Somerset

context: Somerset is a rural county of rolling hills such as the Blackdown Hills, Mendip Hills, Quantock Hills and Exmoor National Park, and large flat expanses of land including the Somerset Levels. There is evidence of human occupation from Paleolithic times, and of subsequent settlement in the Roman and Anglo-Saxon periods. The county played a significant part in the consolidation of power and rise of King Alfred the Great, and later in the English Civil War and the Monmouth Rebellion. The city of Bath is famous for its substantial Georgian architecture and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
qas: answers: text: Somerset is a rural county of rolling hills
question: What type of region is somerset

answers: text: Blackdown Hills, Mendip Hills, Quantock Hills and Exmoor National Park, and large flat expanses of land including the Somerset Levels
question: What are some areas of Somerset county

answers: text: There is evidence of human occupation from Paleolithic times, and of subsequent settlement in the Roman and Anglo-Saxon periods
question: How far back was the county populated 

answers: text: a significant part in the consolidation of power and rise of King Alfred the Great, and later in the English Civil War and the Monmouth Rebellion
question: What Kings rise did the county play part in 

answers: text: substantial Georgian architecture and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site
question: What is the city of Bath famous for 

context: The people of Somerset are mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle's entry for AD 845, in the inflected form "Sumursætum", and the county is recorded in the entry for 1015 using the same name. The archaic name Somersetshire was mentioned in the Chronicle's entry for 878. Although "Somersetshire" was in common use as an alternative name for the county, it went out of fashion in the late 19th century, and is no longer used possibly due to the adoption of "Somerset" as the county's official name after the establishment of the county council in 1889. As with other counties not ending in "shire," the suffix was superfluous, as there was no need to differentiate between the county and a town within it.
qas: answers: text: Anglo-Saxon Chronicle's entry for AD 845
question: What are the people of somerset mentioned in 

answers: text: The archaic name Somersetshire was mentioned in the Chronicle's entry for 878
question: What archaic name was mentioned in 878 

answers: text: it went out of fashion in the late 19th century
question: When did the county stop using Somersetshire 

answers: text: As with other counties not ending in "shire," the suffix was superfluous, as there was no need to differentiate between the county and a town
question: What was superfluous 

context: After the Romans left, Britain was invaded by Anglo-Saxon peoples. By AD 600 they had established control over much of what is now England, but Somerset was still in native British hands. The British held back Saxon advance into the south-west for some time longer, but by the early eighth century King Ine of Wessex had pushed the boundaries of the West Saxon kingdom far enough west to include Somerset. The Saxon royal palace in Cheddar was used several times in the 10th century to host the Witenagemot. After the Norman Conquest, the county was divided into 700 fiefs, and large areas were owned by the crown, with fortifications such as Dunster Castle used for control and defence. Somerset contains HM Prison Shepton Mallet, which was England's oldest prison still in use prior to its closure in 2013, having opened in 1610. In the English Civil War Somerset was largely Parliamentarian, with key engagements being the Sieges of Taunton and the Battle of Langport. In 1685 the Monmouth Rebellion was played out in Somerset and neighbouring Dorset. The rebels landed at Lyme Regis and travelled north, hoping to capture Bristol and Bath, but they were defeated in the Battle of Sedgemoor at Westonzoyland, the last pitched battle fought in England. Arthur Wellesley took his title, Duke of Wellington from the town of Wellington; he is commemorated on a nearby hill by a large, spotlit obelisk, known as the Wellington Monument.
qas: answers: text: Britain was invaded by Anglo-Saxon peoples
question: Who invaded Britain when the Romans Left 

answers: text: by the early eighth century King Ine of Wessex had pushed the boundaries of the West Saxon kingdom far enough west to include Somerset
question: It took how long for the Anglo Saxons to control  the Somerset area 

answers: text: was used several times in the 10th century to host the Witenagemot
question: What was the Saxon Royal Palace used for 

answers: text: HM Prison Shepton Mallet, which was England's oldest prison still in use prior to its closure in 2013, having opened in 1610
question: What prison does somerset county contain 

answers: text: Monmouth Rebellion was played out in Somerset and neighbouring Dorset
question: What rebellion took place in Somerset in 1685 

context: The Industrial Revolution in the Midlands and Northern England spelled the end for most of Somerset's cottage industries. Farming continued to flourish, however, and the Bath and West of England Society for the Encouragement of Agriculture, Arts, Manufactures and Commerce was founded in 1777 to improve farming methods. Despite this, 20 years later John Billingsley conducted a survey of the county's agriculture in 1795 and found that agricultural methods could still be improved. Coal mining was an important industry in north Somerset during the 18th and 19th centuries, and by 1800 it was prominent in Radstock. The Somerset Coalfield reached its peak production by the 1920s, but all the pits have now been closed, the last in 1973. Most of the surface buildings have been removed, and apart from a winding wheel outside Radstock Museum, little evidence of their former existence remains. Further west, the Brendon Hills were mined for iron ore in the late 19th century; this was taken by the West Somerset Mineral Railway to Watchet Harbour for shipment to the furnaces at Ebbw Vale.
qas: answers: text: The Industrial Revolution in the Midlands and Northern England spelled the end for most of Somerset's cottage industries
question: What ended Somersets cottage industry 

answers: text: Farming continued to flourish
question: What flourished in Somerset after the Industrial revelotuion

answers: text: Coal mining was an important industry in north Somerset
question: What Industry was important in the late 18th and 19th century of North Somerset

answers: text: iron ore in the late 19th century; this was taken by the West Somerset Mineral Railway to Watchet Harbour for shipment to the furnaces at Ebbw Vale
question: What did the west somerset mineral way transport 

context: Many Somerset soldiers died during the First World War, with the Somerset Light Infantry suffering nearly 5,000 casualties. War memorials were put up in most of the county's towns and villages; only nine, described as the Thankful Villages, had none of their residents killed. During the Second World War the county was a base for troops preparing for the D-Day landings. Some of the hospitals which were built for the casualties of the war remain in use. The Taunton Stop Line was set up to repel a potential German invasion. The remains of its pill boxes can still be seen along the coast, and south through Ilminster and Chard.
qas: answers: text: Many Somerset soldiers died during the First World War, with the Somerset Light Infantry suffering nearly 5,000 casualties
question: How many Somerset soldiers were killed in WW1

