Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

context: The stated clauses of the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact were a guarantee of non-belligerence by each party towards the other, and a written commitment that neither party would ally itself to, or aid, an enemy of the other party. In addition to stipulations of non-aggression, the treaty included a secret protocol that divided territories of Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland into German and Soviet "spheres of influence", anticipating potential "territorial and political rearrangements" of these countries. Thereafter, Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939. After the Soviet–Japanese ceasefire agreement took effect on 16 September, Stalin ordered his own invasion of Poland on 17 September. Part of southeastern (Karelia) and Salla region in Finland were annexed by the Soviet Union after the Winter War. This was followed by Soviet annexations of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and parts of Romania (Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina, and the Hertza region). Concern about ethnic Ukrainians and Belarusians had been proffered as justification for the Soviet invasion of Poland. Stalin's invasion of Bukovina in 1940 violated the pact, as it went beyond the Soviet sphere of influence agreed with the Axis.
qas: answers: text: Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland
question: The agreement between the Nazis and the Soviets split what countries up?

answers: text: Soviet
question: Who invaded Poland after the Nazi’s?

answers: text: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and parts of Romania
question: Which countries were taken over by the Soviets?

answers: text: Stalin
question: Who broke the agreement with the invasion of Bukovina?

answers: text: Finland
question: Salla is located in what country?

context: Of the territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union between 1939 and 1940, the region around Białystok and a minor part of Galicia east of the San river around Przemyśl were returned to the Polish state at the end of World War II. Of all other territories annexed by the USSR in 1939–40, the ones detached from Finland (Karelia, Petsamo), Estonia (Ingrian area and Petseri County) and Latvia (Abrene) remained part of the Russian Federation, the successor state of the Soviet Union, after 1991. Northern Bukovina, Southern Bessarabia and Hertza remain part of Ukraine.
qas: answers: text: Polish state
question: The regions of Białystok, Galicia and Przemyśl were returned to what country after world war II?

answers: text: (Karelia, Petsamo), Estonia (Ingrian area and Petseri County) and Latvia (Abrene) remained part of the Russian Federation
question: What regions remained part of the Soviet Union?

answers: text: Northern Bukovina, Southern Bessarabia and Hertza
question: After World War II, what regions remain part of Ukraine?

context: The outcome of the First World War was disastrous for both the German Reich and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. During the war, the Bolsheviks struggled for survival, and Vladimir Lenin recognised the independence of Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland. Moreover, facing a German military advance, Lenin and Trotsky were forced to enter into the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which ceded massive western Russian territories to the German Empire. After Germany's collapse, a multinational Allied-led army intervened in the Russian Civil War (1917–22).
qas: answers: text: Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland.
question: Lenin acknowledged the independence of which countries?

answers: text: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
question: What agreement gave Germany many regions of Russia in the first world war?

answers: text: 1917–22
question: When did the russian civil war take place?

context: At the beginning of the 1930s, the Nazi Party's rise to power increased tensions between Germany and the Soviet Union along with other countries with ethnic Slavs, who were considered "Untermenschen" (inferior) according to Nazi racial ideology. Moreover, the anti-Semitic Nazis associated ethnic Jews with both communism and financial capitalism, both of which they opposed. Consequently, Nazi theory held that Slavs in the Soviet Union were being ruled by "Jewish Bolshevik" masters. In 1934, Hitler himself had spoken of an inescapable battle against both Pan-Slavism and Neo-Slavism, the victory in which would lead to "permanent mastery of the world", though he stated that they would "walk part of the road with the Russians, if that will help us." The resulting manifestation of German anti-Bolshevism and an increase in Soviet foreign debts caused German–Soviet trade to dramatically decline.[b] Imports of Soviet goods to Germany fell to 223 million Reichsmarks in 1934 as the more isolationist Stalinist regime asserted power and the abandonment of post–World War I Treaty of Versailles military controls decreased Germany's reliance on Soviet imports.[clarification needed]
qas: answers: text: ethnic Jews
question: Who was to blame for communism and capitalism?

answers: text: Treaty of Versailles
question: What reduced Germany’s need for Soviet goods?

answers: text: Nazi Party
question: Which political group created problems between the Soviet and German governments?

context: Hitler's fierce anti-Soviet rhetoric was one of the reasons why the UK and France decided that Soviet participation in the 1938 Munich Conference regarding Czechoslovakia would be both dangerous and useless. The Munich Agreement that followed marked a partial German annexation of Czechoslovakia in late 1938 followed by its complete dissolution in March 1939, which as part of the appeasement of Germany conducted by Chamberlain's and Daladier's cabinets. This policy immediately raised the question of whether the Soviet Union could avoid being next on Hitler's list. The Soviet leadership believed that the West wanted to encourage German aggression in the East and that France and Britain might stay neutral in a war initiated by Germany, hoping that the warring states would wear each other out and put an end to both the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany.
qas: answers: text: UK and France
question: What countries prevented the Soviets from joining the Munich Conference?

answers: text: Chamberlain
question: Who was the English politician who appeased Germany with the take over of Czechoslovakia

answers: text: put an end to both the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany
question: The soviets suspected that Nazi-Soviet conflicts would result in what?

context: For Germany, because an autarkic economic approach or an alliance with Britain were impossible, closer relations with the Soviet Union to obtain raw materials became necessary, if not just for economic reasons alone. Moreover, an expected British blockade in the event of war would create massive shortages for Germany in a number of key raw materials. After the Munich agreement, the resulting increase in German military supply needs and Soviet demands for military machinery, talks between the two countries occurred from late 1938 to March 1939. The third Soviet Five Year Plan required new infusions of technology and industrial equipment.[clarification needed] German war planners had estimated serious shortfalls of raw materials if Germany entered a war without Soviet supply.
qas: answers: text: British blockade
question: During conflict, what would prevent transport of materials?

