Germans

context: Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans.[citation needed] There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million.[note 2] Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.).
qas: answers: text: 100 million
question: Approximately how many of the world population speak German as a native language? 

answers: text: 80 million
question: Of the population that speaks German as a native language how many of them consider themselves to be German?

answers: text: 80 million
question: How many of the worlds population claim German ancestors?

answers: text: between 100 and more than 150 million
question: what is the total number of Germans both native speaking and heredity in the world?

answers: text: mainly in the South Region of the country
question: Where in Brazil is most of the German descendants located?

answers: text: 100 million
question: How many native German speakers in the world are there?

answers: text: 80 million
question: How many native German speakers consider themselves German?

answers: text: 100 and more than 150 million
question: How many people in the world claim to be from German ancestry?

context: Conflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine. Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany. Germanic peoples in Roman territory were culturally Romanized, and although much of Germany remained free of direct Roman rule, Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity by the Germans who obtained it from the Romans. In Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become a major influence in the development of a common German identity.
qas: answers: text: Julius Caesar
question: What emperor forced the Germanic tribes to the east side of the Rhine?

answers: text: 12 BC
question: In what did Emperor Augustus order the conquest of the Germans? 

answers: text: Battle of the Teutoburg Forest
question: The Romans suffered a horrible defeat in there conquest of the Germans in what battle? 

answers: text: Christianity
question: Roman's adoption of what religion would greatly influence the German society? 

answers: text: Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried
question: Through what act would Roman and German customs become intertwine? 

answers: text: Augustus
question: Which Roman emperor ordered the conquest of the Germans?

answers: text: Christianity
question: What religion did Germans adopt?

answers: text: Battle of the Teutoburg Forest r
question: What battle did Germans defeat the Romans?

context: The Germanic peoples during the Migrations Period came into contact with other peoples; in the case of the populations settling in the territory of modern Germany, they encountered Celts to the south, and Balts and Slavs towards the east. The Limes Germanicus was breached in AD 260. Migrating Germanic tribes commingled with the local Gallo-Roman populations in what is now Swabia and Bavaria. The arrival of the Huns in Europe resulted in Hun conquest of large parts of Eastern Europe, the Huns initially were allies of the Roman Empire who fought against Germanic tribes, but later the Huns cooperated with the Germanic tribe of the Ostrogoths, and large numbers of Germans lived within the lands of the Hunnic Empire of Attila. Attila had both Hunnic and Germanic families and prominent Germanic chiefs amongst his close entourage in Europe. The Huns living in Germanic territories in Eastern Europe adopted an East Germanic language as their lingua franca. A major part of Attila's army were Germans, during the Huns' campaign against the Roman Empire. After Attila's unexpected death the Hunnic Empire collapsed with the Huns disappearing as a people in Europe – who either escaped into Asia, or otherwise blended in amongst Europeans.
qas: answers: text: Balts and Slavs
question: During the Migrations period Germans would encounter what groups in the east?

answers: text: Celts
question: During the Migrations period Germans would encounter what group in the south?

answers: text: AD 260
question: The Limes Germanicus was breached in what year?

answers: text: the Huns
question: Who allied with the Germans after previous fighting them along side the Romans?

answers: text: Attila
question: What leader had both prominent German and Hun families in his entourage throughout Europe? 

answers: text: AD 260
question: When was the Limes Germanicus breached?

answers: text: Celts
question: Who did the Germans come in contact with to the south?

answers: text: Ostrogoths
question: Which Germanic tribe did the Huns cooperate with?

answers: text: East Germanic
question: What language did the Huns adopt?

answers: text: either escaped into Asia, or otherwise blended in amongst Europeans
question: What happened to the Huns after Attila's death?

context: The migration-period peoples who later coalesced into a "German" ethnicity were the Germanic tribes of the Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii. These five tribes, sometimes with inclusion of the Frisians, are considered as the major groups to take part in the formation of the Germans. The varieties of the German language are still divided up into these groups. Linguists distinguish low Saxon, Franconian, Bavarian, Thuringian and Alemannic varieties in modern German. By the 9th century, the large tribes which lived on the territory of modern Germany had been united under the rule of the Frankish king Charlemagne, known in German as Karl der Große. Much of what is now Eastern Germany became Slavonic-speaking (Sorbs and Veleti), after these areas were vacated by Germanic tribes (Vandals, Lombards, Burgundians and Suebi amongst others) which had migrated into the former areas of the Roman Empire.
qas: answers: text: five tribes
question: how many tribes are credited with the creation of the modern day germans?

