SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
The origen of gender inequality: nurture vs. nature and quantifying gender preference

Women continue to earn significantly less than men. This is true even in Scandinavia, a region long considered a forerunner in offering better opportunities for women to balance career and family. However, in recent decades progress towards gender equality has been slow. This has intrigued researchers and motivated public policies, such as gender quotas on corporate boards and parental leave earmarked to men, as in the recent EU proposal on work-life balance for parents and carers. 

In the past, a significant part of the gender pay gap could be explained by differences in human capital and discriminatory wage policies, but the reduction of gender differences in education and the implementation of anti-discrimination policies have not removed the pay gap. This calls for further knowledge in order to aid attempts to close the gap. A recent literature highlights the influence of gender identity and norms in shaping the gender pay gap.

In ORIGENDER, I aim to advance our knowledge of the role of gender norms in shaping the gender pay gap by answering two key questions: 1) Why are gender roles on the labour market still so traditional, particularly in families with children? 2) Can we quantify how much individuals value traditional gender roles? The answers are both academically interesting and key to the design of public policy.

A MSCA GF will give me the possibility to answer these questions by combining the skills and knowledge of two vibrant research environments: Prof. Henrik Kleven’s research group at Princeton University, and the Center of Economic Behavior and Inequality (CEBI) at the University of Copenhagen. Both institutions employ world-leading economists in the areas of public policy and causal identification using (big) data and, via CEBI, I will have a secure link to the unique Danish data infrastructure and population wide administrative data, enabling me to make significant leaps in our understanding compared to existing literature.
An Analysis of the Primary Energy Consumed by the Re-Liquefaction of Boil-off Gas of LNG Storage Tank

Abstract The pressure in liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage tank continues to increase due to the heat transfer from ambient air to low temperature LNG, which raises safety concerns. This research numerically analyzed the energy consumption of the re-liquefaction of BOG using the following four approaches: 1) a Claude cycle driven by electrical motor with the electricity produced by burning coal; 2) a Brayton cycle driven by a gas turbine fuelled by BOG released; 3) a Claude cycle driven by a SI engine fuelled by BOG; 4) using liquefied nitrogen produced in industry. With the efficiencies of the power system derived from industry data, the energy consumed of the re-liquefaction process was explored. The impact of heat transfer coefficient, LNG tank configuration, size, and percentage of LNG stored in tank on the rate of BOG and energy needed for the re-liquefaction of methane vapor were investigated. The primary energy ratio (PER), defined as the ratio of the energy recovered to the energy consumed, was examined and compared. The highest PER was observed using the Claude cycle driven by internal combustion engine fueled with BOG while the lowest PER was observed when BOG was cooled using liquefied nitrogen approach. The data presented in this paper provides the guideline for the management of pressure development in LNG storage tank and the design of accessory LNG storage system capable of re-liquefying the BOG gas to LNG.
Agronegócio Brasileiro: Desafios e Oportunidades para a Atuação do Administrador / Brazilian Agribusiness: Challenges and Opportunities for the Action of the Administrator

Resumo: Esse trabalho surgiu da necessidade de se investigar a importância do Administrador para a gestão das atividades no agronegócio e foi embasado na seguinte problemática: quais são os principais desafios e oportunidades encontrados pelos gestores à frente de empresas que atuam no agronegócio brasileiro? Para responder a esse questionamento, o presente artigo foi elaborado com o objetivo de apontar os principais desafios e as oportunidades que surgem para a atuação do administrador a frente de organizações que atuam no agronegócio brasileiro. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica exploratória e descritiva de caráter qualitativo, com o intuito de discorrer sobre os desafios que compõem os processos do agronegócio assim como apontar a contribuição do administrador para a melhoria destes processos. Nos resultados, constatou-se que os gestores encontram desafios quanto a gestão de custos, comunicação empresarial, falta de mão de obra qualificada, logística e infraestrutura; dai surgem as oportunidades, gestão da qualidade, gestão de custo, gestão de controle da produção, gestão de logística, gestão da cadeia de suprimentos.Palavras-Chave: Agronegócio. Desafios. Oportunidades.Abstract: This work arose from the need to investigate the importance of the Administrator for the management of activities in agribusiness and was based on the following problem: what are the main challenges and opportunities encountered by managers at the head of companies that operate in Brazilian agribusiness? To answer this question, this article was prepared with the objective of pointing out the main challenges and opportunities that arise for the performance of the administrator in front of organizations that work in Brazilian agribusiness. This is an exploratory and descriptive bibliographic research of a qualitative nature, with the aim of discussing the challenges that make up the agribusiness processes as well as pointing out the administrator's contribution to the improvement of these processes. In the results, it was found that managers face challenges regarding cost management, business communication, lack of qualified labor, logistics and infrastructure. Thus arise opportunities for quality management, cost management, production control management, logistics management, supply chain management.Keywords: Agribusiness. Challenges. Opportunities.
Austro-German exile in america 1930-45: interrogating the relationship between science, technology and modern selfhood in cultural and musical discourses.