answers: text: only nine, described as the Thankful Villages, had none of their residents killed
question: How many counties had no casualties in WW1 

answers: text: for troops preparing for the D-Day landings
question: The county was base for what in WW2

answers: text: The Taunton Stop Line was set up to repel a potential German invasion
question: What is the Tauton stop line 

context: A number of decoy towns were constructed in Somerset in World War II to protect Bristol and other towns, at night. They were designed to mimic the geometry of "blacked out" streets, railway lines, and Bristol Temple Meads railway station, to encourage bombers away from these targets. One, on the radio beam flight path to Bristol, was constructed on Beacon Batch. It was laid out by Shepperton Studios, based on aerial photographs of the city's railway marshalling yards. The decoys were fitted with dim red lights, simulating activities like the stoking of steam locomotives. Burning bales of straw soaked in creosote were used to simulate the effects of incendiary bombs dropped by the first wave of Pathfinder night bombers; meanwhile, incendiary bombs dropped on the correct location were quickly smothered, wherever possible. Drums of oil were also ignited to simulate the effect of a blazing city or town, with the aim of fooling subsequent waves of bombers into dropping their bombs on the wrong location. The Chew Magna decoy town was hit by half-a-dozen bombs on 2 December 1940, and over a thousand incendiaries on 3 January 1941. The following night the Uphill decoy town, protecting Weston-super-Mare's airfield, was bombed; a herd of dairy cows was hit, killing some and severely injuring others.
qas: answers: text: decoy towns were constructed in Somerset in World War II to protect Bristol and other towns, at night
question: Why were decoy towns used in WW2

answers: text: mimic the geometry of "blacked out" streets, railway lines, and Bristol Temple Meads railway station, to encourage bombers away from these targets
question: What did the decoy towns mimic 

answers: text: Shepperton Studios, based on aerial photographs of the city's railway marshalling yards. The decoys were fitted with dim red lights
question: Who layed out  Beacon Batch 

answers: text: The Chew Magna decoy town was hit by half-a-dozen bombs on 2 December 1940, and over a thousand incendiaries on 3 January 1941
question: What decoy city was hit 

context: The boundaries of Somerset are largely unaltered from medieval times. The River Avon formed much of the border with Gloucestershire, except that the hundred of Bath Forum, which straddles the Avon, formed part of Somerset. Bristol began as a town on the Gloucestershire side of the Avon, however as it grew it extended across the river into Somerset. In 1373 Edward III proclaimed "that the town of Bristol with its suburbs and precincts shall henceforth be separate from the counties of Gloucester and Somerset... and that it should be a county by itself".
qas: answers: text: are largely unaltered from medieval times
question: How long have the boundaries of somerset remained constant 

answers: text: The River Avon formed much of the border with Gloucestershire, except that the hundred of Bath Forum
question: What river forms the border of Somerset 

answers: text: Edward III proclaimed "that the town of Bristol with its suburbs and precincts shall henceforth be separate from the counties of Gloucester and Somerset
question: What did king Edward the 3 do 

context: Somerton took over from Ilchester as the county town in the late thirteenth century, but it declined in importance and the status of county town transferred to Taunton about 1366. The county has two cities, Bath and Wells, and 30 towns (including the county town of Taunton, which has no town council but instead is the chief settlement of the county's only borough). The largest urban areas in terms of population are Bath, Weston-super-Mare, Taunton, Yeovil and Bridgwater. Many settlements developed because of their strategic importance in relation to geographical features, such as river crossings or valleys in ranges of hills. Examples include Axbridge on the River Axe, Castle Cary on the River Cary, North Petherton on the River Parrett, and Ilminster, where there was a crossing point on the River Isle. Midsomer Norton lies on the River Somer; while the Wellow Brook and the Fosse Way Roman road run through Radstock. Chard is the most southerly town in Somerset, and at an altitude of 121 m (397 ft) it is also the highest.
qas: answers: text: in the late thirteenth century, but it declined in importance and the status of county town transferred to Taunton about 1366
question: When did Somerton take over from Ilchester as the county town 

answers: text: The county has two cities, Bath and Wells, and 30 towns
question: How many cities and towns in Somerset 

answers: text: in terms of population are Bath, Weston-super-Mare, Taunton, Yeovil and Bridgwater
question: The largest populations of the county 

answers: text: strategic importance in relation to geographical features, such as river crossings or valleys in ranges of hills
question: What was the strategic purpose to settle this area 

answers: text: Chard is the most southerly town in Somerset, and at an altitude of 121 m (397 ft) it is also the highest
question: Most Southernly town of somerset

context: To the north-east of the Somerset Levels, the Mendip Hills are moderately high limestone hills. The central and western Mendip Hills was designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in 1972 and covers 198 km2 (76 sq mi). The main habitat on these hills is calcareous grassland, with some arable agriculture. To the south-west of the Somerset Levels are the Quantock Hills which was England's first Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty designated in 1956 which is covered in heathland, oak woodlands, ancient parklands with plantations of conifer and covers 99 square kilometres. The Somerset Coalfield is part of a larger coalfield which stretches into Gloucestershire. To the north of the Mendip hills is the Chew Valley and to the south, on the clay substrate, are broad valleys which support dairy farming and drain into the Somerset Levels.
qas: answers: text: the Mendip Hills are moderately high limestone hills
question: What area lies in the northeastern part of Somerset levels 

answers: text: Quantock Hills which was England's first Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty designated in 1956
question: What area was Designated to have outstanding beauty 

answers: text: The Somerset Coalfield is part of a larger coalfield which stretches into Gloucestershire
question: What is the name of the coal field 

answers: text: on the clay substrate, are broad valleys which support dairy farming and drain into the Somerset Levels.
question: What area support dairy farming 

