SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Essays on Sovereign Risk and Banking

This thesis consists of three essays on sovereign risk and banking.

In the first essay, we examine the determinants of sovereign risk in the Eurozone focusing on the recent crisis episode and search for a self-fulfilling contagion link by using an exogenous ECB policy announcement for identification. our principal components analysis reveals that the perceived commonality in default risk among peripheral and core Eurozone countries increased after the announcement. An event study detects significant pre-announcement news transmission from Spain to Italy, Belgium, France and Austria that clearly dissipates post-announcement. Country-specific regressions of CDS spreads on systematic risk factors illustrate frequent days of large adverse shocks affecting simultaneously those same Eurozone countries during the pre-announcement period; but not afterwards. Altogether these findings support the view that market expectations during Eurozone crisis were at least partially self-fulfilling and ECB policy helped to contain such adverse dynamics. 

In the second essay we focus on European banks' sovereign bond exposures. By using a novel bank-level dataset covering the entire timeline of the Eurozone crisis, we first reconfirm that the crisi led to the reallocation of sovereign debt from foreign to domestic banks. This reallocation was only visible for banks as opposed to other domestic private agents and it cannot be explained by the banks' risk-shifting tendency. In contrast to the recent literature focusing only on sovereign debt. We show that the bank's private sector exposures were (at least) equally affected by a rise in home bias. Finally, we propose a new debt reallocation channel based on informational frictions and show that crisi-country debt was not only reallocated to domestic banks, but also to the informationally closer foreign banks. Our results imply that informational asymmetries among banks played a key role in the recent fragmentation across Eurozone debt markets. 

In the third essay, our investigation shifts towards political economy aspects of the relationship between sovereigns and domestic banks. We use date on the universe of credit extended over a 14 year period in Turkey to document a strong political lending cycle. We find that state-owned banks systemically adjust their provincial lending around local elections relative to the private banks in the same province. there is considerable tactical redistribution: state-pwned banks increase loans in politically competitive provinces with a current mayor aligned with the ruling party but reduce it in similar provinces with a current mayor from opposition.this effect only exists in corporate lending as opposed to consumer loans, suggesting that tactical redistribution targets job creation to increase electoral success. Such political lending also seems to influence real outcomes as the credit constrained opposition areas suffer a drop in economic output as measured by local construction activity.
Planning and engagement arenas for renewable energy landscapes

As an active key actor in the spatial planning and social innovation arena for Renewable Energy Landscapes REL, the PEARLS project will reinforce the population’s commitment to secure, clean and efficient energy. REL are regarded as spaces where renewable energies change the population’s relationship with energy and their landscape perception. Despite all efforts, resistance to REL lingers in Europe/the U.S., while the reasons for strong social acceptance in Mediterranean and South American countries is still unknown. Thus PEARLS will focus on Southern Europe and Israel due to their wealth of renewable energy resources and citizens’ deep engagement with REL. 

PEARLS will radically transform scientific knowledge on how to best implement REL across Europe and extend southern landscapes towards other Mediterranean countries through participant networks. PEARLS will generate a step change in the way that REL are theorised, detected and addressed and provide crucial support for the Pan-European Energy Challenge by establishing international, intersectoral and multidisciplinary collaboration as the nexus of a five-country holistic pool of universities and research centres in close cooperation with non-academic sectors. All Partnership members, from five universities and nine non-academic beneficiaries (companies, private consultancies, cooperatives and business associations) have proven expertise and experience in working with renewable energy, energy policy, REL, spatial planning and social innovation, through the internationalisation of applied research and training for capacity development. Via secondments, staff exchange and collaborative inquiry, the project will investigate how to enforce renewable energy best practice to contribute to the Energy Challenge. Deliverables will be provided by working reports, websites, video channels, toolkits, training and methodology materials, seminars, and scientific papers, academic journals and books.
Career Adapt-Abilities Scale–Short Form (CAAS-SF)

The Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (CAAS) has become one of the most widely used questionnaires to assess career adaptability. To facilitate its integration into large surveys, in varied settings, the aim of this article was to develop a brief 12-item version, the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale–Short Form (CAAS-SF). A sample of 2,800 French- and German-speaking adults living in Switzerland completed the CAAS. On a first random subsample, a principal component analyses conducted on the CAAS-SF suggested a four-factor solution. A one-to-one association was found between these components and the subscales of the CAAS-SF. Confirmatory factor analyses, conducted on a second random subsample, confirmed the hierarchical factor structure of this short version. Based on Cheung and Rensvold’s criteria, the CAAS-SF reached measurement equivalence across linguistic and gender groups. Furthermore, the 12- and 24-item versions were strongly associated. The results supported the CAAS-SF as pertinent and economical alternative to the 24-item version.
Electrical connector assembly

An electrical connector assembly includes a mounting bracket and a number of electrical connectors assembled to the mounting bracket. Each electrical connector includes an insulative housing, a number of conductive terminals affixed to the insulative housing and a metal cover enclosing the insulative housing. the mounting bracket includes a first surface, a mounting surface opposite to the bracket surface and a number of receiving rooms recessed in the first surface from the mounting surface and receiving the electrical connectors for separating the electrical connectors from each other.
(3553.04032020.158000143) EC.D.L.-ECOLOGICAL TROCKENLEITUNG

DER INDUSTRIELLE REFERENZBEREICH FÜR DIESES PROJEKT? REIFENHERSTELLUNG, DIESES PU? ZWEI GROSSE FAMILIEN SIND AUFGETEILT: PRODUKTION NEUER REIFEN UND PRODUKTION VON REIFEN REGENERATI.IN DER PRODUKTION NEUER REIFEN? KÖNNEN WIR DIE FOLGENDEN FASI:CREAZIONE DER MISCHUNG UNTERSCHEIDEN?: IN DIESER PHASE WERDEN DIE ROHSTOFFE WIE NATURKAUTSCHUK, SYNTHETISCHER KAUTSCHUK, RAUCHSCHWARZ, ÖL UND VULKANISATIONSMITTEL NACH REZEPTEN VERMISCHT? GEHEIMNISSE EINES JEDEN BAUHERREN. DIE ART DER MISCHUNG VARIIERT IN DEN VERSCHIEDENEN TEILEN DES REIFENS UND VARIIERT AUCH JE NACH VERWENDUNG DES AVR-REIFENS. DIE MISCHUNG, DIE FÜR SOMMERREIFEN VERWENDET WIRD? ANDERS ALS BEI INVERNAL TYRES.CREATION VON PRODUKTIONSKOMPONENTEN: DIE COMPOUNDS WERDEN FÜR DIE HERSTELLUNG VON VERSCHIEDENEN GUMMIKOMPONENTEN WIE KABELN, GEWEBEN UND STAHLBÄNDERN VERWENDET. FÜR DIE HERSTELLUNG EINES REIFENS BENÖTIGEN ETWA 20-30 VERSCHIEDENE KOMPONENTEN, VIELE VON IHNEN SIND VON VERSTÄRKUNG
Lateral effect of Altyn fault strike-slip movement on Qaidam basin

The Altyn fault because of its huge size and strike-slip quantity,is considered by many scholars that has the significant lateral effect and the deformation mechanism of inverse S-fold-thrust belt in the northwest Qaidam basin is attributable to this,but this view lacks experimental basis.Physical simulation is the effective method for the study of tectonic deformation mechanism,the author through three groups of 3 dimensional model study of the range and the way in the Qaidam basin tectonic deformation influenced by the Altyn fault strike-slip,gets a result which shows that: ①The Altyn fault whether the strike-slip or the extruded strike-slip,has an extrusion effect on Qaidam basin,but the range of extrusion stress and the movement velocity of terrane are difference: The front edge of influence range of extrusion-type strike-slip is straight line with slow velocity decreasing,compared to arc of strike-slip and sharp velocity decreasing;②The deformation strength of near the north-south contraction in Qaidam basin far outweighs the deformation caused by the sinistral strike-slip of the Altyn fault,which changes the movement direction caused by the strike-slip traction of the terrane closed to the Altyn fault;③The influences of the Qaidam basin tectonic deformation by the Altyn fault strike-slip focus on the southwest of the basin,which is inconsistent to the area of inverse S-fold-thrust belt development and it negative to the view that the formation of inverse S-fold-thrust belt is controlled by the Altyn fault.
Energy efficiency in the transport sector in the EU-27: A dynamic dematerialization analysis

