Freemasonry

context: Relations between Grand Lodges are determined by the concept of Recognition. Each Grand Lodge maintains a list of other Grand Lodges that it recognises. When two Grand Lodges recognise and are in Masonic communication with each other, they are said to be in amity, and the brethren of each may visit each other's Lodges and interact Masonically. When two Grand Lodges are not in amity, inter-visitation is not allowed. There are many reasons why one Grand Lodge will withhold or withdraw recognition from another, but the two most common are Exclusive Jurisdiction and Regularity.
qas: answers: text: Recognition
question: What concept determines relationships between Grand Lodges?

answers: text: amity
question: What must two lodges be in, in order to inter-visit?

answers: text: Masonic communication
question: What, besides Recognition, must happen between two Grand Lodges in order for them to be considered in amity? 

answers: text: Exclusive Jurisdiction and Regularity
question: What can be causes of one Grand Lodge withdrawing Recognition from another?

answers: text: brethren
question: What are the members of a Grand Lodge called?

answers: text: amity
question: Gran Lodges are in what when they are in Masonic Communication with each other?

answers: text: Recognition
question: What concept is used to determine relations between Grand Lodges?

answers: text: a list
question: What does each Grand Lodge maintain?

answers: text: inter-visitation
question: What is not allowed when Grand Lodges are not in amity? 

answers: text: Exclusive Jurisdiction and Regularity
question: What are the two most common reasons one Grand Lodge will withhold recognition from another?

context: Since the middle of the 19th century, Masonic historians have sought the origins of the movement in a series of similar documents known as the Old Charges, dating from the Regius Poem in about 1425 to the beginning of the 18th century. Alluding to the membership of a lodge of operative masons, they relate a mythologised history of the craft, the duties of its grades, and the manner in which oaths of fidelity are to be taken on joining. The fifteenth century also sees the first evidence of ceremonial regalia.
qas: answers: text: The fifteenth century
question: When did ceremonial regalia first appear in the Masonic culture?

answers: text: middle of the 19th century
question: How long have historians been seeking information about the Masonic movement?

answers: text: fidelity
question: What kind of an oath do Masons take when they join?

answers: text: Regius Poem
question: What is the oldest written document about Freemasonary?

answers: text: 1425
question: When was the Regius Poem written?

answers: text: middle of the 19th century
question: When did Masonic historians star seeking the origins of the Masonic Movement?

answers: text: Old Charges
question: What are the old Masonic document referred as?

answers: text: about 1425 to the beginning of the 18th century
question: The Old Charges are dated from when to when?

answers: text: ceremonial regalia.
question: The fifteenth century also shows evidence of what in Masonic history?

answers: text: Old Charges
question: The duties of its grades is an example of what historic documents?

context: A dispute during the Lausanne Congress of Supreme Councils of 1875 prompted the Grand Orient de France to commission a report by a Protestant pastor which concluded that, as Freemasonry was not a religion, it should not require a religious belief. The new constitutions read, "Its principles are absolute liberty of conscience and human solidarity", the existence of God and the immortality of the soul being struck out. It is possible that the immediate objections of the United Grand Lodge of England were at least partly motivated by the political tension between France and Britain at the time. The result was the withdrawal of recognition of the Grand Orient of France by the United Grand Lodge of England, a situation that continues today.
qas: answers: text: Freemasonry was not a religion
question: Why did the Grand Orient de France conclude that Freemasonry shouldn't require religious belief?

answers: text: existence of God and the immortality of the soul
question: What was removed from the Freemasonry constitution?

answers: text: United Grand Lodge of England
question: Who withdrew recognition from the Grand Orient de France?

answers: text: political tension between France and Britain
question: What was a possible condition that made the United Grand Lodge of England withdraw it's recognition of the Grand Orient de France?

answers: text: Its principles are absolute liberty of conscience and human solidarity
question: How was the belief of the existance of God and the immortal soul replaced in the constitution?

answers: text: 1875
question: What year was it ruled that Freemasonry was not a religion?

answers: text: Grand Orient of France
question: What Grand Lodge had a withdrawal of recognition by the United Grand Lodge of England?

answers: text: political tension between France and Britain
question: What was a motivation of the Grand Lodge of England's objection?

answers: text: Grand Orient de France
question: Who disputed the Lausanne Congress of Supreme Councils?

context: At the dawn of the Grand Lodge era, during the 1720s, James Anderson composed the first printed constitutions for Freemasons, the basis for most subsequent constitutions, which specifically excluded women from Freemasonry. As Freemasonry spread, continental masons began to include their ladies in Lodges of Adoption, which worked three degrees with the same names as the men's but different content. The French officially abandoned the experiment in the early 19th century. Later organisations with a similar aim emerged in the United States, but distinguished the names of the degrees from those of male masonry.
qas: answers: text: during the 1720s
question: When were the first constitutions for Freemasonry printed?

answers: text: James Anderson
question: Who composed the first printed constitutions for Freemasonry?

answers: text: women
question: Which group was specifically excluded from Freemasonry in the printed constitutions?

answers: text: Lodges of Adoption
question: What was created for women as Freemasonry began to spread?

answers: text: early 19th century
question: When was the idea of the Lodges for Adoption abandoned?

answers: text: during the 1720s
question: When was the dawn of the Grand Lodge era?

answers: text: James Anderson
question: Who composed the first printed constitutions for Freemasons?

answers: text: women
question: Who is excluded from Freemasonry?

answers: text: Lodges of Adoption
question: What were lodges called that included women?

answers: text: The French
question: Who abandoned the including of women in Freemasonry experiment in the early 19'th century?

context: In contrast to Catholic allegations of rationalism and naturalism, Protestant objections are more likely to be based on allegations of mysticism, occultism, and even Satanism. Masonic scholar Albert Pike is often quoted (in some cases misquoted) by Protestant anti-Masons as an authority for the position of Masonry on these issues. However, Pike, although undoubtedly learned, was not a spokesman for Freemasonry and was also controversial among Freemasons in general. His writings represented his personal opinion only, and furthermore an opinion grounded in the attitudes and understandings of late 19th century Southern Freemasonry of the USA. Notably, his book carries in the preface a form of disclaimer from his own Grand Lodge. No one voice has ever spoken for the whole of Freemasonry.
qas: answers: text: mysticism, occultism, and even Satanism
question: What are some Protestant objections to Freemasonry?