This project examines the relationship between technology, selfhood, and modernity in the context of the music and thought of Austrian and German émigré musicians and cultural theorists in America from 1930 to 1945. The project looks beyond the boundaries of the nation state and the nexus of composer and musical work that tend to structure musicological enquiry. Instead, transnational historical methodologies will be used alongside primary archival research to join a timely conversation in musicology about the intersections between histories of music and science. In the era 1930-45, (Austro-)Germany and America were scientific powerhouses. Against the backdrop of mounting political turmoil, both generated ethically controversial scientific and technological research simultaneously liberating and malevolent: atomic technology, cosmology, radar, eugenics, transportation innovations. Technology necessarily shapes ideas of selfhood, and the mass displacement of Austrian and German intellectuals to the US after the rise of the National Socialists created a ‘culture of exile’ in which, as émigrés integrated within the new context, diverse attitudes to the relationship between science, technology, and formulations of the self began to interweave. Using musical collaborations, spectacles, and events to illuminate and explore the range and ambivalence of those attitudes, the project will furnish a more finely grained historical understanding of the disconnections between Germanic and American relationships to technology and selfhood in the period. The research outcomes during the fellowship will be a monograph, and two articles as part of substantial work on a second book. A further key objective will be to establish an international interdisciplinary academic network in the US, UK, and Germany for collaborative projects and conferences exploring technological and cultural/musical discourse, exile, and international mobility in the first half of the twentieth century.
A Pilot Study Regarding the Biomechanical Behaviour of Endosteal Implants

An endosteal implant is an alloplastic material surgically inserted into a residual bony ridge primarily as a prosthodontic foundation. Root form implants are the design most often used. Although many names have been applied, the 1988 National Institutes of Health consensus, statement on dental implants and the American Academy of Implant Dentistry recognized the term root form. Misch developed a generic language for endosteal implants in 1992. This language is presented in an order following the chronology of insertion to restoration. In formulating the terminology, five commonly used implant systems in the United States were referenced. Ten years later, the dramatic evolution in the implant market led to reconsideration of the terminology. At the moment, over 3000 different implant systems are on the market, but the comparative evaluation is not done by objective means.
Diversity of local pig breeds and production systems for high quality traditional products and sustainable pork chains

Research and development activities are proposed for the benefit of sustainable pork chains based on European local pig breeds and their production systems. Workprogramme is planned to respond to consumer demands for quality and healthiness of pork products with regional identity and societal demands for environment preservation and development of local agro-economy. Description and evaluation of local pig breeds, with an emphasis on untapped ones will be performed using novel genomic tools. Performance of local pig breeds will be evaluated in contrasted agro-geo-climatic conditions and production systems (indoor, outdoor, organic). Focus will be on pig feeding and management strategies and on the use of locally available feeding resources. Intrinsic quality of traditional and new regional high quality pork products and attitudes of consumers from various market areas will be assessed; in particular the motives for the choice and willingness to pay such products. Marketing strategies will be adressed in particular short chain distribution channels. All activities will be driven from the perspective of sustainability (environmental impact, animal welfare, product quality, consumer acceptability and market potential). The activities will engage innovative approaches to answer socio-economic demands of regional pork chains involving partners from different sectors. The ambition is to enhance existing and create new networks between academia and non-academia partners, within and between regions and to tackle the value chain for regional high quality pork products, focusing on diverse and so far untapped pig breeds, their production systems and pork products. Cross-fertilising interactions between research, local agriculture, businesses and end-users will be achieved with partners from these complementary sectors in all research and development activities.
Tuber Yield, Tuber Quality and Plant Water Status of Potato under Drought and Well Watered Condition

Four CIP potato clones with one check variety Asterix were grown during 2010-11 and 2011-12 at horticulture research farm of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University to observe the effect of water stress on yield and tuber quality of potato. The present study revealed that the tuber yields of all the genotypes were reduced by different degrees of drought. Genotype CIP 393371.58 and CIP 396244.12 performed better in severe drought condition produced higher yield per plant. The highest percent of small sized and deformed tuber was found in the CIP 391004.18 and Asterix under severe drought condition, whereas the normal sized tuber was found in CIP 396244.12 and CIP 393371.58. These two genotypes also maintained more relative water content (RWC) with higher xylem exudation rate under water stress condition than the susceptible genotypes. On the basis of tuber yield and plant water status under drought condition, the genotypes CIP 393371.58 and CIP 396244.12 could be drought tolerant.
High skew in the Caucasus: functional monogyny in the ant Leptothorax scamni