answers: text: military machinery
question: Between german and the soviet union which country needed military machinery? 

answers: text: Germany
question: Who believed they needed a supply line from the Soviet Union to sustain another war? 

context: The Soviet Union, which feared Western powers and the possibility of "capitalist encirclements", had little faith either that war could be avoided, or faith in the Polish army, and wanted nothing less than an ironclad military alliance with France and Britain that would provide a guaranteed support for a two-pronged attack on Germany; thus, Stalin's adherence to the collective security line was purely conditional. Britain and France believed that war could still be avoided, and that the Soviet Union, weakened by the Great Purge, could not be a main military participant, a point that many military sources were at variance with, especially Soviet victories over the Japanese Kwantung army on the Manchurian frontier. France was more anxious to find an agreement with the USSR than was Britain; as a continental power, it was more willing to make concessions, more fearful of the dangers of an agreement between the USSR and Germany. These contrasting attitudes partly explain why the USSR has often been charged with playing a double game in 1939: carrying on open negotiations for an alliance with Britain and France while secretly considering propositions from Germany.
qas: answers: text: capitalist encirclements
question: Why did the Soviet government fear the governments of France and Britain?

answers: text: Great Purge
question: Why did western power believe that the soviet government wouldn’t partake in another world war?

answers: text: Soviet Union
question: What country was at war with Japan in China prior to World War II?

answers: text: France
question: Who was afraid of a pact between Germany and the Soviet governments?

context: By the end of May, drafts were formally presented. In mid-June, the main Tripartite negotiations started. The discussion was focused on potential guarantees to central and east European countries should a German aggression arise. The USSR proposed to consider that a political turn towards Germany by the Baltic states would constitute an "indirect aggression" towards the Soviet Union. Britain opposed such proposals, because they feared the Soviets' proposed language could justify a Soviet intervention in Finland and the Baltic states, or push those countries to seek closer relations with Germany. The discussion about a definition of "indirect aggression" became one of the sticking points between the parties, and by mid-July, the tripartite political negotiations effectively stalled, while the parties agreed to start negotiations on a military agreement, which the Soviets insisted must be entered into simultaneously with any political agreement.
qas: answers: text: Britain
question: Who predicted soviet aggression in the Baltic region?

answers: text: mid-June
question: What month did the Tripartite discussions begin between Britain, USSR and France?

answers: text: the Soviets
question: Which country is blamed for the Tripartite discussion to stagnate and fail?

context: From April–July, Soviet and German officials made statements regarding the potential for the beginning of political negotiations, while no actual negotiations took place during that time period. The ensuing discussion of a potential political deal between Germany and the Soviet Union had to be channeled into the framework of economic negotiations between the two countries, because close military and diplomatic connections, as was the case before the mid-1930s, had afterward been largely severed. In May, Stalin replaced his Foreign Minister Maxim Litvinov, who was regarded as pro-western and who was also Jewish, with Vyacheslav Molotov, allowing the Soviet Union more latitude in discussions with more parties, not only with Britain and France.
qas: answers: text: Maxim Litvinov
question: Which Soviet Foreign Minister lost his job because of his favorable attitude towards the west?

answers: text: Soviet and German
question: Which two countries positioned themselves to broker a deal returning to a pre-1930’s treaty with each other?

answers: text: Germany and the Soviet Union
question: Which two countries positioned themselves to broker an new trade agreement?

context: At the same time, British, French, and Soviet negotiators scheduled three-party talks on military matters to occur in Moscow in August 1939, aiming to define what the agreement would specify should be the reaction of the three powers to a German attack. The tripartite military talks, started in mid-August, hit a sticking point regarding the passage of Soviet troops through Poland if Germans attacked, and the parties waited as British and French officials overseas pressured Polish officials to agree to such terms. Polish officials refused to allow Soviet troops into Polish territory if Germany attacked; as Polish foreign minister Józef Beck pointed out, they feared that once the Red Army entered their territories, it might never leave.
qas: answers: text: Moscow
question: In what city did the tripartite military talks occur during the month of August?

answers: text: once the Red Army entered their territories, it might never leave.
question: Why did Poland deny the proposal of the Soviet Union protecting them from a German Attack?

answers: text: Poland
question: Who did not want their country protected by the Soviet military?

context: On August 19, the 1939 German–Soviet Commercial Agreement was finally signed. On 21 August, the Soviets suspended Tripartite military talks, citing other reasons. That same day, Stalin received assurance that Germany would approve secret protocols to the proposed non-aggression pact that would place half of Poland (border along the Vistula river), Latvia, Estonia, Finland, and Bessarabia in the Soviets' sphere of influence. That night, Stalin replied that the Soviets were willing to sign the pact and that he would receive Ribbentrop on 23 August.
qas: answers: text: Vistula river
question: What was the German-Soviet dividing line in regards to annexing Poland?

answers: text: 2
question: How many days after the German-Soviet agreement were the Tripartite discussions ceased?

answers: text: Latvia, Estonia, Finland, and Bessarabia
question: What other countries did the Soviet government agree to annex through the agreement with Germany?

context: On 22 August, one day after the talks broke down with France and Britain, Moscow revealed that Ribbentrop would visit Stalin the next day. This happened while the Soviets were still negotiating with the British and French missions in Moscow. With the Western nations unwilling to accede to Soviet demands, Stalin instead entered a secret Nazi–Soviet pact. On 24 August a 10-year non-aggression pact was signed with provisions that included: consultation, arbitration if either party disagreed, neutrality if either went to war against a third power, no membership of a group "which is directly or indirectly aimed at the other".
qas: answers: text: Ribbentrop
question: Which Foreign Minister would agree to meet with Stalin on to sign a secret agreement? 

