SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Aportación del Camino de Santiago al desarrollo local: características territoriales y repercusiones económicas en el tramo palentino

El Camino de Santiago Francés, a su paso por la provincia de Palencia, constituye un renovado recurso para el desarrollo local de los municipios inmersos en el itinerario tras la crisis financiera del 2008 y la celebración del Año Santo Jacobeo en 2010. A partir de estos antecedentes, el objetivo del artículo pretende analizar y comprobar cómo ha repercutido el Camino en los aspectos socioeconómicos por el territorio que atraviesa en la segunda década del nuevo milenio. La metodología utilizada se ha basado en la obtención de datos de fuentes primarias y secundarias, el trabajo de campo y la representación cartográfica de los indicadores temáticos a lo largo del sendero jacobeo. El Camino, en el tramo palentino, contribuye a la generación de riqueza local por el gasto de los peregrinos y de los turistas pero no de forma suficiente para frenar la pérdida de población y combatir el elevado grado de envejecimiento. De cara al futuro inmediato, tras la parálisis provocada en el Camino por la pandemia de la Covid-19 se abre un periodo de incertidumbre que repercutirá de forma negativa en el tejido de la oferta turística a pesar de la celebración del Año Santo Jacobeo 2021/2022.
TURN-ON BUS TRANSMITTER WITH CONTROLLED SLEW RATE

An amplifier/driver (40) for a bus has an output transistor (M1) that is controlled by a controlled current source (I1). In a quiescent state, the output transistor is configured as part of a current mirror (M1, M11) that maintains a gate-source voltage on the output transistor above the threshold voltage of the output transistor, thereby providing a fast turnon turn-on time. In an active state, the controlled current source provides a substantially constant current to the output transistor to achieve a controlled slew-rate, then reduces the current to the output transistor when a desired output voltage level is achieved. To improve power efficiency, a second controlled current source (I2) provides current to the output load when the desired output voltage level is achieved. To minimize transients, a class-AB control circuit (710) provides a minimum bias current to the output transistor, to prevent it from turning off when the desired output voltage level is achieved.
Hydrolysis modification of PVC/PAN/SiO2 composite hollow fiber membrane

Abstract A novel method was proposed to improve the hydrophilicity and permeation of poly (vinyl chloride)/polyacrylonitrile/SiO 2 (PVC/PAN/SiO 2 ) composite hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) by the interfacial hydrolysis of PAN between PVC and SiO 2 . PVC/PAN/SiO 2 composite HFMs were prepared by phase inversion method, using water as inner and outer coagulation. Sodium hydroxide solution was fed to the composite HFMs to introduce hydrolysis reaction. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), bubble point pore diameter and scanning electron micrograph (SEM) were used to characterize the chemical, pore size and morphological changes of the membranes. The changes of permeation performance and mechanical properties were also investigated. Water contact angle (WCA) and protein filtration were employed to evaluate the hydrophilicity and the anti-fouling performance of the membranes. The alkaline hydrolysis occurred in the composite HFMs, both water permeation and the anti-fouling performance were improved while mechanical strength was still kept at a high level.
Modified transperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy : clinical study of 285 cases

Objective To evaluate the technique and clinical outcomes of modified transperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Methods A total of 285 patients received the operation with mean age of 67 years (50-76 years) from January 2008 to April 2012.Mean level of PSA was 15.7 μg/L (1.8 -50.0 μg/L),and mean prostatic volume was 44 ml (26 -74 ml). No lymph node or seminal vesicle involvement was found by CT or MR and radionuclide bone scan revealed no metastasis.271 cases were confirmed diagnosis by prostatic biopsy and 14 were detected through pathological studies of TURP specimens.Gleason score ranged from 6 to 8.14 cases were in clinical stage T1b,29 cases in T1c,214 cases in T2 and 28 cases in T3a.Transperitoneal approach and modified technique involving bladder neck dissection,nervesparing technique and vesicoureteral anastomosis were applied on patients. Results Mean operative time was 105 min (55 -150 min).Mean intraoperative estimated blood loss was 240 ml (50-800 ml).Rectal injures occurred in 2 cases and were repaired under laparoscopy.Drainage tube and urinary catheter were removed 48 -72 h and 5 -8 d postoperatively.Postoperative hospital stay was 7 d (5 - 11 d).Positive surgical margin was present in 58 patients.Mean follow-up time was 29 months (3 -50 months).Complete continence were found in 208 patients immediately after catheter removal.68 patient recovered continence within 3 months and 9 patients remained incontinence 3 months after surgery. Normal erection presented in 42 of the 57 cases with nerve-sparing. Conclusions Transperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is safe and efficient.Higher efficiency and lower complication rate have been achieved through modified laparoscopic technique involving bladder neck dissection,nerve-sparing technique and vesicoureteral anastomosis.