context: There is an extensive network of caves, including Wookey Hole, underground rivers, and gorges, including the Cheddar Gorge and Ebbor Gorge. The county has many rivers, including the Axe, Brue, Cary, Parrett, Sheppey, Tone and Yeo. These both feed and drain the flat levels and moors of mid and west Somerset. In the north of the county the River Chew flows into the Bristol Avon. The Parrett is tidal almost to Langport, where there is evidence of two Roman wharfs. At the same site during the reign of King Charles I, river tolls were levied on boats to pay for the maintenance of the bridge.
qas: answers: text: an extensive network of caves, including Wookey Hole
question: What's the name of the cave system 

answers: text: and gorges, including the Cheddar Gorge and Ebbor Gorge
question: Name 2 of the county gorges 

answers: text: the Axe, Brue, Cary, Parrett, Sheppey, Tone and Yeo
question: Name some of the county rivers 

answers: text: King Charles I, river tolls were levied on boats to pay for the maintenance of the bridge.
question: What did King charles levy on river boats 

context: The Somerset Levels (or Somerset Levels and Moors as they are less commonly but more correctly known) are a sparsely populated wetland area of central Somerset, between the Quantock and Mendip hills. They consist of marine clay levels along the coast, and the inland (often peat based) moors. The Levels are divided into two by the Polden Hills; land to the south is drained by the River Parrett while land to the north is drained by the River Axe and the River Brue. The total area of the Levels amounts to about 647.5 square kilometres (160,000 acres) and broadly corresponds to the administrative district of Sedgemoor but also includes the south west of Mendip district. Approximately 70% of the area is grassland and 30% is arable. Stretching about 32 kilometres (20 mi) inland, this expanse of flat land barely rises above sea level. Before it was drained, much of the land was under a shallow brackish sea in winter and was marsh land in summer. Drainage began with the Romans, and was restarted at various times: by the Anglo-Saxons; in the Middle Ages by the Glastonbury Abbey, from 1400–1770; and during the Second World War, with the construction of the Huntspill River. Pumping and management of water levels still continues.
qas: answers: text: are a sparsely populated wetland area of central Somerset, between the Quantock and Mendip hills
question: What are the Somerset levels 

answers: text: marine clay levels along the coast, and the inland (often peat based) moors
question: what do the Somerset levels consist of 

answers: text: the Polden Hills; land to the south is drained by the River Parrett while land to the north is drained by the River Axe and the River Brue
question: what are the 2 sections of the somerset levels

answers: text: The total area of the Levels amounts to about 647.5 square kilometres (160,000 acres)
question: What is the total area of the levels 

answers: text: the Romans, and was restarted at various times: by the Anglo-Saxons
question: who started drainage of the Somerset levels 

context: The main coastal towns are, from the west to the north-east, Minehead, Watchet, Burnham-on-Sea, Weston-super-Mare, Clevedon and Portishead. The coastal area between Minehead and the eastern extreme of the administrative county's coastline at Brean Down is known as Bridgwater Bay, and is a National Nature Reserve. North of that, the coast forms Weston Bay and Sand Bay whose northern tip, Sand Point, marks the lower limit of the Severn Estuary. In the mid and north of the county the coastline is low as the level wetlands of the levels meet the sea. In the west, the coastline is high and dramatic where the plateau of Exmoor meets the sea, with high cliffs and waterfalls.
qas: answers: text: Minehead, Watchet, Burnham-on-Sea, Weston-super-Mare, Clevedon and Portishead
question: What are the main coastal towns 

answers: text: Bridgwater Bay, and is a National Nature Reserve
question: what is the name of the natural reserve area 

answers: text: the coastline is high and dramatic where the plateau of Exmoor meets the sea, with high cliffs and waterfalls.
question: what does the western coastline look like 

context: Along with the rest of South West England, Somerset has a temperate climate which is generally wetter and milder than the rest of the country. The annual mean temperature is approximately 10 °C (50.0 °F). Seasonal temperature variation is less extreme than most of the United Kingdom because of the adjacent sea temperatures. The summer months of July and August are the warmest with mean daily maxima of approximately 21 °C (69.8 °F). In winter mean minimum temperatures of 1 °C (33.8 °F) or 2 °C (35.6 °F) are common. In the summer the Azores high pressure affects the south-west of England, but convective cloud sometimes forms inland, reducing the number of hours of sunshine. Annual sunshine rates are slightly less than the regional average of 1,600 hours. In December 1998 there were 20 days without sun recorded at Yeovilton. Most the rainfall in the south-west is caused by Atlantic depressions or by convection. Most of the rainfall in autumn and winter is caused by the Atlantic depressions, which is when they are most active. In summer, a large proportion of the rainfall is caused by sun heating the ground leading to convection and to showers and thunderstorms. Average rainfall is around 700 mm (28 in). About 8–15 days of snowfall is typical. November to March have the highest mean wind speeds, and June to August the lightest winds. The predominant wind direction is from the south-west.
qas: answers: text: a temperate climate which is generally wetter and milder than the rest of the country
question: What is the somerset climate like 

answers: text: Annual sunshine rates are slightly less than the regional average of 1,600 hours
question: The annual sunshine rate of somerset 

answers: text: About 8–15 days of snowfall is typical
question: How many days of snow on average 

answers: text: Average rainfall is around 700 mm (28 in)
question: The average rainfall level of somerset 

context: Bridgwater was developed during the Industrial Revolution as the area's leading port. The River Parrett was navigable by large ships as far as Bridgwater. Cargoes were then loaded onto smaller boats at Langport Quay, next to the Bridgwater Bridge, to be carried further up river to Langport; or they could turn off at Burrowbridge and then travel via the River Tone to Taunton. The Parrett is now only navigable as far as Dunball Wharf. Bridgwater, in the 19th and 20th centuries, was a centre for the manufacture of bricks and clay roof tiles, and later cellophane, but those industries have now stopped. With its good links to the motorway system, Bridgwater has developed as a distribution hub for companies such as Argos, Toolstation, Morrisons and Gerber Juice. AgustaWestland manufactures helicopters in Yeovil, and Normalair Garratt, builder of aircraft oxygen systems, is also based in the town. Many towns have encouraged small-scale light industries, such as Crewkerne's Ariel Motor Company, one of the UK's smallest car manufacturers.
qas: answers: text: Bridgwater was developed during the Industrial Revolution as the area's leading port
question: What is the leading port of somerset 

