SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
The problem of upload competition in peer-to-peer systems with incentive mechanisms

As peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing systems revolve around cooperation, the design of upload incentives has been one of the most important topics in P2P research for more than a decade. Several deployed systems, such as private BitTorrent communities, successfully manage to foster cooperation by banning peers when their sharing ratio becomes too low. Interestingly, recent measurements have shown that such systems tend to have an oversupply instead of an undersupply of bandwidth designers that have been obsessed with since the dawn of P2P. In such systems, the ‘selfish peer’ problem is finally solved, but a new problem has arisen: because peers have to keep up their sharing ratios, they now have to compete to upload. In this paper, we explore this new problem and show how even highly cooperative peers might in the end not survive the upload competition. On the basis of recent measurements of over half a million peers in private P2P communities, we propose and analyze several algorithms for uploader selection under oversupply. Our algorithms enable sustained sharing ratio enforcement and are easy to implement in both existing and new systems. Overall, we offer an important design consideration for the new generation of P2P systems in which selfishness is no longer an issue. Keywords: peer-to-peer; incentives
Experimental determination of rhyolitic glass dissolution rates at 40–200°C and 2&lt;pH&lt;10.1

Abstract The steady-state dissolution rates of Oraefajokull rhyolitic glass were measured in titanium mixed-flow reactors as a function of aqueous Al, Si, and oxalic acid concentration at temperatures from 40 to 200 °C and pH from 2 to 10.1. Measured dissolution rates at were found to be consistent with r + = Ae - E A RT a H + 3 a Al 3 + 1 / n where r+ refers to the specific dissolution rate, A represents a pre-exponential factor equal to 1.4 × 10−5 mol/cm2/s, EA denotes an activation energy equal to 55.15 kJ/mol, n represents a stoichiometric factor equal to 11.1, R designates the gas constant, T corresponds to the absolute temperature and ai defines the activity of the subscripted aqueous species. In accord with this equation, aqueous organic ligands will enhance rates by complexing with aqueous Al3+, thus lowering a Al 3 + . The observed variation of rhyolite dissolution rates with solution chemistry and temperature is similar to that previously observed for basaltic glass. This similarity suggests that all natural Al-silicate volcanic glasses have similar dissolution mechanisms consisting of the sequential removal of metals from the glass structure via proton exchange reactions. The overall dissolution rate within this mechanism is controlled by the detachment of Si tetrahedral that have been partially liberated from the glass structure through the removal of adjoining Al.
Reconstructing the density and temperature structure of prestellar cores from<i>Herschel</i>data: A case study for B68 and L1689B

Utilizing multi-wavelength dust emission maps acquired with $Herschel$, we reconstruct local volume density and dust temperature profiles for the prestellar cores B68 and L1689B using inverse-Abel transform based technique. We present intrinsic radial dust temperature profiles of starless cores directly from dust continuum emission maps disentangling the effect of temperature variations along the line of sight which was previously limited to the radiative transfer calculations. The reconstructed dust temperature profiles show a significant drop in core center, a flat inner part, and a rising outward trend until the background cloud temperature is reached. The central beam-averaged dust temperatures obtained for B68 and L1689B are 9.3 $\pm$ 0.5 K and 9.8 $\pm$0.5 K, respectively, which are lower than the temperatures of 11.3 K and 11.6 K obtained from direct SED fitting. The best mass estimates derived by integrating the volume density profiles of B68 and L1689B are 1.6 M_sol and 11 M_sol, respectively. Comparing our results for B68 with the near-infrared extinction studies, we find that the dust opacity law adopted by the HGBS project, $\kappa_{\lambda} =0.1(\lambda/300 \mu m)^{-2}$, agrees to within 50% with the dust extinction constraints
The residual cross section factor as a key parameter for the static evaluation of corroding reinforced concrete structures