Key words: 
Prostatic neoplasms; Laparoscopy; Transperitoneal approach; Radical prostatectomy
Tekstil takviyesine ve tutuculara sahip cephe giydirme elemanı ve bunun üretimine yönelik yöntem.

Buluş, doğrudan takviyeye (17) bağlı olan sabitleme elemanlarını (12, 13, 14, 15) içeren tekstil takviyesine (17) sahip bir cephe giydirme elemanı (10) ile ilgilidir. Sabitleme elemanları (12 ila 15) bükülmüş bir şekle sahip olabilmektedir ve cephe giydirme elemanının (10) düz tarafından geçebilmektedir. Sabitleme elemanları ayrıca düz veya uzun bir şekle sahip olabilmektedir ve bir plaka şeklindeki cephe giydirme elemanının (10) dar taraflarında ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Sabitleme elemanı (12 ila 15) ve takviye (17) arasındaki direkt bağlantı sebebiyle, cephe giydirme elemanı özellikle geniş ve ince şekle sahip olabilmektedir ve böylece cephe paneli olarak da kullanılabilmektedir.
O ódio e suas reverberações: um questionamento para os estudos literários

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir o fenômeno do ódio e suas reverberações, buscando traçar alguns parâmetros teóricos para sua discussão nos estudos literários. O artigo está dividido em duas partes: a primeira discute algumas dimensões teóricas que podem nortear questionamentos interessados na representação ficcional do ódio, tentando identificar motivações e materializações no espaço sociocultural; a segunda busca ilustrar seus potenciais com base na discussão do romance Ohnehin de Doron Rabinovici. Ambientado na Áustria, o romance encena o encontro de diferentes agrupamentos sociais e dos conflitos que emergem desse encontro, problematizando as formas de materialização do ódio. O artigo conclui com algumas propostas de análise dentro do escopo das literaturas nacionais e da metodologia comparatista.
A phase shifted PWM technique for common-mode voltage reduction in five level H-bridge cascaded inverter

In electric drive applications, the conventional carrier based and space vector pulse width modulation (PWM) which schemes for two-level inverter topology generate large common-mode voltages, this leads to the phenomenon of bearing current. These current spikes can cause electromagnetic interference (EMI) and reduction in the life expectancy of the motor. Cascade multilevel inverters can reduce voltage stress on power switches; generate smaller common-mode voltages and output voltages with low distortion. Phase shifted PWM is a compatible solution for H-bridge cascaded inverters. In this paper, we will present a simple and flexible phase shifted PWM technique for common-mode voltage reduction of a five level H-bridge cascade inverter topology. Simulation results are presented for validation and comparison with other techniques.
Catalytic enantioselective desymmetrization of phosphorus (v) centers