answers: text: was a centre for the manufacture of bricks and clay roof tiles, and later cellophane, but those industries have now stopped
question: what was manufacture in Bridgeport in the 19th and 20th century

answers: text: Bridgwater has developed as a distribution hub for companies such as Argos, Toolstation, Morrisons and Gerber Juice
question: The good motor system presently allows for 

answers: text: AgustaWestland manufactures helicopters in Yeovil, and Normalair Garratt, builder of aircraft oxygen systems
question: where are aircraft manufactured 

answers: text: Many towns have encouraged small-scale light industries, such as Crewkerne's Ariel Motor Company, one of the UK's smallest car manufacturers
question: What do many towns encourage 

context: Somerset is an important supplier of defence equipment and technology. A Royal Ordnance Factory, ROF Bridgwater was built at the start of the Second World War, between the villages of Puriton and Woolavington, to manufacture explosives. The site was decommissioned and closed in July 2008. Templecombe has Thales Underwater Systems, and Taunton presently has the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office and Avimo, which became part of Thales Optics. It has been announced twice, in 2006 and 2007, that manufacturing is to end at Thales Optics' Taunton site, but the trade unions and Taunton Deane District Council are working to reverse or mitigate these decisions. Other high-technology companies include the optics company Gooch and Housego, at Ilminster. There are Ministry of Defence offices in Bath, and Norton Fitzwarren is the home of 40 Commando Royal Marines. The Royal Naval Air Station in Yeovilton, is one of Britain's two active Fleet Air Arm bases and is home to the Royal Navy's Lynx helicopters and the Royal Marines Commando Westland Sea Kings. Around 1,675 service and 2,000 civilian personnel are stationed at Yeovilton and key activities include training of aircrew and engineers and the Royal Navy's Fighter Controllers and surface-based aircraft controllers.
qas: answers: text: A Royal Ordnance Factory, ROF Bridgwater was built at the start of the Second World War, between the villages of Puriton and Woolavington
question: What type of factory was built in Somerset 

answers: text: Other high-technology companies include the optics company Gooch and Housego, at Ilminster
question: What other high tech industry is in Somerset 

answers: text: The Royal Naval Air Station in Yeovilton, is one of Britain's two active Fleet Air Arm bases and is home to the Royal Navy's Lynx helicopters
question: What is yeovilton home to 

answers: text: Norton Fitzwarren is the home of 40 Commando Royal Marines
question: What area is home to royal marines 

answers: text: defence equipment and technology.
question: What is Somerset an important supplier of 

context: Agriculture and food and drink production continue to be major industries in the county, employing over 15,000 people. Apple orchards were once plentiful, and Somerset is still a major producer of cider. The towns of Taunton and Shepton Mallet are involved with the production of cider, especially Blackthorn Cider, which is sold nationwide, and there are specialist producers such as Burrow Hill Cider Farm and Thatchers Cider. Gerber Products Company in Bridgwater is the largest producer of fruit juices in Europe, producing brands such as "Sunny Delight" and "Ocean Spray." Development of the milk-based industries, such as Ilchester Cheese Company and Yeo Valley Organic, have resulted in the production of ranges of desserts, yoghurts and cheeses, including Cheddar cheese—some of which has the West Country Farmhouse Cheddar Protected Designation of Origin (PDO).
qas: answers: text: Agriculture and food and drink production continue to be major industries in the county, employing over 15,000 people
question: What area employs 15000 people in the couinty

answers: text: Apple orchards were once plentiful, and Somerset is still a major producer of cider
question: What type of orchids used to be pleantiful 

answers: text: Gerber Products Company in Bridgwater is the largest producer of fruit juices in Europe, producing brands such as "Sunny Delight" and "Ocean Spray
question: What area is important to the fruit juice industry 

answers: text: Cheddar cheese—some of which has the West Country Farmhouse Cheddar Protected Designation of Origin (PDO).
question: What area is PDO 

context: Traditional willow growing and weaving (such as basket weaving) is not as extensive as it used to be but is still carried out on the Somerset Levels and is commemorated at the Willows and Wetlands Visitor Centre. Fragments of willow basket were found near the Glastonbury Lake Village, and it was also used in the construction of several Iron Age causeways. The willow was harvested using a traditional method of pollarding, where a tree would be cut back to the main stem. During the 1930s more than 3,600 hectares (8,900 acres) of willow were being grown commercially on the Levels. Largely due to the displacement of baskets with plastic bags and cardboard boxes, the industry has severely declined since the 1950s. By the end of the 20th century only about 140 hectares (350 acres) were grown commercially, near the villages of Burrowbridge, Westonzoyland and North Curry. The Somerset Levels is now the only area in the UK where basket willow is grown commercially.
qas: answers: text: Traditional willow growing and weaving (such as basket weaving) is not as extensive as it used to be but is still carried out on the Somerset Levels
question: Where is willow growing still practiced 

answers: text: The willow was harvested using a traditional method of pollarding, where a tree would be cut back to the main stem
question: What is pollarding 

answers: text: Largely due to the displacement of baskets with plastic bags and cardboard boxes, the industry has severely declined since the 1950s
question: What did plastic bags result in 

answers: text: The Somerset Levels is now the only area in the UK where basket willow is grown commercially.
question: The somerset level is the only area left  to commercially grow what 

