Liberia

context: The Republic of Liberia, beginning as a settlement of the American Colonization Society (ACS), declared its independence on July 26, 1847. The United States did not recognize Liberia's independence until during the American Civil War on February 5, 1862. Between January 7, 1822 and the American Civil War, more than 15,000 freed and free-born Black Americans from United States and 3,198 Afro-Caribbeans relocated to the settlement. The Black American settlers carried their culture with them to Liberia. The Liberian constitution and flag were modeled after the United States. In January 3, 1848 Joseph Jenkins Roberts, a wealthy free-born Black American from Virginia who settled in Liberia, was elected as Liberia's first president after the people proclaimed independence.
qas: answers: text: as a settlement of the American Colonization Society (ACS)
question: How did the republic of liberia begin?

answers: text: July 26, 1847
question: When did the Republic of Liberia declare it's independence?

answers: text: February 5, 1862. Between January 7, 182
question: When did the united states recognize the republic of Liberia's independence?

answers: text: more than 15,000
question: How many slaves were freed in the american civil war?

answers: text: the United States
question: What was the Liberian flag and constitution modeled after?

context: Longstanding political tensions from the 27 year rule of William Tubman resulted in a military coup in 1980 that overthrew the leadership soon after his death, marking the beginning of political instability. Five years of military rule by the People's Redemption Council and five years of civilian rule by the National Democratic Party of Liberia were followed by the First and Second Liberian Civil Wars. These resulted in the deaths and displacement of more than half a million people and devastated Liberia's economy. A peace agreement in 2003 led to democratic elections in 2005. Recovery proceeds but about 85% of the population live below the international poverty line.
qas: answers: text: 27 year
question: How long did william tubman rule?

answers: text: 1980
question: In what year did a military coupe overthrow leadership leading to william tubmans death?

answers: text: five years
question: How long was the rule of the peoples redemption council?

answers: text: five years
question: How long was the rule of the national democratic party?

answers: text: the deaths and displacement of more than half a million people and devastated Liberia's economy.
question: What did the liberian civil war result in?

context: This influx was compounded by the decline of the Western Sudanic Mali Empire in 1375 and the Songhai Empire in 1591. Additionally, as inland regions underwent desertification, inhabitants moved to the wetter coast. These new inhabitants brought skills such as cotton spinning, cloth weaving, iron smelting, rice and sorghum cultivation, and social and political institutions from the Mali and Songhai empires. Shortly after the Mane conquered the region, the Vai people of the former Mali Empire immigrated into the Grand Cape Mount region. The ethnic Kru opposed the influx of Vai, forming an alliance with the Mane to stop further influx of Vai.[citation needed]
qas: answers: text: Western Sudanic Mali Empire
question: What empire was o the decline on 1375?

answers: text: inhabitants moved to the wetter coast
question: What happened when regions underwent desertification?

answers: text: The ethnic Kru
question: Who opposed the influx of vai forming an alliance with maine?

answers: text: the Grand Cape Mount region.
question: Where did the people of the Mali empire immigrate to?

context: In the United States, there was a movement to resettle American free blacks and freed slaves in Africa. The American Colonization Society was founded in 1816 in Washington, DC for this purpose, by a group of prominent politicians and slaveholders. But its membership grew to include mostly people who supported abolition of slavery. Slaveholders wanted to get free people of color out of the South, where they were thought to threaten the stability of the slave societies. Some abolitionists collaborated on relocation of free blacks, as they were discouraged by discrimination against them in the North and believed they would never be accepted in the larger society. Most African Americans, who were native-born by this time, wanted to improve conditions in the United States rather than emigrate. Leading activists in the North strongly opposed the ACS, but some free blacks were ready to try a different environment.
qas: answers: text: a movement to resettle American free blacks and freed slaves in Africa.
question: What is "the american colonization society"?

answers: text: 1816
question: When was the "american colonization society founded"?

answers: text: people who supported abolition of slavery
question: The "american colonization society" consisted mostly of whom"

answers: text: to get free people of color out of the South
question: What did slave holders want to do?

answers: text: improve conditions in the United States
question: rather than emigrate African Americans wanted to do what?

