SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Cyber Warfare and the Crime of Aggression: The Need for Individual Accountability on Tomorrow’s Battlefield

As cyberspace matures, the international system faces a new challenge in confronting the use of force. Non-State actors continue to grow in importance, gaining the skill and the expertise necessary to wage asymmetric warfare using non-traditional weaponry that can create devastating real-world consequences. The international legal system must adapt to this battleground and provide workable mechanisms to hold aggressive actors accountable for their actions. The International Criminal Court—the only criminal tribunal in the world with global reach—holds significant promise in addressing this threat. The Assembly of State Parties should construct the definition of aggression to include these emerging challenges. By structuring the definition to confront the challenges of cyberspace—specifically non-State actors, the disaggregation of warfare, and new conceptions of territoriality—the International Criminal Court can become a viable framework of accountability for the wars of the twenty-first century.
GREEN BOILER – CLOSED LOOP ENERGY AND POWER SYSTEM TO SUPPORT ENHNANCED OIL RECOVERY THAT IS ENVIRONMENTALLY FREINDLY

A method and apparatus are shown for burning crude oil or natural gas extracted from an underground reservoir, or for burning both crude oil and natural gas extracted from an underground reservoir, for providing thermal energy. The method and apparatus are also shown transferring the thermal energy to brine separated from the extracted oil, gas or both, for providing heated brine, or for converting the thermal energy to mechanical work, or for both transferring the thermal energy to the separated brine and converting the thermal energy to mechanical work. The method and apparatus are also shown heating the underground reservoir with the heated brine injected into the underground reservoir, or heating the underground reservoir with a resistive cable energized by electricity generated by converting the mechanical work to electric energy, or heating the underground reservoir with both the heated brine and the energized resistive cable.
Catalyzing Smart Engineering and Rapid Prototyping

The 3DCENTRAL project aims at connecting “islands of innovation” to a stable network of regions for innovation. It´s focused on smart engineering & rapid prototyping where a substantial, current & future emerging market for CE cooperation partners is visible.
Generally there is solid knowledge base in the CE area, but less structured and less connected. This leads to some inefficiencies in developing regions, RTD and business sector. To tackle these challenges, to transform and improve this situation consequent, durable solutions with sufficient resources are required.
Therefore the main objective is to develop, implement and anchor powerful, practicable, future robust Knowledge Axes for the CENTRAL Europe (KACE) cooperation area to tighten and boost the linkages and capacities amongst the relevant technology & innovation actors of smart engineering & rapid prototyping.
3DCENTRAL fosters a change to the current situation by establishing and anchoring a practicable, user-friendly, replicable and future robust system of new strong structures (KACE), repeatable processes (CE Brain Base) and leading edge implementation cases (CE flagships).
The respective main outputs are a transnational, action-oriented system for 11 CE relevant knowledge axis, the toolbox & transnational Tech&Inno Camps to make the change elements stable, 11 CE flagship pilot demo cases. The project group, the involved partners (RTD, companies, Stakeholders) and regions benefit directly from the outputs.
The innovative character of the approach is demonstrated & highlighted by the concerted, replicable, anchored setting of the methodologies, tools and instruments which is unique for the addressed fields of technologies as well as for the participating regions. The main structures, processes and outputs are all transnationally oriented.
3DCENTRAL unites highly competent partners with strong networks & capitalisation to guarantee appropriate “money for value”.
Secure and seamless edge-to-cloud analytics

ELEGANT aims to solve the ever-increasing problem of software fragmentation in the IoT/Big Data interoperability domain.
Software fragmentation prohibits the unification of these two ecosystems severely limiting the ability to regard them as a single system and tune the whole infrastructure towards defining its
a) Performance, b) Energy Efficiency, c) Security, d) Reliability, and d) Dependability (PESRD) requirements.
ELEGANT proposes a novel software programming paradigm, along with an associated set of methodologies and toolchains, to program IoT and Big Data frameworks using a unified programming framework.
Its key proposed innovations in the areas of: a) Light-weight application virtualization, b) Automatic code extraction compatible with both IoT and Big Data frameworks, c) AI-assisted Intelligent Orchestration, d) dynamic code motion, and e) advanced code verification and cybersecurity mechanisms, will enable the seamless operation of end-to-end IoT/Big Data complex systems.
This way, users employing the ELEGANT software stack and methodologies will be able to seamlessly define the pareto-optimal point in the PESRD optimization space while the entire system will be able to dynamically adjust itself during execution.
To achieve its ambitious goals, ELEGANT assembles a consortium of experts across all domains ranging from low-level system software, IoT, Big Data, AI-assisted scheduling, and DevOps. 
Finally, the proposed solutions will be evaluated against pre-defined KPIs across a wide range of operational use cases from four distinct domains: health, automotive, smart metering, and video surveillance.
Understanding how mitochondria compete with toxoplasma for nutrients to defend the host cell