In this paper the development of a key parameter for the static evaluation of corroding steel reinforced concrete members is presented. Based on an extensive test series under defined laboratory conditions as well as outdoor exposure the time dependent morphology and thus the development of the residual cross section of reinforcement steel embedded in uncracked concrete with high chloride contents has been investigated. In order to reach that goal a cutting edge sensor system using the principle of optical triangulation has been applied. Based on the obtained results a so called Residual Cross Section Factor has been developed. Its value and time dependency is discussed linking it to further morphological key parameters such as the corroding surface area as well as the maximum pitting depth on the corroded steel probe. The applicability of the introduced factor in comparison to the well known pitting factor is presented and discussed.
Analysis of Using Interpulse Intervals to Generate 128-Bit Biometric Random Binary Sequences for Securing Wireless Body Sensor Networks

Wireless body sensor network (WBSN), a key building block for m-Health, demands extremely stringent resource constraints and thus lightweight security methods are preferred. To minimize resource consumption, utilizing information already available to a WBSN, particularly common to different sensor nodes of a WBSN, for security purposes becomes an attractive solution. In this paper, we tested the randomness and distinctiveness of the 128-bit biometric binary sequences (BSs) generated from interpulse intervals (IPIs) of 20 healthy subjects as well as 30 patients suffered from myocardial infarction and 34 subjects with other cardiovascular diseases. The encoding time of a biometric BS on a WBSN node is on average 23 ms and memory occupation is 204 bytes for any given IPI sequence. The results from five U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology statistical tests suggest that random biometric BSs can be generated from both healthy subjects and cardiovascular patients and can potentially be used as authentication identifiers for securing WBSNs. Ultimately, it is preferred that these biometric BSs can be used as encryption keys such that key distribution over the WBSN can be avoided.
CONVEYING DEVICE AND PUSHER SHOE FOR USE IN THE DEVICE

The invention relates to a conveying device for objects. The device comprises a frame provided with a series of carriers that are movable in a conveying direction, the carriers being aligned parallel to each other with a certain gap and transverse to the conveying direction, wherein at least some of the carriers bear pusher shoes that are shiftable along said carriers through the gap. The device is characterized in that the gap between successive carriers is at least partly bridged by gap closure means, designed such that a pusher shoe can run through the gap relatively unhindered, while an object other than a pusher shoe is prevented from falling into the gap. The conveying device has less downtime than the known device. The invention also relates to a pusher shoe for use in the device.
First magmatism in the New England Batholith, Australia: forearc and arc–back-arc components in the Bakers Creek Suite gabbros

Abstract. The New England Orogen, eastern Australia, was established as an outboard extension of the Lachlan Orogen through the migration of magmatism into forearc basin and accretionary prism sediments. Widespread S-type granitic rocks of the Hillgrove and Bundarra supersuites represent the first pulse of magmatism, followed by I- and A-types typical of circum-Pacific extensional accretionary orogens. Associated with the former are a number of small tholeiite–gabbroic to intermediate bodies of the Bakers Creek Suite, which sample the heat source for production of granitic magmas and are potential tectonic markers indicating why magmatism moved into the forearc and accretionary complexes rather than rifting the old Lachlan Orogen arc. The Bakers Creek Suite gabbros capture an early ( ∼ 305 Ma) forearc basalt-like component with low Th ∕ Nb and with high Y ∕ Zr and Ba ∕ La, recording melting in the mantle wedge with little involvement of a slab flux and indicating forearc rifting. Subsequently, arc–back-arc like gabbroic magmas (305–304 Ma) were emplaced, followed by compositionally diverse magmatism leading up to the main S-type granitic intrusion ( ∼ 290 Ma). This trend in magmatic evolution implicates forearc and other mantle wedge melts in the heating and melting of fertile accretion complex sediments and relatively long ( ∼ 10 Myr) timescales for such melting.
Life cycle assessment (LCA) of sustainable building materials: an overview