answers: text: 10-year
question: How long was the secret agreement between Germany and the Soviets?

answers: text: either went to war against a third power
question: Part of the secret agreement between the Germans and the Soviets included a neutral diplomatic approach when?

context: Most notably, there was also a secret protocol to the pact, revealed only after Germany's defeat in 1945, although hints about its provisions were leaked much earlier, e.g., to influence Lithuania. According to said protocol Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Finland were divided into German and Soviet "spheres of influence". In the north, Finland, Estonia and Latvia were assigned to the Soviet sphere. Poland was to be partitioned in the event of its "political rearrangement"—the areas east of the Pisa, Narev, Vistula and San rivers going to the Soviet Union while Germany would occupy the west. Lithuania, adjacent to East Prussia, would be in the German sphere of influence, although a second secret protocol agreed to in September 1939 reassigned the majority of Lithuania to the USSR. According to the secret protocol, Lithuania would be granted the city of Vilnius – its historical capital, which was under Polish control during the inter-war period. Another clause of the treaty was that Germany would not interfere with the Soviet Union's actions towards Bessarabia, then part of Romania; as the result, Bessarabia was joined to the Moldovan ASSR, and become the Moldovan SSR under control of Moscow.
qas: answers: text: Lithuania
question: What country held the city Vilnius prior to the inter-war period? 

answers: text: Lithuania
question: What country would reclaim the city of Vilnius?

answers: text: Pisa, Narev, Vistula and San rivers
question: What rivers would the soviet union claim as their own during the invasion of poland?

answers: text: German
question: Who would claim Lithuania under their political umbrella?

answers: text: Soviet Union
question: Bessarabia eventually became under the control of which country?

context: On 24 August, Pravda and Izvestia carried news of the non-secret portions of the Pact, complete with the now infamous front-page picture of Molotov signing the treaty, with a smiling Stalin looking on. The news was met with utter shock and surprise by government leaders and media worldwide, most of whom were aware only of the British–French–Soviet negotiations that had taken place for months. The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact was received with shock by Nazi Germany's allies, notably Japan, by the Comintern and foreign communist parties, and by Jewish communities all around the world. So, that day, German diplomat Hans von Herwarth, whose grandmother was Jewish, informed Guido Relli, an Italian diplomat, and American chargé d'affaires Charles Bohlen on the secret protocol regarding vital interests in the countries' allotted "spheres of influence", without revealing the annexation rights for "territorial and political rearrangement".
qas: answers: text: Hans von Herwarth
question: Which diplomat leaked information about the secret agreements?

answers: text: Japan
question: Which ally of Germany was most surprised by the signing of the agreement?

answers: text: place for months
question: How long had the tripartite discussions been taking place?

context: Soviet propaganda and representatives went to great lengths to minimize the importance of the fact that they had opposed and fought against the Nazis in various ways for a decade prior to signing the Pact. Upon signing the pact, Molotov tried to reassure the Germans of his good intentions by commenting to journalists that "fascism is a matter of taste". For its part, Nazi Germany also did a public volte-face regarding its virulent opposition to the Soviet Union, though Hitler still viewed an attack on the Soviet Union as "inevitable".[citation needed]
qas: answers: text: Molotov
question: Who downplayed the contrast and recent past history between German and the Soviets?

answers: text: a decade
question: How long did the anti-Nazi propaganda machine run before the pact-signing?

answers: text: Hitler
question: A war with the USSR was considered certain according to whom?

context: The day after the Pact was signed, the French and British military negotiation delegation urgently requested a meeting with Soviet military negotiator Kliment Voroshilov. On August 25, Voroshilov told them "[i]n view of the changed political situation, no useful purpose can be served in continuing the conversation." That day, Hitler told the British ambassador to Berlin that the pact with the Soviets prevented Germany from facing a two front war, changing the strategic situation from that in World War I, and that Britain should accept his demands regarding Poland.
qas: answers: text: no useful purpose
question: What was the response of  Kliment Voroshilov in regards to further conversations with Britain and France?

answers: text: Britain
question: Who should accept the annexation of Poland?

answers: text: facing a two front war
question: By accepting the deal with the USSR, Hitler admitted that it prevented what?

context: On 1 September, Germany invaded Poland from the west. Within the first few days of the invasion, Germany began conducting massacres of Polish and Jewish civilians and POWs. These executions took place in over 30 towns and villages in the first month of German occupation. The Luftwaffe also took part by strafing fleeing civilian refugees on roads and carrying out a bombing campaign. The Soviet Union assisted German air forces by allowing them to use signals broadcast by the Soviet radio station at Minsk allegedly "for urgent aeronautical experiments".
qas: answers: text: signals broadcast by the Soviet radio
question: How did the Russians communicate to the Germans in regards to bombing civilians trying to flee cities?

answers: text: 1 September
question: What day did German invade Poland?

answers: text: month
question: How long did the Germans massacre Polish and Jewish civilians? 

context: On 21 September, the Soviets and Germans signed a formal agreement coordinating military movements in Poland, including the "purging" of saboteurs. A joint German–Soviet parade was held in Lvov and Brest-Litovsk, while the countries commanders met in the latter location. Stalin had decided in August that he was going to liquidate the Polish state, and a German–Soviet meeting in September addressed the future structure of the "Polish region". Soviet authorities immediately started a campaign of Sovietization of the newly acquired areas. The Soviets organized staged elections, the result of which was to become a legitimization of Soviet annexation of eastern Poland.
qas: answers: text: legitimization of Soviet annexation of eastern Poland
question: Why did Soviets create fake elections in Poland?

