The executive denied speculation that Saatchi was bringing in the new chief executive officer only to clean up the company financially so that the brothers could lead a buy-back

( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN executive ) ) ( VP ( VBD denied ) ( NP ( NN speculation ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNP Saatchi ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBG bringing ) ( PRT ( RP in ) ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ new ) ( JJ chief ) ( JJ executive ) ( NN officer ) ) ( S-PRP ( ADVP ( RB only ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB clean ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN company ) ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB financially ) ) ( SBAR-PRP ( IN so ) ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNS brothers ) ) ( VP ( MD could ) ( VP ( VB lead ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN buy-back ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


That speculation abounded Friday as industry executives analyzed the appointment of the new chief executive Robert Louis-Dreyfus who joins Saatchi and becomes a member of its board on Jan. 1

( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT That ) ( NN speculation ) ) ( VP ( VBD abounded ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Friday ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( IN as ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN industry ) ( NNS executives ) ) ( VP ( VBD analyzed ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN appointment ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ new ) ( JJ chief ) ( NN executive ) ) ( NP ( NNP Robert ) ( NNP Louis-Dreyfus ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VP ( VBZ joins ) ( NP ( NNP Saatchi ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBZ becomes ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN member ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN board ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NNP Jan. ) ( CD 1 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Mr. Louis-Dreyfus formerly chief executive of the pharmaceutical research firm IMS International Inc. has a reputation as a savvy financial manager and will be charged largely with repairing Saatchi 's poor financial state

( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Louis-Dreyfus ) ) ( NP ( NP ( RB formerly ) ( JJ chief ) ( NN executive ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ pharmaceutical ) ( NN research ) ( NN firm ) ( NNP IMS ) ( NNP International ) ( NNP Inc. ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN reputation ) ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ savvy ) ( JJ financial ) ( NN manager ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN charged ) ( PP-CLR ( ADVP ( RB largely ) ) ( IN with ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG repairing ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Saatchi ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ poor ) ( JJ financial ) ( NN state ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Asked about the speculation that Mr. Louis-Dreyfus has been hired to pave the way for a buy-out by the brothers the executive replied That is n't the reason Dreyfus has been brought in

( S ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBN Asked ) ( PP-CLR ( IN about ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN speculation ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Louis-Dreyfus ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBN hired ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB pave ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN way ) ) ( PP-PRP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN buy-out ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS brothers ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-3 ( DT the ) ( NN executive ) ) ( VP ( VBD replied ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT That ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( RB n't ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN reason ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-5 ( NNP Dreyfus ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBN brought ) ( PRT ( RP in ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


He was brought in to turn around the company

( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP He ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN brought ) ( PRT ( RP in ) ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB turn ) ( PRT ( RP around ) ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN company ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Separately several Saatchi agency clients said they believe the company 's management shakeup will have little affect on them

( S ( ADVP ( RB Separately ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( JJ several ) ( NNP Saatchi ) ( NN agency ) ( NNS clients ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP believe ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN company ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN management ) ( NN shakeup ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ little ) ( NN affect ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( PRP them ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


It has n't had any impact on us nor do we expect it to said a spokeswoman for Miller Brewing Co. a major client of Backer Spielvogel

( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VBN had ) ( NP ( NP ( DT any ) ( NN impact ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( PRP us ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC nor ) ( SINV ( VBP do ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP we ) ) ( VP ( VB expect ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN spokeswoman ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Miller ) ( NNP Brewing ) ( NNP Co. ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ major ) ( NN client ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Backer ) ( NNP Spielvogel ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


John Lampe director of advertising at PaineWebber Inc. a Saatchi & Saatchi Advertising client said We have no problem with the announcement because we do n't know what change it 's going to bring about

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP John ) ( NNP Lampe ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NN director ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN advertising ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP PaineWebber ) ( NNP Inc. ) ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NNP Saatchi ) ( CC & ) ( NNP Saatchi ) ( NNP Advertising ) ( NN client ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP We ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( NP ( NP ( DT no ) ( NN problem ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN announcement ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-PRP ( IN because ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP we ) ) ( VP ( VBP do ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB know ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( WP what ) ( NN change ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( VP ( VBG going ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB bring ) ( PRT ( RP about ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


We are n't going to change agencies because of a change in London

( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP We ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VBG going ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB change ) ( NP ( NNS agencies ) ) ( PP-PRP ( IN because ) ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN change ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP London ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Executives at Backer Spielvogel client Avis Inc. as well as at Saatchi client Philips Lighting Co. also said they saw no effect

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS Executives ) ) ( PP-LOC ( PP ( IN at ) ( NP ( NNP Backer ) ( NNP Spielvogel ) ( NN client ) ( NNP Avis ) ( NNP Inc. ) ) ) ( CONJP ( RB as ) ( RB well ) ( IN as ) ) ( PP ( IN at ) ( NP ( NNS Saatchi ) ( NN client ) ( NNP Philips ) ( NNP Lighting ) ( NNP Co. ) ) ) ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBD saw ) ( NP ( DT no ) ( NN effect ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Executives at Prudential-Bache Securities Inc. a Backer Spielvogel client that is reviewing its account declined comment

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS Executives ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Prudential-Bache ) ( NNP Securities ) ( NNP Inc. ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NNP Backer ) ( NNP Spielvogel ) ( NN client ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG reviewing ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN account ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD declined ) ( NP ( NN comment ) ) ) )


Mr. Spielvogel had said that Prudential-Bache was prepared to finance either a management buy-out and restructuring or a buy-out of Backer Spielvogel alone led by him

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Spielvogel ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNP Prudential-Bache ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADJP-PRD ( VBN prepared ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB finance ) ( NP ( NP ( CC either ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN management ) ( NN buy-out ) ( CC and ) ( NN restructuring ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN buy-out ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Backer ) ( NNP Spielvogel ) ) ( ADVP ( RB alone ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBN led ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( PRP him ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Ad Notes


NEW ACCOUNT


California 's Glendale Federal Bank awarded its 12 million to 15 million account to the Los Angeles office of Omnicom Group 's BBDO agency

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP California ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP Glendale ) ( NNP Federal ) ( NNP Bank ) ) ( VP ( VBD awarded ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( ADJP ( QP ( CD 12 ) ( CD million ) ( TO to ) ( CD 15 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( NN account ) ) ( PP-DTV ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Los ) ( NNP Angeles ) ( NN office ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Omnicom ) ( NNP Group ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP BBDO ) ( NN agency ) ) ) ) ) ) )


The account was previously handled by Davis Ball & Colombatto Advertising Inc. a Los Angeles agency

( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT The ) ( NN account ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB previously ) ) ( VP ( VBN handled ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( NNP Davis ) ( NNP Ball ) ( CC & ) ( NNP Colombatto ) ( NNP Advertising ) ( NNP Inc. ) ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NNP Los ) ( NNP Angeles ) ( NN agency ) ) ) ) ) ) )


ACCOUNT REVIEW

( NP-HLN ( NNP ACCOUNT ) ( NNP REVIEW ) )


Royal Crown Cola Co. has ended its relationship with the Boston office of Hill Holliday Connors Cosmopulos

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Royal ) ( NNP Crown ) ( NNP Cola ) ( NNP Co. ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN ended ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN relationship ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Boston ) ( NN office ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Hill ) ( NNP Holliday ) ( NNP Connors ) ( NNP Cosmopulos ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


The account had billed about 6 million in 1988 according to Leading National Advertisers

( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN account ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBN billed ) ( NP ( QP ( RB about ) ( CD 6 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD 1988 ) ) ) ( PP ( VBG according ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NNP Leading ) ( NNP National ) ( NNP Advertisers ) ) ) ) ) ) )


NOT-GUILTY PLEA

( NP-HLN ( JJ NOT-GUILTY ) ( NN PLEA ) )


As expected Young & Rubicam Inc. along with two senior executives and a former employee pleaded not guilty in federal court in New Haven Conn. to conspiracy and racketeering charges

( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN As ) ( S ( VP ( VBN expected ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Young ) ( CC & ) ( NNP Rubicam ) ( NNP Inc. ) ) ( ADVP ( IN along ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( CD two ) ( JJ senior ) ( NNS executives ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ former ) ( NN employee ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD pleaded ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB not ) ( JJ guilty ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ federal ) ( NN court ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP New ) ( NNP Haven ) ) ( NP ( NNP Conn. ) ) ) ) ( PP-1 ( TO to ) ( NP ( NN conspiracy ) ( CC and ) ( NN racketeering ) ( NNS charges ) ) ) ) )


The government has charged that they bribed Jamaican officials to win the Jamaica Tourist Board ad account in 1981

( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN government ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN charged ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBD bribed ) ( NP ( JJ Jamaican ) ( NNS officials ) ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB win ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Jamaica ) ( NNP Tourist ) ( NNP Board ) ( NN ad ) ( NN account ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD 1981 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


A spokesman for the U.S. Attorney 's office said extradition proceedings are just beginning for the other two defendants in the case Eric Anthony Abrahams former Jamaican tourism minister and Jamaican businessman Arnold Foote Jr

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT A ) ( NN spokesman ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ( NNP Attorney ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN office ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN extradition ) ( NNS proceedings ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( ADVP ( RB just ) ) ( VBG beginning ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ other ) ( CD two ) ( NNS defendants ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN case ) ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NNP Eric ) ( NNP Anthony ) ( NNP Abrahams ) ) ( NP ( JJ former ) ( JJ Jamaican ) ( NN tourism ) ( NN minister ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ Jamaican ) ( NN businessman ) ( NNP Arnold ) ( NNP Foote ) ( NNP Jr ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


KOREAN AGENCY


The Samsung Group and Bozell Inc. agreed to establish a joint venture advertising agency in South Korea

( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( DT The ) ( NNP Samsung ) ( NNP Group ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNP Bozell ) ( NNP Inc. ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD agreed ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB establish ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ joint ) ( NN venture ) ( NN advertising ) ( NN agency ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP South ) ( NNP Korea ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Bozell Cheil Corp. as the new agency will be called will be based in Seoul and is 70 % owned by Samsung and 30 % owned by Bozell

( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NP ( NNP Bozell ) ( NNP Cheil ) ( NNP Corp. ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN as ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( JJ new ) ( NN agency ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN called ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN based ) ( PP-LOC-CLR ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Seoul ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VP ( NP-EXT ( CD 70 ) ( NN % ) ) ( VBN owned ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NNP Samsung ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( NP-EXT ( CD 30 ) ( NN % ) ) ( VBN owned ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NNP Bozell ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Samsung already owns Korea First Advertising Co. that country 's largest agency

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Samsung ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB already ) ) ( VP ( VBZ owns ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Korea ) ( NNP First ) ( NNP Advertising ) ( NNP Co. ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT that ) ( NN country ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJS largest ) ( NN agency ) ) ) ) )


Bozell joins Backer Spielvogel Bates and Ogilvy Group as U.S. agencies with interests in Korean agencies

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Bozell ) ) ( VP ( VBZ joins ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Backer ) ( NNP Spielvogel ) ( NNP Bates ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNP Ogilvy ) ( NNP Group ) ) ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP U.S. ) ( NNS agencies ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS interests ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ Korean ) ( NNS agencies ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


It was Friday the 13th and the stock market plummeted nearly 200 points

( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( NP-PRD ( NNP Friday ) ( DT the ) ( NNP 13th ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN stock ) ( NN market ) ) ( VP ( VBD plummeted ) ( NP-EXT ( QP ( RB nearly ) ( CD 200 ) ) ( NNS points ) ) ) ) )


Just a coincidence

( FRAG ( NP ( RB Just ) ( DT a ) ( NN coincidence ) ) )


Or is triskaidekaphobia fear of the number 13 justified

( SQ ( CC Or ) ( VBZ is ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NN triskaidekaphobia ) ) ( PRN ( NP ( NP ( NN fear ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN number ) ) ( NP ( CD 13 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( VBN justified ) ) )


In academia a so-called Friday the 13th effect has been set up and shot down by different professors

( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( NN academia ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT a ) ( JJ so-called ) ( NAC ( NNP Friday ) ( DT the ) ( NNP 13th ) ) ( NN effect ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VP ( VBN set ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBD shot ) ( PRT ( RP down ) ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( JJ different ) ( NNS professors ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Robert Kolb and Ricardo Rodriguez professors of finance at the University of Miami found evidence that the market is spooked by Friday the 13th

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( NNP Robert ) ( NNP Kolb ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNP Ricardo ) ( NNP Rodriguez ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS professors ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN finance ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP University ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Miami ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD found ) ( NP ( NN evidence ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( NN market ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBN spooked ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NNP Friday ) ( DT the ) ( NNP 13th ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


But their study which spanned the 1962-85 period has since been shown to be jinxed by an unlucky choice of data

( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NN study ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-87 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD spanned ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD 1962-85 ) ( NN period ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB since ) ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBN shown ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN jinxed ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ unlucky ) ( NN choice ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS data ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


In the '70s the market took falls nine times in a row on Friday the you-know-what

( S ( PP-TMP ( IN In ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS '70s ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN market ) ) ( VP ( VBD took ) ( NP ( NNS falls ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NP ( CD nine ) ( NNS times ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN row ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NNP Friday ) ( DT the ) ( NN you-know-what ) ) ) ) )


But the date tends to be a plus not a minus for stocks according to Yale Hirsch a collector of stock market lore

( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( NN date ) ) ( VP ( VBZ tends ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN plus ) ) ( RB not ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN minus ) ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NNS stocks ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( VBG according ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Yale ) ( NNP Hirsch ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN collector ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN stock ) ( NN market ) ( NN lore ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Another study found that the 82 Fridays the 13th in the 1940-1987 period had higher than average returns higher even than Fridays in general which tend to be strong days for stock prices

( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT Another ) ( NN study ) ) ( VP ( VBD found ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD 82 ) ( NAC ( NNP Fridays ) ( DT the ) ( JJ 13th ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD 1940-1987 ) ( NN period ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( NP ( NP ( ADJP ( JJR higher ) ( IN than ) ( JJ average ) ) ( NNS returns ) ) ( ADJP ( ADJP ( JJR higher ) ( RB even ) ) ( PP ( IN than ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NNPS Fridays ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( ADJP ( JJ general ) ) ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP tend ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( JJ strong ) ( NNS days ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN stock ) ( NNS prices ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


On the only other Friday the 13th this year the Dow Jones Industrial Average rose about four points

( S ( PP-TMP ( IN On ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ only ) ( JJ other ) ( NNP Friday ) ( DT the ) ( NNP 13th ) ) ( NP-TMP ( DT this ) ( NN year ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNP Dow ) ( NNP Jones ) ( NNP Industrial ) ( NNP Average ) ) ( VP ( VBD rose ) ( NP-EXT ( QP ( RB about ) ( CD four ) ) ( NNS points ) ) ) )


Professor Kolb says the original study titled Friday the 13th Part VII was published tongue-in-cheek

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Professor ) ( NNP Kolb ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ original ) ( NN study ) ) ( VP ( VBN titled ) ( S ( NP-TTL-PRD ( NP ( NNP Friday ) ( DT the ) ( NNP 13th ) ) ( NP ( NNP Part ) ( NNP VII ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN published ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB tongue-in-cheek ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


In a similar vein he adds that the anniversary of the 1987 crash and Saturday 's full moon could have played a part too in Friday 's market activity

( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ similar ) ( NN vein ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBZ adds ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN anniversary ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD 1987 ) ( NN crash ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Saturday ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ full ) ( NN moon ) ) ) ( VP ( MD could ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( VP ( VBN played ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN part ) ) ( ADVP ( RB too ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Friday ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN market ) ( NN activity ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Weatherford International Inc. said it canceled plans for a preferred-stock swap but may resume payment of dividends on the stock and added that it expects to publicly offer about 10 million common shares

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Weatherford ) ( NNP International ) ( NNP Inc. ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBD canceled ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS plans ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN preferred-stock ) ( NN swap ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( VP ( MD may ) ( VP ( VB resume ) ( NP ( NP ( NN payment ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS dividends ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN stock ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBD added ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ expects ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( ADVP-MNR ( RB publicly ) ) ( VB offer ) ( NP ( QP ( RB about ) ( CD 10 ) ( CD million ) ) ( JJ common ) ( NNS shares ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


The company said it planned to offer an undetermined number of common shares in exchange for the 585,000 shares of its preferred stock outstanding

( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN company ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBD planned ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB offer ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ undetermined ) ( NN number ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ common ) ( NNS shares ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NN exchange ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD 585,000 ) ( NNS shares ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( JJ preferred ) ( NN stock ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ outstanding ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


The exchange ratio was never established

( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT The ) ( NN exchange ) ( NN ratio ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB never ) ) ( VP ( VBN established ) ) ) )


Weatherford said market conditions led to the cancellation of the planned exchange

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Weatherford ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN market ) ( NNS conditions ) ) ( VP ( VBD led ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN cancellation ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ planned ) ( NN exchange ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


The energy-services concern said however that in January 1990 it may resume payments of dividends on the preferred stock

( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNS energy-services ) ( NN concern ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( ADVP ( RB however ) ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP January ) ( CD 1990 ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( MD may ) ( VP ( VB resume ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS payments ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS dividends ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ preferred ) ( NN stock ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Weatherford suspended its preferred-dividend payment in October 1985 and said it has n't any plans to catch up on dividends in arrears about 6 million but will do so some time in the future

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Weatherford ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBD suspended ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( JJ preferred-dividend ) ( NN payment ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP October ) ( CD 1985 ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( RB n't ) ( NP ( DT any ) ( NNS plans ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB catch ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS dividends ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS arrears ) ) ( NP-ADV ( QP ( RB about ) ( CD 6 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB do ) ( ADVP-PRD ( RB so ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NP ( DT some ) ( NN time ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN future ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Additionally the company said it filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the proposed offering of 10 million shares of common stock expected to be offered in November

( S ( ADVP ( RB Additionally ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN company ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBD filed ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Securities ) ( CC and ) ( NNP Exchange ) ( NNP Commission ) ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ proposed ) ( NN offering ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 10 ) ( CD million ) ) ( NNS shares ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ common ) ( NN stock ) ) ) ( VP ( VBN expected ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN offered ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP November ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


The company said Salomon Brothers Inc. and Howard Weil Labouisse Friedrichs Inc. underwriters for the offering were granted an option to buy as much as an additional 1.5 million shares to cover over-allotments

( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN company ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NP ( NNP Salomon ) ( NNP Brothers ) ( NNP Inc. ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNP Howard ) ( NNP Weil ) ( NNP Labouisse ) ( NNP Friedrichs ) ( NNP Inc. ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS underwriters ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN offering ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( VP ( VBN granted ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN option ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB buy ) ( NP ( NP ( RB as ) ( JJ much ) ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ additional ) ( QP ( CD 1.5 ) ( CD million ) ) ( NNS shares ) ) ) ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB cover ) ( NP ( NNS over-allotments ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Proceeds will be used to eliminate and restructure bank debt

( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNS Proceeds ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN used ) ( S-CLR ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB eliminate ) ( CC and ) ( VB restructure ) ( NP ( NN bank ) ( NN debt ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Weatherford currently has approximately 11.1 million common shares outstanding

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Weatherford ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB currently ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( RB approximately ) ( CD 11.1 ) ( CD million ) ) ( JJ common ) ( NNS shares ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ outstanding ) ) ) ) )


