Norfolk_Island

context: Norfolk Island (i/ˈnɔːrfək ˈaɪlənd/; Norfuk: Norf'k Ailen) is a small island in the Pacific Ocean located between Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia, 1,412 kilometres (877 mi) directly east of mainland Australia's Evans Head, and about 900 kilometres (560 mi) from Lord Howe Island. The island is part of the Commonwealth of Australia. Together with two neighbouring islands, it forms one of Australia's external territories. It has 1,796 inhabitants living on a total area of about 35 km2 (14 sq mi). Its capital is Kingston.
qas: answers: text: Pacific Ocean
question: In what ocean is Norfolk Island found?

answers: text: about 900 kilometres (560 mi)
question: How far away is the nearest land mass to Norfolk Island?

answers: text: Kingston
question: What is the capital city of Norfolk Island?

answers: text: 1,796
question: How many people live on Norfolk Island?

answers: text: 1,412 kilometres (877 mi)
question: How far away is Evans Head from Norfolk Island?

context: Norfolk Island was colonised by East Polynesians but was long unpeopled when it was settled by Great Britain as part of its settlement of Australia from 1788. The island served as a convict penal settlement from 6 March 1788 until 5 May 1855, except for an 11-year hiatus between 15 February 1814 and 6 June 1825, when it lay abandoned. On 8 June 1856, permanent civilian residence on the island began when it was settled from Pitcairn Island. In 1913, the UK handed Norfolk over to Australia to administer as an external territory.
qas: answers: text: East Polynesians
question: Who was Norfolk Island colonised by?

answers: text: a convict penal settlement
question: What purpose did Norfolk Island serve for the majority of the time from 1788 until 1855?

answers: text: 8 June 1856
question: What date did civilians begin to permanently reside in Norfolk Island?

answers: text: Pitcairn Island
question: Where did the first permanent civilians of Norfolk Island settle from in 1856?

answers: text: 1913
question: In what year did the UK hand Norfolk Island over to Australia to administrate?

context: Sir John Call argued the advantages of Norfolk Island in that it was uninhabited and that New Zealand flax grew there. In 1786 the British government included Norfolk Island as an auxiliary settlement, as proposed by John Call, in its plan for colonisation of New South Wales. The decision to settle Norfolk Island was taken due to Empress Catherine II of Russia's decision to restrict sales of hemp. Practically all the hemp and flax required by the Royal Navy for cordage and sailcloth was imported from Russia.
qas: answers: text: 1786
question: In what year did the British government include Norfolk Island as a auxiliary settlement?

answers: text: John Call
question: Who proposed the idea to include Norfolk Island as a British auxiliary settlement in 1786?

answers: text: New South Wales
question: In including Norfolk Island as an auxiliary settlement, what Australian state did the British government plan to colonise?

answers: text: Empress Catherine II of Russia
question: What woman influenced the decision by the British to settle Norfolk Island?

answers: text: Russia
question: Where was the majority of the hemp and flax used by the Royal Navy imported from?

context: As early as 1794, Lieutenant-Governor of New South Wales Francis Grose suggested its closure as a penal settlement, as it was too remote and difficult for shipping and too costly to maintain. The first group of people left in February 1805, and by 1808 only about 200 remained, forming a small settlement until the remnants were removed in 1813. A small party remained to slaughter stock and destroy all buildings, so that there would be no inducement for anyone, especially from other European powers, to visit and lay claim to the place. From 15 February 1814 to 6 June 1825 the island was abandoned.
qas: answers: text: 1794
question: When did Lieutenant-Governor of New South Wales Francis Grose start suggesting Norfolk Island be closed as a penal settlement?

answers: text: it was too remote and difficult for shipping and too costly to maintain
question: Why did Francis Grose think that Norfolk Island should be closed as a penal settlement?

answers: text: February 1805
question: When did the first group of people leave Norfolk Island?

answers: text: 200
question: By 1808, how many people remained on Norfolk Island?

answers: text: to slaughter stock and destroy all buildings
question: Why did a small group of people remain on Norfolk Island, after others had already left?

