Miami

context: Miami (/maɪˈæmi/; Spanish pronunciation: [maiˈami]) is a city located on the Atlantic coast in southeastern Florida and the seat of Miami-Dade County. The 44th-most populated city proper in the United States, with a population of 430,332, it is the principal, central, and most populous city of the Miami metropolitan area, and the second most populous metropolis in the Southeastern United States after Washington, D.C. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Miami's metro area is the eighth-most populous and fourth-largest urban area in the United States, with a population of around 5.5 million.
qas: answers: text: Atlantic
question: On which coast of Florida is Miami located?

answers: text: Miami-Dade County
question: Miami is located in which Florida county?

answers: text: eighth
question: Where does Miami fall among the most populous urban areas in the United States?

answers: text: Washington, D.C.
question: Which city is the only one with a larger population than Miami in the southeastern United States?

answers: text: 5.5 million
question: What is the approximate population of Miami's metro area?

answers: text: Miami-Dade
question: Which Florida county is Miami located in?

answers: text: second most populous
question: How does Miami rank as a populous metropolis compared with other Southeastern states in the U.S.?

answers: text: 430,332
question: What is the population of Miami?

answers: text: fourth-largest
question: How is the size of Miami's urban area rated compared with other U.S. urban areas?

answers: text: Atlantic
question: Which coast is Miami located on?

answers: text: 5.5 million
question: What is the approximate population of the Miami metro area?

answers: text: southeastern
question: In what geographic portion of Florida is Miami located?

answers: text: Miami-Dade County
question: What county is Miami located in?

answers: text: 44th
question: Where does Miami rank among American cities by population?

answers: text: 430,332
question: How many people live in Miami?

context: Miami is a major center, and a leader in finance, commerce, culture, media, entertainment, the arts, and international trade. In 2012, Miami was classified as an Alpha−World City in the World Cities Study Group's inventory. In 2010, Miami ranked seventh in the United States in terms of finance, commerce, culture, entertainment, fashion, education, and other sectors. It ranked 33rd among global cities. In 2008, Forbes magazine ranked Miami "America's Cleanest City", for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets, and city-wide recycling programs. According to a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States, and the world's fifth-richest city in terms of purchasing power. Miami is nicknamed the "Capital of Latin America", is the second largest U.S. city with a Spanish-speaking majority, and the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality.
qas: answers: text: Alpha−World City
question: What classification did the World Cities Study Group give to Miami?

answers: text: 33rd
question: Where did Miami rank among cities around the world in regard to finance?

answers: text: America's Cleanest City
question: What did Forbes call Miami in 2008?

answers: text: Capital of Latin America
question: What is a nickname given to Miami?

answers: text: second
question: Where does Miami rank in terms of US Spanish-speaking populations?

context: Downtown Miami is home to the largest concentration of international banks in the United States, and many large national and international companies. The Civic Center is a major center for hospitals, research institutes, medical centers, and biotechnology industries. For more than two decades, the Port of Miami, known as the "Cruise Capital of the World", has been the number one cruise passenger port in the world. It accommodates some of the world's largest cruise ships and operations, and is the busiest port in both passenger traffic and cruise lines.
qas: answers: text: international banks
question: What does downtown Miami possess more of than any other US city?

answers: text: passenger
question: Along with cruise lines, in what traffic does Miami's port rank first?

answers: text: Port of Miami
question: What is called the "Cruise Capital of the World"?

answers: text: two decades
question: How long has Miami been the world's top cruise passenger port?

answers: text: research institutes
question: Along with hospitals, medical centers and biotechnology industries, what is notably present in the Civic Center?

context: Miami is noted as "the only major city in the United States conceived by a woman, Julia Tuttle", a local citrus grower and a wealthy Cleveland native. The Miami area was better known as "Biscayne Bay Country" in the early years of its growth. In the late 19th century, reports described the area as a promising wilderness. The area was also characterized as "one of the finest building sites in Florida." The Great Freeze of 1894–95 hastened Miami's growth, as the crops of the Miami area were the only ones in Florida that survived. Julia Tuttle subsequently convinced Henry Flagler, a railroad tycoon, to expand his Florida East Coast Railway to the region, for which she became known as "the mother of Miami." Miami was officially incorporated as a city on July 28, 1896 with a population of just over 300. It was named for the nearby Miami River, derived from Mayaimi, the historic name of Lake Okeechobee.
qas: answers: text: Cleveland
question: Where was Julia Tuttle born?

answers: text: Biscayne Bay Country
question: Prior to the naming of Miami, what was the area around Miami called?

answers: text: 1894–95
question: When did the Great Freeze occur?

answers: text: Florida East Coast Railway
question: What railroad was owned by Henry Flagler?

answers: text: Julia Tuttle
question: Who was "the mother of Miami"?

context: Black labor played a crucial role in Miami's early development. During the beginning of the 20th century, migrants from the Bahamas and African-Americans constituted 40 percent of the city's population. Whatever their role in the city's growth, their community's growth was limited to a small space. When landlords began to rent homes to African-Americans in neighborhoods close to Avenue J (what would later become NW Fifth Avenue), a gang of white man with torches visited the renting families and warned them to move or be bombed.
qas: answers: text: 40
question: In the early 1900s, what percentage of Miami's population was of African origin?

answers: text: Avenue J
question: What was NW Fifth Avenue previously called?

answers: text: Bahamas
question: Where did a portion of Miami's black population migrate from in the early 1900s?

context: During the early 20th century, northerners were attracted to the city, and Miami prospered during the 1920s with an increase in population and infrastructure. The legacy of Jim Crow was embedded in these developments. Miami's chief of police, H. Leslie Quigg, did not hide the fact that he, like many other white Miami police officers, was a member of the Ku Klux Klan. Unsurprisingly, these officers enforced social codes far beyond the written law. Quigg, for example, "personally and publicly beat a colored bellboy to death for speaking directly to a white woman."
qas: answers: text: H. Leslie Quigg
question: Who was a notable chief of the Miami police?