Once a pathogen has eluded immune defences to establish a replicative niche in the cytosol, it requires nutrients to grow—the same nutrients that host organelles need for their biogenesis and to perform cellular metabolic processes. The microbe must therefore compete with organelles for these nutrients.. This organelle-microbe competition for metabolites is a fundamental, but little understood aspect of the host–pathogen interaction. I recently defined one example of this competition, between mitochondria and the human parasite Toxoplasma gondii. During infection, Toxoplasma exploits host lipophagy to gain access to cellular fatty acids essential for its growth. To counter this, host mitochondria fuse to enhance fatty acid uptake, limiting Toxoplasma access to a key host resource and thus restricting its growth. This work shows that mitochondria—essentially domesticated parasites—metabolically defend the cell during infection, and opens several key questions that I will address in this proposal, including: a) by what mechanism do mitochondria enhance fatty acid oxidation to defend the cell against fatty acid siphoning by microbes?; b) can mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation be exploited to restrict microbial growth in vivo?; and c) do mitochondria play a broader role in cellular defence by sequestering other essential metabolites from microbes? The answers to these questions will lead to a deeper understanding of the role of mitochondria in the cellular response to microbes, and begin to address our long-term goal of understanding how human metabolism influences the progression of infectious disease. The innovative approaches I describe here are broadly applicable to dissecting the metabolic interactions between other organelles and diverse infectious agents.
Closed depressions in the European loess belt – Natural or anthropogenic origin?

Abstract Closed depressions (CDs) are typical geomorphological features of the loess belt in Europe. CDs have been reported in several regions of the European loess belt, where they are described as hollows, mardeles, wymoki, crovuri, bludtsa and zapadiny. The natural and anthropogenic origins of CDs are debated in literature. Moreover, no comprehensive review of the geomorphic properties or the evolution of these depressions exists. Therefore this paper reviews the characteristics of CDs in the European loess belt and attempts to better understand their genesis based on detailed case studies. The main morphometric features as well as sediment deposits within CDs in several sub-regions of Europe were analysed and compared. Morphometric properties of CDs from the West European and East European loess belt were investigated through a comparison of CDs from two representative regions, i.e. East Poland and Central Belgium. In both study areas, CDs under cropland are similar. However, a comparison of morphological features of CDs under forest, revealed clear differences, suggesting a different origin of CDs from both regions. Infilled sediments in CDs show various litho-genetical features in different regions of the European loess belt. The morphometric features, ages and stratigraphy of infillings clearly indicate that both anthropogenic and natural processes have shaped these landforms within the loess belt of Europe. CDs observed in Eastern Europe may have a very different origin than those documented in Western Europe. Detailed analysis of CDs in Poland and in neighbouring regions of East Europe, suggest that CDs are natural landforms: thermokarst, deflation and dissolution of loess are reported as probable genetic processes. In contrast, several studies in Western Europe indicate a dominant anthropogenic origin (i.e. digging of calcareous loess or marls, bomb and mining craters, collapse of underground limestone quarries), although CDs formed by natural processes (i.e. piping, dissolution of limestone and salt lenses below the loess cover) are reported as well. CDs act as important archives, allowing one to reconstruct both natural and anthropogenic processes operating in the past. As CDs store most sediments eroded within their catchment they provide ideal sediment traps to assess long-term erosion rates in these environments which have hitherto been under-researched. More research is needed to unravel the genesis and evolution of these depressions to better understand the importance of the Late Glacial and Holocene stages for the morphogenesis of the loess belt in Europe.
Medical supply case

A medical supply case for organizing and holding various small medical supplies and to be worn and/or carried by medical personnel. A first panel is provided having a first panel front side, a first panel rear side, and a front side supply pocket. A second panel is connected to the first panel and has a second panel front side, and a second panel rear side, a rear side supply pocket. A hinge connects the sides of the first and second panels for positioning the first and second panels relative to each other in a first position wherein the first panel front side is generally adjacent and facing the second panel front side and alternately in a second position wherein the second panel rear side is generally adjacent and facing the first panel rear side. A first securing device releasably secures the first and second panels in the first position, and a second securing device releasably secures the first and second panels in the second position. This arrangement allows the user to have the pockets containing the articles needed for the task at hand to be accessibly positioned, preferably in front when worn by the user. A flap is connected to the first panel and is movable to alternative positions disposed between the first and second panels, or positioned generally adjacent the second panel rear side. A user belt is connected to the first panel so that the first and second panels can be held from the user's waist or shoulder. When the flap is secured across the face of the panels the medical supply case can be removed from the belt with its contents well secured inside and the case then placed in the user's lab coat pocket.
Inefficient decision making and female bargaining power

