SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Intracellular signalling by modified lipopolysaccharide

The adjuvant potential of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for vaccines depends on a detailed understanding of its innate immune signalling properties, in order to achieve the right balance between immunogenicity and reactogenicity. By biosynthetic engineering of meningococcal LPS, we have obtained a unique panel of mutants covering a wide range of endotoxic activity, from the maximum wildtype level to almost totally inactive. However, this is based on activation of the TLR4/MD-2 receptor, and recent studies have revealed that LPS endotoxic activity is also mediated by the intracellular receptor caspase 4 (caspase 11 in the mouse). At present, it is not clear how this contributes to the overall biological activity of LPS, and how it can be modified by structural alterations to the lipid A moiety of LPS. A major contribution of the proposed project will be to provide for the first time a detailed structure-function relationship for this LPS-caspase 4/11 interaction. This information will be crucial in the further evaluation of the adjuvant potential of these LPS derivatives, as well as giving more insight in the role of LPS modification in the interaction of pathogenic bacteria with the innate immune system. LPS mutants with differential effects on the TLR4 and caspase pathways will provide a unique opportunity to tease apart the contributions of both pathways to the overall LPS biological activity. In addition, we will explore the role of delivery of LPS by OMVs (outer membrane vesicles) to the intracellular pathway activation. A second and complementary contribution will be the development of novel LPS purification methods, which will also lead to better understanding of LPS structure-function relationships by allowing the separation of complicated LPS mixtures in their individual molecular species. In addition, they will pave the way for purification procedures which can be upscaled for making clinical grade LPS in human vaccine applications.
Promotion of Pd nanoparticles by Fe and formation of a Pd3Fe intermetallic alloy for propane dehydrogenation

Abstract Silica supported Pd (∼2 nm), Pd3Fe (∼2 nm) and Pd3Fe_large (∼12 nm) catalysts were synthesized and tested for propane dehydrogenation at 510 °C. At the 10% conversion, Pd and Pd3Fe catalysts exhibited propylene selectivity of 45% and 94%, respectively. Moreover, the latter showed a turnover rate (TOR) of 0.2 s−1, which is five times higher than that of the Pd catalyst (0.04 s−1). Pd K edge XAS, XRD, and CO adsorbed IR were used to characterize the geometric structure of the catalysts. By combined comparison of XRD and XAS spectra of Pd3Fe and Pd3Fe_large catalysts, we successfully identified the crystalline phase in the 2 nm Pd3Fe catalyst. The CO adsorbed IR suggests that the formation of Pd3Fe breaks the ensemble of Pd, which is responsible for the increase of selectivity. The Pd L edge XAS was used to characterize the electronic structure of the catalysts. The Pd3Fe catalyst exhibits an increase of the edge energy compared with the Pd catalyst, which indicates the change of d-band structure in the bimetallic catalyst. The change in the electronic structure is likely the reason for the increase in TOR.
EDTA assisted phytoremediation of cadmium, lead and zinc.

Soils are extensively contaminated with different types of heavy metals worldwide and causing a severe disturbance to living biota of world. It is the need of time to remediate the soils from these contaminants; the most reputed cheap and economically feasible method is phytoremediation and phytoextraction of these contaminants. Different types of plants are used to remediate these contaminates from soils that are mostly known as hyperaccumulator. In most soils different types of metals are less bioavailable for plant uptake such as Pb, while Cd and Zn are readily bioavailable for plants in some soils. There is a need to make this process more time efficient and beneficial, the addition of chelating agent is required that can speed up this process. Chemical Chelator like EDTA has the capability to boost up the uptake by dissolving components of metals and has proven to enhance the metal accumulation. Addition of EDTA results in increase in plant growth parameters, dry matter stress tolerance index and accumulation of different metals such as Cd, Zn and Pb. Chemically enhanced phytoremediation has been recognized as one of the most beneficial, effective and economically viable method of bioremediation.
Use of a Marine Amphibious Force as a Field Army or Army Group Operational Reserve

Abstract : The intent of this monograph is to analyze whether a Marine Amphibious Force (MAF) is suitable to function as an operational reserve for an echelon above corps (EAC) headquarters. In conducting this analysis the structure of a MAF is dissected to provide its composition and capabilities. A historical example is then studied to describe any synergistic effects the Marine air/ground team has on the enemy. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of a MAF as an operational reserve are examined during both offensive and defensive operations. The author concludes that should a MAF be available for commitment to sustained ground combat its use as an operational reserve for an EAC commander is an excellent use of its fighting capabilities. Its employment could well mean the difference between defeat or victory during the early stages of a war. With much of a potential MAF already loaded and at sea the possibility of a MAF fighting ashore for sustained periods grows as the defense budget shrinks. Keywords: Marine division, Marine air wing, Marine amphibious force, Chosin reservoir, Marine air support.
Nanolasers for in-vivo deep in tissue neuron activation and action potential sensing

Summary
Nanolasers offer the ultimate photonic gadget with unique properties as biosensors and actuators. Lasers at the nanoscale can concentrate high optical powers in small volumes and use a fraction of the power required to drive a conventional laser. Recently, nanolasers and nanoresonators have seen use for biosensing, with the focus so far on in-vitro biochemistry. Translating this approach to in-vivo is complex but promises to link relevant in-vivo physiological information with chemical pathways. This project aims to integrate photonic architectures for in-vivo deep-tissue exploration and to translate this technology to areas where probing the local environment with light has an immediate impact, such as the Brain. My proposed research thus bridges different scientific disciplines exploring the physics of biological sensing.
I foresee 3 major efforts to succeed in this research:
1 – Design of micro- and nanocavities operating in the IR.
2 – In vitro characterization through highly scattering media. 
3 – In vivo investigations for deep-tissue sensing.
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR TRANSITIONING BETWEEN MODULATION FORMATS IN ADJACENT BURSTS TRIGGERING ON DATA FLOW

A system and method are provided for transitioning between modulation formats in adjacent transmit bursts. The system includes a modulation system having a data interface, first modulation circuitry operating according to a first modulation format, and second modulation circuitry operating according to a second modulation format. During a transition between a first transmit burst in the first modulation format and a second transmit burst in the second modulation format, the data interface receives a timing signal signifying a start of data for the second transmit burst. In response to the timing signal, the second modulation circuitry resets, and the data interface delays the data for the second transmit burst by a modulator delay time. By delaying the data for the second transmit burst, a glitch caused by resetting the second modulation circuitry arrives at the output of the second modulation circuitry prior to the data for the second transmit burst.
Classification of sows’ activity types from acceleration patterns using univariate and multivariate models

Automatic monitoring of animal behavior in livestock production opens up possibilities for on-line monitoring of, among others, oestrus, health disorders, and animal welfare in general. The aim of this study is to use time series of acceleration measurements in order to automatically classify activity types performed by group-housed sows. Extracts of series collected for 11 sows are associated with 5 activity types: feeding (FE), rooting (RO), walking (WA), lying sternally (LS) and lying laterally (LL). A total of 24h of three-dimensional series is used. One univariate model and four multivariate models are used to describe all five activity types. Three multivariate models differ in their variance/covariance structure; a fourth alternative multivariate model (MU) simply combines the 3-axes of the univariate model, assuming independence. For each model, the activity-specific parameters are estimated using the EM algorithm. The classification method, based on a Multi-Process Kalman Filter provides posterior probabilities for each of the 5 activities, for a given series. For the univariate model, LL is the activity which is best recognized by the 3-axes; FE, RO and WA are best recognized by one particular axis; LS is poorest recognized. The average results are improved by using all four types of multivariate models. The percentages of activity recognition are similar among the multivariate models. By grouping the activity types into active (FE, RO, WA) vs. passive (LS, LL) categories, the method allows to correctly classify 96% of the active category and 94% of the passive category.
Ensino de pensamento computacional para alunos do ensino básico usando Computação Desplugada e Scratch

A tecnologia está cada vez mais presente no cotidiano das pessoas, portanto, torna- se um importante recurso no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, com possibilidade de adoção não apenas em contextos específicos de cunho tecnológico, mas também em diversas outras áreas. Mais do que isso, ela tem se consolidado como um forte instrumento de transformação social, capaz de assegurar oportunidades de reflexão, atuação e desenvolvimento em vários aspectos. O ensino do Pensamento Computacional (PC) apresenta-se como um valioso artifício no desenvolvimento de várias habilidades cognitivas cruciais para lidar com a tecnologia, tais como raciocínio lógico, criatividade, inovação, resolução de problemas de forma rápida e diversificada, entre outros. Com o objetivo de levar o PC aos estudantes do ensino fundamental de Monte Carmelo-MG, foram desenvolvidas duas oficinas sobre os conceitos da Computação Desplugada e do Scratch, as quais foram ministradas aos alunos do quinto ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola da rede pública. Como resultado, conseguimos promover um engajamento dos discentes acerca do funcionamento e da construção de tecnologias computacionais e também contribuir para uma melhoria das relações interpessoais dos envolvidos.
Imitations and Transformations: On Side Effects of the ADHD Epidemic

