SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Under the surface: Pressure-induced planetary-scale waves, volcanic lightning, and gaseous clouds caused by the submarine eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano

We present a narrative of the eruptive events culminating in the cataclysmic January 15, 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Volcano by synthesizing diverse preliminary seismic, volcanological, sound wave, and lightning data available within the first few weeks after the eruption occurred. The first hour of eruptive activity produced fast-propagating tsunami waves, long-period seismic waves, loud audible sound waves, infrasonic waves, exceptionally intense volcanic lightning and an unsteady volcanic plume that transiently reached—at 58 ​km—the Earth's mesosphere. Energetic seismic signals were recorded worldwide and the globally stacked seismogram showed episodic seismic events within the most intense periods of phreatoplinian activity, and they correlated well with the infrasound pressure waveform recorded in Fiji. Gravity wave signals were strong enough to be observed over the entire planet in just the first few hours, with some circling the Earth multiple times subsequently. These large-amplitude, long-wavelength atmospheric disturbances come from the Earth's atmosphere being forced by the magmatic mixture of tephra, melt and gasses emitted by the unsteady but quasi-continuous eruption from 0402±1–1800 UTC on January 15, 2022. Atmospheric forcing lasted much longer than rupturing from large earthquakes recorded on modern instruments, producing a type of shock wave that originated from the interaction between compressed air and ambient (wavy) sea surface. This scenario differs from conventional ideas of earthquake slip, landslides, or caldera collapse-generated tsunami waves because of the enormous (∼1000x) volumetric change due to the supercritical nature of volatiles associated with the hot, volatile-rich phreatoplinian plume. The time series of plume altitude can be translated to volumetric discharge and mass flow rate. For an eruption duration of ∼12 ​h, the eruptive volume and mass are estimated at 1.9 ​km3 and ∼2 900 ​Tg, respectively, corresponding to a VEI of 5–6 for this event. The high frequency and intensity of lightning was enhanced by the production of fine ash due to magma—seawater interaction with concomitant high charge per unit mass and the high pre-eruptive concentration of dissolved volatiles. Analysis of lightning flash frequencies provides a rapid metric for plume activity and eruption magnitude. Many aspects of this eruption await further investigation by multidisciplinary teams. It represents a unique opportunity for fundamental research regarding the complex, non-linear behavior of high energetic volcanic eruptions and attendant phenomena, with critical implications for hazard mitigation, volcano forecasting, and first-response efforts in future disasters.
Audio-Visual system for the blind allowing visually impaired to see through hearing

According to the World Health Organization, there are approximately 285 M visually impaired around the world, of which 39 M are blind and 246 M have reduced vision. These figures are expected to increase drastically on coming years mainly due to the main risk factors sight damage 1) ageing of population and 2) increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes, which is mainly driven by excessive consumption of processed foods containing added sugars. 
Currently, blindness has no cure, and unfortunately, will not have it on the near future. As a result, the unique action that visually impaired can take is to use assistive devices to cope with their condition. The most widely used approach is the so-called cane together with guide dogs.  This devices are solely intended to avoid obstacles and navigate to locations that the dog is been trained for. However, these approaches have huge limitations singe are solely intended to avoid obstacles, not allowing blind to understand their environment. Eyesynth has developed for the first time an audio-visual system consisting of a glasses embedded with a pair of cameras that are able to accurately reconstruct a 3D scene and codify it into abstract and easy to understand audio for the blind. We can see it as an advanced sonar that stimulate certain brain zones allowing blind to associate spatial information with abstract sounds, being possible to interpret the environment with an unprecedented level of detail. 
We will sell our product first through a B2B approach, partnering with large organizations for blind, associations, ophthalmologist and optical stores. Once initial traction and product trustiness is achieved, we will move to B2C through online distribution By these means we will enter the global market for assistive technologies for visually impaired, which will grow at < CAGR of 7% until 2020, reaching a value of almost € 2,2Billion. We expect to achieve a turnover of €27,7M in 2013, generating 36 new employments.
La Peregrinación de San Nicolás. Geografía de una tradición centenaria