Compounds containing one or more phosphorous atoms in the P(V) oxidation state are important to chemistry, biology and medicine. These include marketed antiviral drugs such as Remdesivir, and Sofosbuvir; the former garnering interest as a potential treatment for COVID-19, and the latter being on the WHO list of essential medicines for the treatment of Hepatitis C. Accordingly, new and improved methods for the efficient synthesis of P(V) containing compounds, especially in an enantioselective fashion are essential. Although promising protocols are beginning to arise for the synthesis of racemic P(V) compounds, new strategic approaches for the stereoselective synthesis of P-stereogenic centres are limited and catalytic enantioselective approaches remain unknown. Herein we propose to exploit our modular and tunable superbase catalyst platform, to design, discover and develop new iminophosphorane catalyst systems that will allow the direct and enantioselective synthesis of chiral phosphates, phosphonates and their analogues, in a single enantioselective step. We wish to capitalise on the abundance of commercial phosphorous (V) starting materials to allow the ready and scalable preparation of suitable symmetric prochiral precursors and through a suitable catalyst-enabled desymmetrization generate, in high enantiomeric excess, synthetically relevant chiral phosphorous intermediates. The fellow has already acquired a notable, high-level skill set and has demonstrated his excellence throughout his career, however this challenging project will extend his capabilities and improve his skill base and further enhance his scientific potential. DESYPHOR will therefore bring vital new knowledge to the field of catalytic enantioselective desymmetrization, deliver important methodological tools to researchers across the globe and accordingly will advance the excellent standing of the candidate, the host laboratory in Oxford, and of European science in general.
Natural sense of vision through acoustics and haptics

Sound of Vision (Vision restoration through sound and haptics) will design, implement and validate an original non-invasive hardware and software system to assist visually impaired people by creating and conveying an auditory representation of the surrounding environment. This representation will be created, updated and delivered to a blind person continuously and in real time. This system will help visually impaired people in any kind of environment (indoor/outdoor), without the need for predefined tags/sensors located in the surroundings.

The process of assisting visually impaired people proposed by Sound of Vision consists of a series of repetitive steps. The first step uses hardware and software for generating a 3D representation of the surrounding environment. In the second step, objects are identified within the 3D model and the information is then transformed into 3D sound and haptics sources. In the last step, all the 3D sound and haptics sources are combined and conveyed to the user, using specialized wearable hardware and algorithms.

A functional prototype will be developed, followed by experimental validations and subsequent improvements, according to the feedback provided by visually impaired people, training specialists and neurologists. The product thus obtained will be sold as a hardware and software system, as well as some training courses that will help blind people use the system.

The consortium has the necessary complementary competences to design and develop the proposed system, to test the prototype, establish training protocols and also to commercialize the system as an intuitive and accessible final product.

Sound of Vision is a concept that goes beyond the state of the art of the visual sensory substitution systems, having the potential to become an affordable commercial product that will actually help blind people. This system can have an impressive social impact, improving the lifestyle of blind people, and also of their families and friends, on which they would otherwise depend.

Free keywords (updated):
Visual impairments; brain-computer interface (BCI); Neuroplasticity; Psychophysics; audio/video processing; wearable assistive devices; sonification; sound localization; haptic space perception.
Where in the world is it cheapest to cut carbon emissions?*

Countries with low marginal costs of abating carbon emissions may have high total costs, and vice versa, for a given climate mitigation policy. This may help to explain different countries’ policy stances on climate mitigation. We hypothesize that, under a common percentage cut in emissions intensity relative to business as usual (BAU), countries with higher BAU emission intensities have lower marginal abatement costs, but total costs relative to output will be similar across countries, and under a common carbon price, relative total costs are higher in emission-intensive countries. Using the results of the 22nd Energy Modeling Forum (EMF-22), we estimate marginal abatement cost curves for the US, EU, China and India, which we use to estimate marginal and total costs of abatement under a number of policy options currently under international debate. This analysis provides support for our hypotheses, although its reliability is limited by the shortcomings of the EMF-22 models and the degree to which our econometric model can adequately account for the substantial differences among them.
Confucian Values and Elite Support for Liberal Democracy in Taiwan: The Perils of Priestly Religion

Abstract It is widely recognized that religious institutions and values play a prominent political role in various countries around the world. What is less clear is the degree to which other prominent ideologies perform an analogous role in regions where they predominate. The purpose of this article is to explore the relationship between Confucianism and liberal democracy in Taiwan. As the most important belief system in Taiwan and, indeed, in much of East Asia, Confucianism has provided a model of civic behavior for centuries, performing a largely priestly role. What is less apparent is whether Confucianism inhibited or promoted the development of liberal democracies in the region. While an extensive theoretical debate exists on this question, virtually no work analyzes how Confucianism has been understood by political actors on the ground. The data for this study consist of interviews with 27 politicians, democracy activists, Confucianism scholars, and journalists in Taiwan. The article tests whether or not, in the minds of these key political and cultural leaders, Confucian values are an aid or a hindrance to their efforts to promote liberal democracy. The concluding section discusses the implications of the empirical results for East Asian countries and addresses the parallels between Confucianism as an ideology in East Asia and the religious institutions and values in Western countries.
Effect of LD slag application on yield attributes, yield and protein content of groundnut kernel in acid soil of Bhubaneswar, Odisha