context: In 1824 the British government instructed the Governor of New South Wales Thomas Brisbane to occupy Norfolk Island as a place to send "the worst description of convicts". Its remoteness, previously seen as a disadvantage, was now viewed as an asset for the detention of recalcitrant male prisoners. The convicts detained have long been assumed to be a hardcore of recidivists, or 'doubly-convicted capital respites' – that is, men transported to Australia who committed fresh colonial crimes for which they were sentenced to death, and were spared the gallows on condition of life at Norfolk Island. However, a recent study has demonstrated, utilising a database of 6,458 Norfolk Island convicts, that the reality was somewhat different: more than half were detained at Norfolk Island without ever receiving a colonial conviction, and only 15% had been reprieved from a death sentence. Furthermore, the overwhelming majority of convicts sent to Norfolk Island had committed non-violent property sentences, and the average length of detention was three years.
qas: answers: text: the British government
question: Who instructed the Governor of New South Wales Thomas Brisbane to send the worst convicts to Norfolk Island?

answers: text: Its remoteness
question: What previous disadvantage of Norfolk Island was seen as an advantage for holding male convicts?

answers: text: the gallows
question: What were the prisoners on Norfolk Island spared from on the the mainland?

answers: text: 6,458
question: How many convicts are listed in the database at Norfolk Island?

answers: text: three years
question: What was the average length of a prisoner's detention at Norfolk Island?

context: On 8 June 1856, the next settlement began on Norfolk Island. These were the descendants of Tahitians and the HMS Bounty mutineers, including those of Fletcher Christian. They resettled from the Pitcairn Islands, which had become too small for their growing population. On 3 May 1856, 193 persons left Pitcairn Islands aboard the "Morayshire". On 8 June 194 persons arrived, a baby having been born in transit. The Pitcairners occupied many of the buildings remaining from the penal settlements, and gradually established traditional farming and whaling industries on the island. Although some families decided to return to Pitcairn in 1858 and 1863, the island's population continued to grow. They accepted additional settlers, who often arrived with whaling fleets.
qas: answers: text: Tahitians and the HMS Bounty mutineers
question: Who were the next settlement of people on Norfolk Island descended from?

answers: text: the Pitcairn Islands
question: Where did the next settlement of people on Norfolk Island settle from?

answers: text: 193
question: On May 3, 1856, how many Pitcairners left for Norfolk Island?

answers: text: Morayshire
question: What was the name of the ship the Pitcairners traveled on to Norfolk Island?

answers: text: farming and whaling industries
question: What trades did the Pitcairners establish while on Norfolk Island?

context: After the creation of the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901, Norfolk Island was placed under the authority of the new Commonwealth government to be administered as an external territory. During World War II, the island became a key airbase and refuelling depot between Australia and New Zealand, and New Zealand and the Solomon Islands. The airstrip was constructed by Australian, New Zealand and United States servicemen during 1942. Since Norfolk Island fell within New Zealand's area of responsibility it was garrisoned by a New Zealand Army unit known as N Force at a large Army camp which had the capacity to house a 1,500 strong force. N Force relieved a company of the Second Australian Imperial Force. The island proved too remote to come under attack during the war and N Force left the island in February 1944.
qas: answers: text: 1901
question: When was the Commonwealth of Australia created?

answers: text: World War II
question: During what major event did Norfolk Island become an important airbase and refuelling station?

answers: text: Australian, New Zealand and United States servicemen
question: Who contructed the airbase used on Norfolk Island during World War II?

answers: text: New Zealand
question: Norfolk Island fell under whose responsibility during World War II?

answers: text: February 1944
question: When did N Force leave Norfolk Island during the time of World War II?

context: Financial problems and a reduction in tourism led to Norfolk Island's administration appealing to the Australian federal government for assistance in 2010. In return, the islanders were to pay income tax for the first time but would be eligible for greater welfare benefits. However, by May 2013 agreement had not been reached and islanders were having to leave to find work and welfare. An agreement was finally signed in Canberra on 12 March 2015 to replace self-government with a local council but against the wishes of the Norfolk Island government. A majority of Norfolk Islanders have objected to the Australian plan to make changes to Norfolk Island without first consulting them and allowing their say with 68% of voters against forced changes.
qas: answers: text: Financial problems and a reduction in tourism
question:  What lead to Norfolk Island asking for assistance from Australia in 2010?