context: Towns such as Castle Cary and Frome grew around the medieval weaving industry. Street developed as a centre for the production of woollen slippers and, later, boots and shoes, with C. & J. Clark establishing its headquarters in the town. C&J Clark's shoes are no longer manufactured there as the work was transferred to lower-wage areas, such as China and Asia. Instead, in 1993, redundant factory buildings were converted to form Clarks Village, the first purpose-built factory outlet in the UK. C&J Clark also had shoe factories, at one time at Bridgwater, Minehead, Westfield and Weston super Mare to provide employment outside the main summer tourist season, but those satellite sites were closed in the late 1980s, before the main site at Street. Dr. Martens shoes were also made in Somerset, by the Northampton-based R. Griggs Group, using redundant skilled shoemakers from C&J Clark; that work has also been transferred to Asia.
qas: answers: text: Castle Cary and Frome grew around the medieval weaving industry
question: What towns grew around the weaving Industry 

answers: text: the work was transferred to lower-wage areas, such as China and Asia
question: Why did Cj clark shoes leave the area 

answers: text: Dr. Martens shoes were also made in Somerset, by the Northampton-based R. Griggs Group
question: What famous shoe brand was made in Somerset 

context: The county has a long tradition of supplying freestone and building stone. Quarries at Doulting supplied freestone used in the construction of Wells Cathedral. Bath stone is also widely used. Ralph Allen promoted its use in the early 18th century, as did Hans Price in the 19th century, but it was used long before then. It was mined underground at Combe Down and Bathampton Down Mines, and as a result of cutting the Box Tunnel, at locations in Wiltshire such as Box. Bath stone is still used on a reduced scale today, but more often as a cladding rather than a structural material. Further south, Hamstone is the colloquial name given to stone from Ham Hill, which is also widely used in the construction industry. Blue Lias has been used locally as a building stone and as a raw material for lime mortar and Portland cement. Until the 1960s, Puriton had Blue Lias stone quarries, as did several other Polden villages. Its quarries also supplied a cement factory at Dunball, adjacent to the King's Sedgemoor Drain. Its derelict, early 20th century remains, was removed when the M5 motorway was constructed in the mid-1970s. Since the 1920s, the county has supplied aggregates. Foster Yeoman is Europe's large supplier of limestone aggregates, with quarries at Merehead Quarry. It has a dedicated railway operation, Mendip Rail, which is used to transport aggregates by rail from a group of Mendip quarries.
qas: answers: text: supplying freestone and building stone
question: What type of stone was supplied in the county 

answers: text: Ralph Allen promoted its use in the early 18th century, as did Hans Price in the 19th century
question: Who promoted the use of stone from the  Bath area

answers: text: Blue Lias has been used locally as a building stone and as a raw material for lime mortar and Portland cement
question: What are some uses for Blue Lias

answers: text: the county has supplied aggregates. Foster Yeoman is Europe's large supplier of limestone aggregates
question: What has been supplied by the county since the 1920's 

context: Tourism is a major industry, estimated in 2001 to support around 23,000 people. Attractions include the coastal towns, part of the Exmoor National Park, the West Somerset Railway (a heritage railway), and the museum of the Fleet Air Arm at RNAS Yeovilton. The town of Glastonbury has mythical associations, including legends of a visit by the young Jesus of Nazareth and Joseph of Arimathea, with links to the Holy Grail, King Arthur, and Camelot, identified by some as Cadbury Castle, an Iron Age hill fort. Glastonbury also gives its name to an annual open-air rock festival held in nearby Pilton. There are show caves open to visitors in the Cheddar Gorge, as well as its locally produced cheese, although there is now only one remaining cheese maker in the village of Cheddar.
qas: answers: text: estimated in 2001 to support around 23,000 people
question: Tourism supports how many people in the County 

answers: text: the coastal towns, part of the Exmoor National Park, the West Somerset Railway (a heritage railway), and the museum of the Fleet Air Arm at RNAS Yeovilton
question: Some of the county attractions are 

answers: text: mythical associations, including legends of a visit by the young Jesus of Nazareth and Joseph of Arimathea, with links to the Holy Grail, King Arthur
question: What does Glastonbury have associations with 

answers: text: Glastonbury also gives its name to an annual open-air rock festival held in nearby Pilton
question: What type of festival is Glastonbury famous for 

answers: text: locally produced cheese, although there is now only one remaining cheese maker in the village of Cheddar
question: What type of cheese is the county famous for 

context: Hinkley Point C nuclear power station is a project to construct a 3,200 MW two reactor nuclear power station. On 18 October 2010, the British government announced that Hinkley Point – already the site of the disused Hinkley Point A and the still operational Hinkley Point B power stations – was one of the eight sites it considered suitable for future nuclear power stations. NNB Generation Company, a subsidiary of EDF, submitted an application for development consent to the Infrastructure Planning Commission on 31 October 2011. A protest group, Stop Hinkley, was formed to campaign for the closure of Hinkley Point B and oppose any expansion at the Hinkley Point site. In December 2013, the European Commission opened an investigation to assess whether the project breaks state-aid rules. On 8 October 2014 it was announced that the European Commission has approved the project, with an overwhelming majority and only four commissioners voting against the decision.
qas: answers: text: Hinkley Point C nuclear power station is a project to construct a 3,200 MW two reactor nuclear power station
question: What is Hinkley point C 

answers: text: Stop Hinkley, was formed to campaign for the closure of Hinkley Point B and oppose any expansion at the Hinkley Point site
question: What was Stop Hinkley 

answers: text: opened an investigation to assess whether the project breaks state-aid rules
question: What did the European Commission review 

answers: text: the European Commission has approved the project, with an overwhelming majority and only four commissioners voting against the decision.
question: How did the Commission vote turn out 

context: Population growth is higher than the national average, with a 6.4% increase, in the Somerset County Council area, since 1991, and a 17% increase since 1981. The population density is 1.4 persons per hectare, which can be compared to 2.07 persons per hectare for the South West region. Within the county, population density ranges 0.5 in West Somerset to 2.2 persons per hectare in Taunton Deane. The percentage of the population who are economically active is higher than the regional and national average, and the unemployment rate is lower than the regional and national average.
qas: answers: text: Population growth is higher than the national average, with a 6.4% increase, in the Somerset County Council area, since 1991, and a 17% increase since 1981
question: What is the population growth rate of Somerset county 