answers: text: Brest-Litovsk
question: Where did the Nazi and Russian leaders meet to discuss what to do with Poland?

answers: text: Lvov and Brest-Litovsk
question: Where were cooperative military parades held?

context: Eleven days after the Soviet invasion of the Polish Kresy, the secret protocol of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact was modified by the German–Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Demarcation,) allotting Germany a larger part of Poland and transferring Lithuania's territory (with the exception of left bank of river Scheschupe, the "Lithuanian Strip") from the envisioned German sphere to the Soviets. On 28 September 1939, the Soviet Union and German Reich issued a joint declaration in which they declared:
qas: answers: text: Germany
question: After amending the joint agreement, who received the larger portion of Lithuania?

answers: text: German–Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Demarcation
question: What was the amended joint agreement called?

answers: text: Eleven days
question: How long after the annexation of Kresy was the amendment made?

context: After the Baltic states were forced to accept treaties, Stalin turned his sights on Finland, confident that Finnish capitulation could be attained without great effort. The Soviets demanded territories on the Karelian Isthmus, the islands of the Gulf of Finland and a military base near the Finnish capital Helsinki, which Finland rejected. The Soviets staged the shelling of Mainila and used it as a pretext to withdraw from the non-aggression pact. The Red Army attacked in November 1939. Simultaneously, Stalin set up a puppet government in the Finnish Democratic Republic.[clarification needed] The leader of the Leningrad Military District Andrei Zhdanov commissioned a celebratory piece from Dmitri Shostakovich, entitled "Suite on Finnish Themes" to be performed as the marching bands of the Red Army would be parading through Helsinki. After Finnish defenses surprisingly held out for over three months while inflicting stiff losses on Soviet forces, the Soviets settled for an interim peace. Finland ceded southeastern areas of Karelia (10% of Finnish territory), which resulted in approximately 422,000 Karelians (12% of Finland's population) losing their homes. Soviet official casualty counts in the war exceeded 200,000, although Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev later claimed the casualties may have been one million.
qas: answers: text: Finnish Democratic Republic
question: The Soviets took over and setup a fake government in what country?

answers: text: over three months
question: How long did the Finnish military last during the invasion by the soviets?

answers: text: Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev
question: Although officially, the number of soviets wounded during the invasion of finland was around 200,000, who said the real numbers may have been closer to a million?

answers: text: 422,000
question: How many Finnish people lost their homes?

context: In mid-June 1940, when international attention was focused on the German invasion of France, Soviet NKVD troops raided border posts in Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia. State administrations were liquidated and replaced by Soviet cadres, in which 34,250 Latvians, 75,000 Lithuanians and almost 60,000 Estonians were deported or killed. Elections were held with single pro-Soviet candidates listed for many positions, with resulting peoples assemblies immediately requesting admission into the USSR, which was granted by the Soviet Union. The USSR annexed the whole of Lithuania, including the Scheschupe area, which was to be given to Germany.
qas: answers: text: Soviet NKVD
question: Who invaded the countries of Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia? 

answers: text: Scheschupe area
question: What region of Lithuania was to be turned over to the Nazis?

answers: text: Latvia
question: Of the three countries invaded, which lost the least amount of people through deportation or loss of life?

answers: text: Elections were held with single pro-Soviet candidates
question: How did these countries become part of the USSR?

context: Finally, on 26 June, four days after France sued for an armistice with the Third Reich, the Soviet Union issued an ultimatum demanding Bessarabia and, unexpectedly, Northern Bukovina from Romania. Two days later, the Romanians caved to the Soviet demands and the Soviets occupied the territory. The Hertza region was initially not requested by the USSR but was later occupied by force after the Romanians agreed to the initial Soviet demands. The subsequent waves of deportations began in Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina.
qas: answers: text: 6
question: How many days after France sued for peace did the Romanians meet the requests of the USSR?

answers: text: June
question: What month did France sue for peace?

answers: text: Two days
question: How many days did it take for the Romanians give into the Soviets requests?

context: Elimination of Polish elites and intelligentia was part of Generalplan Ost. The Intelligenzaktion, a plan to eliminate the Polish intelligentsia, Poland's 'leadership class', took place soon after the German invasion of Poland, lasting from fall of 1939 till spring of 1940. As the result of this operation in 10 regional actions about 60,000 Polish nobles, teachers, social workers, priests, judges and political activists were killed. It was continued in May 1940 when Germany launched AB-Aktion, More than 16,000 members of the intelligentsia were murdered in Operation Tannenberg alone.
qas: answers: text: Polish nobles, teachers, social workers, priests, judges and political activists
question: Who were the “intelligentia?” 

answers: text: fall of 1939 till spring of 1940
question: How long did liquidation occur?

answers: text: 16,000 members
question:  How many intelligentia were killed during operation AB-Akiton?

context: Although Germany used forced labourers in most occupied countries, Poles and other Slavs were viewed as inferior by Nazi propaganda, thus, better suited for such duties. Between 1 and 2.5 million Polish citizens were transported to the Reich for forced labour, against their will. All Polish males were required to perform forced labour. While ethnic Poles were subject to selective persecution, all ethnic Jews were targeted by the Reich. In the winter of 1939–40, about 100,000 Jews were thus deported to Poland. They were initially gathered into massive urban ghettos, such as 380,000 held in the Warsaw Ghetto, where large numbers died under the harsh conditions therein, including 43,000 in the Warsaw Ghetto alone. Poles and ethnic Jews were imprisoned in nearly every camp of the extensive concentration camp system in German-occupied Poland and the Reich. In Auschwitz, which began operating on 14 June 1940, 1.1 million people died.
qas: answers: text: 380,000
question: How many Jews were forced to live within the Warsaw Ghetto? 