On a recent Saturday night in the midst of West Germany 's most popular prime-time show a contestant bet the host that she could name any of 100 different cheeses after just one nibble while blindfolded

( S ( PP-TMP ( IN On ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ recent ) ( NNP Saturday ) ( NN night ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN midst ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP West ) ( NNP Germany ) ( POS 's ) ) ( ADJP ( JJS most ) ( JJ popular ) ) ( NN prime-time ) ( NN show ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT a ) ( NN contestant ) ) ( VP ( VBD bet ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN host ) ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( PRP she ) ) ( VP ( MD could ) ( VP ( VB name ) ( NP ( NP ( DT any ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( CD 100 ) ( JJ different ) ( NNS cheeses ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN after ) ( NP ( RB just ) ( CD one ) ( NN nibble ) ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( IN while ) ( S ( VP ( JJ blindfolded ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


The woman won the bet

( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN woman ) ) ( VP ( VBD won ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN bet ) ) ) )


But perhaps even more remarkable the three-hour-show Wetten Dass Make a Bet regularly wins the top slot in the country 's TV ratings sometimes drawing as many as 50 % of West German households

( S ( CC But ) ( S-ADV ( ADVP ( RB perhaps ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( ADVP ( RB even ) ( RBR more ) ) ( JJ remarkable ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN three-hour-show ) ) ( NP ( NP-TTL ( FW Wetten ) ( FW Dass ) ) ( PRN ( S ( VP ( NNP Make ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NNP Bet ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( ADVP-MNR ( RB regularly ) ) ( VBZ wins ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ top ) ( NN slot ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN country ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN TV ) ( NNS ratings ) ) ) ) ( S-ADV ( ADVP-TMP ( RB sometimes ) ) ( VP ( VBG drawing ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( RB as ) ( JJ many ) ( IN as ) ( CD 50 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( ADJP ( JJ West ) ( JJ German ) ) ( NNS households ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


As the 1992 economic integration approaches Europe 's cultural curators have taken to the ramparts against American cultural imperialism threatening to impose quotas against such pop invaders as Dallas Miami Vice and L.A. Law

( S ( SBAR-TMP ( IN As ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( CD 1992 ) ( JJ economic ) ( NN integration ) ) ( VP ( NNS approaches ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NNP Europe ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ cultural ) ( NNS curators ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN taken ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS ramparts ) ) ) ( PP ( IN against ) ( NP ( JJ American ) ( JJ cultural ) ( NN imperialism ) ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG threatening ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB impose ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS quotas ) ) ( PP ( IN against ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ such ) ( JJ pop ) ( NNS invaders ) ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( NP ( NP-TTL ( NNP Dallas ) ) ( NP-TTL ( NNP Miami ) ( NNP Vice ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP-TTL ( NNP L.A. ) ( NNP Law ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


But much of what the Europeans want to protect seems every bit as cheesy as what they are trying to keep out

( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( JJ much ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( SBAR-NOM ( WHNP-1 ( WP what ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( DT the ) ( NNPS Europeans ) ) ( VP ( VBP want ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB protect ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ seems ) ( ADJP-PRD ( ADJP ( NP ( DT every ) ( NN bit ) ) ( RB as ) ( JJ cheesy ) ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( SBAR-NOM ( WHNP-4 ( WP what ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-3 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG trying ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB keep ) ( PRT ( RP out ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


The most militant opposition to American TV imports has come from French television and movie producers who have demanded quotas ensuring that a full 60 % of Europe 's TV shows be produced in Europe

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( ADJP ( RBS most ) ( JJ militant ) ) ( NN opposition ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( JJ American ) ( NN TV ) ( NNS imports ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN come ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ French ) ( NN television ) ( CC and ) ( NN movie ) ( NNS producers ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN demanded ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS quotas ) ) ( VP ( VBG ensuring ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ full ) ( CD 60 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Europe ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN TV ) ( NNS shows ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN produced ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Europe ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


So far the French have failed to win enough broad-based support to prevail

( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB So ) ( RB far ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( NNPS French ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN failed ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB win ) ( NP ( JJ enough ) ( JJ broad-based ) ( NN support ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB prevail ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


A glance through the television listings and a few twists of the European television dial suggest one reason why

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( DT A ) ( NN glance ) ) ( PP ( IN through ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN television ) ( NNS listings ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ few ) ( NNS twists ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ European ) ( NN television ) ( NN dial ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP suggest ) ( NP ( NP ( CD one ) ( NN reason ) ) ( FRAG ( WHADVP ( WRB why ) ) ) ) ) )


While there are some popular action and drama series few boast the high culture and classy production values one might expect

( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN While ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( EX there ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( NP-PRD ( DT some ) ( JJ popular ) ( NN action ) ( CC and ) ( NN drama ) ( NN series ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( JJ few ) ) ( VP ( VBP boast ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ high ) ( NN culture ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ classy ) ( NN production ) ( VBZ values ) ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP one ) ) ( VP ( MD might ) ( VP ( VB expect ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


More European air time is filled with low-budget game shows variety hours movies and talk shows many of which are authorized knock-offs of their American counterparts

( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( JJR More ) ( JJ European ) ( NN air ) ( NN time ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBN filled ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ low-budget ) ( NX ( NX ( NN game ) ( NNS shows ) ) ( NX ( NN variety ) ( NNS hours ) ) ( NX ( NNS movies ) ) ( CC and ) ( NX ( NN talk ) ( NNS shows ) ) ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( NP ( JJ many ) ) ( WHPP ( IN of ) ( WHNP ( WDT which ) ) ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP are ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( VBN authorized ) ( JJ knock-offs ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NNP American ) ( NNS counterparts ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


One of France 's most popular Saturday night programs features semi-celebrities seeking out their grammar-school classmates for on-air reunions

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( CD One ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP France ) ( POS 's ) ) ( ADJP ( RBS most ) ( JJ popular ) ) ( NNP Saturday ) ( NN night ) ( NNS programs ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ features ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS semi-celebrities ) ) ( VP ( VBG seeking ) ( PRT ( RP out ) ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NN grammar-school ) ( NNS classmates ) ) ( PP-PRP ( IN for ) ( NP ( JJ on-air ) ( NNS reunions ) ) ) ) ) ) )


A Flemish game show has as its host a Belgian pretending to be Italian

( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT A ) ( JJ Flemish ) ( NN game ) ( NN show ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( PP-LOC-CLR ( RB as ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN host ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NNP Belgian ) ) ( VP ( VBG pretending ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ Italian ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


One of Italy 's favorite shows Fantastico a tepid variety show is so popular that viewers clamored to buy a chocolate product Cacao Fantastico whose praises were sung each week by dancing showgirls even though the product did n't exist

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( CD One ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Italy ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ favorite ) ( NNS shows ) ) ) ) ( NP-TTL ( NNP Fantastico ) ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ tepid ) ( NN variety ) ( NN show ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( ADJP ( RB so ) ( JJ popular ) ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-3 ( NNS viewers ) ) ( VP ( VBD clamored ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB buy ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN chocolate ) ( NN product ) ) ( NP ( NNP Cacao ) ( NNP Fantastico ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( WP$ whose ) ( NNS praises ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD were ) ( VP ( VBN sung ) ( NP-TMP ( DT each ) ( NN week ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( VBG dancing ) ( NNS showgirls ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( RB even ) ( IN though ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN product ) ) ( VP ( VBD did ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB exist ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Topping the cheese stunt on another typical evening of fun on Wetten Dass a contestant won a bet with the show 's host Thomas Gottschalk that he could identify 300 German dialects over the telephone

( S ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG Topping ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN cheese ) ( NN stunt ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( DT another ) ( JJ typical ) ( NN evening ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN fun ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN on ) ( NP-TTL ( FW Wetten ) ( FW Dass ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT a ) ( NN contestant ) ) ( VP ( VBD won ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN bet ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN show ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN host ) ) ( NP ( NNP Thomas ) ( NNP Gottschalk ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-2 ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( MD could ) ( VP ( VB identify ) ( NP ( CD 300 ) ( JJ German ) ( NNS dialects ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN over ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN telephone ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


A celebrity guest U.S. Ambassador to West Germany Richard Burt also won a bet that someone could pile up 150 worth of quarters on a slanted coin

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT A ) ( NN celebrity ) ( NN guest ) ) ( NP ( NAC ( NNP U.S. ) ( NNP Ambassador ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NNP West ) ( NNP Germany ) ) ) ) ( NNP Richard ) ( NNP Burt ) ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VBD won ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN bet ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN someone ) ) ( VP ( MD could ) ( VP ( VB pile ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 150 ) ( NN worth ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS quarters ) ) ) ) ( PP-LOC-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ slanted ) ( NN coin ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Mr. Burt nonetheless paid the penalty as if he had lost agreeing to spend a day with West German Foreign Minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher frying and selling their combined weight in potato pancakes

( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Burt ) ) ( ADVP ( RB nonetheless ) ) ( VP ( VBD paid ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN penalty ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN as ) ( IN if ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBN lost ) ) ) ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG agreeing ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB spend ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN day ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NNP West ) ( NNP German ) ( NNP Foreign ) ( NNP Minister ) ( NNP Hans-Dietrich ) ( NNP Genscher ) ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBG frying ) ( CC and ) ( VBG selling ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( JJ combined ) ( NN weight ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN potato ) ( NNS pancakes ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


If this seems like pretty weak stuff around which to raise the protectionist barriers it may be because these shows need all the protection they can get

( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN If ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT this ) ) ( VP ( VBZ seems ) ( PP-PRD ( IN like ) ( NP ( NP ( ADJP ( RB pretty ) ( JJ weak ) ) ( NN stuff ) ) ( SBAR ( WHPP-2 ( IN around ) ( WHNP ( WDT which ) ) ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB raise ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ protectionist ) ( NNS barriers ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( MD may ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( SBAR-PRP-PRD ( IN because ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT these ) ( NNS shows ) ) ( VP ( VBP need ) ( NP ( NP ( PDT all ) ( DT the ) ( NN protection ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ( VP ( VB get ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