answers: text: rationalism and naturalism
question: What are Catholic objections to Freemasonry?

answers: text: No one voice
question: Who is generally accepted as the voice of Freemasonry?

answers: text: Albert Pike
question: Who do the Protestant anti-Masons believe is the absolute authority on the use of mysticism, Satanism and occultism in Freemasonry?

answers: text: late 19th century Southern Freemasonry of the USA
question: What was Albert Pike actually more of an expert in?

answers: text: Protestant
question: What religion alleged Freemasons as Satanic?

answers: text: Catholic
question: What religion alleged Freemasons as unnatural and irrational? 

answers: text: Albert Pike
question: Who was controversial among Freemasons?

answers: text: No one
question: Who has spoke for all Freemasons?

answers: text: late 19th century Southern Freemasonry of the USA
question: Albert Pike's opinions were grounded in what?

context: In 1799, English Freemasonry almost came to a halt due to Parliamentary proclamation. In the wake of the French Revolution, the Unlawful Societies Act 1799 banned any meetings of groups that required their members to take an oath or obligation. The Grand Masters of both the Moderns and the Antients Grand Lodges called on Prime Minister William Pitt (who was not a Freemason) and explained to him that Freemasonry was a supporter of the law and lawfully constituted authority and was much involved in charitable work. As a result, Freemasonry was specifically exempted from the terms of the Act, provided that each private lodge's Secretary placed with the local "Clerk of the Peace" a list of the members of his lodge once a year. This continued until 1967 when the obligation of the provision was rescinded by Parliament.
qas: answers: text: Parliamentary proclamation
question: What put English Freemasonry at risk?

answers: text: meetings of groups that required their members to take an oath or obligation
question: What did the Unlawful Socities Act ban?

answers: text: 1799
question: When was the Unlawful Socities Act implemented?

answers: text: a list of the members of his lodge
question: What was each private lodge required to provide to the Clerk of Peace every year?

answers: text: Prime Minister William Pitt
question: Who did the Grand Masters call upon to explain that Freemasonry was not an unlawful society?

answers: text: 1799
question: English Freemasonry almost came to a halt in what year?

answers: text: Parliamentary proclamation
question: Why did English Freemasonry almost come to a halt in 1799?

answers: text: the Unlawful Societies Act 1799
question: What act was made in 1799 banning any meeting of groups that had to take an oath or obligation?

answers: text: Prime Minister William Pitt
question: Who gave the Freemasons an exemption of the Act of 1799?

answers: text: 1967
question: What year did parliament rescind the exemption of 1799 given to the Freemasons?

context: In some countries anti-Masonry is often related to antisemitism and anti-Zionism. For example, In 1980, the Iraqi legal and penal code was changed by Saddam Hussein's ruling Ba'ath Party, making it a felony to "promote or acclaim Zionist principles, including Freemasonry, or who associate [themselves] with Zionist organisations". Professor Andrew Prescott of the University of Sheffield writes: "Since at least the time of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, antisemitism has gone hand in hand with anti-masonry, so it is not surprising that allegations that 11 September was a Zionist plot have been accompanied by suggestions that the attacks were inspired by a masonic world order".
qas: answers: text: antisemitism and anti-Zionism
question: What are two things that anit-masonry usually associated with?

answers: text: 1980
question: What year did the Ba'ath Party make Freemasonry a felony?

answers: text: Professor Andrew Prescott
question: Who wrote that it was not suprising that the blame for 9/11 was trying to be blamed on a masonic world order?

answers: text: Since at least the time of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion
question: According to  Professor Andrew Prescott, how long has antisemitism gone together with anti-masonry?

answers: text: antisemitism and anti-Zionism
question: In some countries, anti-Masonry is related to what?

answers: text: Saddam Hussein's ruling Ba'ath Party
question: Who change the Iraqi legal and penal code in 1980?

answers: text: Professor Andrew Prescott
question: Who suggested the September 11 attacks on the United States were inspired by a masonic world order?

context: The bulk of Masonic ritual consists of degree ceremonies. Candidates for Freemasonry are progressively initiated into Freemasonry, first in the degree of Entered Apprentice. Some time later, in a separate ceremony, they will be passed to the degree of Fellowcraft, and finally they will be raised to the degree of Master Mason. In all of these ceremonies, the candidate is entrusted with passwords, signs and grips peculiar to his new rank. Another ceremony is the annual installation of the Master and officers of the Lodge. In some jurisdictions Installed Master is valued as a separate rank, with its own secrets to distinguish its members. In other jurisdictions, the grade is not recognised, and no inner ceremony conveys new secrets during the installation of a new Master of the Lodge.
qas: answers: text: degree ceremonies
question: What do most masonic rituals consist of?

answers: text: Entered Apprentice
question: What is the first degree of Masonry?

answers: text: Fellowcraft
question: What is the second degree of Masonry?

answers: text: Master Mason
question: What is the final degree of Masonry?

answers: text: passwords, signs and grips
question: What things come with each new degree in Freemasonry?

answers: text: degree ceremonies
question: The bulk of Masonic rituals consist of what?

answers: text: the degree of Fellowcraft
question: What comes after the degree of Entered Apprentice?

answers: text: the degree of Entered Apprentice
question: What is the first of degree ceremonies?

answers: text: the degree of Master Mason
question: What is the final degree in the Freemasons?

answers: text: the annual installation of the Master and officers of the Lodge
question: What annual ceremony do Freemasons have?

context: English Freemasonry spread to France in the 1720s, first as lodges of expatriates and exiled Jacobites, and then as distinctively French lodges which still follow the ritual of the Moderns. From France and England, Freemasonry spread to most of Continental Europe during the course of the 18th century. The Grande Loge de France formed under the Grand Mastership of the Duke of Clermont, who exercised only nominal authority. His successor, the Duke of Orléans, reconstituted the central body as the Grand Orient de France in 1773. Briefly eclipsed during the French Revolution, French Freemasonry continued to grow in the next century.
qas: answers: text: the 1720s
question: When did English Freemasonry arrive in France?