Abstract Energy use in the European Union's (EU) transport sector amounted to 340 Mtoe 1 in 1999 with the following increasing trend up to 379 Mtoe in 2007 and a decrease from 2008 on, down to 365 Mtoe in 2010. This changing pattern posed several fundamental questions and uncertainties regarding the broader picture of energy efficiency and environmental protection. One of them refers to absolute changes in energy use efficiency in the transport sector over time and the ways of measuring efficiency. Traditional scientific approaches conceptualized to measure efficiency of energy use do not address annual dynamics of changes in the energy use in a given sector per capita. Thus, they are not precise enough for political and methodological purposes as they do not reflect the exact amount of energy consumed in the respective countries and societies. This paper shows a possible solution to this problem and a new perspective on measuring energy efficiency by using the product generational dematerialization (PGD) indicator. The PGD indicator allows for measuring energy efficiency as a dynamic change of consumption and population occurring simultaneously. Thus, it provides an extension to the traditional methodology commonly used for measuring efficiency. To visualize a practical application of this approach, the paper provides an example of evaluating energy efficiency in the transport sector in the EU-27 in 2000–2010. The results of the analysis show a clear materialization tendency in the transport sector (the energy consumption change exceeded the population growth) until 2007 and a reverse tendency (dematerialization) between 2008 and 2010. As energy consumption has a direct impact on environmental quality and exhaustion of natural resources, the paper points out the necessity of extending sustainable resource management policies by new methodologies and providing more efficient solutions for energy consumption in the transport sector.
When do fixed exchange rates work? Evidence from the Gold Standard

Abstract Current account reversals under the Gold Standard (1880–1913) – a fixed exchange rate regime – were accompanied by few, if any, output losses. To understand why, we build and estimate an open economy model of the Gold Standard, which allows us to quantitatively assess the importance of three channels of external adjustment: flexible prices, international migration, and monetary policy. Our first finding is that flexible prices were the most influential channel through which output was stabilized, whereas migration and monetary policy mattered little. Our second finding is that price flexibility was predicated on large primary sectors. Their flexibly priced products dominated the export booms that stabilized output during major external adjustments.
Discussion of Controlling CNAF HSE Management System Operation

Petroleum enterprises are a higher risk group,many a such enterprise home and abroad has one after another built a HSE management system.But in general,quality of implementation and operation of HSE management system needs to improve.On the basis of operation controlling practices of HSE management system in a certain corporation under CNAF,contributions methods such as Pareto analysis could make to controlling an enterprise HSE management system operation were discussed.An idea was put forward and demonstrated that three side auditing powers inside and outside the enterprise should be applied together to all links in the chain of controlling operation of the HSE management system.
La transmisión intergeneracional de conocimientos territoriales entre los zapotecos del sur en el contexto actual

En este artículo analizo las transformaciones que la transmisión intergeneracional de conocimientos en el municipio de San Jerónimo Coatlán (MSJC), en la región zapoteca de la Sierra Sur de Oaxaca, ha sufrido a partir del arribo de diversas dinámicas socio-económicas externas. El estudio parte de un trabajo etnográfico enfocado en el análisis de procesos educativos comunitarios en torno al territorio, el cual se desarrolló entre los años 2018 y 2020, donde, desde una perspectiva etnohistórica, se observa que a partir de mediados del siglo XX, tras el arribo de la cafeticultura, las religiones, la explotación forestal y las escuelas, comenzó un proceso de discontinuidad de diversos conocimientos que tradicionalmente eran transmitidos de manera intergeneracional, de modo que actualmente dicho modelo se encuentra en peligro; sin embargo, las comunidades han implementado distintas estrategias para contrarrestar esta situación.
Bio-Strategies of mineral nutrient extraction from silicates by selected microorganisms

This project will investigate the mutual influence between minerals, microorganisms and lower land plants and their strategies to release and assimilate metal nutrients from minerals. The study encompasses (1) the habitability of silicate mineral substrates for microbes, (2) the strategies used by microorganisms to obtain metal nutrients from minerals of different nutrient content and resilience to nutrient release, (3) the routes of the metal nutrient from the mineral to the microorganisms and plants. 