answers: text: Ku Klux Klan
question: To what controversial organization did a Miami chief of police belong?

answers: text: speaking directly to a white woman
question: For what reason did H. Leslie Quigg kill a black man?

answers: text: bellboy
question: What was the occupation of the African-American man killed by Quigg?

context: After Fidel Castro rose to power in Cuba in 1959, many wealthy Cubans sought refuge in Miami, further increasing the population. The city developed businesses and cultural amenities as part of the New South. In the 1980s and 1990s, South Florida weathered social problems related to drug wars, immigration from Haiti and Latin America, and the widespread destruction of Hurricane Andrew. Racial and cultural tensions were sometimes sparked, but the city developed in the latter half of the 20th century as a major international, financial, and cultural center. It is the second-largest U.S. city (after El Paso, Texas) with a Spanish-speaking majority, and the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality.
qas: answers: text: 1959
question: In what year did Fidel Castro take over Cuba?

answers: text: Haiti
question: From what country did people notably emigrate to southern Florida in the 1980s and 90s?

answers: text: Andrew
question: What notable hurricane occurred between the 1980s and 1990s?

answers: text: El Paso, Texas
question: What is the largest city in the United States where a majority of the population speaks Spanish?

answers: text: Cuban-American
question: Miami is the US city with the largest population of what ethnic group?

context: Miami and its suburbs are located on a broad plain between the Florida Everglades to the west and Biscayne Bay to the east, which also extends from Florida Bay north to Lake Okeechobee. The elevation of the area never rises above 40 ft (12 m) and averages at around 6 ft (1.8 m) above mean sea level in most neighborhoods, especially near the coast. The highest undulations are found along the coastal Miami Rock Ridge, whose substrate underlies most of the eastern Miami metropolitan region. The main portion of the city lies on the shores of Biscayne Bay which contains several hundred natural and artificially created barrier islands, the largest of which contains Miami Beach and South Beach. The Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current, runs northward just 15 miles (24 km) off the coast, allowing the city's climate to stay warm and mild all year.
qas: answers: text: east
question: Where are the Everglades in relation to Miami?

answers: text: west
question: To travel from Biscayne Bay to Miami, in what direction would one move?

answers: text: Lake Okeechobee
question: What is the northern terminus of Biscayne Bay?

answers: text: 24
question: In kilometers, how far is the Gulf Stream from Miami's coast?

answers: text: 1.8
question: In meters, what is the average height above sea level of the Miami area?

context: The surface bedrock under the Miami area is called Miami oolite or Miami limestone. This bedrock is covered by a thin layer of soil, and is no more than 50 feet (15 m) thick. Miami limestone formed as the result of the drastic changes in sea level associated with recent glaciations or ice ages. Beginning some 130,000 years ago the Sangamonian Stage raised sea levels to approximately 25 feet (8 m) above the current level. All of southern Florida was covered by a shallow sea. Several parallel lines of reef formed along the edge of the submerged Florida plateau, stretching from the present Miami area to what is now the Dry Tortugas. The area behind this reef line was in effect a large lagoon, and the Miami limestone formed throughout the area from the deposition of oolites and the shells of bryozoans. Starting about 100,000 years ago the Wisconsin glaciation began lowering sea levels, exposing the floor of the lagoon. By 15,000 years ago, the sea level had dropped to 300 to 350 feet (90 to 110 m) below the contemporary level. The sea level rose quickly after that, stabilizing at the current level about 4000 years ago, leaving the mainland of South Florida just above sea level.
qas: answers: text: Miami oolite
question: What is another name for Miami limestone?

answers: text: 15
question: How many meters thick is the bedrock under Miami at its maximum?

answers: text: Sangamonian
question: What Stage occurred approximately 130,000 years ago?

answers: text: 8
question: How many meters did the Sangamonian Stage raise sea levels compared to their present level?

answers: text: Wisconsin glaciation
question: What event caused sea levels to decrease approximately 100,000 years ago?

context: Beneath the plain lies the Biscayne Aquifer, a natural underground source of fresh water that extends from southern Palm Beach County to Florida Bay, with its highest point peaking around the cities of Miami Springs and Hialeah. Most of the Miami metropolitan area obtains its drinking water from this aquifer. As a result of the aquifer, it is not possible to dig more than 15 to 20 ft (5 to 6 m) beneath the city without hitting water, which impedes underground construction, though some underground parking garages exist. For this reason, the mass transit systems in and around Miami are elevated or at-grade.[citation needed]
qas: answers: text: Hialeah
question: Along with Miami Springs, where is the highest point of the Biscayne Aquifer?

answers: text: Florida Bay
question: The Biscayne Aquifer stretches from Palm Beach County to where?

answers: text: 5 to 6
question: After digging how many meters is one sure to reach running water in Miami?

answers: text: underground construction
question: What is limited by Miami's high water table?

context: Miami is partitioned into many different sections, roughly into North, South, West and Downtown. The heart of the city is Downtown Miami and is technically on the eastern side of the city. This area includes Brickell, Virginia Key, Watson Island, and PortMiami. Downtown is South Florida's central business district, and Florida's largest and most influential central business district. Downtown has the largest concentration of international banks in the U.S. along Brickell Avenue. Downtown is home to many major banks, courthouses, financial headquarters, cultural and tourist attractions, schools, parks and a large residential population. East of Downtown, across Biscayne Bay is South Beach. Just northwest of Downtown, is the Civic Center, which is Miami's center for hospitals, research institutes and biotechnology with hospitals such as Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami VA Hospital, and the University of Miami's Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine.
qas: answers: text: South
question: Along with West, Downtown and North, what is the other notable area of Miami?

answers: text: eastern
question: By cardinal direction, what part of the city is referred to as Downtown?

answers: text: Virginia Key
question: Along with Port Miami, Watson Island and Brickell, what area is in Downtown Miami?

answers: text: Brickell Avenue
question: On what street is the highest concentration of international banks in the US?

answers: text: East
question: Where is South Beach in relation to Downtown?