Dominant economic models of household decision-making assume a utopian scenario characterised by cooperation, commitment, and efficiency. While elegant and tractable, a range of common family behaviours fall outside the scope of these frameworks limiting our understanding of households as economic units and their role in helping individuals insure against shocks. Furthermore, the policy prescriptions implied by the standard models can result in harmful unintended consequences if implemented in contexts where non-cooperative decision-making prevails (Erten and Keskin, 2018; Bobonis et al, 2013).

FEMPOWER will make both methodological and substantive contributions to the economic literature on female bargaining power by harnessing novel sources of administrative and survey data and by building on my expertise in developing innovative ways of modelling family decision making. FEMPOWER will develop frameworks for estimating models of decision-making that can capture potentially inefficient behaviour in three different Work Packages: (1) Violence & Household Decision-Making; (2) Decision-Making at Divorce; (3) A General Model of Inefficient Households. Each work package will be structured around three complementary activities:
1.	Developing high quality empirical facts about behaviour in these contexts using novel administrative data sources;
2.	Deriving the conditions under which new, innovative economic theories of behaviour can be tested and estimated; 
3.	Estimating the key economic parameters of interest to assess the positive and normative impact of policy proposals. 
To enable me to exploit existing data sets and identifying variation that are particularly well suited to answering the research questions posed, each Work Package draws on data from a different OECD country: Finland (Work Package I), UK (Work Package II), and Sweden (Work Package III).
Anti-Ulcerogenic and Membrane Stabilization Effect of Ethanol Extract of Coconut (Cocos nucifera)

The effects of the ethanol extract of coconut on indomethacin – induced gastric ulcer in Wistar rats and on Hypotonicity induced haemolysis of human red blood cells were studied. Ulcer was induced in the rats by post oral (p.o.) administration of indomethacin (50mg/kg) using standard procedures. The percentage ulcer inhibition was taken as the measure of the cytoprotection offered by the coconut extract. The extracts reduced the gastric erosions induced by indomethacin in a dose dependent manner with 100mg/kg dose having an ulcer inhibition of 65.4%; 200mg/kg gave 67.9% inhibition while 400mg/kg caused a 70.1% reduction in the ulcerations formed. These results were comparable to the 91% reduction recorded for ranitidine, the standard anti-ulcer drug. The effect of the coconut extract on haemolysis induced by distilled water was evaluated by incubating various concentrations of the extract with red blood cells and distilled water. The effect of the standard anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin was determined as a positive control. Changes in absorbance were used to assess the extent of haemolysis, hence membrane stabilization. From the results obtained, coconut extract gave a dose dependent reduction in the haemolysis induced by distilled water. This suggests that the extract has a stabilizing effect on lysosomal membranes.
Interacting relativistic quantum dynamics via multi-time integral equations

Multi-time wave functions are quantum-mechanical wave functions with N space-time arguments for N particles. They were suggested by the Nobel laureates Dirac, Tomonaga and Schwinger as a particularly natural way of achieving manifest Lorentz invariance in the Schrödinger picture. While for a long time it was not clear how to obtain consistent interacting dynamics for multi-time wave functions, this has changed recently when a series of papers has clarified the theory of multi-time Schrödinger equations and provided the first interacting toy models. This project aims, with the long-term goal of a rigorous multi-time formulation of quantum field theory in mind, at improving on these models by considering the possibility of integral equations to formulate interacting dynamics for multi-time wave functions of N=2 particles. This is especially promising, as integral equations avoid a restrictive consistency condition that one faces for differential multi-time equations. Furthermore, the typical ultraviolet divergencies of quantum field theory are avoided.
The objectives are (1) to study the existence of solutions of a particular integral equation similar to the Bethe-Salpeter equation, (2) to assess whether the integral equation is compatible with a probabilistic meaning, as well as (3) to determine the classical limit of the integral equation and to compare it with the action-at-a-distance formulation of classical electrodynamics due to Gauß, Fokker, Tetrode, Wheeler and Feynman.
Objective (1) shall be approached using the theory of Fredholm integral equations, as well as partial results in the physics literature. For (2), suitable conserved tensor currents with a positive density component shall be constructed. (3) shall be reached by studying wave packets concentrated around the classical world-lines of particles using (and extending) functional-analytic methods of the classical limit, such as Hagedorn wave packets and Wigner functions.
The european fiscal-military system 1530-1870