Animal societies vary considerably concerning how reproductive rights are partitioned among individual group members (“reproductive skew”). Nestmate queens of most polygynous species contribute more or less equally to the brood, but queens of a few species of the genus Leptothorax form dominance hierarchies in which only the top ranking queen lays eggs (“functional monogyny”). As predicted by optimal skew models, high skew appears to be associated with habitat patchiness. Here, we document functional monogyny in the Caucaso-Anatolian ant Leptothorax scamni (Ruzsky 1905). Similar to related species, young female sexuals mate on the ground near their natal nests and thereafter either disperse to found new colonies solitarily or in groups or return into their natal nest, where only one of several co-occurring queens reproduces. A phylogeny of Leptothorax species based on partial CO I sequences corroborates the view that functional monogyny has evolved convergently in several taxa of Leptothorax. It thus is a relatively labile trait that can rapidly adapt to habitat changes.
APPARATUS FOR MIXING AND BLENDING OF AN ADDITIVE MATERIAL INTO A FLUID AND METHOD

Apparatus and method in which a solid or liquid additive is dispensed within a mixing chamber for mixing with a fluid from the pressurized fluid flow line and is effective mixed in a vortex under vacuum while precluding contamination of the unused additive. It is therefore, a principle object of the present disclosure to provide an apparatus for mixing of an additive material into a fluid and method of use which includes a cylindrical mixing container, an additive supply unit, a linear actuator coupled to the additive supply unit and adapted to withdraw the additive supply unit from the cylindrical mixing container to a point above an isolating valve,
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR HIGH SPEED REVERSIBLE DATA ENCRYPTION

The present invention provides systems and methods for facilitating encryption and decryption of data. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, an encryption is located (201) to provide a located character (209) in the encryption key. The number of characters in the data is determined (217). The position of the located character in the encryption key is shifted by a predetermined amount to determine a shifted position of the located character in the encryption key. Accordingly, the shifted position is located at a position in the encryption key that is the located character shifted by the predetermined amount. A first character in the data is translated with the character located at the shifted position to provide an encrypted character. The shifting and translating are repeated for any remaining characters in the data to provide encrypted data. The encrypted data may be decrypted using the above process, so that the encryption is reversible.
Smart ways for in-situ totally integrated and continuous multisource generation of hydrogen

Solid Oxide Cells are efficient ways to convert variable electricity from renewables in green hydrogen. At the same time, they can be used in a reversible mode to enable the use of other sources (e.g. methane, bio-methane) to match a variable energy production with continuous and guaranteed production of hydrogen for contracted end uses. Switch will focus on the development of this specific solution and realize a mostly green and always secured production of hydrogen, heat and power. Core of the system is a reversible Solid Oxide module based on anode supported electrolyte, supported by an advanced fuel processing unit able to manage steam generation and methane reforming reactions at high efficiency and a purification unit to guarantee highly pure hydrogen in compliance with the main industrial and automotive standards. SWITCH project focuses on the demonstration of a 25kW (SOFC)/75kW (SOEC) system operating in a relevant industrial environment for at least 5000 hrs. Part of the activities will be focused on the issue of cost competitiveness and environmental impact, with the target of the hydrogen price lower than 5 €/kg. The basic solution will be designed to be up scalable to bigger sizes and thus reaching target applications in other different sectors such as industrial, residential and grid services. The modularity, low transient times, an integrated gas treatment unit and different modules combined in between SOFC and SOE mode will set a solution able to modulate between different sources and a flexible production of hydrogen, heat and power, with specific use cases considered.
Multi scale analysis of ITER pre-compression rings

Abstract The Pre-compression Rings of ITER (PCRs) represent one of the largest and most highly stressed composite structures ever designed for long term operation at 4 K. Six rings, each 5 m in diameter and 337 mm × 288 mm in cross-section, will be manufactured from S2 fiber-glass/epoxy composite and installed three at the top and three at the bottom of the eighteen D shaped toroidal field (TF) coils to apply a total centripetal pre-load of 70 MN per TF coil. The composite rings will be fabricated with a high content (65% by volume) of S2 fiber-glass in an epoxy resin matrix. During the manufacture emphasis will be placed on obtaining a structure with a very low void content and minimal presence of critical defects, such as delaminations. This paper presents a unified framework for the multi-scale analysis of the composite structure of the PCRs. A multi-scale analysis approach employing various scales of ABAQUS FEM models and other analysis tools have been used to calculate the response and performance of the rings over the design life of the structure. We have studied the effects of various defects on the performance of the rings under the operating temperatures and loading that will be applied to the PCRs. The results are presented here.
Conversations with Four Highly Productive Educational Psychologists: Patricia Alexander, Richard Mayer, Dale Schunk, and Barry Zimmerman

