Pope_Paul_VI

context: Pope Paul VI (Latin: Paulus VI; Italian: Paolo VI), born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini (Italian pronunciation: [dʒioˈvani baˈtista enˈriko anˈtonjo marˈija monˈtini]; 26 September 1897 – 6 August 1978), reigned as Pope from 21 June 1963 to his death in 1978. Succeeding Pope John XXIII, he continued the Second Vatican Council which he closed in 1965, implementing its numerous reforms, and fostered improved ecumenical relations with Eastern Orthodox and Protestants, which resulted in many historic meetings and agreements. Montini served in the Vatican's Secretariat of State from 1922 to 1954. While in the Secretariat of State, Montini and Domenico Tardini were considered as the closest and most influential colleagues of Pope Pius XII, who in 1954 named him Archbishop of Milan, the largest Italian diocese. Montini automatically became the Secretary of the Italian Bishops Conference. John XXIII elevated him to the College of Cardinals in 1958, and after the death of John XXIII, Montini was considered one of his most likely successors.
qas: answers: text: 26 September 1897
question: On What date was Pope Paul VI born?

answers: text: 6 August 1978)
question: On what date did Pope Paul VI die?

answers: text: 1965
question: In what year did Pope Paul VI close the Second Vatican Counsel?

answers: text: 21 June 1963
question: When was Pope Paul VI elected as Pope?

answers: text: Giovanni
question: What was Pope Paul VI's first name at birth?

context: Upon his election to the papacy, Montini took the pontifical name Paul VI (the first to take the name "Paul" since 1605) to indicate a renewed worldwide mission to spread the message of Christ, following the example of Apostle St. Paul.[citation needed] He re-convened the Second Vatican Council, which was automatically closed with the death of John XXIII, and gave it priority and direction. After the council had concluded its work, Paul VI took charge of the interpretation and implementation of its mandates, often walking a thin line between the conflicting expectations of various groups within Catholicism. The magnitude and depth of the reforms affecting all fields of Church life during his pontificate exceeded similar reform policies of his predecessors and successors. Paul VI was a Marian devotee, speaking repeatedly to Marian congresses and mariological meetings, visiting Marian shrines and issuing three Marian encyclicals. Following his famous predecessor Saint Ambrose of Milan, he named Mary as the Mother of the Church during the Second Vatican Council. Paul VI sought dialogue with the world, with other Christians, other religions, and atheists, excluding nobody. He saw himself as a humble servant for a suffering humanity and demanded significant changes of the rich in North America and Europe in favour of the poor in the Third World. His positions on birth control, promulgated most famously in the 1968 encyclical Humanae vitae, and other political issues, were often controversial, especially in Western Europe and North America.
qas: answers: text: Marian
question: What type of devotee was Pope Paul VI?

answers: text: "Paul"
question: What name had not been used for a Pope since the year 1605?

answers: text: 1605
question: In what year was the name "Paul" last used as a pontifical name before Pope Paul VI became Pope?

answers: text: the Second Vatican Council
question: What did Pope Paul VI re-convene when he became Pope?

answers: text: encyclical Humanae vitae
question: What publication promoted Pope Paul VI's views on abortion?

context: Giovanni Battista Montini was born in the village of Concesio, in the province of Brescia, Lombardy in 1897. His father Giorgio Montini was a lawyer, journalist, director of the Catholic Action and member of the Italian Parliament. His mother was Giudetta Alghisi, from a family of rural nobility. He had two brothers, Francesco Montini, who became a physician, and Lodovico Montini, who became a lawyer and politician. On 30 September 1897, he was baptized in the name of Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini. He attended Cesare Arici, a school run by the Jesuits, and in 1916, he received a diploma from Arnaldo da Brescia, a public school in Brescia. His education was often interrupted by bouts of illness.
qas: answers: text: Brescia, Lombardy
question: In what Italian province was Giovanni Battista Montini born?

answers: text: Concesio
question: In what Italian village was Giovanni Battista Montini born?

answers: text: Italian Parliament
question: What political organization was Giovanni's father a member of?

answers: text: two
question: How many brothers did Giovanni have?

answers: text: rural nobility
question: What was Giovanni's mother descended from?

context: In 1916, he entered the seminary to become a Roman Catholic priest. He was ordained priest on 29 May 1920 in Brescia and celebrated his first Holy Mass in Brescia in the Basilica of Santa Maria delle Grazie. Montini concluded his studies in Milan with a doctorate in Canon Law in the same year. Afterwards he studied at the Gregorian University, the University of Rome La Sapienza and, at the request of Giuseppe Pizzardo at the Accademia dei Nobili Ecclesiastici. At the age of twenty-five, again at the request of Giuseppe Pizzardo, Montini entered the Secretariat of State in 1922, where he worked under Pizzardo together with Francesco Borgongini-Duca, Alfredo Ottaviani, Carlo Grano, Domenico Tardini and Francis Spellman. Consequently, he spent not a day as a parish priest. In 1925 he helped found the publishing house Morcelliana in Brescia, focused on promoting a 'Christian inspired culture'.
qas: answers: text: 1916
question: In what year did Montini enter the Catholic seminary to become a priest?

answers: text: Canon Law
question: In what field did Montini obtain a doctorate in?

answers: text: Milan
question: In what city did Montini finish his doctoral studies?

answers: text: twenty-five
question: At what age did Montini enter the Secretariat of state?

answers: text: Accademia dei Nobili Ecclesiastici
question: Where did Montini continue to study at the request of Giuseppe Pizzardo?

context: The only foreign diplomatic experience Montini underwent was his time in the nunciature in Warsaw, Poland in 1923. Like Achille Ratti before him,[a] he felt confronted with the huge problem, not limited to Poland, of excessive nationalism: "This form of nationalism treats foreigners as enemies, especially foreigners with whom one has common frontiers. Then one seeks the expansion of one's own country at the expense of the immediate neighbours. People grow up with a feeling of being hemmed in. Peace becomes a transient compromise between wars." When he was recalled to Rome he was happy to go, because "this concludes this episode of my life, which has provided useful, though not always joyful, experiences."
qas: answers: text: excessive nationalism
question: What political problem did Montini feel he needed to address as a diplomat in Poland?

answers: text: treats foreigners as enemies
question: How did Montini see the nationalism of Poland as a problem?

answers: text: common frontiers
question: What humanitarian concept did Montini see nationalism as violating?

answers: text: Peace
question: What type of political stability was compromised as a result of violent nationalism?

answers: text: Rome
question: Where was Montini happy to return to after his tenure in Poland?

context: His organisational skills led him to a career in the Roman Curia, the papal civil service. In 1931, Pacelli appointed him to teach history at the Papal Academy for Diplomats In 1937, after his mentor Giuseppe Pizzardo was named a cardinal and was succeeded by Domenico Tardini, Montini was named Substitute for Ordinary Affairs under Cardinal Pacelli, the Secretary of State under Pope Pius XI. From Pius XI, whom he viewed with awe, he adopted the view, that learning is a life long process, and that history was the magister vitae teacher of life His immediate supervisor in the Vatican was Domenico Tardini, with whom he got along well. The election of Pacelli to the papacy in 1939, anticipated by everybody and openly promoted by Pope Pius XI in his last years, was a good omen for Montini, whose position was confirmed in the position under the new Cardinal Secretary of State Luigi Maglione. He met the pope every morning until 1954 and thus developed a rather close relationship:
qas: answers: text: organisational skills
question: What type of natural ability helped Montini in his career in the Roman Curia?

answers: text: 1939
question: When was Paccelli elected to the papacy?

answers: text: Pacelli
question: With whom did Montini have a relationship with that eventually groomed him for the papacy?