context: The southern side of Miami includes Coral Way, The Roads and Coconut Grove. Coral Way is a historic residential neighborhood built in 1922 connecting Downtown with Coral Gables, and is home to many old homes and tree-lined streets. Coconut Grove was established in 1825 and is the location of Miami's City Hall in Dinner Key, the Coconut Grove Playhouse, CocoWalk, many nightclubs, bars, restaurants and bohemian shops, and as such, is very popular with local college students. It is a historic neighborhood with narrow, winding roads, and a heavy tree canopy. Coconut Grove has many parks and gardens such as Villa Vizcaya, The Kampong, The Barnacle Historic State Park, and is the home of the Coconut Grove Convention Center and numerous historic homes and estates.
qas: answers: text: The Roads
question: Along with Coconut Grove and Coral Way, what is notably present in southern Miami?

answers: text: 1922
question: When was Coral Way constructed?

answers: text: Downtown
question: What does Coral Way connect to Coral Gables?

answers: text: 1825
question: In what year did the establishment of Coconut Grove occur?

answers: text: Dinner Key
question: What part of Coconut Grove houses the city hall of Miami?

context: The northern side of Miami includes Midtown, a district with a great mix of diversity with many West Indians, Hispanics, European Americans, bohemians, and artists. Edgewater, and Wynwood, are neighborhoods of Midtown and are made up mostly of high-rise residential towers and are home to the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts. The wealthier residents usually live in the northeastern part, in Midtown, the Design District, and the Upper East Side, with many sought after 1920s homes and home of the MiMo Historic District, a style of architecture originated in Miami in the 1950s. The northern side of Miami also has notable African American and Caribbean immigrant communities such as Little Haiti, Overtown (home of the Lyric Theater), and Liberty City.
qas: answers: text: Lyric
question: What notable theater is present in Overtown?

answers: text: Adrienne Arsht
question: After whom is the performing arts center in Midtown named?

answers: text: northern
question: In what part of Miami is Midtown?

answers: text: MiMo
question: What is the name of the architectural style originating in 1950s Miami?

answers: text: Little Haiti
question: What northern Miami neighborhood is named for a Caribbean country?

context: Miami has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am) with hot and humid summers and short, warm winters, with a marked drier season in the winter. Its sea-level elevation, coastal location, position just above the Tropic of Cancer, and proximity to the Gulf Stream shapes its climate. With January averaging 67.2 °F (19.6 °C), winter features mild to warm temperatures; cool air usually settles after the passage of a cold front, which produces much of the little amount of rainfall during the season. Lows occasionally fall below 50 °F (10 °C), but very rarely below 35 °F (2 °C). Highs generally range between 70–77 °F (21–25 °C).
qas: answers: text: Am
question: What is Miami's Köppen climate classification?

answers: text: hot and humid
question: What type of weather does Miami have in the summer?

answers: text: 19.6
question: In degrees Celsius, what is the average January temperature in Miami?

answers: text: 70–77
question: In degrees Fahrenheit, what is the normal range of high temperatures in Miami?

answers: text: 2
question: In degrees Celsius, what temperature does Miami rarely see?

context: The wet season begins some time in May, ending in mid-October. During this period, temperatures are in the mid 80s to low 90s (29–35 °C), accompanied by high humidity, though the heat is often relieved by afternoon thunderstorms or a sea breeze that develops off the Atlantic Ocean, which then allow lower temperatures, but conditions still remain very muggy. Much of the year's 55.9 inches (1,420 mm) of rainfall occurs during this period. Dewpoints in the warm months range from 71.9 °F (22.2 °C) in June to 73.7 °F (23.2 °C) in August.
qas: answers: text: May
question: When is the beginning of Miami's wet season?

answers: text: October
question: What month sees the end of the wet season in Miami?

answers: text: 29–35
question: In degrees Celsius, what is the range of temperatures during the wet season?

answers: text: 1,420
question: How many millimeters of rain fall on Miami annually?

answers: text: 73.7
question: What is the typical August dew point in degrees Fahrenheit?

context: The city proper is home to less than one-thirteenth of the population of South Florida. Miami is the 42nd-most populous city in the United States. The Miami metropolitan area, which includes Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties, had a combined population of more than 5.5 million people, ranked seventh largest in the United States, and is the largest metropolitan area in the Southeastern United States. As of 2008[update], the United Nations estimates that the Miami Urban Agglomeration is the 44th-largest in the world.
qas: answers: text: 42nd
question: Where does Miami rank in population among US cities?

answers: text: Broward
question: Along with Palm Beach and Miami-Dade, what county is part of the Miami-Dade metropolitan area?

answers: text: 5.5 million
question: How many people live in the Miami-Dade metropolitan area?

answers: text: seventh
question: Where does Miami-Dade rank in population among metropolitan areas in the US?

answers: text: one-thirteenth
question: What fraction of the southern Florida population lives in Miami?

context: In 1960, non-Hispanic whites represented 80% of Miami-Dade county's population. In 1970, the Census Bureau reported Miami's population as 45.3% Hispanic, 32.9% non-Hispanic White, and 22.7% Black. Miami's explosive population growth has been driven by internal migration from other parts of the country, primarily up until the 1980s, as well as by immigration, primarily from the 1960s to the 1990s. Today, immigration to Miami has slowed significantly and Miami's growth today is attributed greatly to its fast urbanization and high-rise construction, which has increased its inner city neighborhood population densities, such as in Downtown, Brickell, and Edgewater, where one area in Downtown alone saw a 2,069% increase in population in the 2010 Census. Miami is regarded as more of a multicultural mosaic, than it is a melting pot, with residents still maintaining much of, or some of their cultural traits. The overall culture of Miami is heavily influenced by its large population of Hispanics and blacks mainly from the Caribbean islands.
qas: answers: text: 80
question: What percentage of Miami-Dade's population was non-Hispanic white in 1960?

answers: text: 22.7
question: What percentage of the Miami population in 1970 was black?

answers: text: Hispanic
question: What was the largest ethnic group in 1970 Miami?