answers: text: 43,000
question: How many Jews died in the Warsa Ghetto?

answers: text: Poles and other Slavs
question: Which group of people were considered inferior?

answers: text: Between 1 and 2.5 million Polish citizens
question: How many Polish people were used in labor camps?

answers: text: 1.1 million people
question: How many people are believed to have died in Auschwitz?

context: On 10 January 1941, Germany and the Soviet Union signed an agreement settling several ongoing issues. Secret protocols in the new agreement modified the "Secret Additional Protocols" of the German–Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty, ceding the Lithuanian Strip to the Soviet Union in exchange for 7.5 million dollars (31.5 million Reichsmark). The agreement formally set the border between Germany and the Soviet Union between the Igorka river and the Baltic Sea. It also extended trade regulation of the 1940 German–Soviet Commercial Agreement until August 1, 1942, increased deliveries above the levels of year one of that agreement, settled trading rights in the Baltics and Bessarabia, calculated the compensation for German property interests in the Baltic States now occupied by the Soviets and other issues. It also covered the migration to Germany within two and a half months of ethnic Germans and German citizens in Soviet-held Baltic territories, and the migration to the Soviet Union of Baltic and "White Russian" "nationals" in German-held territories.
qas: answers: text: 7.5 million dollars (31.5 million Reichsmark)
question: How much did the transfer of the Lithuanian Strip cost the Soviet Union?

answers: text: two and a half months
question: How long did germans have to relocate from the baltic states after the amendment of secret protocols?

answers: text: two and a half months
question: How long did the Russians have to relocate from the german occupied regions?

answers: text: until August 1, 1942
question: How long did the amendment extend the trade agreements?

context: Before the pact's announcement, Communists in the West denied that such a treaty would be signed. Future member of the Hollywood Ten Herbert Biberman denounced rumors as "Fascist propaganda". Earl Browder, head of the Communist Party USA, stated that "there is as much chance of agreement as of Earl Browder being elected president of the Chamber of Commerce." Beginning in September 1939, the Soviet Comintern suspended all anti-Nazi and anti-fascist propaganda, explaining that the war in Europe was a matter of capitalist states attacking each other for imperialist purposes. Western Communists acted accordingly; while before they supported protecting collective security, now they denounced Britain and France going to war.
qas: answers: text: Herbert Biberman
question: Who was part of Hollywood Ten?

answers: text: Earl Browder
question: Who was the leader of the American communist party?

answers: text: Western Communists
question: Who protested the involvement of Britain and France in a war with Germany?

context: When anti-German demonstrations erupted in Prague, Czechoslovakia, the Comintern ordered the Czech Communist Party to employ all of its strength to paralyze "chauvinist elements." Moscow soon forced the Communist Parties of France and Great Britain to adopt an anti-war position. On 7 September, Stalin called Georgi Dimitrov,[clarification needed] and the latter sketched a new Comintern line on the war. The new line—which stated that the war was unjust and imperialist—was approved by the secretariat of the Communist International on 9 September. Thus, the various western Communist parties now had to oppose the war, and to vote against war credits. Although the French Communists had unanimously voted in Parliament for war credits on 2 September and on 19 September declared their "unshakeable will" to defend the country, on 27 September the Comintern formally instructed the party to condemn the war as imperialist. By 1 October the French Communists advocated listening to German peace proposals, and Communist leader Maurice Thorez deserted from the French Army on 4 October and fled to Russia. Other Communists also deserted from the army.
qas: answers: text: the war was unjust and imperialist
question: The western communists new rhetoric was that the war was? 

answers: text: the war was unjust and imperialist
question: The western communists claimed the war was what?

answers: text: war credits
question: French communists voted for what?

answers: text: fled to Russia
question: Where did Maurice Thorez go after deserting the Army?

context: The Communist Party of Germany featured similar attitudes. In Die Welt, a communist newspaper published in Stockholm[e] the exiled communist leader Walter Ulbricht opposed the allies (Britain representing "the most reactionary force in the world") and argued: "The German government declared itself ready for friendly relations with the Soviet Union, whereas the English–French war bloc desires a war against the socialist Soviet Union. The Soviet people and the working people of Germany have an interest in preventing the English war plan."
qas: answers: text: English–French war bloc
question: Who wanted war with the Soviet Union?

answers: text: German government
question: Who publicly wanted peace with Soviet Union

answers: text: the most reactionary force in the world
question: The British army was considered to be what by Walter Ulbricbht?

context: When a joint German–Soviet peace initiative was rejected by Britain and France on 28 September 1939, Soviet foreign policy became critical of the Allies and more pro-German in turn. During the fifth session of the Supreme Soviet on 31 October 1939 Molotov analysed the international situation thus giving the direction for Communist propaganda. According to Molotov Germany had a legitimate interest in regaining its position as a great power and the Allies had started an aggressive war in order to maintain the Versailles system.
qas: answers: text: Britain and France
question: Who refused a German-Soviet peace plan?

answers: text: to maintain the Versailles system.
question: Why was the west creating a war?

answers: text: Molotov
question: Who provides rhetoric points for the Soviet propaganda?