answers: text: Papal Academy for Diplomats
question: Where did Montini teach history?

answers: text: Giuseppe Pizzardo
question: Who was Montini's mentor that eventually became a Cardinal?

context: As war broke out, Maglione, Tardini and Montini were the main figures in the Vatican's State Department, as despatches originated from or addressed to them during the war years.[page needed] Montini was in charge of taking care of the "ordinary affairs" of the Secretariat of State, which took much of the mornings of every working day. In the afternoon he moved to the third floor into the Office of the Private Secretary of the Pontiff. Pius XII did not have a personal secretary. As did several popes before him, he delegated the secretarial functions to the State Secretariat. During the war years, thousands of letters from all parts of the world arrived at the desk of the pope, most of them asking for understanding, prayer and help. Montini was tasked to formulate the replies in the name of Pius XII, expressing his empathy, and understanding and providing help, where possible.
qas: answers: text: ordinary affairs
question: What department did Montini oversee when he worked with the Secretariat of State?

answers: text: Vatican's State Department
question: What organization did Montini, Maglione and Tardini belong to?

answers: text: Private Secretary
question: What role did Montini fill for Pius XII?

answers: text: letters
question: What did Montini take charge of responding to on behalf of Pius XII?

answers: text: war years
question: During what time was Montini responsible for the communications of the Vatican?

context: At the request of the pope, he created an information office for prisoners of war and refugees, which in the years of its existence from 1939 until 1947 received almost ten million (9 891 497) information requests and produced over eleven million (11.293.511) answers about missing persons. Montini was several times openly attacked by Benito Mussolini's government as a politician, and meddling in politics, but each time he found powerful defenses by the Vatican. In 1944, Luigi Maglione died, and Pius XII appointed Tardini and Montini together as heads of the State Department. Montini's admiration was almost filial, when he described Pope Pius XII:
qas: answers: text: 1939
question: In what year was the office for information for prisoners and refugees founded?

answers: text: ten million
question: How many inquiries did Mintini receive regarding missing persons ?

answers: text: politician
question: What was Montini accused of being by the Italian government?

answers: text: Pope Pius XII
question: With whom did Montini feel he had a brother like connection to?

answers: text: Mussolini
question: What Italian Prime Minister attacked Montini for his political stances?

context: As Secretary of State Montini coordinated the activities of assistance to the persecuted hidden in convents, parishes, seminaries, and in ecclesiastical schools. At the request of the pope, together with Pascalina Lehnert, Ferdinando Baldelli and Otto Faller, he created the Pontificia Commissione di Assistenza, which aided large number of Romans and refugees from everywhere with shelter, food and other material assistance. In Rome alone this organization distributed almost two million portions of free food in the year 1944. The Vatican and the Papal Residence Castel Gandolfo were opened to refugees. Some 15,000 persons lived in Castel Gandolfo alone, supported by the Pontificia Commissione di Assistenza. At the request of Pius XII, Montini was also involved in the re-establishment of Church Asylum, providing protection to hundreds of Allied soldiers, who had escaped from Axis prison camps, Jews, anti-Fascists, Socialists, Communists, and after the liberation of Rome, German soldiers, partisans and other displaced persons. After the war and later as pope, Montini turned the Pontificia Commissione di Assistenza, into the major charity, Caritas Italiana.[b]
qas: answers: text: Pius XII
question: Who requested Montini become involved in the Church Asylum movement?

answers: text: refugees
question: What war time group did the Vatican and Papal residence open their doors to?

answers: text: 15,000
question: How many people lived at Castel Gofolfo during the war?

answers: text: Pontificia Commissione di Assistenza
question: What organization did Montini form with other fellow officials to help refugees?

answers: text: Church Asylum
question: What did Montini strive to reestablish to help persecuted Jews and allied soldiers?

context: Pius XII delivered an address about Montini's appointment from his sick-bed over radio to those assembled in St. Peter's Basilica on 12 December 1954. Both Montini and the pope had tears in their eyes when Montini parted for his dioceses with 1,000 churches, 2,500 priests and 3,500,000 souls. On 5 January 1955, Montini formally took possession of his Cathedral of Milan. Montini, after a period of preparation, liked his new tasks as archbishop, connecting to all groups of faithful in Milan. He enjoyed meetings with intellectuals, artists and writers.
qas: answers: text: 1954
question: In what year did Pius XII deliver a radio address announcing Montini's papal appointment?

answers: text: 5 January
question: On what date did Montini become the archbishop of Milan?

answers: text: 1955
question: In what year did Montini become the archbishop of the Cathedral of Milan?

answers: text: his sick-bed
question: Where was Pius XII when he announced Montini's appointment as archbishop?

answers: text: Milan
question: To what Italian city was Montini appointed archbishop?

context: Montini and Angelo Roncalli were considered to be friends, but when Roncalli, as Pope John XXIII announced a new Ecumenical Council, Cardinal Montini reacted with disbelief and said to Giulio Bevilacqua: "This old boy does not know what a hornets nest he is stirring up." He was appointed to the Central Preparatory Commission in 1961. During the Council, his friend Pope John XXIII asked him to live in the Vatican. He was a member of the Commission for Extraordinary Affairs but did not engage himself much into the floor debates on various issues. His main advisor was Monsignore Giovanni Colombo, whom he later appointed to be his successor in Milan The Commission was greatly overshadowed by the insistence of John XXIII to have the Council complete all its work in one single session before Christmas 1962, to the 400th anniversary of the Council of Trent, an insistence which may have also been influenced by the Pope's recent knowledge that he had cancer.
qas: answers: text: Ecumenical Council
question: What group did Montini oppose reforming?

answers: text: 1961
question: In what year was Montini appointed to the Central Preparatory Commission? 

answers: text: Vatican
question: Where did the Pope ask Cardinal Montini to live?

answers: text: debates
question: What did Montini avoid as a member of the Commission for Extraordinary Affairs?

answers: text: cancer
question: What illness had the Pope contracted?

context: During his period in Milan, Montini was known as a progressive member of the Catholic hierarchy. Montini went new ways in pastoral care, which he reformed. He used his authority to ensure that the liturgical reforms of Pius XII were carried out at the local level and employed innovative methods to reach the people of Milan: Huge posters announced that 1,000 voices would speak to them from 10 to 24 November 1957. More than 500 priests and many bishops, cardinals and lay persons delivered 7,000 sermons in the period not only in churches but in factories, meeting halls, houses, courtyards, schools, offices, military barracks, hospitals, hotels and other places, where people meet. His goal was the re-introduction of faith to a city without much religion. "If only we can say Our Father and know what this means, then we would understand the Christian faith."
qas: answers: text: progressive
question: What type of political viewpoint was Montini known for as a member of the Catholic leadership?

answers: text: pastoral care
question: What part of Catholic ministry did Montini seek to reform?

answers: text: posters
question: What type of media did Montini use to advertise the church's sermons to the people of Milan?

answers: text: 1,000
question: How many "voices" did Montini's posters claim the people of Milan would hear?

answers: text: 7,000
question: From the 10 of NOvember to the 24 of November how many sermons were actually delivered to the Italian people?

context: Pius XII asked Archbishop Montini to Rome October 1957, where he gave the main presentation to the Second World Congress of Lay Apostolate. Previously as Pro-Secretary, he had worked hard to unify a worldwide organization of lay people of 58 nations, representing 42 national organizations. He presented them to Pius XII in Rome in 1951. The second meeting in 1957 gave Montini an opportunity to express the lay apostolate in modern terms: "Apostolate means love. We will love all, but especially those, who need help... We will love our time, our technology, our art, our sports, our world."
qas: answers: text: Second World Congress of Lay Apostolate
question: To whom did Montini speak as an archbishop in the year 1957?

answers: text: love
question: According to Montini was does the term apostolate mean?

answers: text: 58
question: How many nations did Montini hope to unify as Pro-secretary?

answers: text: 1951
question: When was Montini's first meeting addressing the unification of Catholic lay followers?

context: Although some cardinals seem to have viewed him as papabile, a likely candidate to become pope, and may have received some votes in the 1958 conclave, Montini was not yet a cardinal, which made him an unlikely choice.[c] Angelo Roncalli was elected pope on 28 October 1958 and assumed the name John XXIII. On 17 November 1958, L'Osservatore Romano announced a consistory for the creation of new cardinals. Montini's name led the list. When the pope raised Montini to the cardinalate on 15 December 1958, he became Cardinal-Priest of Ss. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti. He appointed him simultaneously to several Vatican congregations which resulted in many visits by Montini to Rome in the coming years.
qas: answers: text: pope
question: What role was Montini not considered a likely candidate for?

answers: text: a cardinal,
question: What had Montini yet to become?

answers: text: Angelo Roncalli
question: Who was elected pope in 1958?

answers: text: 15 December 1958
question: When did Montini finally become a cardinal?

answers: text: Ss. Silvestro e Martino
question: What doicese did Montini become cardinal of?

context: As a Cardinal, Montini journeyed to Africa (1962), where he visited Ghana, Sudan, Kenya, Congo, Rhodesia, South Africa, and Nigeria. After his journey, John XXIII gave him a private audience on his trip which lasted for several hours. In fifteen other trips he visited Brazil (1960) and the USA (1960), including New York City, Washington, DC, Chicago, the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, Boston, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. While a cardinal, he usually vacationed in Engelberg Abbey, a secluded Benedictine monastery in Switzerland.
qas: answers: text: Africa
question: What country did Montini visit as Cardinal?

answers: text: 1962
question: In what year did Montini travel to visit Africa as a cardinal?

answers: text: fifteen
question: How many foreign trips did Montini make as Cardinal?

answers: text: 1960
question: In what year did Montini visit the United States?

answers: text: Engelberg Abbey
question: Where did Montini like to use as a retreat as a cardinal?

context: Unlike the papabile cardinals Giacomo Lercaro of Bologna and Giuseppe Siri of Genoa, he was not identified with either the left or right, nor was he seen as a radical reformer. He was viewed as most likely to continue the Second Vatican Council, which already, without any tangible results, had lasted longer than anticipated by John XXIII, who had a vision but "did not have a clear agenda. His rhetoric seems to have had a note of over-optimism, a confidence in progress, which was characteristic of the 1960s." When John XXIII died of stomach cancer on 3 June 1963, it triggered a conclave to elect a new pope.
qas: answers: text: reformer
question: What role was Montini not perceived to fill unlike some of his fellow cardinals?

answers: text: 1963
question: In what year did Pope John XXIII die?

answers: text: pope
question: What role did Pope John XXIII's death precipitate the election of?

answers: text: stomach cancer
question: What illness caused the death of Pope John XXIII

answers: text: Second Vatican Council
question: What organization did the church expect Montini to continue?

context: Paul VI did away with much of the regal splendor of the papacy. He was the last pope to date to be crowned; his successor Pope John Paul I replaced the Papal Coronation (which Paul had already substantially modified, but which he left mandatory in his 1975 apostolic constitution Romano Pontifici Eligendo) with a Papal Inauguration. Paul VI donated his own Papal Tiara, a gift from his former Archdiocese of Milan, to the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, DC (where it is on permanent display in the Crypt) as a gift to American Catholics.
qas: answers: text: Papal Tiara
question: What did Paul VI donate to the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception ?

answers: text: Archdiocese of Milan
question: What group gave Paul VI his Papal tiara?

answers: text: Washington, DC
question: Where is the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception located?

answers: text: Paul VI
question: Who was the last pope to be crowned?

answers: text: Papal Coronation
question: What ceremony had Paul VI left in place in in the 1975 apostolic constitution?

context: During Vatican II, the Council Fathers avoided statements which might anger Christians of other faiths.[page needed] Cardinal Augustin Bea, the President of the Christian Unity Secretariat, always had the full support of Paul VI in his attempts to ensure that the Council language was friendly and open to the sensitivities of Protestant and Orthodox Churches, whom he had invited to all sessions at the request of Pope John XXIII. Bea also was strongly involved in the passage of Nostra aetate, which regulates the Church's relations with the Jewish faith and members of other religions.[d]
qas: answers: text: Cardinal Augustin Bea
question: Who was President of the Christian Unity Secretariat?

answers: text: Council language
question: What did Paul VI believe in keeping friendly to people of other Christian faiths?

answers: text: Pope John XXIII
question: Who insisted that Protestant and Orthodox Christians be invited to all Counsel meetings?

answers: text: Cardinal Augustin Bea
question: Which cardinal became heavily engaged in the passage of Nostra aetate?

answers: text: Vatican II
question: Which Vatican strove to avoid offending other Christian faiths with counsel session language?

context: After his election as Bishop of Rome, Paul VI first met with the priests in his new dioceses. He told them that in Milan he started a dialogue with the modern world and asked them to seek contact with all people from all walks of life. Six days after his election he announced that he would continue Vatican II and convened the opening to take place on 29 September 1963. In a radio address to the world, Paul VI recalled the uniqueness of his predecessors, the strength of Pius XI, the wisdom and intelligence of Pius XII and the love of John XXIII. As "his pontifical goals" he mentioned the continuation and completion of Vatican II, the reform of the Canon Law and improved social peace and justice in the world. The Unity of Christianity would be central to his activities.
qas: answers: text: a dialogue
question: What did Paul VI want to keep open with the modern world and people from all walks of life?

answers: text: Six
question: How many days after Paul VI election did he announce he would continue the Vatican II?

answers: text: 29 September
question: On what date was Vatican II re convened?

answers: text: Vatican II
question: Six days after he was elected, what did Paul VI announce he would continue? 

answers: text: Canon Law
question: What did Paul want to reform as a newly elected pope?

context: He reminded the council fathers that only a few years earlier Pope Pius XII had issued the encyclical Mystici corporis about the mystical body of Christ. He asked them not to repeat or create new dogmatic definitions but to explain in simple words how the Church sees itself. He thanked the representatives of other Christian communities for their attendance and asked for their forgiveness if the Catholic Church is guilty for the separation. He also reminded the Council Fathers that many bishops from the east could not attend because the governments in the East did not permit their journeys.
qas: answers: text: Mystici corporis
question: What edict did Pope Pius XXIII issue regarding the body of Christ?

answers: text: mystical
question: How is the body of Christ regarded by Catholic liturgy?

answers: text: simple
question: What type of language did Paul VI want to the church to relay dogma in?

answers: text: the east
question: From what area were bishops prevented from attending the ecumenical meeting of Paul VI?

answers: text: separation
question: What did Paul VI ask other Christian faiths forgiveness for?

context: Paul VI opened the third period on 14 September 1964, telling the Council Fathers that he viewed the text about the Church as the most important document to come out from the Council. As the Council discussed the role of bishops in the papacy, Paul VI issued an explanatory note confirming the primacy of the papacy, a step which was viewed by some as meddling in the affairs of the Council American bishops pushed for a speedy resolution on religious freedom, but Paul VI insisted this to be approved together with related texts such as ecumenism. The Pope concluded the session on 21 November 1964, with the formal pronouncement of Mary as Mother of the Church.
qas: answers: text: Church
question: What topic did Paul VI see as the most important to the church counsel?

answers: text: religious freedom
question: What did the American Counsel of Bishops rally for?

answers: text: Mary
question: What Saint did Paul VI denote as mother of the Catholic church?

answers: text: papacy
question: Who did Paul VI feel was most important in the Catholic Hierarchy?

answers: text: 1964
question: In what year did Paul VI formally appoint Mary as mother of the Catholic church?

context: Between the third and fourth sessions the pope announced reforms in the areas of Roman Curia, revision of Canon Law, regulations for mixed marriages involving several faiths, and birth control issues. He opened the final session of the council, concelebrating with bishops from countries where the Church was persecuted. Several texts proposed for his approval had to be changed. But all texts were finally agreed upon. The Council was concluded on 8 December 1965, the Feast of the Immaculate Conception.
qas: answers: text: reforms
question: What did Paul VI enact between the third and fourth ecumenical sessions?

answers: text: faiths
question: What does the Catholic church considered "mixed" in a "mixed marriage"?

answers: text: the Feast of the Immaculate Conception.
question: What is celebrated in the Catholic calendar the 8 of December? 

answers: text: 1965
question: In what year was Paul Vi's final counsel session?

answers: text: bishops
question: With whom did Paul VI celebrate surviving persecution in other countries?

context: Pope Paul VI knew the Roman Curia well, having worked there for a generation from 1922 to 1954. He implemented his reforms in stages, rather than in one fell swoop. On 1 March 1968, he issued a regulation, a process that had been initiated by Pius XII and continued by John XXIII. On 28 March, with Pontificalis Domus, and in several additional Apostolic Constitutions in the following years, he revamped the entire Curia, which included reduction of bureaucracy, streamlining of existing congregations and a broader representation of non-Italians in the curial positions.
qas: answers: text: Roman Curia
question: For whom did Paul VI work for from 1922 to 1954?

answers: text: 1968
question: In what year did Paul VI issue a regulation?

answers: text: Pontificalis Domus
question: With whom did Paul VI issue a regulation in 1968?

answers: text: bureaucracy
question: What did Paul Vi's reforms reduce in the Curia?

answers: text: non-Italians
question: Whose representation was enlarged through reforms in the Curia?

context: Paul VI revolutionized papal elections by ordering that only cardinals below the age of eighty might participate in future conclaves. In Ecclesiae Sanctae, his motu proprio of 6 August 1966, he further invited all bishops to offer their retirement to the pontiff no later than the completion of their 75th year of age. This requirement was extended to all Cardinals of the Catholic Church on 21 November 1970. With these two stipulations, the Pope filled several positions with younger bishops and cardinals, and further internationalized the Roman Curia in light of several resignations due to age.
qas: answers: text: eighty
question: At what age were cardinals restricted by Paul Vi from participating in conclaves?

answers: text: 75
question: At what age were bishops required to retire by Paul VI?

answers: text: 75
question: At what age were cardinals subsequently required to retire in an edict issued in 1970?

answers: text: papal elections
question: What did Paul VI over hall with age and retirement restrictions?

answers: text: 1966
question: When was Paul Vi's Ecclesiae Sanctae issued?

context: Reform of the liturgy had been a part of the liturgical movements in the 20th century mainly in France, and Germany which were officially recognized by Pius XII in his encyclical Mediator Dei. During the pontificate of Pius XII, the Vatican eased regulations on the use of Latin in Roman Catholic liturgies, permitting some use of vernacular languages during baptisms, funerals and other events. In 1951 and 1955, the Easter liturgies underwent revision, most notably including the reintroduction of the Easter Triduum. The Second Vatican Council made no changes to the Roman Missal, but in the document Sacrosanctum Concilium mandated that a general revision of it take place. After the Vatican Council, in April 1969, Paul VI approved the "new Order of Mass" promulgated in 1970, as stated in the Acta Apostolica Sedis to "end experimentation" with the Mass and which included the introduction of three new Eucharistic Prayers to what was up to then a single Roman Canon.
qas: answers: text: Latin
question: What language was traditionally used in Roman Catholic services?

answers: text: Easter liturgies
question: What were revised between 1951 and 1955?

answers: text: Easter Triduum
question: What was re instated to the Easter liturgy by reform?

answers: text: Mass
question: What type of service did Paul Vi announce reformed in 1969?

answers: text: three
question: How many new prayers were included in the official mass reforms of 1969?

context: The Mass of Paul VI was also in Latin but approval was given for the use of vernacular languages. There had been other instructions issued by the Pope in 1964, 1967, 1968, 1969 and 1970 which centered on the reform of all liturgies of the Roman Church. These major reforms were not welcomed by all and in all countries. The sudden apparent "outlawing" of the 400-year-old Mass, the last typical edition of which being promulgated only a few years earlier in 1962 by Paul's predecessor, Pope John XXIII, was not always explained well. Further experimentation with the new Mass by liturgists, such as the usage of pop/folk music (as opposed to the Gregorian Chant advocated by Pope Pius X), along with concurrent changes in the order of sanctuaries, was viewed by some as vandalism. In 2007, Pope Benedict XVI clarified that the 1962 Mass of John XXIII and the 1970 Mass of Paul VI are two forms of the same Roman Rite, the first, which had never been "juridically abrogated", now being an "extraordinary form of the Roman Rite", while the other "obviously is and continues to be the normal Form – the Forma ordinaria – of the Eucharistic Liturgy".
qas: answers: text: vernacular
question: What type of language did Paul Vi's reforms approve for use in the Catholic mass?

answers: text: 400-year
question: How old was the mass reformed by Paul VI?

answers: text: Gregorian Chant
question: What type of music was used in traditional mass?

answers: text: Pope Benedict XVI
question: Who unified two previous popes views of the Roman Catholic Mass?

answers: text: 2007
question: In what year were the various versions of the Catholic mass finally synthesized? 

context: In 1964, Paul VI created a Secretariat for non-Christians, later renamed the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue and a year later a new Secretariat (later Pontifical Council) for Dialogue with Non-Believers. This latter was in 1993 incorporated by Pope John Paul II in the Pontifical Council for Culture, which he had established in 1982. In 1971, Paul VI created a papal office for economic development and catastrophic assistance. To foster common bonds with all persons of good will, he decreed an annual peace day to be celebrated on January first of every year. Trying to improve the condition of Christians behind the Iron Curtain, Paul VI engaged in dialogue with Communist authorities at several levels, receiving Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Nikolai Podgorny in 1966 and 1967 in the Vatican. The situation of the Church in Hungary, Poland and Romania, improved during his pontificate.
qas: answers: text: Pope John Paul II
question: Who established the Pontifical Council for Culture?

answers: text: Secretariat for non-Christians
question: What organization did Paul VI create to address non believers by the church?

answers: text: Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue
question: What was the Secretariat for non-believers eventually renamed?

answers: text: Andrei Gromyko
question: What Prime Minister did Paul VI attempt to interact with in order to help Catholics in Communist countries?

answers: text: peace day
question: What is celebrated by the Catholic church on January 1 of every year?

context: In 1976 Montini became the first pontiff in modern history to deny the accusation of homosexuality. Published by his order in January 1976 was a homily Persona Humana: Declaration on Certain Questions concerning Sexual Ethics, which outlawed pre or extra-marital sex, condemned homosexuality, and forbade masturbation. It provoked French author and former diplomat Roger Peyrefitte, in an interview published by the magazine Tempo, to accuse Montini of hypocrisy, and of having a longtime lover who was a movie actor. According to rumors prevalent both inside the Curia and in Italian society, this was Paolo Carlini, who had a bit part as a hairdresser in the Audrey Hepburn film Roman Holiday. Peyrefitte had previously published the accusation in two books, but the interview (previously published in a French gay magazine) brought the rumors to a wider public and caused an uproar. In a brief address to a crowd of approximately 20,000 in St. Peters Square on April 18, Montini called the charges "horrible and slanderous insinuations" and appealed for prayers on his behalf. Special prayers for Montini were said in all Italian Roman Catholic churches in "a day of consolation". In 1984 a New York Times correspondent repeated the allegations.
qas: answers: text: 1976
question: In what year was pre and extra marital sex outlawed by the Catholic church?

answers: text: Montini
question: Who was accused of being a homosexual in 1976?

answers: text: Roger Peyrefitte
question: Who brought allegations of Montini's homosexuality?

answers: text: April 18
question: On what date did Montini publicly address charges of homosexuality?

answers: text: Paolo Carlini
question: Who was Montini's alleged lover?

context: Pope Paul VI became the first pope to visit six continents, and was the most travelled pope in history to that time, earning the nickname "the Pilgrim Pope". With his travels he opened new avenues for the papacy, which were continued by his successors John Paul II and Benedict XVI. He travelled to the Holy Land in 1964, to the Eucharistic Congresses in Bombay, India and Bogotá, Colombia. In 1966, however, he was twice denied permission to visit Poland for the 1,000th anniversary of the baptism of Poland. In 1967, however, fifty years after the first apparition, he visited Fátima in Portugal. He undertook a pastoral visit to Africa in 1969. On 27 November 1970 he was the target of an assassination attempt at Manila International Airport in the Philippines. He was only lightly stabbed by the would-be assassin Benjamín Mendoza y Amor Flores, who was subdued by the pope's personal bodyguard and trip organizer, Msgr. Paul Marcinkus.
qas: answers: text: six
question: How many continents did Paul Vi visit as pope?

answers: text: the Pilgrim Pope
question: What was Paul Vi's nickname during his papacy?

answers: text: 1964
question: In what year did Paul VI journey to the Holy Land?

answers: text: Manila
question: In what country was an assignation attempt made on the life of Paul VI?

answers: text: Msgr. Paul Marcinkus
question: Who organized Paul Vi's visit to Manila?

context: Pope Paul VI became the first reigning pontiff ever to visit the Americas when he flew to New York in October 1965 to address the United Nations. As a gesture of goodwill, the pope gave to the UN two pieces of papal jewelry, a diamond cross and ring, with the hopes that the proceeds from their sale at auction would contribute to the UN's efforts to end human suffering. During the pope's visit, as the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War escalated under President Johnson, Paul VI pleaded for peace before the UN:
qas: answers: text: United Nations
question: What group did Paul VI address in New York in 1965?

answers: text: Pope Paul VI
question: Who was the first pope to visit the United States?

answers: text: United Nations
question: To whom did Paul VI give a diamond cross and ring in hopes it would raise funds to help people globally?

answers: text: peace
question: What did Paul VI ask the UN to promote during the Vietnam war?

answers: text: President Johnson
question: What US president was in office when Paul VI visited America for the first time?

context: Like his predecessor Pius XII, Paul VI put much emphasis on the dialogue with all nations of the world through establishing diplomatic relations. The number of foreign embassies accredited to the Vatican doubled during his pontificate. This was a reflection of a new understanding between Church and State, which had been formulated first by Pius XI and Pius XII but decreed by Vatican II. The pastoral constitution Gaudium et spes stated that the Catholic Church is not bound to any form of government and willing to cooperate with all forms. The Church maintained its right to select bishops on its own without any interference by the State.
qas: answers: text: foreign embassies
question: What number doubled during Paul Vi's papacy?

answers: text: nations
question: Who did Paul Vi want to maintain a continuing dialogue with?

answers: text: Gaudium et spes
question: What document states that the Catholic church is not subject to any particlar government?

answers: text: bishops
question: Who did the church retain the right to elect without interference from the state in its constitutional document?

answers: text: Vatican II
question: What organization officially outlined the church's relationship to state?

context: Ecclesiam suam was given at St. Peter's, Rome, on the Feast of the Transfiguration, 6 August 1964, the second year of his Pontificate. It is considered an important document, identifying the Catholic Church with the Body of Christ. A later Council document Lumen Gentium stated that the Church subsists in the Body of Christ, raising questions as to the difference between "is" and "subsists in". Paul VI appealed to "all people of good will" and discussed necessary dialogues within the Church and between the Churches and with atheism.
qas: answers: text: Ecclesiam suam
question: What catholic document compares the Catholic church to the body of Christ?

answers: text: Lumen Gentium
question: What document declares that the Roman Catholic church lives within the body of Christ?

answers: text: Feast of the Transfiguration
question: What was being celebrated in the Catholic calendar when the Eccelsiam suam was given in 1964?

answers: text: 6 August
question: On what date is the Feat of Transfiguration celebrated?

answers: text: Rome
question: In what city  is the cathedral of St Peter's  located?

context: Sacerdotalis caelibatus (Latin for "Of the celibate priesthood"), promulgated on 24 June 1967, defends the Catholic Church's tradition of priestly celibacy in the West. This encyclical was written in the wake of Vatican II, when the Catholic Church was questioning and revising many long-held practices. Priestly celibacy is considered a discipline rather than dogma, and some had expected that it might be relaxed. In response to these questions, the Pope reaffirms the discipline as a long-held practice with special importance in the Catholic Church. The encyclical Sacerdotalis caelibatus from 24 June 1967, confirms the traditional Church teaching, that celibacy is an ideal state and continues to be mandatory for Roman Catholic priests. Celibacy symbolizes the reality of the kingdom of God amid modern society. The priestly celibacy is closely linked to the sacramental priesthood. However, during his pontificate Paul VI was considered generous in permitting bishops to grant laicization of priests who wanted to leave the sacerdotal state, a position which was drastically reversed by John Paul II in 1980 and cemented in the 1983 Canon Law that only the pope can in exceptional circumstances grant laicization.
qas: answers: text: Celibacy
question: What is considered an ideal state for priests in the Catholic church?

answers: text: Celibacy
question: What is seen as symbolizing the reality of living in the modern world as Roman Catholic priest?

answers: text: Sacerdotalis caelibatus
question: What document  of 1967 promotes the church's stance of celibacy in the priesthood?

answers: text: Canon
question: What type of law locked down the Catholic church's stance on celibacy in the priesthood?

answers: text: 1983
question: In what year was Canon Law issued affirming celibacy in the priesthood?

context: Of his eight encyclicals, Pope Paul VI is best known for his encyclical Humanae vitae (Of Human Life, subtitled On the Regulation of Birth), published on 25 July 1968. In this encyclical he reaffirmed the Catholic Church's traditional view of marriage and marital relations and a continued condemnation of artificial birth control. There were two Papal committees and numerous independent experts looking into the latest advancement of science and medicine on the question of artificial birth control. which were noted by the Pope in his encyclical The expressed views of Paul VI reflected the teachings of his predecessors, especially Pius XI, Pius XII and John XXIII and never changed, as he repeatedly stated them in the first few years of his Pontificate
qas: answers: text: Humanae vitae
question: Which one of Paul Vi's encyclicals best known in Catholic history?

answers: text: artificial birth control
question: What did Paul VI's Humanae Vitae condemn?

answers: text: artificial
question: What type of birth control is condemned by the Catholic church?

answers: text: eight
question: How many encyclicals did Paul VI publish?

answers: text: Of Human Life
question: What does Humanae Vitae mean?

context: To the pope as to all his predecessors, marital relations are much more than a union of two people. They constitute a union of the loving couple with a loving God, in which the two persons create a new person materially, while God completes the creation by adding the soul. For this reason, Paul VI teaches in the first sentence of Humanae vitae that the transmission of human life is a most serious role in which married people collaborate freely and responsibly with God the Creator. This divine partnership, according to Paul VI, does not allow for arbitrary human decisions, which may limit divine providence. The Pope does not paint an overly romantic picture of marriage: marital relations are a source of great joy, but also of difficulties and hardships. The question of human procreation exceeds in the view of Paul VI specific disciplines such as biology, psychology, demography or sociology. The reason for this, according to Paul VI, is that married love takes its origin from God, who "is love". From this basic dignity, he defines his position:
qas: answers: text: God
question: According to Paul VI  to whom are a  man and woman in union with besides each other?

answers: text: soul
question: What does God contribute to a married couple's child?

answers: text: God
question: Who is considered to be love?

answers: text: God
question: From whom is married love generated?

answers: text: marital
question: What type of relations did Paul VI's Humanae VItae discuss?

context: The reaction to the encyclical's continued prohibitions of artificial birth control was very mixed. In Italy, Spain, Portugal and Poland, the encyclical was welcomed. In Latin America, much support developed for the Pope and his encyclical. As World Bank President Robert McNamara declared at the 1968 Annual Meeting of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group that countries permitting birth control practices would get preferential access to resources, doctors in La Paz, Bolivia called it insulting that money should be exchanged for the conscience of a Catholic nation. In Colombia, Cardinal archbishop Aníbal Muñoz Duque declared, if American conditionality undermines Papal teachings, we prefer not to receive one cent. The Senate of Bolivia passed a resolution stating that Humanae vitae could be discussed in its implications for individual consciences, but was of greatest significance because the papal document defended the rights of developing nations to determine their own population policies. The Jesuit Journal Sic dedicated one edition to the encyclical with supportive contributions.
qas: answers: text: Robert McNamara
question: Who was president of the World Bank in 1968?

answers: text: birth control
question: What were developing countries encouraged to allow access to by the World Bank?

answers: text: Bolivia
question: In what country did doctors call the World Bank's offer of resources in exchange for liberal birth control policies "insulting"?

answers: text: Cardinal archbishop Aníbal Muñoz Duque
question: Who said Columbia did not want American aid if it required changing the Catholic church's stance on birth control?

answers: text: Colombia
question: What country did Cardinal archbishop Anlbal Munoz Duque represent?

context: Paul VI was concerned but not surprised by the negative reaction in Western Europe and the United States. He fully anticipated this reaction to be a temporary one: "Don't be afraid", he reportedly told Edouard Gagnon on the eve of the encyclical, "in twenty years time they'll call me a prophet." His biography on the Vatican's website notes of his reaffirmations of priestly celibacy and the traditional teaching on contraception that "[t]he controversies over these two pronouncements tended to overshadow the last years of his pontificate". Pope John Paul II later reaffirmed and expanded upon Humanae vitae with the encyclical Evangelium vitae.
qas: answers: text: Edouard Gagnon
question: To whom did Paul VI tell "not to be afraid" when the church released its statement on birth control?

answers: text: prophet
question: What did Paul VI declare he would be seen as in 25 years?

answers: text: Pope John Paul II
question: To which pope can the Evangelium Vitae be attributed to?

answers: text: Pope John Paul II
question: Which pope affirmed Paul VI Humanae Vitae?

answers: text: the encyclical
question: To what did Western Europe and the United States demonstrate a negative response?

context: After the Council, Paul VI contributed in two ways to the continued growth of ecumenical dialogue. The separated brothers and sisters, as he called them, were not able to contribute to the Council as invited observers. After the Council, many of them took initiative to seek out their Catholic counterparts and the Pope in Rome, who welcomed such visits. But the Catholic Church itself recognized from the many previous ecumenical encounters, that much needed to be done within, to be an open partner for ecumenism. To those who are entrusted the highest and deepest truth and therefore, so Paul VI, believed that he had the most difficult part to communicate. Ecumenical dialogue, in the view of Paul VI, requires from a Catholic the whole person: one's entire reason, will, and heart. Paul VI, like Pius XII before him, was reluctant to give in on a lowest possible point. And yet, Paul felt compelled to admit his ardent Gospel-based desire to be everything to everybody and to help all people Being the successor of Peter, he felt the words of Christ, "Do you love me more" like a sharp knife penetrating to the marrow of his soul. These words meant to Paul VI love without limits, and they underscore the Church's fundamental approach to ecumenism.
qas: answers: text: Rome
question: In what city did the pope encourage visits from Catholics from other countries?

answers: text: two
question: In how many ways did Paul VI contribute to an ecumenical dialogue between Catholics?

answers: text: whole person
question: In Paul VI's view what does the Catholic ecumenical dialogue require from someone?

answers: text: whole
question: How much of the person is needed to fully engage in a ecumenical dialogue according to Paul VI?

answers: text: Christ
question: To what historical figure can the words "Do you love me more" be attributed?

context: This was a significant step towards restoring communion between Rome and Constantinople. It produced the Catholic-Orthodox Joint declaration of 1965, which was read out on 7 December 1965, simultaneously at a public meeting of the Second Vatican Council in Rome and at a special ceremony in Istanbul. The declaration did not end the schism, but showed a desire for greater reconciliation between the two churches. In May 1973, the Coptic Patriarch Shenouda III of Alexandria visited the Vatican, where he met three times with Pope Paul VI. A common declaration and a joint Creed issued after the visit demonstrated that there are virtually no more[additional citation needed] theological discrepancies between the Coptic and Roman Catholic Churches.
qas: answers: text: Catholic-Orthodox Joint declaration of 1965
question: What statement addressed the relationship of Italy to Greece in the Catholic church?

answers: text: 1965
question: In what year was the Catholic-Orthodox joint declaration read?

answers: text: Rome
question: In what city was the Catholic-Orthodox joint declaration read?

answers: text: Coptic Patriarch Shenouda III
question: Who visited the Vatican in May of 1973 in an effort to negotiate Orthodox and Catholic relations?

answers: text: three
question: How many times did Coptic Patriarch Shenouda III meet with Paul VI in 1973?

context: Paul VI was the first pope to receive an Anglican Archbishop of Canterbury, Michael Ramsey in official audience as Head of Church, after the private audience visit of Archbishop Geoffrey Fisher to Pope John XXIII on 2 December 1960. Ramsey met Paul three times during his visit and opened the Anglican Centre in Rome to increase their mutual knowledge. He praised Paul VI[e] and his contributions in the service of unity. Paul replied that "by entering into our house, you are entering your own house, we are happy to open our door and heart to you." The two Church leaders signed a common declaration, which put an end to the disputes of the past and outlined a common agenda for the future.
qas: answers: text: Paul VI
question: Who was the first pope to meet with an Anglican Archbishop as an official Head of Church since 1960?

answers: text: Michael Ramsey
question: Who was Archbishop of Canterbury during Paul VI papacy?

answers: text: three
question: How many times did Archbishop Ramsey meet with Paul VI?

answers: text: Anglican Centre
question: What center did Archbishop Ramsey open in Rome to improve Anglican and Catholic relations?

answers: text: Rome
question: In what Italian center was the Anglican center opened in by Archbishop Ramsey?

context: Cardinal Augustin Bea, the head of the Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity, added at the end of the visit, "Let us move forward in Christ. God wants it. Humanity is waiting for it." Unmoved by a harsh condemnation by the Congregation of Faith on mixed marriages precisely at this time of the visit, Paul VI and Ramsey appointed a preparatory commission which was to put the common agenda into practice on such issues as mixed marriages. This resulted in a joint Malta declaration, the first joint agreement on the Creed since the Reformation. Paul VI was a good friend of the Anglican Church, which he described as "our beloved sister Church". This description was unique to Paul and not used by later popes.
qas: answers: text: Christian Unity
question: What did the Cardinal Augustin Bea's Secretariat promote?

answers: text: Congregation of Faith
question: What group condemned mixed faith marriages?

answers: text: Anglican
question: To what type of non Catholic denomination was Paul VI considered to be a great ally of?

answers: text: Anglican Church
question: Which church did Paul VI call "our beloved sister church"?

answers: text: Paul VI
question: Who described the Anglican church as "our beloved sister Church"?

context: In 1965, Paul VI decided on the creation of a joint working group with the World Council of Churches to map all possible avenues of dialogue and cooperation. In the following three years, eight sessions were held which resulted in many joint proposals. It was proposed to work closely together in areas of social justice and development and Third World Issues such as hunger and poverty. On the religious side, it was agreed to share together in the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity, to be held every year. The joint working group was to prepare texts which were to be used by all Christians. On 19 July 1968, the meeting of the World Council of Churches took place in Uppsala, Sweden, which Pope Paul called a sign of the times. He sent his blessing in an ecumenical manner: "May the Lord bless everything you do for the case of Christian Unity." The World Council of Churches decided on including Catholic theologians in its committees, provided they have the backing of the Vatican.
qas: answers: text: 1965
question: In what year was a group created to work with the World Council of Churches to increase dialogue between Catholic Christians and other Christian denominations?

answers: text: 1968
question: In what year did the World Council of Churches meet in Uppsala, Sweden?

answers: text: Catholic
question: What type of theologians did the World Council of Churches decide to include in their committees?

answers: text: Sweden
question: In what country did the World Council of Churches meet in 1968?

answers: text: Vatican
question: Whose backing did the World Council of Churches require Catholic theologians serving on joint committees to have?

context: The Lutherans were the first Protestant Church offering a dialogue to the Catholic Church in September 1964 in Reykjavík, Iceland. It resulted in joint study groups of several issues. The dialogue with the Methodist Church began October 1965, after its representatives officially applauded remarkable changes, friendship and cooperation of the past five years. The Reformed Churches entered four years later into a dialogue with the Catholic Church. The President of the Lutheran World Federation and member of the central committee of the World Council of Churches Fredrik A. Schiotz stated during the 450th anniversary of the Reformation, that earlier commemorations were viewed almost as a triumph. Reformation should be celebrated as a thanksgiving to God, his truth and his renewed life. He welcomed the announcement of Pope Paul VI to celebrate the 1900th anniversary of the death of the Apostle Peter and Apostle Paul, and promised the participation and cooperation in the festivities.
qas: answers: text: Lutherans
question: Which protestants were the first to reach out to the Catholic church in 1964 in Iceland?

answers: text: 1965
question: In what year did The Catholic church begin diplomatic relations with the Methodist church?

answers: text: 1964
question: In what year did the Catholic church begin diplomatic relations with the Lutheran church?

answers: text: Fredrik A. Schiotz
question: Who was president of the World Council of Churches during the 450th anniversary of the Reformation?

answers: text: God
question: To whom did Schiotz state one should be grateful for the Reformation?

context: Paul VI supported the new-found harmony and cooperation with Protestants on so many levels. When Cardinal Augustin Bea went to see him for permission for a joint Catholic-Protestant translation of the Bible with Protestant Bible societies, the pope walked towards him and exclaimed, "as far as the cooperation with Bible societies is concerned, I am totally in favour." He issued a formal approval on Pentecost 1967, the feast on which the Holy Spirit descended on the Christians, overcoming all linguistic difficulties, according to Christian tradition.
qas: answers: text: Protestant Bible societies
question: Who was Paul VI in favor of cooperating with in the translation of the bible?

answers: text: Cardinal Augustin Bea
question: Who asked Paul VI for permission to cooperate with Protestants to translate the bible?

answers: text: 1967
question: In what year did Paul VI officially declare his support of a cross faith translation of the bible?

answers: text: Protestants
question: What group of Christians did Paul VI support and approve of cooperation with?

context: The next three popes, including Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI, were created cardinals by him. His immediate successor, Albino Luciani, who took the name John Paul I, was created a cardinal in the consistory of 5 March 1973. Karol Wojtyła was created a cardinal in the consistory of 26 June 1967. Joseph Ratzinger was created a cardinal in the small four-appointment consistory of 27 June 1977, which also included Bernardin Gantin from Benin, Africa. This became the last of Paul VI's consistories before his death in August 1978. Pope Paul was asked towards the end of his papacy whether he would retire at age 80, he replied "Kings can abdicate, Popes cannot."[citation needed]
qas: answers: text: three
question: How many future popes did Paul VI create first as cardinals?

answers: text: Joseph Ratzinger
question: Who was made a cardinal by Paul VI on June 27 1977?

answers: text: Karol Wojtyła
question: What future pope was made a cardinal by Paul VI on June 26, 1967?

answers: text: 1978
question: In what year did Paul VI die?

answers: text: John Paul I
question: What name did Albino Luciani take as a pope?

context: Pope Paul VI left the Vatican to go to the papal summer residence, Castel Gandolfo, on 14 July 1978, visiting on the way the tomb of Cardinal Giuseppe Pizzardo, who had introduced him to the Vatican half a century earlier. Although he was sick, he agreed to see the new Italian President Sandro Pertini for over two hours. In the evening he watched a Western on TV, happy only when he saw "horses, the most beautiful animals that God had created." He had breathing problems and needed oxygen. On Sunday, at the Feast of the Transfiguration, he was tired, but wanted to say the Angelus. He was neither able nor permitted to do so and instead stayed in bed, his temperature rising.
qas: answers: text: Castel Gandolfo
question: Where was Paul VI headed to on July 14, 1978?

answers: text: Castel Gandolfo
question: What was considered to be the papal summer residence?

answers: text: Sandro Pertini
question: Who was the Italian Prime Minister in July of 1978?

answers: text: two hours
question: For how long did an ailing Paul VI meet with Sandro Pertini in 1978?

answers: text: horses
question: What animals did Paul VI consider to be "the most beautiful animals God ever created"?

context: On 20 December 2012, Pope Benedict XVI, in an audience with the Cardinal Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, declared that the late pontiff had lived a life of heroic virtue, which means that he could be called "Venerable". A miracle attributed to the intercession of Paul VI was approved on 9 May 2014 by Pope Francis. The beatification ceremony for Paul VI was held on 19 October 2014, which means that he can now be called "Blessed". His liturgical feast day is celebrated on the date of his birth, 26 September, rather than the day of his death as is usual.
qas: answers: text: 2014
question: In what year was Paul VI beautified?

answers: text: 26 September
question: On what day was Paul VI born?

answers: text: Paul VI
question: Whose liturgical feast is celebrated on the 26th of September?

answers: text: 19 October
question: On what day was the beautification ceremony performed for Paul VI?

answers: text: A miracle
question: What was attributed to Paul VI and officially approved on May 9, 2014?

context: In December 2013, Vatican officials approved a supposed miracle that was attributed to the intercession of the late pontiff which was the curing of an unborn child in California, U.S.A in the 1990s. It was expected that Pope Francis would approve the miracle in the near future, thus, warranting the beatification of the late pontiff. In February 2014, it was reported that the consulting Vatican theologians to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints recognized the miracle attributed to the late pontiff.
qas: answers: text: pontiff
question: According to the Vatican who could the healing of an unborn child be attributed to in the 1990's?

answers: text: Pope Francis
question: Who approved the miracle of Paul VI?

answers: text: Congregation for the Causes of Saints
question: What group was responsible for recognizing Paul Vi's miracle?

answers: text: beatification
question: What is the process called that acknowledges sainthood?