answers: text: greater welfare benefits
question: What benefit were residents of Norfolk Island told they would receive as a result of Australia's assistance?

answers: text: islanders were having to leave to find work and welfare
question: What actually ended up happening after Norfolk Island asked Australia for help?

answers: text: replace self-government with a local council
question: An agreement was finally signed in Canberra on March 12, 2015, to do what for Norfolk Island?

answers: text: 68%
question: What percentage of Norfolk Island voters were against the changes brought by Australia?

context: Norfolk Island is located in the South Pacific Ocean, east of the Australian mainland. Norfolk Island is the main island of the island group the territory encompasses and is located at 29°02′S 167°57′E﻿ / ﻿29.033°S 167.950°E﻿ / -29.033; 167.950. It has an area of 34.6 square kilometres (13.4 sq mi), with no large-scale internal bodies of water and 32 km (20 mi) of coastline. The island's highest point is Mount Bates (319 metres (1,047 feet) above sea level), located in the northwest quadrant of the island. The majority of the terrain is suitable for farming and other agricultural uses. Phillip Island, the second largest island of the territory, is located at 29°07′S 167°57′E﻿ / ﻿29.117°S 167.950°E﻿ / -29.117; 167.950, seven kilometres (4.3 miles) south of the main island.
qas: answers: text: South
question: What part of the Pacific Ocean is Norfolk Island located?

answers: text: east
question: What direction is Norfolk Island in relation to Australia?

answers: text: 29°02′S 167°57′E﻿ / ﻿29.033°S 167.950°E﻿ / -29.033; 167.950
question: What are the coordinates for Norfolk Island?

answers: text: Mount Bates
question: What is the name of the mountain at Norfolk Island's highest point?

answers: text: Phillip Island
question: What is the name of the second largest island of the territory of Norfolk Island?

context: The coastline of Norfolk Island consists, to varying degrees, of cliff faces. A downward slope exists towards Slaughter Bay and Emily Bay, the site of the original colonial settlement of Kingston. There are no safe harbour facilities on Norfolk Island, with loading jetties existing at Kingston and Cascade Bay. All goods not domestically produced are brought in by ship, usually to Cascade Bay. Emily Bay, protected from the Pacific Ocean by a small coral reef, is the only safe area for recreational swimming, although surfing waves can be found at Anson and Ball Bays.
qas: answers: text: cliff faces
question: What is the coastline of Norfolk made of?

answers: text: Slaughter Bay and Emily Bay
question: Where is the site of the original colonial settlement of Kingston, Norfolk Islands, currently located?

answers: text: by ship
question: How are goods imported to Norfolk Island?

answers: text: Cascade Bay
question: Where are imported goods usually sent on Norfolk Island?

answers: text: Anson and Ball Bays
question: Where can you go to surf on Norfolk Island?

context: Norfolk Island has 174 native plants; 51 of them are endemic. At least 18 of the endemic species are rare or threatened. The Norfolk Island palm (Rhopalostylis baueri) and the smooth tree-fern (Cyathea brownii), the tallest tree-fern in the world, are common in the Norfolk Island National Park but rare elsewhere on the island. Before European colonization, most of Norfolk Island was covered with subtropical rain forest, the canopy of which was made of Araucaria heterophylla (Norfolk Island pine) in exposed areas, and the palm Rhopalostylis baueri and tree ferns Cyathea brownii and C. australis in moister protected areas. The understory was thick with lianas and ferns covering the forest floor. Only one small tract (5 km2) of rainforest remains, which was declared as the Norfolk Island National Park in 1986.
qas: answers: text: 51
question: How many plants can only be found on Norfolk Island?

answers: text: 18
question: How many of the plants that can only be found on Norfolk Island are rare or threatened?

answers: text: Norfolk Island National Park
question: Where can the tallest tree-fern in the world be found?

answers: text: subtropical rain forest
question: What was the majority of Norfolk Island covered with, before European colonization?

answers: text: 5 km2
question: How much of the rainforest remains in Norfolk Island today?