A field experiment was carried out at the Central Horticultural Research Station, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha to explore the possibility of using low cost liming material like LD (Linz-Donawitz) slag to ameliorate acid soil and its impact on productivity of groundnut and its protein and oil content. Soil amelioration with LD slag @ 30 per cent lime requirement (LR) in conjunction with inorganics and vermicompost improved the growth, nutrient concentration and yield of the crop. The LD slag used in this study contained 32.5 per cent calcium carbonate which was applied at 30 per cent of LR along with organic and inorganic fertilizers in different treatments. The yield attributes viz plant height (37.98 cm) , stover yield (4.69 tonnes/ha), biological yield (8.2 tonnes/ha), number of pods per plant (22.33), pod yield (2.46 tonnes/ha), 1000-kernel weight (288.21 g), shelling percentage (77.36) and oil content (48.60%) were recorded highest in the treatment receiving LD slag, 100 per cent recommended dose as inorganic fertilizer and vermicompost. Highest crude protein content (26.19%) was also recorded in the above treatment. LD slag was found to be useful in enhancing biomass, protein content, yield and oil content of kernel. However no significant differences were observed when LD slag was applied without organic fertilizer.
Regional spatial pattern of deep soil water content and its influencing factors

Plant root systems can utilize soil water to depths of 10 m or more. Spatial pattern data of deep soil water content (SWC) at the regional scale are scarce due to the labour and time constraints of field measurements. We measured gravimetric deep SWC (DSWC) at depths of 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800 and 1000 cm at 382 sites across the Loess Plateau, China. The coefficient of variation was high for soil water content (SWC) in the horizontal direction (48%), but was relatively small for SWC in the vertical direction (9%). Semivariogram ranges for DSWC at different depths were between 198 and 609 km. Kriged distribution maps indicated that deep soil layers became moister along northwest to southeast transects. Multiple statistical analyses related DSWC to plant characteristics (e.g. plant age explained 21% of the variability), geographical location and altitude (8-13%), soil texture and infiltrability, evaporation zone and eco-hydrological processes (P 0.05). Regional land management decisions can be based on our DSWC distribution data to determine land uses and plant species appropriate for the soil type and location that would maintain a stable soil water balance. Maintaining infiltrability is of great importance in this and other water-scarce regions of the world. Copyright 2012 IAHS Press.
ETHANE RECOVERY METHODS AND CONFIGURATIONS

Contemplated methods and configurations use a cooled ethane and CO2-containing feed gas that is expanded in a first turbo-expander and subsequently heat-exchanged to allow for relatively high expander inlet temperatures to a second turbo expander. Consequently, the relatively warm demethanizer feed from the second expander effectively removes CO2 from the ethane product and prevents carbon dioxide freezing in the demethanizer, while another portion of the heat-exchanged and expanded feed gas is further chilled and reduced in pressure to form a lean reflux for high ethane recovery.
Individual and health facility factors and the risk for obstructed labour and its adverse outcomes in south-western Uganda

