate in 2002?

answers: text: March
question: When did Elizabeth's mother die in 2002?

answers: text: Her sister
question: What relative of Elizabeth died in February of 2002?

answers: text: million
question: How many people in London attended each day of the the three day event? 

answers: text: journalists
question: What group was surprised by the public's approval of the Queen?

context: The Queen, who opened the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, also opened the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics in London, making her the first head of state to open two Olympic Games in two different countries. For the London Olympics, she played herself in a short film as part of the opening ceremony, alongside Daniel Craig as James Bond. On 4 April 2013, she received an honorary BAFTA for her patronage of the film industry and was called "the most memorable Bond girl yet" at the award ceremony.
qas: answers: text: 1976
question: When did Elizabeth open the Summer Olympics in Montreal?

answers: text: 2012
question: When did Queen Elizabeth open the Summer Olympics in London?

answers: text: London Olympics
question: For what event did Elizabeth appear in a film as part of the opening ceremonies?

answers: text: Daniel Craig
question: What actor also appeared with Elizabeth in the film?

answers: text: patronage
question: For what activity related to the film industry did Elizabeth receive a BAFTA award?

context: Elizabeth's personal fortune has been the subject of speculation for many years. Jock Colville, who was her former private secretary and a director of her bank, Coutts, estimated her wealth in 1971 at £2 million (equivalent to about £25 million today). In 1993, Buckingham Palace called estimates of £100 million "grossly overstated". She inherited an estimated £70 million estate from her mother in 2002. The Sunday Times Rich List 2015 estimated her private wealth at £340 million, making her the 302nd richest person in the UK.
qas: answers: text: personal fortune
question: What has been a subject of speculation concerning Elizabeth's wealth?

answers: text: £2 million
question: What was Elizabeth's wealth extimated to be in 1971?

answers: text: "grossly overstated"
question: What did the palace call estimates of Elizabeth wealth in 1993?

answers: text: £340 million
question: What did the Sunday Times estimate Elizabeth's fortune to be in 2015?

answers: text: 302nd
question: Where does Elizabeth's wealth place her in the list of the richest in the UK?

context: Times of personal significance have included the births and marriages of her children, grandchildren and great grandchildren, her coronation in 1953, and the celebration of milestones such as her Silver, Golden and Diamond Jubilees in 1977, 2002, and 2012, respectively. Moments of sadness for her include the death of her father, aged 56; the assassination of Prince Philip's uncle, Lord Mountbatten; the breakdown of her children's marriages in 1992 (her annus horribilis); the death in 1997 of her son's former wife, Diana, Princess of Wales; and the deaths of her mother and sister in 2002. Elizabeth has occasionally faced republican sentiments and severe press criticism of the royal family, but support for the monarchy and her personal popularity remain high.
qas: answers: text: 1953
question: When was Elizabeth's coronation?

answers: text: 2012
question: When was Elizabeth's Diamond Jubilee?

answers: text: 56
question: How old was Elizabeth's father at the time of his death?

answers: text: assassination
question: How did Prince Philip's uncle, Lord Mounbatten, die?

answers: text: 1997
question: In what year did Elizabeth's  son's ex-wife die?

context: Despite the death of Queen Mary on 24 March, the coronation on 2 June 1953 went ahead as planned, as Mary had asked before she died. The ceremony in Westminster Abbey, with the exception of the anointing and communion, was televised for the first time.[d] Elizabeth's coronation gown was embroidered on her instructions with the floral emblems of Commonwealth countries: English Tudor rose; Scots thistle; Welsh leek; Irish shamrock; Australian wattle; Canadian maple leaf; New Zealand silver fern; South African protea; lotus flowers for India and Ceylon; and Pakistan's wheat, cotton, and jute.
qas: answers: text: 2 June 1953
question: When was the coronation of Elizabeth as Queen?

answers: text: televised
question: How was much of the ceremony of Elizabeth's coronation presented to the public?

answers: text: floral emblems
question: What Commonwealth symbols were embroidered on Elizabeth's gown?

answers: text: Tudor rose
question: What is the emblem of England?

answers: text: Scots
question: What people have a thistle for their Commonwealth emblem?

context: In 1957, she made a state visit to the United States, where she addressed the United Nations General Assembly on behalf of the Commonwealth. On the same tour, she opened the 23rd Canadian Parliament, becoming the first monarch of Canada to open a parliamentary session. Two years later, solely in her capacity as Queen of Canada, she revisited the United States and toured Canada. In 1961, she toured Cyprus, India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Iran. On a visit to Ghana the same year, she dismissed fears for her safety, even though her host, President Kwame Nkrumah, who had replaced her as head of state, was a target for assassins. Harold Macmillan wrote, "The Queen has been absolutely determined all through ... She is impatient of the attitude towards her to treat her as ... a film star ... She has indeed 'the heart and stomach of a man' ... She loves her duty and means to be a Queen." Before her tour through parts of Quebec in 1964, the press reported that extremists within the Quebec separatist movement were plotting Elizabeth's assassination. No attempt was made, but a riot did break out while she was in Montreal; the Queen's "calmness and courage in the face of the violence" was noted.
qas: answers: text: 1957
question: When did Elizabeth address the UN General Assembly?