answers: text: Brickell
question: Along with Downtown and Edgewater, what area of Miami has notably seen increasing population densities?

answers: text: 1960s
question: Starting in what decade did immigration from outside the United States begin to have a significant influence on Miami's population?

context: Several large companies are headquartered in or around Miami, including but not limited to: Akerman Senterfitt, Alienware, Arquitectonica, Arrow Air, Bacardi, Benihana, Brightstar Corporation, Burger King, Celebrity Cruises, Carnival Corporation, Carnival Cruise Lines, Crispin Porter + Bogusky, Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company, Espírito Santo Financial Group, Fizber.com, Greenberg Traurig, Holland & Knight, Inktel Direct, Interval International, Lennar, Navarro Discount Pharmacies, Norwegian Cruise Lines, Oceania Cruises, Perry Ellis International, RCTV International, Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines, Ryder Systems, Seabourn Cruise Line, Sedano's, Telefónica USA, UniMÁS, Telemundo, Univision, U.S. Century Bank, Vector Group and World Fuel Services. Because of its proximity to Latin America, Miami serves as the headquarters of Latin American operations for more than 1400 multinational corporations, including AIG, American Airlines, Cisco, Disney, Exxon, FedEx, Kraft Foods, LEO Pharma Americas, Microsoft, Yahoo, Oracle, SBC Communications, Sony, Symantec, Visa International, and Wal-Mart.
qas: answers: text: 1400
question: Approximately how many multinationals have their Latin American operation headquarters in Miami?

answers: text: proximity to Latin America
question: Why do so many multinationals have their Latin American headquarters in Miami?

answers: text: Seabourn
question: Along with Celebrity, Carnival, Norwegian, Oceania and Royal Caribbean, what cruise line is based in Miami?

context: Miami is a major television production center, and the most important city in the U.S. for Spanish language media. Univisión, Telemundo and UniMÁS have their headquarters in Miami, along with their production studios. The Telemundo Television Studios produces much of the original programming for Telemundo, such as their telenovelas and talk shows. In 2011, 85% of Telemundo's original programming was filmed in Miami. Miami is also a major music recording center, with the Sony Music Latin and Universal Music Latin Entertainment headquarters in the city, along with many other smaller record labels. The city also attracts many artists for music video and film shootings.
qas: answers: text: Telemundo
question: Along with UniMÁS and Univisión, what Spanish language television station is headquartered in Miami?

answers: text: 85
question: As of 2011, what percentage of original Telemundo programming was filmed in Miami?

answers: text: Universal Music Latin Entertainment
question: Along with Sony Music Latin, what music recording corporation is located in Miami?

answers: text: Telemundo Television Studios
question: What is the name of the business that produces a significant portion of Telemundo's original programming?

context: Since 2001, Miami has been undergoing a large building boom with more than 50 skyscrapers rising over 400 feet (122 m) built or currently under construction in the city. Miami's skyline is ranked third-most impressive in the U.S., behind New York City and Chicago, and 19th in the world according to the Almanac of Architecture and Design. The city currently has the eight tallest (as well as thirteen of the fourteen tallest) skyscrapers in the state of Florida, with the tallest being the 789-foot (240 m) Four Seasons Hotel & Tower.
qas: answers: text: 50
question: How many 400+ foot skyscrapers have been built or are in the process of being built in Miami since 2001?

answers: text: New York City and Chicago
question: What US cities have more impressive skylines than Miami's?

answers: text: 19th
question: What is Miami's world rank in terms of how impressive its skyline is?

answers: text: thirteen
question: Of the fourteen tallest skyscrapers in Florida, how many are in Miami?

answers: text: Four Seasons Hotel & Tower
question: What is the tallest skyscraper in Florida?

context: During the mid-2000s, the city witnessed its largest real estate boom since the Florida land boom of the 1920s. During this period, the city had well over a hundred approved high-rise construction projects in which 50 were actually built. In 2007, however, the housing market crashed causing lots of foreclosures on houses. This rapid high-rise construction, has led to fast population growth in the city's inner neighborhoods, primarily in Downtown, Brickell and Edgewater, with these neighborhoods becoming the fastest-growing areas in the city. The Miami area ranks 8th in the nation in foreclosures. In 2011, Forbes magazine named Miami the second-most miserable city in the United States due to its high foreclosure rate and past decade of corruption among public officials. In 2012, Forbes magazine named Miami the most miserable city in the United States because of a crippling housing crisis that has cost multitudes of residents their homes and jobs. The metro area has one of the highest violent crime rates in the country and workers face lengthy daily commutes.
qas: answers: text: 1920s
question: When did the Florida land boom occur?

answers: text: 2007
question: What year saw the crash of the Miami housing market?

answers: text: 8th
question: Where does the area around Miami rank nationally in terms of foreclosures?

answers: text: high foreclosure rate
question: Along with its political corruption, why did Forbes call Miami the country's second most miserable city in 2011?

answers: text: 2012
question: In what year did Forbes call Miami the country's most miserable city?

context: Miami International Airport and PortMiami are among the nation's busiest ports of entry, especially for cargo from South America and the Caribbean. The Port of Miami is the world's busiest cruise port, and MIA is the busiest airport in Florida, and the largest gateway between the United States and Latin America. Additionally, the city has the largest concentration of international banks in the country, primarily along Brickell Avenue in Brickell, Miami's financial district. Due to its strength in international business, finance and trade, many international banks have offices in Downtown such as Espírito Santo Financial Group, which has its U.S. headquarters in Miami. Miami was also the host city of the 2003 Free Trade Area of the Americas negotiations, and is one of the leading candidates to become the trading bloc's headquarters.
qas: answers: text: Miami International
question: What is Florida's busiest airport?

answers: text: Port of Miami
question: What is the busiest cruise port in the world?

answers: text: 2003
question: In what year did Miami play host to the negotiations concerning the Free Trade Area of the Americas?

answers: text: Brickell Avenue
question: What street is central to the financial district of Miami?

answers: text: South America
question: Along with the Caribbean, from where does a significant amount of cargo enter MIA?