European programs usually target only their own local audience and often only a small portion of that

( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ European ) ( NNS programs ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB usually ) ) ( VP ( VBP target ) ( NP ( NP ( RB only ) ( PRP$ their ) ( JJ own ) ( JJ local ) ( NN audience ) ) ( CC and ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB often ) ) ( NP ( NP ( RB only ) ( DT a ) ( JJ small ) ( NN portion ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT that ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Mega-hits in Germany or Italy rarely make it even to France or Great Britain and almost never show up on U.S. screens

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS Mega-hits ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Germany ) ( CC or ) ( NNP Italy ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VP ( ADVP-TMP ( RB rarely ) ) ( VBP make ) ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ( PP-DIR ( ADVP ( RB even ) ) ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP France ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( NNP Great ) ( NNP Britain ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( ADVP-TMP ( RB almost ) ( RB never ) ) ( VBP show ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN on ) ( NP ( NNP U.S. ) ( NNS screens ) ) ) ) ) )


Attempts to produce pan-European programs have generally resulted in disappointment

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Attempts ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB produce ) ( NP ( JJ pan-European ) ( NNS programs ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( ADVP ( RB generally ) ) ( VP ( VBN resulted ) ( PP-CLR ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN disappointment ) ) ) ) ) )


One annual co-production the three-hour-long Eurovision Song Contest featuring soft-rock songs from each of 20 European countries has been described as the world 's most boring TV show

( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( CD One ) ( JJ annual ) ( NN co-production ) ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ three-hour-long ) ( NX-TTL ( NNP Eurovision ) ( NNP Song ) ( NNP Contest ) ) ) ( VP ( VBG featuring ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ soft-rock ) ( NNS songs ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( DT each ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( CD 20 ) ( JJ European ) ( NNS countries ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBN described ) ( PP-CLR ( IN as ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN world ) ( VBZ 's ) ) ( ADJP ( RBS most ) ( JJ boring ) ) ( NN TV ) ( NN show ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Another Jeux Sans Frontieres where villagers from assorted European countries make fools of themselves performing pointless tasks is a hit in France

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT Another ) ) ( NP-TTL ( FW Jeux ) ( FW Sans ) ( FW Frontieres ) ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-2 ( WRB where ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NNS villagers ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( JJ assorted ) ( JJ European ) ( NNS countries ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP make ) ( NP ( NNS fools ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN of ) ( NP ( PRP themselves ) ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG performing ) ( NP ( JJ pointless ) ( NNS tasks ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( DT a ) ( NN hit ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP France ) ) ) ) )


A U.S.-made imitation under the title Almost Anything Goes flopped fast

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT A ) ( JJ U.S.-made ) ( NN imitation ) ) ( PP ( IN under ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN title ) ) ( S-TTL ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Almost ) ( NNP Anything ) ) ( VP ( NNP Goes ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD flopped ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB fast ) ) ) )


For the most part what 's made here stays here and for good reason

( S ( PP ( IN For ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJS most ) ( NN part ) ) ) ( SBAR-NOM-SBJ ( WHNP-1 ( WP what ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( VP ( VBN made ) ( ADVP-LOC ( RB here ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ stays ) ( ADVP-LOC-PRD ( RB here ) ) ( PRN ( CC and ) ( PP-PRP ( IN for ) ( NP ( JJ good ) ( NN reason ) ) ) ) ) )


The cream of the British crop the literary dramas that are shown on U.S. public television as Masterpiece Theater make up a relatively small part of British air time

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN cream ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ British ) ( NN crop ) ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ literary ) ( NN dramas ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN shown ) ( PP-LOC ( IN on ) ( NP ( NNP U.S. ) ( JJ public ) ( NN television ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN as ) ( NP-TTL ( NNP Masterpiece ) ( NNP Theater ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP make ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( RB relatively ) ( JJ small ) ) ( NN part ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ British ) ( NN air ) ( NN time ) ) ) ) ) )


Most British programming is more of an acquired taste

( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJS Most ) ( JJ British ) ( NN programming ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( JJR more ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ acquired ) ( NN taste ) ) ) ) ) )


There is for instance One Man and His Dog a herding contest among sheep dogs

( S ( NP-SBJ ( EX There ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN instance ) ) ) ( NP-PRD ( NP-TTL ( NP ( CD One ) ( NN Man ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( PRP$ His ) ( NNP Dog ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN herding ) ( NN contest ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN among ) ( NP ( NN sheep ) ( NNS dogs ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Also riveting to the British are hours of dart-throwing championships even more hours of lawn bowling contests and still more hours of snooker marathons

( SINV ( ADVP ( RB Also ) ) ( ADJP-PRD-TPC-1 ( JJ riveting ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNPS British ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( NNS hours ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN dart-throwing ) ( NNS championships ) ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( ADJP ( RB even ) ( JJR more ) ) ( NNS hours ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN lawn ) ( NN bowling ) ( NNS contests ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( ADJP ( RB still ) ( JJR more ) ) ( NNS hours ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN snooker ) ( NNS marathons ) ) ) ) ) )


European drama has had better though still mixed fortunes

( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ European ) ( NN drama ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN had ) ( NP ( JJR better ) ( PRN ( SBAR-ADV ( IN though ) ( FRAG ( ADJP ( RB still ) ( JJ mixed ) ) ) ) ) ( NNS fortunes ) ) ) ) )


The most popular such shows focus on narrow national concerns

( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( ADJP ( RBS most ) ( JJ popular ) ) ( JJ such ) ( NNS shows ) ) ( VP ( VBP focus ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( JJ narrow ) ( JJ national ) ( NNS concerns ) ) ) ) )


A French knock-off of Dallas called Chateauvallon and set in a French vineyard had a good run in France which ended after the female lead was injured in a real-life auto accident

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT A ) ( JJ French ) ( NN knock-off ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP-TTL ( NNP Dallas ) ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBN called ) ( S ( NP-TTL-PRD ( NNP Chateauvallon ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBN set ) ( PP-LOC-CLR ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ French ) ( NN vineyard ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ good ) ( NN run ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP France ) ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD ended ) ( SBAR-TMP ( IN after ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( JJ female ) ( NN lead ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN injured ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ real-life ) ( NN auto ) ( NN accident ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Schwarzwaldklinik Black Forest Clinic a kind of German St Elsewhere set in a health spa is popular in Germany and has spread into France

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP-TTL ( NNP Schwarzwaldklinik ) ) ( PRN ( NP ( NNP Black ) ( NNP Forest ) ( NNP Clinic ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN kind ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP German ) ( NX-TTL ( NNP St ) ( NNP Elsewhere ) ) ) ( VP ( VBN set ) ( PP-LOC-CLR ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN health ) ( NN spa ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ popular ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Germany ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN spread ) ( PP-DIR ( IN into ) ( NP ( NNP France ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Italy 's most popular series is a drama called La Piovra or The Octopus which chronicles the fight of an idealistic young investigator in Palermo against the Mafia

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Italy ) ( POS 's ) ) ( ADJP ( RBS most ) ( JJ popular ) ) ( NN series ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN drama ) ) ( VP ( VBN called ) ( S ( NP-PRD ( NP-TTL ( FW La ) ( FW Piovra ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP-TTL ( NNP The ) ( NNP Octopus ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ chronicles ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN fight ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ idealistic ) ( JJ young ) ( NN investigator ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Palermo ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN against ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Mafia ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


It was front-page news in Italy earlier this year when the fictional inspector was gunned down in the series

( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( NP-PRD ( JJ front-page ) ( NN news ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Italy ) ) ) ( NP-TMP ( RBR earlier ) ( DT this ) ( NN year ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( DT the ) ( JJ fictional ) ( NN inspector ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN gunned ) ( PRT ( RP down ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN series ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Spain 's most popular mini-series this year was Juncal the story of an aging bullfighter

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( NNP Spain ) ( POS 's ) ) ( ADJP ( RBS most ) ( JJ popular ) ) ( NN mini-series ) ) ( NP-TMP ( DT this ) ( NN year ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( NP-PRD ( NP-TTL ( NNP Juncal ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN story ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( VBG aging ) ( NN bullfighter ) ) ) ) ) ) )


The trend is pretty well established now that local programs are the most popular with American programs second says Brian Wenham a former director of programs for the British Broadcasting Corp

( SINV ( S-TPC-2 ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT The ) ( NN trend ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( ADVP-MNR ( RB pretty ) ( RB well ) ) ( VBN established ) ( SBAR-ADV ( RB now ) ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ local ) ( NNS programs ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( NP-PRD ( DT the ) ( ADJP ( RBS most ) ( JJ popular ) ) ) ( SBAR ( IN with ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ American ) ( NNS programs ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ second ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Brian ) ( NNP Wenham ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ former ) ( NN director ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS programs ) ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP British ) ( NNP Broadcasting ) ( NNP Corp ) ) ) ) ) )


Given a choice everybody will watch a home-produced show

( S ( PP ( VBN Given ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN choice ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NN everybody ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB watch ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ home-produced ) ( NN show ) ) ) ) )


But frequently there is n't much choice

( S ( CC But ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB frequently ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( EX there ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( RB n't ) ( NP-PRD ( JJ much ) ( JJ choice ) ) ) )


Thus Europe has begun the recent crusade to produce more worthy shows of its own programs with broader appeal

( S ( ADVP ( RB Thus ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Europe ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN begun ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ recent ) ( NN crusade ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB produce ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( JJR more ) ( JJ worthy ) ( NNS shows ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( JJ own ) ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS programs ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( JJR broader ) ( NN appeal ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


