SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
The new politics of welfare: towards an “emerging markets” welfare state regime

This research project aims to identify a new welfare regime in emerging market economies and explain why
it has emerged. The project will compare Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, South Africa and Turkey
to test two hypotheses: (i) emerging market economies are forming a new welfare regime that differs from
liberal, corporatist and social democratic welfare regimes of the global north on the basis of extensive and
decommodifying social assistance programmes, (ii) the new welfare regime emerges principally as a
response to the growing political power of the poor as a dual source of threat and support for governments.
Based on a comparative and interdisciplinary perspective, the project follows a multi-method strategy that
combines state-of-the-art computer-based protest event data collection techniques, macro-historical methods,
quantitative data analyses and qualitative content analysis. The project will radically expand the literatures
on welfare regimes, welfare state development and contentious politics, by challenging the existing
paradigms dominated by structuralist perspectives, a myopic focus on Western countries, and limited data
collection and analysis techniques. This project is genuinely innovative, unprecedented, ground-breaking,
ambitious and high-risk/high-gain in three ways: (i) it re-shapes the welfare regimes literatures as the first
study to classify and explain welfare systems of emerging markets as a new welfare regime and (ii) the
project demonstrates a causal link between changes in grassroots politics and welfare policies and challenge
the structuralist preponderance in the existing welfare state development literature (iii) it makes a prodigious
contribution to our empirical knowledge on contentious politics in emerging markets by creating the first
cross-national databases on protest event, employing state-of-the art computer methods, such as natural
language processing and machine learning, on newspaper archives.
Maturação de laranjas e tangerinas no sul do Brasil

A maturação de laranjas e tangerinas consiste em modificações fisiológicas, químicas e morfológicas na casca, na polpa e no suco, que são cruciais para determinar as épocas de colheita de cada variedade. O rato, relação entre a acidez e o teor de açúcar do suco, é o principal parâmetro físico-químico que define a época de colheita, mas o aspecto visual, em especial a coloração, também é importante. A colheita no sul do Brasil estende-se de abril a fevereiro para as laranjas e de fevereiro adezembro para as tangerinas, dependendo da variedade. Identificar os períodos de oferta de cada variedade é primordial para atender as demandas de consumo e obter os melhores retornos financeiros em períodos de baixa competividade com frutosde qualidade.
IMPROVEMENTS IN A DRYING DEVICE

The present invention provides a first embodiment of a drying device (90) that comprises upper and lower sheets (94, 96) of waterproof material, which sheets are rectangular in plan and are co-joined along peripheral side edges (98, 100), the sheets also being co-joined along a top edge portion (102) and a lower edge portion (104). The drying device (90) also comprises apertures (106) whereby, when the drying device (90) of the present invention is in use and is connected to an air blower, the tendency of the drying device (90) to billow upwardly is prevented by air from an air blower being allowed to escape through the apertures (106) to thereby maintain the drying device (90) in close proximity to a surface to be dried. The present invention also provides a second embodiment of a drying device (120) in which an elongate aperture (122) is provided with closure flaps whereby the length of the aperture (122) may be modified in order to regulate the escape of air so that the drying device (120) is prevented from billowing and thus the drying device (120) is maintained in close proximity to a surface to be dried.
Secure information processing in quantum networks

The promise of future quantum computers to substantially speed up computations has been advertised widely since the early days of the field. But there is a novel and fundamental aspect of devices based on quantum-mechanical principles that has just started to be explored: Quantum computers can preserve the privacy of computations. This aspect is a distinct new advantage of quantum computers over their classical counterparts. An entire class of unprecedented computations becomes feasible, in which the user data and the whole computation remain perfectly private – a feature impossible to achieve with classical computers. The main focus of this project is to exploit this feature and to implement secure photonic quantum information processing in distributed quantum networks. These networks consist of clients and small-scale quantum computers connected by communication channels. Photons are chosen as they are the ideal carriers for sending information over long distances. The clients can securely delegate computations to the quantum computers, such that neither the data nor the computation is revealed to the computers or any potential eavesdropper. The project will, first, elucidate how quantum resources boost the security of classical computations; second, demonstrate secure quantum computations over long distances and study their verification; and third, examine practical security aspects of implementations. The research will leverage the experimental state-of-the-art by adapting new photonic quantum technologies such as integrated photon sources and waveguide quantum circuits. Moreover, highly-efficient superconducting detectors will be applied to achieve excellent quantum control of the photons. This research is highly innovative and will be pivotal in the researcher’s career development and for becoming an independent research group leader, as it enables acquiring both key scientific knowledge and developing complementary skills.
A comparison of OpenURL link resolvers

