SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
European sodium fast reactor safety measures assessment and research tools

To improve the public acceptance of the future nuclear power in Europe we have to demonstrate that the new reactors have significantly higher safety level compared to traditional reactors. The ESFR-SMART project (European Sodium Fast Reactor Safety Measures Assessment and Research Tools) aims at enhancing further the safety of Generation-IV SFRs and in particular of the commercial-size European Sodium Fast Reactor (ESFR) in accordance with the ESNII roadmap and in close cooperation with the ASTRID program. The project aims at 5 specific objectives:
1) Produce new experimental data in order to support calibration and validation of the computational tools for each defence-in-depth level.
2) Test and qualify new instrumentations in order to support their utilization in the reactor protection system.
3) Perform further calibration and validation of the computational tools for each defence-in-depth level in order to support safety assessments of Generation-IV SFRs, using the data produced in the project as well as selected legacy data.
4) Select, implement and assess new safety measures for the commercial-size ESFR, using the GIF methodologies, the FP7 CP-ESFR project legacy, the calibrated and validated codes and being in accordance with the update of the European and international safety frameworks taking into account the Fukushima accident.
5) Strengthen and link together new networks, in particular, the network of the European sodium facilities and the network of the European students working on the SFR technology.
Close interactions with the main European and international SFR stakeholders (GIF, ARDECo, ESNII and IAEA) via the Advisory Review Panel will enable reviews and recommendations on the project’s progress as well as dissemination of the new knowledge created by the project. By addressing the industry, policy makers and general public, the project is expected to make a meaningful impact on economics, EU policy and society.
SYSTEM FOR AND METHOD OF DETERMINING CANCER PROGNOSIS AND PREDICTING RESPONSE TO THERAPY

A database for predicting clinical outcomes based upon quantitative tumor burden in lymph node samples from an individual is provided. Also a system for predicting clinical outcomes based upon quantitative tumor burden in lymph node samples from an individual is provided which includes a database linked to a data processor, an input interface and an output interface. Finally, a method of preparing a database and a method for predicting clinical outcome for a test patient based upon quantitative tumor burden in lymph node samples from an individual using a system that includes the database linked to a data processor, an input interface and an output interface is provided.
Z 2 Topological Quantum Paramagnet on a honeycomb bilayer

Topological quantum paramagnets are exotic states of matter, whose magnetic excitations have a topological band structure, while the ground state is topologically trivial. Here we show that a simple model of quantum spins on a honeycomb bilayer hosts a time-reversal-symmetry protected ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ topological quantum paramagnet (topological triplon insulator) in the presence of spin-orbit coupling. The excitation spectrum of this quantum paramagnet consists of three triplon bands, two of which carry a nontrivial ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ index. As a consequence, there appear two counterpropagating triplon excitation modes at the edge of the system. We compute the triplon edge state spectrum and the ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ index for various parameter choices. We further show that upon making one of the Heisenberg couplings stronger, the system undergoes a topological quantum phase transition, where the ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ index vanishes, to a different topological quantum paramagnet. In this case the counterpopagating triplon edge modes are disconnected from the bulk excitations and are protected by a chiral and a unitary symmetry. We discuss possible realizations of our model in real materials, in particular ${d}^{4}$ Mott insulators, and their potential applications.
Evolutionary farsightedness in international environmental agreements

This paper proposes a dynamic game model of the process through which countries join international environmental agreements (IEAs). The model assumes that both the number of signatory countries and the stock of accumulated pollution evolve over time, as a result of countries’ emission and membership decisions. The evolution of the number of signatory countries is described by a discrete-time replicator dynamics, while that of the stock of pollution results from feedback emission strategies. We show that evolutionary farsightedness, that is, the capacity of players to account for the impact of their decisions on the evolution of the number of signatory countries, is beneficial to the formation and stability of self-enforcing IEAs.
Sand column impact onto a Kolsky pressure bar

Abstract A laboratory-based methodology to launch cylindrical sand slugs at high velocities is developed. The methodology generates well-characterised soil ejecta without the need for detonation of an explosive; this laboratory-based tool thereby allows for the experimental investigation of the soil-structure events. The experimental set-up comprises a launcher with a cylindrical cavity and a piston to push out the sand slug. The apparatus is used to launch both dry and water-saturated sand slugs. High speed photography is used to characterise the evolution of the sand slugs after launch. We find that the diameter of the slugs remains unchanged, and the sand particles possess only an axial component of velocity. However, the sand particles have a uniform spatial gradient of axial velocity and this results in lengthening of the slugs as they travel towards their target. Thus, the density of the sand slugs remains spatially homogenous but decreases with increasing time. The velocity gradient is typically higher in the dry sand slugs than that of the water-saturated slugs. The pressure exerted by the slugs on a rigid-stationary target is measured by impacting the slugs against a direct impact Kolsky bar. After an initial high transient pressure, the pressure reduces to a value of approximately ρv 2 where ρ is the density of the impacting sand slug and v is the particle velocity. This indicates that loading due to the sand is primarily inertial in nature. The momentum transmitted to the Kolsky bar was approximately equal to the incident momentum of the sand slugs, regardless of whether they are dry or water-saturated.
Innovative training in methods for future data