answers: text: German language
question: In modern day what is still influenced by the  five tribes?

answers: text: Charlemagne
question: What king united the tribes in the 9th century? 

answers: text: Eastern Germany
question: What part of Germany became mostly Slavonic-speaking due to migration?  

answers: text: Roman Empire
question: The tribes that moved out of east Germany took to inhabit what fallen empires lands?

answers: text: Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii
question: What five tribes are attributed with coalescing into a German ethnicity?

answers: text: Frisians
question: What 6th tribe is sometimes included with the original 5 German tribes?

answers: text: king Charlemagne
question: Who united the 5 tribes?

answers: text: 9th
question: What century did King Charlemagne reign? 

context: A German ethnicity emerged in the course of the Middle Ages, ultimately as a result of the formation of the kingdom of Germany within East Francia and later the Holy Roman Empire, beginning in the 9th century. The process was gradual and lacked any clear definition, and the use of exonyms designating "the Germans" develops only during the High Middle Ages. The title of rex teutonicum "King of the Germans" is first used in the late 11th century, by the chancery of Pope Gregory VII, to describe the future Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation Henry IV. Natively, the term ein diutscher ("a German") is used for the people of Germany from the 12th century.
qas: answers: text: High Middle Ages
question: What period in history do we see the emergence of German culture?

answers: text: East Francia
question: The kingdom of Germany formed within what outer established empires?

answers: text: late 11th century
question: When was the Title King of the Germans first used?

answers: text: chancery of Pope Gregory VII,
question: Who coined the phrase "king of the Germans"

answers: text: Henry IV
question: Who was given the prilavage of being called the first King of the Germans?

answers: text: the Middle Ages
question: When did a German ethnicity emerge?

answers: text: the late 11th century
question: When is the title of rex teutonicum first used?

answers: text: Pope Gregory VII
question: Who first used rex teutonicum?

answers: text: 12th century
question: When is ein diutscher first used?

answers: text: a German
question: What does ein diutscher mean?

context: After Christianization, the Roman Catholic Church and local rulers led German expansion and settlement in areas inhabited by Slavs and Balts, known as Ostsiedlung. During the wars waged in the Baltic by the Catholic German Teutonic Knights; the lands inhabited by the ethnic group of the Old Prussians (the current reference to the people known then simply as the "Prussians"), were conquered by the Germans. The Old Prussians were an ethnic group related to the Latvian and Lithuanian Baltic peoples. The former German state of Prussia took its name from the Baltic Prussians, although it was led by Germans who had assimilated the Old Prussians; the old Prussian language was extinct by the 17th or early 18th century. The Slavic people of the Teutonic-controlled Baltic were assimilated into German culture and eventually there were many intermarriages of Slavic and German families, including amongst the Prussia's aristocracy known as the Junkers. Prussian military strategist Karl von Clausewitz is a famous German whose surname is of Slavic origin. Massive German settlement led to the assimilation of Baltic (Old Prussians) and Slavic (Wends) populations, who were exhausted by previous warfare.
qas: answers: text: Ostsiedlung
question: The Expansion of Germany  by the Catholic Church into the areas of the Slavs and balts is know as what?

answers: text: Catholic German Teutonic Knights
question: What was the name of the group that waged war in the Baltic?

answers: text: Latvian and Lithuanian Baltic peoples
question: Who was the Old Prussians ethnic group related to?

answers: text: 17th or early 18th century
question: Although conquered the Persian language lived on till when?

answers: text: Karl von Clausewitz
question: Who is a famous German that  name has Slavic origins?

answers: text: 17th or early 18th century
question: When was the Prussian language extinct?

answers: text: were assimilated into German culture
question: What happened to the Slavic people of the Baltic?

answers: text: the Roman Catholic Church and local rulers
question: Who led the German expansion?

answers: text: Karl von Clausewitz
question: What famous German military strategist has a name with Slavic origin?

answers: text: Massive German settlement
question: What let to the assimilation of Baltic and Slavic populations?