AbstractOpen URL link resolvers are emerging technological tools designed to increase use of library collections by automating the process of locating and accessing library holdings. This study examines the system architecture and capabilities of commercially available OpenURL link resolvers to assess viable options for the University of Connecticut Libraries. Data for the study, largely experiential feedback received from libraries employing OpenURL link resolvers, were gathered through a series of evaluative activities. These included a preliminary literature review, Web survey, follow-up e-mail survey, and on-site visits to libraries. Results were analyzed within the context of the University of Connecticut Libraries' resources and needs. Analysis revealed wide variation in library experiences with and perception of product functionality and performance, as well as requisite staff and financial investments.
Fibres in ancient european textiles

FIBRANET will shed light to questions on the types of fibres used in ancient Europe, provide data to enhance future identification studies, and open up new paths of possibilities when considering probable answers to fibre identification inquiries. It will bring together conservation, science and archaeology to provide a new interdisciplinary methodology and new interdisciplinary evidence. My objectives are: 1 To produce new knowledge and get training. 2 To answer the research questions: What types of fibres were used in ancient Europe? How should fibre samples be collected? How can fibre deterioration be assimilated? What is the most appropriate analytical methodology? Test the hypotheses: Even similar fibres can be differentiated; Different deterioration mechanisms affect different fibres in specific ways. 3 To ensure sustainability of my results. In collaboration with CTR philologists I will identify fibre references in ancient texts. I will compile data and samples from plants and animals, measure and document fibre properties and morphology as extracted and processed. A unique feature is that the fibres will be treated to assimilate deterioration. Most important, I will create Fibranet, an online database, to make my results available to conservators, archaeologists, biologists, forensic scientists, artists, craftspeople. Fibre identification is the key element in ancient textile studies but surprisingly enough, insufficiently explored. Prolific work has been done in the past, often with inconclusive results mainly due to the rarity and poor condition of the finds, and the immense variety of fibres used locally since antiquity. As a textile conservator trained to detect and understand fibre degradation, I can carry out this highly specialised task. For the analyses, I will use optical and Scanning Electron microscopies, so that my methodology is reproducible. The demand to address these issues is compelling and my project is the only means to achieve that.
Modeling of lightly doped drain and source graphene nanoribbon field effect transistors

Abstract In this paper, to minimize the tunneling leakage current, we propose a graphene nanoribbon (GNR) field effect transistor (FET) using lightly doped drain and source (LDDS) between intrinsic channel region and highly doped source and drain regions. By using a nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) method, the transport characteristics of LDDS-GNRFET in comparison to those of conventional GNRFET are investigated. According to simulation results, LDDS-GNRFET with proper doping in LDDS regions, demonstrates much less leakage current, larger ON–OFF ratio ( I on /I off ), better subthreshold-swing (SS), no ambipolar characteristic, and better switching parameters. These advantages represent the proposed structure as a suitable candidate for low-power and high-speed applications.
Local perspectives of the ability of HIA stakeholder engagement to capture and reflect factors that impact Alaska Native health

Health impact assessment (HIA) is a process used to inform planning and decision making in a range of sectors by identifying potential positive and negative health effects of proposed projects, programs, or policies. Stakeholder engagement is an integral component of HIA and requires careful consideration of participant diversity and appropriate methodologies. Ensuring that the engagement process is able to capture and address Indigenous worldviews and definitions of health is important where Indigenous populations are impacted, particularly in northern regions experiencing increases in natural resource development activities on Indigenous lands.Investigate local participant perspectives of an HIA of a proposed Alaska coal mine, with a focus on the ability of the HIA process to capture, reflect, and address health concerns communicated by Alaska Native participants.A qualitative approach guided by semi-structured interviews with purposeful sampling to select key informants who participated in the coal mine HIA stakeholder engagement process.QUALITATIVE DATA IDENTIFIED THREE KEY THEMES AS IMPORTANT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ALASKA NATIVE PARTICIPANTS IN THE ALASKA COAL MINE HIA STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PROCESS: (i) the inability of the engagement process to recognize an Indigenous way of sharing or gathering information; (ii) the lack of recognizing traditional knowledge and its use for identifying health impacts and status; and (iii) the inability of the engagement process to register the relationship Indigenous people have with the environment in which they live. Issues of trust in the HIA process and of the HIA findings were expressed within each theme.Recommendations derived from the research identify the need to acknowledge and incorporate the history of colonialism and assimilation policies in an HIA when assessing health impacts of resource development on or near Indigenous lands. These historical contexts must be included in baseline conditions to understand particular vulnerabilities and potential health risks and impacts. Further, HIA practitioners should recognize the range of definitions for "health" and demonstrate this recognition throughout the stakeholder engagement process, as well as in the HIA recommendations and suggested mitigations.
Trash Screen For Side Entry Pit