context: Molotov declared in his report entitled "On the Foreign Policy of the Soviet Union" (31 October 1939) held on the fifth (extraordinary) session of the Supreme Soviet, that the Western "ruling circles" disguise their intentions with the pretext of defending democracy against Hitlerism, declaring "their aim in war with Germany is nothing more, nothing less than extermination of Hitlerism. [...] There is absolutely no justification for this kind of war. The ideology of Hitlerism, just like any other ideological system, can be accepted or rejected, this is a matter of political views. But everyone grasps, that an ideology can not be exterminated by force, must not be finished off with a war."
qas: answers: text: On the Foreign Policy of the Soviet Union
question: What was the title of Molotov’s report called?

answers: text: extermination of Hitlerism
question: According to Molotov, what was the goal of the west?

answers: text: defending democracy
question: Under what guise does the west perform their international policing?

context: Germany and the Soviet Union entered an intricate trade pact on February 11, 1940, that was over four times larger than the one the two countries had signed in August 1939. The trade pact helped Germany to surmount a British blockade of Germany. In the first year, Germany received one million tons of cereals, half a million tons of wheat, 900,000 tons of oil, 100,000 tons of cotton, 500,000 tons of phosphates and considerable amounts of other vital raw materials, along with the transit of one million tons of soybeans from Manchuria.[citation needed] These and other supplies were being transported through Soviet and occupied Polish territories. The Soviets were to receive a naval cruiser, the plans to the battleship Bismarck, heavy naval guns, other naval gear and thirty of Germany's latest warplanes, including the Me-109 and Me-110 fighters and Ju-88 bomber. The Soviets would also receive oil and electric equipment, locomotives, turbines, generators, diesel engines, ships, machine tools and samples of German artillery, tanks, explosives, chemical-warfare equipment and other items.
qas: answers: text: was over four times larger
question: How much more expansive was the newest trade agreement?

answers: text: occupied Polish territories
question: What was the trade route between german and the soviet union?

answers: text: Manchuria
question: Where were the soybeans coming from?

answers: text: the battleship Bismarck
question:  What famous ship was the soviet union getting the plans for?

answers: text: thirty
question: How many new airplanes were the soviets getting in this agreement?

context: The Soviets also helped Germany to avoid British naval blockades by providing a submarine base, Basis Nord, in the northern Soviet Union near Murmansk. This also provided a refueling and maintenance location, and a takeoff point for raids and attacks on shipping. In addition, the Soviets provided Germany with access to the Northern Sea Route for both cargo ships and raiders (though only the commerce raider Komet used the route before the German invasion), which forced Britain to protect sea lanes in both the Atlantic and the Pacific.
qas: answers: text: a submarine base
question: What did the Germans use to avoid British blockades?

answers: text: northern Soviet Union near Murmansk
question: Where was the sub base located?

answers: text: both the Atlantic and the Pacific
question: Which oceans did the sub base provide access to?

context: The Finnish and Baltic invasions began a deterioration of relations between the Soviets and Germany. Stalin's invasions were a severe irritant to Berlin, as the intent to accomplish these was not communicated to the Germans beforehand, and prompted concern that Stalin was seeking to form an anti-German bloc. Molotov's reassurances to the Germans, and the Germans' mistrust, intensified. On June 16, as the Soviets invaded Lithuania, but before they had invaded Latvia and Estonia, Ribbentrop instructed his staff "to submit a report as soon as possible as to whether in the Baltic States a tendency to seek support from the Reich can be observed or whether an attempt was made to form a bloc."
qas: answers: text: Ribbentrop
question: Who wanted to know the moment an anti-german bloc was to form?

answers: text: Stalin's invasions were a severe irritant
question: Why did the Germans distrust the soviet agenda?

answers: text: Stalin's invasions were a severe irritant to Berlin
question: What caused distrust between the German and Soviet governments?

context: In August 1940, the Soviet Union briefly suspended its deliveries under their commercial agreement after their relations were strained following disagreement over policy in Romania, the Soviet war with Finland, Germany falling behind in its deliveries of goods under the pact and with Stalin worried that Hitler's war with the West might end quickly after France signed an armistice. The suspension created significant resource problems for Germany. By the end of August, relations improved again as the countries had redrawn the Hungarian and Romanian borders, settled some Bulgarian claims and Stalin was again convinced that Germany would face a long war in the west with Britain's improvement in its air battle with Germany and the execution of an agreement between the United States and Britain regarding destroyers and bases. However, in late August, Germany arranged its own occupation of Romania, targeting oil fields. The move raised tensions with the Soviets, who responded that Germany was supposed to have consulted with the Soviet Union under Article III of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact.
qas: answers: text: Soviet Union
question: Who stopped the trade because of a disagreement involving Romania?

answers: text: Hungarian and Romanian borders
question: What regions were redrawn in effort to improve relations between Germany and the Soviets?

answers: text: Germany
question: Who started refining Romanian oil?

context: After Germany entered a Tripartite Pact with Japan and Italy, Ribbentrop wrote to Stalin, inviting Molotov to Berlin for negotiations aimed to create a 'continental bloc' of Germany, Italy, Japan and the USSR that would oppose Britain and the USA. Stalin sent Molotov to Berlin to negotiate the terms for the Soviet Union to join the Axis and potentially enjoy the spoils of the pact. After negotiations during November 1940 on where to extend the USSR's sphere of influence, Hitler broke off talks and continued planning for the eventual attempts to invade the Soviet Union.
qas: answers: text: Germany entered a Tripartite Pact with Japan and Italy
question: What countries agreed to a tripartisan agreement?

answers: text: Ribbentrop
question: Which Foreign Minister proposed that the Soviets should join this agreement of axis powers?

answers: text: Britain and the USA
question: Who would the axis powers oppose in the new agreement?

