Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census

context: The biggest change in this year's census was in racial classification. Enumerators were instructed to no longer use the "Mulatto" classification. Instead, they were given special instructions for reporting the race of interracial persons. A person with both white and black ancestry (termed "blood") was to be recorded as "Negro," no matter the fraction of that lineage (the "one-drop rule"). A person of mixed black and American Indian ancestry was also to be recorded as "Neg" (for "Negro") unless he was considered to be "predominantly" American Indian and accepted as such within the community. A person with both White and American Indian ancestry was to be recorded as an Indian, unless his American Indian ancestry was small, and he was accepted as white within the community. In all situations in which a person had White and some other racial ancestry, he was to be reported as that other race. Persons who had minority interracial ancestry were to be reported as the race of their father.
qas: answers: text: Mulatto
question: What word was dropped as a racial classification in this year's census?

answers: text: Negro
question: What were people that had black and white ancestor classified as in this census? 

answers: text: Neg
question: How were people with both black and American Indian ancestry recorded in this census? 

answers: text: one-drop rule
question: What is it called when a mixed race person in recorded as negro in this census, even if only a fraction of their ancestry is black?

answers: text: their father
question: Which parent was the deciding factor for how interracial persons were recorded in this census? 

context: Race was asked differently in the Census 2000 in several other ways than previously. Most significantly, respondents were given the option of selecting one or more race categories to indicate racial identities. Data show that nearly seven million Americans identified as members of two or more races. Because of these changes, the Census 2000 data on race are not directly comparable with data from the 1990 census or earlier censuses. Use of caution is therefore recommended when interpreting changes in the racial composition of the US population over time.
qas: answers: text: 2000
question: In what year were census respondents first able to select more than one race? 

answers: text: nearly seven million
question: How many American reported being of more than one race in the Census 2000?

answers: text: one or more
question: How many race categories were respondents able to select in the Census 2000?

answers: text: 1990
question: What year was the last census before the Census 2000?

context: In September 1997, during the process of revision of racial categories previously declared by OMB directive no. 15, the American Anthropological Association (AAA) recommended that OMB combine the "race" and "ethnicity" categories into one question to appear as "race/ethnicity" for the 2000 US Census. The Interagency Committee agreed, stating that "race" and "ethnicity" were not sufficiently defined and "that many respondents conceptualize 'race' and 'ethnicity' as one in the same  [sic] underscor[ing] the need to consolidate these terms into one category, using a term that is more meaningful to the American people."
qas: answers: text: the American Anthropological Association
question: What organization recommended that race and ethnicity categories be combined into one question for the 2000 US census?

answers: text: 1997
question: In what year are or racial categories first revised for the 2000 U.S. Census?

answers: text: OMB directive no. 15
question: Prior to 1997, where were racial categories declared for the U.S. Census?

answers: text: race/ethnicity
question: How did racial categories appear in the US 2000 census?

context: The racial categories represent a social-political construct for the race or races that respondents consider themselves to be and "generally reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country." OMB defines the concept of race as outlined for the U.S. Census as not "scientific or anthropological" and takes into account "social and cultural characteristics as well as ancestry", using "appropriate scientific methodologies" that are not "primarily biological or genetic in reference." The race categories include both racial and national-origin groups.
qas: answers: text: OMB
question: Who defines the concept of race in the United States Census?

answers: text: national-origin
question: What do the race categories in the US Census include in addition to race?

answers: text: ancestry
question: In addition to social and cultural characteristics, what else is taken into account for race classification in the US census?

context: Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with Hispanic or Latino origin asked as a separate question. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino". However, the practice of separating "race" and "ethnicity" as different categories has been criticized both by the American Anthropological Association and members of U.S. Commission on Civil Rights.
qas: answers: text: two
question: How many ethnic categories are there in the US census?

answers: text: Not Hispanic or Latino
question: In addition to Hispanic and Latino, what other ethnic category is included in the United States Census?

answers: text: the American Anthropological Association
question: What association criticized the separation of race and ethnicity in the UScensus?

answers: text: U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
question: Members of what commission criticized the separation of race and ethnic city on the US Census?

answers: text: Hispanic or Latino
question: In ethnic classification for the U.S. Census, What option do respondents have other than not Hispanic or Latino?

context: President Franklin D. Roosevelt promoted a "good neighbor" policy that sought better relations with Mexico. In 1935 a federal judge ruled that three Mexican immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because they were not white, as required by federal law. Mexico protested, and Roosevelt decided to circumvent the decision and make sure the federal government treated Hispanics as white. The State Department, the Census Bureau, the Labor Department, and other government agencies therefore made sure to uniformly classify people of Mexican descent as white. This policy encouraged the League of United Latin American Citizens in its quest to minimize discrimination by asserting their whiteness.
qas: answers: text: Mexico
question: What country did President Frankiln Roosevelt have a good neighbor policy for in hopes of a better relationship?

answers: text: 1935
question: In what year did a federal judge say that three immigrants from Mexico were not eligible to be citizens because of their race?

answers: text: Roosevelt
question: What US President wanted to treat Hispanic people as white by the federal government?

answers: text: Mexican
question: People of what descent were classified as white by the federal government at the suggestion of President Roosevelt?