A protection device for a side entry pit, device having a frame to clamp to the exposed edge of the cover of the pit, and a screen of chains attached to the frame and extending beneath the opening of the pit to prevent trash from entering the pit. The protection device also includes a screen to prevent debris such as dirt and gravel entering the pit, the device including a wire mesh supporting a material such as filter foam to prevent the debris entering the pit, while permitting the passage of water therethrough.
METHOD FOR CO-REFINING DRY URBAN WOOD CHIPS AND BLENDS OF DRY URBAN WOOD CHIPS AND THERMOPLASTIC RESINS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH QUALITY FIBERBOARD PRODUCTS

A method for making lignocellulose fibers, which may be optionally coated with a suitable thermoplastic, wherein the starting materials may be chosen from a wide variety of generally non-recyclable contaminated wood, paper, and/or plastic products. A mixture of the preferred lignocellulose material characterized by a relatively low moisture content and the desired thermoplastics is refined and comminuted in a steam atmosphere which is at a temperature, pressure, and duration sufficient to soften both the lignin within the wood chips and the thermoplastic polymer. The temperature of the steam atmosphere is relatively high because of the use of dry wood chips which do not result in excessive vaporization during heating. The comminution of the mixture occurs by auguring the mixture between counter-revolving dual refining discs in the elevated temperature, pressurized steam atmosphere. Upon passing through the dual revolving refining discs, the wood chips are continually abraded so as to result in the formation of fine fibers of the lignocellulose material, while the softened thermoplastics are concurrently refined so as to adhere uniformly around each of the abraded lignocellulose fibers. After passing through the refining discs, the fibers are cooled resulting in the formation of uniformly coated lignocellulose fibers, which may be used to form a variety of consolidated fiberboard products, such as by hot pressing or cold pressing operations.
Functional Connectivity Networks in Nonbothersome Tinnitus

Objective To assess functional connectivity in cortical networks in patients with nonbothersome tinnitus compared with a normal healthy nontinnitus control group by measuring low-frequency (&lt;0.1 Hz) spontaneous blood oxygenation level–dependent (BOLD) signals at rest. Design Case-control. Setting Academic medical center. Participants Nonbothersome, idiopathic subjective tinnitus for at least 6 months (n = 18) and a normal healthy nontinnitus control group (n = 23). Main Outcome Measure Functional connectivity differences in 58 a priori selected seed regions of interest encompassing cortical loci in the default mode, attention, auditory, visual, somatosensory, and cognitive networks. Results The median age of the 18 subjects was 54 years (interquartile range [IQR], 52-57), 66% were male, 90% were white, median Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) score was 8 (IQR, 4-14), and a median Beck Depression Index score was 1 (IQR, 0-5). The median age for the control group was 46 years (IQR, 39-54), and 52% were male. Of the 58 seeds analyzed, no regions had significantly different functional connectivity among the nonbothersome tinnitus group when compared with the control group. Conclusion Among nonbothersome tinnitus patients, the tinnitus percept does not appear to alter the functional connectivity of the auditory cortex or other key cortical regions. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01049828
MANAGING SECTORED CACHE

Apparatus, systems, and methods to manage memory operations are described. In one example, a controller comprises logic to receive a first transaction to operate on a first data element in the cache memory, perform a lookup operation for the first data element in the volatile memory and in response to a failed lookup operation, to generate a cache scrub hint forward the cache scrub hint to a cache scrub engine and identify one or more cache lines to scrub based at least in part on the cache scrub hint. Other examples are also disclosed and claimed.
Spin hall-based analog to digital encoder for ultra-compact sensor nodes

Low-power and compact analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is essential for sensor nodes as a link between the sensor and data processing. In restricted-area and high-speed sensors such as image sensors, each pixel needs a compact ADC for parallel data conversion. CMOS implementations of such ADCs have faced three challenges: 1) the difficulty of integrating ADCs with sensors in every pixel due to the large area of analog circuits exacerbated by poor scaling of analog circuits in CMOS, 2) the high static power of analog data converters, 3) limited resolution of CMOS ADC directly related to the process variations. Enormous effort has been devoted to addressing the challenges in such ADCs. Different types of ADCs from single-slope to delta-sigma have been investigated to achieve this, however, they are still far from the required area, resolution and power-density of the sensors. SHADE proposes a novel breakthrough approach benefiting from the small footprint of spintronics into the current ADC architectures. This has solutions for both voltage- and time-mode ADCs. SHADE will lead to at least three orders of magnitude smaller area in comparison with the state-of-the-art ADCs. The voltage-mode approach eliminates the memory array interfacing between the ADC and processor leading to a significant power-saving. SHADE is a major step towards filling the huge gap between the area of ADCs and the available pitch of pixels. The main objectives of this project are to characterize and model the behavior of the magnetic element containing both switching and oscillation features, design and simulation of both voltage- and time-mode quantizers through a developed model, adapting the quantizer with different types of ADCs usually used in sensors and fabrication and testing of ADCs. My experience in device modeling, integrated circuit design and spintronics together with expertise in the host and the secondment have put me in a unique position to run such a promising project.
We, the journalists of tomorrow

