Central_African_Republic

context: The Central African Republic (CAR; Sango: Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka; French: République centrafricaine  pronounced: [ʁepyblik sɑ̃tʁafʁikɛn], or Centrafrique [sɑ̃tʀafʁik]) is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Chad to the north, Sudan to the northeast, South Sudan to the east, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo to the south and Cameroon to the west. The CAR covers a land area of about 620,000 square kilometres (240,000 sq mi) and had an estimated population of around 4.7 million as of 2014[update].
qas: answers: text: Central Africa
question: Where is the Central African Republic located?

answers: text: Chad
question: What country borders CAR in the North?

answers: text: the Republic of the Congo
question: What Country borders CAR in the South?

answers: text: Cameroon
question: What Country borders CAR in the West?

answers: text: 4.7 million
question: What is the population of CAR approximately?

context: What is today the Central African Republic has been inhabited for millennia; however, the country's current borders were established by France, which ruled the country as a colony starting in the late 19th century. After gaining independence from France in 1960, the Central African Republic was ruled by a series of autocratic leaders; by the 1990s, calls for democracy led to the first multi-party democratic elections in 1993. Ange-Félix Patassé became president, but was later removed by General François Bozizé in the 2003 coup. The Central African Republic Bush War began in 2004 and, despite a peace treaty in 2007 and another in 2011, fighting broke out between various factions in December 2012, leading to ethnic and religious cleansing of the Muslim minority and massive population displacement in 2013 and 2014.
qas: answers: text: France
question: Who established CAR's borders?

answers: text: France
question: What country ruled CAR as a colony?

answers: text: in 1960
question: When did CAR become independent?

answers: text: Ange-Félix Patassé
question: Who was the first democratically elected President?

answers: text: Muslim minority
question: What religion is a minority in CAR?

context: Approximately 10,000 years ago, desertification forced hunter-gatherer societies south into the Sahel regions of northern Central Africa, where some groups settled and began farming as part of the Neolithic Revolution. Initial farming of white yam progressed into millet and sorghum, and before 3000 BC the domestication of African oil palm improved the groups' nutrition and allowed for expansion of the local populations. Bananas arrived in the region and added an important source of carbohydrates to the diet; they were also used in the production of alcoholic beverages.[when?] This Agricultural Revolution, combined with a "Fish-stew Revolution", in which fishing began to take place, and the use of boats, allowed for the transportation of goods. Products were often moved in ceramic pots, which are the first known examples of artistic expression from the region's inhabitants.
qas: answers: text: Approximately 10,000 years ago
question: How long ago did people start living in the area?

answers: text: farming
question: What agricultural job did people settling in the area perform?

answers: text: African oil palm
question: What vegetation helped populations expand?

answers: text: Bananas
question: What was an imported food that provided most of the carbohydrates?

answers: text: Fish
question: What important protein helped with expansion of the inhabitants?

context: During the 16th and 17th centuries slave traders began to raid the region as part of the expansion of the Saharan and Nile River slave routes. Their captives were slaved and shipped to the Mediterranean coast, Europe, Arabia, the Western Hemisphere, or to the slave ports and factories along the West and North Africa or South the Ubanqui and Congo rivers. In the mid 19th century, the Bobangi people became major slave traders and sold their captives to the Americas using the Ubangi river to reach the coast. During the 18th century Bandia-Nzakara peoples established the Bangassou Kingdom along the Ubangi River.
qas: answers: text: 16th and 17th centuries
question: When did the slave trade hit the CAR region?

answers: text: Europe
question: What is one area where captive slaves were sent?

answers: text: Bobangi people
question: Which people were major slave traders in the 19th century?

answers: text: the Americas
question: Who did the Bobangi sell slave to?

answers: text: Ubangi River
question: What river saw the establishment of a new Kingdom?

context: In 1920 French Equatorial Africa was established and Ubangi-Shari was administered from Brazzaville. During the 1920s and 1930s the French introduced a policy of mandatory cotton cultivation, a network of roads was built, attempts were made to combat sleeping sickness and Protestant missions were established to spread Christianity. New forms of forced labor were also introduced and a large number of Ubangians were sent to work on the Congo-Ocean Railway. Many of these forced laborers died of exhaustion, illness, or the poor conditions which claimed between 20% and 25% of the 127,000 workers.
qas: answers: text: 1920
question: When was Equatorial Africa established?