context: In 1822, the American Colonization Society began sending African-American volunteers to the Pepper Coast to establish a colony for freed African Americans. By 1867, the ACS (and state-related chapters) had assisted in the migration of more than 13,000 African Americans to Liberia. These free African Americans and their descendants married within their community and came to identify as Americo-Liberians. Many were of mixed race and educated in American culture; they did not identify with the indigenous natives of the tribes they encountered. They intermarried largely within the colonial community, developing an ethnic group that had a cultural tradition infused with American notions of political republicanism and Protestant Christianity.
qas: answers: text: establish a colony for freed African Americans.
question: African  Americans were sent to the pepper coast to do what?

answers: text: 13,000
question: By 1837 the ACS had assisted in moving how many african americans to liberia?

answers: text: Americo-Liberians
question: What did African Americans who were moved to Liberia identify as? 

answers: text: indigenous natives of the tribes they encountered
question: Who did Americo-Liberians not identify with? 

answers: text: cultural tradition
question: What did African Americans moved to Liberia keep from America?

context: The Americo-Liberian settlers did not identify with the indigenous peoples they encountered, especially those in communities of the more isolated "bush." They knew nothing of their cultures, languages or animist religion. Encounters with tribal Africans in the bush often developed as violent confrontations. The colonial settlements were raided by the Kru and Grebo people from their inland chiefdoms. Because of feeling set apart and superior by their culture and education to the indigenous peoples, the Americo-Liberians developed as a small elite that held on to political power. It excluded the indigenous tribesmen from birthright citizenship in their own lands until 1904, in a repetition of the United States' treatment of Native Americans. Because of the cultural gap between the groups and assumption of superiority of western culture, the Americo-Liberians envisioned creating a western-style state to which the tribesmen should assimilate. They encouraged religious organizations to set up missions and schools to educate the indigenous peoples.
qas: answers: text: indigenous peoples they encountered,
question: The americo-liberians did not identify with who?

answers: text: violent confrontations.
question: What were americo-liberians encounters like with tribal Africans"

answers: text: the Kru and Grebo people from their inland chiefdoms.
question: Who raided the colonial settlements?

answers: text: citizenship in their own lands
question: What did Americo-liberians exclude tribes from?

answers: text: to educate the indigenous peoples.
question: Americo-Liberians set up missions and schools to do what? 

context: On April 12, 1980, a military coup led by Master Sergeant Samuel Doe of the Krahn ethnic group overthrew and killed President William R. Tolbert, Jr.. Doe and the other plotters later executed a majority of Tolbert's cabinet and other Americo-Liberian government officials and True Whig Party members. The coup leaders formed the People's Redemption Council (PRC) to govern the country. A strategic Cold War ally of the West, Doe received significant financial backing from the United States while critics condemned the PRC for corruption and political repression.
qas: answers: text: a military coup led by Master Sergeant Samuel Doe of the Krahn ethnic group
question: Who was responsible for the death of William R. Tolbert?

answers: text: April 12, 1980
question: On what date was William R. Tolbert killed?

answers: text: majority of Tolbert's cabinet and other Americo-Liberian government officials and True Whig Party members.
question: Who was also executed on the day of William R. Tolbert's death?

answers: text: the People's Redemption Council
question: The coup leaders later became known as?

answers: text: corruption and political repression
question: What was the PRC criticized for ?

context: The rebels soon split into various factions fighting one another. The Economic Community Monitoring Group under the Economic Community of West African States organized a military task force to intervene in the crisis. From 1989 to 1996 one of Africa's bloodiest civil wars ensued, claiming the lives of more than 200,000 Liberians and displacing a million others into refugee camps in neighboring countries. A peace deal between warring parties was reached in 1995, leading to Taylor's election as president in 1997.
qas: answers: text: split into various factions fighting one another.
question: What eventually happened to the rebels?

answers: text: The Economic Community Monitoring Group under the Economic Community of West African States
question: Who intervened in the rebel crisis?

answers: text: organized a military task force
question: What did the economic community monitoring group do to intervene in the crisis?

answers: text: 1989 to 1996
question: During what period did the African civil war last?

answers: text: 200,000
question: How many liberians died in the civil war?

context: In March 2003, a second rebel group, Movement for Democracy in Liberia, began launching attacks against Taylor from the southeast. Peace talks between the factions began in Accra in June of that year, and Taylor was indicted by the Special Court for Sierra Leone for crimes against humanity that same month. By July 2003, the rebels had launched an assault on Monrovia. Under heavy pressure from the international community and the domestic Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace movement, Taylor resigned in August 2003 and went into exile in Nigeria.
qas: answers: text: a second rebel group,
question: What is "Movement For democracy in Liberia"?