context: As a relatively small and isolated oceanic island, Norfolk has few land birds but a high degree of endemicity among them. Many of the endemic species and subspecies have become extinct as a result of massive clearance of the island's native vegetation of subtropical rainforest for agriculture, hunting and persecution as agricultural pests. The birds have also suffered from the introduction of mammals such as rats, cats, pigs and goats, as well as from introduced competitors such as common blackbirds and crimson rosellas.
qas: answers: text: land
question: What type of bird does Norfolk Island have few of?

answers: text: massive clearance of the island's native vegetation
question: What is one reason that has caused many of the birds of Norfolk Island to become extinct?

answers: text: hunting and persecution as agricultural pests
question: What is the second thing that caused many of the birds of Norfolk Island to become extinct?

answers: text: mammals
question: What non-bird animals caused the bird populations of Norfolk Island to suffer?

answers: text: common blackbirds and crimson rosellas
question: What non-native birds caused the bird populations of Norfolk Island to suffer?

context: The Norfolk Island Group Nepean Island is also home to breeding seabirds. The providence petrel was hunted to local extinction by the beginning of the 19th century, but has shown signs of returning to breed on Phillip Island. Other seabirds breeding there include the white-necked petrel, Kermadec petrel, wedge-tailed shearwater, Australasian gannet, red-tailed tropicbird and grey ternlet. The sooty tern (known locally as the whale bird) has traditionally been subject to seasonal egg harvesting by Norfolk Islanders.
qas: answers: text: Nepean Island
question: What island in the Norfolk Island Group is home to breeding seabirds?

answers: text: The providence petrel
question: What near extinct bird of Norfolk Island has shown signs of population increase?

answers: text: Phillip Island
question: Where has the providence petrel been seen breeding on Norfolk Island?

answers: text: the white-necked petrel, Kermadec petrel
question: What other types of petrels breed on Phillip Island?

answers: text: the whale bird
question: What is the sooty tern known as on Norfolk Island?

context: Cetaceans were historically abundant around the island as commercial hunts on the island was operating until 1956. Today, numbers of larger whales have disappeared, but even today many species such humpback whale, minke whale, sei whale, and dolphins can be observed close to shores, and scientific surveys have been conducted regularly. Southern right whales were once regular migrants to the Norfolk hence naming the island as the "Middle ground" by whalers, but had been severely depleted by historical hunts, and further by illegal Soviet and Japan whaling, resulting in none of very few, if remnants still live, right whales in these regions along with Lord Howe Island.
qas: answers: text: Cetaceans
question: What used to be abundant in the waters around Norfolk Island?

answers: text: 1956
question: When did commercial sea hunts on Norfolk Island stop operating?

answers: text: humpback whale, minke whale, sei whale
question: What are some species of whales that can be seen around Norfolk Island today?

answers: text: dolphins
question: What other species can be seen close to the shores of Norfolk Island?

answers: text: Southern right whales
question: What type of whales were once common in Norfolk Island, but hardly any remain today?

context: Sixty-two percent of islanders are Christians. After the death of the first chaplain Rev G. H. Nobbs in 1884, a Methodist church was formed and in 1891 a Seventh-day Adventist congregation led by one of Nobbs' sons. Some unhappiness with G. H. Nobbs, the more organised and formal ritual of the Church of England service arising from the influence of the Melanesian Mission, decline in spirituality, the influence of visiting American whalers, literature sent by Christians overseas impressed by the Pitcairn story, and the adoption of Seventh-day Adventism by the descendants of the mutineers still on Pitcairn, all contributed to these developments. The Roman Catholic Church began work in 1957 and in the late 1990s a group left the former Methodist (then Uniting Church) and formed a charismatic fellowship. In 2011, 34 percent of the ordinary residents identified as Anglican, 13 percent as Uniting Church, 12 percent as Roman Catholic and three percent as Seventh-day Adventist. Nine percent were from other religions. Twenty four percent had no religion, and seven percent did not indicate a religion. Typical ordinary congregations in any church do not exceed 30 local residents as of 2010[update]. The three older denominations have good facilities. Ministers are usually short-term visitors.
qas: answers: text: Sixty-two percent
question: Christians make up what percentage of the population of Norfolk Island?

answers: text: Rev G. H. Nobbs
question: Who was the first chaplain of Norfolk Island?