context: On 24 April 2014, it was reported in the Italian magazine Credere that the late pope could possibly be beatified on 19 October 2014. This report from the magazine further stated that several cardinals and bishops would meet on 5 May to confirm the miracle that had previously been approved, and then present it to Pope Francis who may sign the decree for beatification shortly after that. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints held that meeting and positively concluded that the healing was indeed a miracle that could be attributed to the late pope. The matter shall now soon be presented to the pope for approval.
qas: answers: text: Credere
question: What magazine broke the story of Paul VI pending saint hood?

answers: text: healing
question: What type of miracle was attributed to Pope Paul VI?

answers: text: The Congregation for the Causes of Saints
question: What group declared the healing a miracle by Paul VI?

answers: text: pope
question: Who needed to approve the Congregation for the Causes of Saints conclusion that Paul VI performed a miracle?

answers: text: Pope Francis
question: Who was required to sign a decree declaring Paul VI a saint?

context: On basic Church teachings, the pope was unwavering. On the tenth anniversary of Humanae vitae, he reconfirmed this teaching. In his style and methodology, he was a disciple of Pius XII, whom he deeply revered. He suffered for the attacks on Pius XII for his alleged silences during the Holocaust. Pope Paul VI was less outstanding than his predecessors: he was not credited with an encyclopedic memory, nor a gift for languages, nor the brilliant writing style of Pius XII, nor did he have the charisma and outpouring love, sense of humor and human warmth of John XXIII. He took on himself the unfinished reform work of these two popes, bringing them diligently with great humility and common sense and without much fanfare to conclusion. In doing so, Paul VI saw himself following in the footsteps of the Apostle Paul, torn to several directions as Saint Paul, who said, "I am attracted to two sides at once, because the Cross always divides."
qas: answers: text: Holocaust
question: What was Pius XII accused of not condemning?

answers: text: Pius XII
question: Whose theology did Paul VI continue to propagate during his papacy?

answers: text: reform
question: What type of work did Paul Vi finish that had been started by two previous popes?

answers: text: tenth
question: On which anniversary of his Humanae Vitae did Paul VI reconfirm the beliefs set forth by the Humanae Vitae? 

answers: text: John XXIII
question: Which pope that preceded Paul VI was noted for his warmth and humor?

context: Unlike his predecessors and successors, Paul VI refused to excommunicate the opponents. He admonished but did not punish those with other views. The new theological freedoms which he fostered resulted in a pluralism of opinions and uncertainties among the faithful. New demands were voiced, which were taboo at the Council, the reintegration of divorced Catholics, the sacramental character of the confession, and the role of women in the Church and its ministries. Conservatives complained, that "women wanted to be priests, priests wanted to get married, bishops became regional popes and theologians claimed absolute teaching authority. Protestants claimed equality, homosexuals and divorced called for full acceptance." Changes such as the reorientation of the liturgy, alterations to the ordinary of the Mass, alterations to the liturgical calendar in the motu proprio Mysterii Paschalis, and the relocation of the tabernacle were controversial among some Catholics.
qas: answers: text: opponents
question: Who did Paul VI refuse to excommunicate?

answers: text: controversial
question: What did many other Catholics and Christians consider Paul VI reforms to be?

answers: text: theological freedoms
question: To what can the dissent among Catholics be attributed to during Paul VI's papacy?

answers: text: taboo
question: What was the reintroduction of divorced Catholics into the church considered to be by the Council?

context: Some critiqued Paul VI's decision; the newly created Synod of Bishops had an advisory role only and could not make decisions on their own, although the Council decided exactly that. During the pontificate of Paul VI, five such synods took place, and he is on record of implementing all their decisions. Related questions were raised about the new National Bishop Conferences, which became mandatory after Vatican II. Others questioned his Ostpolitik and contacts with Communism and the deals he engaged in for the faithful.
qas: answers: text: five
question: How many Synod of Bishops took place during Paul VI's papacy?

answers: text: National Bishop Conferences
question: What conferences became a requirement after Vatican II?

answers: text: Communism
question: What political movement was Paul VI criticized for having a relationship with?

answers: text: Bishops
question: The Council, under Paul VI, decided whom could make decisions independently of Rome?

answers: text: all
question: How many of his bishop's decisions did Paul VI end up enacting?

context: From his bed he participated in Sunday Mass at 18:00. After communion, the pope suffered a massive heart attack, after which he continued to live for three hours. On 6 August 1978 at 21:41 Paul VI died in Castel Gandolfo. According to his will, he was buried in the grottos of the Vatican not in an ornate tomb, but in a grave in the ground. He is buried beneath the floor of Saint Peter's Basilica with other popes. In his will, he requested to be buried in the "true earth" and therefore, he does not have an ornate sarcophagus but an in-ground grave.
qas: answers: text: three hours
question: How long did Paul VI live for after experiencing a massive heart attack in 1978?

answers: text: 21:41
question: At what time did Paul VI die?

answers: text: 6 August
question: On what day did Paul VI die?

answers: text: bed
question: From where did Paul VI conduct mass on the day of his death?

answers: text: Castel Gandolfo
question: What residence was the Paul VI staying in on the day of his death?

context: With the six consistories, Paul VI continued the internationalization policies started by Pius XII in 1946 and continued by John XXIII. In his 1976 consistory, five of twenty cardinals originated from Africa, one of them a son of a tribal chief with fifty wives. Several prominent Latin Americans like Eduardo Francisco Pironio of Argentina; Luis Aponte Martinez of Puerto Rico and Eugênio de Araújo Sales and Aloisio Lorscheider from Brazil were also elevated by him. There were voices within the Church at the time saying that the European period of the Church was coming to a close, a view shared by Britain's Cardinal Basil Hume. At the same time, the members of the College of Cardinals lost some of their previous influences, after Paul VI decreed, that not only cardinals but also bishops too may participate in committees of the Roman Curia. The age limit of eighty years imposed by the Pope, a numerical increase of Cardinals by almost 100%, and a reform of the regal vestments of the "Princes of the Church" further contributed to a service-oriented perception of Cardinals under his pontificate. The increased number of Cardinals from the Third World and the papal emphasis on related issues was nevertheless welcomed by many in Western Europe.
qas: answers: text: five
question: How many cardinals were from Africa in 1976?

answers: text: Argentina
question: What country did Cardinal Eduardo Francisco Pironi represent?

answers: text: Brazil
question: What country did Cardinal Araujo Sales represent?

answers: text: Roman Curia
question: What group's committees did Paul VI declare both bishops and cardinals could participate in?

answers: text: regal vestments
question: What type of clothing did Paul VI enact reform on?

context: Paul VI did renounce many traditional symbols of the papacy and the Catholic Church; some of his changes to the papal dress were reversed by Pope Benedict XVI in the early 21st century. Refusing a Vatican army of colourful military uniforms from centuries, he got rid of them. He became the first pope to visit five continents. Paul VI systematically continued and completed the efforts of his predecessors, to turn the Euro-centric Church into a Church of the world, by integrating the bishops from all continents in its government and in the Synods which he convened. His 6 August 1967 motu proprio Pro Comperto Sane opened the Roman Curia to the bishops of the world. Until then, only Cardinals could be leading members of the Curia.
qas: answers: text: army
question: What type of theatrical uniforms did Paul VI eradicate from the Vatican?

answers: text: Paul VI
question: Who was the first pope to visit five continents?

answers: text: world
question: Where did Paul Vi turn the focus of the church toward during his papacy?

answers: text: bishops
question: What group of clergy did Paul VI include in Vatican decision making that had previously been denied influence in this realm?

answers: text: motu proprio Pro Comperto Sane
question: What papal statement under Paul VI opened the Vatican doors to global influences?