We were many things stepping into class in February. A nurse. A computer programmer, a couple of recently-graduated students. We could all have continued with our different lives, all of us, but we chose to come here. Made a decision to learn the craft. For some it is a pragmatic choice. A desire to be something journalist-like. A writer perhaps. Or a public relations demon. For most, however, there was a degree of idealism to this choice. An idea of the life we could have had, challenged by a life that we felt had meaning for us to pursue. The life we had lost.
The Factors that Influence Skin Penetration of Solutes

Abstract In this study, human skin permeation data are analysed using a number of physicochemical descriptors. It is shown that the equilibrium distribution of compounds between the stratum corneum and water (log Km) can be correlated with either water-octanol partition coefficients (log Poct) or Abraham solute descriptors. The latter reveals that partitioning of compounds is governed by solute size and hydrogen-bond acidity that favour the stratum corneum, and solute dipolarity/polarizability, and hydrogen-bond basicity that favour water. For water-skin permeation coefficient (log kp) data it is demonstrated that log Poct cannot be used as a descriptor across a wide range of chemical families, but that log kp can be correlated using Abraham solute descriptors. These disclose that log kp values are increased by solute size and decreased by solute dipolarity/polarizability, hydrogen-bond acidity and hydrogen-bond basicity. It is suggested that different solutes travel through the stratum corneum by the same route, which cannot be distinguished as an intercellular or transcellular mechanism. Backward skin permeation is examined and it is demonstrated that factors governing this process can be rationalized. Furthermore, it is shown that using the Abraham analysis, log Poct can be corrected to correlate log kp over a wide range of compounds. The determination of solute descriptors is also described, indicating that Abraham solute descriptors can be obtained by substructure summation and partition coefficient measurements, so that dermatological properties can be predicted for solutes without the necessity for synthesis.
The effect of current stressing and external loading on the growth of tin whiskers

Different current density and external loading were applied on pure Sn-plated surfaces to evaluate the effects of service conditions on the growth of tin(Sn) whiskers. The samples were aged at room temperature with an induced current density range of 0.1∼0.5×104A/cm2. Whiskers were found after 720 hrs aged at the room temperature and the maximum length was 2.0µm. While tin whiskers were much longer after current stress aged at the same conditions. With increased current density, intermetallic compounds (IMCs) grew at the interface between the Sn finish and Cu substrate. Accordingly, various lengths of columnar and bent whiskers were observed under all current stressing conditions for 240 hrs. At the same conditions, the higher current density induced longer whiskers. The current density effect on tin whisker growth at the anode is greater than cathode. The length of the whisker is 8.0µm on the surface of the sample with 0.5×104A/cm2 current density, which is about 4 times longer than the one aged at room temperature for 720 hrs without current stressing. In addition, these samples after current stressing were then applied alternating external force loading, the growth of tin whiskers can be significantly promoted.
Sustainable finance and the news media

On January 31, 2018, the High-Level Expert Group on Sustainable Finance (HLEG) of the European Commission published its final report with recommendations. However, despite recent global movements (e.g., UN Sustainable Development Goals), a broader societal change toward a more sustainable economic system has failed to materialize. One reason is that sustainable finance has not yet become an integral part of today’s (financial) narrative. Researchers in communication science have highlighted the pivotal role of the news media in inducing signs, symbols and meanings to spur interest for certain topics for many years (i.e., agenda-setting). Yet, research on the communication of sustainable finance is, up to now, non-existent. This research project will fill the research gap by investigating the role of the news media in raising public awareness and understanding of sustainable finance, and subsequently, European citizens’ motivation to engage and eventually implement sustainable finance in their daily lives. To do so, a Delphi study among financial journalists in Europe will give insights into role perceptions and gatekeeping processes in editorial offices when reporting on sustainable finance. Furthermore, a large-scale semi-automated content analysis of the coverage of sustainable finance in European financial news over the past 10 years will show how the topic has evolved over time (e.g., actors). Moreover, focus group discussions combined with an experimental survey among European citizens will inform the public about news media framing effects on individual’s attitudes and behavioural intentions vis-à-vis sustainable finance. Concluding, the proposed research project will not only educate financial experts, educators and communication experts on how to successfully communicate sustainable finance to the broader public, it also provides policy makers (e.g., HLEG) with highly relevant insights on how to engage European citizens for a greener economic future.