Individual microbes will be inoculated on individual silicate minerals with different resilience to weathering and mineral nutrient content, representing a series of progressively degraded soils or sediments. After these experiments, bathing solutions will be transferred to (1) moss cultures and (2) liverwort cultures with and without fungus symbionts.

Microscopic techniques will investigate mineral-microbe interaction, topographic and chemical alteration features in the mineral grains. Chemical analyses will investigate siderophore production, cations dissolved and adsorbed on biofilms, and pH at the mineral-biofilm interface. The bioavailability of leached metals to bryophytes will be measured by chemical analysis of the plants and morphological indications of nutrient stress. Results from bryophytes with and without fungal symbionts will indicate the route of metal assimilation by plant.
Model for End-Stage Liver Disease, Model for Liver Transplantation Survival and Donor Risk Index as predictive models of survival after liver transplantation in 1,006 patients

Liver transplantation has not increased with the number of patients requiring this treatment, increasing deaths among those on the waiting list. Models predicting post-transplantation survival, including the Model for Liver Transplantation Survival and the Donor Risk Index, have been created. Our aim was to compare the performance of the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease, the Model for Liver Transplantation Survival and the Donor Risk Index as prognostic models for survival after liver transplantation.We retrospectively analyzed the data from 1,270 patients who received a liver transplant from a deceased donor in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, between July 2006 and July 2009. All data obtained from the Health Department of the State of São Paulo at the 15 registered transplant centers were analyzed. Patients younger than 13 years of age or with acute liver failure were excluded.The majority of the recipients had Child-Pugh class B or C cirrhosis (63.5%). Among the 1,006 patients included, 274 (27%) died. Univariate survival analysis using a Cox proportional hazards model showed hazard ratios of 1.02 and 1.43 for the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease and the Model for Liver Transplantation Survival, respectively (p<0.001). The areas under the ROC curve for the Donor Risk Index were always less than 0.5, whereas those for the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease and the Model for Liver Transplantation Survival were significantly greater than 0.5 (p<0.001). The cutoff values for the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (≥29.5; sensitivity: 39.1%; specificity: 75.4%) and the Model for Liver Transplantation Survival (≥1.9; sensitivity 63.9%, specificity 54.5%), which were calculated using data available before liver transplantation, were good predictors of survival after liver transplantation (p<0.001).The Model for Liver Transplantation Survival displayed similar death prediction performance to that of the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease. A simpler model involving fewer variables, such as the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease, is preferred over a complex model involving more variables, such as the Model for Liver Transplantation Survival. The Donor Risk Index had no significance in post-transplantation survival in our patients.
Smart Solutions supporting Low Emission Zones and other low-carbon mobility policies in EU cities

The majority of European cities have grown around an identifiable center, where commerce, entertainment, shopping and political power are concentrated. As a result, city centers are responsible for a relevant part of urban traffic, from/to other urban areas and the hinterlands, where the urbanization phenomenon is spreading year by year causing an increasing transport demand.
Various possible instruments can be used to tackle this phenomena, such as access restriction policies, the location and pricing of parking, improvement of public transport services. Nevertheless, each of these approaches has proved to present pros and cons that need to be carefully evaluated to identify the most effective mix of solutions for each Functional Urban Area (FUA).
The SOLEZ project brings together cities which are working on low carbon mobility solutions at different extents, so to enhance their strategies and develop smart services and products around the concept of Low Emission Zones (LEZ) in functional urban areas.
Project activities will take into account local administrators’, residents’, tourists’ and private operators’ needs, and will lead to:
- identification and analysis of LEZ good practices for Central Europe FUAs,
- enhanced dialogue with key stakeholders about access restriction policies application in the partner cities, through the definition and implementation of proper participatory strategies and stakeholders involvement initiatives,
- design, development and pilot application of innovative ICT-based services and solutions supporting LEZ and other access restriction policies, by contributing to reduce the negative side effects of these interventions. 
Through this, SOLEZ will contribute to the achievement of EC targets for traffic reduction in functional urban areas, improving capacities of public administrators for low-carbon mobility planning and increasing the proposed interventions acceptability
Analysis of volatile organic compounds released from the decay of surrogate human models simulating victims of collapsed buildings by thermal desorption–comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time of flight mass spectrometry