San Nicolás es uno de los santos más conocidos y queridos de la Iglesia cristiana por ser el Santo patrón de niños y jóvenes. El mito de San Nicolás y la ciudad italiana de Bari han sido una pareja inseparable desde hace más de mil años, es decir, desde que en 1087 las reliquias del obispo de Mira fueron trasladadas desde la actual Turquía a la capital de Apulia. Con el tiempo, se ha fortalecido un vínculo profundo entre la ciudad y su patrón, dando vida a una identidad simbiótica. A partir de la evolución histórica del culto, esta reflexión analiza la relación excepcional entre su localización en Bari y su vasta difusión en Oriente y Occidente. El objetivo principal de la propuesta es investigar antiguas y nuevas dinámicas geográficas vinculadas al culto del Santo de Mira y a la peregrinación, cuyos impactos culturales y socioeconómicos continúan caracterizando al territorio.
Schwere Systemreaktion nach einheimischem Schlangenbiss - ein seltenes Ereignis mit potentiell lebensbedrohlichen Folgen

Ein 34-jähriger Mann wurde im Berner Oberland beim Klettern von einer Schlange in den rechten Zeigefinger gebissen. Die Schlange wurde fotografiert und als melanotische Version einer Aspisviper identifiziert.
On photo-enhanced transport in ionically conducting solids

Ionic conducting materials form the basis of solid oxide fuel cells, solid oxide electrolyser cells, and batteries, which form a key component of the EU Energy 2050 long-term strategy. There is a need to develop faster ionic conductors, however progress has been slow. Recently, several studies have demonstrated photo-enhanced iodine-ion diffusion as well as suggested interactions between photons and oxygen-ion defects in oxide materials may be possible. The proposed research plan, OPTICS, aims to address the question: Can changes in ion transport be enhanced in technologically relevant ionically conducting oxides (O-ion, H-ion, and Li-ion) by light illumination? 

There are challenges in studying these effects using conventional methods. Namely, absorption only occurring at the surface in thick samples, artefacts in conductivity measurements stemming from photocurrents and electrode effects, and difficulties understanding the mechanisms due to the indirect nature of photon-ion interactions. In OPTICS, these challenges will be overcome employing isotopic tracer diffusion measurements on epitaxial thin films carried out in tandem with atomistic and continuum simulations to identify the underlying mechanisms. Combining the Host’s (Prof. Roger De Souza) expertise in tracer diffusion and atomistic modelling with the Applicants experience with optical measurements on epitaxial films, photo-enhanced ionic diffusion will be studied experimentally and computationally in the bulk, at surfaces, and at interfaces of nanostructured materials. Light-enhanced ionic transport has the potential, though OPTICS, to lead to substantial improvements in technologically relevant ionic conductors leading to a new class of photo-ionic fuel cells, electrolysers, and batteries.
A LAUNDRY DRYER WITH A DRYING AIR FILTER

The present invention refers to a laundry dryer comprising a drum with an aperture for feeding laundry to be dried, at least partially transparent or translucent door that closes said aperture for feeding laundry to be dried, a heating means for warming up drying air, a cooling means for eliminating moisture from drying air, a transporting means for circulating drying air in the laundry dryer, and a filter unit for drying air conveyed from said drum. It is provided for according to the present invention that at the side of a door (4) facing a drum (2) in the area under a bell shaped bulge (4') of a door (4) glass there is arranged a first filter unit (14) which is swivel-mounted by means of a hinge (18) in said door (4) and fixed by means of at least one locking means (25) which cooperates in a snap-in manner with a counter-locking means (26) in the door (4), a removable filter insert (17) being located in the body (16) and provided with a cover (29).
Cache-Persistence-Aware Response-Time Analysis for Fixed-Priority Preemptive Systems