answers: text: Taylor
question: Movement For democracy in Liberia launched attacks against who?

answers: text: Accra in June of that year
question: where did peace talks begin between Movement For democracy in Liberia and Taylor?

answers: text: for crimes against humanity
question: Why was Taylor indicted by a special court ?

answers: text: Monrovia.
question: Who did the rebels launch an assault on in July, 2003?

context: The subsequent 2005 elections were internationally regarded as the most free and fair in Liberian history. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, a Harvard-trained economist and former Minister of Finance, was elected as the first female president in Africa. Upon her inauguration, Sirleaf requested the extradition of Taylor from Nigeria and transferred him to the SCSL for trial in The Hague. In 2006, the government established a Truth and Reconciliation Commission to address the causes and crimes of the civil war.
qas: answers: text: the most free and fair in Liberian history
question: The 2005 elections were known as what?

answers: text: a Harvard-trained economist and former Minister of Finance
question: Who is ellen johnson sirleaf?

answers: text: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
question: Who was elected the first female president of Africa?

answers: text: Taylor from Nigeria
question: Movement For democracy in Liberia requested the extradition of whom"

answers: text: Truth and Reconciliation Commission
question: What was created to address the causes of civil war?

context: Liberia is divided into fifteen counties, which, in turn, are subdivided into a total of 90 districts and further subdivided into clans. The oldest counties are Grand Bassa and Montserrado, both founded in 1839 prior to Liberian independence. Gbarpolu is the newest county, created in 2001. Nimba is the largest of the counties in size at 11,551 km2 (4,460 sq mi), while Montserrado is the smallest at 1,909 km2 (737 sq mi). Montserrado is also the most populous county with 1,144,806 residents as of the 2008 census.
qas: answers: text: fifteen
question: How many counties is liberia divided into?

answers: text: 90
question: How many districts are the 15 counties of liberia divided into?

answers: text: Grand Bassa
question: What is the oldest county in liberia?

answers: text: 1839
question: When was Grand Bassa founded?

answers: text: Gbarpolu
question: What is Liberia's newest county?

context: The Legislature is composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The House, led by a speaker, has 73 members apportioned among the 15 counties on the basis of the national census, with each county receiving a minimum of two members. Each House member represents an electoral district within a county as drawn by the National Elections Commission and is elected by a plurality of the popular vote of their district into a six-year term. The Senate is made up of two senators from each county for a total of 30 senators. Senators serve nine-year terms and are elected at-large by a plurality of the popular vote. The vice president serves as the President of the Senate, with a President pro tempore serving in their absence.
qas: answers: text: the Senate and the House of Representatives
question: What is the legislature composed of? 

answers: text: 73
question: How many members are in a house?

answers: text: a speaker
question: Who is the house led by?

answers: text: the 15 counties on the basis of the national census
question: What are the 73 members of the house are appropriated among? 

answers: text: two senators from each county for a total of 30 senators.
question: What is the senate made up of?

context: Liberia's highest judicial authority is the Supreme Court, made up of five members and headed by the Chief Justice of Liberia. Members are nominated to the court by the president and are confirmed by the Senate, serving until the age of 70. The judiciary is further divided into circuit and speciality courts, magistrate courts and justices of the peace. The judicial system is a blend of common law, based on Anglo-American law, and customary law. An informal system of traditional courts still exists within the rural areas of the country, with trial by ordeal remaining common despite being officially outlawed.
qas: answers: text: Supreme Court
question: What is Liberia's highest judicial authority? 

answers: text: five
question: How many members are in the Supreme court?

answers: text: the Chief Justice of Liberia
question: Who is the head of the supreme court?

answers: text: Members are nominated to the court by the president and are confirmed by the Senate
question: How are members chosen for the court?

answers: text: until the age of 70
question: How long do members of the supreme court serve?

context: Liberia scored a 3.3 on a scale from 10 (highly clean) to 0 (highly corrupt) on the 2010 Corruption Perceptions Index. This gave it a ranking 87th of 178 countries worldwide and 11th of 47 in Sub-Saharan Africa. This score represented a significant improvement since 2007, when the country scored 2.1 and ranked 150th of 180 countries. When seeking attention of a selection of service[clarification needed] providers, 89% of Liberians had to pay a bribe, the highest national percentage in the world according to the organization's 2010 Global Corruption Barometer.
qas: answers: text: 3.3
question: What was liberia's score on the 2010 Corruption Perceptions index?