We 've basically got to start from scratch to train writers and producers to make shows that other people will want to see concedes Colin Young head of Britain 's National Film Theatre School

( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ-4 ( PRP We ) ) ( VP ( VBP 've ) ( ADVP ( RB basically ) ) ( VP ( VBD got ) ( S ( VP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB start ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NN scratch ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB train ) ( NP-5 ( NNS writers ) ( CC and ) ( NNS producers ) ) ( S-CLR ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB make ) ( NP ( NP ( VBZ shows ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-3 ( IN that ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( JJ other ) ( NNS people ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB want ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB see ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ concedes ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Colin ) ( NNP Young ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NN head ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Britain ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP National ) ( NNP Film ) ( NNP Theatre ) ( NNP School ) ) ) ) ) )


While some in the U.S. contend that advertising is the bane of television here many believe that its absence is to blame for the European TV industry 's sluggish development

( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN While ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT some ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP contend ) ( SBAR ( DT that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN advertising ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN bane ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN television ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( ADVP-LOC ( RB here ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( JJ many ) ) ( VP ( VBP believe ) ( SBAR ( DT that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP$ its ) ( NN absence ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( S-PRD ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB blame ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ European ) ( NN TV ) ( NN industry ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ sluggish ) ( NN development ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Until recently national governments in Europe controlled most of the air time and allowed little or no advertising

( S ( PP-TMP ( IN Until ) ( ADVP ( RB recently ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( JJ national ) ( NNS governments ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Europe ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBD controlled ) ( NP ( NP ( JJS most ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN air ) ( NN time ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBD allowed ) ( NP ( ADJP ( JJ little ) ( CC or ) ( DT no ) ) ( NN advertising ) ) ) ) )


Since production costs were guaranteed it did n't matter that a program could n't be sold abroad or put into syndication as most American programs are

( S ( SBAR-PRP ( IN Since ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NN production ) ( NNS costs ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( VP ( VBN guaranteed ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD did ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( NN matter ) ( SBAR-3 ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-4 ( DT a ) ( NN program ) ) ( VP ( MD could ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VP ( VBN sold ) ( ADVP-LOC ( RB abroad ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( VP ( VB put ) ( PP-PUT ( IN into ) ( NP ( NN syndication ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN as ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( JJS most ) ( JJ American ) ( NNS programs ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


But not much money was spent on the shows either a situation that encouraged cheap-to-make talk and game shows while discouraging expensive-to-produce dramas

( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( ADJP ( RB not ) ( JJ much ) ) ( NN money ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN spent ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS shows ) ) ) ( ADVP ( RB either ) ) ( NP-ADV ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN situation ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD encouraged ) ( NP ( JJ cheap-to-make ) ( NN talk ) ( CC and ) ( NN game ) ( NNS shows ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN while ) ( S ( VP ( VBG discouraging ) ( NP ( JJ expensive-to-produce ) ( NN dramas ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Now however commercial channels are coming to most European countries and at the same time satellite and cable technology is spreading rapidly

( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB Now ) ) ( ADVP ( RB however ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ commercial ) ( NNS channels ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG coming ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( JJS most ) ( JJ European ) ( NNS countries ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( PP-TMP ( IN at ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ same ) ( NN time ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NN satellite ) ( CC and ) ( NN cable ) ( NN technology ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG spreading ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB rapidly ) ) ) ) ) )


Just last week Greece authorized two commercial channels for the first time Spain earlier began to allow commercial television alongside its state channels

( S ( S ( NP-TMP ( RB Just ) ( JJ last ) ( NN week ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Greece ) ) ( VP ( VBD authorized ) ( NP ( CD two ) ( JJ commercial ) ( NNS channels ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ first ) ( NN time ) ) ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNP Spain ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RBR earlier ) ) ( VP ( VBD began ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB allow ) ( NP ( JJ commercial ) ( NN television ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN alongside ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN state ) ( NNS channels ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


The result is a new and huge appetite for programming

( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN result ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( JJ new ) ( CC and ) ( JJ huge ) ) ( NN appetite ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN programming ) ) ) ) ) )


But perhaps to the consternation of those calling for quotas most of this void is likely to be filled with the cheapest and most plentiful programming now available reruns usually of shows made in the U.S.

( S ( CC But ) ( PP ( ADVP ( RB perhaps ) ) ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN consternation ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT those ) ) ( VP ( VBG calling ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NNS quotas ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NP ( JJS most ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT this ) ( NN void ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ likely ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN filled ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( ADJP ( ADJP ( JJS cheapest ) ) ( CC and ) ( ADJP ( RBS most ) ( JJ plentiful ) ) ) ( NN programming ) ) ( ADJP ( RB now ) ( JJ available ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS reruns ) ) ( PP ( ADVP ( RB usually ) ) ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS shows ) ) ( VP ( VBN made ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Sky Channel a British-based venture of Australian-American press tycoon Rupert Murdoch offers what must be a baffling cultural mix to most of its audience

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Sky ) ( NNP Channel ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ British-based ) ( NN venture ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ Australian-American ) ( NN press ) ( NN tycoon ) ( NNP Rupert ) ( NNP Murdoch ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ offers ) ( SBAR-NOM ( WHNP-1 ( WP what ) ) ( S ( VP ( MD must ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( NP-PRD ( DT a ) ( JJ baffling ) ( JJ cultural ) ( NN mix ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( JJS most ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN audience ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


The financially struggling station offers programs obviously made available cheaply from its boss 's other ventures

( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( ADJP ( RB financially ) ( VBG struggling ) ) ( NN station ) ) ( VP ( VBZ offers ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS programs ) ) ( VP ( ADVP ( RB obviously ) ) ( VBN made ) ( S ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ available ) ) ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB cheaply ) ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN boss ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ other ) ( NNS ventures ) ) ) ) ) )


In a Madrid hotel room recently a viewer caught the end of a badly acted series about a fishing boat on Australia 's Great Barrier Reef only to be urged by the British announcer to stay tuned for the further adventures of Skippy the Kangaroo

( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NNP Madrid ) ( NN hotel ) ( NN room ) ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB recently ) ) ( NP-SBJ-2 ( DT a ) ( NN viewer ) ) ( VP ( VBD caught ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN end ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( RB badly ) ( VBN acted ) ) ( NN series ) ) ( PP ( IN about ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN fishing ) ( NN boat ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Australia ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP Great ) ( NNP Barrier ) ( NNP Reef ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( S-ADV ( ADVP ( RB only ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN urged ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( DT the ) ( JJ British ) ( NN announcer ) ) ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB stay ) ( S ( VP ( VBN tuned ) ) ) ( PP-PRP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ further ) ( NNS adventures ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Skippy ) ( DT the ) ( NNP Kangaroo ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Lisa Grishaw-Mueller in Bonn Laura Colby in Milan Tim Carrington in London and Carlta Vitzhum in Madrid contributed to this article

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( NNP Lisa ) ( NNP Grishaw-Mueller ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Bonn ) ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Laura ) ( NNP Colby ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Milan ) ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Tim ) ( NNP Carrington ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP London ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Carlta ) ( NNP Vitzhum ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Madrid ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD contributed ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT this ) ( NN article ) ) ) ) )


Time magazine in a move to reduce the costs of wooing new subscribers is lowering its circulation guarantee to advertisers for the second consecutive year increasing its subscription rates and cutting back on merchandise giveaways

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Time ) ( NN magazine ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN move ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB reduce ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS costs ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG wooing ) ( NP ( JJ new ) ( NNS subscribers ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VP ( VBG lowering ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN circulation ) ( NN guarantee ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NNS advertisers ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ second ) ( JJ consecutive ) ( NN year ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBG increasing ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN subscription ) ( NNS rates ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBG cutting ) ( PRT ( RP back ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( NN merchandise ) ( NNS giveaways ) ) ) ) ) ) )


In an announcement to its staff last week executives at Time Warner Inc. 's weekly magazine said Time will dramatically de-emphasize its use of electronic giveaways such as telephones in television subscription drives cut the circulation it guarantees advertisers by 300,000 to four million and increase the cost of its annual subscription rate by about 4 to 55

( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN announcement ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN staff ) ) ) ( NP-TMP ( JJ last ) ( NN week ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS executives ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Time ) ( NNP Warner ) ( NNP Inc. ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ weekly ) ( NN magazine ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Time ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VP ( ADVP-MNR ( RB dramatically ) ) ( VB de-emphasize ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN use ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ electronic ) ( NNS giveaways ) ) ( PP ( JJ such ) ( IN as ) ( NP ( NNS telephones ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN television ) ( NN subscription ) ( NNS drives ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VB cut ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN circulation ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ guarantees ) ( NP ( NNS advertisers ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-EXT ( IN by ) ( NP ( CD 300,000 ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( QP ( CD four ) ( CD million ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VB increase ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN cost ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( JJ annual ) ( NN subscription ) ( NN rate ) ) ) ) ( PP-EXT ( IN by ) ( NP ( QP ( RB about ) ( CD 4 ) ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( CD 55 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


In a related development the news-weekly for the fourth year in a row said it wo n't increase its advertising rates in 1990 a full four-color page in the magazine costs about 120,000

( S ( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ related ) ( NN development ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN news-weekly ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ fourth ) ( NN year ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN row ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( MD wo ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB increase ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN advertising ) ( NNS rates ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD 1990 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ full ) ( JJ four-color ) ( NN page ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN magazine ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ costs ) ( NP ( QP ( RB about ) ( CD 120,000 ) ) ) ) ) )


However because the guaranteed circulation base is being lowered ad rates will be effectively 7.5 % higher per subscriber according to Richard Heinemann Time associate publisher