Field experiments were devised to mimic the entrapment conditions under the rubble of collapsed buildings aiming to investigate the evolution of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the early dead body decomposition stage. Three pig carcasses were placed inside concrete tunnels of a search and rescue (SAR) operational field terrain for simulating the entrapment environment after a building collapse. The experimental campaign employed both laboratory and on-site analytical methods running in parallel. The current work focuses only on the results of the laboratory method using thermal desorption coupled to comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TD-GC×GC-TOF MS). The flow-modulated TD-GC×GC-TOF MS provided enhanced separation of the VOC profile and served as a reference method for the evaluation of the on-site analytical methods in the current experimental campaign. Bespoke software was used to deconvolve the VOC profile to extract as much information as possible into peak lists. In total, 288 unique VOCs were identified (i.e., not found in blank samples). The majority were aliphatics (172), aromatics (25) and nitrogen compounds (19), followed by ketones (17), esters (13), alcohols (12), aldehydes (11), sulfur (9), miscellaneous (8) and acid compounds (2). The TD-GC×GC-TOF MS proved to be a sensitive and powerful system for resolving the chemical puzzle of above-ground "scent of death".
AGENT FOR DYEING KERATIN CONTAINING FIBERS

The invention relates to an agent for dyeing keratin containing fibers, especially human hair, comprising at least one cyclopentaquinoxalinium derivative of the formula (I), wherein R<1>, R<2>, R<3> independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C1-C4 alkyl group, and R<1> and R<2> together may form a ring, X<1> and X<2> represent an oxygen or sulfur atom or together a 1,2-arylenediimino group that in turn can be substituted in the aromatic group by halogen atoms, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, nitro, amino, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkylamino, hydroxy, carboxy, or sulfo groups or an additional condensed aromatic ring and is quaternated on one of the nitrogen atoms by a C1-C6 alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, C2-C4 alkenyl, or C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, or carboxyalkyl group, and wherein the additional condensed aromatic ring may be substituted by halogen atoms, in halogen atoms, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, nitro, amino, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkylamino, hydroxy, carboxy, or sulfo groups. The invention further relates to the tautomeric forms or the physiologically acceptable salts of the inventive derivative.
Narrow noise band detection in a complex masker: Masking level difference due to harmonicity

Three experiments investigated listeners' ability to detect a narrow band of noise, centered on one partial of a random-phase complex tone, as a function of inharmonicity. Inharmonicity was generated by randomly mistuning the partial frequencies from a 100-Hz fundamental frequency (F0). In experiment 1, masked detection thresholds were lower when the masker was harmonic than when it was inharmonic for target bands in the range 0.5-2.5 kHz. The presence of this masking level difference due to harmonicity (HMLD) in regions of resolved partials and the reduction of the HMLD with increasing center frequency did not support the idea that HMLD was primarily caused by the envelope modulations produced by the beating of unresolved partials within an auditory filter. In experiment 2, masker mistunings ranging beyond 12% of the F0 disrupted the HMLD while smaller mistunings gave thresholds similar to a harmonic masker. In experiment 3, all partials contributed to some extent to the HMLD, but the harmonicity of partials neighboring the target had a greater influence than distant partials. The observed HMLDs can best be accounted for by a mechanism of harmonic cancellation.