context: In an effort to demonstrate peaceful intentions toward Germany, on 13 April 1941, the Soviets signed a neutrality pact with Axis power Japan. While Stalin had little faith in Japan's commitment to neutrality, he felt that the pact was important for its political symbolism, to reinforce a public affection for Germany. Stalin felt that there was a growing split in German circles about whether Germany should initiate a war with the Soviet Union. Stalin did not know that Hitler had been secretly discussing an invasion of the Soviet Union since summer 1940, and that Hitler had ordered his military in late 1940 to prepare for war in the east regardless of the parties' talks of a potential Soviet entry as a fourth Axis Power.
qas: answers: text: Hitler
question: Who was planning an invasion of the Soviet Union?

answers: text: Japan
question: Who did the Soviet Union agree to remain neutral with when they signed a treaty on the 13th of April?

answers: text: reinforce a public affection for Germany
question: Why did Stalin sign the pact? 

context: Nazi Germany terminated the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact at 03:15 on 22 June 1941 by launching a massive attack on the Soviet positions in eastern Poland which marked the beginning of the invasion of the Soviet Union known as Operation Barbarossa. Stalin had ignored several warnings that Germany was likely to invade, and ordered no 'full-scale' mobilization of forces although the mobilization was ongoing. After the launch of the invasion, the territories gained by the Soviet Union as a result of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact were lost in a matter of weeks. Within six months, the Soviet military had suffered 4.3 million casualties, and Germany had captured three million Soviet prisoners. The lucrative export of Soviet raw materials to Nazi Germany over the course of the Nazi–Soviet economic relations (1934–41) continued uninterrupted until the outbreak of hostilities. The Soviet exports in several key areas enabled Germany to maintain its stocks of rubber and grain from the first day of the invasion until October 1941.
qas: answers: text: Soviet positions in eastern Poland
question: Where did the German attack on Soviet forces occur?

answers: text: 4.3 million casualties
question: How many Soviet military members died within the first six months of the war between the two countries?

answers: text: three million Soviet prisoners
question: How many Soviet prisoners did german take within the first six months of war between the two countries?

answers: text: matter of weeks
question: How long did it take to capture regions of the world that were once occupied by soviets once the initial attack occurred?

context: The German original of the secret protocols was presumably destroyed in the bombing of Germany, but in late 1943, Ribbentrop had ordered that the most secret records of the German Foreign Office from 1933 on, amounting to some 9,800 pages, be microfilmed. When the various departments of the Foreign Office in Berlin were evacuated to Thuringia at the end of the war, Karl von Loesch, a civil servant who had worked for the chief interpreter Paul Otto Schmidt, was entrusted with these microfilm copies. He eventually received orders to destroy the secret documents but decided to bury the metal container with the microfilms as a personal insurance for his future well-being. In May 1945, von Loesch approached the British Lt. Col. Robert C. Thomson with the request to transmit a personal letter to Duncan Sandys, Churchill's son-in-law. In the letter, von Loesch revealed that he had knowledge of the documents' whereabouts but expected preferential treatment in return. Colonel Thomson and his American counterpart Ralph Collins agreed to transfer von Loesch to Marburg in the American zone if he would produce the microfilms. The microfilms contained a copy of the Non-Aggression Treaty as well as the Secret Protocol. Both documents were discovered as part of the microfilmed records in August 1945 by the State Department employee Wendell B. Blancke, head of a special unit called "Exploitation German Archives" (EGA).
qas: answers: text: 9,800 pages
question: How many pages of secret documents were microfilmed?

answers: text: Exploitation German Archives
question: What did Wendell B. Blancke investigate at the end of the war?

answers: text: Thuringia
question: Near the end of the war, where the did some of the german command flee to?

answers: text: personal insurance for his future well-being
question: Why did Karl von Loesch bury the microfilm?

answers: text: the American zone
question: Where was Karl von Löesch transferred to after he turned over the documents?

context: The treaty was published in the United States for the first time by the St. Louis Post-Dispatch on May 22, 1946, in Britain by the Manchester Guardian. It was also part of an official State Department publication, Nazi–Soviet Relations 1939–1941, edited by Raymond J. Sontag and James S. Beddie in January 1948. The decision to publish the key documents on German–Soviet relations, including the treaty and protocol, had been taken already in spring 1947. Sontag and Beddie prepared the collection throughout the summer of 1947. In November 1947, President Truman personally approved the publication but it was held back in view of the Foreign Ministers Conference in London scheduled for December. Since negotiations at that conference did not prove constructive from an American point of view, the document edition was sent to press. The documents made headlines worldwide. State Department officials counted it as a success: "The Soviet Government was caught flat-footed in what was the first effective blow from our side in a clear-cut propaganda war."
qas: answers: text: the Manchester Guardian
question: Who printed the secret German-Soviet treaty in Britain?

answers: text: President Truman
question: Which world leader favored the publication of Nazi-Soviet Relations to be printed?

answers: text: London
question: Where was the Foreign Ministers conference held?

answers: text: Raymond J. Sontag and James S. Beddie
question: Who put the Nazi-Soviet Relations publication together?

answers: text: flat-footed
question: What was the description of the Soviet government in the world press in regards to the treaty and subsequent breaking of the treaty by germany?

context: In response to the publication of the secret protocols and other secret German–Soviet relations documents in the State Department edition Nazi–Soviet Relations (1948), Stalin published Falsifiers of History, which included the claim that, during the Pact's operation, Stalin rejected Hitler's claim to share in a division of the world, without mentioning the Soviet offer to join the Axis. That version persisted, without exception, in historical studies, official accounts, memoirs and textbooks published in the Soviet Union until the Soviet Union's dissolution.
qas: answers: text: 1948
question: What year was Joseph Stalin’s version of the pact published?