Abstract: The construction industry is one of the largest exploiters of both renewable and non-renewable natural resources. It was inevitable that it would find itself at the centre of concerns regarding environmental impact. The process and operation of building construction consumes a great deal of materials throughout its service life cycle. The selection and use of sustainable building materials play an important role in the design and construction of green building. This chapter sets out to present an overview of sustainable building materials and their impacts on the environment. It also discusses the life cycle assessment as a methodological principle and framework, and its limitations for the analysis of sustainable building materials.
Lowering of Intraocular Pressure After Phacoemulsification in Primary Open-Angle and Angle-Closure Glaucoma

Phacoemulsification as treatment for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) remains more controversial than for primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). If the objective of glaucoma surgery is an additional greater than or equal to 5 to 6 mm Hg reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP), the role of phacoemulsification should be based on the probability of achieving this. A Bayesian analysis of available data was performed to calculate the change in IOP after phacoemulsification in POAG and PACG. Standard meta-analysis formulation with prephacoemulsification and postphacoemulsification IOP-assumed to have normal distributions, with study-specific means and SDs-was used. Absolute and relative change in IOP was calculated using different priors, and sensitivity analyses were performed. The prior that just included a decrease of greater than or equal to 6 mm Hg in the 95% credible interval was identified. The probability of achieving greater than or equal to 5 to 6 mm Hg decrease in IOP (and other levels) was calculated. Depending on the prior, the probability of achieving a greater than or equal to 5 mm Hg reduction in IOP in POAG varied from 0.1% to 3%. Confidence in a greater than or equal to 6 mm Hg decrease required a prior belief that phacoemulsification produces a mean decrease of 7 mm Hg. The probability of a decrease in IOP was greater in PACG: approximately 50% probability of a greater than or equal to 5 mm Hg decrease in PACG uncontrolled on medications. Phacoemulsification in POAG has a high probability of producing a small decrease in IOP that may be useful in early, well-controlled disease. The probability of a clinically significant decrease of greater than or equal to 5 to 6 mm Hg-required for advanced/uncontrolled disease-is low. Results support the role of phacoemulsification in PACG.
A synthetic compound that potentiates bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced transdifferentiation of myoblasts into the osteoblastic phenotype

There is an urgent need to develop methods that lower costs of using recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) to promote bone induction. In this study, we demonstrate the osteogenic effect of a low-molecular weight compound, SVAK-12, that potentiated the effects of BMP-2 in inducing transdifferentiation of C2C12 myoblasts into the osteoblastic phenotype. Here, we report a specific compound, SVAK-12, which was selected based on in silico screenings of small-molecule databases using the homology modeled interaction motif of Smurf1-WW2 domain. The enhancement of BMP-2 activity by SVAK-12 was characterized by evaluating a BMP-specific reporter activity and by monitoring the BMP-2-induced expression of mRNA for osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which are widely accepted marker genes of osteoblast differentiation. Finally, we confirmed these results by also measuring the enhancement of BMP-2-induced activity of ALP. Smurf1 is an E3 ligase that targets osteogenic Smads for ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. Smurf1 is an interesting potential target to enhance bone formation based on the positive effects on bone of proteins that block Smurf1-binding to Smad targets or in Smurf1-/- knockout mice. Since Smads bind Smurf1 via its WW2 domain, we performed in silico screening to identify compounds that might interact with the Smurf1-WW2 domain. We recently reported the activity of a compound, SVAK-3. However, SVAK-3, while exhibiting BMP-potentiating activity, was not stable and thus warranted a new search for a more stable and efficacious compound among a selected group of candidates. In addition to being more stable, SVAK-12 exhibited a dose-dependent activity in inducing osteoblastic differentiation of myoblastic C2C12 cells even when multiple markers of the osteoblastic phenotype were parallelly monitored.
Set in stone - a retrospective impact assessment of human and environmental resource usage in late bronze age mycenaean monumental architecture, greece