answers: text: 23rd Canadian Parliament
question: What parliamentary session did Elizabeth open in 1957 while on tour? 

answers: text: her safety
question: On a tour to Ghana in 1961 what did Elizabeth dismiss as a fear?

answers: text: Elizabeth's assassination
question: In 1964 what was reported that Quebec extremists planned ?

context: In 1977, Elizabeth marked the Silver Jubilee of her accession. Parties and events took place throughout the Commonwealth, many coinciding with her associated national and Commonwealth tours. The celebrations re-affirmed the Queen's popularity, despite virtually coincident negative press coverage of Princess Margaret's separation from her husband. In 1978, the Queen endured a state visit to the United Kingdom by Romania's communist dictator, Nicolae Ceaușescu, and his wife, Elena, though privately she thought they had "blood on their hands". The following year brought two blows: one was the unmasking of Anthony Blunt, former Surveyor of the Queen's Pictures, as a communist spy; the other was the assassination of her relative and in-law Lord Mountbatten by the Provisional Irish Republican Army.
qas: answers: text: Silver
question: What Jubilee did Elizabeth celebrate in 1977?

answers: text: 1977
question: When did Princess Margaret separate from her husband?

answers: text: 1978
question: In what year did Nicolae Ceausescu visit the UK?

answers: text: Anthony Blunt
question: Who, in 1979, was discovered to be a communist spy?

answers: text: Provisional Irish Republican Army
question: What group assassinated Lord Mountbatten?

context: In the 1950s, as a young woman at the start of her reign, Elizabeth was depicted as a glamorous "fairytale Queen". After the trauma of the Second World War, it was a time of hope, a period of progress and achievement heralding a "new Elizabethan age". Lord Altrincham's accusation in 1957 that her speeches sounded like those of a "priggish schoolgirl" was an extremely rare criticism. In the late 1960s, attempts to portray a more modern image of the monarchy were made in the television documentary Royal Family and by televising Prince Charles's investiture as Prince of Wales. In public, she took to wearing mostly solid-colour overcoats and decorative hats, which allow her to be seen easily in a crowd.
qas: answers: text: "fairytale Queen"
question: As what was Elizabeth portrayed in the 1950s?

answers: text: "priggish schoolgirl"
question: Of what did Lord Altrincham say Elizabeth's speeches resembled?

answers: text: Prince of Wales
question: What investiture featuring Prince Charles was televised in the late 1960s?

answers: text: solid-colour overcoats
question: In the 1960s, what did Elizabeth begin wearing to events ?

answers: text: "new Elizabethan age"
question: What was the time after WWII heralded as?

context: The Royal Collection, which includes thousands of historic works of art and the Crown Jewels, is not owned by the Queen personally but is held in trust, as are her official residences, such as Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle, and the Duchy of Lancaster, a property portfolio valued in 2014 at £442 million. Sandringham House and Balmoral Castle are privately owned by the Queen. The British Crown Estate – with holdings of £9.4 billion in 2014 – is held in trust by the sovereign and cannot be sold or owned by Elizabeth in a private capacity.
qas: answers: text: Crown Jewels
question: What famous jewelry collection is held in trust by Elizabeth?

answers: text: official residences
question: What residences of Elizabeth are held in trust and not owned by Elizabeth?

answers: text: Balmoral Castle
question: What Scottish estate is privately owned by Elizabeth?

answers: text: £9.4 billion
question: How much is the worth of the British Crown Estate?

answers: text: in trust
question: How is the British Crown Estate held by Elizabeth?

context: Elizabeth's only sibling, Princess Margaret, was born in 1930. The two princesses were educated at home under the supervision of their mother and their governess, Marion Crawford, who was casually known as "Crawfie". Lessons concentrated on history, language, literature and music. Crawford published a biography of Elizabeth and Margaret's childhood years entitled The Little Princesses in 1950, much to the dismay of the royal family. The book describes Elizabeth's love of horses and dogs, her orderliness, and her attitude of responsibility. Others echoed such observations: Winston Churchill described Elizabeth when she was two as "a character. She has an air of authority and reflectiveness astonishing in an infant." Her cousin Margaret Rhodes described her as "a jolly little girl, but fundamentally sensible and well-behaved".
qas: answers: text: Princess Margaret
question: Who was Elizabeth only sibling?P

answers: text: 1930
question: When was Princess Margaret born?

answers: text: governess
question: Who was Marion Crawford to the princesses?

answers: text: The Little Princesses
question: What was the title of the book written by Crawford about the princesses?

answers: text: at home
question: Where were the royal princesses educated?

context: In 1943, at the age of 16, Elizabeth undertook her first solo public appearance on a visit to the Grenadier Guards, of which she had been appointed colonel the previous year. As she approached her 18th birthday, parliament changed the law so that she could act as one of five Counsellors of State in the event of her father's incapacity or absence abroad, such as his visit to Italy in July 1944. In February 1945, she joined the Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service as an honorary second subaltern with the service number of 230873. She trained as a driver and mechanic and was promoted to honorary junior commander five months later.
qas: answers: text: 16
question: At what age was Elizabeth when she went on her first solo public appearance?