context: At the same time, naval innovations led to a German domination of trade in the Baltic Sea and parts of Eastern Europe through the Hanseatic League. Along the trade routes, Hanseatic trade stations became centers of the German culture. German town law (Stadtrecht) was promoted by the presence of large, relatively wealthy German populations, their influence and political power. Thus people who would be considered "Germans", with a common culture, language, and worldview different from that of the surrounding rural peoples, colonized trading towns as far north of present-day Germany as Bergen (in Norway), Stockholm (in Sweden), and Vyborg (now in Russia). The Hanseatic League was not exclusively German in any ethnic sense: many towns who joined the league were outside the Holy Roman Empire and a number of them may only loosely be characterized as German. The Empire itself was not entirely German either. It had a multi-ethnic and multi-lingual structure, some of the smaller ethnicities and languages used at different times were Dutch, Italian, French, Czech and Polish.
qas: answers: text: naval innovations
question: German's domination of trade in the Eastern Europe was credited to what?

answers: text: Hanseatic trade stations
question: Because of the increased trade what places became the hubs of German culture?

answers: text: Stadtrecht
question: What was promoted due to wealth and power of the German families?

answers: text: multi-ethnic and multi-lingual
question: the holy roman empire due to its many different conquests was seen as what type of society?

answers: text: naval innovations
question: What helped the Germans dominate trade?

answers: text: Stadtrecht
question: What is the German work for German town law?

answers: text: The Hanseatic League was not exclusively German
question: Was the Hanseatic league exclusively German?

answers: text: Dutch, Italian, French, Czech and Polish
question: What other ethnicities, besides German were part of The Empire?

context: By the Middle Ages, large numbers of Jews lived in the Holy Roman Empire and had assimilated into German culture, including many Jews who had previously assimilated into French culture and had spoken a mixed Judeo-French language. Upon assimilating into German culture, the Jewish German peoples incorporated major parts of the German language and elements of other European languages into a mixed language known as Yiddish. However tolerance and assimilation of Jews in German society suddenly ended during the Crusades with many Jews being forcefully expelled from Germany and Western Yiddish disappeared as a language in Germany over the centuries, with German Jewish people fully adopting the German language.
qas: answers: text: Middle Ages
question: By what time period had many of the Jewish  population joined the Holy Roman Empire?

answers: text: Yiddish
question: The Jewish populations upon migrating into the German society mingled languages to form what new language? 

answers: text: Crusades
question: What cause the tolerance and mixing  into German Society to end for the Jews?

answers: text: German
question: What language did many of the Jews speak after the crusades? 

answers: text: Judeo-French
question: What language did the Jews speak prior to assimilating into German culture?

answers: text: Yiddish.
question: After assimilating to German culture, what language did the Jews adopt?

answers: text: during the Crusades
question: When did Jewish assimilation end?

answers: text: forcefully expelled from Germany
question: What happened to the Jews during the crusades?

context: The Napoleonic Wars were the cause of the final dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, and ultimately the cause for the quest for a German nation state in 19th-century German nationalism. After the Congress of Vienna, Austria and Prussia emerged as two competitors. Austria, trying to remain the dominant power in Central Europe, led the way in the terms of the Congress of Vienna. The Congress of Vienna was essentially conservative, assuring that little would change in Europe and preventing Germany from uniting. These terms came to a sudden halt following the Revolutions of 1848 and the Crimean War in 1856, paving the way for German unification in the 1860s. By the 1820s, large numbers of Jewish German women had intermarried with Christian German men and had converted to Christianity. Jewish German Eduard Lasker was a prominent German nationalist figure who promoted the unification of Germany in the mid-19th century.
qas: answers: text: Napoleonic Wars
question: What was one of the main factors that caused the dissolve of the Holy Roman Empire?

answers: text: Congress of Vienna
question: What assured  Europe would remain the same preventing Germany from becoming one country?

answers: text: 1856
question: When was the Crimean War?

answers: text: 1860s
question: When was Germany's unification? 

answers: text: Eduard Lasker
question: What prominent Jewish German  sought German unification in the mid 19th century?

answers: text: The Napoleonic Wars
question: What was the cause of the final dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire?

answers: text: Austria and Prussia
question: What two countries emerged as competitors after the Congress of Vienna?

answers: text: Austria
question: Who led the way for the Congress of Vienna?

answers: text: 1860s
question: In what decade was German unification?

answers: text: a prominent German nationalist figure who promoted the unification of Germany in the mid-19th century
question: Who was Eduard Lasker?