answers: text: lodges of expatriates and exiled Jacobites
question: Who were the first English Freemasons in France?

answers: text: 18th century
question: When did Freemasonry begin to spread to continental Europe?

answers: text: Duke of Clermont
question: Who formed the Grand Loge de France?

answers: text: Duke of Orléans
question: Who was the successor to the Duke of Clermont?

answers: text: the 1720s
question: When did English Freemasonry spread to France?

answers: text: the 18th century
question: When did Freemasonry spread to most of the Continental Europe?

answers: text: the Grand Mastership of the Duke of Clermont
question: The Grand Loge de France formed under who?

answers: text: the Duke of Orléans
question: Who was the successor to the Grand Mastership of The Duke of Clermont?

answers: text: 1773
question: When was the central body of the Grand Orient de France reconstituted?

context: The majority of Freemasonry considers the Liberal (Continental) strand to be Irregular, and thus withhold recognition. For the Continental lodges, however, having a different approach to Freemasonry was not a reason for severing masonic ties. In 1961, an umbrella organisation, Centre de Liaison et d'Information des Puissances maçonniques Signataires de l'Appel de Strasbourg (CLIPSAS) was set up, which today provides a forum for most of these Grand Lodges and Grand Orients worldwide. Included in the list of over 70 Grand Lodges and Grand Orients are representatives of all three of the above categories, including mixed and women's organisations. The United Grand Lodge of England does not communicate with any of these jurisdictions, and expects its allies to follow suit. This creates the distinction between Anglo-American and Continental Freemasonry.
qas: answers: text: provides a forum for most of these Grand Lodges and Grand Orients worldwide
question: Why was the Centre de Liasion et d'information des Puissances maconniques signataires de l'Appel de Strasbourg set up?

answers: text: 1961
question: When was CLIPSAS set up?

answers: text: Anglo-American and Continental
question: What are two major sections of Freemasonry?

answers: text: Irregular
question: What is the Continental Strand consideres to be by most of Freemasonry?

answers: text: the Liberal (Continental) strand
question: What strand is considered to be irregular by the majority of Freemasons?

answers: text: 1961
question: The CLIPSAS Organization was formed in what year?

answers: text: 70
question: How many Grand Lodges and Grand Orients are listed in the CLIPSAS list?

answers: text: does not communicate
question: Does the United Grand Lodge of England communicate with any of the 70 lodges on the CLIPSAS list?

context: The denomination with the longest history of objection to Freemasonry is the Roman Catholic Church. The objections raised by the Roman Catholic Church are based on the allegation that Masonry teaches a naturalistic deistic religion which is in conflict with Church doctrine. A number of Papal pronouncements have been issued against Freemasonry. The first was Pope Clement XII's In eminenti apostolatus, 28 April 1738; the most recent was Pope Leo XIII's Ab apostolici, 15 October 1890. The 1917 Code of Canon Law explicitly declared that joining Freemasonry entailed automatic excommunication, and banned books favouring Freemasonry.
qas: answers: text: the Roman Catholic Church
question: Whao has always opposed Freemasonry?

answers: text: teaches a naturalistic deistic religion
question: Why does the Catholic Church oppose the Freemasons so strongly?

answers: text: Pope Clement XII
question: Who issued the first Papal prounouncement against Freemasonry?

answers: text: 28 April 1738
question: When was the first Papal prounouncement against Freemasonry made?

answers: text: Pope Leo XIII's Ab apostolici, 15 October 1890
question: What was the most recent Papal prounouncement agasnst Freemasonry?

answers: text: the Roman Catholic Church
question: Who has the longest history of objection to Freemasonry?

answers: text: The 1917 Code of Canon Law
question: What law banned books favoring Freemasonry?

answers: text: Masonry teaches a naturalistic deistic religion
question: The Roman Catholic Church objection to Freemasons are based on what?

answers: text: Pope Clement XII
question: What pope first issued Papal pronouncements against Freemasons?

answers: text: Pope Leo XIII
question: What pope most recently issued Papal pronouncements against Freemasons?

context: In 1933, the Orthodox Church of Greece officially declared that being a Freemason constitutes an act of apostasy and thus, until he repents, the person involved with Freemasonry cannot partake of the Eucharist. This has been generally affirmed throughout the whole Eastern Orthodox Church. The Orthodox critique of Freemasonry agrees with both the Roman Catholic and Protestant versions: "Freemasonry cannot be at all compatible with Christianity as far as it is a secret organisation, acting and teaching in mystery and secret and deifying rationalism."
qas: answers: text: cannot partake of the Eucharist
question: What action is forbid by the Orthodox Greek Church to Freemasons?

answers: text: cannot be at all compatible with Christianity
question: What is the official stance on Freemasonry by the Greek Orthodox Church?

answers: text: constitutes an act of apostasy
question: What would happen if someone in the Greek Orthodox Church became a Freemason?

answers: text: 1933
question: When did the Orthodox Church of Greece proclaim being a Freemason was an act of apostacy?

answers: text: Roman Catholic and Protestant
question: Which other major religions hold the same beliefs, on Freemasonry, as the Orthodox Church of Greece?

answers: text: 1933
question: In what year did the Orthodox Church of Greece declare that being a Freemason constituted an act of apostasy?

answers: text: Christianity
question: Freemasonry cannot be compatible with what according to the Orthodox Church?

answers: text: the Eucharist
question: Freemason cannot partake in what until they repent according to the Orthodox Church of Greece?

context: In addition, most Grand Lodges require the candidate to declare a belief in a Supreme Being. In a few cases, the candidate may be required to be of a specific religion. The form of Freemasonry most common in Scandinavia (known as the Swedish Rite), for example, accepts only Christians. At the other end of the spectrum, "Liberal" or Continental Freemasonry, exemplified by the Grand Orient de France, does not require a declaration of belief in any deity, and accepts atheists (a cause of discord with the rest of Freemasonry).
qas: answers: text: belief in a Supreme Being
question: What belief is required of a candidate by the Grand Lodge?