answers: text: a Methodist church
question: What type of church was formed after Rev G.H. Nobbs' death in 1884?

answers: text: one of Nobbs' sons
question: Who led Norfolk Island's first Seventh-day Adventist church? 

answers: text: 30
question: Typical church congregations on Norfolk Island as of 2010 don't exceed what number?

context: Islanders speak both English and a creole language known as Norfuk, a blend of 18th-century English and Tahitian. The Norfuk language is decreasing in popularity as more tourists travel to the island and more young people leave for work and study reasons; however, there are efforts to keep it alive via dictionaries and the renaming of some tourist attractions to their Norfuk equivalents. In 2004 an act of the Norfolk Island Assembly made it a co-official language of the island. The act is long-titled: "An Act to recognise the Norfolk Island Language (Norf'k) as an official language of Norfolk Island." The "language known as 'Norf'k'" is described as the language "that is spoken by descendants of the first free settlers of Norfolk Island who were descendants of the settlers of Pitcairn Island". The act recognises and protects use of the language but does not require it; in official use, it must be accompanied by an accurate translation into English. 32% of the total population reported speaking a language other than English in the 2011 census, and just under three-quarters of the ordinarily resident population could speak Norfuk.
qas: answers: text: English and a creole language known as Norfuk
question: What languages do residents of Norfolk Island speak?

answers: text: 18th-century English and Tahitian
question: What is the Norfuk language a mixture of?

answers: text: descendants of the first free settlers of Norfolk Island who were descendants of the settlers of Pitcairn Island
question: The Norfuk language of Norfolk Island was first spoken by whom?

answers: text: The Norfuk language
question: What is the official co-language of Norfolk Island?

answers: text: under three-quarters
question: What part of the residents of Norfolk Island could speak Norfuk as of 2011?

context: Norfolk Island is the only non-mainland Australian territory to have achieved self-governance. The Norfolk Island Act 1979, passed by the Parliament of Australia in 1979, is the Act under which the island was governed until the passing of the Norfolk Island Legislation Amendment Act 2015. The Australian government maintains authority on the island through an Administrator, currently Gary Hardgrave. From 1979 to 2015, a Legislative Assembly was elected by popular vote for terms of not more than three years, although legislation passed by the Australian Parliament could extend its laws to the territory at will, including the power to override any laws made by the assembly.
qas: answers: text: Norfolk Island
question: What is the only non-mainland Australian territory that is governed by itself?

answers: text: The Norfolk Island Act 1979
question: What is the name of the Act that formerly governed Norfolk Island?

answers: text: the Norfolk Island Legislation Amendment Act 2015
question: What is the name of the new Act that governs Norfolk Island, passed in 2015?

answers: text: Gary Hardgrave
question: Who is the current administrator of Norfolk Island?

answers: text: three years
question: During 1979-2015, Legislative Assembly terms lasted no longer than how many years?

context: The Assembly consisted of nine seats, with electors casting nine equal votes, of which no more than two could be given to any individual candidate. It is a method of voting called a "weighted first past the post system". Four of the members of the Assembly formed the Executive Council, which devised policy and acted as an advisory body to the Administrator. The last Chief Minister of Norfolk Island was Lisle Snell. Other ministers included: Minister for Tourism, Industry and Development; Minister for Finance; Minister for Cultural Heritage and Community Services; and Minister for Environment.
qas: answers: text: nine
question: The Assembly of Norfolk Island is made of how many seats?

answers: text: a "weighted first past the post system"
question: What method of voting does Norfolk Island use for it's Assembly?

answers: text: Executive
question: Four members of the Assembly made up what Council, responsible for devising policy for Norfolk Island?

answers: text: Lisle Snell
question: Who was the last Chief Minister of Norfolk Island?

answers: text: Minister for Tourism, Industry and Development
question: What is the official name for the Minister in charge of tourism on Norfolk Island?

context: Disagreements over the island's relationship with Australia were put in sharper relief by a 2006 review undertaken by the Australian government. Under the more radical of two models proposed in the review, the island's legislative assembly would have been reduced to the status of a local council. However, in December 2006, citing the "significant disruption" that changes to the governance would impose on the island's economy, the Australian government ended the review leaving the existing governance arrangements unaltered.
qas: answers: text: two
question: How many models did Australia propose to Norfolk Island's legislative assembly?