context: In 1866, the feud between Austria and Prussia finally came to a head. There were several reasons behind this war. As German nationalism grew strongly inside the German Confederation and neither could decide on how Germany was going to be unified into a nation-state. The Austrians favoured the Greater Germany unification but were not willing to give up any of the non-German-speaking land inside of the Austrian Empire and take second place to Prussia. The Prussians however wanted to unify Germany as Little Germany primarily by the Kingdom of Prussia, whilst excluding Austria. In the final battle of the German war (Battle of Königgrätz) the Prussians successfully defeated the Austrians and succeeded in creating the North German Confederation.
qas: answers: text: 1866
question: When did the strife between Austria and Prussia erupt?

answers: text: (Battle of Königgrätz
question: in What conflict of the German war did the Prussians successfully create the North German Confederation?

answers: text: Little Germany
question: What was Germany going to be called if Prussian won?

answers: text: non-German-speaking land inside of the Austrian Empire
question: What was Austria not willing to give up to settle the conflict?

answers: text: 1866
question: When did Austria and Prussia go to war?

answers: text: Prussia
question: Who won the battle of Koniggratz?

answers: text: Little Germany
question: What did the Prussians want Germany to unify under?

answers: text: North German Confederation
question: What was created when the Prussians defeated Austria??

context: In 1870, after France attacked Prussia, Prussia and its new allies in Southern Germany (among them Bavaria) were victorious in the Franco-Prussian War. It created the German Empire in 1871 as a German nation-state, effectively excluding the multi-ethnic Austrian Habsburg monarchy and Liechtenstein. Integrating the Austrians nevertheless remained a strong desire for many people of Germany and Austria, especially among the liberals, the social democrats and also the Catholics who were a minority within the Protestant Germany.
qas: answers: text: 1870
question: When did France attack Prussia? 

answers: text: Prussia and its new allies in Southern Germany
question: Who won the Franco-Prussian War?

answers: text: 1871
question: When was the German Empire founded?

answers: text: effectively excluding the multi-ethnic Austrian Habsburg monarchy
question: What regions was excluded from the German Empire?

answers: text: Protestant
question: What was the primary religion of Germany?

answers: text: 1871
question: When was the German empire created?

answers: text: Austrian Habsburg monarchy and Liechtenstein
question: Who was excluded from the German Nation State?

answers: text: Protestant
question: What religion was a majority in Germany?

answers: text: Integrating the Austrians
question: What did many people in Germany still want to do?

context: The Nazis, led by Adolf Hitler, attempted to unite all the people they claimed were "Germans" (Volksdeutsche) into one realm, including ethnic Germans in eastern Europe, many of whom had emigrated more than one hundred fifty years before and developed separate cultures in their new lands. This idea was initially welcomed by many ethnic Germans in Sudetenland, Austria, Poland, Danzig and western Lithuania, particularly the Germans from Klaipeda (Memel). The Swiss resisted the idea. They had viewed themselves as a distinctly separate nation since the Peace of Westphalia of 1648.
qas: answers: text: Adolf Hitler
question: What leader tried to unite all people considered themselves "German"

answers: text: The Swiss
question: Who resisted the uniting of people under Hitler?

answers: text: 1648
question: The Swiss has viewed themselves as their own country since what year?

answers: text: ethnic Germans
question: Who welcomed the idea in area such as Sudetenland and Poland?

answers: text: Adolf Hitler
question: Who headed the Nazis?

answers: text: The Swiss
question: Who resisted the Nazi idea of uniting all Germans from the get go?

answers: text: 1648
question: Since when had the Swiss viewed themselves as a different nation?

answers: text: 1648
question: When was the Peace of Westphalia?

answers: text: The Nazis
question: Who wanted to unite all of the Germans all over the area?

context: After World War II, eastern European countries such as the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Yugoslavia expelled the Germans from their territories. Many of those had inhabited these lands for centuries, developing a unique culture. Germans were also forced to leave the former eastern territories of Germany, which were annexed by Poland (Silesia, Pomerania, parts of Brandenburg and southern part of East Prussia) and the Soviet Union (northern part of East Prussia). Between 12 and 16,5 million ethnic Germans and German citizens were expelled westwards to allied-occupied Germany.
qas: answers: text: expelled the Germans
question: With the conclusion of World War 2 what did most Eastern Europe countries do with their German citizens?

answers: text: for centuries
question: How long did many of the Germans live in the eastern Europe countries before being expelled? 

answers: text: 12 and 16,5 million ethnic Germans and German citizens
question: Approximately how many Germans were expelled from their home after world war II?

answers: text: westwards to allied-occupied Germany
question: After World War II where were Germans forced to relocate to?

answers: text: Between 12 and 16,5 million
question: How many Germans were expelled after WWII?