answers: text: 87th
question: What was Liberia's ranking compared to the other 176 countries?

answers: text: a significant improvement since 2007
question: What did Liberia's score  and ranking  on the 2010 Corruption Perceptions index represent? 

answers: text: scored 2.1 and ranked 150th of 180 countries
question: What was Liberia's score and rank on the 2007 Corruption Perceptions index?

answers: text: 89%
question: In 2007, when seeking attention, selection or service . What percent of Liberians had to pay a bribe?

context: The Central Bank of Liberia is responsible for printing and maintaining the Liberian dollar, which is the primary form of currency in Liberia. Liberia is one of the world's poorest countries, with a formal employment rate of 15%. GDP per capita peaked in 1980 at US$496, when it was comparable to Egypt's (at the time). In 2011, the country's nominal GDP was US$1.154 billion, while nominal GDP per capita stood at US$297, the third-lowest in the world. Historically, the Liberian economy has depended heavily on foreign aid, foreign direct investment and exports of natural resources such as iron ore, rubber and timber.
qas: answers: text: printing and maintaining the Liberian dollar
question: What is the central bank of Liberia responsible for?

answers: text: one of the world's poorest countries
question: What is Liberia considered around the world economically? 

answers: text: 15%
question: What is Liberia's employment rate?

answers: text: US$496
question: The GDP peaked in 1980 at what amount?

answers: text: foreign aid
question: What does Liberia's economy heavily depends on?

context: Following a peak in growth in 1979, the Liberian economy began a steady decline due to economic mismanagement following the 1980 coup. This decline was accelerated by the outbreak of civil war in 1989; GDP was reduced by an estimated 90% between 1989 and 1995, one of the fastest declines in history. Upon the end of the war in 2003, GDP growth began to accelerate, reaching 9.4% in 2007. The global financial crisis slowed GDP growth to 4.6% in 2009, though a strengthening agricultural sector led by rubber and timber exports increased growth to 5.1% in 2010 and an expected 7.3% in 2011, making the economy one of the 20 fastest growing in the world.
qas: answers: text: 1979
question: When did the Liberian economy hit it's peak growth?

answers: text: 90%
question: By what percentage did Liberia's GDP reduced by during the civil war?

answers: text: economic mismanagement following the 1980 coup.
question: Why did the Liberian economy decline after 1980?

answers: text: The global financial crisis
question: Why was Liberia's GDP growth stalled in 2007?

answers: text: one of the 20 fastest growing in the world.
question: In 2011 Liberia's economy was considered what?

context: In 2003, additional UN sanctions were placed on Liberian timber exports, which had risen from US$5 million in 1997 to over US$100 million in 2002 and were believed to be funding rebels in Sierra Leone. These sanctions were lifted in 2006. Due in large part to foreign aid and investment inflow following the end of the war, Liberia maintains a large account deficit, which peaked at nearly 60% in 2008. Liberia gained observer status with the World Trade Organization in 2010 and is in the process of acquiring full member status.
qas: answers: text: Liberian timber exports
question: What were UN sanctions place placed on 2003?

answers: text: were believed to be funding rebels in Sierra Leone.
question: Why were sanctions place on Liberian timber exports?

answers: text: in 2006
question: When were the timber export sanctions lifted for Liberia?

answers: text: 2010
question: When was Liberia was granted observer status with the world trade organization>

answers: text: 60%
question: Liberia's account deficit peaked at what percentage in 2008?

context: Liberia has the highest ratio of foreign direct investment to GDP in the world, with US$16 billion in investment since 2006. Following the inauguration of the Sirleaf administration in 2006, Liberia signed several multibillion-dollar concession agreements in the iron ore and palm oil industries with numerous multinational corporations, including BHP Billiton, ArcelorMittal, and Sime Darby. Especially palm oil companies like Sime Darby (Malaysia) and Golden Veroleum (USA) are being accused by critics of the destruction of livelihoods and the displacement of local communities, enabled through government concessions. The Firestone Tire and Rubber Company has operated the world's largest rubber plantation in Liberia since 1926.
qas: answers: text: of foreign direct investment to GDP in the world
question: Liberia has the highest ratio of what?

answers: text: 16 billion
question: How much money has the US invested in Liberia since 2006?

answers: text: several multibillion-dollar concession agreements
question: What agreement did Liberia sign n 2006?

