SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
SPLIT CYCLE VARIABLE CAPACITY ROTARY SPARK IGNITION ENGINE

A split-cycle variable capacity rotary spark ignition engine system having at least a first rotary configuration (Cl) including repetitively volume variable working chambers [60, 61, 62] for carrying out the combustion-expansion and exhaust phases and at least a second rotary configuration (C2) including repetitively volume variable working chambers (70, 71, 72) for carrying out the intake and compression phases of a four phase engine cycle. Dividing seal means (73, 74 of Cl, 75, 76 of C2) for periodically dividing each of successive working chambers into a volume enlarging leading portion and a volume contracting trailing portion. Discharge valve means for varying compression chamber capacity through discharging fraction of trapped intake gas from compression chambers. A first phase altering arrangement is provided for varying the phase relation between the first rotary configuration (Cl) and the second rotary configuration (C2). A second phase altering arrangement varies phase relation between the discharge valve means and corresponding compression chambers. The first rotary configuration (Cl) having variable capacity combustion chambers operatively synchronize with the variable capacity compression chambers of the second rotary configuration (C2) so that accomplish nearly full-load-like combustion environment through a substantially wide engine operating range.
An Algorithm and Hardware Design for Very Fast Similarity Search in High Dimensional Space

Similarity search in very high dimensions is vital for many scientific research activities as well as real applications. A high performance, scalable, and optimal quality solution to the problem still remains challenging. We\footnote{Both authors have contributed equally to the work.} propose a vote count based algorithm using $p$-stable distribution for approximate similarity search. Approximate similarity search effectively serves purpose for many real applications. Our algorithm is efficient and scalable with both dimension and database size. We also propose a novel hardware implementation of the algorithm using simple modification to Random Access Memory (RAM). The hardware design gives real time search for millions of points at practical cost. We empirically achieve high accuracy for query results using our algorithm on 128 dimensional synthetic and real datasets.
Fabrication of optical elements and modules incorporating the same

Fabricating a wafer-scale spacer/optics structure includes replicating optical replication elements and spacer replication sections directly onto an optics wafer (or other wafer) using a single replication tool. The replicated optical elements and spacer elements can be composed of the same or different materials.
Estruturas e representações sobre a desigualdade de gênero na gestão da água em Ouro Preto/ MG: uma análise da percepção de conselheiros e gestores dos órgãos municipais / Structures and representations on gender inequality in water management in Ouro Preto / MG: an analysis of the perception of councilors and managers of municipal bodies

The article analyze the participation of women in water management in the municipality of Ouro Preto / MG, to identify whether, in the perception of employees and advisers, there are gender inequalities in the organizational structures of the bodies and councils in which they operate and whether the interviewees recognize differences related to gender roles in the public and private sphere.Regarding the methodological classification, this is applied, quantitative, descriptive and survey research.Data collection was carried out through the application of questionnaires, which were answered by 48 counselors and 72 employees of the bodies responsible for water management in the municipality.The bodies and councils that participated in the study were: SEMAE, COMUSA, CODEMA, Municipal Secretary of the Environment and Subcommittee of Nascent Watershed.It is concluded that in relation to the perception of managers there are gender inequalities in the organizational structures and in the social roles of men and women.
A proposed methodology for analysis of ground settlements caused by tunneling, with particular reference to the “buoyancy” effect

A new analytical method is proposed in order to realistically estimate the ground settlements caused by shallow tunnel construction. In the estimation of these ground settlements with the finite element method (FEM), the weight of the ground which is removed at the tunnel excavation has a large effect on the value of the settlements, when the ground is assumed as an elastic body. Some problems related to the settlements estimated by FEM are pointed out through the elastic theory, a back analysis, and field measurement results. A new analytical method is proposed, which disregards the weight of the ground removed, at the estimation of the excavation forces acting on the tunnel boundary. The appropriateness of the method is confirmed through a comparison between the analytical and the field measurement settlements.
Early Oligocene dinocysts as a tool for palaeoenvironment reconstruction and stratigraphical framework – a case study from a North Sea well