answers: text: the unemployment rate is lower than the regional and national average.
question: The unemployment rate of the county 

answers: text: is higher than the regional and national average
question: What percentage of the population is economically active 

context: Somerset has a high indigenous British population, with 98.8% registering as white British and 92.4% of these as born in the United Kingdom. Chinese is the largest ethnic group, while the black minority ethnic proportion of the total population is 2.9%. Over 25% of Somerset's population is concentrated in Taunton, Bridgwater and Yeovil. The rest of the county is rural and sparsely populated. Over 9 million tourist nights are spent in Somerset each year, which significantly increases the population at peak times.
qas: answers: text: Somerset has a high indigenous British population, with 98.8% registering as white British and 92.4% of these as born in the United Kingdom
question: What percentage of the population is native 

answers: text: Chinese is the largest ethnic group
question: The largest ethnic group in somerset county is 

answers: text: Over 25% of Somerset's population is concentrated in Taunton, Bridgwater and Yeovil
question: Tauton Bridgewater and Yeovil has what concentration of the population

answers: text: Over 9 million tourist nights are spent in Somerset each year
question: How many tourist nights are spent in Somerset

context: The ceremonial county of Somerset consists of a two-tier non-metropolitan county, which is administered by Somerset County Council and five district councils, and two unitary authority areas (whose councils combine the functions of a county and a district). The five districts of Somerset are West Somerset, South Somerset, Taunton Deane, Mendip, and Sedgemoor. The two unitary authorities — which were established on 1 April 1996 following the break-up of the short-lived county of Avon — are North Somerset, and Bath & North East Somerset.
qas: answers: text: The ceremonial county of Somerset consists of a two-tier non-metropolitan county
question: How many tiers  does somerset county consist of 

answers: text: The five districts of Somerset are West Somerset, South Somerset, Taunton Deane, Mendip, and Sedgemoor
question: What are the 5 districts of Somerset 

answers: text: North Somerset, and Bath & North East Somerset
question: What 2 Unitary authorities were established in april 1996 

context: All of the ceremonial county of Somerset is covered by the Avon and Somerset Constabulary, a police force which also covers Bristol and South Gloucestershire. The Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service was formed in 2007 upon the merger of the Somerset Fire and Rescue Service with its neighbouring Devon service; it covers the area of Somerset County Council as well as the entire ceremonial county of Devon. The unitary districts of North Somerset and Bath & North East Somerset are instead covered by the Avon Fire and Rescue Service, a service which also covers Bristol and South Gloucestershire. The South Western Ambulance Service covers the entire South West of England, including all of Somerset; prior to February 2013 the unitary districts of Somerset came under the Great Western Ambulance Service, which merged into South Western. The Dorset and Somerset Air Ambulance is a charitable organisation based in the county.
qas: answers: text: Somerset is covered by the Avon and Somerset Constabulary, a police force which also covers Bristol and South Gloucestershire
question: What police force covers the ceremonial county 

answers: text: The Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service was formed in 2007 upon the merger of the Somerset Fire and Rescue Service with its neighbouring Devon service
question: What fire / rescue squad was formed in 2007 

answers: text: covers the entire South West of England, including all of Somerset
question: What area does South western Ambulance  Service cover 

answers: text: The Dorset and Somerset Air Ambulance
question: What is the name of the charitable air ambulance service 

context: The Glastonbury Festival of Contemporary Performing Arts takes place most years in Pilton, near Shepton Mallet, attracting over 170,000 music and culture lovers from around the world to see world-famous entertainers. The Big Green Gathering which grew out of the Green fields at the Glastonbury Festival is held in the Mendip Hills between Charterhouse and Compton Martin each summer. The annual Bath Literature Festival is one of several local festivals in the county; others include the Frome Festival and the Trowbridge Village Pump Festival, which, despite its name, is held at Farleigh Hungerford in Somerset. The annual circuit of West Country Carnivals is held in a variety of Somerset towns during the autumn, forming a major regional festival, and the largest Festival of Lights in Europe.
qas: answers: text: takes place most years in Pilton, near Shepton Mallet
question: Where does the Glastonbury Music festival take place 

answers: text: The annual Bath Literature Festival is one of several local festivals in the county
question: who holds a literature festival each summer 

answers: text: The annual circuit of West Country Carnivals is held in a variety of Somerset towns during the autumn
question: The annual Carnival is held when and where 

context: In Arthurian legend, Avalon became associated with Glastonbury Tor when monks at Glastonbury Abbey claimed to have discovered the bones of King Arthur and his queen. What is more certain is that Glastonbury was an important religious centre by 700 and claims to be "the oldest above-ground Christian church in the World" situated "in the mystical land of Avalon." The claim is based on dating the founding of the community of monks at AD 63, the year of the legendary visit of Joseph of Arimathea, who was supposed to have brought the Holy Grail. During the Middle Ages there were also important religious sites at Woodspring Priory and Muchelney Abbey. The present Diocese of Bath and Wells covers Somerset – with the exception of the Parish of Abbots Leigh with Leigh Woods in North Somerset – and a small area of Dorset. The Episcopal seat of the Bishop of Bath and Wells is now in the Cathedral Church of Saint Andrew in the city of Wells, having previously been at Bath Abbey. Before the English Reformation, it was a Roman Catholic diocese; the county now falls within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Clifton. The Benedictine monastery Saint Gregory's Abbey, commonly known as Downside Abbey, is at Stratton-on-the-Fosse, and the ruins of the former Cistercian Cleeve Abbey are near the village of Washford.
qas: answers: text: Avalon became associated with Glastonbury Tor when monks at Glastonbury Abbey claimed to have discovered the bones of King Arthur and his queen
question: What does Artharian legend claim about Glastonbury

answers: text: the oldest above-ground Christian church in the World" situated "in the mystical land of Avalon
question: What is built in Avalon 