Greek Mycenaean monumental architecture has been well-studied. However, the extent to which large-scale building programmes contributed to the socioeconomic and political changes and crises that took place in Late Bronze Age Greece (c.1600-1100/1070 BC) has not been studied. The project aims to investigate human and natural resources which interacted in the Argive Plain and Attica. There, elites mobilized these resources to implement their monumental building programmes. It seeks to reveal how and why these constructions were accomplished, and what impact such large-scale prolonged building programmes had on the population over time. Methodologically, practical building processes and inherent social practices are captured via the chaîne opératoire approach. Economic data are assessed via architectural energetics, an econometric modelling procedure translating buildings into cost-estimates including time-units of labour invested. These two approaches are triangulated with critically reviewed data sets revealing the changing broader demographic situation of the region. The latter data are extracted from published settlement and land use surveys, as well as archaeobotanical, geomorphological, climatic and mortuary studies from the Argolid. Published historical archives and the Linear B tablets provide further comparative data on regional pre-industrial land use and human activities. 
Together all these data will provide numerical estimates of people involved in region-wide large-scale building projects. The social consequence is that these people could not simultaneously produce primary commodities (e.g. food). The project will finally illustrate whether the estimated active population of the region could sustain such long-term building and supply of other resources, or whether resource depletion, mismanagement and miscommunication contributed to the LBA Mycenaean socioeconomic and political crises, or even its societal collapse, c. 1200 BC.
THE ICE CREAM HOUSE

PURPOSE ÃÂ Â: GREEN TRANSITION OBJECTIVES: — INCREASE THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF THE PRODUCTION SYSTEM: FUNCTIONAL INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION OR IN ANY CASE TO LOW ENERGY CONSUMPTION, TO RATIONALISE ENERGY FLOWS AND MINIMISE ANY ENERGY WASTE, TO RECOVER OR ENHANCE DISPERSED ENERGY
Innovative multi-functional vacuum-insulation-panels (vips) for use in the building sector

INNOVIP Consortium will reinvent the top-of-the-line insulating material vacuum-insulation-panels (VIP)  by improving their thermal performance over the entire lifetime by at least 25 % and making VIPs adjustable, mountable and machineable. By reducing the density of the core material and/or using an alternative core material together with less expensive VIP-envelopes as gas barrier, it will be possible to sell the new product INNOVIP by more than 20 % lower price. Besides, the new product has a reduced embodied energy by at least 25 % and, attaching different cover layers, the panels can fulfill different functions. These additional functions can be adjusted according to the application they address, for example photocatalytic VOC removal from indoor- and outdoor air, anti mould coating, moisture buffering by Aluminium Compounds or summer heat cut-off by latent heat activated in phase change materials (PCMs). 

Currently there is no such material on the market. INNOVIP will develop such an innovative solution which will lead to a breakthrough in energy efficiency of the opaque parts of the building envelope – both in new built and existing houses. The success of the development process will be demonstrated in two prototypes that can be tested and validated. Development tasks will be carried out in close cooperation with the three complementary and reputed participating testing laboratories. We will show that, in principle, the new product is ready for use in certain important and representative applications, addressing a relevant market volume by replacing conventional insulating materials and standard VIP in established insulation solutions.
MODULAR FURNITURE COVER SYSTEM

The disclosure herein provides modular cover systems for protecting furniture and other objects. In an embodiment, a furniture protection system comprises a first cover portion comprising a front surface and a back surface interconnected by a top surface, the first cover portion configured to substantially cover a front, back, and top surface of a first furniture component; and a second cover portion comprising a front surface and a back surface interconnected by a top surface, the second cover portion configured to substantially cover a front, back, and top surface of a second furniture component, wherein a first edge of the first cover portion comprises a first releasable fastener for connecting the first cover portion to the second cover portion, and wherein a second edge of the second cover portion comprises a second releasable fastener configured to engage the first releasable.
Integrated eu strategy, services and international coordination activities for the promotion of competitive and sustainable nanofabrication industry

