United_States_Army

context: The Continental Army was created on 14 June 1775 by the Continental Congress as a unified army for the colonies to fight Great Britain, with George Washington appointed as its commander. The army was initially led by men who had served in the British Army or colonial militias and who brought much of British military heritage with them. As the Revolutionary War progressed, French aid, resources, and military thinking influenced the new army. A number of European soldiers came on their own to help, such as Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, who taught the army Prussian tactics and organizational skills.
qas: answers: text: 14 June 1775
question: When was the Continental Army created?

answers: text: George Washington
question: Who was the commander of the Continental Army?

answers: text: Europe
question: From what country did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben come from?

answers: text: Prussian tactics and organizational skills
question: What did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben teach the Continental Army?

context: The Vietnam War is often regarded as a low point for the U.S. Army due to the use of drafted personnel, the unpopularity of the war with the American public, and frustrating restrictions placed on the military by American political leaders. While American forces had been stationed in the Republic of Vietnam since 1959, in intelligence & advising/training roles, they did not deploy in large numbers until 1965, after the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. American forces effectively established and maintained control of the "traditional" battlefield, however they struggled to counter the guerrilla hit and run tactics of the communist Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese Army. On a tactical level, American soldiers (and the U.S. military as a whole) did not lose a sizable battle.
qas: answers: text: 1959
question: What year did American forces start being stationed in Vietnam?

answers: text: Gulf of Tonkin Incident
question: What caused American forces to deploy in large number in 1965?

answers: text: communist
question: What political structure did Vietnam have?

context: By the twentieth century, the U.S. Army had mobilized the U.S. Volunteers on four separate occasions during each of the major wars of the nineteenth century. During World War I, the "National Army" was organized to fight the conflict, replacing the concept of U.S. Volunteers. It was demobilized at the end of World War I, and was replaced by the Regular Army, the Organized Reserve Corps, and the State Militias. In the 1920s and 1930s, the "career" soldiers were known as the "Regular Army" with the "Enlisted Reserve Corps" and "Officer Reserve Corps" augmented to fill vacancies when needed.
qas: answers: text: the "National Army"
question: What was organized to replace the concept of U.S. Volunteers?

answers: text: end of World War I
question: When was the National Army demobilized?

answers: text: "Enlisted Reserve Corps" and "Officer Reserve Corps"
question: Who filled vacancies in the Regular Army?

context: The army is led by a civilian Secretary of the Army, who has the statutory authority to conduct all the affairs of the army under the authority, direction and control of the Secretary of Defense. The Chief of Staff of the Army, who is the highest-ranked military officer in the army, serves as the principal military adviser and executive agent for the Secretary of the Army, i.e., its service chief; and as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a body composed of the service chiefs from each of the four military services belonging to the Department of Defense who advise the President of the United States, the Secretary of Defense, and the National Security Council on operational military matters, under the guidance of the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In 1986, the Goldwater–Nichols Act mandated that operational control of the services follows a chain of command from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the unified combatant commanders, who have control of all armed forces units in their geographic or function area of responsibility. Thus, the secretaries of the military departments (and their respective service chiefs underneath them) only have the responsibility to organize, train and equip their service components. The army provides trained forces to the combatant commanders for use as directed by the Secretary of Defense.
qas: answers: text: The Chief of Staff
question: Who is the highest-ranked military officer in the army?

answers: text: Secretary of the Army
question: Who does the Chief of Staff serve as the principal military adviser to?

answers: text: four
question: How many military services beling to the Department of Defense?

answers: text: 1986
question: In what year did the Goldwater-Nichols act take place?

context: The United States Army (USA) is the largest branch of the United States Armed Forces and performs land-based military operations. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1 and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001. As the largest and senior branch of the U.S. military, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed (14 June 1775) to fight the American Revolutionary War (1775–83)—before the U.S. was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784, to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775.
qas: answers: text: The United States Army
question: What branch of the USA Armed Forces is the largest?

answers: text: seven
question: How many uniformed services are there in the US?

answers: text: 1775–83
question: What years did the American Revolutionary War span?

answers: text: 3 June 1784
question: What date was the U.S. Army created?

answers: text: Continental Army
question: What did the U.S Army replace?