answers: text: a local council
question: What would the more severe of the proposed plans threaten to reduce Norfolk Island's assembly to?

answers: text: December 2006
question: When did the Australian government end their review on Norfolk Island?

answers: text: significant disruption
question: The Australian government said that changes to Norfolk Island's government would cause what?

context: It was announced on 19 March 2015 that self-governance for the island would be revoked by the Commonwealth and replaced by a local council with the state of New South Wales providing services to the island. A reason given was that the island had never gained self-sufficiency and was being heavily subsidised by the Commonwealth, by $12.5 million in 2015 alone. It meant that residents would have to start paying Australian income tax, but they would also be covered by Australian welfare schemes such as Centrelink and Medicare.
qas: answers: text: 19 March 2015
question: When did the Commonwealth of Australia announce that Norfolk Island would no longer be governed by itself?

answers: text: a local council
question: What did the Commonwealth want to replace the Norfolk Island government with?

answers: text: New South Wales
question: From what state did the proposed council come from?

answers: text: they would also be covered by Australian welfare schemes such as Centrelink and Medicare
question: What benefits would Norfolk Island residents receive as a result of the new council?

answers: text: Australian income tax
question: What would Norfolk Island residents have to start paying as a result of the new council?

context: The Norfolk Island Legislative Assembly decided to hold a referendum on the proposal. On 8 May 2015, voters were asked if Norfolk Islanders should freely determine their political status and their economic, social and cultural development, and to "be consulted at referendum or plebiscite on the future model of governance for Norfolk Island before such changes are acted upon by the Australian parliament". 68% out of 912 voters voted in favour. The Norfolk Island Chief Minister, Lisle Snell, said that "the referendum results blow a hole in Canberra's assertion that the reforms introduced before the Australian Parliament that propose abolishing the Legislative Assembly and Norfolk Island Parliament were overwhelmingly supported by the people of Norfolk Island".
qas: answers: text: 8 May 2015
question: When did the Legislative Assembly of Norfolk Island vote regarding the proposed Australian reforms?

answers: text: 912
question: How many Norfolk Island residents voted on May 8, 2015?

answers: text: 68%
question: What percentage of Norfolk Island residents voted in favor of self-governance?

answers: text: Lisle Snell
question: Who is Norfolk Island's Chief Minister?

answers: text: overwhelmingly supported by the people of Norfolk Island
question: According to Lisle Snell, Australian Parliament thought that abolishing Norfolk Island's self-governance would be what?

context: Norfolk Island was originally a colony acquired by settlement but was never within the British Settlements Act. It was accepted as a territory of Australia, separate from any state, by the Norfolk Island Act 1913 (Cth), passed under the territories power (Constitution section 122) and made effective in 1914. In 1976 the High Court of Australia held unanimously that Norfolk Island is a part of the Commonwealth. Again, in 2007 the High Court of Australia affirmed the validity of legislation that made Australian citizenship a necessary qualification for voting for, and standing for election to, the Legislative Assembly of Norfolk Island.
qas: answers: text: colony acquired by settlement
question: Norfolk Island was originally a what?

answers: text: Australia
question: Norfolk Island became a territory of what country?

answers: text: the Norfolk Island Act 1913 (Cth)
question: Under what Act was Norfolk Island accepted as a territory of Australia?

answers: text: High Court of Australia
question: Who decided in 1976 that Norfolk Island is a part of the Commonwealth?

answers: text: Australian citizenship
question: What was a necessary qualification for voting in Norfolk Island?

context: The island is subject to separate immigration controls from the remainder of Australia. Until recently immigration to Norfolk Island even by other Australian citizens was heavily restricted. In 2012, immigration controls were relaxed with the introduction of an Unrestricted Entry Permit for all Australian and New Zealand citizens upon arrival and the option to apply for residency; the only criteria are to pass a police check and be able to pay into the local health scheme. From 1 July 2016, the Australian migration system will replace the immigration arrangements currently maintained by the Norfolk Island Government.
qas: answers: text: immigration
question: What has been heavily restricted in Norfolk Island, until recently?