A task can be preempted by several jobs of higherpriority tasks during its response time. Assuming the worst-casememory demand for each of these jobs leads to pessimistic worst-case response time (WCRT) estimations. Indeed, there is a bigchance that a large portion of the instructions and data associatedwith the preempting task Tj are still available in the cache when Tj releases its next jobs. Accounting for this observation allowsthe pessimism of WCRT analysis to be significantly reduced, which is not considered by existing work. The four main contributions of this paper are: 1) The conceptof persistent cache blocks is introduced in the context of WCRTanalysis, which allows re-use of cache blocks to be captured,2) A cache-persistence-aware WCRT analysis for fixed-prioritypreemptive systems exploiting the PCBs to reduce the WCRTbound, 3) A multi-set extension of the analysis that furtherimproves the WCRT bound and 4) An evaluation showing thatour cache-persistence-aware WCRT analysis results in up to 10%higher schedulability than state-of-the-art approaches.
Development of bmp2 neurotrophic therapy for parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. PD affects more than 6 million people worldwide while 1.2 million people have PD in Europe. For the European economy PD has a total socioeconomic cost of €13.9 billion per annum. With the aging demographic the number of individuals affects by PD are projected to double by 2030 highlight the need for disease modifying therapies. The neuropathological hallmarks of PD are the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in a region of the brain known as the substantia nigra in the midbrain, and the accumulation of intraneuronal inclusions called Lewy bodies and lewy neurite that consist predominantly of a protein called α-synuclein. Despite over half a century of investigation, there is no disease modifying therapy for PD. I propose that a protein called bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)2 can protect midbrain dopaminergic neurons in the PD brain. BMP2 is distinct from other neurotrophic factors used in the clinical trials to date in that it has a different signalling mechanism that can be targeted to protect dopaminergic neurons. Here I will assess the neuroprotective efficacy of viral vectors carrying the BMP2 transgene in the rat α-synuclein model of PD. I will determine if this molecular therapy can protect dopamine neurons and their axons against α-synuclein induced degeneration to maintain brain dopamine levels and improve motor function. To do this, I will use a multidisciplinary approach which will be paralleled by intensive training and career development opportunities to enable me to make a transformative contribution to knowledge and to achieve professional maturity and independence. In this way, this work has direct relevance for the future development of neurotrophic factors for clinical use in PD and the extensive dissemination and communication plans to target all stakeholders will ensure both societal and scientific impact in an European context and also for individuals with PD.
Military-political Cooperation between the U.S. and Central Asian States

Abstract Central Asian region became one of the important regions in international relations. The states of the region faced a number of problems after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The geopolitical situation and neighborhood with great powers mainly affected on the policymaking and the security issues of newly independent states. In this article the military-political cooperation between the U.S. and Central Asian states in different dimensions is examined. First of all, we analyze the dynamic of military-political cooperation of the U.S. with each state of the region in the context of regional security. In this regard it is examined one of the important issues – the interests of the U.S. around the Soviet nuclear weapons located on the Kazakhstani territory. The author analyzes the relations between states in the context of struggle against terrorism. After the events of September 11 the U.S. proclaimed a war against terrorism. The struggle against terrorism became one of the major challenges of the U.S. foreign policy. Afghanistan became a state number one for antiterrorist drive. The Central Asian states mentioned as a “front-line states”. Region's location on the crossroads between West and East makes this territory significant for transit routes. The cooperation in military-political field between states develops also on a structural level. We consider the relations in this field between the U.S. and Central Asian states in the framework of NATO. The author of this article discusses how the above-mentioned issues influence on international relations in the region.
Versatile mass and rheological sensing platform