context: The War of 1812, the second and last American war against the United Kingdom, was less successful for the U.S. than the Revolution and Northwest Indian War against natives had been, though it ended on a high note for Americans as well. After the taking control of Lake Erie in 1813, the Americans were able to seize parts of western Upper Canada, burn York and defeat Tecumseh, which caused his Indian Confederacy to collapse. Following ending victories in the province of Upper Canada, which dubbed the U.S. Army "Regulars, by God!", British troops were able to capture and burn Washington. The regular army, however, proved they were professional and capable of defeating the British army during the invasions of Plattsburgh and Baltimore, prompting British agreement on the previously rejected terms of a status quo ante bellum. Two weeks after a treaty was signed (but not ratified), Andrew Jackson defeated the British in the Battle of New Orleans and became a national hero. Per the treaty both sides returned to the status quo with no victor.
qas: answers: text: United Kingdom
question: The War of 1812 consisted of the U.S against whom?

answers: text: 1813
question: In what year did the U.S. take control of Lake Eerie?

answers: text: Tecumseh
question: Who did the U.S. defeat to collapse the Indian Confederacy?

answers: text: Andrew Jackson
question: In the Battle of New Orleans, who defeated the British?

context: After the war, though, the Continental Army was quickly given land certificates and disbanded in a reflection of the republican distrust of standing armies. State militias became the new nation's sole ground army, with the exception of a regiment to guard the Western Frontier and one battery of artillery guarding West Point's arsenal. However, because of continuing conflict with Native Americans, it was soon realized that it was necessary to field a trained standing army. The Regular Army was at first very small, and after General St. Clair's defeat at the Battle of the Wabash, the Regular Army was reorganized as the Legion of the United States, which was established in 1791 and renamed the "United States Army" in 1796.
qas: answers: text: republican
question: What political party did not have trust in standing armies?

answers: text: General St. Clair
question: Who was defeated at the Battle of the Wabash?

answers: text: Native Americans
question: Who did the state militias have ongoing conflict with?

answers: text: 1791
question: In what year was the Legion of the United States established?

answers: text: 1796
question: In what year was the Legion of the United States renamed to the United States Army?

context: Collective training at the unit level takes place at the unit's assigned station, but the most intensive training at higher echelons is conducted at the three combat training centers (CTC); the National Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, California, the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) at Fort Polk, Louisiana, and the Joint Multinational Training Center (JMRC) at the Hohenfels Training Area in Hohenfels, Germany. ARFORGEN is the Army Force Generation process approved in 2006 to meet the need to continuously replenish forces for deployment, at unit level, and for other echelons as required by the mission. Individual-level replenishment still requires training at a unit level, which is conducted at the continental US (CONUS) replacement center at Fort Bliss, in New Mexico and Texas, before their individual deployment.
qas: answers: text: Fort Irwin, California
question: Where is the National Training Center located?

answers: text: Fort Polk, Louisiana
question: Where is the Joint Readiness Training Center located?

answers: text: Hohenfels, Germany
question: Where is the Joint Multinational Training Center located?

answers: text: 2006
question: In what year was ARFORGEN approved?

answers: text: New Mexico and Texas
question: In what states is Fort Bliss located?

context: For the first two years Confederate forces did well in set battles but lost control of the border states. The Confederates had the advantage of defending a very large country in an area where disease caused twice as many deaths as combat. The Union pursued a strategy of seizing the coastline, blockading the ports, and taking control of the river systems. By 1863 the Confederacy was being strangled. Its eastern armies fought well, but the western armies were defeated one after another until the Union forces captured New Orleans in 1862 along with the Tennessee River. In the famous Vicksburg Campaign of 1862–63, Ulysses Grant seized the Mississippi River and cut off the Southwest. Grant took command of Union forces in 1864 and after a series of battles with very heavy casualties, he had Lee under siege in Richmond as William T. Sherman captured Atlanta and marched through Georgia and the Carolinas. The Confederate capital was abandoned in April 1865 and Lee subsequently surrendered his army at Appomattox Court House; all other Confederate armies surrendered within a few months.
qas: answers: text: 1862
question: In what year did the Union Forces capture New Orleans?

answers: text: Ulysses Grant
question: Who took control of the Mississippi River in 1862-63?

answers: text: William T. Sherman
question: Who captured Atlanta?

answers: text: Appomattox Court House
question: Where did Lee surrender his army?