answers: text: 2012
question: When were the immigration protocols relaxed in Norfolk Island?

answers: text: an Unrestricted Entry Permit for all Australian and New Zealand citizens
question: What aided in the relaxation of immigration protocols to Norfolk Island?

answers: text: pass a police check and be able to pay into the local health scheme
question: What must Australian and New Zealand citizens do in order to apply for residency in Norfolk Island? 

answers: text: 1 July 2016
question: When will the Australian migration system replace Norfolk Island's immigration policies?

context: Australian citizens and residents from other parts of the nation now have automatic right of residence on the island after meeting these criteria (Immigration (Amendment No. 2) Act 2012). Australian citizens must carry either a passport or a Document of Identity to travel to Norfolk Island. Citizens of all other nations must carry a passport to travel to Norfolk Island even if arriving from other parts of Australia. Holders of Australian visas who travel to Norfolk Island have departed the Australian Migration Zone. Unless they hold a multiple-entry visa, the visa will have ceased; in which case they will require another visa to re-enter mainland Australia.
qas: answers: text: automatic right of residence
question: What automatic right do Australian citizens and residents have on Norfolk Island after meeting the criteria in Immigration (Amendment No. 2) Act 2012?

answers: text: a passport
question: What do citizens from other nations need in order to travel to Norfolk Island?

answers: text: either a passport or a Document of Identity
question: What do Australian citizens need in order to travel to Norfolk Island?

answers: text: Australian Migration Zone
question: When someone has an Australian visa and they want to travel to Norfolk Island, where must they depart?

answers: text: the visa will have ceased
question: What will happen to travelers with an Australian visa who don't depart from the Australian Migration Zone? 

context: Non-Australian citizens who are Australian permanent residents should be aware that during their stay on Norfolk Island they are "outside of Australia" for the purposes of the Migration Act. This means that not only will they need a still-valid migrant visa or Resident return visa to return from Norfolk Island to the mainland, but also the time spent in Norfolk Island will not be counted for satisfying the residence requirement for obtaining a Resident return visa in the future. On the other hand, as far as Australian nationality law is concerned, Norfolk Island is a part of Australia, and any time spent by an Australian permanent resident on Norfolk Island will count as time spent in Australia for the purpose of applying for Australian citizenship.
qas: answers: text: the Migration Act
question: What Act declares Non-Australian residents "outside of Australia" while they are on Norfolk Island?

answers: text: a still-valid migrant visa or Resident return visa
question: What does a Non-Australian citizen who is a resident need to return from Norfolk Island to the mainland?

answers: text: Australia
question: As far as Australian nationality law goes, Norfolk Island is considered a part of what?

answers: text: count as time spent in Australia
question: According to Australian nationality law, time spent by a permanent Australian resident on Norfolk Island will do what?

context: Norfolk Island Hospital is the only medical centre on the island. Medicare and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme do not cover Norfolk Island. All visitors to Norfolk Island, including Australians, are recommended to purchase travel insurance. Although the hospital can perform minor surgery, serious medical conditions are not permitted to be treated on the island and patients are flown back to mainland Australia. Air charter transport can cost in the order of A$30,000. For serious emergencies, medical evacuations are provided by the Royal Australian Air Force. The island has one ambulance staffed by St John Ambulance Australia volunteers.
qas: answers: text: Norfolk Island Hospital
question: What is the name of the only medical center on Norfolk Island?

answers: text: travel insurance
question: What are visitors of Norfolk Island recommended to purchase?

answers: text: mainland Australia
question: Where are Norfolk Island patients who need serious treatment flown to?

answers: text: the Royal Australian Air Force
question: Who handles serious medical emergencies on Norfolk Island?

answers: text: St John Ambulance Australia volunteers
question: Who staffs the one ambulance available on Norfolk Island?