The MARS project will develop a platform for measuring mass at microscale and rheological properties of Newtonian/ non-Newtonian fluids in real-time, with unprecedented resolution, accuracy and reliability. This will be achieved by exploiting some unique degrees of flexibility in the dynamical response of a self-excited micromechanical probe. Depending on the desired application, this platform can be either used as a continuous sensor, a threshold sensor or a stable reference. Measuring the mass of analytes with high accuracy and understanding the rheology of simple and complex fluids play a critical role in a wide variety of applications in the ever-growing smart sensor global market.
The success of the MARS project requires:
- Advanced modelling of the dynamical response of self-excited microresonators oscillating in Newtonian or non-Newtonian fluids while subject to mass changes;
- Design, development and optimisation of the new sensing platform;
- Real case experiments for mass sensing, to assess and showcase the capabilities of each sensing modality;
- Characterisation of the properties of weakly non-Newtonian viscoelastic fluids.
This platform addresses several of the main drawbacks of current techniques to measure mass or to characterise viscoelastic fluids and presents some unique features: 
i) Self-sustained oscillations that keep track of any environmental changes affecting the mechanical probe, without requiring any external equipment; 
ii) Possibility of controlling a variety of sensing modalities by introducing delay in the feedback loop with a phase-shifter circuit; 
iii) Capability of sensing extremely small mass (potentially single molecules) and weakly non-Newtonian fluids.
The end technical result will be a proof-of-concept prototype to demonstrate the effectiveness of the technology, and its potential to engage with external partners for further development in the direction of a viable and revolutionary commercial product.
Equidistribution, fractal measures and arithmetic

The subject of this proposal lies at the crossroads of analysis, additive combinatorics, number theory and fractal geometry exploring equidistribution phenomena for random walks on groups and group actions and regularity properties of self-similar, self-affine and Furstenberg boundary measures and other kinds of stationary measures. Many of the problems I will study in this project are deeply linked with problems in number theory, such as bounds for the separation between algebraic numbers, Lehmer's conjecture and irreducibility of polynomials.

The central aim of the project is to gain insight into and eventually resolve problems in several main directions including the following. I will address the main challenges that remain in our understanding of the spectral gap of averaging operators on finite groups and Lie groups and I will study the applications of such estimates. I will build on the dramatic recent progress on a problem of Erdos from 1939 regarding Bernoulli convolutions. I will also investigate other families of fractal measures. I will examine the arithmetic properties (such as irreducibility and their Galois groups) of generic polynomials with bounded coefficients and in other related families of polynomials.

While these lines of research may seem unrelated, both the problems and the methods I propose to study them are deeply connected.
[Risk factors of pregnancy termination at second and third trimester in women with scarred uterus and placenta previa].

To investigate the risk factors of pregnancy termination at second and third trimester in women with scarred uterus and placenta previa.Clinical data of 24 pregnant women of second and third trimester with a scarred uterus and placenta previa,who requested termination in Women's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine from July 2009 to June 2014, were retrospectively analyzed. The method of mifepristone combined with ethacridine lactate was adopted for all cases. Mifepristone combined with ethacridine lactate and uterine artery embolization were routinely given for patients with complete placenta previa. Cesarean section was performed for patients who failed to delivery or underwent massive vaginal bleeding before delivery. Age, gestational weeks, gravidity and parity, times of previous cesarean section, the interval from previous operation, the position and the type of placenta previa, placenta accretet, the indication and method of termination, postpartum hemorrhage, successful rate of labor induction, placental retention ratio and uterus rupture were documented.The successful rate of labor induction was 83.3%. The analysis showed that age, gestational weeks, gravidity and parity and times of previous cesarean section were not risk factors for failed labor induction, however the interval time from previous operation was related to induction failure (P<0.05). Patients with previous cesarean section ≥ 13 years were more likely to require cesarean section than those <13 years (P<0.05). The placenta adhered to the antetheca of the uterus or placenta accrete increased risk to have cesarean section. There were no significant differences in postpartum hemorrhage, the successful rate of labor induction, placental retention ratio and the rate of uterine rupture between patients with uterine artery embolization and those without.The labor induction would be feasible for women with a scarred uterus and placenta previa in second and third-trimester pregnancy. The previous operation ≥ 13 years, the antetheca placenta or placenta accrete might increase the incidence of labor induction, while the uterine artery embolization would rise the successful rate of labor induction.
Tissue-Specific Functional Networks for Prioritizing Phenotype and Disease Genes