answers: text: Grenadier Guards
question: Where did Elizabeth visit on her first solo public appearance?

answers: text: Counsellors of State
question: In case of her father's absence, in what capacity could Elizabeth act? 

answers: text: February 1945
question: When did Elizabeth join the Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service?

answers: text: driver and mechanic
question: In what capacity did Elizabeth serve in the Auxiliary?

context: The engagement was not without controversy: Philip had no financial standing, was foreign-born (though a British subject who had served in the Royal Navy throughout the Second World War), and had sisters who had married German noblemen with Nazi links. Marion Crawford wrote, "Some of the King's advisors did not think him good enough for her. He was a prince without a home or kingdom. Some of the papers played long and loud tunes on the string of Philip's foreign origin." Elizabeth's mother was reported, in later biographies, to have opposed the union initially, even dubbing Philip "The Hun". In later life, however, she told biographer Tim Heald that Philip was "an English gentleman".
qas: answers: text: Royal Navy
question: Where did Philip serve during WWII?

answers: text: good enough
question: What did Crawford report that some of the King's advisers thought of Philip?

answers: text: German noblemen
question: To whom did Philip's sisters marry?

answers: text: "The Hun"
question: What did Elizabeth's mother call Philip?

answers: text: "an English gentleman"
question: What did Elizabeth's mother later say that Philip was?

context: During 1951, George VI's health declined and Elizabeth frequently stood in for him at public events. When she toured Canada and visited President Harry S. Truman in Washington, D.C., in October 1951, her private secretary, Martin Charteris, carried a draft accession declaration in case the King died while she was on tour. In early 1952, Elizabeth and Philip set out for a tour of Australia and New Zealand by way of Kenya. On 6 February 1952, they had just returned to their Kenyan home, Sagana Lodge, after a night spent at Treetops Hotel, when word arrived of the death of the King and consequently Elizabeth's immediate accession to the throne. Philip broke the news to the new Queen. Martin Charteris asked her to choose a regnal name; she chose to remain Elizabeth, "of course". She was proclaimed queen throughout her realms and the royal party hastily returned to the United Kingdom. She and the Duke of Edinburgh moved into Buckingham Palace.
qas: answers: text: health declined
question: What was the state of George VI's health during 1951?

answers: text: 6 February 1952
question: On what date did Elizabeth's father, King George VI, die?

answers: text: Kenya
question: In what country was Elizabeth when George VI died?

context: In 1956, the British and French prime ministers, Sir Anthony Eden and Guy Mollet, discussed the possibility of France joining the Commonwealth. The proposal was never accepted and the following year France signed the Treaty of Rome, which established the European Economic Community, the precursor to the European Union. In November 1956, Britain and France invaded Egypt in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to capture the Suez Canal. Lord Mountbatten claimed the Queen was opposed to the invasion, though Eden denied it. Eden resigned two months later.
qas: answers: text: 1956
question: When did the prime ministers of Britain and France discuss the idea of France joining the Commonwealth?

answers: text: Treaty of Rome
question: What did France sign instead of joining the Commonwealth?

answers: text: European Union
question: To what was the European Economic Community the precurser?

answers: text: November 1956
question: When did Britain and France invade Egypt?

answers: text: European Economic Community
question: What did the Treaty of Rome establish?

context: The 1960s and 1970s saw an acceleration in the decolonisation of Africa and the Caribbean. Over 20 countries gained independence from Britain as part of a planned transition to self-government. In 1965, however, the Rhodesian Prime Minister, Ian Smith, in opposition to moves toward majority rule, declared unilateral independence from Britain while still expressing "loyalty and devotion" to Elizabeth. Although the Queen dismissed him in a formal declaration, and the international community applied sanctions against Rhodesia, his regime survived for over a decade. As Britain's ties to its former empire weakened, the British government sought entry to the European Community, a goal it achieved in 1973.
qas: answers: text: 1960s and 1970s
question: When did the decolonization of Africa and the Caribbean accelerate?

answers: text: Over 20 countries
question: How many countries got independence from Britain during decolonization?

answers: text: 1973
question: When did Britain join the European Community?

answers: text: independence from Britain
question: What did the Rhodesian president declare in 1965?

answers: text: over a decade
question: In spite of sanctions by the international community, how long did the Ian Smith's regime last?

context: During the 1981 Trooping the Colour ceremony and only six weeks before the wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer, six shots were fired at the Queen from close range as she rode down The Mall on her horse, Burmese. Police later discovered that the shots were blanks. The 17-year-old assailant, Marcus Sarjeant, was sentenced to five years in prison and released after three. The Queen's composure and skill in controlling her mount were widely praised. From April to September 1982, the Queen remained anxious but proud of her son, Prince Andrew, who was serving with British forces during the Falklands War. On 9 July, the Queen awoke in her bedroom at Buckingham Palace to find an intruder, Michael Fagan, in the room with her. Remaining calm and through two calls to the Palace police switchboard, she spoke to Fagan while he sat at the foot of her bed until assistance arrived seven minutes later. Though she hosted US President Ronald Reagan at Windsor Castle in 1982 and visited his Californian ranch in 1983, she was angered when his administration ordered the invasion of Grenada, one of her Caribbean realms, without informing her.
qas: answers: text: Trooping the Colour
question: During what ceremony were shots fired at the Queen?