context: Tourism is also an important industry in Miami. Along with finance and business, the beaches, conventions, festivals and events draw over 38 million visitors annually into the city, from across the country and around the world, spending $17.1 billion. The Art Deco District in South Beach, is reputed as one of the most glamorous in the world for its nightclubs, beaches, historical buildings, and shopping. Annual events such as the Sony Ericsson Open, Art Basel, Winter Music Conference, South Beach Wine & Food Festival, and Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Miami attract millions to the metropolis every year.
qas: answers: text: 38 million
question: How many tourists come to Miami each year?

answers: text: $17.1 billion
question: How much money do tourists spend in Miami every year?

answers: text: South Beach
question: What neighborhood is home to the Art Deco District?

answers: text: Mercedes-Benz
question: Who sponsors Fashion Week Miami?

answers: text: historical buildings
question: Along with nightclubs, beaches and shopping, what notable attraction exists in the Art Deco District?

context: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2004, Miami had the third highest incidence of family incomes below the federal poverty line in the United States, making it the third poorest city in the USA, behind only Detroit, Michigan (ranked #1) and El Paso, Texas (ranked #2). Miami is also one of the very few cities where its local government went bankrupt, in 2001. However, since that time, Miami has experienced a revival: in 2008, Miami was ranked as "America's Cleanest City" according to Forbes for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets and city-wide recycling programs. In a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States (of four U.S. cities included in the survey) and the world's fifth-richest city, in terms of purchasing power.
qas: answers: text: Detroit
question: As of 2004, what city was the poorest in the United States?

answers: text: El Paso
question: What was the second poorest US city in 2004?

answers: text: Miami
question: In 2004, what city ranked third poorest in America?

answers: text: 2001
question: In what year did Miami's government declare bankruptcy?

answers: text: fifth
question: In terms of purchasing power, where did Miami rank among world cities in a 2009 UBS study?

context: In addition to such annual festivals like Calle Ocho Festival and Carnaval Miami, Miami is home to many entertainment venues, theaters, museums, parks and performing arts centers. The newest addition to the Miami arts scene is the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts, the second-largest performing arts center in the United States after the Lincoln Center in New York City, and is the home of the Florida Grand Opera. Within it are the Ziff Ballet Opera House, the center's largest venue, the Knight Concert Hall, the Carnival Studio Theater and the Peacock Rehearsal Studio. The center attracts many large-scale operas, ballets, concerts, and musicals from around the world and is Florida's grandest performing arts center. Other performing arts venues in Miami include the Gusman Center for the Performing Arts, Coconut Grove Playhouse, Colony Theatre, Lincoln Theatre, New World Center, Actor's Playhouse at the Miracle Theatre, Jackie Gleason Theatre, Manuel Artime Theater, Ring Theatre, Playground Theatre, Wertheim Performing Arts Center, the Fair Expo Center and the Bayfront Park Amphitheater for outdoor music events.
qas: answers: text: Lincoln Center
question: What is the largest performing arts center in the US?

answers: text: Florida Grand Opera
question: What organization calls the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts home?

answers: text: Ziff Ballet Opera House
question: What is the largest venue in the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts?

answers: text: New York City
question: Where is Lincoln Center located?

answers: text: Bayfront Park Amphitheater
question: What venue in Miami is notable for hosting outdoor music?

context: In the early 1970s, the Miami disco sound came to life with TK Records, featuring the music of KC and the Sunshine Band, with such hits as "Get Down Tonight", "(Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty" and "That's the Way (I Like It)"; and the Latin-American disco group, Foxy (band), with their hit singles "Get Off" and "Hot Number". Miami-area natives George McCrae and Teri DeSario were also popular music artists during the 1970s disco era. The Bee Gees moved to Miami in 1975 and have lived here ever since then. Miami-influenced, Gloria Estefan and the Miami Sound Machine, hit the popular music scene with their Cuban-oriented sound and had hits in the 1980s with "Conga" and "Bad Boys".
qas: answers: text: 1975
question: In what year did the Bee Gees relocate to Miami?

answers: text: 1970s
question: In what decade was disco popular?

answers: text: Gloria Estefan and the Miami Sound Machine
question: What band performed the song "Conga"?

answers: text: Foxy
question: What group performed the song "Hot Number"?

answers: text: TK Records
question: What music label showcased KC and the Sunshine Band?

context: Miami is also considered a "hot spot" for dance music, Freestyle, a style of dance music popular in the 80's and 90's heavily influenced by Electro, hip-hop, and disco. Many popular Freestyle acts such as Pretty Tony, Debbie Deb, Stevie B, and Exposé, originated in Miami. Indie/folk acts Cat Power and Iron & Wine are based in the city, while alternative hip hop artist Sage Francis, electro artist Uffie, and the electroclash duo Avenue D were born in Miami, but musically based elsewhere. Also, ska punk band Against All Authority is from Miami, and rock/metal bands Nonpoint and Marilyn Manson each formed in neighboring Fort Lauderdale. Cuban American female recording artist, Ana Cristina, was born in Miami in 1985.
qas: answers: text: hip-hop
question: Along with Electro and disco, what genre of music influenced Freestyle?

answers: text: electro
question: What genre of music does Uffie perform?

answers: text: Fort Lauderdale
question: Where did the band Nonpoint form?

answers: text: Cuban American
question: What is Ana Cristina's ethnicity?

answers: text: Iron & Wine
question: Along with Cat Power, what indie/folk musician is based in Miami?

context: This was also a period of alternatives to nightclubs, the warehouse party, acid house, rave and outdoor festival scenes of the late 1980s and early 1990s were havens for the latest trends in electronic dance music, especially house and its ever-more hypnotic, synthetic offspring techno and trance, in clubs like the infamous Warsaw Ballroom better known as Warsaw and The Mix where DJs like david padilla (who was the resident DJ for both) and radio. The new sound fed back into mainstream clubs across the country. The scene in SoBe, along with a bustling secondhand market for electronic instruments and turntables, had a strong democratizing effect, offering amateur, "bedroom" DJs the opportunity to become proficient and popular as both music players and producers, regardless of the whims of the professional music and club industries. Some of these notable DJs are John Benetiz (better known as JellyBean Benetiz), Danny Tenaglia, and David Padilla.
qas: answers: text: david padilla
question: Who was the Warsaw Ballroom's house DJ?