IMforFUTURE is an innovative multidisciplinary and intersectoral research training programme which addresses current shortcomings in omics research. We aim to open the new research horizon in integration of genetics, glycomics, and epigenomics datasets into systems biology by developing innovative methods for high throughput omics and for integrative analysis of omics data. We focus on ageing, which is the biggest single risk factor for many diseases. By application of our novel methods to emerging datasets representing inflammation and immunology, IMforFUTURE will contribute to understanding of the underlying biological processes involved in diseases and ageing.
To be successful in future multidisciplinary environments in Academia or Industry, ESRs need to be able to act as bridge between several diverse disciplines. Our ESRs need to overview all steps from data production via data analysis to data interpretation. In our consortium 7 academic and 4 industrial partners - experimental and theoretical - participate in research and training via teaching, offering secondments and hosting ESRs. We offer courses in high throughput methodology, genomics and statistics. Secondments will be to partners with complementary disciplines and intersectoral. Emphasis will be data management,  data stewardship, entrepreneurship, and complementary skills. Interdisciplinary collaborations among ESRs will be stimulated by working on the same studies, in which new data will be generated, integrated with other datasets, analyzed with novel methods and interpreted. At the end of the project the ESRs will present and discuss their research in an integrated workshop. Our ESRs will be ready and equipped for new-generation multidisciplinary researchers. They will significantly contribute to omics research in relationship to human disease and health and knowledge translation. A conference to disseminate our work to researchers in Academia and Industry, and to stakeholders will be organized.
Anisotropic quantum quench in the presence of frustration or background gauge fields: A probe of bulk currents and topological chiral edge modes

Bosons and fermions, in the presence of frustration or background gauge fields, can form manybody ground states that support equilibrium 'charge' or 'spin' currents. Motivated by the experimental creation of frustration or artificial gauge fields in ultracold atomic systems, we propose a general scheme by which making a sudden anisotropic quench of the atom tunneling across the lattice and tracking the ensuing density modulations provides a powerful and gauge invariant route to visualizing diverse equilibrium current patterns. Using illustrative examples of trapped superfluid Bose and normal Fermi systems in the presence of artificial magnetic fluxes on square lattices, and frustrated bosons in a triangular lattice, we show that this scheme to probe equilibrium bulk current order works independent of particle statistics. We also show that such quenches can detect chiral edge currents in gapped topological states, such as quantum Hall or quantum spin Hall insulators.
Geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic constraints on the petrogenesis and geodynamic significance of the Jebilet magmatism (Variscan Belt, Morocco)

Abstract In the Variscan fold belt of Morocco, the Jebilet massif is characterized by Palaeozoic metasedimentary rocks intruded by syntectonic magmatism that includes an ultramafic–granitoid bimodal association and peraluminous granodiorites emplaced c . 330 Ma, intruded by younger leucogranites c . 300 Ma. The mafic–ultramafic rocks belong to a tholeiitic series, and display chemical and isotopic signatures consistent with mixing between mantle-derived and crust-derived magmas or assimilation and fractional crystallization. The granites within the bimodal association are mainly metaluminous to weakly peraluminous microgranites that show characteristics of A 2 -type granites. The peraluminous, calc-alkaline series consists mainly of cordierite-bearing granodiorites enclosing magmatic microgranular enclaves and pelitic xenoliths. Detailed element and isotope data suggest that the alkaline and the peraluminous granitoids were formed in the shallow crust (&lt;30 km) by partial melting of tonalitic sources at high temperatures (up to 900°C) and by partial melting of metasedimentary protoliths at relatively low temperatures ( c . 750°C), respectively. Mixing between the coeval mantle-derived and crust-derived magmas contributed to the large variation of initial ε Nd values and initial Sr isotopic ratios observed in the granitoids. Further contamination occurred by wall-rock assimilation during ascent of the granodioritic plutons to the upper crust. The ultramafic–granitoid association has been intruded by leucogranites that have high initial Sr isotopic ratios and low initial ε Nd values, indicating a purely crustal origin. The heating events that caused emplacement of the Jebilet magmatism are related to cessation of continental subduction and convective erosion/thinning of the lithospheric mantle during plate convergence.
Macunaíma: o prazer lúdico do texto

