SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity analysis of mechanistic models for estimating ammonia emission from dairy cow urine puddles

Ammonia (NH 3 ) emission can cause acidification and eutrophication of the environment, is an indirect source of nitrous oxide, and is a precursor of fine dust. The current mechanistic NH 3 emission base model for explaining and predicting NH 3 emissions from dairy cow houses with cubicles, a floor and slurry pit is based on measured data from a limited number of studies. It requires input values for numerous variables, but the empirical equations for the model parameters in the literature vary. Furthermore, many of the input variables cannot be assessed accurately, and their actual influence on the prediction is unknown. We aimed to improve NH 3 emission modelling, by assessing the contribution to the variation in NH 3 emission of each input variable and each model parameter related to a single urine puddle. We did so for 27 candidate models, created by each possible combination of three equations per model parameter: the acid dissociation constant, Henry's law constant, and the mass transfer coefficient. After analysing each candidate model with a Global Sensitivity Analysis we found that at least 71% of the model variation in NH 3 emission for each candidate model was explained by five puddle related input variables: pH, depth, area, initial urea concentration and temperature. NH 3 emission was not sensitive to the other four variables: air temperature, air velocity, maximum rate of urea conversion and the Michaelis–Menten constant for urea conversion. Based on these results we recommend simplifying the model structurally and reducing the number of input variables. • The pH contributed most to the variation in NH 3 emission. • Source variables had the next largest contribution to variation in NH 3 emission. • The top five variables explained >71% of NH 3 emission variation for each model. • Local temperature and air speed contributed little to the variation in NH 3 emission. • The model parameters contributed little to the variation in NH 3 emission.
Sidelobe suppression using differential coding in OFDM cognitive radios

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a recognized transmission technique for Cognitive radio (CR) systems but one of the major drawback of OFDM scheme is its out-of-band (OOB) leakage due to high spectral sidelobes. In this paper we propose a sidelobe suppression technique using a differential coding. The concept working behind the scheme is polynomial-cancellation-coding (PCC) in which one data symbol is transmitted on group of subcarriers. The proposed scheme have advantageous results when information source produces symbols with unequal probabilities which may be the case in practical transmission. Unlike to the basic PCC scheme, the proposed technique does not affect the throughput of the system. The technique is very simple to implement. Simulation results show reduction in in-band and out-of-band spectrum leakage.
COMPOSITE AND MOLDINGS PRODUCED THEREFROM

A composite material having a structure in which negatively charged colloidal silica having an average particle diameter of not greater than 50 nm and remaining substantially in the form of primary particles is attached to the outer surfaces of negatively charged polymer particles. By using this composite material, there can be obtained molded articles wherein colloidal silica is dispersed in a resin while remaining substantially in the form of primary particles. <IMAGE>
Diagnosis of the Source and Evolution of Medium-Range Forecast Errors for Extratropical Cyclone Joachim

Abstract Medium-range forecasts for Cyclone Joachim, an extratropical cyclone that impacted western Europe on 16 December 2011, consistently predicted a high-impact intense cyclone; however, these forecasts failed to verify. The potential source and propagation of forecast errors for this case are diagnosed from the 51-member European Centre for Medium-Range Forecasts Ensemble Prediction System initialized 5 days prior to the cyclone’s landfall. Ensemble members are subdivided into two groups: one that contained the eight members that had the most accurate forecast of Joachim and, the other, the eight members that predicted the most intense cyclone. Composite differences between these two subgroups indicate that the difference between these forecasts originate in tropopause-based subsynoptic waves along a deep trough in the eastern Pacific. These errors move eastward over a northern stream ridge centered on the west coast of North America and modulate the evolution of a trough that dives equatorward out of Canada and is associated with the development of Joachim. Forecast error calculations and relaxation experiments indicate that reducing forecast errors associated with these subsynoptic features leads to more accurate forecasts. These results present further evidence that subsynoptic errors, especially those originating in the warm sector of a cyclone, can be a significant source of downstream forecast errors.
Improving direct solar shading calculations within building energy simulation tools

The calculation of the shadows that building environment, building elements or shading devices may cast on the building envelope, plays a key role in load calculations and building energy simulation. Algorithms for solar shading calculations have direct repercussions on the accuracy of the results and the computational times of building simulation tools. This paper presents an improved method for direct solar shading calculations based on the projection of every polygon on a unique receiving surface and incorporates recent and high efficient algorithms to solve polygon intersections. Firstly, the method is shortly described. Secondly, it is validated by comparisons with other methods, experimental results and European standards. Then, a comparison test between the proposed and conventional methods is presented to assess computational speed improvement. Finally, the main advantages of the proposed method are discussed.
Competitiveness Evaluation Model for Supply Chain Systems of Enterprises