answers: text: few cases
question: Are candadites required to express belief in a specific religion?

answers: text: Continental Freemasonry
question: Which branch of Freemasonry does not require a belief in a supreme being?

answers: text: "Liberal" or Continental
question: Which branch of Freemasonry accepts atheists?

answers: text: Swedish Rite
question: Which branch of Freemasonry only accepts Christians?

answers: text: a Supreme Being
question: Most Grand Lodges require a candidate to declare a belief in what?

answers: text: Christians
question: Freemasons most common in Scandinavia only accept who as members?

answers: text: the Grand Orient de France
question: What Freemason group accept atheists?

answers: text: Liberal" or Continental Freemasonry
question: The Grand Orient de France is considered what type of Freemasonry?

context: Exclusive Jurisdiction is a concept whereby only one Grand Lodge will be recognised in any geographical area. If two Grand Lodges claim jurisdiction over the same area, the other Grand Lodges will have to choose between them, and they may not all decide to recognise the same one. (In 1849, for example, the Grand Lodge of New York split into two rival factions, each claiming to be the legitimate Grand Lodge. Other Grand Lodges had to choose between them until the schism was healed.) Exclusive Jurisdiction can be waived when the two over-lapping Grand Lodges are themselves in Amity and agree to share jurisdiction (for example, since the Grand Lodge of Connecticut is in Amity with the Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Connecticut, the principle of Exclusive Jurisdiction does not apply, and other Grand Lodges may recognise both).
qas: answers: text: only one Grand Lodge will be recognised in any geographical area
question: What is Exclusive Jurisdiction?

answers: text: the other Grand Lodges will have to choose between them
question: What happens if two Grand Lodges try to establish themselves in the same area?

answers: text: Exclusive Jurisdiction can be waived
question: What can happen if two over-lapping Grand Lodges are in Amity and decide to share jurisdiction?

answers: text: recognise both
question: If two over-lapping Grand Lodges are in Amity and decide to waive Exclusive Jurisdiction, who must the other Grand Lodges recognize?

answers: text: choose between them
question: What must other Grand Lodges do if two over-lapping Grand Lodges cannot agree to share the territory?

answers: text: Exclusive Jurisdiction
question: What concept only recognizes one Grand Lodge in a given geographical area?

answers: text: 1849
question: In what year did the Grand Lodge of New York Split into two separate rival factions?

answers: text: when the two over-lapping Grand Lodges are themselves in Amity and agree to share jurisdiction
question: When can Exclusive Jurisdiction be waived?

context: There is no clear mechanism by which these local trade organisations became today's Masonic Lodges, but the earliest rituals and passwords known, from operative lodges around the turn of the 17th–18th centuries, show continuity with the rituals developed in the later 18th century by accepted or speculative Masons, as those members who did not practice the physical craft came to be known. The minutes of the Lodge of Edinburgh (Mary's Chapel) No. 1 in Scotland show a continuity from an operative lodge in 1598 to a modern speculative Lodge. It is reputed to be the oldest Masonic Lodge in the world.
qas: answers: text: 17th–18th
question: From what centuries are the earliest passwords and rituals of Freemasonry known?

answers: text: Lodge of Edinburgh (Mary's Chapel) No. 1 in Scotland
question: What is the oldest Masonic lodge in the world?

answers: text: accepted or speculative Masons
question: What were members who did not practice the physical craft known as?

answers: text: show continuity
question: When compared, how similar are the rituals and passwords from the turn of the 17 - 18 centuries to the ones from the later 18th century?

answers: text: the Lodge of Edinburgh (Mary's Chapel) No. 1
question: What is the oldest Masonic Lodge in the world?

answers: text: 1598
question: When was the Lodge of Edinburgh started?

answers: text: in the later 18th century
question: When did rituals become similar between different Masonic Lodges?

context: Prince Hall Freemasonry exists because of the refusal of early American lodges to admit African-Americans. In 1775, an African-American named Prince Hall, along with fourteen other African-Americans, was initiated into a British military lodge with a warrant from the Grand Lodge of Ireland, having failed to obtain admission from the other lodges in Boston. When the military Lodge left North America, those fifteen men were given the authority to meet as a Lodge, but not to initiate Masons. In 1784, these individuals obtained a Warrant from the Premier Grand Lodge of England (GLE) and formed African Lodge, Number 459. When the UGLE was formed in 1813, all U.S.-based Lodges were stricken from their rolls – due largely to the War of 1812. Thus, separated from both UGLE and any concordantly recognised U.S. Grand Lodge, African Lodge re-titled itself as the African Lodge, Number 1 – and became a de facto "Grand Lodge" (this Lodge is not to be confused with the various Grand Lodges on the Continent of Africa). As with the rest of U.S. Freemasonry, Prince Hall Freemasonry soon grew and organised on a Grand Lodge system for each state.
qas: answers: text: refusal of early American lodges to admit African-Americans
question: Why was Prince Hall Freemasonry formed?

answers: text: 1775
question: When was Prince Hall Freemasonry formed?

answers: text: U.S.-based Lodges were stricken from their rolls
question: What happened when the UGLE was formed in 1813?

answers: text: African Lodge, Number 1
question: What did Africian Lodge, Number 459 become after they were removed from the UGLE?

answers: text: became a de facto "Grand Lodge"
question: What was Africian Lodge, Number 1 considered after they changed from Africian Lodge, Number 459?

answers: text: Prince Hall Freemasonry
question: What exists today because of the refusal of early American lodges to admit African Americans?

answers: text: 1775
question: In what year was Prince Hall admitted into the British military lodge?

answers: text: 1784
question: When was the African Lodge, number 459, formed?

answers: text: 1813
question: When was the UGLE formed?

answers: text: the African Lodge, Number 1
question: The African Lodge re-titled itself what?

context: Maria Deraismes was initiated into Freemasonry in 1882, then resigned to allow her lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge. Having failed to achieve acceptance from any masonic governing body, she and Georges Martin started a mixed masonic lodge that actually worked masonic ritual. Annie Besant spread the phenomenon to the English speaking world. Disagreements over ritual led to the formation of exclusively female bodies of Freemasons in England, which spread to other countries. Meanwhile, the French had re-invented Adoption as an all-female lodge in 1901, only to cast it aside again in 1935. The lodges, however, continued to meet, which gave rise, in 1959, to a body of women practising continental Freemasonry.
qas: answers: text: 1882
question: When was Maria Deraismes initiated into Freemasonry?

answers: text: allow her lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge
question: Why did Deraismes resign from Freemasonry?

answers: text: Disagreements over ritual
question: What led to exclusively female bodies of Freemasons in England?

answers: text: Georges Martin
question: Who, along with Maria Dersaismes, started a mixed gender masonic lodge?

answers: text: Annie Besant
question: Who brought the message of mixed gender, practicing masonic lodges to the English speaking?

answers: text: Maria Deraismes
question: Who resigned from the Freemasons for their lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge?

answers: text: Georges Martin
question: Maria Deraismes and who else started a mixed masonic lodge?

answers: text: 1882
question: What year was Maria Deraismes initiated into the Freemasons?

answers: text: 1901
question: What year was an all-female masonic lodge created?

answers: text: 1935
question: What year was the all-female masonic lodge cast aside?

context: Many Islamic anti-Masonic arguments are closely tied to both antisemitism and Anti-Zionism, though other criticisms are made such as linking Freemasonry to al-Masih ad-Dajjal (the false Messiah). Some Muslim anti-Masons argue that Freemasonry promotes the interests of the Jews around the world and that one of its aims is to destroy the Al-Aqsa Mosque in order to rebuild the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem. In article 28 of its Covenant, Hamas states that Freemasonry, Rotary, and other similar groups "work in the interest of Zionism and according to its instructions ..."
qas: answers: text: al-Masih ad-Dajjal (the false Messiah
question: What do Islamic anti-masonics link Freemasonry to?

answers: text: rebuild the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem
question: Why do muslim anti-masonics believe that the Freemasons want to destroy the Al-Aqsa Mosque?

answers: text: Rotary
question: What is another group that anti-masonic muslims link to zionism?

answers: text: antisemitism and Anti-Zionism
question: What are most of the arguements by anti-masonic muslims centered on? 

answers: text: Jews
question: Who's interests are the muslin anti-masonics afraid that the Freemasons are protecting?

answers: text: linking Freemasonry to al-Masih ad-Dajjal (the false Messiah)
question: What do many Islamic and anti-Masonic argue about Freemasonry?

answers: text: the interests of the Jews
question: Some Muslims argue that Freemasonry promotes what?

answers: text: article 28
question: What article states that Freemasonry work in the interest of Zionism?

context: The preserved records of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (the Reich Security Main Office) show the persecution of Freemasons during the Holocaust. RSHA Amt VII (Written Records) was overseen by Professor Franz Six and was responsible for "ideological" tasks, by which was meant the creation of antisemitic and anti-Masonic propaganda. While the number is not accurately known, it is estimated that between 80,000 and 200,000 Freemasons were killed under the Nazi regime. Masonic concentration camp inmates were graded as political prisoners and wore an inverted red triangle.
qas: answers: text: between 80,000 and 200,000
question: How many Freemasons are believed to have been killed under Hitler's Nazi Regime?

answers: text: political prisoners
question: What kind of prisioner was a Freemason considered to be?

answers: text: inverted red triangle
question: What identifier did the Nazis make the Freemason prisioners wear?

answers: text: Professor Franz Six
question: Who was responsible for creating antisemetic and anti-masonic propaganda?

answers: text: The preserved records of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (the Reich Security Main Office)
question: Where is most of the informaton about Freemasons persecuted in the Holocaust located?

answers: text: Reichssicherheitshauptamt
question: What is the Relch Security Main Office also called?

answers: text: Professor Franz Six
question: Who was responsible for ideological tasks of the written records?

answers: text: between 80,000 and 200,000
question: How many Freemasons were killed under the Nazi regime?

answers: text: an inverted red triangle.
question: What did Masonic concentration camp inmates have to wear?

context: Freemasonry consists of fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local fraternities of stonemasons, which from the end of the fourteenth century regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities and clients. The degrees of freemasonry retain the three grades of medieval craft guilds, those of Apprentice, Journeyman or fellow (now called Fellowcraft), and Master Mason. These are the degrees offered by Craft (or Blue Lodge) Freemasonry. Members of these organisations are known as Freemasons or Masons. There are additional degrees, which vary with locality and jurisdiction, and are usually administered by different bodies than the craft degrees.
qas: answers: text: local fraternities of stonemasons
question: Where are the origins of Freemasonry?

answers: text: regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities and clients
question: What were the fraternaties of stonemasons origionally responsible for?

answers: text: the three grades of medieval craft guilds
question: Where did the degrees of Freemasonry derived from?

answers: text: Apprentice, Journeyman or fellow (now called Fellowcraft), and Master Mason
question: What are the degrees of Freemasonry?

answers: text: the local fraternities of stonemasons
question: Freemasons trace their origins to what?

answers: text: three grades
question: How many grades are there in medieval craft guilds?

answers: text: Blue Lodge
question: Craft Freemasonry is also known as what?

answers: text: Freemasons or Masons
question: Members of Craft Masonry are called what?

context: Candidates for Freemasonry will have met most active members of the Lodge they are joining before they are initiated. The process varies between jurisdictions, but the candidate will typically have been introduced by a friend at a Lodge social function, or at some form of open evening in the Lodge. In modern times, interested people often track down a local Lodge through the Internet. The onus is on candidates to ask to join; while candidates may be encouraged to ask, they are never invited. Once the initial inquiry is made, an interview usually follows to determine the candidate's suitability. If the candidate decides to proceed from here, the Lodge ballots on the application before he (or she, depending on the Masonic Jurisdiction) can be accepted.
qas: answers: text: they are never invited
question: How are Freemasons invited to join a lodge?

answers: text: The onus is on candidates to ask to join
question: How does one become a Freemason?

answers: text: depending on the Masonic Jurisdiction
question: Can women ask to be a member of the Masonic Lodge?

answers: text: track down a local Lodge through the Internet
question: How can you find a lodge to ask to be a member of?

answers: text: will have met most active members of the Lodge they are joining
question: Candidates for Freemasonry must do what before being initiated? 

answers: text: a friend
question: Candidates are normally introduced to the lodge by whom?

answers: text: the Internet
question: Now days, many interested people find a Masonic Lodge using what?

answers: text: never invited
question: Candidates are never what to a Masonic lodge?

answers: text: an interview
question: What usually follows an initial inquiry of a candidate?

context: Freemasonry, as it exists in various forms all over the world, has a membership estimated by the United Grand Lodge of England at around six million worldwide. The fraternity is administratively organised into independent Grand Lodges (or sometimes Grand Orients), each of which governs its own Masonic jurisdiction, which consists of subordinate (or constituent) Lodges. The largest single jurisdiction, in terms of membership, is the United Grand Lodge of England (with a membership estimated at around a quarter million). The Grand Lodge of Scotland and Grand Lodge of Ireland (taken together) have approximately 150,000 members. In the United States total membership is just under two million.
qas: answers: text: around six million worldwide
question: How large is the membership of Freemasonry?

answers: text: United Grand Lodge of England
question: What is the largest single jurisdiction of Freemasonry?

answers: text: around a quarter million
question: How many members does the UGLE have?

answers: text: just under two million
question: What are the membership numbers of the United States?

answers: text: 150,000
question: How many members does the Grand Lodge of Scotland and the Grand Lodge of Ireland have, together?

answers: text: around six million worldwide
question: How many members are in Freemasonry?

answers: text: the United Grand Lodge of England
question: What lodge has the single largest single jurisdiction of Freemasonry?

answers: text: around a quarter million
question: How many members are in the Grand Lodge of England?

answers: text: approximately 150,000 members
question: The Grand Lodges of Scotland and Ireland have how many member?

answers: text: just under two million
question: The United States has how many Freemason members?

context: The idea of Masonic brotherhood probably descends from a 16th-century legal definition of a brother as one who has taken an oath of mutual support to another. Accordingly, Masons swear at each degree to keep the contents of that degree secret, and to support and protect their brethren unless they have broken the law. In most Lodges the oath or obligation is taken on a Volume of Sacred Law, whichever book of divine revelation is appropriate to the religious beliefs of the individual brother (usually the Bible in the Anglo-American tradition). In Progressive continental Freemasonry, books other than scripture are permissible, a cause of rupture between Grand Lodges.
qas: answers: text: Masons swear at each degree to keep the contents of that degree secret
question: Are masons allowed to divulge the secrets of each degree?

answers: text: on a Volume of Sacred Law
question: How are oaths taken?

answers: text: Progressive continental Freemasonry
question: In what branch can books, other than scripture, be used for the purpose of oath taking?

answers: text: whichever book of divine revelation is appropriate to the religious beliefs of the individual brother
question: What can be considered a Volume of Sacred Law?

answers: text: have broken the law
question: Masons swear to protect their brethren unless they what?

answers: text: Volume of Sacred Law
question: Most lodges have the oath taken on what?

answers: text: keep the contents of that degree secret
question: Mason swear at each degree to do what?

context: The earliest known American lodges were in Pennsylvania. The Collector for the port of Pennsylvania, John Moore, wrote of attending lodges there in 1715, two years before the formation of the first Grand Lodge in London. The Premier Grand Lodge of England appointed a Provincial Grand Master for North America in 1731, based in Pennsylvania. Other lodges in the colony obtained authorisations from the later Antient Grand Lodge of England, the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and the Grand Lodge of Ireland, which was particularly well represented in the travelling lodges of the British Army. Many lodges came into existence with no warrant from any Grand Lodge, applying and paying for their authorisation only after they were confident of their own survival.
qas: answers: text: Pennsylvania
question: Where were the earliest known American Logdes located?

answers: text: 1715
question: What is the earliest that lodges appeared in America?

answers: text: 1731
question: When was a Provincial Grand Master for North America appointed?

answers: text: Antient Grand Lodge of England, the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and the Grand Lodge of Ireland
question: Where did other American Lodges obtain their authoriisations from?

answers: text: after they were confident of their own survival
question: When did the lodges without prior authorisations apply to be recognized?

answers: text: Pennsylvania
question: Where were the earliest lodges in America?

answers: text: John Moore
question: Who was the Collector for the port of Pennsylvania in 1715?

answers: text: 1731
question: A Provincial Grand Master for North America was first appointed when?

answers: text: Pennsylvania
question: The Provincial Grand Master for North America was base where?

context: Masonic lodges existed in Iraq as early as 1917, when the first lodge under the United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE) was opened. Nine lodges under UGLE existed by the 1950s, and a Scottish lodge was formed in 1923. However, the position changed following the revolution, and all lodges were forced to close in 1965. This position was later reinforced under Saddam Hussein; the death penalty was "prescribed" for those who "promote or acclaim Zionist principles, including freemasonry, or who associate [themselves] with Zionist organisations."
qas: answers: text: as early as 1917
question: How long have Masonic Lodges been in Iraq?

answers: text: Nine
question: How many lodges existed in Iraq in the 1950s?

answers: text: the death penalty
question: What is the greatest penalty that a Freemason in Iraq could face now?

answers: text: 1965
question: When were all the lodges in Iraq forced to close?

answers: text: 1923
question: When was a Scottish Lodge formed in Iraq?

answers: text: 1917
question: When did Masonic lodges start in Iraq?

answers: text: the United Grand Lodge of England
question: Who opened the first Lodge in Iraq?

answers: text: 1923
question: When was the first Scottish Masonic lodge opened in Iraq?

answers: text: 1965
question: All Masonic lodges were forced to close in Iraq in what year?

answers: text: Saddam Hussein
question: Who introduced the death penalty to Freemasons living in Iraq?

context: The ritual form on which the Grand Orient of France was based was abolished in England in the events leading to the formation of the United Grand Lodge of England in 1813. However the two jurisdictions continued in amity (mutual recognition) until events of the 1860s and 1870s drove a seemingly permanent wedge between them. In 1868 the Supreme Council of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of the State of Louisiana appeared in the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Louisiana, recognised by the Grand Orient de France, but regarded by the older body as an invasion of their jurisdiction. The new Scottish rite body admitted blacks, and the resolution of the Grand Orient the following year that neither colour, race, nor religion could disqualify a man from Masonry prompted the Grand Lodge to withdraw recognition, and it persuaded other American Grand Lodges to do the same.
qas: answers: text: 1813
question: When was the United Grand Lodge of England Formed?

answers: text: the 1860s and 1870s
question: The Grand Orient de France and the United Grand Lodge of England continued in amity until when?

answers: text: 1868
question: What year did the Supreme Council of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Louisiana appear in the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Louisiana?

context: In 1983, the Church issued a new code of canon law. Unlike its predecessor, the 1983 Code of Canon Law did not explicitly name Masonic orders among the secret societies it condemns. It states: "A person who joins an association which plots against the Church is to be punished with a just penalty; one who promotes or takes office in such an association is to be punished with an interdict." This named omission of Masonic orders caused both Catholics and Freemasons to believe that the ban on Catholics becoming Freemasons may have been lifted, especially after the perceived liberalisation of Vatican II. However, the matter was clarified when Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI), as the Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, issued a Declaration on Masonic Associations, which states: "... the Church's negative judgment in regard to Masonic association remains unchanged since their principles have always been considered irreconcilable with the doctrine of the Church and therefore membership in them remains forbidden. The faithful who enroll in Masonic associations are in a state of grave sin and may not receive Holy Communion." For its part, Freemasonry has never objected to Catholics joining their fraternity. Those Grand Lodges in amity with UGLE deny the Church's claims. The UGLE now states that "Freemasonry does not seek to replace a Mason's religion or provide a substitute for it."
qas: answers: text: 1983
question: In what year was a new code to the Canon Law issued by the church?

answers: text: Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger
question: Who clarified the new code of Canon law of 1983?

answers: text: Freemasonry has never objected to Catholics joining their fraternity
question: Do Freemasons allow Catholics into their fraternity?

context: Even in modern democracies, Freemasonry is sometimes viewed with distrust. In the UK, Masons working in the justice system, such as judges and police officers, were from 1999 to 2009 required to disclose their membership. While a parliamentary inquiry found that there has been no evidence of wrongdoing, it was felt that any potential loyalties Masons might have, based on their vows to support fellow Masons, should be transparent to the public. The policy of requiring a declaration of masonic membership of applicants for judicial office (judges and magistrates) was ended in 2009 by Justice Secretary Jack Straw (who had initiated the requirement in the 1990s). Straw stated that the rule was considered disproportionate, since no impropriety or malpractice had been shown as a result of judges being Freemasons.
qas: answers: text: from 1999 to 2009
question: Judges and police officers had to disclose their Freemason membership in what years in England?

answers: text: Justice Secretary Jack Straw
question: Who ended the English Masonic disclosure policy in 2009?

answers: text: the rule was considered disproportionate
question: Justice Secretary Jack Straw ended the Masonic disclosure law on what grounds?

context: The Masonic Lodge is the basic organisational unit of Freemasonry. The Lodge meets regularly to conduct the usual formal business of any small organisation (pay bills, organise social and charitable events, elect new members, etc.). In addition to business, the meeting may perform a ceremony to confer a Masonic degree or receive a lecture, which is usually on some aspect of Masonic history or ritual. At the conclusion of the meeting, the Lodge might adjourn for a formal dinner, or festive board, sometimes involving toasting and song.
qas: answers: text: The Masonic Lodge
question: What is the basic organizational unit of Freemasonry?

answers: text: pay bills, organise social and charitable events, elect new members
question: Name examples of usual formal business that Freemasons have at their lodge.

answers: text: a formal dinner
question: What usually happens at the conclusion of a lodge meeting?

context: During the ceremony of initiation, the candidate is expected to swear (usually on a volume of sacred text appropriate to his personal religious faith) to fulfil certain obligations as a Mason. In the course of three degrees, new masons will promise to keep the secrets of their degree from lower degrees and outsiders, and to support a fellow Mason in distress (as far as practicality and the law permit). There is instruction as to the duties of a Freemason, but on the whole, Freemasons are left to explore the craft in the manner they find most satisfying. Some will further explore the ritual and symbolism of the craft, others will focus their involvement on the social side of the Lodge, while still others will concentrate on the charitable functions of the lodge.
qas: answers: text: During the ceremony of initiation
question: When does a candidate swear to fullfil his obligations as a Mason?

answers: text: usually on a volume of sacred text
question: What does a candidate swear on?

answers: text: three degrees
question: How many degrees must a Mason swear to keep the secrets from outsiders?

answers: text: Freemasons are left to explore the craft in the manner they find most satisfying
question: Are Freemasons free to explore the craft?

context: Regularity is a concept based on adherence to Masonic Landmarks, the basic membership requirements, tenets and rituals of the craft. Each Grand Lodge sets its own definition of what these landmarks are, and thus what is Regular and what is Irregular (and the definitions do not necessarily agree between Grand Lodges). Essentially, every Grand Lodge will hold that its landmarks (its requirements, tenets and rituals) are Regular, and judge other Grand Lodges based on those. If the differences are significant, one Grand Lodge may declare the other "Irregular" and withdraw or withhold recognition.
qas: answers: text: Regularity
question: What concept is based on adherence to Masonic Landmarks, basic membership requirements, and tenets and rituals of the craft?

answers: text: Each Grand Lodge sets its own definition
question: Is each definition of regularity the same throughout all Masonic Lodges?

answers: text: If the differences are significant
question: When can a Grand Lodge declare another lodge as irregular?

