SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
The Thousand Year Flood: The Ohio-Mississippi Disaster of 1937

The Thousand Year Flood: The Ohio-Mississippi Disaster of 1937. By David Welky. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011. Pp. xiv, 355. Maps, illustrations, acknowledgments, notes, index. $27.50.) David Welky's well-written and informative book provides the only comprehensive account of the most serious flood of the twentieth century, one that struck the Ohio and lower Mississippi River valleys with great ferocity in 1937. Published by the University of Chicago Press, which is issuing some of the best books in environmental history these days, The Thousand Year Flood may cause historians to rethink the primacy of the more famous 1927 flood in reshaping government policy toward natural disasters. In its early chapters, the book provides an in-depth analysis of nineteenth and early twentieth-century engineering perspectives on flood control and the role of the Army Corps of Engineers. A later chapter focuses, in part, on the emerging science of weather forecasting and how its limitations affected the disaster. One of the most fascinating aspects of this book, however, is Welky's careful elucidation of how Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal coped with the disaster. His book covers much of the same ground that Sarah T. Phillips traverses in This Nation, This Land: Conservation Policy, Rural America, and the New Deal (2007), but while Phillips provides a more general study of Roosevelt's larger perspective on conservation, Welky uses the flood of 1937 to shed light on policy-making during a specific and terrible national disaster and its long-term implications. Welky's treatment of the nineteenth-century rivalry between the Army Corps of Engineers' Andrew Humphreys and Charles Ellet, Jr., then a civil engineer, is more comprehensive than John Barry's analysis in Rising Tide (1997), a book that covered the 1927 flood. Welky's account is also more engaging. While Barry fashioned his narrative with a broad brush, perhaps oversimplifying the contest between the two engineers, Welky does more than simply fill in some gaps. His narrative includes crucial biographical information about both men, information that is at once more illuminating and memorable. Both were deeply flawed and highly ambitious men-onthe- make who espoused very different perspectives on controlling the nation's rivers. Although not entirely sound, Ellet's mix of levees and reservoirs was the better approach, but his untimely death in 1862 leftthe field open to Humphreys. …
Ultra-Trace Determination of Copper and Silver in Environmental Samples by Using Ionic Liquid-Based Single Drop Microextraction-Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

A sensitive, selective and effective ionic liquid-based single drop microextraction technique was developed by using ionic liquid, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, C6MIMPF6, coupled with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) for the determination of copper and silver in environmental samples. Dithizone was used as chelating agent. Several factors that influence the microextraction efficiency and ETAAS signal, such as pH, dithizone concentration, extraction time, amounts of ionic liquid, stirring rate, pyrolysis and atomization temperature were investigated and the microextraction conditions were established. In the optimum experimental conditions, the detection limits (3 s) of the method were 4 and 8 ng L -1 and corresponding relative standard deviations (0.1 μg L -1 , n = 6) were 4.2% and 4.8% for Ag and Cu, respectively. The developed method was validated by analysis of a certified reference material and applied to the determination of silver and copper.
INSULATION PRODUCT, SUCH AS A THERMAL INSULATION PRODUCT, AND PRODUCTION METHOD THEREOF

The invention relates to a thermal and/or sound insulation product which is made from mineral fibres and which is intended for use at temperatures above 150 DEG C, particularly between 200 and 500 DEG C, and up to 700 DEG C and higher in the case of rock fibres. The inventive product contains at least 1 wt.- %, at least 2 wt.- % or even more than 4 wt.- % of a binder which is obtained from sizing, the resin or resin mixture of which essentially comprises at least one epoxy-type resin with an EEW of between 150 and 2000, preferably at least 160 and/or at most 700 or at least 170 and/or at most 300.
Do Financial Sector Activities Affect Tax Revenue in Pakistan?

By mobilizing savings, financial markets play a crucial role in economic development. Given that the literature does not fully explore the nexus between financial activities and tax revenue, this study attempts to analyze the role of financial markets in generating tax revenue in Pakistan, using time series data for the period 1975–2014. It finds that, in the long run, the number of bank branches and market capitalization have a positive and significant impact on tax revenue. While credit to the private sector has a bidirectional relationship with tax revenue, public sector credit has an insignificant impact. In the short run, only the number of bank branches and market capitalization have a significant impact on tax revenue.
Electron beam scanner