answers: text: JellyBean Benetiz
question: By what other name is John Benetiz known?

answers: text: SoBe
question: In what area of Miami is there a notable secondhand turntable market?

context: Cuban immigrants in the 1960s brought the Cuban sandwich, medianoche, Cuban espresso, and croquetas, all of which have grown in popularity to all Miamians, and have become symbols of the city's varied cuisine. Today, these are part of the local culture, and can be found throughout the city in window cafés, particularly outside of supermarkets and restaurants. Restaurants such as Versailles restaurant in Little Havana is a landmark eatery of Miami. Located on the Atlantic Ocean, and with a long history as a seaport, Miami is also known for its seafood, with many seafood restaurants located along the Miami River, and in and around Biscayne Bay. Miami is also the home of restaurant chains such as Burger King, Tony Roma's and Benihana.
qas: answers: text: Versailles
question: What is a notable restaurant in Little Havana?

answers: text: Tony Roma's
question: Along with Benihana and Burger King, what chain restaurant is headquartered in Miami?

answers: text: 1960s
question: In what decade did Cuban immigrants introduce their cuisine to Miami?

answers: text: Atlantic
question: What ocean is Miami adjacent to?

answers: text: Biscayne Bay
question: Along with the Miami River, near what body of water are Miami seafood restaurants notably located?

context: The Miami area has a unique dialect, (commonly called the "Miami accent") which is widely spoken. The dialect developed among second- or third-generation Hispanics, including Cuban-Americans, whose first language was English (though some non-Hispanic white, black, and other races who were born and raised the Miami area tend to adopt it as well.) It is based on a fairly standard American accent but with some changes very similar to dialects in the Mid-Atlantic (especially the New York area dialect, Northern New Jersey English, and New York Latino English.) Unlike Virginia Piedmont, Coastal Southern American, and Northeast American dialects and Florida Cracker dialect (see section below), "Miami accent" is rhotic; it also incorporates a rhythm and pronunciation heavily influenced by Spanish (wherein rhythm is syllable-timed). However, this is a native dialect of English, not learner English or interlanguage; it is possible to differentiate this variety from an interlanguage spoken by second-language speakers in that "Miami accent" does not generally display the following features: there is no addition of /ɛ/ before initial consonant clusters with /s/, speakers do not confuse of /dʒ/ with /j/, (e.g., Yale with jail), and /r/ and /rr/ are pronounced as alveolar approximant [ɹ] instead of alveolar tap [ɾ] or alveolar trill [r] in Spanish.
qas: answers: text: Miami accent
question: What is another term for Miami's dialect?

answers: text: Mid-Atlantic
question: What area of the country has a similar dialect to Miami?

answers: text: Spanish
question: What non-English language influences the Miami dialect?

context: Miami's main four sports teams are the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League, the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association, the Miami Marlins of Major League Baseball, and the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League. As well as having all four major professional teams, Miami is also home to the Major League Soccer expansion team led by David Beckham, Sony Ericsson Open for professional tennis, numerous greyhound racing tracks, marinas, jai alai venues, and golf courses. The city streets has hosted professional auto races, the Miami Indy Challenge and later the Grand Prix Americas. The Homestead-Miami Speedway oval hosts NASCAR national races.
qas: answers: text: Basketball
question: What sport do the Miami Heat play?

answers: text: Dolphins
question: What is the nickname of Miami's NFL team?

answers: text: Florida Panthers
question: What professional hockey team is based in Miami?

answers: text: Sony Ericsson
question: At what tournament in Miami is professional tennis played?

answers: text: Homestead-Miami Speedway
question: Where do NASCAR races in Miami take place?

context: Miami's tropical weather allows for year-round outdoors activities. The city has numerous marinas, rivers, bays, canals, and the Atlantic Ocean, which make boating, sailing, and fishing popular outdoors activities. Biscayne Bay has numerous coral reefs which make snorkeling and scuba diving popular. There are over 80 parks and gardens in the city. The largest and most popular parks are Bayfront Park and Bicentennial Park (located in the heart of Downtown and the location of the American Airlines Arena and Bayside Marketplace), Tropical Park, Peacock Park, Morningside Park, Virginia Key, and Watson Island.
qas: answers: text: 80
question: How many gardens and parks are in Miami?

answers: text: Bicentennial
question: In what park is the American Airlines Arena located?

answers: text: snorkeling and scuba diving
question: Due to the presence of coral reefs, what activities are popular in Biscayne Bay?

answers: text: Downtown
question: In what neighborhood is Bicentennial Park located?

answers: text: tropical weather
question: Why can outdoor activities take place all year in Miami?

context: The government of the City of Miami (proper) uses the mayor-commissioner type of system. The city commission consists of five commissioners which are elected from single member districts. The city commission constitutes the governing body with powers to pass ordinances, adopt regulations, and exercise all powers conferred upon the city in the city charter. The mayor is elected at large and appoints a city manager. The City of Miami is governed by Mayor Tomás Regalado and 5 City commissioners which oversee the five districts in the City. The commission's regular meetings are held at Miami City Hall, which is located at 3500 Pan American Drive on Dinner Key in the neighborhood of Coconut Grove .
qas: answers: text: mayor-commissioner
question: Under what government system does Miami operate?

answers: text: five
question: How many members are on the city commission?

answers: text: Tomás Regalado
question: Who is the Mayor of Miami?

answers: text: 3500 Pan American Drive
question: What is the street address of Miami City Hall?

answers: text: Coconut Grove
question: In what neighborhood is Miami City Hall located?