Supply chain management system has become an important basis for competitive advantage. The supply chain system with efficient operation will play a more important role in building core competitiveness of enterprises, establishing cost-competitive advantage and creating customer value and so on. Therefore, it has an important practical significance to establish a competitiveness evaluation model for supply chain systems of enterprises with guide of strategy and combination of operations and practice in supply chain. The competitiveness evaluation model for supply chain systems of enterprises mainly includes the objectives, models, criteria and indicators analysis of the competitiveness evaluation for supply chain management and operational systems, and the direction and measures of supply chain systems to improve.
A dual grna system for functional assessment of enhancers in pluripotency

Enhancers are cis-regulatory genomic regions that can modulate gene expression in a cell type-specific and time-controlled manner to regulate cellular behaviour. ChIP-seq and RNA-seq technologies have allowed genome-wide identification of potential enhancers based on the correlation among specific chromatin marks, transcription factor biding sites and gene expression. However, strategies to validate their function are still limited. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology can be used to delete large genomic regions at high frequency by co-transfection of two guide RNAs (gRNAs) targeting collinear genomic sites and subsequent NHEJ-mediated repair. Nevertheless, this system is limited to individual tests. Here we aim to generate a novel lentiviral dual-gRNA expression system that enables large scale functional enhancer screening. The candidate will apply this dual-gRNA expression system to generate custom libraries that will allow the functional identification and subsequent validation of essential enhancers for the maintenance of mouse Embryonic Stem (mES) cell identity. This technology will provide a comprehensive view of the function of enhancers within their genomic context and will enable for the first time the performance of systematic, genetic forward enhancer screens.
Additional file 5 of Virome and nrEVEome diversity of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes from La Reunion Island and China

Additional file 5. Dataset Fasta 1.
Deciphering wisdom of crowds from their influenced binary decisions

The wisdom of crowds has been recognized as an effective decision making mechanism by aggregating information from different individuals to derive an overall decision. However, in this information aggregation process, individuals may be influenced by various factors and provide biased claims (or individual level decisions), especially when such claims are related to their economic benefits. In this research, we investigate crowd's claims in binary decisions under explicit constant influence and aim to understand their real but hidden belief (distribution) on the decision. Particularly, we take fixed odds betting on binary events as a representative scenario in this study. We model the relationship between event probability and crowds' belief distribution as a linear combination of Beta distributions. Taking a Maximization Likelihood Estimation (MLE) paradigm, we estimate the parameters of this distribution based on observed crowds' bets. In this process, we model individual betting decisions under the influence of odds using prospect theory. We apply the framework on a real world dataset of Olympic Games outcome betting. After identifying betting participants' hidden belief distribution, we also found that crowds' belief tend to tilt to the high probability side of the event (if there is no outside influence), which partially explains why the wisdom of crowds can make decision marking easier. We believe this paper contributes to the literature of crowd intelligence and can help generating more accurate digestions of the wisdom of crowds.
Pollen whiskers, rational limits and cryptic refugia: Determining the local presence of spruce on lateglacial landscapes of eastern Canada

The 20% spruce isopoll has traditionally been used to identify the range limit of spruce in eastern North America. Using plant macrofossils and stomates in a network of 25 lateglacial-aged sites throughout Nova Scotia, we identified sites where spruce was locally present but contributed as little as 4% to the pollen rain. Our data suggest that 8% pollen abundance is a more reasonable limit that consistently indicates the local presence of trees. Using 8% to define the presence of spruce, we find that the number of sites likely to contain spruce increases from 3 to 11 as compared to using the 20% isopoll. The resulting increase in the estimated distribution of spruce leads to a reduction in the apparent migration lags and migration rates of spruce into the region. Reducing the error in distribution histories will provide better-constrained estimates of climate change and its impact on the local vegetation.
STRUCTURES, SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR JOINING ARTICLES AND MATERIALS AND USES THEREFOR

This invention provides novel nanofibers and nanofiber structures which posses adherent properties, as well as the use of such nanofibers and nanofiber comprising structures in the coupling and/or joining together of articles or materials.
A Simulation Approach of Complex Repairable System Based on Stateflow

In the paper, a Simulation method of complex repairable system based on Stateflow is put forth. At first, the concepts of complex repairable system and Stateflow are introduced. Then, the analyzing concept, procedure, solution to difficult problems and statistics model of establishing complex repairable system model based Stateflow is put forth according to finite state-machine theory and object-oriented programming concept. At the end, Stateflow is used to model and simulate a kind of complex repairable system. The simulation result suggests that the model and simulation base on Stateflow can estimate the reliability parameters character of complex repairable system effectively, and it has the merits such as visualization, flow chart and hierarchy.
Didactique et méthodologie du rythme du français pour apprenants adultes