An electron beam scanner includes a stationary source producing an electron beam and a detector positioned to partially circumscribe a scan field, the detector divided into a pair of detector rings arranged adjacent to one another and separated by a gap extending at least partially about a circumference of the detector. The electron beam scanner also includes a target arranged concentric with the detector and located opposite the detector across the scan field, the target having end portions circumferentially overlapping the detector and radially aligned with the gap between the detector rings, such that when the electron beam impinges on the target the target transmits radiation through the gap across the scan field to an associated section of the detector.
Temporal and environmental significance of microbial lamination: Insights from Recent fluvial stromatolites in the River Piedra, Spain

Despite extensive research, the environmental and temporal significance of microbial lamination is still ambiguous because of the complexity of the parameters that control its development. A 13 year monitored record of modern fast-accreting calcite stromatolites (mean 14 mm year−1) from artificial substrates installed in rapid flow in the River Piedra (north-east Spain) allows comparison of the sedimentological attributes of successive six-month depositional packages with the known climatic, hydrophysical and hydrochemical parameters of the depositional system. The stromatolites are formed of dense, porous and macrocrystalline composite laminae. The dense and porous composite laminae, which are composed of two to eight laminae consisting largely of calcified cyanobacteria, are characterized by: (i) dense composite laminae, up to 15 mm thick, mostly with successive dense laminae and minor alternating dense and porous laminae; and (ii) porous composite laminae, up to 12 mm thick, consisting mainly of porous laminae alternating with thinner dense laminae. Most of the dense composite laminae formed during the warm periods (April to September), whereas most of the porous composite laminae developed in the cool periods (October to March). Each dense and porous composite lamina represents up to or slightly longer than six months. The alternation of these two types of composite laminae parallels seasonal changes in temperature. The dense and porous laminae result from shorter (for example, intraseasonal) variations in temperature, insolation and hydrological conditions. The macrocrystalline laminae, with crystals >100 μm long, occur isolated and grouped into composite laminae up to 1·7 mm thick. Their occurrence suggests the absence or poor development of microbial mats over periods of weeks to several months. Thus, stromatolite lamination can record different-order, periodic and non-periodic changes in the magnitude of environmental parameters over a single year. These results hold important implications for the temporal and environmental interpretation of lamination in microbial structures.
Fe3O4 nanoparticle-integrated graphene sheets for high-performance half and full lithium ion cells

We synthesized Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide (RGO-Fe(3)O(4)) nanocomposites and evaluated their performance as anodes in both half and full coin cells. The nanocomposites were synthesized through a chemical co-precipitation of Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) in the presence of graphene oxides within an alkaline solution and a subsequent high-temperature reduction reaction in argon (Ar) environment. The morphology and microstructures of the fabricated RGO-Fe(3)O(4) nanocomposites were characterized using various techniques. The results indicated that the Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles had relatively homogeneous dispersions on the RGO sheet surfaces. These as-synthesized RGO-Fe(3)O(4) nanocomposites were used as anodes for both half and full lithium-ion cells. Electrochemical measurement results exhibit a high reversible capacity which is about two and a half times higher than that of graphite-based anodes at a 0.05C rate, and an enhanced reversible capacity of about 200 mAh g(-1) even at a high charge/discharge rate of 10C (9260 mA g(-1)) in half cells. Most important of all, these fabricated novel nanostructures also show exceptional capacity retention with the assembled RGO-Fe(3)O(4)/LiNi(1/3)Mn(1/3)Co(1/3)O(2) full cell at different C rates. This outstanding electrochemical behavior can be attributed to the unique microstructure, morphology, texture, surface properties of the nanocomposites, and combinative effects from the different chemical composition in the nanocomposites.
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR AUTOMATED ADJUSTMENT OF A CONTAINER FILLING MACHINE

A system (20) for automated adjustment of a container filling machine (1) having: a number of filling units (10) for filling of containers (2) during a production phase, coupled to a rotating conveyor (4) designed to rotate around a rotation axis (A); and a machine control unit designed to manage filling operations by the filling units (10) according to a filling recipe. The system (20) is provided with a processing module (12, 28), coupled to a HMI module (27) and to a storage database (29) to determine a new filling recipe, based on user input information received via the HMI module (27) and known characteristics of the filling machine (1) stored in the storage database (29); wherein the processing module is further configured to control execution of filling operations at a validation filling station (30), during a recipe-validation phase preceding the production phase; receive feedback information about measured parameters related to the filling operations being performed; and iteratively adjust the new filling recipe until the measured parameters satisfy a desired relation with desired filling parameters.
Synthesis of Heat Pump Enhanced Solar Thermal for Low and Medium Temperature Operations