answers: text: Marcus Sarjeant
question: Who was the assailant who shot at Queen Elizabeth? 

answers: text: Prince Andrew
question: Which of Elizabeth's sons served in the Falklands War?

answers: text: Michael Fagan
question: Who was the intruder Elizabeth awoke to find in her bedroom?

answers: text: Grenada
question: What island's invasion angered Elizabeth?

context: In the years to follow, public revelations on the state of Charles and Diana's marriage continued. Even though support for republicanism in Britain seemed higher than at any time in living memory, republicanism was still a minority viewpoint, and the Queen herself had high approval ratings. Criticism was focused on the institution of the monarchy itself and the Queen's wider family rather than her own behaviour and actions. In consultation with her husband and the Prime Minister, John Major, as well as the Archbishop of Canterbury, George Carey, and her private secretary, Robert Fellowes, she wrote to Charles and Diana at the end of December 1995, saying that a divorce was desirable.
qas: answers: text: republicanism
question: What political feeling is still a minority view in Britain?

answers: text: Charles and Diana's marriage
question: What state of affairs produced revelations and problems for Elizabeth?

answers: text: high
question: In spite of criticisms what kind of approval ratings did Elizabeth have?

answers: text: monarchy
question: What institution was being criticized during the time of Charles and Diana's breakup?

answers: text: December 1995
question: When did Elizabeth write to tell Charles and Diana to get a divorce?

context: The Queen addressed the United Nations for a second time in 2010, again in her capacity as Queen of all Commonwealth realms and Head of the Commonwealth. The UN Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon, introduced her as "an anchor for our age". During her visit to New York, which followed a tour of Canada, she officially opened a memorial garden for the British victims of the September 11 attacks. The Queen's visit to Australia in October 2011 – her sixteenth visit since 1954 – was called her "farewell tour" in the press because of her age.
qas: answers: text: 2010
question: When was the second address to the UN by Elizabeth?

answers: text: Ban Ki-moon
question: Who was UN Secretary General when Elizabeth addressed the UN?

answers: text: "an anchor for our age"
question: As what did Ban Ki-Moon introduce Elizabeth to the UN?

answers: text: British victims
question: For whom was the garden Elizabeth opened a memorial?

answers: text: October 2011
question: When was Elizabeth's farewell visit to Australia?

context: From 21 April 1944 until her accession, Elizabeth's arms consisted of a lozenge bearing the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom differenced with a label of three points argent, the centre point bearing a Tudor rose and the first and third a cross of St George. Upon her accession, she inherited the various arms her father held as sovereign. The Queen also possesses royal standards and personal flags for use in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, and elsewhere.
qas: answers: text: Tudor rose
question: Until she became queen, what flower was on Elizabeth's coat of arms?

answers: text: Upon her accession
question: When did Elizabeth acquire her father's arms?

answers: text: royal standards
question: Besides personal flags,what other types of flags does Elizabeth have?

answers: text: personal
question: What type of flags are used in foreign countries?

answers: text: 21 April 1944
question: When did Elizabeth start to bear a coat of royal arms?

context: Elizabeth was born in London to the Duke and Duchess of York, later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, and was the elder of their two daughters. She was educated privately at home. Her father acceded to the throne on the abdication of his brother Edward VIII in 1936, from which time she was the heir presumptive. She began to undertake public duties during World War II, serving in the Auxiliary Territorial Service. In 1947, she married Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, with whom she has four children: Charles, Anne, Andrew, and Edward.
qas: answers: text: London
question: In what city was Elizabeth born?

answers: text: Duke and Duchess of York
question: At the time of her birth, what was the rank of Elizabeth's parents?

answers: text: King George VI and Queen Elizabeth
question: What were Elizabeth's parents' titles after ascending to the throne?

answers: text: two daughters
question: How many children did Elizabeth's parents have?

answers: text: abdication of his brother
question: What event caused Elizabeth's father to become King?

context: During her grandfather's reign, Elizabeth was third in the line of succession to the throne, behind her uncle Edward, Prince of Wales, and her father, the Duke of York. Although her birth generated public interest, she was not expected to become queen, as the Prince of Wales was still young, and many assumed that he would marry and have children of his own. When her grandfather died in 1936 and her uncle succeeded as Edward VIII, she became second-in-line to the throne, after her father. Later that year Edward abdicated, after his proposed marriage to divorced socialite Wallis Simpson provoked a constitutional crisis. Consequently, Elizabeth's father became king, and she became heir presumptive. If her parents had had a later son, she would have lost her position as first-in-line, as her brother would have been heir apparent and above her in the line of succession.
qas: answers: text: third
question: When she was born, where in the order of succession was Elizabeth?