Obstructed labour is still a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality and of adverse outcome for newborns in low-income countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of individual and health facility factors and the risk for obstructed labour and its adverse outcomes in south-western Uganda.A review was performed on 12,463 obstetric records for the year 2006 from six hospitals located in south-western Uganda and 11,180 women records were analysed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to control for probable confounders.Prevalence of obstructed labour for the six hospitals was 10.5% and the main causes were cephalopelvic disproportion (63.3%), malpresentation or malposition (36.4%) and hydrocephalus (0.3%). The risk of obstructed labour was statistically significantly associated with being resident of a particular district [Isingiro] (AOR 1.39, 95% CI: 1.04-1.86), with nulliparous status (AOR 1.47, 95% CI: 1.22-1.78), having delivered once before (AOR 1.57, 95% CI: 1.30-1.91) and age group 15-19 years (AOR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.02-1.45). The risk for perinatal death as an adverse outcome was statistically significantly associated with districts other than five comprising the study area (AOR 2.85, 95% CI: 1.60-5.08) and grand multiparous status (AOR 1.89, 95% CI: 1.11-3.22). Women who lacked paid employment were at increased risk of obstructed labour. Perinatal mortality rate was 142/1000 total births in women with obstructed labour compared to 65/1000 total births in women without the condition. The odds of having maternal complications in women with obstructed labour were 8 times those without the condition. The case fatality rate for obstructed labour was 1.2%.Individual socio-demographic and health system factors are strongly associated with obstructed labour and its adverse outcome in south-western Uganda. Our study provides baseline information which may be used by policy makers and implementers to improve implementation of safe motherhood programmes.
HCV RNA decline in chronic HCV genotype 2 and 3 during standard of care treatment according to IL28B polymorphism

The IL28 gene is highly associated with sustained viral response (SVR) in patients infected with genotype 1 after standard of care (SOC) treatment with peg-IFN and ribavirin. It is also associated with a steeper first phase HCV RNA decline during treatment. In genotype 2 and 3 infections, these correlations are less obvious. We studied the IL28B association to rapid viral response (RVR), SVR, first and second phase HCV RNA decline during treatment in 100 HCV mono-infected and 13 HCV/HIV co-infected patients. We found a significantly higher mean baseline HCV RNA level in IL28B SNP CC than non-CC mono-infected patients, 6.99 vs 6.30 log(10) IU/mL (P = 0.02), and a significantly larger median 1st phase decline in patients with CC than non-CC genotype, 2.03 vs 1.37 log(10) IU/mL, respectively. The overall SVR rate in HCV mono-infected patients was 87% vs 77% in HCV/HIV co-infected patients, with no correlation to IL28B SNP. In mono-infected patients with RVR, the SVR rate was high and independent of IL28B genotype. In mono-infected patients who failed to achieve RVR who had IL28B CC and non-CC genotype, 64% and 67% achieved SVR, respectively. In genotype 2 and 3 infected patients, the 1st phase HCV RNA decline was steeper in patients with IL28B CC vs non-CC genotype during SOC treatment. This did not translate into a higher frequency of RVR or SVR. Hence, the clinical relevance of pretreatment analysis of IL28B polymorphisms in genotype 2 and 3 infected patients can be questioned in patients with expected high SVR rate.
Fecal mirnas, new mediators of host-microbiota interaction in inflammatory bowel disease

Growing evidences indicate that microRNAs (miRNAs) are present in various body fluids and contribute to cell-cell communication. My previous studies identified circulating miRNAs as efficient tool for the diagnosis and surveillance of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Interestingly, miRNAs are secreted into the intestinal lumen where thousands of different bacterial species are present and confer important benefits to the host. This proximity prompted us to speculate that miRNAs and bacteria interact, playing a role in the host/microbiota relationship. My preliminary data generated to date demonstrate that fecal miRNAs are altered during intestinal inflammation in association with an alteration of microbiota composition, and we recently reported that exogenously administered miRNAs have the potential to alter microbiota composition and function. Here, our central hypothesis is that fecal miRNAs are mediators of host-microbiota interactions and therefore modulate intestinal inflammation. On the basis of this overarching hypothesis, I now propose to determine the role played by the intestinal microbiota in miRNA-mediated modulation of intestinal inflammation (objective 1: mechanism); Investigate the ability of specific miRNAs / anti-miRNAs to modulate intestinal inflammation. (objective 2: therapeutic) and to identify whether fecal miRNAs are indicators of microbiota and intestinal healthiness in IBD patients (objective 3: translational). We envision that the proposed experiments could identify a new role for miRNAs in manipulating the intestinal microbiota hence leading to the development of new therapeutic strategies.