answers: text: World War II
question: After what war were Germans expelled from their territories? 

answers: text: allied-occupied Germany
question: Where were Germans that were inhabiting other lands expelled to?

context: The event of the Protestant Reformation and the politics that ensued has been cited as the origins of German identity that arose in response to the spread of a common German language and literature. Early German national culture was developed through literary and religious figures including Martin Luther, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller. The concept of a German nation was developed by German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder. The popularity of German identity arose in the aftermath of the French Revolution.
qas: answers: text: Protestant Reformation
question: What is credited with the origins of the German identity?

answers: text: literary and religious figures
question: How was early German culture developed?

answers: text: Johann Gottfried Herder
question: What man is credited with the emergence of the German nation?

answers: text: aftermath of the French Revolution
question: When did the popularity of the German nation increase?

answers: text: Protestant Reformation
question: What is credited with creating the Origins of a German identity?

answers: text: Johann Gottfried Herder
question: Who developed the concept of a German Nation?

answers: text: in the aftermath of the French Revolution
question: When did the popularity of a German identity arise?

answers: text: German philosopher
question: Who was Johann Herder?

context: Persons who speak German as their first language, look German and whose families have lived in Germany for generations are considered "most German", followed by categories of diminishing Germanness such as Aussiedler (people of German ancestry whose families have lived in Eastern Europe but who have returned to Germany), Restdeutsche (people living in lands that have historically belonged to Germany but which is currently outside of Germany), Auswanderer (people whose families have emigrated from Germany and who still speak German), German speakers in German-speaking nations such as Austrians, and finally people of German emigrant background who no longer speak German.
qas: answers: text: most German
question: Residence that speak German as their mother tongue and  families have been in place for generations are often consider?

answers: text: Aussiedler
question: What is the name given to Germans who family left but came back to the lands?

answers: text: Restdeutsche
question: What is the name of  gven to the population that lives outside of current Germany boundary but still within historic Germany?

answers: text: Auswanderer
question: What are refugees from Germany that still speak German referred to?

answers: text: most German
question: People who have generations of family in Germany, and look and speak German are classified as what?

answers: text: Aussiedler
question: Who are people of German ancestry but have lived in other parts of Europe, then returned to Germany?

answers: text: Restdeutsche
question: What are people who have ancestral roots in Germany, but now live outside of Germany called?

answers: text: Auswanderer
question: What are people called who have left Germany but still speak German?

context: The native language of Germans is German, a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch, and sharing many similarities with the North Germanic and Scandinavian languages. Spoken by approximately 100 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and the most widely spoken first language in the European Union. German has been replaced by English as the dominant language of science-related Nobel Prize laureates during the second half of the 20th century. It was a lingua franca in the Holy Roman Empire.
qas: answers: text: German
question: What is the native language of Germans?

answers: text: English and Dutch
question: What languages is German related to?

answers: text: 100 million
question: How many natives speak German?

answers: text: German
question: What is the most commonly spoken language in the European Union?

answers: text: English
question: What is the dominant language of science?

context: People of German origin are found in various places around the globe. United States is home to approximately 50 million German Americans or one third of the German diaspora, making it the largest centre of German-descended people outside Germany. Brazil is the second largest with 5 million people claiming German ancestry. Other significant centres are Canada, Argentina, South Africa and France each accounting for at least 1 million. While the exact number of German-descended people is difficult to calculate, the available data makes it safe to claim the number is exceeding 100 million people.
qas: answers: text: 50 million
question: How many German Americans are there?

answers: text: 5 million
question: How many Germans live in Brazil?

answers: text: 100 million
question: How many people in the world have German heritage?

answers: text: one third
question: America is home to what percentage of German decedent people?

context: German philosophers have helped shape western philosophy from as early as the Middle Ages (Albertus Magnus). Later, Leibniz (17th century) and most importantly Kant played central roles in the history of philosophy. Kantianism inspired the work of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche as well as German idealism defended by Fichte and Hegel. Engels helped develop communist theory in the second half of the 19th century while Heidegger and Gadamer pursued the tradition of German philosophy in the 20th century. A number of German intellectuals were also influential in sociology, most notably Adorno, Habermas, Horkheimer, Luhmann, Simmel, Tönnies, and Weber. The University of Berlin founded in 1810 by linguist and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt served as an influential model for a number of modern western universities.
qas: answers: text: Albertus Magnus
question: Who is a German philosopher from the middle ages?