This study presents a multi-period mathematical programming approach for the design and optimization of heat pump-enhanced solar thermal for low and medium temperature applications in industrial, residential and other sectors. Mathematical models which capture the dynamic operating properties and thermodynamic features of combined solar thermal and multi-stage vapour compression heat pump cycle have been developed. The multi-period optimization context of the model accounts for the intermittent variability of relevant meteorological conditions and their effects on heat output from the heat pump. The design and optimization of the integrated system is implemented and solved in GAMS and analysis of the system shows good prospect for enhanced thermal energy from solar. The results obtained show significant increase in the amount of heat recovered from the heat pump as solar collector area increases up to 6,511 m 2 with average heat duty of about 1,615 kW and coefficient of performance of 1.81 obtained for that same collector size.
Software-Defined intermittent networking

In the ever-growing Internet of Things (IoT), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) play an increasingly important role, with a strong demand for robust solutions in extreme environments. The aim of this proposal is to develop a networking solution that handles the intermittent communication links that characterise such environments.

An integrated communication system for intermittent links in the Arctic is the main envisaged output for this proposal. The conducted research will draw on my past experience on routing and Software-Defined Networking to tackle heterogeneity and improve overall networking robustness. The achieved outcomes will be aligned with the H2020 Blue Growth challenges on the impact of Arctic changes, defining a networking solution that removes the need for costly and dangerous human expeditions for data collection.

The impact of the proposed activities is in accordance with European initiatives, creating opportunities for the modernisation and efficiency of European stakeholders. This proposal will enable pioneering ICT-based solutions, including multi-disciplinary fields such as Cyber-Physical Systems and Satellite links for real-time monitoring.

The conducted research work will be further steered by a specialised Scientific and Technical Advisory Board. This board counts with the collaboration of the host institution, the partner organisation hosting the secondment, as well as of two industry partners. This creates a unique opportunity for consolidating my real-world skills and reaching an improved impact.

The dissemination and exploitation plans will build upon established contacts and actions, such as chairing activities in the related topics, while also engaging the relevant stakeholders. Technical results shall lead to the publication of 7 papers in scientific and technological peer-reviewed journals and conferences. Moreover, public engagement of non-specialists will be targeted with talks as a researcher and as an MSCA ambassador.
Pricing and information content of block trades on the Shanghai Stock Exchange

Abstract We study the pricing mechanisms and information content of block trades on the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) for the six year period from 2003 to 2009.There is an average of about 4% block discount, which is large in magnitude and statistically significant, reflecting compensation for locating counterparties and the cost of negotiating terms. We also examine permanent price impacts of the trades and find that discount block trades (DBTs) have significant negative permanent price impacts for various periods extended up to 60 trading days after the block trades. Conversely, premium block trades (PBTs) have small and statistically insignificant negative permanent price impacts, suggesting that buyers do not possess valuable private information. Finally, we classify the trades into buys and sells using a set of stricter rules and note similar results to those of DBTs and PBTs. Of additional note, block sells on stocks with expirations of restricted shares seem to have significant information content. As these trades are more likely to be originated from insiders, our results suggest that they strategically time the sale of these shares to maximize gains.
Manassantin A and B From Saururus chinensis Inhibit Interleukin-6–Induced Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Activation in Hep3B Cells

Inhibition of interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been postulated to be an effective therapy in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases. The current study was performed to examine potential effects of manassantin A and B isolated from Saururus chinensis on the IL-6-induced response to human hepatoma cells. We found that manassantin A and B inhibit signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) activity stimulated by IL-6. We also found that both compounds decreased IL-6-induced Stat3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Both compounds blocked suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS-3)-mRNA expression induced by IL-6. In addition, we found that Stat3 inhibitory effects of these compounds could be related to protein tyrosine phosphatase. These findings suggest that manassantin A and B could be useful remedies for treatment of inflammatory diseases by inhibiting IL-6 action.
Lifting for mixed integer programs with variable upper bounds

We investigate the convex hull of the set defined by a single inequality with continuous and binary variables, which are additionally related by variable upper bound constraints. First we elaborate on general sequence dependent lifting for this set and present a dynamic program for calculating lifting coefficients. Then we study variable fixings of this set to knapsack covers and to the single binary variable polytope. We explicitly give lifting coefficients of continuous variables when lifting the knapsack cover inequality. We provide two new families of facet-defining inequalities for the single binary variable polytope and we prove that combined with the trivial inequalities they give a full description of this polytope.
A Tableau-Based Reasoning Algorithm for Distributed Dynamic Description Logics