( S ( ADVP ( RB However ) ) ( SBAR-PRP ( IN because ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( VBN guaranteed ) ( NN circulation ) ( NN base ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG being ) ( VP ( VBN lowered ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NN ad ) ( NNS rates ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADVP ( RB effectively ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( NP ( NP ( CD 7.5 ) ( NN % ) ) ) ( JJR higher ) ( PP-2 ( IN per ) ( NP ( NN subscriber ) ) ) ) ( PP ( VBG according ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Richard ) ( NNP Heinemann ) ) ( NP ( NNP Time ) ( JJ associate ) ( NN publisher ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Time is following the course of some other mass-circulation magazines that in recent years have challenged the publishing myth that maintaining artificially high and expensive circulations is the way to draw advertisers

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Time ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG following ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN course ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT some ) ( JJ other ) ( JJ mass-circulation ) ( NNS magazines ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( IN that ) ) ( S ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ recent ) ( NNS years ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN challenged ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN publishing ) ( NN myth ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( S-NOM-SBJ ( VP ( VBG maintaining ) ( NP ( ADJP ( ADJP ( RB artificially ) ( JJ high ) ) ( CC and ) ( ADJP ( JJ expensive ) ) ) ( NNS circulations ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN way ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB draw ) ( NP ( NNS advertisers ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


In recent years Reader 's Digest New York Times Co. 's McCall 's and most recently News Corp. 's TV Guide have cut their massive circulation rate bases to eliminate marginal circulation and hold down rates for advertisers

( S ( PP-TMP ( IN In ) ( NP ( JJ recent ) ( NNS years ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NP ( NNP Reader ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP Digest ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP New ) ( NNP York ) ( NNP Times ) ( NNP Co. ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP McCall ) ( POS 's ) ) ( CC and ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RBS most ) ( RB recently ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP News ) ( NNP Corp. ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP TV ) ( NNP Guide ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN cut ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( JJ massive ) ( NN circulation ) ( NN rate ) ( NNS bases ) ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VP ( VB eliminate ) ( NP ( JJ marginal ) ( NN circulation ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VB hold ) ( PRT ( RP down ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS rates ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NNS advertisers ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Deep discounts in subscriptions and offers of free clock radios and watches have become accepted forms of attracting new subscribers in the hyper-competitive world of magazine news-weeklies

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( JJ Deep ) ( NNS discounts ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNS subscriptions ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS offers ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ free ) ( NX ( NX ( NN clock ) ( NNS radios ) ) ( CC and ) ( NX ( NNS watches ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN become ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( JJ accepted ) ( NNS forms ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG attracting ) ( NP ( JJ new ) ( NNS subscribers ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ hyper-competitive ) ( NN world ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN magazine ) ( NNS news-weeklies ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


But Time as part of the more cost-conscious Time Warner wants to wean itself away from expensive gimmicks

( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNP Time ) ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( NP ( NP ( NN part ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( ADJP ( RBR more ) ( JJ cost-conscious ) ) ( NNP Time ) ( NNP Warner ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ wants ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB wean ) ( NP ( PRP itself ) ) ( ADVP-DIR ( RB away ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( NP ( JJ expensive ) ( NNS gimmicks ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Besides Time executives think selling a news magazine with a clock radio is tacky

( S ( ADVP ( RB Besides ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Time ) ( NNS executives ) ) ( VP ( VBP think ) ( SBAR ( S ( S-NOM-SBJ ( VP ( VBG selling ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN news ) ( NN magazine ) ) ( PP-MNR ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN clock ) ( NN radio ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ tacky ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Giveaways just give people the wrong image said Mr. Heinemann

( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Giveaways ) ) ( VP ( ADVP ( RB just ) ) ( VBP give ) ( NP ( NNS people ) ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ wrong ) ( NN image ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Heinemann ) ) )


That perception takes the focus off the magazine

( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT That ) ( NN perception ) ) ( VP ( VBZ takes ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN focus ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN off ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN magazine ) ) ) ) )


Time magazine executives predictably paint the circulation cut as a show of strength and actually a benefit to advertisers

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Time ) ( NN magazine ) ( NNS executives ) ) ( ADVP ( RB predictably ) ) ( VP ( VBP paint ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN circulation ) ( NN cut ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN as ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN show ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN strength ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( RB actually ) ( DT a ) ( NN benefit ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NNS advertisers ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


What we are doing is screening out the readers who are only casually related to the magazine and do n't really read it said Mr. Heinemann

( SINV ( S-TPC-3 ( SBAR-NOM-SBJ ( WHNP-2 ( WP What ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP we ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG doing ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( S-NOM-PRD ( VP ( VBG screening ) ( PRT ( RP out ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS readers ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( ADVP ( RB only ) ( RB casually ) ) ( VBN related ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN magazine ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBP do ) ( RB n't ) ( ADVP ( RB really ) ) ( VP ( VB read ) ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Heinemann ) ) )


We are trying to create quality and involvement

( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP We ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG trying ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB create ) ( NP ( NN quality ) ( CC and ) ( NN involvement ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


However Time executives used the same explanation when in October 1988 the magazine cut its guaranteed circulation from 4.6 million to 4.3 million

( S ( ADVP ( RB However ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Time ) ( NNS executives ) ) ( VP ( VBD used ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ same ) ( NN explanation ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP October ) ( CD 1988 ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN magazine ) ) ( VP ( VBD cut ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( VBN guaranteed ) ( NN circulation ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 4.6 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 4.3 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


And Time 's paid circulation according to Audit Bureau of Circulations dropped 7.3 % to 4,393,237 in the six months ended June 30 1989

( S ( CC And ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Time ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ paid ) ( NN circulation ) ) ( PP ( VBG according ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Audit ) ( NNP Bureau ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Circulations ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD dropped ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 7.3 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( CD 4,393,237 ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD six ) ( NNS months ) ) ( VP ( VBD ended ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP June ) ( CD 30 ) ( CD 1989 ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Still Time 's move is being received well once again

( S ( ADVP ( RB Still ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NNP Time ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN move ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG being ) ( VP ( VBN received ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB well ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB once ) ( RB again ) ) ) ) ) )


It 's terrific for advertisers to know the reader will be paying more said Michael Drexler national media director at Bozell Inc. ad agency

( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( PRP It ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ terrific ) ) ( SBAR-2 ( IN for ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS advertisers ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB know ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN reader ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBG paying ) ( NP ( JJR more ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Michael ) ( NNP Drexler ) ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ national ) ( NNS media ) ( NN director ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NNP Bozell ) ( NNP Inc. ) ( NN ad ) ( NN agency ) ) ) ) ) )


A few drops in circulation are of no consequence

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT A ) ( JJ few ) ( NNS drops ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN circulation ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( PP-PRD ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT no ) ( NN consequence ) ) ) ) )


It 's not a show of weakness they are improving the quality of circulation while insuring their profits

( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( RB not ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN show ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN weakness ) ) ) ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG improving ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN quality ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN circulation ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( IN while ) ( S ( VP ( VBG insuring ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NNS profits ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Mr. Heinemann said the changes represent a new focus in the magazine industry a magazine 's net revenue per subscriber or the actual revenue from subscribers after discounts and the cost of premiums have been stripped away

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Heinemann ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNS changes ) ) ( VP ( VBP represent ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ new ) ( NN focus ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN magazine ) ( NN industry ) ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN magazine ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ net ) ( NN revenue ) ) ( PP ( IN per ) ( NP ( NN subscriber ) ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ actual ) ( NN revenue ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NNS subscribers ) ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( IN after ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NNS discounts ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN cost ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS premiums ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBN stripped ) ( PRT ( RP away ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


The question is how much are we getting from each reader said Mr. Heinemann

( SINV ( S-TPC-2 ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN question ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( SBARQ-PRD ( WHNP-1 ( WRB how ) ( JJ much ) ) ( SQ ( VBP are ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP we ) ) ( VP ( VBG getting ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( NP ( DT each ) ( NN reader ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Heinemann ) ) )


Time 's rivals news-weeklies Washington Post Co. 's Newsweek and U.S. News & World Report are less reliant on electronic giveaways and in recent years both have been increasing their circulation rate bases

( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( NNP Time ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNS rivals ) ( NNS news-weeklies ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NNP Washington ) ( NNP Post ) ( NNP Co. ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP Newsweek ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNP U.S. ) ( NNP News ) ( CC & ) ( NNP World ) ( NNP Report ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RBR less ) ( JJ reliant ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( JJ electronic ) ( NNS giveaways ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ recent ) ( NNS years ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT both ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBG increasing ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NN circulation ) ( NN rate ) ( NNS bases ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Both magazines are expected to announce their ad rates and circulation levels for 1990 within a month

( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT Both ) ( NNS magazines ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN expected ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB announce ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NX ( NX ( NN ad ) ( NNS rates ) ) ( CC and ) ( NX ( NN circulation ) ( NNS levels ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( CD 1990 ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN within ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN month ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


The Second U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals opinion in the Arcadian Phosphate case did not repudiate the position Pennzoil Co. took in its dispute with Texaco contrary to your Sept. 8 article Court Backs Texaco 's View in Pennzoil Case Too Late

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NAC ( DT The ) ( NNP Second ) ( NNP U.S. ) ( NNP Circuit ) ( NNP Court ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Appeals ) ) ) ) ( NN opinion ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Arcadian ) ( NNP Phosphate ) ( NN case ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD did ) ( RB not ) ( VP ( VB repudiate ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN position ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Pennzoil ) ( NNP Co. ) ) ( VP ( VBD took ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN dispute ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NNP Texaco ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( ADVP ( JJ contrary ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ your ) ( NNP Sept. ) ( CD 8 ) ( NN article ) ) ( S-TTL ( NP-SBJ ( NN Court ) ) ( VP ( VBZ Backs ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Texaco ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN View ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Pennzoil ) ) ( NN Case ) ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB Too ) ( RB Late ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