answers: text: Falsifiers of History
question: What was the Soviet response to the Nazi-Soviet Relations publication

answers: text: until the Soviet Union's dissolution
question: How long did Stalins version of what happened between the Germans and the Soviets last?

context: For decades, it was the official policy of the Soviet Union to deny the existence of the secret protocol to the Soviet–German Pact. At the behest of Mikhail Gorbachev, Alexander Nikolaevich Yakovlev headed a commission investigating the existence of such a protocol. In December 1989, the commission concluded that the protocol had existed and revealed its findings to the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union. As a result, the Congress passed the declaration confirming the existence of the secret protocols, condemning and denouncing them. Both successor-states of the pact parties have declared the secret protocols to be invalid from the moment they were signed. The Federal Republic of Germany declared this on September 1, 1989 and the Soviet Union on December 24, 1989, following an examination of the microfilmed copy of the German originals.
qas: answers: text: Mikhail Gorbachev, Alexander Nikolaevich Yakovlev
question: Who created an investigation into whether or not the Soviet-German Pact happened?

answers: text: Both successor-states of the pact parties
question: Which states have argued that the Soviet-German Pact was invalid from the inception?

answers: text: Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union
question: Which government agency received the news that the Soviet-German Pact had existed?

context: Regarding the timing of German rapprochement, many historians agree that the dismissal of Maxim Litvinov, whose Jewish ethnicity was viewed unfavorably by Nazi Germany, removed an obstacle to negotiations with Germany. Stalin immediately directed Molotov to "purge the ministry of Jews." Given Litvinov's prior attempts to create an anti-fascist coalition, association with the doctrine of collective security with France and Britain, and pro-Western orientation by the standards of the Kremlin, his dismissal indicated the existence of a Soviet option of rapprochement with Germany.[f] Likewise, Molotov's appointment served as a signal to Germany that the USSR was open to offers. The dismissal also signaled to France and Britain the existence of a potential negotiation option with Germany. One British official wrote that Litvinov's disappearance also meant the loss of an admirable technician or shock-absorber, while Molotov's "modus operandi" was "more truly Bolshevik than diplomatic or cosmopolitan." Carr argued that the Soviet Union's replacement of Foreign Minister Litvinov with Molotov on May 3, 1939 indicated not an irrevocable shift towards alignment with Germany, but rather was Stalin's way of engaging in hard bargaining with the British and the French by appointing a proverbial hard man, namely Molotov, to the Foreign Commissariat. Historian Albert Resis stated that the Litvinov dismissal gave the Soviets freedom to pursue faster-paced German negotiations, but that they did not abandon British–French talks. Derek Watson argued that Molotov could get the best deal with Britain and France because he was not encumbered with the baggage of collective security and could negotiate with Germany. Geoffrey Roberts argued that Litvinov's dismissal helped the Soviets with British–French talks, because Litvinov doubted or maybe even opposed such discussions.
qas: answers: text: Molotov
question: Who was ordered to remove the Jews from the Ministry?

answers: text: Stalin
question: Who gave the order to remove the Jews from the Ministry?

answers: text: Derek Watson
question: Who believed that the firing of Litvinov allowed the Soviets to quicker negotiations with Germany?

answers: text: Geoffrey Roberts
question: Who believed that the hiring of Molotov would result in a better deal with the western countries?

context: Edward Hallett Carr, a frequent defender of Soviet policy, stated: "In return for 'non-intervention' Stalin secured a breathing space of immunity from German attack."[page needed] According to Carr, the "bastion" created by means of the Pact, "was and could only be, a line of defense against potential German attack."[page needed] According to Carr, an important advantage was that "if Soviet Russia had eventually to fight Hitler, the Western Powers would already be involved."[page needed] However, during the last decades, this view has been disputed. Historian Werner Maser stated that "the claim that the Soviet Union was at the time threatened by Hitler, as Stalin supposed ... is a legend, to whose creators Stalin himself belonged. In Maser's view, "neither Germany nor Japan were in a situation [of] invading the USSR even with the least perspective  [sic] of success," and this could not have been unknown to Stalin. Carr further stated that, for a long time, the primary motive of Stalin's sudden change of course was assumed to be the fear of German aggressive intentions.
qas: answers: text: the Western Powers would already be involved
question: Edward Carr believes that in a war between Germany and the Soviet Union, who else would have been participating?

answers: text: Historian Werner Maser
question: Who believes that the Soviet Unions was afraid of Germany?

answers: text: a line of defense against
question: The pact according to Edward Carr’s view was to provide what between Germany and the Soviet Union?

context: Some critics of Stalin's policy, such as the popular writer Viktor Suvorov, claim that Stalin's primary motive for signing the Soviet–German non-aggression treaty was his calculation that such a pact could result in a conflict between the capitalist countries of Western Europe.[citation needed] This idea is supported by Albert L. Weeks.[page needed] Claims by Suvorov that Stalin planned to invade Germany in 1941 are debated by historians with, for example, David Glantz opposing such claims, while Mikhail Meltyukhov supports them.[citation needed] The authors of The Black Book of Communism consider the pact a crime against peace and a "conspiracy to conduct war of aggression."
qas: answers: text: Viktor Suvorov
question: Who was skeptical of Stalin’s policies?

answers: text: a "conspiracy to conduct war of aggression."
question: What is the claim the pact promoted, purported by the The Black Book of Communism?

answers: text: David Glantz
question: Who doesn’t believe that Joseph Stalin had plans to invade Germany?