RESUMOO artigo analisa a importância da presença do elemento lúdico na composição do emblemático romance do Modernismo brasileiro, Macunaíma o herói sem nenhum caráter (1928), de Mário de Andrade. Desenvolve o argumento segundo o qual o elemento lúdico confere coerência e verossimilhança ao texto, participando de todos os níveis da obra, desde suas origens – matéria prima reescrita e reinventada por Mário de Andrade –, passando pela organização do sintagma narrativo, até a caracterização do herói, que pertence ao campo simbólico do romance. É ainda o componente lúdico que torna possível o riso ambivalente de Macunaíma, registrando no texto a dialética do sério-cômico (Telê Porto Ancona Lopez). A perspectiva adotada apoia-se na metodologia da análise narrativa de Gérard Genette, nos ensaios de Johan Huizinga e Mikhail Bakhtin que exploram, respectivamente, a presença do lúdico no mito e na poesia e a ambivalência do cômico popular, dialogando com a fortuna crítica do romance. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Macunaíma; Mário de Andrade; Análise narrativa; Cômico popular SUMMARYThe article analyzes the importance of the ludic element in the composition of the emblematic novel of Brazilian modernism, Macunaíma the hero without a character (1928), by Mário de Andrade. It develops the argument according to which the comic element confers coherence and verisimilitude to the text, participating in all levels of the work, from its origins – raw material rewritten and reinvented by Mário de Andrade –, through the organization of the narrative syntagm, until the characterization of the hero, which belongs to the symbolic field of the novel. It is also the ludic element that makes Macunaíma's ambivalent laughter possible, registering in the text the dialectic of the serious-comic. The perspective adopted is based on the methodology of narrative analysis by Gérard Genette and on the essays by Johan Huizinga and Mikhail Bakhtin who explore, respectively, the presence of the ludic in myth and poetry and the ambivalence of popular comics, dialoguing with the critical fortune of the novel. KEYWORDS: Macunaíma; Mario de Andrade; Narrative analysis; Popular comic.
Management of Hot Flushes in Breast Cancer Survivors: Comparison Between Stellate Ganglion Block and Pregabalin

Women who have survived breast cancer have hot flushes that are "significantly more frequent, severe, distressing, and of greater duration" than in other women. We compared the efficacy and safety of stellate ganglion block and pregabalin for the relief of hot flushes in breast cancer survivors.Forty patients who were breast cancer survivors and were suffering from hot flushes to the degree that they seeked for treatment were included in the study and randomly divided into two groups: group I: (N = 20) stellate ganglion block was done for the patients of this group; and group II: (N = 20) in this group, the patients received 75 mg pregabalin twice daily. In both groups self-completed daily hot flush diaries and monthly symptom questionnaires were obtained at baseline and for the following 3 months.Our results showed that group I (stellate ganglion block) had significant (P < 0.05) decline in the frequency of mild, moderate, very severe, and total hot flushes in comparison with group II (pregabalin 75 mg twice daily) throughout the 3 months of follow up period.The stellate ganglion block had superior efficacy in the management of hot flushes in breast cancer survivors.
New Oldowan localities at high level within Kilombe Caldera, Kenya

New occurrences of early artefacts ascribed to the Oldowan tradition come from localities at high level within the caldera of the extinct Kilombe volcano, located in the central rift valley of Kenya. The trachyte cone and caldera of Kilombe volcano formed at ca. 2.5 Ma, and the record of >130 m of sediment-fill indicates that the caldera subsequently held a lake for long periods during the Early Pleistocene. The Oldowan artefact localities, dated by 40Ar/39Ar and palaeomagnetism to ∼1.78 Ma, lie east of the centre of the caldera, on the west side of an ancient small lake, which later drained away as a gorge formed on the east side of the mountain. The artefacts are dominantly made of Kilombe trachyte, and are associated with a fauna of large animals including Hippopotamus gorgops. These are the first Oldowan localities to be discovered in a new area of the Kenyan rift valley in the last thirty years, and their presence at high level in rugged landscape indicates that the associated hominins were exploiting a full range of environments. De nouvelles occurrences d’artefacts anciens attribués à la tradition Oldowayenne proviennent de localités situées à un niveau élevé de la caldeira du volcan éteint de Kilombe, situé dans la vallée centrale du Rift au Kenya. Le cône de trachyte et la caldeira du volcan Kilombe se sont formés à ca. 2,5 Ma, et la séquence de plus de 130 m de remplissage de sédiments indique qu’un lac occupait ensuite la caldeira pendant de longues périodes au cours du Pléistocène inférieur. Les sites d’artefacts oldowayens, datés par 40Ar/39Ar et du paléomagnétisme à ∼1,78 Ma, se trouvent à l’est du centre de la caldeira, sur le côté ouest d’un ancien petit lac, qui s’est ensuite drainé grâce a la formation d’une gorge sur le côté est de la montagne. Les artefacts sont principalement constitués de trachyte de Kilombe et sont associés à une faune de grands animaux, dont Hippopotamus gorgops. Ce sont les premières localités oldowayennes à être découvertes dans une nouvelle zone de la vallée du Rift kenyan au cours des trente dernières années, et leur présence à un niveau élevé dans un paysage accidenté indique que les hominidés associés exploitaient une gamme complète d’environnements.
NONLOCAL SYMMETRIES, COMPACTON EQUATIONS, AND INTEGRABILITY