context: The end of World War II set the stage for the East–West confrontation known as the Cold War. With the outbreak of the Korean War, concerns over the defense of Western Europe rose. Two corps, V and VII, were reactivated under Seventh United States Army in 1950 and American strength in Europe rose from one division to four. Hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops remained stationed in West Germany, with others in Belgium, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, until the 1990s in anticipation of a possible Soviet attack.
qas: answers: text: Cold War
question: What war occurred after the end of World War II?

answers: text: 1950
question: In what year were corps V and corps VII reactivated?

answers: text: four
question: How many divisions of the U.S. Army were in Europe?

context: The United States joined World War II in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. On the European front, U.S. Army troops formed a significant portion of the forces that captured North Africa and Sicily, and later fought in Italy. On D-Day, June 6, 1944, and in the subsequent liberation of Europe and defeat of Nazi Germany, millions of U.S. Army troops played a central role. In the Pacific War, U.S. Army soldiers participated alongside the United States Marine Corps in capturing the Pacific Islands from Japanese control. Following the Axis surrenders in May (Germany) and August (Japan) of 1945, army troops were deployed to Japan and Germany to occupy the two defeated nations. Two years after World War II, the Army Air Forces separated from the army to become the United States Air Force in September 1947 after decades of attempting to separate. Also, in 1948, the army was desegregated by order of President Harry S. Truman.
qas: answers: text: December 1941
question: What month and year did the U.S. join World War II?

answers: text: Japanese
question: Which military force attacked Pearl Harbor?

answers: text: June 6, 1944
question: What is the month, day and year of "D-Day"?

answers: text: Pacific War
question: What war lead to the capture of the Pacific Islands by the U.S.?

answers: text: Harry S. Truman
question: Who was responsible for the desegregation of the army?

context: The Total Force Policy was adopted by Chief of Staff of the Army General Creighton Abrams in the aftermath of the Vietnam War and involves treating the three components of the army – the Regular Army, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve as a single force. Believing that no U.S. president should be able to take the United States (and more specifically the U.S. Army) to war without the support of the American people, General Abrams intertwined the structure of the three components of the army in such a way as to make extended operations impossible, without the involvement of both the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve.
qas: answers: text: General Creighton Abrams
question: Who adopted the Total Force Policy?

answers: text: Vietnam War
question: What war was responsible for the creation of the Total Force Policy?

answers: text: three
question: How many army components were affected by the Total Force Policy?

context: In response to the September 11 attacks, and as part of the Global War on Terror, U.S. and NATO forces invaded Afghanistan in October 2001, displacing the Taliban government. The U.S. Army also led the combined U.S. and allied invasion of Iraq in 2003. It served as the primary source for ground forces with its ability to sustain short and long-term deployment operations. In the following years the mission changed from conflict between regular militaries to counterinsurgency, resulting in the deaths of more than 4,000 U.S service members (as of March 2008) and injuries to thousands more. 23,813 insurgents were killed in Iraq between 2003–2011.
qas: answers: text: Afghanistan
question: Which country was invaded by the U.S. in October 2001?

answers: text: 2003
question: The U.S. Army invaded Iraq in what year?

answers: text: more than 4,000
question: About how many U.S. soldiers died as of March 2008 due to counterinsurgency?

answers: text: 23,813
question: How many Iraqi insurgents were killed from 2003-2011?

context: Currently, the army is divided into the Regular Army, the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard. The army is also divided into major branches such as Air Defense Artillery, Infantry, Aviation, Signal Corps, Corps of Engineers, and Armor. Before 1903 members of the National Guard were considered state soldiers unless federalized (i.e., activated) by the President. Since the Militia Act of 1903 all National Guard soldiers have held dual status: as National Guardsmen under the authority of the governor of their state or territory and, when activated, as a reserve of the U.S. Army under the authority of the President.
qas: answers: text: state soldiers
question: What were National Guard members considered before 1903?

answers: text: 1903
question: In what year did the Milita Act take place?

answers: text: the Army
question: The Air Defense Artillery is a branch of what?

answers: text: the governor
question: National Guardsmen are under the authority of who?

context: The U.S. Army currently consists of 10 active divisions as well as several independent units. The force is in the process of contracting after several years of growth. In June 2013, the Army announced plans to downsize to 32 active combat brigade teams by 2015 to match a reduction in active duty strength to 490,000 soldiers. Army Chief of Staff Raymond Odierno has projected that by 2018 the Army will eventually shrink to "450,000 in the active component, 335,000 in the National Guard and 195,000 in U.S. Army Reserve."
qas: answers: text: 10
question: How many divisions are there in the U.S. Army?