The fundamental rule of contract law applied to both cases was that courts will not enforce agreements to which the parties did not intend to be bound

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( JJ fundamental ) ( NN rule ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN contract ) ( NN law ) ) ) ( VP ( VBN applied ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT both ) ( NNS cases ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( SBAR-PRD ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS courts ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( RB not ) ( VP ( VB enforce ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS agreements ) ) ( SBAR ( WHPP-3 ( TO to ) ( WHNP ( WDT which ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( DT the ) ( NNS parties ) ) ( VP ( VBD did ) ( RB not ) ( VP ( VB intend ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN bound ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


In the Pennzoil\/Texaco litigation the courts found Pennzoil and Getty Oil intended to be bound in Arcadian Phosphates they found there was no intention to be bound

( S ( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Pennzoil\/Texaco ) ( NN litigation ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNS courts ) ) ( VP ( VBD found ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-3 ( NP ( NNP Pennzoil ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNP Getty ) ( NNP Oil ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD intended ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN bound ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( S ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Arcadian ) ( NNP Phosphates ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBD found ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( EX there ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( NP-PRD ( DT no ) ( NN intention ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN bound ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Admittedly the principle in the cases is the same

( S ( ADVP ( RB Admittedly ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN principle ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS cases ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( DT the ) ( JJ same ) ) ) )


But the outcome of a legal dispute almost always turns on the facts

( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN outcome ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ legal ) ( NN dispute ) ) ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB almost ) ( RB always ) ) ( VP ( VBZ turns ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS facts ) ) ) ) )


And the facts as found by the various courts in these two lawsuits were different

( S ( CC And ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNS facts ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN as ) ( S ( VP ( VBN found ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( DT the ) ( JJ various ) ( NNS courts ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT these ) ( CD two ) ( NNS lawsuits ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ different ) ) ) )


When you suggest otherwise you leave the realm of reporting and enter the orbit of speculation

( S ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB When ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP you ) ) ( VP ( VBP suggest ) ( ADVP ( RB otherwise ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP you ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBP leave ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN realm ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN reporting ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VB enter ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN orbit ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN speculation ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Charles F. Vihon

( NP ( NNP Charles ) ( NNP F. ) ( NNP Vihon ) )


The U.S. which is finalizing its steel-import quotas is allocating a larger share of its steel market to developing and newly industrialized countries which have relatively unsubsidized steel industries

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG finalizing ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( JJ steel-import ) ( NNS quotas ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG allocating ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJR larger ) ( NN share ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN steel ) ( NN market ) ) ) ) ( PP-DTV ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( ADJP ( ADJP ( JJ developing ) ) ( CC and ) ( ADJP ( RB newly ) ( JJ industrialized ) ) ) ( NNS countries ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP have ) ( NP ( ADJP ( RB relatively ) ( JJ unsubsidized ) ) ( NN steel ) ( NNS industries ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Meanwhile the U.S. has negotiated a significant cut in Japan 's steel quota and made only a minor increase to the steel allotment for the European Community

( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB Meanwhile ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VP ( VBN negotiated ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ significant ) ( NN cut ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Japan ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN steel ) ( NN quota ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBN made ) ( NP ( NP ( RB only ) ( DT a ) ( JJ minor ) ( NN increase ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN steel ) ( NN allotment ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP European ) ( NNP Community ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Brazil similar to Mexico and South Korea is expected to negotiate a somewhat bigger share of the U.S. market than it had under the previous five-year steel quotas which expired Sept. 30

( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NP ( NNP Brazil ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ similar ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Mexico ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNP South ) ( NNP Korea ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBN expected ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB negotiate ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( RB somewhat ) ( JJR bigger ) ) ( NN share ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ( NN market ) ) ) ( SBAR ( IN than ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( PP-LOC ( IN under ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ previous ) ( JJ five-year ) ( NN steel ) ( NNS quotas ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD expired ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Sept. ) ( CD 30 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Brazil and Venezuela are the only two countries that have n't completed steel talks with the U.S. for the year ending Oct. 1 1990

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Brazil ) ( CC and ) ( NNP Venezuela ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ only ) ( CD two ) ( NNS countries ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP have ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VBN completed ) ( NP ( NP ( NN steel ) ( NNS talks ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ) ( PP-PRP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN year ) ) ( VP ( VBG ending ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Oct. ) ( CD 1 ) ( CD 1990 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


In recent years U.S. steelmakers have supplied about 80 % of the 100 million tons of steel used annually by the nation

( S ( PP-TMP ( IN In ) ( NP ( JJ recent ) ( NNS years ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP U.S. ) ( NNS steelmakers ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN supplied ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( RB about ) ( CD 80 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( QP ( CD 100 ) ( CD million ) ) ( NNS tons ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN steel ) ) ) ( VP ( VBN used ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB annually ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( DT the ) ( NN nation ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Of the remaining 20 % needed the steel-quota negotiations allocate about 15 % to foreign suppliers with the difference supplied mainly by Canada which is n't included in the quota program

( S ( PP-TPC-3 ( IN Of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( VBG remaining ) ( CD 20 ) ( NN % ) ) ( VP ( VBN needed ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN steel-quota ) ( NNS negotiations ) ) ( VP ( VBP allocate ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( RB about ) ( CD 15 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ) ( PP-DTV ( TO to ) ( NP ( JJ foreign ) ( NNS suppliers ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN with ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-4 ( DT the ) ( NN difference ) ) ( VP ( VBN supplied ) ( PP ( ADVP ( RB mainly ) ) ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( NNP Canada ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VBN included ) ( PP-LOC-CLR ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN quota ) ( NN program ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Other countries that do n't have formal steel quotas with the U.S. such as Taiwan Sweden and Argentina also have supplied steel

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( JJ Other ) ( NNS countries ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP do ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ formal ) ( NN steel ) ( NNS quotas ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( JJ such ) ( IN as ) ( NP ( NNP Taiwan ) ( NNP Sweden ) ( CC and ) ( NNP Argentina ) ) ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN supplied ) ( NP ( NN steel ) ) ) ) )


Some of these countries have in recent years made informal agreements with the U.S. that are similar to quotas

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT Some ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT these ) ( NNS countries ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ recent ) ( NNS years ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD made ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ informal ) ( NNS agreements ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ similar ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NNS quotas ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


The Bush administration earlier this year said it would extend steel quotas known as voluntary restraint agreements until March 31 1992

( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNP Bush ) ( NN administration ) ) ( NP-TMP ( RBR earlier ) ( DT this ) ( NN year ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB extend ) ( NP ( NP ( NN steel ) ( NNS quotas ) ) ( VP ( VBN known ) ( PP-CLR ( IN as ) ( NP ( JJ voluntary ) ( NN restraint ) ( NNS agreements ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP-CLR ( IN until ) ( NP ( NNP March ) ( CD 31 ) ( CD 1992 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


It also said it would use that two-and-a-half year period to work toward an international consensus on freeing up the international steel trade which has been notoriously managed subsidized and protected by governments

( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB use ) ( NP ( DT that ) ( ADJP ( JJ two-and-a-half ) ( NN year ) ) ( NN period ) ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB work ) ( PP-CLR ( IN toward ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ international ) ( NN consensus ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG freeing ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ international ) ( NN steel ) ( NN trade ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( ADVP-MNR ( RB notoriously ) ) ( VBN managed ) ( VBN subsidized ) ( CC and ) ( VBN protected ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NNS governments ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


The U.S. termed its plan a trade liberalization program despite the fact that it is merely an extension

( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ( VP ( VBD termed ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ its ) ( NN plan ) ) ( NP-PRD ( DT a ) ( NN trade ) ( NN liberalization ) ( NN program ) ) ) ( PP ( IN despite ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN fact ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( RB merely ) ( DT an ) ( NN extension ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Mexico which was one of the first countries to conclude its steel talks with the U.S. virtually doubled its quota to 0.95 % of the U.S. steel market from 0.48 % under the previous quotas

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Mexico ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD was ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( CD one ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ first ) ( NNS countries ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB conclude ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN steel ) ( NNS talks ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( ADVP ( RB virtually ) ) ( VBD doubled ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN quota ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 0.95 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ( NN steel ) ( NN market ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 0.48 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN under ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ previous ) ( NNS quotas ) ) ) ) ) ) )


South Korea which had 1.9 % under the previous quotas is set to get a small increase to about 1.95 %

( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NP ( NNP South ) ( NNP Korea ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD had ) ( NP ( CD 1.9 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN under ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ previous ) ( NNS quotas ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBN set ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB get ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ small ) ( NN increase ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( QP ( RB about ) ( CD 1.95 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


That increase rises to slightly more than 2 % of the U.S. market if a joint Korean-U.S. steel project is included

( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT That ) ( NN increase ) ) ( VP ( VBZ rises ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( RB slightly ) ( JJR more ) ( IN than ) ( CD 2 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ( NN market ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN if ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT a ) ( JJ joint ) ( NNP Korean-U.S. ) ( NN steel ) ( NN project ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBN included ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Meanwhile Brazil is expected to increase its allowance from the 1.43 % share it has had in recent years

( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB Meanwhile ) ) ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NNP Brazil ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBN expected ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB increase ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN allowance ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( ADJP ( CD 1.43 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NN share ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN had ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ recent ) ( NNS years ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


The EC and Japan the U.S. 's largest steel suppliers have n't been filling their quotas to the full extent

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( DT The ) ( NNP EC ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNP Japan ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJS largest ) ( NN steel ) ( NNS suppliers ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBG filling ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NNS quotas ) ) ( PP-EXT ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ full ) ( NN extent ) ) ) ) ) ) )


The EC steel industry which has been coping with strong European demand has been supplying about 5 % of the U.S. market compared with recent quotas of about 6.7 %