As a family of dynamic description logics, DDL(X) is constructed by embracing actions into the description logic X, where X represents well-studied description logics ranging from the ALC to the SHOIQ. The usage of distributed computation techniques in reasoning is an important premise for the adoption of Dynamic Description Logics in a real-world setting. Practical scalability of DDL(X) reasoning inspired recently a proposal of Distributed Dynamic Description Logics (D3L) framework. D3L is a natural generalization of the DDL(X) framework, which is designed to model the distributed dynamically-changing knowledge repositories interconnected by semantic mappings and to accomplish reasoning in distributed, heterogeneous environments. In this paper, we investigate the reasoning mechanisms in D3L and propose a tableau-based reasoning algorithm for D3L, built as a composition of the state of the art tableaux reasoners for DDL(X).
Selection to outsmart the germs: the evolution of disease recognition and social cognition

An astounding example of human social complexity is the global healthcare industry, in which we perform lifesaving surgeries, eradicate childhood diseases, provide global vaccinations, and track the evolution and outbreak of novel zoonotic diseases. Surprisingly, all of this hinges on a cognitive ability whose evolutionary origins are largely unknown: the ability to recognize disease in others. Under the mentorship of Dr Joanna Setchell (Durham University), a world-leading expert in primate disease signalling, Dr Sharon Kessler (fellow) will test her novel hypothesis that disease recognition evolved in associate with social cognition the primate order before the divergence of the human lineage. This multidisciplinary project integrates anthropology, psychology, and parasitology to test 1) whether a nonhuman primate signals infection status using visual, acoustic, and olfactory cues, 2) whether primates use these cues to recognize disease in others, and 3) whether disease recognition correlates with accepted measures of primate social cognition. The objectives will be achieved by taking photos, recording vocalisations, and collecting odour samples from semi-free ranging mandrills, Mandrillus sphinx, at the Centre International de Recherches Médicales mandrill colony in Gabon before and after treatment with anti-parasite medications. The photos, vocalisations, and odour samples will be presented to captive mandrills at the Colchester Zoo in the UK to test whether they spend different amounts of time investigating stimuli from parasitised and nonparasitised individuals. Performances on these disease recognition tests will be compared with performances in social cognition on the state-of-the-art Primate Cognition Test Battery. This innovative, multidisciplinary study increases the international networks of the participants, provides Kessler with cutting edge training, and breaks new ground on the role of disease in the evolution of primate, including human, cognition.
Cultural Capital, Language and National Identity in Imperial Spain

This innovative study examines the cultural mechanisms in early modern Spain that led to the translation, imitation and selective adoption of the values embodied by the Italian Renaissance. These mechanisms served to delineate a national tradition that addressed the needs of a changing society and gave a physiognomy to the Italian experience, which ultimately led to the Golden Age. By examining such important texts as the sentimental fictions of Diego de San Pedro and Juan de Flores, the Spanish translation of Orlando Furioso, Don Quixote, and the Polifemo, Binotti first describes the conditions imposed on book production by both the expectations of an elite audience and the limitations of the printing market while outlining the process of the creation of an expressive poetic language and the quest for literary models. She then looks at Ambrosio de Morales' chronicles and Bernardo de Aldrete's Del Origen, showing how a cultural discourse founded on foreign scholarship paved the way for the establishment of innovative-and autochtonous-methods of historical and scientific analysis in the early seventeenth-century. LUCIA BINOTTI is an associate professor in the Department of Romance Languages and Literatures at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
HIGH-VOLTAGE DEVICE STRUCTURE

The present invention provides a vertical tapered dielectric high-voltage device (10) in which the device drift region is depleted by action of MOS field plates (30) formed in vertical trenches. The high-voltage device comprises: a substrate (32); a silicon mesa (20) formed on the substrate and having a stripe geometry, wherein the silicon mesa provides a drift region having a constant doping profile; a recessed gate (22) and source (SN) formed on the silicon mesa; a trench (26) adjacent each side of the silicon mesa; and a metal-dielectric field plate structure (12) formed in each trench; wherein each metal-dielectric field plate structure comprises a dielectric (28) and a metal field plate (30) formed over the dielectric, and wherein a thickness of the dielectric increases linearly through a depth of the trench to provide a constant longitudinal electric field.
MULTI-STRAND COMPOSITE FIBER TENSIONING CABLE

A rope or cable comprising a plurality of fiber composite tensioning elements (1,2) having different mechanical properties into the same bundle wherein at least one of the tensioning elements (1,2) has a different size and shape from the other tensioning elements (1,2) into the same bundle.