We review the theory of nonlocal symmetries of nonlinear partial differential equations and, as examples, we present infinite-dimensional Lie algebras of nonlocal symmetries of the Fokas–Qiao and Kaup–Kupershmidt equations. Then, we consider nonlocal symmetries of a family which contains the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) and (a subclass of) the Rosenau–Hyman compacton-bearing K(m, n) equations. We find that the only member of the family which possesses nonlocal symmetries (of a kind specified in Sec. 3 below) is precisely the KdV equation. We take this fact as an indication that the K(m, n) equations are not integrable in general, and we use the formal symmetry approach of Shabat to check this claim: we prove that the only integrable cases of the full K(m, n) family are the KdV and modified KdV equations.
Numeracy at the dawn of writing: Mesopotamia and beyond

Numeracy and writing constitute different phenomena, whose paths of formation often appear intertwined. Here we reassess the theory that numeracy evolved universally from a concrete to an abstract concept of number, and that that shift is correlated with the invention of writing. First, we gather contemporary linguistic data and early Mesopotamian epigraphic evidence that indicates that the ‘concrete’ vs. ‘abstract’ dichotomy is not useful to understand the emergence of numbers. Then, we discuss evidence from other regions where writing was probably invented independently, in order to investigate the conceptualization and formation of early numerical notations. La numératie et l'écriture constituent des phénomènes différents, dont les chemins de formation apparaissent souvent inextricablement liés. Nous réévaluons ici la théorie selon laquelle la numératie est universellement passée d'un concept concret à un concept abstrait de nombre et que ce changement est corrélé à l'invention de l'écriture. Premièrement, nous rassemblons des données linguistiques contemporaines et des données épigraphiques mésopotamiennes anciennes qui indiquent que la dichotomie « concret » vs. « abstraite » n'est pas utile pour comprendre l'émergence des nombres. Ensuite, nous abordons des données provenant d'autres régions où l'écriture a probablement été inventée de manière indépendante, afin d'enquêter sur la nature de sa relation avec la numératie telle qu'elle est représentée par les premières notations numériques.
A LIGHTER

The present invention involves a lighter for preventing unintended use. In one aspect, a striker wheel including a rotation limiting means is provided, where an arc formed by the rotation limiting means is preferably greater than about 100 DEG and less than or equal to about 220 DEG . The rotation limiting means may comprise a single or multiple protrusions, a shield extending from one or more outer grip wheels, or a cover attached to a periphery of the striking wheel.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING WATER-ABSORBENT POLYMER PARTICLES WITH A HIGHER PERMEABILITY BY POLYMERISING DROPLETS OF A MONOMER SOLUTION

The invention relates to a method for producing water-absorbent polymer particles with a higher permeability by polymerising droplets of a monomer solution in a gas phase surrounding the droplets. A water-insoluble inorganic salt is suspended in the monomer solution and the polymer particles have an average particle diameter of at least 150 µm.
Semantic eo data web alert and retrieval framework

Technological advances in remote sensing have increased the availability of satellite images with different spatiotemporal and spectral characteristics.There is difficulty for retrieving the most appropriate data for each user's needs.One key challenge is to connect the quantitative information of the EO images with the qualitative (high-level user queries) and be able to mine these connections in big archives.An inherent question arises; how to retrieve EO images based on user semantically aware questions.Content based EO image retrieval techniques have been introduced for bridging the gap between low-level image features and high-level queries.The main constraint of the existing approaches is the generalization of the problem.The formulated ontologies are not focused on the constraints of EO images.The main objective of SEO-DWARF is to realize the content-based search of EO images on an application specific basis.The marine application domain and data from Sentinels 1,2,3, ENVISAT will be used.Queries such as “Calculate the rate of increasing chlorophyll in the NATURA area” will be answered by the SEO-DWARF, helping users to retrieve the appropriate EO images for their specific needs or alert them when a specific phenomenon occurs.The research contains the:a) ontology formalization for the specific research topics,b) determination of the semantic queries for the application domains,c) algorithm development for extracting metadata from the EO images,d) design of an architecture of the platform to perform the semantic image retrieval and storage and management of the extracted metadata.All four aspects will be integrated in an innovative and user-friendly web based platform enabling the users to retrieve images for marine applications or register for a semantic alert.A strong and experienced research team, of 4 academic and 5 industrial partners, coming from Greece(3), Italy(2), Germany(1), France(1), Cyprus(1) and Switzerland(1) constitute the project’s consortium.