L’enseignement-apprentissage du rythme de la langue enseignée et étudiée, la langue française dans ce cas, n’a pas, de nos jours, une place prépondérante en didactique et méthodologie de la langue française, malgré l’impossibilité de le dissocier de l’intonation, des sons et du système de communication. En interrogeant personnellement des étudiants en français en Espagne sur leur perception du rythme en tant qu’objet d’étude et en consultant globalement une partie de l’offre méthodologique éditoriale actuelle pour apprenants adultes (méthodes de français général et ouvrages complémentaires spécialisés en phonétique), on arrive en effet à des constats de vides et de déséquilibres dans l’enseignement-apprentissage du rythme, en dépit du caractère incontournable de cet enseignement pour atteindre une maîtrise de la communication et une qualité de la production, au même titre que tout élément musical de la langue. Les nouveautés apportées en 2018 dans le volume complémentaire du Cadre européen ne permettent pas de considérer que les éléments prosodiques sont prioritaires. D’où l’importance de rappeler et de mettre en évidence non seulement les définitions du terme « rythme » élaborées en didactique des langues depuis 1976 mais aussi l’efficacité du système verbo-tonal pour l’enseignement-apprentissage des langues depuis les années 50. L’état des lieux obtenu tend à montrer d’une part un recul de l’enseignement-apprentissage du rythme du français, que ce soit de manière consciente ou inconsciente, par rapport aux temps de la formation et de la diffusion internationale des méthodes de français par le CREDIF (Centre de recherches et d’études pour la diffusion du français) brusquement supprimé en 1996) et d’autre part un vif intérêt réel et potentiel des apprenants pour le rythme de la langue-culture française.
Responsible research and innovation networked globally

The overall project aim is to bring RRI into the linked up global world to promote mutual learning and collaboration in RRI. This will be achieved by the formation of the global RRING community network and by the development and mobilisation of a global Open Access RRI knowledge base. RRING will align RRI to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a global common denominator.
The RRING project acknowledges that each region of the world is advancing its own agenda on RRI. Therefore, RRING will not be producing a Global RRI framework or strategy that is meant to be enforced in a top-down manner. Rather, increased coherence and convergence will be achieved via a bottom-up approach, learning from best practices in RRI globally and from linkages, via the new RRING community, to develop the RRI linked-up world.
Six Objectives of RRING 
Objective 1: Promote a linked up global world of RRI by creating the global RRING community network, thereby enabling mutual learning, collaboration, mobilisation of RRI concepts.
Objective 2: Mobilise, promote and disseminate a global open access knowledge base of RRI based on the State of the Art (SoA) and comparative analysis across the key geographies, all stakeholders and sectors. It will cover key platforms, spaces and players, role and influence of stakeholders, drivers and policies for R&I, regulation in public,private sectors and nation states and international organizations.
Objective 3: Align RRI to the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to provide a global common denominator for advancement of RRI, and address Grand Challenges globally.
Objective 4: Determine the competitive advantages of RRI and also understand how and where RRI is perceived as a barrier and/ or disadvantage.
Objective 5: Create high level RRI strategy recommendations for the seven geographic zones, trial RRI best practice learning in 2 EU case studies
Objective 6: Promote inclusive engagement of civil society and researchers
HINT modeling of three-dimensional tokamaks with resonant magnetic perturbation

In order to consider the nonlinear 3D equilibrium response of the resonant magnetic perturbations field, the nonlinear three-dimensional (3D) equilibrium is discussed for the 3D perturbed tokamak. To model the magnetic topology, a nonlinear 3D equilibrium calculation code, which has been developing in stellarator researches, is applied to the perturbed tokamak. That code does not assume the existence of perfectly nested flux surfaces. In the nonlinear 3D equilibrium calculation, the change of the magnetic topology due to the nonlinear 3D equilibrium response, which is a lowest order plasma response appearing in the 3D steady state. The parallel current flow along perturbed field lines three-dimensionally drives the perturbed field to break the magnetic topology. This effect is significant along the separatrix and must be considered to interpret the experimental observations.
Doping on demand: precise and permanent control of the fermi level in nanocrystal assemblies

The aim of the work proposed here is to develop a completely new method to electronically dope assemblies of semiconductor nanocrystals (a.k.a quantum dots, QDs), and porous semiconductors in general. External dopants are added on demand in the form of electrolyte ions in the voids between QDs. These ions will be introduced via electrochemical charge injection, and will subsequently be immobilized by (1) freezing the electrolyte solvent at room temperature or (2) chemically linking the ions to ligands on the QD surface, or by a combination of both. Encapsulating doped QD films using atomic layer deposition will provide further stability. This will result in stable doped nanocrystal assemblies with a constant Fermi level that is controlled by the potential set during electrochemical charging. 