answers: text: 32
question: How many brigade teams did the Army downsize to by 2015?

answers: text: Raymond Odierno
question: Who is the Army Chief of Staff?

answers: text: 450,000
question: By 2018, how many active Army members will there be?

answers: text: 195,000
question: How many Army Reserve members will there be by 2018?

context: Training in the U.S. Army is generally divided into two categories – individual and collective. Basic training consists of 10 weeks for most recruits followed by Advanced Individualized Training (AIT) where they receive training for their military occupational specialties (MOS). Some individuals MOSs range anywhere from 14–20 weeks of One Station Unit Training (OSUT), which combines Basic Training and AIT. The length of AIT school varies by the MOS The length of time spent in AIT depends on the MOS of the soldier, and some highly technical MOS training may require many months (e.g., foreign language translators). Depending on the needs of the army, Basic Combat Training for combat arms soldiers is conducted at a number of locations, but two of the longest-running are the Armor School and the Infantry School, both at Fort Benning, Georgia.
qas: answers: text: individual and collective
question: What categories are U.S. Army training divided into?

answers: text: 10 weeks
question: How long does basic training last?

answers: text: 14–20 weeks
question: How long does military occupation specialties training last?

answers: text: One Station Unit Training
question: What does OSUT stand for?

answers: text: Fort Benning, Georgia
question: Where are the Armor School and the Infantry School both located?

context: Many units are supplemented with a variety of specialized weapons, including the M249 SAW (Squad Automatic Weapon), to provide suppressive fire at the fire-team level. Indirect fire is provided by the M203 grenade launcher. The M1014 Joint Service Combat Shotgun or the Mossberg 590 Shotgun are used for door breaching and close-quarters combat. The M14EBR is used by designated marksmen. Snipers use the M107 Long Range Sniper Rifle, the M2010 Enhanced Sniper Rifle, and the M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper Rifle.
qas: answers: text: Squad Automatic Weapon
question: What does the SAW in M249 SAW stand for?

answers: text: suppressive fire
question: What kind of gunfire is the M249 SAW generally used for?

answers: text: door breaching and close-quarters combat
question: What is the Mossberg 590 used for?

answers: text: M14EBR
question: What gun do designated marksmen use?

answers: text: M110
question: What semi-automatic sniper do Snipers use?

context: The Pentagon bought 25,000 MRAP vehicles since 2007 in 25 variants through rapid acquisition with no long-term plans for the platforms. The Army plans to divest 7,456 vehicles and retain 8,585. Of the total number of vehicles the Army will keep, 5,036 will be put in storage, 1,073 will be used for training, and the remainder will be spread across the active force. The Oshkosh M-ATV will be kept the most at 5,681 vehicles, as it is smaller and lighter than other MRAPs for off-road mobility. The other most retained vehicle will be the Navistar MaxxPro Dash with 2,633 vehicles, plus 301 Maxxpro ambulances. Thousands of other MRAPs like the Cougar, BAE Caiman, and larger MaxxPros will be disposed of.
qas: answers: text: 25,000
question: How many MRAP vehicles has the Pentagon bought since 2007?

answers: text: 1,073
question: How many of the vehicles will be used for training?

answers: text: 7,456
question: How many of the 25,000 vehicles do they plan on getting rid of?

answers: text: Oshkosh M-ATV
question: The Army will be keeping 5,681 of what vehicle?

answers: text: Maxxpro
question: What type of ambulance will the Army have 301 of?

context: The U.S. Army black beret (having been permanently replaced with the patrol cap) is no longer worn with the new ACU for garrison duty. After years of complaints that it wasn't suited well for most work conditions, Army Chief of Staff General Martin Dempsey eliminated it for wear with the ACU in June 2011. Soldiers still wear berets who are currently in a unit in jump status, whether the wearer is parachute-qualified, or not (maroon beret), Members of the 75th Ranger Regiment and the Airborne and Ranger Training Brigade (tan beret), and Special Forces (rifle green beret) and may wear it with the Army Service Uniform for non-ceremonial functions. Unit commanders may still direct the wear of patrol caps in these units in training environments or motor pools.
qas: answers: text: black beret
question: What piece of the uniform has been replaced by the patrol cap?

answers: text: General Martin Dempsey
question: Who was the Army Chief of Staff at this time?

answers: text: June 2011
question: What month and year was the black beret replaced?