Integrated analyses of functional genomics data have enormous potential for identifying phenotype-associated genes. Tissue-specificity is an important aspect of many genetic diseases, reflecting the potentially different roles of proteins and pathways in diverse cell lineages. Accounting for tissue specificity in global integration of functional genomics data is challenging, as "functionality" and "functional relationships" are often not resolved for specific tissue types. We address this challenge by generating tissue-specific functional networks, which can effectively represent the diversity of protein function for more accurate identification of phenotype-associated genes in the laboratory mouse. Specifically, we created 107 tissue-specific functional relationship networks through integration of genomic data utilizing knowledge of tissue-specific gene expression patterns. Cross-network comparison revealed significantly changed genes enriched for functions related to specific tissue development. We then utilized these tissue-specific networks to predict genes associated with different phenotypes. Our results demonstrate that prediction performance is significantly improved through using the tissue-specific networks as compared to the global functional network. We used a testis-specific functional relationship network to predict genes associated with male fertility and spermatogenesis phenotypes, and experimentally confirmed one top prediction, Mbyl1. We then focused on a less-common genetic disease, ataxia, and identified candidates uniquely predicted by the cerebellum network, which are supported by both literature and experimental evidence. Our systems-level, tissue-specific scheme advances over traditional global integration and analyses and establishes a prototype to address the tissue-specific effects of genetic perturbations, diseases and drugs.
In Vivo Bone Formation and Bacterial Infection Between Silicon Nitride Ceramic, PEEK, and Titanium

Objective Superior bone ingrowth and resistance to bacterial infection are ideal for orthopaedic implants. We compared new bone formation, strength of bone bonding, and infection rates between silicon nitride ceramic (Si3N4; abbreviated SiN), medical-grade PEEK (PEEK), and titanium (Ti) in rat calvariae. PEEK and Ti are used in spinal and arthroplasty implants respectively, while SiN is a non-oxide ceramic used in spinal implants for the past 4 years. Methods Specimens of 10 mm × 10 mm by 1.75 mm size were implanted into experimental calvarial defects in 2-year old Wistar rats using standard surgical techniques (n9s: SiN=48; PEEK=24; Ti=24). One group of animals was immediately inoculated with 1 × 104 Staphylococcus epidermidis ; control animals received saline only. After sacrifice at 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, and 3 months post-inoculation (n=4 rats per time period), one calvarial sample each for PEEK and Ti, and two samples for SiN (per bacterial condition and time point) were retrieved for histology; remaining samples were used for sample push-out testing with a Micro Tester 5848 (Instron) with a 1-kN load cell, using published techniques. New bone formation was measured with tetracycline double-labeling at 11 and 4 days before the 14-day and 3-month time periods. Results Of the materials tested, 3-month bone ingrowth and periprosthetic infection rates were most favorable for SiN (Fig. 1). At 90 days post-implantation without bacteria, new bone growth in calvariae with SiN was ∼69% compared with 24% and 36% for PEEK and Ti, respectively. With bacterial inoculation, new bone growth was 21%, 26% and 41% for PEEK, Ti, and SiN, respectively. At 3-months, live bacteria were observed for PEEK (88%) and Ti (21%), while no bacteria were present around SiN (Fig. 2). Push-out strength was greater for SiN when compared to Ti and PEEK (Fig. 3). Conclusions Superior bone formation, bone ingrowth, and bacterial resistance were associated with SiN when compared to Ti and PEEK. SiN proved effective in inhibiting bacteria and promoting osteogenesis in experimental osseous defects, when compared to Ti and PEEK. These observations are most likely related to the hydrophilic properties of SiN that contributed to the adsorption of proteins known to decrease bacteria attachment and growth (vitronectin and fibronectin). We conclude that SiN may be a superior biomaterial for the development of orthopaedic implants.