answers: text: since 1926
question: How long has Firestone tire and rubber company ran a rubber plantation in Liberia? 

context: The Kpelle comprise more than 20% of the population and are the largest ethnic group in Liberia, residing mostly in Bong County and adjacent areas in central Liberia. Americo-Liberians, who are descendants of African American and West Indian, mostly Barbadian settlers, make up 2.5%. Congo people, descendants of repatriated Congo and Afro-Caribbean slaves who arrived in 1825, make up an estimated 2.5%. These latter two groups established political control in the 19th century which they kept well into the 20th century.
qas: answers: text: The Kpelle
question: What is the largest ethnic group in liberia?

answers: text: 20%
question: What percentage of the population are the Kpelle?

answers: text: mostly in Bong County and adjacent areas in central Liberia.
question: Where do the Kpelle reside?

answers: text: 1825
question: When did the decedents of the Congo and Afro-Caribbean arrive in liberia?

answers: text: 2.5%
question: Congo descendants and Afro-Caribbean make of what percentage of liberia's population?

context: Numerous immigrants have come as merchants and become a major part of the business community, including Lebanese, Indians, and other West African nationals. There is a high percentage of interracial marriage between ethnic Liberians and the Lebanese, resulting in a significant mixed-race population especially in and around Monrovia. A small minority of Liberians of European descent reside in the country.[better source needed] The Liberian constitution restricts citizenship to people of Black African descent.
qas: answers: text: Liberians and the Lebanese
question: There is high percentage of interracial marriage between what two groups?

answers: text: a significant mixed-race population
question: The interracial couples in Liberia result in what?

answers: text: in the country
question: Where do Liberians of European decent live?

answers: text: Black African descent.
question: The Liberian constitution restricts citizenship of whom?

context: In 2010, the literacy rate of Liberia was estimated at 60.8% (64.8% for males and 56.8% for females). In some areas primary and secondary education is free and compulsory from the ages of 6 to 16, though enforcement of attendance is lax. In other areas children are required to pay a tuition fee to attend school. On average, children attain 10 years of education (11 for boys and 8 for girls). The country's education sector is hampered by inadequate schools and supplies, as well as a lack of qualified teachers.
qas: answers: text: inadequate schools and supplies, as well as a lack of qualified teachers.
question: What is Liberia's education system hampered by?

answers: text: 10 years
question: On average children attain how many years of education?

answers: text: lax.
question: How intense is the enforcement of school attendance?

answers: text: 60.8%
question: What was the literacy rate in Liberia in 2010?

context: Hospitals in Liberia include the John F. Kennedy Medical Center in Monrovia and several others. Life expectancy in Liberia is estimated to be 57.4 years in 2012. With a fertility rate of 5.9 births per woman, the maternal mortality rate stood at 990 per 100,000 births in 2010. A number of highly communicable diseases are widespread, including tuberculosis, diarrheal diseases and malaria. In 2007, the HIV infection rates stood at 2% of the population aged 15–49  whereas the incidence of tuberculosis was 420 per 100,000 people in 2008. Approximately 58.2% – 66% of women are estimated to have undergone female genital mutilation.
qas: answers: text: John F. Kennedy Medical Center
question: What is the name of the hospital in Monrova?

answers: text: 57.4 years
question: What is the life expectancy in Liberia?

answers: text: 5.9 births per woman
question: What was the fertility rate of women in 2012?

answers: text: 990 per 100,000 births
question: What was the maternal mortality rate in 2010?

answers: text: 2%
question: What were the HIV infection rates in 2007?

context: Liberia has a long, rich history in textile arts and quilting, as the settlers brought with them their sewing and quilting skills. Liberia hosted National Fairs in 1857 and 1858 in which prizes were awarded for various needle arts. One of the most well-known Liberian quilters was Martha Ann Ricks, who presented a quilt featuring the famed Liberian coffee tree to Queen Victoria in 1892. When President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf moved into the Executive Mansion, she reportedly had a Liberian-made quilt installed in her presidential office.
qas: answers: text: textile arts and quilting
question: What arts does Liberia have a rich history of?

answers: text: 1857 and 1858
question: In what years did Liberia host national fairs? 

answers: text: the most well-known Liberian quilters
question: Who is Martha Ann Ricks?

answers: text: Queen Victoria
question: Who did Martha Ann Ricks present the famed Liberian coffee tree to?

answers: text: Liberian-made quilt
question: What did President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf have installed in her presidential office?