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NNP EC ) ( NN steel ) ( NN industry ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBG coping ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( JJ strong ) ( JJ European ) ( NN demand ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBG supplying ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( RB about ) ( CD 5 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ( NN market ) ) ) ( PP ( VBN compared ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ recent ) ( NNS quotas ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( QP ( RB about ) ( CD 6.7 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Japan has been shipping steel to total about 4.5 % of the U.S. market compared with a quota of 5.9 %

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Japan ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBG shipping ) ( NP ( NP ( NN steel ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB total ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( RB about ) ( CD 4.5 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ( NN market ) ) ) ( PP ( VBN compared ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN quota ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( CD 5.9 ) ( NN % ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


In the recent talks the EC had its quota increased about 300,000 tons to 7 % of the U.S. market from 6.7 % in 1988

( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ recent ) ( NNS talks ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNP EC ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ its ) ( NN quota ) ) ( VP ( VBN increased ) ( NP-EXT ( RB about ) ( CD 300,000 ) ( NNS tons ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 7 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ( NN market ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( CD 6.7 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD 1988 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


But its quota has been as high as 6.9 % in 1984

( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ its ) ( NN quota ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( ADJP-PRD ( ADJP ( RB as ) ( JJ high ) ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 6.9 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD 1984 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Japan however has agreed to cut its quota to about 5 % from 5.9 % previously

( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNP Japan ) ) ( ADVP ( RB however ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN agreed ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB cut ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN quota ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( QP ( RB about ) ( CD 5 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( CD 5.9 ) ( NN % ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB previously ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Japan the EC Brazil Mexico and South Korea provide about 80 % of the steel imported to the U.S. under the quota program

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Japan ) ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP EC ) ) ( NP ( NNP Brazil ) ) ( NP ( NNP Mexico ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNP South ) ( NNP Korea ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP provide ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( RB about ) ( CD 80 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN steel ) ) ( VP ( VBN imported ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN under ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN quota ) ( NN program ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


The balance is supplied by a host of smaller exporters such as Australia and Venezuela

( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT The ) ( NN balance ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBN supplied ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN host ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( JJR smaller ) ( NNS exporters ) ) ( PP ( JJ such ) ( IN as ) ( NP ( NNP Australia ) ( CC and ) ( NNP Venezuela ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


The U.S. had about an extra 2 % of the domestic steel market to give to foreign suppliers in its quota talks

( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( RB about ) ( DT an ) ( JJ extra ) ( CD 2 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ domestic ) ( NN steel ) ( NN market ) ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB give ) ( PP-DTV ( TO to ) ( NP ( JJ foreign ) ( NNS suppliers ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN quota ) ( NNS talks ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


That was essentially made up of a 1 % increase in the overall quota program and 1 % from cutting Japan 's allowance

( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT That ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADVP ( RB essentially ) ) ( VP ( VBN made ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( CD 1 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NN increase ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ overall ) ( NN quota ) ( NN program ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 1 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG cutting ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Japan ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN allowance ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Negotiators from the White House trade office will repeat these quota negotiations next year when they will have another 1 % of the U.S. steel market to allocate

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS Negotiators ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP White ) ( NNP House ) ( NN trade ) ( NN office ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB repeat ) ( NP ( DT these ) ( NN quota ) ( NNS negotiations ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NP ( IN next ) ( NN year ) ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-2 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( NP ( NP ( DT another ) ( CD 1 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ( NN steel ) ( NN market ) ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB allocate ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


These optional 1%-a-year increases to the steel quota program are built into the Bush administration 's steel-quota program to give its negotiators leverage with foreign steel suppliers to try to get them to withdraw subsidies and protectionism from their own steel industries

( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( DT These ) ( JJ optional ) ( JJ 1%-a-year ) ( NNS increases ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN steel ) ( NN quota ) ( NN program ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN built ) ( PP-CLR ( IN into ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Bush ) ( NN administration ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN steel-quota ) ( NN program ) ) ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB give ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NNS negotiators ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NN leverage ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( JJ foreign ) ( NN steel ) ( NNS suppliers ) ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB try ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB get ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP them ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB withdraw ) ( NP ( NNS subsidies ) ( CC and ) ( NN protectionism ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( JJ own ) ( NN steel ) ( NNS industries ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


With economic tension between the U.S. and Japan worsening many Japanese had feared last week 's visit from U.S. Trade Representative Carla Hills

( S ( PP ( IN With ) ( S-NOM ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( JJ economic ) ( NN tension ) ) ( PP ( IN between ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNP Japan ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBG worsening ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( JJ many ) ( VBP Japanese ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBN feared ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( JJ last ) ( NN week ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN visit ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NNP U.S. ) ( NNP Trade ) ( NNP Representative ) ( NNP Carla ) ( NNP Hills ) ) ) ) ) ) )


They expected a new barrage of demands that Japan do something quickly to reduce its trade surplus with the U.S.

( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP They ) ) ( VP ( VBD expected ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ new ) ( NN barrage ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS demands ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNP Japan ) ) ( VP ( VB do ) ( NP ( NN something ) ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB quickly ) ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB reduce ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN trade ) ( NN surplus ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Instead they got a discussion of the need for the U.S. and Japan to work together and of the importance of the long-term view

( S ( ADVP ( RB Instead ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBD got ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN discussion ) ) ( PP ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN need ) ( SBAR ( IN for ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNP Japan ) ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB work ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB together ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN importance ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ long-term ) ( NN view ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Mrs. Hills ' first trip to Japan as America 's chief trade negotiator had a completely different tone from last month 's visit by Commerce Secretary Robert A. Mosbacher

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( NNP Mrs. ) ( NNP Hills ) ( POS ' ) ) ( JJ first ) ( NN trip ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NNP Japan ) ) ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP America ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ chief ) ( NN trade ) ( NN negotiator ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( RB completely ) ( JJ different ) ) ( NN tone ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( JJ last ) ( NN month ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN visit ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP ( NNP Commerce ) ( NNP Secretary ) ( NNP Robert ) ( NNP A. ) ( NNP Mosbacher ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Mr. Mosbacher called for concrete results by next spring in negotiations over fundamental Japanese business practices that supposedly inhibit free trade

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Mosbacher ) ) ( VP ( VBD called ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ concrete ) ( NNS results ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN by ) ( NP ( JJ next ) ( NN spring ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS negotiations ) ) ( PP ( IN over ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ fundamental ) ( JJ Japanese ) ( NN business ) ( NNS practices ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( ADVP ( RB supposedly ) ) ( VP ( VBP inhibit ) ( NP ( JJ free ) ( NN trade ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


He said such results should be measurable in dollars and cents in reducing the U.S. trade deficit with Japan

( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP He ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ such ) ( NNS results ) ) ( VP ( MD should ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ measurable ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNS dollars ) ( CC and ) ( NNS cents ) ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG reducing ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ( NN trade ) ( NN deficit ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NNP Japan ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


But Mrs. Hills speaking at a breakfast meeting of the American Chamber of Commerce in Japan on Saturday stressed that the objective is not to get definitive action by spring or summer it is rather to have a blueprint for action

( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNP Mrs. ) ( NNP Hills ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG speaking ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN breakfast ) ( NN meeting ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP American ) ( NNP Chamber ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Commerce ) ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Japan ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NNP Saturday ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD stressed ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN objective ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( RB not ) ( S-PRD ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB get ) ( NP ( JJ definitive ) ( NN action ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN by ) ( NP ( NN spring ) ( CC or ) ( NN summer ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADVP ( RB rather ) ) ( S-PRD ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN blueprint ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN action ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


She added that she expected perhaps to have a down payment some small step to convince the American people and the Japanese people that we 're moving in earnest

( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP She ) ) ( VP ( VBD added ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP she ) ) ( VP ( VBD expected ) ( S ( ADVP ( RB perhaps ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ down ) ( NN payment ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT some ) ( JJ small ) ( NN step ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB convince ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ American ) ( NNS people ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ Japanese ) ( NNS people ) ) ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP we ) ) ( VP ( VBP 're ) ( VP ( VBG moving ) ( PP-MNR ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN earnest ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


How such remarks translate into policy wo n't become clear for months

( S ( SBAR-NOM-SBJ ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB How ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ such ) ( NNS remarks ) ) ( VP ( VBP translate ) ( PP-CLR ( IN into ) ( NP ( NN policy ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD wo ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB become ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ clear ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NNS months ) ) ) ) ) )


American and Japanese officials offered several theories for the difference in approach betwen Mr. Mosbacher and Mrs. Hills

( S ( NP-SBJ ( ADJP ( JJ American ) ( CC and ) ( JJ Japanese ) ) ( NNS officials ) ) ( VP ( VBD offered ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ several ) ( NNS theories ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN difference ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN approach ) ) ) ( PP ( NN betwen ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Mosbacher ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNP Mrs. ) ( NNP Hills ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


Many called it simply a contrast in styles

( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ Many ) ) ( VP ( VBD called ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( NP-PRD ( RB simply ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN contrast ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNS styles ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


But some saw it as a classic negotiating tactic

( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT some ) ) ( VP ( VBD saw ) ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN as ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ classic ) ( NN negotiating ) ( NN tactic ) ) ) ) )


Others said the Bush administration may feel the rhetoric on both sides is getting out of hand

( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Others ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNP Bush ) ( NN administration ) ) ( VP ( MD may ) ( VP ( VB feel ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN rhetoric ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT both ) ( NNS sides ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG getting ) ( ADVP-PRD ( IN out ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN hand ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )


And some said it reflected the growing debate in Washington over pursuing free trade with Japan versus some kind of managed trade

( S ( CC And ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT some ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBD reflected ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( VBG growing ) ( NN debate ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Washington ) ) ) ( PP ( IN over ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG pursuing ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( JJ free ) ( NN trade ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NNP Japan ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN versus ) ( NP ( NP ( DT some ) ( NN kind ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ managed ) ( NN trade ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )