SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Atmosphere

With the Arctic rapidly changing, the needs to observe, understand, and model the changes are essential. To support these needs, an annual cycle of observations of atmospheric properties, processes, and interactions were made while drifting with the sea ice across the central Arctic during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. An international team designed and implemented the comprehensive program to document and characterize all aspects of the Arctic atmospheric system in unprecedented detail, using a variety of approaches, and across multiple scales. These measurements were coordinated with other observational teams to explore cross-cutting and coupled interactions with the Arctic Ocean, sea ice, and ecosystem through a variety of physical and biogeochemical processes. This overview outlines the breadth and complexity of the atmospheric research program, which was organized into 4 subgroups: atmospheric state, clouds and precipitation, gases and aerosols, and energy budgets. Atmospheric variability over the annual cycle revealed important influences from a persistent large-scale winter circulation pattern, leading to some storms with pressure and winds that were outside the interquartile range of past conditions suggested by long-term reanalysis. Similarly, the MOSAiC location was warmer and wetter in summer than the reanalysis climatology, in part due to its close proximity to the sea ice edge. The comprehensiveness of the observational program for characterizing and analyzing atmospheric phenomena is demonstrated via a winter case study examining air mass transitions and a summer case study examining vertical atmospheric evolution. Overall, the MOSAiC atmospheric program successfully met its objectives and was the most comprehensive atmospheric measurement program to date conducted over the Arctic sea ice. The obtained data will support a broad range of coupled-system scientific research and provide an important foundation for advancing multiscale modeling capabilities in the Arctic.
A hermetic and room-temperature wafer bonding technique based on integrated reactive multilayer systems

This paper focuses on direct deposition and patterning of reactive and nano-scale multilayer films at wafer level. These multilayer structures are called integrated reactive material systems (iRMS). In contrast to the typically used nickel (Ni)/ aluminum (Al) systems, in this work we needed to have our total multilayer film thicknesses smaller than 2.5 µm to reduce stress within the multilayer as well as deposition costs. Thus, we introduced new high energetic iRMS. These films were deposited by using alternating magnetron sputtering from high purity Al- and palladium (Pd)-targets to obtain films with a defined Al:Pd atomic ratio. In this paper, we present the result for reaction characteristics and reaction velocities which were up to 72.5 m s−1 for bond frames with lateral dimensions as low as 20 µm. Furthermore, the feasibility of silicon (Si)–Si, Si–glass as well as Si–ceramic hermetic and metallic wafer bonding at room temperature is presented. We show that by using this bond technology, strong (maximum shear strengths of 235 MPa) and hermetically sealed bond interfaces can be achieved without any additional solder material.
Recognising energy efficiency value in residential buildings

ReValue aims to lead the development of appraisal norms and standards that REcorgnise Energy Efficiency Value in social and private residential real estate. 

Financing decisions in real estate are often based on formal appraisals of value. Current norms on valuation, such as RICS', recognise Energy Effiency (EE) as a potential source of value, but do not require taking this into account in appraisals, nor provide clear guidance on how to do so. As a result, investors are not provided with the formal basis to invest in or to provide financing (eg through mortgages) for EE components

For a standard renovation of a residential unit, up to 10k Euro in EE could be made ' bankable'  if valuation norms and standards would better reflect long term EE value. At EU level, this could potentially unlock 20Bn Euro per year in financing of EE measures. Since 26% of EUs energy is consumed in homes, increasing investment on EE could significantly contribute to H2020 targets

Specific ReValue objectives are:
1 develop and propose a set of norms and policies in the valuation of residential property that recognise EE
2 align valuation techniques with such norms
3 validate the framework in 4 pilot projects across Europe
4 Stimulate uptake of the framework through widely recognised norms and support from key industry stakeholders

ReValue's consortium is industry-lead, including RICS, one of the globally recognised standardisation bodies, and Savills, a leading valuer, and academic and professional experts in accounting, economics and EE design. Through observer roles, the project collaborates with building owners across Europe, investors and a range of entities that support exploitation and dissemination of project results
 
In doing so, ReValue will contribute to reaching EE19's expected impact, by aligning valuation norms for optimal levels of investment of energy efficiency, and by increasing trust of investors and financiers in the financial viability of energy efficient measures
Is there a link between financial exclusion and over-indebtedness? Evidence from Czech peripheral municipalities

Abstract This paper investigates the determinants of the over-indebtedness of inhabitants in particular municipalities in the Czech Republic. We draw on the theory of regional segmentation of financial markets, which foresees credit rationing in peripheral regions and empirically investigate the role that attractiveness of potential banking clients may play in the level of over-indebtedness in particular regions. We assume that regions with a higher concentration of non-bankable people suffer from a low concentration of bank services as the banks are not interested in serving people who do not meet their credit requirements. The findings from testing our empirical model indicate that regions with a higher level of non-bankable people have a higher concentration of over-indebted inhabitants. Our paper thus contributes to the nascent empirical verification of the theory of regional segmentation of financial markets. In conclusion, our policy recommendation – to support a socially-oriented financial industry, which could fulfil a niche in peripheral financial markets – could help in the battle against the pandemic of over-indebtedness and repossessions with its all negative consequences.
The GPU parallel algorithm of whole ordinal in universal combinatorics coding

Universal combinatorics coding is a new kind of coding method and whole ordinal plays an important role in universal combinatorics coding. Whole ordinal GPU parallel algorithm is proposed in this paper. Whole ordinal computing is implemented by combining the advantage of GPU in aspect of complicated and vast parallel computing with CPU technology, and employing CPU+GPU heterogeneous program development model. It makes whole ordinal parallel computing implement by calling kernel function of large number multiplication calculation in original serial program of computing whole ordinal. In the process of research, a series of GPU parallel problem are solved by optimizing program code many times. Experiments show that GPU parallel method improves the speed of calculating whole ordinal greatly, and then improves the computation efficiency of relevant experiments. Whole ordinal parallel implementation also has important meaning to estimating relevant experimental data and pushes the pace of universal combinatorics coding into practical at the same time.
A novel systems biology approach to develop preclinical assets from innovative drug discovery starting points inspired by viruses

Access to new medicines targeting unmet medical need is a challenge for both the Pharmaceutical industry and the member states of the European union. For the last decade the pharmaceutical sector has faced fundamental dilemmas:
- The average cost to develop a single drug has tripled in a decade
- Patent expirations have reduced revenue from blockbuster drugs
- Attrition in the drug development pipeline remains high. 
- The rate of innovation in pharmaceutical development is low because of a focus on a restricted number of drug target classes and emphasis on developing “me-too” drugs. 

In this context, ENYO has developed an innovative systems biology based approach inspired by viruses to identify patentable chemistries directed at new human disease targets. The feasibility of this approach has been successfully demonstrated in 2015 with the identification of 40 largely unexplored novel human targets against influenza virus, which eventually resulted in the generation of leads ready for development as a therapeutic for influenza.

Project MIMESIS aims to scale-up ENYO’s systems biology approach to discover original preclinical assets against human targets not previously considered tractable to drug development in both infectious (Influenza, HRV, RSV, TB and Zika) and non-infectious disease contexts (Oncology).  It will scale-up the number of drug discovery targets and the disease scope and initiate the deployment of the approach to the pharmaceutical industry at the global scale. 

The MIMESIS approach will develop novel starting points for the development of new drugs in diseases with unmet clinical need. It will contribute to better access to medicines which will translate into higher pharmaceutical benefit to the patients. The approach has never been used before in the pharmaceutical industry and is transferable to any human disease.
Study on the Scientific Tradition and Thinking Mode between the East and the West——from the aspect of culture gene

To ancient Greece as the representative of the West and with China as the representative of the East, as a result of their different cultural backgrounds and geographical environment, historical evolution and sedimentation in the formation of two different cultural characteristics of genes. In this paper, cultural gene as the breakthrough point, the axis of historical development, genetic analysis of the formation of the East-West cultural background, from the two styles and cultural heritage genes, evolution and collision of the interaction, mutation, the process of integration of Eastern and Western scientific traditions and a comparative study of ways of thinking.
PRESSURE CONTROLLED ACTUATOR

The invention relates to an actuator comprising a body part and at least two coaxially mounted cylindrical rotor parts. A first interconnection formed between the first rotor part and the body part, and at least one second interconnection formed between two rotor parts. Each of the first and the second interconnection is provided with at least one cavity formed into one of the inter- connected parts and the other interconnected part is provided with a protrusion movable within the cavity and the actuator is further provided with at least one fluid channel for the at least one cavity of each of the interconnection in order to control a rotational position of at least one of the rotor parts by controlling pressure in the at least one fluid channel of each interconnection. The invention relates also an actuator system.
METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A COMBINED DELIVERY PIPE

The invention relates to the field of manufacturing rigid pipes, and specifically, to methods for manufacturing combined delivery pipes from polymers and composite materials, and can be used for manufacturing pipes for transporting liquid and gaseous media. The method for manufacturing a combined delivery pipe comprises subjecting the external surface of an internal sealing layer to plasma processing, applying an external layer of composite material in the form of reinforcing fibres and a binder to said layer and curing the composite-material binder. The internal sealing layer is in the form of a tubular blank made of polymer material. The tubular blank is subjected to plasma processing in cold plasma from an abnormal glow discharge in air in a continuous-flow mode at a pressure of 210 Pa. The invention makes it possible to produce combined delivery pipes having great operational characteristics with the production process being highly efficient.
Einstein-vector gravity, emerging gauge symmetry, and de Sitter bounce

We construct a class of Einstein-vector theories where the vector field couples bilinearly to the curvature polynomials of arbitrary order in such a way that only Riemann tensor rather than its derivative enters the equations of motion. The theories can thus be ghost free. The U(1) gauge symmetry may emerge in the vacuum and also in some weak-field limit. We focus on the two-derivative theory and study a variety of applications. We find that in this theory, the energy-momentum tensor of dark matter provides a position-dependent gauge-violating term to the Maxwell field. We also use the vector as an inflaton and construct cosmological solutions. We find that the expansion can accelerate without a bared cosmological constant, indicating a new candidate for dark energy. Furthermore we obtain exact solutions of de Sitter bounce, generated by the vector which behaves like a Maxwell field in the later time. We also obtain a few new exact black holes that are asymptotic to flat and Lifshitz spacetimes. In addition, we construct exact wormholes, and Randall-Sundrum II domain walls.
Forest giants are the trees most at risk

The biggest trees, standing tall through storms and harsh winters, may look invincible. But a series of recent studies analyzing the effects of lightning, drought, and invasive pests on forests indicates that for trees, size is not strength, and forest giants are disproportionately vulnerable. With all three stresses likely to grow, big trees could become an even weaker point in beleaguered forests. Their loss may put entire ecosystems at risk of collapsing, research has suggested. Large trees are also major storehouses of carbon—one study from the 1990s found they account for about 50% of the carbon stored in forests—and their deaths release that carbon into the atmosphere, which could exacerbate climate change.
Using &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;14&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;C and &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;H to understand groundwater flow and recharge in an aquifer window

Abstract. Knowledge of groundwater residence times and recharge locations is vital to the sustainable management of groundwater resources. Here we investigate groundwater residence times and patterns of recharge in the Gellibrand Valley, southeast Australia, where outcropping aquifer sediments of the Eastern View Formation form an "aquifer window" that may receive diffuse recharge from rainfall and recharge from the Gellibrand River. To determine recharge patterns and groundwater flow paths, environmental isotopes (3H, 14C, δ13C, δ18O, δ2H) are used in conjunction with groundwater geochemistry and continuous monitoring of groundwater elevation and electrical conductivity. The water table fluctuates by 0.9 to 3.7 m annually, implying recharge rates of 90 and 372 mm yr−1. However, residence times of shallow (11 to 29 m) groundwater determined by 14C are between 100 and 10 000 years, 3H activities are negligible in most of the groundwater, and groundwater electrical conductivity remains constant over the period of study. Deeper groundwater with older 14C ages has lower δ18O values than younger, shallower groundwater, which is consistent with it being derived from greater altitudes. The combined geochemistry data indicate that local recharge from precipitation within the valley occurs through the aquifer window, however much of the groundwater in the Gellibrand Valley predominantly originates from the regional recharge zone, the Barongarook High. The Gellibrand Valley is a regional discharge zone with upward head gradients that limits local recharge to the upper 10 m of the aquifer. Additionally, the groundwater head gradients adjacent to the Gellibrand River are generally upwards, implying that it does not recharge the surrounding groundwater and has limited bank storage. 14C ages and Cl concentrations are well correlated and Cl concentrations may be used to provide a first-order estimate of groundwater residence times. Progressively lower chloride concentrations from 10 000 years BP to the present day are interpreted to indicate an increase in recharge rates on the Barongarook High.
Effect of Dwell Time and Heating Rate on Thermal Residual Stresses in Co-Cured Aluminum/Composite Hybrid Shaft

In this work, thermal residual stresses and deformation of an aluminum/composite hybrid shaft was studied using ABAQUS FEM software. In order to reduce the thermal residual stresses and deformation produced during co-cure bonding stages due to the difference of coefficients of thermal expansions (CTE) of the composite and the aluminum tube, the curing temperature field was optimized. The effects of dwell time and heating rate were investigated. The results show that residual stresses can be reduced obviously by reasonable dwell time and slow heating rate. The dwell time and heating rate also effect the degree of cure which influenced the mechanic property of aluminum/composite hybrid structure directly.
Create future

MONTENIGHT 2021 ""CREATE FUTURE"" has an aim to upgrade the image of researchers, novel technologies, and innovations, addressing their important role in the perspective of our society in the modern Era. Following the European Green Deal definition ""improving the well-being of people"" the MonteNight2021 will also focus on raising awareness of the green future. The MonteNight 2021 is a continuation of a decade-long tradition of implementation of Researchers' Nights in Montenegro, since 2009. The project will demonstrate the ""human face"" of research and innovations by clarifying practical benefits in everyday life. The project will promote a knowledge-based society by emphasizing research and innovations in competitive sectors having in mind not only benefits for growth and development but also challenges that we face with social, political, and ethical implications of technologies. The events will be staged in the Montenegrin capital Podgorica (universities, museums, galleries, shopping malls, main squares) and 10 more cities, while 10 pre-events smaller scale science Festivals would be held in all three regions. RN activities involve Open Science Show, 300 hands-on experiments, Virtual and Augmented Reality and Hologram technologies, robot performances, Science and Art installations, Science Cafe, Quiz, Concert, Interdisciplinary workshops, panel debates, Science kindergarten ...  Our target audiences are high school & university students, preschool and elementary school children, parents, school administrators, teachers, researchers, the general public, and media. At least 5000 of them would be directly involved, expecting 50000 online visitors, and up to 50% of the population would be reached via media advertising. The pan-European values will be disseminated through EU Corner.
Economic and environmental feasibility of photovoltaic solar energy in industrial processes

Abstract Currently, one of the world's concerns, including Brazil, is to obtain answers to reduce energy dependence on fossil fuels. Environmental damage and possible scarcity of fossil fuels highlight the generation of clean energy to reduce environmental degradation. In the present article, it is proposed a model to analyze the economic and environmental feasibility of implementing solar photovoltaic systems in an industry. A case study in Brazil was used to test the model. The selected industrial sector chosen for the installation of the photovoltaic system was the parking lot with an estimated area of 187,653 m 2 . Regarding economic viability, the calculated net present value was $44,730,630.26, the internal rate of return was 14.52% per year, and the payback time was 132 months. The environmental impacts avoided in the use of the photovoltaic solar energy system were analyzed and the amount of carbon dioxide avoided in the atmosphere per kWh generated with the use of this clean energy showed that 25,381 trees would be needed to fix the CO 2 that would be emitted into the atmosphere.
Telomeres and cardiovascular disease risk: an update 2013

Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) has been regarded as a potential marker of biologic aging because it usually shortens in a predictable way with age. Recently, a growing interest in cardiovascular aging has led to a number of new epidemiologic studies investigating LTL in various disease conditions. Some methodological problems exist because there are different methods available to determine LTL, and standardization is much needed. For example, in the majority of studies, patients with early-onset coronary heart disease have been shown to have shorter LTL. In addition, patients with diabetes mellitus complications tend to have shorter LTL than control subjects. On the other hand, increased left ventricular hypertrophy or mass is associated with longer LTL, and studies investigating hypertension have reported both shorter and longer LTL than found in normotensive control subjects. There is, therefore, a need for longitudinal studies to elucidate these complicated relationships further, to provide estimations of telomere attrition rates, and to overcome analytical problems when only cross-sectional studies are used. The understanding of cardiovascular aging and telomere biology may open up new avenues for interventions, such as stem cell therapy or agents that could retard this aging process over and beyond conventional risk factor control.
Assessment of salivary total antioxidant levels and oral health status in children with Down syndrome

Down syndrome (DS) is an autosomal chromosomal disorder caused by trisomy of all or a critical part of chromosome 21. Individuals with DS have high levels of oxidative stress throughout their lifespan. It has been suggested that levels of antioxidants could be altered in response to an infection or disease.To assess the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), nitric oxide (NO), and sialic acid (SA) of saliva in children with DS and its relation to their oral health status.Thirty-four noninstitutionalized children in the age group of 7-12 years having DS formed the study group. The control group consisted of 34 normal, healthy children. The W.H.O. criteria were used for diagnosis and recording of dental caries. Oral hygiene status was assessed using the simplified oral hygiene index. Estimation of TAC, NO, and SA levels in saliva was done. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis.In comparison to normal children, DS children showed significantly lower TAC of saliva and significantly higher salivary SA levels. In both groups of children, dental caries was higher in primary dentition when compared to their permanent dentition.