context: Miami has one of the largest television markets in the nation and the second largest in the state of Florida. Miami has several major newspapers, the main and largest newspaper being The Miami Herald. El Nuevo Herald is the major and largest Spanish-language newspaper. The Miami Herald and El Nuevo Herald are Miami's and South Florida's main, major and largest newspapers. The papers left their longtime home in downtown Miami in 2013. The newspapers are now headquartered at the former home of U.S. Southern Command in Doral.
qas: answers: text: 2013
question: When did El Nuevo Herald leave Miami?

answers: text: Doral
question: In what community is the Miami Herald currently located?

answers: text: second
question: Among television markets in Florida, where dies Miami rank?

answers: text: Miami Herald
question: What is the largest newspaper in Miami?

answers: text: El Nuevo Herald
question: What is Miami's largest newspaper written in Spanish?

context: Other major newspapers include Miami Today, headquartered in Brickell, Miami New Times, headquartered in Midtown, Miami Sun Post, South Florida Business Journal, Miami Times, and Biscayne Boulevard Times. An additional Spanish-language newspapers, Diario Las Americas also serve Miami. The Miami Herald is Miami's primary newspaper with over a million readers and is headquartered in Downtown in Herald Plaza. Several other student newspapers from the local universities, such as the oldest, the University of Miami's The Miami Hurricane, Florida International University's The Beacon, Miami-Dade College's The Metropolis, Barry University's The Buccaneer, amongst others. Many neighborhoods and neighboring areas also have their own local newspapers such as the Aventura News, Coral Gables Tribune, Biscayne Bay Tribune, and the Palmetto Bay News.
qas: answers: text: Midtown
question: In what neighborhood of Miami is Miami New Times based?

answers: text: Brickell
question: What neighborhood houses the headquarters of Miami Today?

answers: text: million
question: Approximately how many people read The Miami Herald?

answers: text: Florida International
question: For what university is The Beacon the student newspaper?

answers: text: The Buccaneer
question: What is the name of the student newspaper at Barry University?

context: Miami is also the headquarters and main production city of many of the world's largest television networks, record label companies, broadcasting companies and production facilities, such as Telemundo, TeleFutura, Galavisión, Mega TV, Univisión, Univision Communications, Inc., Universal Music Latin Entertainment, RCTV International and Sunbeam Television. In 2009, Univisión announced plans to build a new production studio in Miami, dubbed 'Univisión Studios'. Univisión Studios is currently headquartered in Miami, and will produce programming for all of Univisión Communications' television networks.
qas: answers: text: 2009
question: When did Univisión announce it was building a production studio in Miami?

answers: text: Univisión Studios
question: What was the name of the production studio built in Miami by Univisión?

answers: text: all of Univisión Communications' television networks
question: Where will the programs made at Univisión Studios be broadcast?

context: Miami International Airport serves as the primary international airport of the Greater Miami Area. One of the busiest international airports in the world, Miami International Airport caters to over 35 million passengers a year. The airport is a major hub and the single largest international gateway for American Airlines. Miami International is the busiest airport in Florida, and is the United States' second-largest international port of entry for foreign air passengers behind New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport, and is the seventh-largest such gateway in the world. The airport's extensive international route network includes non-stop flights to over seventy international cities in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.
qas: answers: text: 35 million
question: How many passengers use Miami International Airport annually?

answers: text: American Airlines
question: What airline uses Miami International as its biggest international gateway?

answers: text: John F. Kennedy International Airport
question: What airport is the largest international port of entry for overseas air travelers in the United States?

answers: text: seventy
question: From Miami International Airport, to approximately how many non-American cities can one fly nonstop?

context: Miami is home to one of the largest ports in the United States, the PortMiami. It is the largest cruise ship port in the world. The port is often called the "Cruise Capital of the World" and the "Cargo Gateway of the Americas". It has retained its status as the number one cruise/passenger port in the world for well over a decade accommodating the largest cruise ships and the major cruise lines. In 2007, the port served 3,787,410 passengers. Additionally, the port is one of the nation's busiest cargo ports, importing 7.8 million tons of cargo in 2007. Among North American ports, it ranks second only to the Port of South Louisiana in New Orleans in terms of cargo tonnage imported/exported from Latin America. The port is on 518 acres (2 km2) and has 7 passenger terminals. China is the port's number one import country, and Honduras is the number one export country. Miami has the world's largest amount of cruise line headquarters, home to: Carnival Cruise Lines, Celebrity Cruises, Norwegian Cruise Line, Oceania Cruises, and Royal Caribbean International. In 2014, the Port of Miami Tunnel was completed and will serve the PortMiami.
qas: answers: text: "Cruise Capital of the World"
question: Along with "Cargo Gateway of the Americas," what is another nickname for PortMiami?

answers: text: 3,787,410
question: How many passengers used PortMiami in 2007?

answers: text: 7.8 million
question: How many tons of cargo arrived in PortMiami in 2007?

answers: text: Port of South Louisiana
question: What North American port sees the largest amount of imported and exported cargo?

answers: text: 2
question: How many square kilometers is PortMiami?

context: Miami's heavy-rail rapid transit system, Metrorail, is an elevated system comprising two lines and 23 stations on a 24.4-mile (39.3 km)-long line. Metrorail connects the urban western suburbs of Hialeah, Medley, and inner-city Miami with suburban The Roads, Coconut Grove, Coral Gables, South Miami and urban Kendall via the central business districts of Miami International Airport, the Civic Center, and Downtown. A free, elevated people mover, Metromover, operates 21 stations on three different lines in greater Downtown Miami, with a station at roughly every two blocks of Downtown and Brickell. Several expansion projects are being funded by a transit development sales tax surcharge throughout Miami-Dade County.
qas: answers: text: Metrorail
question: What is the name of Miami's heavy-rail system?

answers: text: 24.4
question: How many miles long is Metrorail?

answers: text: 23
question: How many stations does Metrorail have?

answers: text: three
question: How many lines does Metromover have?

answers: text: free
question: How much does it cost to use Metromover?