answers: text: maroon
question: If a soldier is in a unit in jump status, what color beret do they wear?

answers: text: Special Forces
question: The rifle green beret is worn by whom?

context: As a uniformed military service, the Army is part of the Department of the Army, which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant, the Secretary of the Army (SECARMY), and by a chief military officer, the Chief of Staff of the Army (CSA) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In the fiscal year 2016, the projected end strength for the Regular Army (USA) was 475,000 soldiers; the Army National Guard (ARNG) had 342,000 soldiers, and the United States Army Reserve (USAR) had 198,000 soldiers; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,015,000 soldiers. As a branch of the armed forces, the mission of the U.S. Army is "to fight and win our Nation's wars, by providing prompt, sustained, land dominance, across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict, in support of combatant commanders." The service participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force.
qas: answers: text: three
question: How many military departments does the Department of Defense have?

answers: text: Secretary of the Army
question: What does SECARMY stand for?

answers: text: Chief of Staff of the Army
question: What does CSA stand for?

answers: text: 475,000
question: At the end of 2016, how many soldiers were in the Regular Army?

answers: text: 1,015,000
question: How many soldiers were there in the entire U.S. Army at the end of 2016?

context: The army's major campaign against the Indians was fought in Florida against Seminoles. It took long wars (1818–58) to finally defeat the Seminoles and move them to Oklahoma. The usual strategy in Indian wars was to seize control of the Indians winter food supply, but that was no use in Florida where there was no winter. The second strategy was to form alliances with other Indian tribes, but that too was useless because the Seminoles had destroyed all the other Indians when they entered Florida in the late eighteenth century.
qas: answers: text: Seminoles
question: What Indian tribe was the Army's major campaign against?

answers: text: 1818–58
question: During what years did the wars between the Army and the Seminoles take place?

answers: text: Oklahoma
question: What state were the Seminoles moved to?

answers: text: winter food supply
question: What did the Army traditionally take control of to defeat the Indians?

answers: text: eighteenth
question: During what century did the Seminoles enter Florida?

context: During the Cold War, American troops and their allies fought Communist forces in Korea and Vietnam. The Korean War began in 1950, when the Soviets walked out of a U.N. Security meeting, removing their possible veto. Under a United Nations umbrella, hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops fought to prevent the takeover of South Korea by North Korea, and later, to invade the northern nation. After repeated advances and retreats by both sides, and the PRC People's Volunteer Army's entry into the war, the Korean Armistice Agreement returned the peninsula to the status quo in 1953.
qas: answers: text: 1950
question: What year did the Korean War start?

answers: text: the Soviets
question: Who walked out of the U.N. security meeting?

answers: text: Korea and Vietnam
question: In what two countries did the American troops fight Communist forces?

answers: text: 1953
question: In what year did the Korean war end?

context: By 1989 Germany was nearing reunification and the Cold War was coming to a close. Army leadership reacted by starting to plan for a reduction in strength. By November 1989 Pentagon briefers were laying out plans to reduce army end strength by 23%, from 750,000 to 580,000. A number of incentives such as early retirement were used. In 1990 Iraq invaded its smaller neighbor, Kuwait, and U.S. land forces, quickly deployed to assure the protection of Saudi Arabia. In January 1991 Operation Desert Storm commenced, a U.S.-led coalition which deployed over 500,000 troops, the bulk of them from U.S. Army formations, to drive out Iraqi forces. The campaign ended in total victory, as Western coalition forces routed the Iraqi Army, organized along Soviet lines, in just one hundred hours.
qas: answers: text: 580,000
question: In 1989, what did the Pentagon plan to reduce the army end strength to?

answers: text: Kuwait
question: Which country did Iraq invade in 1990?

answers: text: Desert Storm
question: What operation began in January 1991?

answers: text: 500,000
question: How many troops were involved in Operation Desert Storm?

answers: text: one hundred hours
question: How long did Operation Desert Storm last?

context: The task of organizing the U.S. Army commenced in 1775. In the first one hundred years of its existence, the United States Army was maintained as a small peacetime force to man permanent forts and perform other non-wartime duties such as engineering and construction works. During times of war, the U.S. Army was augmented by the much larger United States Volunteers which were raised independently by various state governments. States also maintained full-time militias which could also be called into the service of the army.
qas: answers: text: 1775
question: What year was the U.S. army organized?