QDs are small semiconductor crystals with size-tunable electronic properties that are considered promising materials for a range of opto-electronic applications. Electronic doping of QDs remains a big challenge even after two decades of research into this area. At the same time it is highly desired to dope QDs in a controlled way for applications such as LEDs, FETs and solar cells. This research project will provide unprecedented control over the doping level in QD films and will provided a major step in the optimization of optoelectronic devices based on QDs. The “Doping-on-Demand” approach will be exploited to develop degenerately doped, low-threshold QD lasers that can be operated under continuous wave excitation, and QD laser diodes that use electrical injection of charge carriers. The precise control of the Fermi-level will further be used to optimize pin junction QD solar cells and to develop, for the first time, QD pn junction solar cells with precise control over the Fermi levels.
THE UNIMODAL DISTRIBUTION OF BLUE STRAGGLER STARS IN M75 (NGC 6864)

We have used a combination of multiband high-resolution and wide-field ground-based observations to image the Galactic globular cluster M75 (NGC 6864). The extensive photometric sample covers the entire cluster extension, from the very central regions out to the tidal radius, allowing us to determine the center of gravity and to construct the most extended star density profile ever published for this cluster. We also present the first detailed star counts in the very inner regions. The star density profile is well re-produced by a standard King model with core radius r_c ~ 5.4" and intermediate-high concentration c ~ 1.75. The present paper presents a detailed study of the BSS population and its radial distribution. A total number of 62 bright BSSs (with m_F255W < 21, corresponding to m_F555W < 20) has been identified, and they have been found to be highly segregated in the cluster core. No significant upturn in the BSS frequency has been observed in the outskirts of M75, in contrast to several other clusters studied with the same technique. This observational fact is quite similar to what has been found in M79 (NGC 1904) by Lanzoni et al. (2007a). Indeed the BSS radial distributions in the two clusters is qualitatively very similar, even if in M75 the relative BSS frequency seems to decrease significantly faster than in M79: indeed it decreases by a factor of 5 (from 3.4 to 0.7) within 1 r_c. Such evidence indicate that the vast majority of the cluster heavy stars (binaries) have already sunk to the core.
Secure and safe multi-robot systems

European strategy and research roadmap documents emphasise the significant societal and economic benefits coming from robotic and autonomous systems. Multi-Robot Systems (MRS) comprise distributed and interconnected robotic teams that can carry out tasks beyond the competency of a single robot. Although MRS offer improved scalability and performance, increased robustness, and mission enablement, the lack of a systematic engineering methodology, covering the complete engineering lifecycle and handling efficiently the salient characteristics of MRS such as openness, uncertainty, variability, and interplay of safety and security, results in solutions that fail because of fragile design and unrealistic assumptions. SESAME addresses these problems through an open, modular, model-based approach for the systematic engineering of dependable MRS. SESAME is underpinned by public meta-models, components and configuration tools supporting the dependable MRS operation in uncertain settings characterised by emergent behaviours and possible cyber-attacks. To demonstrate this timely and ambitious goal, SESAME combines five end- user-led use-cases (in the domains of healthcare, agile manufacturing, agri-food, and inspection and maintenance) with R&D competences of partners that have a long track-record in conducting cutting-edge research on robotics, model- based safety, security analysis, validation, and verification, towards the actual delivery of research results characterised by widely-used, sustainable and industrial-strength open-source software. An advisory board of world-class experts guides the development of SESAME .
Formation and control of transverse patterns in a quantum fluid of microcavity polaritons

Transverse patterns in polariton fluids were recently studied as promising candidates for all-optical low-intensity switching. Here, we demonstrate these patterns in a specifically designed double-cavity system. We theoretically and experimentally analyse their formation and optical control. Our detailed theoretical analysis of the coupled nonlinear dynamics of the optical fields inside the double-cavity and the excitonic excitations inside the embedded semiconductor quantum wells is firmly based on a microscopic many-particle theory. Our calculations in the time domain enable us to study both the ultrafast transient dynamics of the patterns and their steady-state behavior under stationary excitation conditions. The patterns we report and analyze go beyond what can be observed and understood in a simple scalar quantum field. We find that polarization-selective excitation of the polaritons leads to a complex interplay between longitudinal-transverse splitting of the cavity modes and the spin-dependent interactions of the polaritons' excitonic component.