answers: text: Edward, Prince of Wales
question: Before Elizabeth's father who was next in line for the throne?

answers: text: 1936
question: When did Elizabeth's grandfather die?

answers: text: proposed marriage
question: What event caused Edward to abdicate the throne?

answers: text: constitutional crisis
question: What did Edward's proposed marriage to Simpson cause?

context: With Elizabeth's accession, it seemed probable that the royal house would bear her husband's name, becoming the House of Mountbatten, in line with the custom of a wife taking her husband's surname on marriage. The British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, and Elizabeth's grandmother, Queen Mary, favoured the retention of the House of Windsor, and so on 9 April 1952 Elizabeth issued a declaration that Windsor would continue to be the name of the royal house. The Duke complained, "I am the only man in the country not allowed to give his name to his own children." In 1960, after the death of Queen Mary in 1953 and the resignation of Churchill in 1955, the surname Mountbatten-Windsor was adopted for Philip and Elizabeth's male-line descendants who do not carry royal titles.
qas: answers: text: Mountbatten,
question: What name was it assumed Elizabeth would take upon her marriage to Philip?

answers: text: Winston Churchill
question: What Prime Minister objected to the name change?

answers: text: House of Windsor
question: What name did Elizabeth keep as her married name?

answers: text: Mountbatten-Windsor
question: What name was adopted for Elizabeth's male-line descendants who do not have royal titles? 

answers: text: 1960
question: When did Elizabeth decree the use of Mountbatten-Windsor as the  surname? 

context: The absence of a formal mechanism within the Conservative Party for choosing a leader meant that, following Eden's resignation, it fell to the Queen to decide whom to commission to form a government. Eden recommended that she consult Lord Salisbury, the Lord President of the Council. Lord Salisbury and Lord Kilmuir, the Lord Chancellor, consulted the British Cabinet, Winston Churchill, and the Chairman of the backbench 1922 Committee, resulting in the Queen appointing their recommended candidate: Harold Macmillan.
qas: answers: text: Lord Salisbury
question: Who did Eden recommend that Elizabeth consult about appointing a new  Prime Minister?

answers: text: Lord President of the Council
question: What position did Lord Salisbury have in the government?

answers: text: Harold Macmillan
question: Who did Elizabeth appoint as Prime Minister?

answers: text: Lord Chancellor
question: What position did Lord Kilmuir have ?

answers: text: British Cabinet
question: Who in turn did Salisbury and Kilmuir consult?

context: In February 1974, the British Prime Minister, Edward Heath, advised the Queen to call a general election in the middle of her tour of the Austronesian Pacific Rim, requiring her to fly back to Britain. The election resulted in a hung parliament; Heath's Conservatives were not the largest party, but could stay in office if they formed a coalition with the Liberals. Heath only resigned when discussions on forming a coalition foundered, after which the Queen asked the Leader of the Opposition, Labour's Harold Wilson, to form a government.
qas: answers: text: February 1974
question: When did Edward Heath ask Elizabeth to call a general election?

answers: text: Austronesian Pacific Rim
question: Where was Elizabeth when Heath advised that sh call for an election?

answers: text: fly back to Britain
question: What did Elizabeth do after Heath adviser her?

answers: text: resigned
question: What did Heath do after his party could not form a coalition with the Labor party?

answers: text: Harold Wilson
question: Who did Elizabeth ask to form a government?

context: Intense media interest in the opinions and private lives of the royal family during the 1980s led to a series of sensational stories in the press, not all of which were entirely true. As Kelvin MacKenzie, editor of The Sun, told his staff: "Give me a Sunday for Monday splash on the Royals. Don't worry if it's not true—so long as there's not too much of a fuss about it afterwards." Newspaper editor Donald Trelford wrote in The Observer of 21 September 1986: "The royal soap opera has now reached such a pitch of public interest that the boundary between fact and fiction has been lost sight of ... it is not just that some papers don't check their facts or accept denials: they don't care if the stories are true or not." It was reported, most notably in The Sunday Times of 20 July 1986, that the Queen was worried that Margaret Thatcher's economic policies fostered social divisions and was alarmed by high unemployment, a series of riots, the violence of a miners' strike, and Thatcher's refusal to apply sanctions against the apartheid regime in South Africa. The sources of the rumours included royal aide Michael Shea and Commonwealth Secretary-General Shridath Ramphal, but Shea claimed his remarks were taken out of context and embellished by speculation. Thatcher reputedly said the Queen would vote for the Social Democratic Party—Thatcher's political opponents. Thatcher's biographer John Campbell claimed "the report was a piece of journalistic mischief-making". Belying reports of acrimony between them, Thatcher later conveyed her personal admiration for the Queen, and the Queen gave two honours in her personal gift—membership in the Order of Merit and the Order of the Garter—to Thatcher after her replacement as prime minister by John Major. Former Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney said Elizabeth was a "behind the scenes force" in ending apartheid.
qas: answers: text: sensational stories
question: What did high public interest in the  private lives of the royal family cause in the press?

answers: text: Kelvin MacKenzie
question: Who was editor of The Sun in the 1980s?