Abstract. The lower Oligocene (Rupelian) successions are climate record archives of the early icehouse world in the Cenozoic. Even though the number of studies focussing on the generally cold Oligocene is increasing, little is known about climatic variations in the mid-latitudes to high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. One of the major obstacles is the lack of stratigraphically complete uppermost Eocene to Oligocene successions in these regions. This study focusses on dinoflagellate cysts (dinocysts) from a thick nearly complete Rupelian succession in the Syracuse Oils Norge A/S well 11/10-1 drilled in 1969 in the Norwegian part of the North Sea basin. The well provides a record of mid-latitude dinocyst assemblages, which yield key biostratigraphical and palaeoenvironmental information. All the analyses were undertaken on ditch cutting samples. The dinocyst assemblages confirm that the well penetrates about 600 m of Rupelian sediments and (as supported by correlation with the Nini-1 well) that the lowermost Rupelian (below the top or the last occurrence of Areosphaeridium diktyoplokum) is expanded. These assemblages also indicate the presence of two hiatuses: the first extends from the Lutetian to the Priabonian (equivalent to the D9nb–D12nb zones), and the second spans the Rupelian–Chattian boundary (equivalent to the D14nb subzone or the NSO-5 zone). Despite the risk of caving, the dinocyst assemblages support the existing sequence stratigraphic framework. The assemblages reflect a clear transition from distal to proximal deposition in the vicinity of the site (across the regional seismic sequences OSS-1 – OSS meaning Oligocene seismic sequence – to OSS-2). The proximal deltaic deposits of the OSS-2 regressive system tract (RST) are characterised by pulses of high sea-surface productivity and pronounced shifts in the dinocyst assemblages, reflecting a highly dynamic environment in a restricted marine to marginal marine setting. The Rupelian succession penetrated by well 11/10-1 yields one new species, Areoligera? barskii sp. nov., which is described here in detail. The cold-water-tolerant dinocyst Svalbardella cooksoniae is present in two intervals in the studied succession. These intervals are related to the early Oligocene cooling maxima (the Oi-1a and the Oi-2 events). Furthermore, these two intervals correlate with two local sequence boundaries, suggesting that they are most probably of glacioeustatic origin. From these observations, I postulate that the early icehouse climate played an important role in the depositional development of the Oligocene succession in the North Sea basin. Even though the Eocene–Oligocene transition interval is not complete (i.e. Lutetian to Priabonian is either missing or condensed), well 11/10-1 merits high-resolution studies of the early icehouse climate for the North Sea region. Although any detailed studies should ideally be undertaken on conventional cores instead of ditch cuttings, no such samples spanning the Eocene–Oligocene transition exist in this area.
Connecting the hinterland via sub-nodes to the TEN-T core network

SubNodes tackles the weak intermodal integration of peri-urban hinterland regions to primary TEN-T hubs. Suitable medium-sized cities in these areas shall be developed into attractive intermodal secondary hubs (so called "subnodes"), which better connect the hinterland to the TEN-T rail network. The project intends to establish this approach in the participating regions and beyond by adopting a SubNodes Strategy, conceptualizing its implementation and testing innovative actions in real world conditions. Policy recommendations derived from this process will be integrated into the transport plans of the regions. Planning capacities of transport authorities will be enhanced by mutual-learning platforms so that they can respond more targeted to passenger needs in peri-urban regions. Through the pilots the modal split of the connections concerned will change in favour of public transport already during project lifetime, through policy integration of the strategy and the action plans this trend shall sustain beyond. Project results will immediately be used by the partners as transport authorities or operators, and by the general public regarding pilots; the latter being indirectly the end users. Further stakeholders will benefit through transfer and capacity building events. SubNodes was born by the notion that many regions are seeking solutions how to adapt their secondary transport network to an upgraded or new TEN-T node within or close to their territories (e.g. VDE8 in Thuringia). Rooted in the Territorial Agenda 2020, SubNodes is a strategic approach to promote polycentric development in the public transport sector in light of changing settlement patterns and locational advantages due to major investments in TEN-T. The development of subnodes on a transnational level is an instrument to better exploit accessibility gains also in the hinterland, therefore SubNodes&#39; transnational added value is to enhance the effects of the transnational TEN-T infrastructure.
Simulating a Foreign Policy Dilemma: Considering US Humanitarian Intervention

ABSTRACT The humanitarian impulse in the United States routinely clashes with isolationist sentiment, with appeals to the national interest, and with apathy in and out of government. This class exercise encourages students to explore the contours of the debate over humanitarian intervention with a crisis unfolding in Belagua, a fictitious Latin American country. As the crisis deteriorates, students increasingly feel the tension between wanting to help the at-risk civilian population and avoiding a messy conflict from which the United States could have trouble extracting itself. The project requires students to address key questions about the US role in the Belagua case and to consider what the United States could or should have done in actual situations, such as Rwanda and Syria. Because these crises are likely to occur in the decades to come, this exercise initiates students to the challenges that the United States, as well as the international community, undoubtedly will face.
The age of surface-exposed ice along the northern margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet

Abstract Each summer, surface melting of the margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet exposes a distinctive visible stratigraphy that is related to past variability in subaerial dust deposition across the accumulation zone and subsequent ice flow toward the margin. Here we map this surface stratigraphy along the northern margin of the ice sheet using mosaicked Sentinel-2 multispectral satellite imagery from the end of the 2019 melt season and finer-resolution WorldView-2/3 imagery for smaller regions of interest. We trace three distinct transitions in apparent dust concentration and the top of a darker basal layer. The three dust transitions have been identified previously as representing late-Pleistocene climatic transitions, allowing us to develop a coarse margin chronostratigraphy for northern Greenland. Substantial folding of late-Pleistocene stratigraphy is observed but uncommon. The oldest conformal surface-exposed ice in northern Greenland is likely located adjacent to Warming Land and may be up to ~55 thousand years old. Basal ice is commonly exposed hundreds of metres from the ice margin and may indicate a widespread frozen basal thermal state. We conclude that the ice margin across northern Greenland offers multiple opportunities to recover paleoclimatically distinct ice relative to previously studied regions in southwestern Greenland.
Innovative debris flow event warning system based on short-term forecasting and phenomenology

Debris flows are rapid, gravity-induced mass movements consisting of water-sediments mixture that route along channels incised on mountain slopes. In the Alps, the main factors triggering these phenomena are extreme rainfall events that cause abundant runoff which entrain large quantity of debris forming solid-liquid surges that route downstream destroying or damaging each obstacle (houses, works) they meet, causing also death of people. The increase of extreme rainfalls likely due to the climate change, increased the frequency of these phenomena. The mostly short duration of the rainfalls triggering debris flows (10-30 minutes), the short times (5-15 minutes) of their downstream routing forbids the use of standard rainfall forecasting for their predictability as for flash floods and landslides. Moreover, early-warning systems based on sensors detect the debris flow transit and allow only short alert times. The project's aim is to provide an early-warning system that increases the alert time. The proposed system is based on a models cascade: nowcasting, hydrological and triggering models. Nowcasting anticipates rainfall pattern (1-3h) that is transformed into runoff by the hydrological model. The triggering model estimates the sediments volume that the runoff can entrain, and compares it with a critical threshold. If this is exceeded the alert is launched. This new system will be tested by monitoring stations in sites frequently subject to debris flows in all the regions.
Distribución, densidad y estructura de talla de Oreaster reticulatus y Luidia senegalensis (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) en isla de Cubagua, Venezuela

Distribution, density an size structure of Oreaster reticulatus and Luidia senegalensis (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in Cubagua Island, Venezuela. There is limited biological information about the starfish Oreaster reticulatus and the nine-armed starfish Luidia senegalensis in Venezuelan waters. These species are currently considered threatened in many localities of the Caribbean, Brazil and Colombia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe their population density, size distribution and population structure in Cubagua Island. During 2008, 52 stations located around the island were evaluated using band transects of 50m2. Each organism was counted and measured (maximum radius), and its size was compared to the maturity length reported in the literature. The results for O. reticulatus include: 167.3ind./ha; 33% juveniles and 67% adults; average size of 10.7±5cm (range: 2.2-21cm); a wide distribution around the island, with higher densities in the Eastern and Southwest areas. The 50% of the specimens were found in seagrass beds, 25% in sand, 16% in areas covered by decomposed seaweeds, 9% in oyster beds and 1% coralline patches. The densities of O. reticulatus were higher than those reported in the Caribbean, Panama and Puerto Rico, but lower than Venezuelan National Parks: Mochima and Morrocoy; as well as in the Virgin Islands and Belize. For L. senegalensis we found an average density of 40ind./ha; 95% exceeded the reported size at maturity, with mean length of 12cm±3.5cm (range: 3.5-22.3cm); they were found only in 15% of the stations of which 92.5% were sandy bottoms and the other 7.5% oyster beds. The degree of aggregation of L. senegalensis was greater than O. reticulatus, with an estimated k of 0.06. However, it was not possible to compare the densities of L. senegalensis with any other study. For both species is recommended to carry out reproductive studies and to monitor their population densities to infer temporal variations.
G.P.318

Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD), among the most common autosomal recessive disorders in the Japanese population, is characterized by congenital muscular dystrophy and brain malformations. It is essentially limited to Japan, and three-quarters of Japanese patients have a similar haplotype due to the ancestral founder mutation, a 3-kb retrotransposal insertion in the fukutin gene. Patient phenotypes can be classified as mild, typical, and severe depending on peak motor function. The typical form patients can sit without support or slide on the buttocks and account for 75% of FCMD cases. The patients who can crawl or walk are classified as having mild form and those lacking head control as having severe form. The rate of heterozygosity for the ancestral founder mutation was reported to be significantly higher in severe cases. Since the natural history of FCMD was reported long ago, we aimed to reevaluate the natural history of our FCMD patients. We retrospectively studied the medical records in 73 genetically diagnosed FCMD patients followed at our University from 1995. Forty-four patients were homozygous for the ancestral founder mutation and 24 had a compound heterozygous mutation. In the homozygous group, 28 patients were classified as typical form and 8 as mild form. In the heterozygous group, 13 patients had typical form and 8 had severe form. Head control and sitting without support were achieved, on average, at 7.6 months (m) and 14.6 m of age, respectively, in the homozygous group, but at 16.5 m and 39.1 m in the heterozygous group. Head control and sitting on average for each phenotype were: (i) 4.5 m/9 m in the walking, (ii)7.4 m/17.7 m in the sliding on the buttocks (iii) 10.5 m/21.3 m in sitting without support, and (iv) 21.7 m/- in the severe groups only with head control. Motor function deterioration started at 7.6 years, on average. Detailed assessment of motor development patterns for each FCMD phenotype may facilitate conducting clinical trials.
Colour-Code labelling for continuous monitoring of quality and safety of packed chicken meat

FreshInk represents a unique Smart packaging solution targeting the global market of fresh food packaging, starting with
fresh chicken breast market. The innovation uses a patented, solvent-based flexographic ink, which makes a reactive
indicating compound, that follows the progress of the product´s freshness.

The main advantages of FreshInk are i) the proven safety of its main structural element, which allows the packaging to
examine the freshness of the product and not of its environment -as is the status quo in smart packaging- as well as ii) the
fact that the reactive indicating compound determines a progressive colour change, making it feasible to follow the gradual
alteration of the product´s freshness.

FreshInk combines extensive know-how with cutting edge technology in the domain of freshness indicators. It represents an
introduction to a whole new distruptive technology that will change the direction of how we conserve food.
This phase 2 project aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of the FreshInk label to key stakeholders – packaging
companies, retailers and consumers – in order to overcome market barriers that occur due to lack of knowledge.
CHIMIGRAF is a consolidated SME, with over 160 employees and turnover of 38M€. The successful exploitation of FreshInk
not only offers to create 8 new jobs and provide CHIMIGRAF with an increased income of 6M€, but also will represent over
50% of CHIMIGRAF’s profit by 2021, securing the long term future of the company.
Testing the model of an organisational network based on the analysis of professional skills

The project focuses on the sector of tourist hotel accommodation and restaurants as a predominant economic sector for the Province of Venice and the nearby areas of Slovenia. The main objective is a comparison of the assessment methods of professional qualifications of tourist-hotel staff in the two bordering countries, in order to boost the quality of accommodation and tourist services, as well as to facilitate the mobility of the operators in the sector. A mutual exchange of knowledge will contribute to closer cooperation among the various sections of the tourist sector and offer to schools and enterprises a support to training and refresher activities for the staff. In this sense the construction and testing of a model for the acquisition of professional skills, both in the field of organisation and services and of training, and an effective information and communication mechanism contribute to the exchange of information between the two sections through the development of a shared language. A website was therefore set up to link together the schools, the students and the hotels. By accessing the website it is possible to insert information and/or to find information contributed by the other operators in the field.
A Framework for the Joint Modeling of Longitudinal Diagnostic Outcome Data and Latent Infection Status: Application to Investigating the Temporal Relationship between Infection and Disease

For many diseases the infection status of individuals cannot be observed directly, but can only be inferred from biomarkers that are subject to measurement error. Diagnosis of infection based on observed symptoms can itself be regarded as an imperfect test of infection status. The temporal relationship between infection and marker outcomes may be complex, especially for recurrent diseases where individuals can experience multiple bouts of infection. We propose an approach that first models the unobserved longitudinal infection status of individuals conditional on relevant covariates, and then jointly models the longitudinal sequence of biomarker outcomes conditional on infection status and covariate information through time, thus resulting in a joint model for longitudinal infection and biomarker sequences. This model can be used to investigate the temporal dynamics of infection, and to evaluate the usefulness of biomarkers for monitoring purposes. Our work is motivated and illustrated by a longitudinal study of bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) on commercial dairy farms in North West England and North Wales, in which the infection of interest is Treponeme spp., and the biomarkers of interest are a continuous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test outcome and a dichotomous outcome, foot lesion status. BDD is known to be one of the possible causes of foot lesions in cows.