Nanofabrication has the potential to make a significant impact in a multitude of diverse areas and to tackle major socio-economic challenges for an ever improving yet affordable health care, higher standards of living and quality consumer goods, cleaner energy and transport.
Given the above mentioned potential of nanofabrication, the present project SUSNANOFAB tackles all nanofabrication technological and non-technological issues of the nanofabrication value chain, facilitating interactions among stakeholders. The global target of SUSNANOFAB project is to put in place an integrated concerted action on nanofabrication sustainable in the long term. 
At strategic level the project will find a common strategy to enable all pre-competitive conditions for successful market uptake of nanofabricated products and solutions. This will be reached using a structured roadmapping methodology and involving external experts in Coordination Groups. At operational and end-users’ level, the project will provide affordable services and easy access point to infrastructures and knowledge to EU stakeholders, and in particular to SMEs. This will be reached using different integrated methodologies such as the organisation of a large set of training and brokerage workshops and services and the development of a Digital Platform, which will perform in an interoperable manner with ongoing platforms and initiatives (e.g. the European Network for Pilot Production Facilities and Innovation Hubs, the European Material Modelling Council etc.). 
To promote international cooperation SUSNANOFAB Consortium includes 3 US partners not requesting EU funding. To involve high number of key actors, the project has already achieved the support of several companies, research and education establishments, European Technology Platforms, clusters and industrial associations, national, regional and international nanofabrication related entities. 34 support letters were received and are included.
New Effective Treatment Regimen for Children Infected With a Double-resistant Helicobacter pylori Strain

The increasing number of pediatric patients infected with multiresistant Helicobacter pylori strains calls for evaluation of treatment regimens. Second-line antibiotics such as tetracycline or quinolones are not licensed for children. Because in vivo resistance to metronidazole may be overcome in vivo by a high dose and prolonged intake, we evaluated the eradication rate and side effects of a high-dose triple therapy in pediatric patients with culture-proven double resistance.In this open multicentre trial, 62 children (<18 years, body weight >15 kg) infected with an H pylori strain resistant to metronidazole and clarithromycin were treated according to body weight classes with amoxicillin (∼ 75 mg/kg/day), metronidazole (∼ 25 mg/kg/day) and esomeprazole (∼ 1.5 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. Adherence and adverse events were assessed by a 2-week diary and telephone interviews at days 7 and 14 of treatment. Primary outcome was a negative C-urea breath test after 6 weeks.Of 62 patients, 5 were lost to follow-up, 12 were nonadherent, and 45 treated per protocol. Eradication rates were 66% (41/62) [confidence interval 54-78] (intention to treat) and 73% (33/45) [confidence interval 60-86] (per protocol). Success of treatment was not related to dose per kilogram body weight. Mild to moderate adverse events were reported by 21 patients, including nausea (10.8%), diarrhoea (8.9%), vomiting (7.1%), abdominal pain (5.4%), and headache (3.6%), and led to discontinuation in 1 child.High-dose amoxicillin, metronidazole, and esomeprazole for 2 weeks is a good treatment option in children infected with a double resistant H pylori strain.
Innovative funding methods for rural communities and their water pumps

The recent surge in global cell phone ownership has meant that many rural Africans now travel to local towns in order to recharge their cell phones. These recharging facilities are typically located within shops or informal businesses, and are often powered by a car battery or solar panel. Recent years have seen the emergence of other novel solutions for providing phone-charging infrastructure in remote regions. One such example has been the development of bicycle dynamos that recharge the cyclist’s cell phone whilst they pedal. This paper discusses the merits of a novel solution for recharging cell phones via the mechanical movements of a water hand pump, and the potential for income generation from local residents paying to recharge their cell phones to help fund the upkeep of the water point. Many water pumps installed on the African continent fall in to a state of disrepair because local communities have insufficient funds to keep them well maintained. The paper overviews the development of a ‘proof-of-concept’ prototype system for this purpose, and considers how this solution embodies a ‘commons’ theory of resource allocation and local owner/usership. Moreover, the potential to embed ‘commons thinking’ within one such low cost community-centered venture opens a wider debate about the role of commoning within the water and sanitation sector.