FMSystem transforms the conventional narrative of the violent rise of the European states system by revealing how belligerent competition also involved cooperation. States were not autarkic actors. Their emergence was co-dependent and entailed developing ways to obtain war-making resources from beyond their jurisdictions. This project adds a new conceptual framework to understand this process and broadens the research focus to include the role of non-state actors in minor as well as major countries. It will identify the variety of war-making resources and assess how far their availability was dependent on accessing external expertise and sources of supply. The standard historical perspective will be decentred by shifting the analytical focus away from sovereign states and their political capitals, and instead towards urban ‘fiscal-military hubs’ functioning as centres of expertise, resource accumulation and production. Achieving these objectives will produce the first holistic study of the rise of the European states system, and of the relation between war and political development across the crucial phase between about 1530 and 1870. It will reveal the extent to which this process was doubly transnational, involving (i) transactions conducted through external hubs leading to (ii) the exchange of resources between states and non-state actors across political frontiers. Further, it will gauge the importance of this Fiscal-Military System to both the growing scale of warfare and the emergence of the modern sovereign state as defining the global political order. A team of researchers, closely coordinated by the PI and counselled by an international scholarly board, will examine the system through six key hubs across Europe. The research will produce a major monograph, a conference and volume engaging with global history and non-European scholarship, and a number of ground-breaking studies on regional and thematic aspects of the project.
SEPARATION OF FULLERENE C60 AND C70 USING CRYSTALLIZATION

The present invention provides a method for separating two highly pure fullerenes from a mixture of fullerenes comprising crystallizing a first fullerene component and a second futlerene component, wherein the phase equilibrium behavior of the mixture fed to a crystallizer is characterized by a region(s) where a pure fullerene of the two fullerenes or the solid solution or solvate thereof can be crystallized out. In particular, the present invention provides a method for simultaneously separating two highly pure fullerenes from a mixture of fullerenes via crystallization, which comprises (i) adjusting the amount of a solvent in the mixture fed to a first crystallizer to obtain a phase equilibrium behavior such that a first fullerene components of the two fullerenes, in the form of a pure crystal, a solid solution crystal, or a solvate crystal is obtained during crystallization; (ii) adjusting the amount of a solvent in the mixture fed to a second crystallizer, operating at a different temperature compared to the first crystallizer, to obtain a phase equilibrium behavior such that a second fullerene component of the two fullerenes, in the form of a pure crystal, a solid solution crystal, or a solvate crystal is obtained during crystallization; and additionally (iii) purifying the solid solution or the solvate into a highly pure fullerene, when the solid product from the crystallizers is in the form of a solid solution or a solvate. The method according to the present invention allows to obtain up to 99.99% pure fullerenes, with relatively low production and separation cost. The method can be applied for various two fullerenes-solvent systems.
Crowdsourced Coordination Through Online Games

We have conducted two investigations on the ability of human participants to solve challenging collective coordination tasks in a distributed fashion with limited perception and communication capabilities similar to those of a simple ground robot. In these investigations, participants were gathered in a laboratory of networked workstations and were given a series of different collective tasks with varying communication and perception capabilities. Here, we focus on our latest investigation and describe our methodology, platform design considerations, and highlight some interesting observed behaviors. These investigations are the preliminary phase in designing a formal strategy for learning human-inspired behaviors for solving complex distributed multirobot problems, such as pattern formation.
Broad-band polarimetric investigation of the Type II-plateau supernova 2013ej

We present results based on follow-up observations of the Type II-plateau supernova (SN) 2013ej at 6 epochs spanning a total duration of $\sim$37 d. The $R_{c}$-band linear polarimetric observations were carried out between the end of the plateau and the beginning of the nebular phases as noticed in the photometric light curve. The contribution due to interstellar polarization (ISP) was constrained by using couple of approaches, i.e. based upon the observations of foreground stars lying within 5\arcmin\, and 10$\degr$ radius of the SN location and also investigating the extinction due to the Milky Way and host galaxy towards the SN direction. Our analysis revealed that in general the intrinsic polarization of the SN is higher than the polarization values for the foreground stars and exhibits an increasing trend during our observations. After correcting the ISP of $\sim$0.6 per cent, the maximum intrinsic polarization of SN~2013ej is found to be 2.14 $\pm$ 0.57 per cent. Such a strong polarization has rarely been seen in Type II-P SNe. If this is the case, i.e., the `polarization bias' effect is still negligible, the polarization could be attributed to the asymmetry of the inner ejecta of the SN because the ISP towards the SN location is estimated to be, at most, 0.6 per cent.