answers: text: The Episcopal seat of the Bishop of Bath and Wells is now in the Cathedral Church of Saint Andrew in the city of Wells, having previously been at Bath Abbey
question: The Episcopal seat of the Bishop is now where 

answers: text: is at Stratton-on-the-Fosse, and the ruins of the former Cistercian Cleeve Abbey are near the village of Washford
question: Where is St Greggorys abbey

context: The county has several museums; those at Bath include the American Museum in Britain, the Museum of Bath Architecture, the Herschel Museum of Astronomy, the Jane Austen Centre, and the Roman Baths. Other visitor attractions which reflect the cultural heritage of the county include: Claverton Pumping Station, Dunster Working Watermill, the Fleet Air Arm Museum at Yeovilton, Nunney Castle, The Helicopter Museum in Weston-super-Mare, King John's Hunting Lodge in Axbridge, Blake Museum Bridgwater, Radstock Museum, Museum of Somerset in Taunton, the Somerset Rural Life Museum in Glastonbury, and Westonzoyland Pumping Station Museum.
qas: answers: text: American Museum in Britain, the Museum of Bath Architecture, the Herschel Museum of Astronomy, the Jane Austen Centre, and the Roman Baths
question: What some of the Museums in Bath

answers: text: Claverton Pumping Station, Dunster Working Watermill, the Fleet Air Arm Museum at Yeovilton, Nunney Castle, The Helicopter Museum in Weston-super-Mare
question: What are some other attractions 

answers: text: in Taunton
question: Where is the Museum of Somerset 

answers: text: the Somerset Rural Life Museum in Glastonbury
question: What is the name of the museum in Glastonbury 

context: Somerset has 11,500 listed buildings, 523 scheduled monuments, 192 conservation areas, 41 parks and gardens including those at Barrington Court, Holnicote Estate, Prior Park Landscape Garden and Tintinhull Garden, 36 English Heritage sites and 19 National Trust sites, including Clevedon Court, Fyne Court, Montacute House and Tyntesfield as well as Stembridge Tower Mill, the last remaining thatched windmill in England. Other historic houses in the county which have remained in private ownership or used for other purposes include Halswell House and Marston Bigot. A key contribution of Somerset architecture is its medieval church towers. Jenkins writes, "These structures, with their buttresses, bell-opening tracery and crowns, rank with Nottinghamshire alabaster as England's finest contribution to medieval art."
qas: answers: text: Somerset has 11,500 listed buildings
question: How many listed buildings in Somerset 

answers: text: 523 scheduled monuments
question: How many monuments on Somerset 

answers: text: its medieval church towers
question: What is a key type of Architecture in Somerset 

answers: text: Halswell House and Marston Bigot.
question: Name some historic private houses in the county 

context: Bath Rugby play at the Recreation Ground in Bath, and the Somerset County Cricket Club are based at the County Ground in Taunton. The county gained its first Football League club in 2003, when Yeovil Town won promotion to Division Three as Football Conference champions. They had achieved numerous FA Cup victories over football League sides in the past 50 years, and since joining the elite they have won promotion again—as League Two champions in 2005. They came close to yet another promotion in 2007, when they reached the League One playoff final, but lost to Blackpool at the newly reopened Wembley Stadium. Yeovil achieved promotion to the Championship in 2013 after beating Brentford in the playoff final. Horse racing courses are at Taunton and Wincanton.
qas: answers: text: Bath Rugby play at the Recreation Ground in Bath
question: Where does the rugby team play 

answers: text: Yeovil Town won promotion to Division Three as Football Conference champions
question: The county's first football team is 

answers: text: Yeovil achieved promotion to the Championship in 2013 after beating Brentford in the playoff final
question: When did yeovil achieve promotion to the champion league 

answers: text: Horse racing courses are at Taunton and Wincanton
question: Where are the horse races held 

context: The Somerset Coal Canal was built in the early 19th century to reduce the cost of transportation of coal and other heavy produce. The first 16 kilometres (10 mi), running from a junction with the Kennet and Avon Canal, along the Cam valley, to a terminal basin at Paulton, were in use by 1805, together with several tramways. A planned 11.7 km (7.3 mi) branch to Midford was never built, but in 1815 a tramway was laid along its towing path. In 1871 the tramway was purchased by the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway (S&DJR), and operated until the 1950s.
qas: answers: text: to reduce the cost of transportation of coal and other heavy produce
question: Why was the Somerset county Canal built 

answers: text: several tramways
question: What was in use along the canal 

answers: text: A planned 11.7 km (7.3 mi) branch to Midford was never built
question: What was never built 

answers: text: in 1815 a tramway was laid along its towing path
question: What was laid on the path to Midford 

answers: text: In 1871 the tramway was purchased by the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway (S&DJR), and operated until the 1950s
question: Who purchased the tramway in 1871

context: The usefulness of the canals was short-lived, though some have now been restored for recreation. The 19th century also saw the construction of railways to and through Somerset. The county was served by five pre-1923 Grouping railway companies: the Great Western Railway (GWR); a branch of the Midland Railway (MR) to Bath Green Park (and another one to Bristol); the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway, and the London and South Western Railway (L&SWR). The former main lines of the GWR are still in use today, although many of its branch lines were scrapped under the notorious Beeching Axe. The former lines of the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway closed completely, as has the branch of the Midland Railway to Bath Green Park (and to Bristol St Philips); however, the L&SWR survived as a part of the present West of England Main Line. None of these lines, in Somerset, are electrified. Two branch lines, the West and East Somerset Railways, were rescued and transferred back to private ownership as "heritage" lines. The fifth railway was a short-lived light railway, the Weston, Clevedon and Portishead Light Railway. The West Somerset Mineral Railway carried the iron ore from the Brendon Hills to Watchet.
qas: answers: text: usefulness of the canals was short-lived, though some have now been restored for recreation
question: How long were canals used 

answers: text: 19th century also saw the construction of railways to and through Somerset
question: What was built int the 19th century 

answers: text: The county was served by five pre-1923 Grouping railway companies
question: How many railways served the county 