context: The Australian government controls the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and revenue from it extending 200 nautical miles (370 km) around Norfolk Island (roughly 428,000km2) and territorial sea claims to three nautical miles (6 km) from the island. There is a strong belief on the island that some of the revenue generated from Norfolk's EEZ should be available to providing services such as health and infrastructure on the island, which the island has been responsible for, similar to how the Northern Territory is able to access revenue from their mineral resources. The exclusive economic zone provides the islanders with fish, its only major natural resource. Norfolk Island has no direct control over any marine areas but has an agreement with the Commonwealth through the Australian Fisheries Management Authority (AFMA) to fish "recreationally" in a small section of the EEZ known locally as "the Box". While there is speculation that the zone may include oil and gas deposits, this is not proven. There are no major arable lands or permanent farmlands, though about 25 per cent of the island is a permanent pasture. There is no irrigated land. The island uses the Australian dollar as its currency.
qas: answers: text: health and infrastructure
question: What services do Norfolk Island residents believe should be made available from the Norfolk Island's EEZ profit?

answers: text: fish
question: What is Norfolk Island's only major natural resource?

answers: text: the Box
question: What is the name of the area residents of Norfolk Island are permitted to fish recreationally?

answers: text: oil and gas deposits
question: What is speculated to be available in Norfolk Island's EEZ zone?

answers: text: 25
question: What percentage of Norfolk Island is a permanent pasture?

context: Residents of Norfolk Island do not pay Australian federal taxes, creating a tax haven for locals and visitors alike. Because there is no income tax, the island's legislative assembly raises money through an import duty, fuel levy, medicare levy, GST of 12% and local/international phone calls. In a move that apparently surprised many islanders the Chief Minister of Norfolk Island, David Buffett, announced on 6 November 2010 that the island would voluntarily surrender its tax free status in return for a financial bailout from the federal government to cover significant debts. The introduction of income taxation will now come into effect on July 1, 2016, with a variation of opinion on the island about these changes but with many understanding that for the island's governance to continue there is a need to pay into the commonwealth revenue pool so that the island can have assistance in supporting its delivery of State government responsibilities such as health, education, medicare, and infrastructure. Prior to these reforms residents of Norfolk Island were not entitled to social services. It appears that the reforms do extend to companies and trustees and not only individuals.
qas: answers: text: Australian federal taxes
question: Norfolk Island inhabitants and visitors don't pay what?

answers: text: David Buffett
question: Who is the Chief Minister of Norfolk Island?

answers: text: for a financial bailout from the federal government
question: What reason did David Buffett give for Norfolk Island surrendering its' tax-free status?

answers: text: July 1, 2016
question: When will income tax be introduced on Norfolk Island?

answers: text: social
question: What type of services were Norfolk Island inhabitants unable to receive prior to this announcement?

context: As of 2004[update], 2532 telephone main lines are in use, a mix of analog (2500) and digital (32) circuits. Satellite communications services are planned.[citation needed] There is one locally based radio station (Radio Norfolk 89.9FM), broadcasting on both AM and FM frequencies. There is also one TV station, Norfolk TV, featuring local programming, plus transmitters for Australian channels ABC, SBS, Imparja Television and Southern Cross Television. The Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is .nf.
qas: answers: text: 2532
question: How many main telephone lines were being used on Norfolk Island, as of 2004?

answers: text: 2500
question: How many analog telephone lines were being used on Norfolk Island, as of 2004?

answers: text: one
question: How many local radio stations does Norfolk Island have? 

answers: text: Norfolk TV
question: What is the name of Norfolk Island's only TV station?

answers: text: .nf
question: What is Norfolk Island's Internet country code top-level domain?

context: There are no railways, waterways, ports or harbours on the island. Loading jetties are located at Kingston and Cascade, but ships cannot get close to either of them. When a supply ship arrives, it is emptied by whaleboats towed by launches, five tonnes at a time. Which jetty is used depends on the prevailing weather on the day. The jetty on the leeward side of the island is often used. If the wind changes significantly during unloading/loading, the ship will move around to the other side. Visitors often gather to watch the activity when a supply ship arrives.
qas: answers: text: Kingston and Cascade
question: Where are loading jetties found on Norfolk Island?

answers: text: by whaleboats towed by launches
question: How is a supply ship unloaded when it reaches Norfolk Island? 

answers: text: the prevailing weather on the day
question: What determines the jetty that's used by supply ships to Norfolk Island?

answers: text: on the leeward side of the island
question: Where can you find the often-used jetty on Norfolk Island?

answers: text: Visitors
question: Who can usually be found watching supply ships unload at Norfolk Island?