context: Construction is currently underway on the Miami Intermodal Center and Miami Central Station, a massive transportation hub servicing Metrorail, Amtrak, Tri-Rail, Metrobus, Greyhound Lines, taxis, rental cars, MIA Mover, private automobiles, bicycles and pedestrians adjacent to Miami International Airport. Completion of the Miami Intermodal Center is expected to be completed by winter 2011, and will serve over 150,000 commuters and travelers in the Miami area. Phase I of Miami Central Station is scheduled to begin service in the spring of 2012, and Phase II in 2013.
qas: answers: text: 2011
question: What year was to see the completion of the Miami Intermodal Center?

answers: text: 2013
question: When was Phase II of the Miami Center Station supposed to enter service?

answers: text: 150,000
question: Approximately how many people were intended to use Miami Intermodal Center?

answers: text: Miami International
question: What airport is Miami Intermodal Center next to?

answers: text: spring
question: What part of 2012 was to have seen Phase I of Miami Central Station begin?

context: Miami is the southern terminus of Amtrak's Atlantic Coast services, running two lines, the Silver Meteor and the Silver Star, both terminating in New York City. The Miami Amtrak Station is located in the suburb of Hialeah near the Tri-Rail/Metrorail Station on NW 79 St and NW 38 Ave. Current construction of the Miami Central Station will move all Amtrak operations from its current out-of-the-way location to a centralized location with Metrorail, MIA Mover, Tri-Rail, Miami International Airport, and the Miami Intermodal Center all within the same station closer to Downtown. The station was expected to be completed by 2012, but experienced several delays and was later expected to be completed in late 2014, again pushed back to early 2015.
qas: answers: text: Silver Meteor
question: Along with the Silver Star, what Amtrak line runs to Miami?

answers: text: New York City
question: From Miami, to where does the Silver Star run?

answers: text: Hialeah
question: In what city is the Miami Amtrak Station?

answers: text: 2012
question: In what year was the Miami Central Station originally supposed to have been completed?

answers: text: 2014
question: After the first delay, in what year was the Miami Central Station supposed to open?

context: Florida High Speed Rail was a proposed government backed high-speed rail system that would have connected Miami, Orlando, and Tampa. The first phase was planned to connect Orlando and Tampa and was offered federal funding, but it was turned down by Governor Rick Scott in 2011. The second phase of the line was envisioned to connect Miami. By 2014, a private project known as All Aboard Florida by a company of the historic Florida East Coast Railway began construction of a higher-speed rail line in South Florida that is planned to eventually terminate at Orlando International Airport.
qas: answers: text: Tampa
question: Along with Orlando, what city would have been connected to Miami via Florida High Speed Rail?

answers: text: Rick Scott
question: Who was the governor of Florida in 2011?

answers: text: 2014
question: In what year did All Aboard Florida begin?

answers: text: Orlando International Airport
question: From South Florida, where will All Aboard Florida stretch to?

answers: text: Florida East Coast Railway
question: What company is responsible for All Aboard Florida?

context: Miami's road system is based along the numerical "Miami Grid" where Flagler Street forms the east-west baseline and Miami Avenue forms the north-south meridian. The corner of Flagler Street and Miami Avenue is in the middle of Downtown in front of the Downtown Macy's (formerly the Burdine's headquarters). The Miami grid is primarily numerical so that, for example, all street addresses north of Flagler Street and west of Miami Avenue have "NW" in their address. Because its point of origin is in Downtown, which is close to the coast, therefore, the "NW" and "SW" quadrants are much larger than the "SE" and "NE" quadrants. Many roads, especially major ones, are also named (e.g., Tamiami Trail/SW 8th St), although, with exceptions, the number is in more common usage among locals.
qas: answers: text: Burdine's
question: What company was previously headquartered in the Downtown Macy's?

answers: text: SW 8th St
question: What is another name for Tamiami Trail?

answers: text: Downtown
question: In what neighborhood of Miami is the corner of Miami Avenue and Flagler Street?

answers: text: Miami Grid
question: What is Miami's street plan called?

answers: text: NW
question: If a street is west of Miami Avenue and north of Flagler Street, what will necessarily be in its address?

context: Miami has six major causeways that span over Biscayne Bay connecting the western mainland, with the eastern barrier islands along the Atlantic Ocean. The Rickenbacker Causeway is the southernmost causeway and connects Brickell to Virginia Key and Key Biscayne. The Venetian Causeway and MacArthur Causeway connect Downtown with South Beach. The Julia Tuttle Causeway connects Midtown and Miami Beach. The 79th Street Causeway connects the Upper East Side with North Beach. The northernmost causeway, the Broad Causeway, is the smallest of Miami's six causeways, and connects North Miami with Bal Harbour.
qas: answers: text: Key Biscayne
question: Along with Virginia Key, what does the Rickenbacker Causeway connect to Brickell?

answers: text: MacArthur
question: What causeway connects South Beach with Downtown?

answers: text: Broad
question: Which Miami causeway has the smallest size?

answers: text: Rickenbacker
question: What causeway is furthest to the south?

answers: text: six
question: How many major causeways are in Miami?

context: In recent years the city government, under Mayor Manny Diaz, has taken an ambitious stance in support of bicycling in Miami for both recreation and commuting. Every month, the city hosts "Bike Miami", where major streets in Downtown and Brickell are closed to automobiles, but left open for pedestrians and bicyclists. The event began in November 2008, and has doubled in popularity from 1,500 participants to about 3,000 in the October 2009 Bike Miami. This is the longest-running such event in the US. In October 2009, the city also approved an extensive 20-year plan for bike routes and paths around the city. The city has begun construction of bike routes as of late 2009, and ordinances requiring bike parking in all future construction in the city became mandatory as of October 2009.
qas: answers: text: automobiles
question: What cannot travel on Downtown Miami streets during "Bike Miami"?

answers: text: 3,000
question: How many people participated in Bike Miami in October of 2009?

answers: text: Manny Diaz
question: Who was a recent mayor of Miami?

answers: text: Brickell
question: Along with Downtown, in what neighborhood of Miami does Bike Miami take place?

answers: text: November
question: In what month in 2008 did Bike Miami start?