This article seeks to answer the questions: Who are the most productive and influential educational psychologists? What factors characterize these educational psychologists? And, what advice might they pass along to budding scholars? To determine the top educational psychologists, we surveyed the membership of Division 15 (Educational Psychology) in the American Psychological Association. The four top scholars were Patricia Alexander, Richard Mayer, Dale Schunk, and Barry Zimmerman. To determine characterizing factors, we used qualitative research methods that uncovered the scholars’ trademark characteristics, influences, time management practices, writing techniques, collaboration patterns, mentoring practices, and other intriguing aspects. Finally, we asked the top scholars what advice they might pass along to budding scholars.
Timing margin recovery with flexible flip-flop timing model

In timing signoff for leading-edge SOCs, even few-picosecond timing violations will not only increase design turnaround time, but also degrade design quality (e.g., through power increase from insertion of extra buffers). Conventional flip-flop timing models have fixed values of setup/hold times and clock-to-q (c2q) delay, with some advanced “setup-hold pessimism reduction” (SHPR) methodologies exploiting multiple setup-hold pairs in the timing model. In this work, we propose to use multiple timing models to give more flexibility at timing path boundaries, thus recovering significant “free” margins and reducing the number of timing violations that require unnecessary fixes. We exploit a flexible flip-flop timing model that captures the three-way tradeoff among setup time, hold time and c2q delay, so as to reduce pessimism in timing analysis of setup- or hold-critical paths. A sequential linear programming optimization for multiple corners is used to selectively analyze setup- or hold-critical paths with less pessimism. Further improvements are possible based on partitioning of timing paths according to different modes. We demonstrate that our method can improve worst setup/hold slack metrics over conventional signoff methods, using a set of open-source designs implemented in a 65nm foundry library. We show that opportunity for timing pessimism reduction with our approach remains significant in a 28nm FDSOI foundry library as well.
FRAGMENTOS DE UMA HISTÓRIA: Rick , seus objetivos e suas conquistas pelos movimentos dos olhos

O artigo tematiza a vida escolar e a preparação para escrever uma redação no ENEM de 2021/2022 de um jovem que emprega apenas os olhos para ler e para escrever, usuário de um notebook com mouse ocular, comprado com a colaboração da comunidade onde vive. Para essa preparação, um projeto de pesquisa e de extensão, financiado pela Pró-Reitoria da UNESP, foi posto em marcha por uma equipe composta por um professor pesquisador, por uma bolsista, por uma professora de educação especial, em Marília, SP no ano de 2020. Os encontros semanais com o aluno, presenciais no início, foram substituídos pelos remotos com a chegada da pandemia em março. Nos primeiros encontros, o jovem, aspirante a um curso superior de jornalismo, trocou informações sobre princípios argumentativos e persuasivos, e teve acesso a vídeos e artigos sobre temas debatidos na mídia. Aos poucos, as condições domésticas deixaram de ser adequadas para a continuidade dos trabalhos remotamente. Em janeiro 2021, embora inscrito, o aluno não participou do ENEM. Em março de 2021, esgotado o prazo do projeto, a equipe o orientou a matricular-se em um cursinho pré-vestibular gratuito organizado por alunos do campus da UNESP em Marília. Os fragmentos de esboços de um artigo de opinião sobre o racismo analisados neste artigo revelam que o jovem começava a desenvolver estruturas argumentativas, próprias de artigos de opinião, na abordagem de temas polêmicos.
Alojamiento de rehabilitación de energía Kapušin

Todas las medidas se refieren a una instalación destinada exclusivamente al alojamiento de los huéspedes y que está separada de la posada. El edificio es un edificio económicamente indivisible. La inversión incluye la instalación de bombas de calor, aislamiento de fachada, aislamiento ático, costes de contratistas externos, reconstrucción de la planta de calderas, calefacción por suelo radiante, planta de energía solar, instalación de limitadores de flujo de agua y la compra de una prensa de residuos.
Entanglement structures in qubit systems

Using measures of entanglement such as negativity and tangles we provide a detailed analysis of entanglement structures in pure states of non-interacting qubits. The motivation for this exercise primarily comes from holographic considerations, where entanglement is inextricably linked with the emergence of geometry. We use the qubit systems as toy models to probe the internal structure, and introduce some useful measures involving entanglement negativity to quantify general features of entanglement. In particular, our analysis focuses on various constraints on the pattern of entanglement which are known to be satisfied by holographic sates, such as the saturation of Araki-Lieb inequality (in certain circumstances), and the monogamy of mutual information. We argue that even systems as simple as few non-interacting qubits can be useful laboratories to explore how the emergence of the bulk geometry may be related to quantum information principles.