answers: text: United States Volunteers
question: What group combined with the U.S. Army?

answers: text: various state governments
question: Who raised the United States Volunteers?

context: The United States Army is made up of three components: the active component, the Regular Army; and two reserve components, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve. Both reserve components are primarily composed of part-time soldiers who train once a month, known as battle assemblies or unit training assemblies (UTAs), and conduct two to three weeks of annual training each year. Both the Regular Army and the Army Reserve are organized under Title 10 of the United States Code, while the National Guard is organized under Title 32. While the Army National Guard is organized, trained and equipped as a component of the U.S. Army, when it is not in federal service it is under the command of individual state and territorial governors; the District of Columbia National Guard, however, reports to the U.S. President, not the district's mayor, even when not federalized. Any or all of the National Guard can be federalized by presidential order and against the governor's wishes.
qas: answers: text: Regular Army
question: What is the active component of the U.S. Army?

answers: text: Army National Guard and the Army Reserve
question: What are the two reserve components of the U.S. Army?

answers: text: unit training assemblies
question: What are UTAs?

answers: text: 10
question: The U.S. Army is organized under what title of the United States Code?

answers: text: the U.S. President
question: Who does the D.C. National Guard report to?

context: Following their basic and advanced training at the individual-level, soldiers may choose to continue their training and apply for an "additional skill identifier" (ASI). The ASI allows the army to take a wide ranging MOS and focus it into a more specific MOS. For example, a combat medic, whose duties are to provide pre-hospital emergency treatment, may receive ASI training to become a cardiovascular specialist, a dialysis specialist, or even a licensed practical nurse. For commissioned officers, ASI training includes pre-commissioning training either at USMA, or via ROTC, or by completing OCS. After commissioning, officers undergo branch specific training at the Basic Officer Leaders Course, (formerly called Officer Basic Course), which varies in time and location according their future assignments. Further career development is available through the Army Correspondence Course Program.
qas: answers: text: additional skill identifier
question: What does ASI stand for?

answers: text: provide pre-hospital emergency treatment
question: What is are combat medics duties?

answers: text: Basic Officer Leaders Course
question: Where do the officers go to complete their branch specific training?

answers: text: Army Correspondence Course Program
question: If the officers want to advance their careers even further, where is that available?

context: The army has relied heavily on tents to provide the various facilities needed while on deployment. The most common tent uses for the military are as temporary barracks (sleeping quarters), DFAC buildings (dining facilities), forward operating bases (FOBs), after action review (AAR), tactical operations center (TOC), morale, welfare, and recreation (MWR) facilities, and security checkpoints. Furthermore, most of these tents are set up and operated through the support of Natick Soldier Systems Center.
qas: answers: text: tents
question: What does the army use for facilities while they are deployed?

answers: text: TOC
question: What is the abbreviation for a tactical operations center?

answers: text: forward operating bases
question: What does FOB stand for?

answers: text: DFAC buildings
question: Where are the dining facilities called?

answers: text: sleeping quarters
question: What are the barracks used for?

context: The American Civil War was the costliest war for the U.S. in terms of casualties. After most slave states, located in the southern U.S., formed the Confederate States, C.S. troops led by former U.S. Army officers, mobilized a very large fraction of Southern white manpower. Forces of the United States (the "Union" or "the North") formed the Union Army consisting of a small body of regular army units and a large body of volunteer units raised from every state, north and south, except South Carolina.[citation needed]
qas: answers: text: The American Civil War
question: Which war had the most U.S. casualties associated with it?

answers: text: the "Union" or "the North"
question: What were the U.S. forces referred to as?

answers: text: South Carolina
question: What state did not contribute any troops to the Union Army?

context: Starting in 1910, the army began acquiring fixed-wing aircraft. In 1910, Mexico was having a civil war, peasant rebels fighting government soldiers. The army was deployed to American towns near the border to ensure safety to lives and property. In 1916, Pancho Villa, a major rebel leader, attacked Columbus, New Mexico, prompting a U.S. intervention in Mexico until 7 February 1917. They fought the rebels and the Mexican federal troops until 1918. The United States joined World War I in 1917 on the side of Britain, France, Russia, Italy and other allies. U.S. troops were sent to the Western Front and were involved in the last offensives that ended the war. With the armistice in November 1918, the army once again decreased its forces.
qas: answers: text: 1910
question: In what year did the army start using fixed-wing aircraft?