answers: text: royal soap opera
question: What did the editor of The Observer call the sensational stories about the royals?

answers: text: Thatcher's political opponents
question: Who, it was rumored,  did Margaret Thatcher say the Queen would vote for?

answers: text: Brian Mulroney
question: Who said the Elizabeth was a behind the scenes force in ending apartheid?

context: In 1997, a year after the divorce, Diana was killed in a car crash in Paris. The Queen was on holiday with her extended family at Balmoral. Diana's two sons by Charles—Princes William and Harry—wanted to attend church and so the Queen and Prince Philip took them that morning. After that single public appearance, for five days the Queen and the Duke shielded their grandsons from the intense press interest by keeping them at Balmoral where they could grieve in private, but the royal family's seclusion and the failure to fly a flag at half-mast over Buckingham Palace caused public dismay. Pressured by the hostile reaction, the Queen agreed to return to London and do a live television broadcast on 5 September, the day before Diana's funeral. In the broadcast, she expressed admiration for Diana and her feelings "as a grandmother" for the two princes. As a result, much of the public hostility evaporated.
qas: answers: text: car crash
question: What incident killed Diana in Paris?

answers: text: 1997
question: When did Diana die?

answers: text: five days
question: How long did Elizabeth and the royal family remain in seclusion at Balmoral?

answers: text: fly a flag at half-mast
question: What failure did the public find dismaying?

answers: text: live television broadcast
question: What did Elizabeth do to diffuse hostile public sentiment?

context: Her Diamond Jubilee in 2012 marked 60 years on the throne, and celebrations were held throughout her realms, the wider Commonwealth, and beyond. In a message released on Accession Day, she stated: "In this special year, as I dedicate myself anew to your service, I hope we will all be reminded of the power of togetherness and the convening strength of family, friendship and good neighbourliness ... I hope also that this Jubilee year will be a time to give thanks for the great advances that have been made since 1952 and to look forward to the future with clear head and warm heart". She and her husband undertook an extensive tour of the United Kingdom, while her children and grandchildren embarked on royal tours of other Commonwealth states on her behalf. On 4 June, Jubilee beacons were lit around the world. On 18 December, she became the first British sovereign to attend a peacetime Cabinet meeting since George III in 1781.
qas: answers: text: 60 years
question: How many years has Elizabeth been Queen?

answers: text: Diamond Jubilee
question: What celebration marks 60 years for Elizabeth as Queen?

answers: text: 2012
question: What year marks Elizabeth's Diamond Jubilee?

answers: text: United Kingdom
question: Where did Elizabeth tour as a celebration of her jubilee?

answers: text: 1781
question: When was the last time that a sovereign attended a peacetime cabinet meeting? 

context: Since Elizabeth rarely gives interviews, little is known of her personal feelings. As a constitutional monarch, she has not expressed her own political opinions in a public forum. She does have a deep sense of religious and civic duty, and takes her coronation oath seriously. Aside from her official religious role as Supreme Governor of the established Church of England, she is personally a member of that church and the national Church of Scotland. She has demonstrated support for inter-faith relations and has met with leaders of other churches and religions, including five popes: Pius XII, John XXIII, John Paul II, Benedict XVI and Francis. A personal note about her faith often features in her annual Christmas message broadcast to the Commonwealth. In 2000, she spoke about the theological significance of the millennium marking the 2000th anniversary of the birth of Jesus:
qas: answers: text: constitutional monarch
question: What governmental style of monarch is Elizabeth?

answers: text: rarely
question: How often does Elizabeth give interviews?

answers: text: inter-faith relations
question: What type of political religious beliefs does Elizabeth seemed to support?

answers: text: Supreme Governor
question: What is Elizabeth's ranking in the Church of England?

answers: text: Church of Scotland
question: Apart from her membership in the Church of England, to what other church does she belong?

context: Elizabeth was born at 02:40 (GMT) on 21 April 1926, during the reign of her paternal grandfather, King George V. Her father, Prince Albert, Duke of York (later King George VI), was the second son of the King. Her mother, Elizabeth, Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth), was the youngest daughter of Scottish aristocrat Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. She was delivered by Caesarean section at her maternal grandfather's London house: 17 Bruton Street, Mayfair. She was baptised by the Anglican Archbishop of York, Cosmo Gordon Lang, in the private chapel of Buckingham Palace on 29 May,[c] and named Elizabeth after her mother, Alexandra after George V's mother, who had died six months earlier, and Mary after her paternal grandmother. Called "Lilibet" by her close family, based on what she called herself at first, she was cherished by her grandfather George V, and during his serious illness in 1929 her regular visits were credited in the popular press and by later biographers with raising his spirits and aiding his recovery.
qas: answers: text: King George V
question: During whose reign was Elizabeth born?

answers: text: Prince Albert, Duke of York
question: What was Elizabeth's fathers title at the time of her birth?

answers: text: King George VI
question: What title and name did Elizabeth's father take upon becoming king?

answers: text: Cosmo Gordon Lang
question: Which Bishop of York baptized Elizabeth? 

answers: text: Lilibet
question: What was Elizabeth's nickname when she was young?