answers: text: 17th century
question: When was Leibniz an active philosopher?

answers: text: Kant
question: What German philosopher inspired Schopenhauer and Nietzsche?

answers: text: Engels
question: In the late 19th century, which German philosopher helped develop the idea of communism?

answers: text: 1810
question: When was the University of Berlin founded?

context: The work of David Hilbert and Max Planck was crucial to the foundation of modern physics, which Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrödinger developed further. They were preceded by such key physicists as Hermann von Helmholtz, Joseph von Fraunhofer, and Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, among others. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays, an accomplishment that made him the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. The Walhalla temple for "laudable and distinguished Germans", features a number of scientists, and is located east of Regensburg, in Bavaria.
qas: answers: text: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
question: Who discovered X-Rays?

answers: text: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
question: Who won the first Nobel Prize in Physics?

answers: text: 1901
question: In what year, was the first Nobel Prize in Physics won?

answers: text: Bavaria
question: Where is the Walhalla temple located?

answers: text: David Hilbert and Max Planck
question: What two people were important to the creation of modern physics?

context: In the field of music, Germany claims some of the most renowned classical composers of the world including Bach, Mozart and Beethoven, who marked the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western classical music. Other composers of the Austro-German tradition who achieved international fame include Brahms, Wagner, Haydn, Schubert, Händel, Schumann, Liszt, Mendelssohn Bartholdy, Johann Strauss II, Bruckner, Mahler, Telemann, Richard Strauss, Schoenberg, Orff, and most recently, Henze, Lachenmann, and Stockhausen.
qas: answers: text: Germany
question: From which country is Bach, Mozart and Beethoven from?

answers: text: Austro-German
question: In what tradition of music did Brahms Wagner and Hadyn achieve fame?

answers: text: Beethoven
question: Who marked the switch from classical to romantic eras in classical music?

context: As of 2008[update], Germany is the fourth largest music market in the world and has exerted a strong influence on Dance and Rock music, and pioneered trance music. Artists such as Herbert Grönemeyer, Scorpions, Rammstein, Nena, Dieter Bohlen, Tokio Hotel and Modern Talking have enjoyed international fame. German musicians and, particularly, the pioneering bands Tangerine Dream and Kraftwerk have also contributed to the development of electronic music. Germany hosts many large rock music festivals annually. The Rock am Ring festival is the largest music festival in Germany, and among the largest in the world. German artists also make up a large percentage of Industrial music acts, which is called Neue Deutsche Härte. Germany hosts some of the largest Goth scenes and festivals in the entire world, with events like Wave-Gothic-Treffen and M'era Luna Festival easily attracting up to 30,000 people. Amongst Germany's famous artists there are various Dutch entertainers, such as Johannes Heesters.
qas: answers: text: fourth largest
question: In 2008,, where was Germany ranked as a world music market?

answers: text: trance
question: What type of music was pioneered in Germany?

answers: text: electronic
question: What type of music does Kraftwerk make?

answers: text: Rock am Ring
question: What is the largest music festival in Germany?

answers: text: up to 30,000
question: How many people does M'era Luna Festival attract?

context: German cinema dates back to the very early years of the medium with the work of Max Skladanowsky. It was particularly influential during the years of the Weimar Republic with German expressionists such as Robert Wiene and Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau. The Nazi era produced mostly propaganda films although the work of Leni Riefenstahl still introduced new aesthetics in film. From the 1960s, New German Cinema directors such as Volker Schlöndorff, Werner Herzog, Wim Wenders, Rainer Werner Fassbinder placed West-German cinema back onto the international stage with their often provocative films, while the Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft controlled film production in the GDR.
qas: answers: text: Max Skladanowsky
question: Who was the original German cinematic?

answers: text: propaganda
question: What types of film were produced in the Nazi era?

answers: text: Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft
question: Who controls film production in the GDR?

answers: text: 1960s
question: When did German cinema come back internationally?

context: More recently, films such as Das Boot (1981), The Never Ending Story (1984) Run Lola Run (1998), Das Experiment (2001), Good Bye Lenin! (2003), Gegen die Wand (Head-on) (2004) and Der Untergang (Downfall) (2004) have enjoyed international success. In 2002 the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film went to Caroline Link's Nowhere in Africa, in 2007 to Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck's The Lives of Others. The Berlin International Film Festival, held yearly since 1951, is one of the world's foremost film and cinema festivals.
qas: answers: text: 1984
question: In what year was the never ending story made?