answers: text: Pancho Villa
question: Who attacked New Mexico in 1916?

answers: text: 1917
question: What year did the U.S. join World War I?

answers: text: 7 February 1917
question: What date did the U.S. intervention in New Mexico end?

context: During the 1960s the Department of Defense continued to scrutinize the reserve forces and to question the number of divisions and brigades as well as the redundancy of maintaining two reserve components, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve. In 1967 Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara decided that 15 combat divisions in the Army National Guard were unnecessary and cut the number to 8 divisions (1 mechanized infantry, 2 armored, and 5 infantry), but increased the number of brigades from 7 to 18 (1 airborne, 1 armored, 2 mechanized infantry, and 14 infantry). The loss of the divisions did not set well with the states. Their objections included the inadequate maneuver element mix for those that remained and the end to the practice of rotating divisional commands among the states that supported them. Under the proposal, the remaining division commanders were to reside in the state of the division base. No reduction, however, in total Army National Guard strength was to take place, which convinced the governors to accept the plan. The states reorganized their forces accordingly between 1 December 1967 and 1 May 1968.
qas: answers: text: Robert McNamara
question: Who was the Secretary of Defense in 1967?

answers: text: 8
question: How many divisions did the Secretary of Defense cut the original 15 down to?

answers: text: 18
question: How many brigades did the Secretary of Defense increase the number to?

context: On September 11, 2001, 53 Army civilians (47 employees and six contractors) and 22 soldiers were among the 125 victims killed in the Pentagon in a terrorist attack when American Airlines Flight 77 commandeered by five Al-Qaeda hijackers slammed into the western side of the building, as part of the September 11 attacks. Lieutenant General Timothy Maude was the highest-ranking military official killed at the Pentagon, and the most senior U.S. Army officer killed by foreign action since the death of Lieutenant General Simon B. Buckner, Jr. on June 18, 1945, in the Battle of Okinawa during World War II.
qas: answers: text: 125
question: How many victims were killed in the attack on the Pentagon?

answers: text: American Airlines Flight 77
question: What aircraft was hijacked?

answers: text: west
question: Did they crash into the eastern or wester part of the Pentagon.

answers: text: Lieutenant General Timothy Maude
question: Who was the highest ranking official killed in the attack?

context: The army is also changing its base unit from divisions to brigades. Division lineage will be retained, but the divisional headquarters will be able to command any brigade, not just brigades that carry their divisional lineage. The central part of this plan is that each brigade will be modular, i.e., all brigades of the same type will be exactly the same, and thus any brigade can be commanded by any division. As specified before the 2013 end-strength re-definitions, the three major types of ground combat brigades are:
qas: answers: text: brigades
question: What is the army replacing divisions with?

answers: text: modular
question: How will the brigades be structured?

answers: text: divisional headquarters
question: Who can command any brigade?

context: The army employs various individual weapons to provide light firepower at short ranges. The most common weapons used by the army are the compact variant of the M16 rifle, the M4 carbine, as well as the 7.62×51mm variant of the FN SCAR for Army Rangers. The primary sidearm in the U.S. Army is the 9 mm M9 pistol; the M11 pistol is also used. Both handguns are to be replaced through the Modular Handgun System program. Soldiers are also equiped with various hand grenades, such as the M67 fragmentation grenade and M18 smoke grenade.
qas: answers: text: 9 mm M9 pistol
question: What is the primary sidearm used by the U.S. Army?

answers: text: M67
question: What type of frag grenade is used by the U.S. Army?

answers: text: smoke
question: The M18 is a type of what kind of grenade?

answers: text: Modular Handgun System
question: Through what system are handguns being replacedby the U.S. Army?

context: The army's most common vehicle is the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), commonly called the Humvee, which is capable of serving as a cargo/troop carrier, weapons platform, and ambulance, among many other roles. While they operate a wide variety of combat support vehicles, one of the most common types centers on the family of HEMTT vehicles. The M1A2 Abrams is the army's main battle tank, while the M2A3 Bradley is the standard infantry fighting vehicle. Other vehicles include the Stryker, and the M113 armored personnel carrier, and multiple types of Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicles.
qas: answers: text: High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle
question: What does HMMWV stand for?

answers: text: Humvee
question: What is the HMMWV also known as?

answers: text: battle tank
question: The M1A2 Abrams is an example of what?

answers: text: Mine Resistant Ambush Protected
question: What does MRAP stand for?