answers: text: Brazzaville
question: Where was Equatorial African ran from?

answers: text: cotton
question: What plant was mandated to be grown by the French?

answers: text: a network of roads
question: What important infrastructure was built in the 1920s.

answers: text: Christianity
question: What religion was spread through CAR?

context: In September 1940, during the Second World War, pro-Gaullist French officers took control of Ubangi-Shari and General Leclerc established his headquarters for the Free French Forces in Bangui. In 1946 Barthélémy Boganda was elected with 9,000 votes to the French National Assembly, becoming the first representative for CAR in the French government. Boganda maintained a political stance against racism and the colonial regime but gradually became disheartened with the French political system and returned to CAR to establish the Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa (MESAN) in 1950.
qas: answers: text: Second World War
question: During what war did French officers setup headquarters in CAR?

answers: text: Barthélémy Boganda
question: Who was elected in 1946 as the first representative?

answers: text: 9,000 votes
question: How many votes did Boganda get?

answers: text: political stance against racism
question: What was Bogandas platform that he ran for?

answers: text: disheartened with the French political system
question: What caused Boganda to leave his elected post?

context: In the Ubangi-Shari Territorial Assembly election in 1957, MESAN captured 347,000 out of the total 356,000 votes, and won every legislative seat, which led to Boganda being elected president of the Grand Council of French Equatorial Africa and vice-president of the Ubangi-Shari Government Council. Within a year, he declared the establishment of the Central African Republic and served as the country's first prime minister. MESAN continued to exist, but its role was limited. After Boganda's death in a plane crash on 29 March 1959, his cousin, David Dacko, took control of MESAN and became the country's first president after the CAR had formally received independence from France. Dacko threw out his political rivals, including former Prime Minister and Mouvement d'évolution démocratique de l'Afrique centrale (MEDAC), leader Abel Goumba, whom he forced into exile in France. With all opposition parties suppressed by November 1962, Dacko declared MESAN as the official party of the state.
qas: answers: text: 347,000 out of the total 356,000 votes
question: What was the overwhelming amount of votes MESAN captured?

answers: text: every legislative seat
question: How many seats did MESAN win?

answers: text: Boganda
question: Who was elected president of the Grand Council?

answers: text: a plane crash
question: How did Boganda die?

answers: text: his cousin, David Dacko
question: Who took over after Boganda died?

context: In April 1979, young students protested against Bokassa's decree that all school attendees would need to buy uniforms from a company owned by one of his wives. The government violently suppressed the protests, killing 100 children and teenagers. Bokassa himself may have been personally involved in some of the killings. In September 1979, France overthrew Bokassa and "restored" Dacko to power (subsequently restoring the name of the country to the Central African Republic). Dacko, in turn, was again overthrown in a coup by General André Kolingba on 1 September 1981.
qas: answers: text: young students protested against Bokassa's decree
question: What caused a violent uprising?

answers: text: 100 children and teenagers
question: How many were killed in the April 1979 protests?

answers: text: France
question: Who overthrew Bokassa after this incident?

answers: text: Dacko
question: Who did France restore into power?

answers: text: General André Kolingba
question: Who eventually overthrew Dacko?

context: By 1990, inspired by the fall of the Berlin Wall, a pro-democracy movement arose. Pressure from the United States, France, and from a group of locally represented countries and agencies called GIBAFOR (France, the USA, Germany, Japan, the EU, the World Bank, and the UN) finally led Kolingba to agree, in principle, to hold free elections in October 1992 with help from the UN Office of Electoral Affairs. After using the excuse of alleged irregularities to suspend the results of the elections as a pretext for holding on to power, President Kolingba came under intense pressure from GIBAFOR to establish a "Conseil National Politique Provisoire de la République" (Provisional National Political Council, CNPPR) and to set up a "Mixed Electoral Commission", which included representatives from all political parties.[citation needed]
qas: answers: text: a pro-democracy movement
question: What was inspired by the fall of the Berlin wall?

answers: text: the United States
question: What large country pressured CAR to hold elections?

answers: text: October 1992
question: When were free elections held?

answers: text: UN Office of Electoral Affairs
question: Who helped with the Free Elections?

answers: text: alleged irregularities
question: What excuse did Kolingba use to deny the election results?

context: When a second round of elections were finally held in 1993, again with the help of the international community coordinated by GIBAFOR, Ange-Félix Patassé won in the second round of voting with 53% of the vote while Goumba won 45.6%. Patassé's party, the Mouvement pour la Libération du Peuple Centrafricain (MLPC) or Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People, gained a simple but not an absolute majority of seats in parliament, which meant Patassé's party required coalition partners.[citation needed]
qas: answers: text: in 1993
question: When was a second democratic election held?

answers: text: Ange-Félix Patassé
question: Who became the first democratically elected president?

answers: text: 53% of the vote
question: What percentage did Patasse win with?

answers: text: Mouvement pour la Libération du Peuple Centrafricain
question: What was the winning party?

answers: text: gained a simple but not an absolute majority
question: Did Patasse get a majority of the votes?

context: Patassé purged many of the Kolingba elements from the government and Kolingba supporters accused Patassé's government of conducting a "witch hunt" against the Yakoma. A new constitution was approved on 28 December 1994 but had little impact on the country's politics. In 1996–1997, reflecting steadily decreasing public confidence in the government's erratic behaviour, three mutinies against Patassé's administration were accompanied by widespread destruction of property and heightened ethnic tension. During this time (1996) the Peace Corps evacuated all its volunteers to neighboring Cameroon. To date, the Peace Corps has not returned to the Central African Republic. The Bangui Agreements, signed in January 1997, provided for the deployment of an inter-African military mission, to Central African Republic and re-entry of ex-mutineers into the government on 7 April 1997. The inter-African military mission was later replaced by a U.N. peacekeeping force (MINURCA).
qas: answers: text: 28 December 1994
question: When was the new constitution for CAR approved?

answers: text: In 1996–1997
question: When did a mutiny form against Patasse?

answers: text: widespread destruction of property
question: The mutinies caused what effects on the country?

answers: text: The Bangui Agreements
question: What agreement gave the authority for deployment of military intervention?

answers: text: Cameroon
question: Where did the peace corps evacuate to?

context: In the aftermath of the failed coup, militias loyal to Patassé sought revenge against rebels in many neighborhoods of Bangui and incited unrest including the murder of many political opponents. Eventually, Patassé came to suspect that General François Bozizé was involved in another coup attempt against him, which led Bozizé to flee with loyal troops to Chad. In March 2003, Bozizé launched a surprise attack against Patassé, who was out of the country. Libyan troops and some 1,000 soldiers of Bemba's Congolese rebel organization failed to stop the rebels and Bozizé's forces succeeded in overthrowing Patassé.[citation needed]
qas: answers: text: murder of many political opponents
question: The failed coup caused what effects?

answers: text: General François Bozizé
question: Which General was involved in another coup?

answers: text: Chad
question: Where did General Bozize flee to escape?

answers: text: March 2003
question: When did Bozize finally attempt his coup?

answers: text: Bozizé's forces
question: Who succeeded in finally overthrowing Patasse?

context: In 2004 the Central African Republic Bush War began as forces opposed to Bozizé took up arms against his government. In May 2005 Bozizé won a presidential election that excluded Patassé and in 2006 fighting continued between the government and the rebels. In November 2006, Bozizé's government requested French military support to help them repel rebels who had taken control of towns in the country's northern regions. Though the initially public details of the agreement pertained to logistics and intelligence, the French assistance eventually included strikes by Mirage jets against rebel positions.
qas: answers: text: Bush War
question: What war started in 2004?

answers: text: Bozizé won a presidential election
question: In what way did Bozize made his rule legitimate?

answers: text: November 2006
question: When did CAR ask for assistance from the French against rebels?

answers: text: strikes by Mirage jets
question: How did the French assist against the rebels?

answers: text: towns in the country's northern regions
question: What did the rebels take over?

context: The Syrte Agreement in February and the Birao Peace Agreement in April 2007 called for a cessation of hostilities, the billeting of FDPC fighters and their integration with FACA, the liberation of political prisoners, integration of FDPC into government, an amnesty for the UFDR, its recognition as a political party, and the integration of its fighters into the national army. Several groups continued to fight but other groups signed on to the agreement, or similar agreements with the government (e.g. UFR on 15 December 2008). The only major group not to sign an agreement at the time was the CPJP, which continued its activities and signed a peace agreement with the government on 25 August 2012.
qas: answers: text: Syrte Agreement
question: What agreement called for the stop of Hostilities?

answers: text: the liberation of political prisoners
question: What did the Birao Peace Agreement call for?

answers: text: CPJP
question: What major group did not sign the peace agreement immediately?

answers: text: 25 August 2012
question: When did the CPJP finally sign the peace agreement?

answers: text: April 2007
question: When was the Birao Peace Agreement signed?

context: Michel Djotodia took over as president and in May 2013 Central African Republic's Prime Minister Nicolas Tiangaye requested a UN peacekeeping force from the UN Security Council and on 31 May former President Bozizé was indicted for crimes against humanity and incitement of genocide. The security situation did not improve during June–August 2013 and there were reports of over 200,000 internally displaced persons (IDPs) as well as human rights abuses and renewed fighting between Séléka and Bozizé supporters.
qas: answers: text: Michel Djotodia
question: Who became president in 2013?

answers: text: crimes against humanity
question: What was Bozize indicted for?

answers: text: genocide
question: What mass murder did Bozize commit?

answers: text: 200,000
question: How many people were displaced in the unrests?

answers: text: Séléka
question: What faction was fighting against the remaining Bozize loyalists?

context: In the southwest, the Dzanga-Sangha National Park is located in a rain forest area. The country is noted for its population of forest elephants and western lowland gorillas. In the north, the Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park is well-populated with wildlife, including leopards, lions, cheetahs and rhinos, and the Bamingui-Bangoran National Park is located in the northeast of CAR. The parks have been seriously affected by the activities of poachers, particularly those from Sudan, over the past two decades.[citation needed]
qas: answers: text: Dzanga-Sangha National Park
question: What national part is located in the South West?

answers: text: forest elephants
question: What large animals reside in the national park?

answers: text: lowland gorillas
question: Which Primate can be found in the national park?

answers: text: Manovo-Gounda St Floris
question: What National Park can be found in the North?

answers: text: the activities of poachers
question: What has threatened the wildlife in this park?

context: There are many missionary groups operating in the country, including Lutherans, Baptists, Catholics, Grace Brethren, and Jehovah's Witnesses. While these missionaries are predominantly from the United States, France, Italy, and Spain, many are also from Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and other African countries. Large numbers of missionaries left the country when fighting broke out between rebel and government forces in 2002–3, but many of them have now returned to continue their work.
qas: answers: text: missionary groups
question: What religious groups operate in CAR?

answers: text: United States
question: Where do most of the missionaries come from?

answers: text: when fighting broke out between rebel and government forces
question: What caused most of the missionaries to leave the country?

answers: text: Democratic Republic of the Congo
question: What African country bordering CAR are some of these missionaries from?

answers: text: 2002–3
question: When did fighting break out in CAR?

context: In 2006, due to ongoing violence, over 50,000 people in the country's northwest were at risk of starvation but this was averted due to assistance from the United Nations.[citation needed] On 8 January 2008, the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon declared that the Central African Republic was eligible to receive assistance from the Peacebuilding Fund. Three priority areas were identified: first, the reform of the security sector; second, the promotion of good governance and the rule of law; and third, the revitalization of communities affected by conflicts. On 12 June 2008, the Central African Republic requested assistance from the UN Peacebuilding Commission, which was set up in 2005 to help countries emerging from conflict avoid devolving back into war or chaos.
qas: answers: text: risk of starvation
question: Due to fighting, what threatened people in the NorthWest?

answers: text: United Nations
question: Who assisted in saving the people from starvation?

answers: text: Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon
question: Who headed the UN effort to rebuild CAR?

answers: text: 12 June 2008
question: When did CAR request assistance directly to prevent war?

answers: text: UN Peacebuilding Commission
question: Who assisted CAR in avoiding war?

context: A new government was appointed on 31 March 2013, which consisted of members of Séléka and representatives of the opposition to Bozizé, one pro-Bozizé individual, and a number representatives of civil society. On 1 April, the former opposition parties declared that they would boycott the government. After African leaders in Chad refused to recognize Djotodia as President, proposing to form a transitional council and the holding of new elections, Djotodia signed a decree on 6 April for the formation of a council that would act as a transitional parliament. The council was tasked with electing a president to serve prior to elections in 18 months.
qas: answers: text: 31 March 2013
question: When was the new Government seated in CAR?

answers: text: boycott the government
question: What did the former opposition parties declare?

answers: text: Djotodia
question: Who was refused as new president?

answers: text: a transitional parliament
question: Who would rule the country temporarily?

answers: text: 18 months
question: How long did the parliament have until the next election?

context: The per capita income of the Republic is often listed as being approximately $400 a year, one of the lowest in the world, but this figure is based mostly on reported sales of exports and largely ignores the unregistered sale of foods, locally produced alcoholic beverages, diamonds, ivory, bushmeat, and traditional medicine. For most Central Africans, the informal economy of the CAR is more important than the formal economy.[citation needed] Export trade is hindered by poor economic development and the country's landlocked position.[citation needed]
qas: answers: text: $400 a year
question: What is the per capita income in CAR?

answers: text: one of the lowest
question: How is the per capita income compared to the world?

answers: text: diamonds
question: What gemstone comes from the CAR?

answers: text: ivory
question: Which item that poachers kill elephants for can be obtained in CAR?

answers: text: country's landlocked position
question: What hinders export?

context: Agriculture is dominated by the cultivation and sale of food crops such as cassava, peanuts, maize, sorghum, millet, sesame, and plantain. The annual real GDP growth rate is just above 3%. The importance of food crops over exported cash crops is indicated by the fact that the total production of cassava, the staple food of most Central Africans, ranges between 200,000 and 300,000 tonnes a year, while the production of cotton, the principal exported cash crop, ranges from 25,000 to 45,000 tonnes a year. Food crops are not exported in large quantities, but still constitute the principal cash crops of the country, because Central Africans derive far more income from the periodic sale of surplus food crops than from exported cash crops such as cotton or coffee.[citation needed] Much of the country is self-sufficient in food crops; however, livestock development is hindered by the presence of the tsetse fly.[citation needed]
qas: answers: text: food crops
question: What type of agriculture is popular in the CAR?

answers: text: 3%
question: The economy grows at what rate in the last few years?

answers: text: 200,000 and 300,000
question: How many tonnes of Cassave is produced per year?

answers: text: cotton
question: What product is produced that is exported?

answers: text: tsetse fly
question: Which insect hinders livestock development?

context: Presently, the Central African Republic has active television services, radio stations, internet service providers, and mobile phone carriers; Socatel is the leading provider for both internet and mobile phone access throughout the country. The primary governmental regulating bodies of telecommunications are the Ministère des Postes and Télécommunications et des Nouvelles Technologies. In addition, the Central African Republic receives international support on telecommunication related operations from ITU Telecommunication Development Sector (ITU-D) within the International Telecommunication Union to improve infrastructure.
qas: answers: text: Socatel
question: What is the major telecommunications provider in CAR?

answers: text: Ministère des Postes and Télécommunications et des Nouvelles Technologies
question: Which body regulated communications?

answers: text: internet service
question: What type of access is available?

answers: text: ITU Telecommunication Development Sector
question: Who assists CAR with telecommunications?

answers: text: improve infrastructure
question: What does the CAR get help with with regards to communication from ITU-D?

context: The 2009 Human Rights Report by the United States Department of State noted that human rights in CAR were poor and expressed concerns over numerous government abuses. The U.S. State Department alleged that major human rights abuses such as extrajudicial executions by security forces, torture, beatings and rape of suspects and prisoners occurred with impunity. It also alleged harsh and life-threatening conditions in prisons and detention centers, arbitrary arrest, prolonged pretrial detention and denial of a fair trial, restrictions on freedom of movement, official corruption, and restrictions on workers' rights.
qas: answers: text: poor
question: How are the human rights in the CAR?

answers: text: government abuses
question: What concerns are there regarding to human rights?

answers: text: extrajudicial executions
question: What punishment is a human rights violation per the US state Dept?

answers: text: harsh and life-threatening conditions
question: How is the prison quality in the CAR?

answers: text: arbitrary arrest, prolonged pretrial detention and denial of a fair trial
question: What right in a court is denied and considered a human right violation?