answers: text: None of these lines, in Somerset, are electrified.
question: Were any of the railways  electrified 

answers: text: The former main lines of the GWR are still in use today, although many of its branch lines were scrapped under the notorious Beeching Axe
question: What railways lines are still in use today 

context: Until the 1960s the piers at Weston-super-Mare, Clevedon, Portishead and Minehead were served by the paddle steamers of P and A Campbell who ran regular services to Barry and Cardiff as well as Ilfracombe and Lundy Island. The pier at Burnham-on-Sea was used for commercial goods, one of the reasons for the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway was to provide a link between the Bristol Channel and the English Channel. The pier at Burnham-on-Sea is the shortest pier in the UK. In the 1970s the Royal Portbury Dock was constructed to provide extra capacity for the Port of Bristol.
qas: answers: text: the piers at Weston-super-Mare, Clevedon, Portishead and Minehead were served by the paddle steamers of P and A Campbell
question: What  did paddle streamers serve until the 1960's 

answers: text: The pier at Burnham-on-Sea was used for commercial goods
question: What was the pier on Burnham -on-sea used for 

answers: text: The pier at Burnham-on-Sea is the shortest pier in the UK
question: What is the shortest pier in the UK 

answers: text: In the 1970s the Royal Portbury Dock was constructed to provide extra capacity for the Port of Bristol
question: What was constructed in the 1970's 

context: State schools in Somerset are provided by three local education authorities: Bath and North East Somerset, North Somerset, and the larger Somerset County Council. All state schools are comprehensive. In some areas primary, infant and junior schools cater for ages four to eleven, after which the pupils move on to secondary schools. There is a three-tier system of first, middle and upper schools in the Cheddar Valley, and in West Somerset, while most other schools in the county use the two-tier system. Somerset has 30 state and 17 independent secondary schools; Bath and North East Somerset has 13 state and 5 independent secondary schools; and North Somerset has 10 state and 2 independent secondary schools, excluding sixth form colleges.
qas: answers: text: Bath and North East Somerset, North Somerset, and the larger Somerset County Council
question: What are the  state schools in somerset 

answers: text: a three-tier system of first, middle and upper schools in the Cheddar Valley, and in West Somerset
question: What are the 3 tiers of school 

answers: text: Somerset has 30 state and 17 independent secondary schools
question: How many state and independent secondary  schools in Somerset 

context: Some of the county's secondary schools have specialist school status. Some schools have sixth forms and others transfer their sixth formers to colleges. Several schools can trace their origins back many years, such as The Blue School in Wells and Richard Huish College in Taunton. Others have changed their names over the years such as Beechen Cliff School which was started in 1905 as the City of Bath Boys' School and changed to its present name in 1972 when the grammar school was amalgamated with a local secondary modern school, to form a comprehensive school. Many others were established and built since the Second World War. In 2006, 5,900 pupils in Somerset sat GCSE examinations, with 44.5% achieving 5 grades A-C including English and Maths (compared to 45.8% for England).
qas: answers: text: Several schools can trace their origins back many years, such as The Blue School in Wells and Richard Huish College in Taunton
question: What schools can trace their origins back 

answers: text: started in 1905 as the City of Bath Boys' School
question: What was the original name of the Beechen Cliff School

answers: text: In 2006, 5,900 pupils in Somerset sat GCSE examinations, with 44.5% achieving 5 grades A-C including English and Maths (compared to 45.8% for England).
question: In 2006 Somerset students performed how well compared to England as a whole 

context: There is also a range of independent or public schools. Many of these are for pupils between 11 and 18 years, such as King's College, Taunton and Taunton School. King's School, Bruton, was founded in 1519 and received royal foundation status around 30 years later in the reign of Edward VI. Millfield is the largest co-educational boarding school. There are also preparatory schools for younger children, such as All Hallows, and Hazlegrove Preparatory School. Chilton Cantelo School offers places both to day pupils and boarders aged 7 to 16. Other schools provide education for children from the age of 3 or 4 years through to 18, such as King Edward's School, Bath, Queen's College, Taunton and Wells Cathedral School which is one of the five established musical schools for school-age children in Britain. Some of these schools have religious affiliations, such as Monkton Combe School, Prior Park College, Sidcot School which is associated with the Religious Society of Friends, Downside School which is a Roman Catholic public school in Stratton-on-the-Fosse, situated next to the Benedictine Downside Abbey, and Kingswood School, which was founded by John Wesley in 1748 in Kingswood near Bristol, originally for the education of the sons of the itinerant ministers (clergy) of the Methodist Church.
qas: answers: text: King's School, Bruton, was founded in 1519 and received royal foundation status around 30 years later
question: What school in Bruton was given royal  foundation status 

answers: text: such as All Hallows, and Hazlegrove Preparatory School
question: What are some prepatory schools for younger students 

answers: text: Wells Cathedral School which is one of the five established musical schools for school-age children in Britain
question: What is one of the Musical schools 

answers: text: Downside School which is a Roman Catholic public school in Stratton-on-the-Fosse
question: What is a roman catholic school 

context: The University of Bath and Bath Spa University are higher education establishments in the north-east of the county. The University of Bath gained its Royal Charter in 1966, although its origins go back to the Bristol Trade School (founded 1856) and Bath School of Pharmacy (founded 1907). It has a purpose-built campus at Claverton on the outskirts of Bath, and has 15,000 students. Bath Spa University, which is based at Newton St Loe, achieved university status in 2005, and has origins including the Bath Academy of Art (founded 1898), Bath Teacher Training College, and the Bath College of Higher Education. It has several campuses and 5,500 students.
qas: answers: text: Bath School of Pharmacy (founded 1907
question: Bath school of pharmacy founded in 

answers: text: achieved university status in 2005
question: When did Bath Spa Gain University status

answers: text: The University of Bath gained its Royal Charter in 1966, although its origins go back to the Bristol Trade School
question: When did the university of Bath gain royal charter 

answers: text: The University of Bath and Bath Spa University are higher education establishments in the north-east of the county
question: What University are in Bath