answers: text: white
question: In 1935, what race was a person required to be to become a United States citizen?

context: In 1997, OMB issued a Federal Register notice regarding revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. OMB developed race and ethnic standards in order to provide "consistent data on race and ethnicity throughout the Federal Government. The development of the data standards stem in large measure from new responsibilities to enforce civil rights laws." Among the changes, OMB issued the instruction to "mark one or more races" after noting evidence of increasing numbers of interracial children and wanting to capture the diversity in a measurable way and having received requests by people who wanted to be able to acknowledge their or their children's full ancestry rather than identifying with only one group. Prior to this decision, the Census and other government data collections asked people to report only one race.
qas: answers: text: OMB
question: Who decided on the standards for the classification of race and ethnicity and federal data?

answers: text: 1997
question: In what year did OMB revise the standards for race and ethnicity classifications?

answers: text: consistent data
question: What did OMB hope to provide with their revision on race and ethnicity in 1997?

answers: text: one or more
question: How many races were people asked to mark on the US Census after OMB revised their standards in 1997?

answers: text: one
question: How many races were people asked to report in the US census prior to 1997?

context: The 1850 census saw a dramatic shift in the way information about residents was collected. For the first time, free persons were listed individually instead of by head of household. There were two questionnaires: one for free inhabitants and one for slaves. The question on the free inhabitants schedule about color was a column that was to be left blank if a person was white, marked "B" if a person was black, and marked "M" if a person was mulatto. Slaves were listed by owner, and classified by gender and age, not individually, and the question about color was a column that was to be marked with a "B" if the slave was black and an "M" if mulatto.
qas: answers: text: 1850
question: In what year were free persons first listed individually in the US census?

answers: text: by head of household
question: How were free persons listed in the US census prior to 1850?

answers: text: B
question: In the 1850 US census, what was put into the color column for black persons?

answers: text: mulatto
question: If M was marked in the color column for a person in the 1850 census, How were they classified?

answers: text: by owner
question: How were slaves listed in the 1850 US census?

context: Although used in the Census and the American Community Survey, "Some other race" is not an official race, and the Bureau considered eliminating it prior to the 2000 Census. As the 2010 census form did not contain the question titled "Ancestry" found in prior censuses, there were campaigns to get non-Hispanic West Indian Americans, Turkish Americans, Armenian Americans, Arab Americans and Iranian Americans to indicate their ethnic or national background through the race question, specifically the "Some other race" category.
qas: answers: text: Some other race
question: What race selection did the census bureau consider getting rid of before the 2000 census?

answers: text: 2010
question: In what year did the ancestery question stop appearing in the US census?

answers: text: Some other race
question: There were campaigns to try to get minorities to use what race category into 2010 census?

answers: text: the American Community Survey
question: In addition to the Census, where else is the "some other race" selection an option?

context: "Data on ethnic groups are important for putting into effect a number of federal statutes (i.e., enforcing bilingual election rules under the Voting Rights Act; monitoring and enforcing equal employment opportunities under the Civil Rights Act). Data on Ethnic Groups are also needed by local governments to run programs and meet legislative requirements (i.e., identifying segments of the population who may not be receiving medical services under the Public Health Act; evaluating whether financial institutions are meeting the credit needs of minority populations under the Community Reinvestment Act)."
qas: answers: text: the Voting Rights Act
question: What act has rules and regulations for bilingual election? 

answers: text: the Community Reinvestment Act
question: What act has rules and regulations for meeting the credit needs of minority populations?

answers: text: the Civil Rights Act
question: What act has laws about equal employment opportunities for ethnic groups?

context: For 1890, the Census Office changed the design of the population questionnaire. Residents were still listed individually, but a new questionnaire sheet was used for each family. Additionally, this was the first year that the census distinguished between different East Asian races, such as Japanese and Chinese, due to increased immigration. This census also marked the beginning of the term "race" in the questionnaires. Enumerators were instructed to write "White," "Black," "Mulatto," "Quadroon," "Octoroon," "Chinese," "Japanese," or "Indian."
qas: answers: text: 1890
question: In what year was the term race first used in the U.S. Census?

answers: text: for each family
question: How often was a new questionnaire sheet used in the 1890 census?

answers: text: individually
question: How were residents listed in the census in 1890?

answers: text: increased immigration
question: Why were different East Asian races divided in 1890 Census?

context: The federal government of the United States has mandated that "in data collection and presentation, federal agencies are required to use a minimum of two ethnicities: 'Hispanic or Latino' and 'Not Hispanic or Latino'." The Census Bureau defines "Hispanic or Latino" as "a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race." For discussion of the meaning and scope of the Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, see the Hispanic and Latino Americans and Racial and ethnic demographics of the United States articles.
qas: answers: text: a minimum of two
question: How many ethnicities or federal agencies required to use in data collection?

answers: text: Hispanic or Latino
question: How would a person of Cuban origin be listed by the US Census Bureau?

answers: text: Not Hispanic or Latino
question: Aside from Hispanic or Latino, what other ethnicity are federal agencies required to use?

answers: text: Hispanic or Latino
question: In which ethnic category would a person of Mexican origin be listed by the US Census Bureau?

answers: text: Hispanic or Latino
question: In what ethnic category would a person from Puerto Rico to be listed in the United States Census?