answers: text: Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film
question: What award did Nowhere in Africa win in 2002?

answers: text: 2007
question: In what year did The Lives of Others win the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language?

answers: text: yearly
question: How often is the Berlin International Film Festival held?

answers: text: 1951
question: What was the first year of the Berlin International Film Festival?

context: Roman Catholicism was the sole established religion in the Holy Roman Empire until the Reformation changed this drastically. In 1517, Martin Luther challenged the Catholic Church as he saw it as a corruption of Christian faith. Through this, he altered the course of European and world history and established Protestantism. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. The war was fought primarily in what is now Germany, and at various points involved most of the countries of Europe. The war was fought largely as a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire.
qas: answers: text: 1517
question: In what year did Martin Luther challenge the Catholic Church?

answers: text: 1618–1648
question: During what years was the thirty year war?

answers: text: Roman Catholicism
question: Until the Reformation, what was the established religion in Germany?

answers: text: Germany
question: Where was the thirty year war primarily fought?

answers: text: Protestants and Catholics
question: Who was the thirty year war between?

context: According to the latest nationwide census, Roman Catholics constituted 30.8% of the total population of Germany, followed by the Evangelical Protestants at 30.3%. Other religions, atheists or not specified constituted 38.8% of the population at the time. Among "others" are Protestants not included in Evangelical Church of Germany, and other Christians such as the Restorationist New Apostolic Church. Protestantism was more common among the citizens of Germany. The North and East Germany is predominantly Protestant, the South and West rather Catholic. Nowadays there is a non-religious majority in Hamburg and the East German states.
qas: answers: text: 30.8
question: What percentage of Germans are Roman Catholic?

answers: text: 30.3
question: What percentage of Germans are Evangelical Protestants?

answers: text: Protestant
question: What religion is the North and East part of Germany?

answers: text: Hamburg and the East German states
question: Where is there a non-religious majority?

context: Sport forms an integral part of German life, as demonstrated by the fact that 27 million Germans are members of a sports club and an additional twelve million pursue such an activity individually. Football is by far the most popular sport, and the German Football Federation (Deutscher Fußballbund) with more than 6.3 million members is the largest athletic organisation in the country. It also attracts the greatest audience, with hundreds of thousands of spectators attending Bundesliga matches and millions more watching on television.
qas: answers: text: 27 million
question: How many Germans are members of sports clubs?

answers: text: Football
question: What is the most popular sport in Germany?

answers: text: German Football Federation
question: What is the largest athletic organisation in the country?

answers: text: 6.3 million
question: How many members are in the German Football Federation?

context: Since the 2006 FIFA World Cup, the internal and external evaluation of Germany's national image has changed. In the annual Nation Brands Index global survey, Germany became significantly and repeatedly more highly ranked after the tournament. People in 20 different states assessed the country's reputation in terms of culture, politics, exports, its people and its attractiveness to tourists, immigrants and investments. Germany has been named the world's second most valued nation among 50 countries in 2010. Another global opinion poll, for the BBC, revealed that Germany is recognised for the most positive influence in the world in 2010. A majority of 59% have a positive view of the country, while 14% have a negative view.
qas: answers: text: 2006
question: What year was the turning point for Germany in the Nation Brands Index?

answers: text: 2010
question: What year did BBC reveal that Germany is the most positive influence in the world?

answers: text: 14%
question: what percentage have a negative view of Germany?

answers: text: 59
question: What percentage of people have a positive view of Germany?

context: Pan-Germanism's origins began in the early 19th century following the Napoleonic Wars. The wars launched a new movement that was born in France itself during the French Revolution. Nationalism during the 19th century threatened the old aristocratic regimes. Many ethnic groups of Central and Eastern Europe had been divided for centuries, ruled over by the old Monarchies of the Romanovs and the Habsburgs. Germans, for the most part, had been a loose and disunited people since the Reformation when the Holy Roman Empire was shattered into a patchwork of states. The new German nationalists, mostly young reformers such as Johann Tillmann of East Prussia, sought to unite all the German-speaking and ethnic-German (Volksdeutsche) people.
qas: answers: text: 19th
question: In what century did the Pan-Germanisms origins begin?

answers: text: Nationalism
question: What movement came out of the French Revolution?

answers: text: aristocratic regimes
question: Who was threatened by Nationalism?

answers: text: Romanovs and the Habsburgs
question: Who ruled central and Eastern Europe during the 19th century?