context: All Freemasons begin their journey in the "craft" by being progressively initiated, passed and raised into the three degrees of Craft, or Blue Lodge Masonry. During these three rituals, the candidate is progressively taught the meanings of the Lodge symbols, and entrusted with grips, signs and words to signify to other Masons that he has been so initiated. The initiations are part allegory and part lecture, and revolve around the construction of the Temple of Solomon, and the artistry and death of his chief architect, Hiram Abiff. The degrees are those of Entered apprentice, Fellowcraft and Master Mason. While many different versions of these rituals exist, with at least two different lodge layouts and versions of the Hiram myth, each version is recognisable to any Freemason from any jurisdiction.
qas: answers: text: Craft, or Blue Lodge Masonry
question: All Freemasons are progressively initiated, passed, and raised in three degrees of what?

answers: text: lecture
question: The initiations are part allegory and part what?

answers: text: Master Mason
question: What is the final of the three steps of Freemasonry?

answers: text: Hiram Abiff
question: Who was the chief architect of the Temple of Solomon?

answers: text: at least two
question: How many versions of the Hiram myth are there?

context: The first Grand Lodge, the Grand Lodge of London and Westminster (later called the Grand Lodge of England (GLE)), was founded on 24 June 1717, when four existing London Lodges met for a joint dinner. Many English Lodges joined the new regulatory body, which itself entered a period of self-publicity and expansion. However, many Lodges could not endorse changes which some Lodges of the GLE made to the ritual (they came to be known as the Moderns), and a few of these formed a rival Grand Lodge on 17 July 1751, which they called the "Antient Grand Lodge of England." These two Grand Lodges vied for supremacy until the Moderns promised to return to the ancient ritual. They united on 27 December 1813 to form the United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE).
qas: answers: text: GLE
question: The Grand Lodge of England is also know as what?

answers: text: 24 June 1717
question: When was the Grand Lodge of England founded?

answers: text: 17 July 1751
question: The Ancient Grand Lodge of England was formed on what date?

answers: text: 27 December 1813
question: The United Grand Lodge of England was formed on what date?

answers: text: the Moderns
question: Lodges that could not endorse the GLE were later called what?

context: Widespread segregation in 19th- and early 20th-century North America made it difficult for African-Americans to join Lodges outside of Prince Hall jurisdictions – and impossible for inter-jurisdiction recognition between the parallel U.S. Masonic authorities. By the 1980s, such discrimination was a thing of the past, and today most U.S. Grand Lodges recognise their Prince Hall counterparts, and the authorities of both traditions are working towards full recognition. The United Grand Lodge of England has no problem with recognising Prince Hall Grand Lodges. While celebrating their heritage as lodges of black Americans, Prince Hall is open to all men regardless of race or religion.
qas: answers: text: By the 1980s
question: When did North American Masonic lodges recognize members of the Prince Hall Lodge?

answers: text: Prince Hall is open to all men
question: Who is the Prince Hall Lodge open to?

answers: text: The United Grand Lodge of England has no problem with recognising Prince Hall Grand Lodges
question: Does the United Grand Lodge of England recognize Prince Hall Lodges?

context: In general, Continental Freemasonry is sympathetic to Freemasonry amongst women, dating from the 1890s when French lodges assisted the emergent co-masonic movement by promoting enough of their members to the 33rd degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite to allow them, in 1899, to form their own grand council, recognised by the other Continental Grand Councils of that Rite. The United Grand Lodge of England issued a statement in 1999 recognising the two women's grand lodges there to be regular in all but the participants. While they were not, therefore, recognised as regular, they were part of Freemasonry "in general". The attitude of most regular Anglo-American grand lodges remains that women Freemasons are not legitimate Masons.
qas: answers: text: the 1890s
question: When did the French try to create co-masonic lodges?

answers: text: 1999
question: When did the United Grand Lodge of England recognize the two female Masonic lodges?

answers: text: the 33rd degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite
question: What did the french lodges promote to try to get women accepted into the Freemasons?

answers: text: most regular Anglo-American grand lodges remains that women Freemasons are not legitimate Masons
question: Do Anglo-American grand lodges accept women as members today?

context: Since the founding of Freemasonry, many Bishops of the Church of England have been Freemasons, such as Archbishop Geoffrey Fisher. In the past, few members of the Church of England would have seen any incongruity in concurrently adhering to Anglican Christianity and practicing Freemasonry. In recent decades, however, reservations about Freemasonry have increased within Anglicanism, perhaps due to the increasing prominence of the evangelical wing of the church. The former Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr Rowan Williams, appeared to harbour some reservations about Masonic ritual, whilst being anxious to avoid causing offence to Freemasons inside and outside the Church of England. In 2003 he felt it necessary to apologise to British Freemasons after he said that their beliefs were incompatible with Christianity and that he had barred the appointment of Freemasons to senior posts in his diocese when he was Bishop of Monmouth.
qas: answers: text: Geoffrey Fisher
question: What English Archbishop was a member of the Freemasons?

answers: text: Dr Rowan Williams
question: What former Archbishop of Canterbury has reservations about the Freemasons?

answers: text: 2003
question: What year did Dr. Rowan Williams apologize to the Freemasons?

answers: text: Bishop of Monmouth
question: Dr. Rowan Williams was also Bishop of what?

context: In Italy, Freemasonry has become linked to a scandal concerning the Propaganda Due lodge (a.k.a. P2). This lodge was chartered by the Grande Oriente d'Italia in 1877, as a lodge for visiting Masons unable to attend their own lodges. Under Licio Gelli's leadership, in the late 1970s, P2 became involved in the financial scandals that nearly bankrupted the Vatican Bank. However, by this time the lodge was operating independently and irregularly, as the Grand Orient had revoked its charter and expelled Gelli in 1976.
qas: answers: text: Propaganda Due lodge
question: Freemasonry was linked to scandal in Italy due to what?

answers: text: Grande Oriente d'Italia
question: The Propaganda Due Lodge was chartered by who?

answers: text: 1877
question: When did the Grande Oriente d'italia charter the Propaganda Due Lodge?

answers: text: P2
question: The Propaganda Due Lodge was also know as what?

answers: text: 1976
question: When did the Grand Orient d'italia expel Licio Gelli and revoked the charter of P2?