context: In September 1939, Britain entered the Second World War, which lasted until 1945. During the war, many of London's children were evacuated to avoid the frequent aerial bombing. The suggestion by senior politician Lord Hailsham that the two princesses should be evacuated to Canada was rejected by Elizabeth's mother, who declared, "The children won't go without me. I won't leave without the King. And the King will never leave." Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret stayed at Balmoral Castle, Scotland, until Christmas 1939, when they moved to Sandringham House, Norfolk. From February to May 1940, they lived at Royal Lodge, Windsor, until moving to Windsor Castle, where they lived for most of the next five years. At Windsor, the princesses staged pantomimes at Christmas in aid of the Queen's Wool Fund, which bought yarn to knit into military garments. In 1940, the 14-year-old Elizabeth made her first radio broadcast during the BBC's Children's Hour, addressing other children who had been evacuated from the cities. She stated: "We are trying to do all we can to help our gallant sailors, soldiers and airmen, and we are trying, too, to bear our share of the danger and sadness of war. We know, every one of us, that in the end all will be well."
qas: answers: text: September 1939
question: When did Britain enter WWII?

answers: text: Lord Hailsham
question: Who recommended that the two princesses be evacuated to Canada?

answers: text: Elizabeth's mother
question: Who rejected the idea of sending the princesses away?

answers: text: Windsor Castle
question: Where did the two princesses live for most of the war?

answers: text: 1940
question: When did Elizabeth make her first radio broadcast?

context: Following their wedding, the couple leased Windlesham Moor, near Windsor Castle, until 4 July 1949, when they took up residence at Clarence House in London. At various times between 1949 and 1951, the Duke of Edinburgh was stationed in the British Crown Colony of Malta as a serving Royal Navy officer. He and Elizabeth lived intermittently, for several months at a time, in the hamlet of Gwardamanġa, at Villa Guardamangia, the rented home of Philip's uncle, Lord Mountbatten. The children remained in Britain.
qas: answers: text: Windlesham Moor
question: Where did the newly married Elizabeth and Philip stay until 1949?

answers: text: Clarence House
question: After 1949 where did Elizabeth live in London?

answers: text: Royal Navy
question: In which armed force was the Duke of Edinburgh?

answers: text: British Crown Colony of Malta
question: Where was Philip stationed during WWII?

answers: text: Lord Mountbatten
question: In whose home did Elizabeth and Philip stay in Malta?

context: From Elizabeth's birth onwards, the British Empire continued its transformation into the Commonwealth of Nations. By the time of her accession in 1952, her role as head of multiple independent states was already established. In 1953, the Queen and her husband embarked on a seven-month round-the-world tour, visiting 13 countries and covering more than 40,000 miles by land, sea and air. She became the first reigning monarch of Australia and New Zealand to visit those nations. During the tour, crowds were immense; three-quarters of the population of Australia were estimated to have seen her. Throughout her reign, the Queen has made hundreds of state visits to other countries and tours of the Commonwealth; she is the most widely travelled head of state.
qas: answers: text: Commonwealth of Nations
question: What entity did the British Empire slowly become during Elizabeth's reign?

answers: text: 1952
question: In what year did Elizabeth become Queen?

answers: text: round-the-world tour
question: What tour did Elizabeth take in 1953?

answers: text: 13 countries
question: How many nations did Elizabeth visit on tour in 1953?

answers: text: 40,000 miles
question: How many miles did Elizabeth cover on her world tour?

context: According to Paul Martin, Sr., by the end of the 1970s the Queen was worried that the Crown "had little meaning for" Pierre Trudeau, the Canadian Prime Minister. Tony Benn said that the Queen found Trudeau "rather disappointing". Trudeau's supposed republicanism seemed to be confirmed by his antics, such as sliding down banisters at Buckingham Palace and pirouetting behind the Queen's back in 1977, and the removal of various Canadian royal symbols during his term of office. In 1980, Canadian politicians sent to London to discuss the patriation of the Canadian constitution found the Queen "better informed ... than any of the British politicians or bureaucrats". She was particularly interested after the failure of Bill C-60, which would have affected her role as head of state. Patriation removed the role of the British parliament from the Canadian constitution, but the monarchy was retained. Trudeau said in his memoirs that the Queen favoured his attempt to reform the constitution and that he was impressed by "the grace she displayed in public" and "the wisdom she showed in private".
qas: answers: text: Pierre Trudeau
question: About whom was Elizabeth worried in the 1970s?

answers: text: Canadian constitution
question: What was the subject under consideration in discussions in 1980?

answers: text: British parliament
question: What did patriation of the Canadian Constitution remove from the constitution?

answers: text: monarchy
question: What was retained in the constitution?

answers: text: reform
question: What did Trudeau say Elizabeth favored?