answers: text: East Prussia
question: Where was Johann Tillmann from?

context: By the 1860s the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire were the two most powerful nations dominated by German-speaking elites. Both sought to expand their influence and territory. The Austrian Empire – like the Holy Roman Empire – was a multi-ethnic state, but German-speaking people there did not have an absolute numerical majority; the creation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was one result of the growing nationalism of other ethnicities especially the Hungarians. Prussia under Otto von Bismarck would ride on the coat-tails of nationalism to unite all of modern-day Germany. The German Empire ("Second Reich") was created in 1871 following the proclamation of Wilhelm I as head of a union of German-speaking states, while disregarding millions of its non-German subjects who desired self-determination from German rule.
qas: answers: text: Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire
question: Who were the two most powerful nations in the 1860's?

answers: text: 1871
question: When was the German Empire created?

answers: text: head of a union of German-speaking states
question: Who was Wilhelm I?

answers: text: influence and territory
question: What were Prussia and Austria looking to expand?

answers: text: The Austrian Empire
question: Which empire was a multi ethnic state?

context: Following the defeat in World War I, influence of German-speaking elites over Central and Eastern Europe was greatly limited. At the treaty of Versailles Germany was substantially reduced in size. Austria-Hungary was split up. Rump-Austria, which to a certain extent corresponded to the German-speaking areas of Austria-Hungary (a complete split into language groups was impossible due to multi-lingual areas and language-exclaves) adopted the name "German-Austria" (German: Deutschösterreich). The name German-Austria was forbidden by the victorious powers of World War I. Volga Germans living in the Soviet Union were interned in gulags or forcibly relocated during the Second World War.
qas: answers: text: treaty of Versailles
question: What greatly reduced the size of Germany after WWI?

answers: text: Volga Germans
question: Who was relocated during the second world war from the Soviet Union?

answers: text: German-Austria
question: What name did Rump-Austria adopt?

answers: text: Deutschösterreich
question: What is the German translation for German-Austria?

context: For decades after the Second World War, any national symbol or expression was a taboo. However, the Germans are becoming increasingly patriotic. During a study in 2009, in which some 2,000 German citizens age 14 and upwards filled out a questionnaire, nearly 60% of those surveyed agreed with the sentiment "I'm proud to be German." And 78%, if free to choose their nation, would opt for German nationality with "near or absolute certainty". Another study in 2009, carried out by the Identity Foundation in Düsseldorf, showed that 73% of the Germans were proud of their country, twice more than 8 years earlier. According to Eugen Buss, a sociology professor at the University of Hohenheim, there's an ongoing normalisation and more and more Germans are becoming openly proud of their country.
qas: answers: text: 60
question: What percentage of 14 year olds said they were proud to be German in 2009?

answers: text: 78
question: What percentage of 14 year olds in 2009 said they would choose German for their nationality if they got to choose?

answers: text: University of Hohenheim
question: Where does Eugen Buss work?

context: In the midst of the European sovereign-debt crisis, Radek Sikorski, Poland's Foreign Minister, stated in November 2011, "I will probably be the first Polish foreign minister in history to say so, but here it is: I fear German power less than I am beginning to fear German inactivity. You have become Europe's indispensable nation." According to Jacob Heilbrunn, a senior editor at The National Interest, such a statement is unprecedented when taking into consideration Germany's history. "This was an extraordinary statement from a top official of a nation that was ravaged by Germany during World War II. And it reflects a profound shift taking place throughout Germany and Europe about Berlin's position at the center of the Continent." Heilbrunn believes that the adage, "what was good for Germany was bad for the European Union" has been supplanted by a new mentality—what is in the interest of Germany is also in the interest of its neighbors. The evolution in Germany's national identity stems from focusing less on its Nazi past and more on its Prussian history, which many Germans believe was betrayed—and not represented—by Nazism. The evolution is further precipitated by Germany's conspicuous position as Europe's strongest economy. Indeed, this German sphere of influence has been welcomed by the countries that border it, as demonstrated by Polish foreign minister Radek Sikorski's effusive praise for his country's western neighbor. This shift in thinking is boosted by a newer generation of Germans who see World War II as a distant memory.
qas: answers: text: Radek Sikorski
question: Who was Poland's foreign minister in 2011?

answers: text: Nazi past
question: What are Germans trying to forget?

answers: text: Prussian history
question: What are Germans trying to focus on?

answers: text: Germany
question: Who is Europe's strongest economy?