context: In a speech on 24 November 1992, to mark the 40th anniversary of her accession, Elizabeth called 1992 her annus horribilis, meaning horrible year. In March, her second son, Prince Andrew, Duke of York, and his wife, Sarah, separated; in April, her daughter, Princess Anne, divorced Captain Mark Phillips; during a state visit to Germany in October, angry demonstrators in Dresden threw eggs at her; and, in November, a large fire broke out at Windsor Castle, one of her official residences. The monarchy came under increased criticism and public scrutiny. In an unusually personal speech, the Queen said that any institution must expect criticism, but suggested it be done with "a touch of humour, gentleness and understanding". Two days later, the Prime Minister, John Major, announced reforms to the royal finances planned since the previous year, including the Queen paying income tax from 1993 onwards, and a reduction in the civil list. In December, Prince Charles and his wife, Diana, formally separated. The year ended with a lawsuit as the Queen sued The Sun newspaper for breach of copyright when it published the text of her annual Christmas message two days before it was broadcast. The newspaper was forced to pay her legal fees and donated £200,000 to charity.
qas: answers: text: her accession
question: What did Elizabeth's speech on 24 November, 1992 mark?

answers: text: annus horribilis
question: What did Elizabeth call her past year?

answers: text: March
question: When did Price Andrew separate from his wife?

answers: text: Captain Mark Phillips
question: Who did Princess Anne divorce in April?

answers: text: Windsor Castle
question: What great house caught fire in November?

context: In May 2007, The Daily Telegraph, citing unnamed sources, reported that the Queen was "exasperated and frustrated" by the policies of the British Prime Minister, Tony Blair, that she was concerned the British Armed Forces were overstretched in Iraq and Afghanistan, and that she had raised concerns over rural and countryside issues with Blair. She was, however, said to admire Blair's efforts to achieve peace in Northern Ireland. On 20 March 2008, at the Church of Ireland St Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh, the Queen attended the first Maundy service held outside England and Wales. At the invitation of the Irish President, Mary McAleese, the Queen made the first state visit to the Republic of Ireland by a British monarch in May 2011.
qas: answers: text: Prime Minister, Tony Blair
question: Who, in 2007, frustrated Elizabeth?

answers: text: peace in Northern Ireland
question: What issue of Blair's did Elizabeth admire?

answers: text: 20 March 2008
question: When did Elizabeth attend a service at Armagm, in Ireland?

answers: text: Maundy
question: What service did Elizabeth attend in Armagm?

answers: text: May 2011.
question: When did Elizabeth make the first visit to Ireland by a British monarch?

context: The Queen surpassed her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, to become the longest-lived British monarch in December 2007, and the longest-reigning British monarch on 9 September 2015. She was celebrated in Canada as the "longest-reigning sovereign in Canada's modern era". (King Louis XIV of France reigned over part of Canada for longer.) She is the longest-reigning queen regnant in history, the world's oldest reigning monarch and second-longest-serving current head of state after King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand.
qas: answers: text: Queen Victoria
question: Who did Elizabeth surpass in longest lived British monarch?

answers: text: great-great-grandmother
question: What relation was Victoria to Elizabeth?

answers: text: 9 September 2015
question: When did Elizabeth become the longest reigning monarch?

answers: text: world's oldest
question: In age of monarchs, what is the rank of Elizabeth's reign?

answers: text: King Bhumibol Adulyadej
question: What head of stat has served longer than Elizabeth?

context: At her Silver Jubilee in 1977, the crowds and celebrations were genuinely enthusiastic, but in the 1980s, public criticism of the royal family increased, as the personal and working lives of Elizabeth's children came under media scrutiny. Elizabeth's popularity sank to a low point in the 1990s. Under pressure from public opinion, she began to pay income tax for the first time, and Buckingham Palace was opened to the public. Discontent with the monarchy reached its peak on the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, though Elizabeth's personal popularity and support for the monarchy rebounded after her live television broadcast to the world five days after Diana's death.
qas: answers: text: 1977
question: When was Elizabeth's Silver Jubilee?

answers: text: public criticism
question: What increased in the 1980s?

answers: text: royal family
question: What was the main subject of public criticism in the 80's?

answers: text: popularity
question: What attribute of Elizabeth fell to  low in the 1990s?

answers: text: income tax
question: What did Elizabeth start paying in the 1990 s?

context: Elizabeth has held many titles and honorary military positions throughout the Commonwealth, is Sovereign of many orders in her own countries, and has received honours and awards from around the world. In each of her realms she has a distinct title that follows a similar formula: Queen of Jamaica and her other realms and territories in Jamaica, Queen of Australia and her other realms and territories in Australia, etc. In the Channel Islands and Isle of Man, which are Crown dependencies rather than separate realms, she is known as Duke of Normandy and Lord of Mann, respectively. Additional styles include Defender of the Faith and Duke of Lancaster. When in conversation with the Queen, the practice is to initially address her as Your Majesty and thereafter as Ma'am.
qas: answers: text: similar formula
question: What feature do Elizabeth's titles usually follow in each country?

answers: text: Crown dependencies
question: What are the Channel Islands and the Isle of Mann?

answers: text: Duke of Normandy
question: What si Elizabeth's title in the Channel Islands?

answers: text: Lord of Mann
question: What is Elizabeth's title on the Isle of Mann?

answers: text: Ma'am
question: Once in conversation with the Queen, how is Elizabeth addressed?