The attention deficit hyperactivity disorder epidemic has been the subject of much scrutiny, especially in relation to the medicalization of children, and, to a lesser degree, to the use of Ritalin as a performance enhancer or party drug (e.g., Keane 2008; Whitaker 2010; Bowden 2013). In this article, my focus is on non-investigated side effects of this epidemic, namely the use of (prescription) Ritalin among heavy drug users. Based on fieldwork conducted in one of the largest cities in Denmark, in this article I trace the spread of intravenous use of Ritalin, and examine how different ways of ingesting Ritalin transform the drug itself, and, with this, transform treatment practices, parts of the drug scene, and the bodies of users. In my analysis, I draw on insights from anthropological theories on imitation and from material semiotics.
Circulating tumor cells for tailoring bmp targeted therapies

Gastro-intestinal (GI) cancers, including gastro-esophageal junctional (GEJC), gastric (GC), colorectal (CRC) and pancreatic cancer (PC) are devastating malignancies that annually affect over 2 million persons worldwide and lead to more than 600,000 deaths (Globocan 2012). Given the current trends, the incidence of GI cancer is expected to increase further. Conventional therapies include chemo- and radiation therapy combined with surgery. However, amongst cancer patients, GI cancer patients have one of the poorest outcomes with a 5-year survival ranging from only 60% for CRC to a mere 5% for PC
At the moment, important steps are being taken to implement the highly specific anti-BMP4 low molecular weight antibodies (Dwarfbodies ®; DB, recently developed by us) in the clinic as a novel treatment strategy for gastro-intestinal (GI) cancers. To enable optimal treatment a diagnostic compendium is required. The CTC4BMP project aims to deliver a blood based method for patient stratification to identify patients that will benefit from the BMP4 inhibiting Dwarfbody therapy.
IMPROVING SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF SET CEMENT

Subterranean operations include methods of cementing well bores. Disclosed methods include the steps of coating at least a portion of the walls of a formation well bore with a resin, introducing a cement composition into the formation well bore, and allowing the cement composition to set to provide a set cement sheath, wherein a shear bond strength of the set cement sheath in the presence of the resin coating is greater than a shear bond strength of the cement composition or a shear bond strength of the resin, each individually,
How do tannins kill parasitic worms?

Infection with gastrointestinal parasites is one of the most severe impediments on sustainable production of meat and milk from grazing livestock. Widespread resistance to the small number of available synthetic drugs has rendered continued prophylactic drug treatment unsustainable. One solution is to graze animals on bioactive forages that contain bioactive compounds with anti-parasitic activity such as condensed tannins (CT). This approach has been shown to be effective in reducing parasitic infection in grazing sheep and cattle, but as yet the anthelmintic mechanism of CT is unknown. The aim of the current proposal is to use highly purified CT molecules to investigate how CT bind to nematode parasites, and the role of CT polymer size in the binding properties. Furthermore, transcriptomics and functional biochemical experiments will be used to elucidate the biological pathways that are perturbed in nematodes after exposure to sub-lethal doses of CT in vitro. This unique multidisciplinary project will involve leading groups in both veterinary parasitology and phytochemistry, and combine the latest techniques in molecular parasitology and tannin chemistry. It is envisaged that the unique skill sets obtained from the project will be highly beneficial to my future career, as well as uncovering novel insights into the biological properties of CT that will greatly aid the practical future use of CT-containing forages, thus ensuring the continued sustainability of pasture-based livestock production.
Spatio-temporal dynamics of kind versus hostile intentions in the human brain: An electrical neuroimaging study

Neuroscience research suggests that inferring neutral intentions of other people recruits a specific brain network within the inferior fronto-parietal action observation network as well as a putative social network including brain areas subserving theory of mind, such as the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), and also the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Recent studies on harmful intentions have refined this network by showing the specific involvement of the ACC, amygdala, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in early stages (within 200 ms) of information processing. However, the functional dynamics for kind intentions within and among these networks remains unclear. To address this question, we measured electrical brain activity from 18 healthy adult participants while they were performing an intention inference task with three different types of intentions: kind, hostile and non-interactive. Electrophysiological results revealed that kind intentions were characterized by significantly larger peak amplitudes of N2 over the frontal sites than those for hostile and non-interactive intentions. On the other hand, there were no significant differences between hostile and non-interactive intentions at N2. The source analysis suggested that the vicinity of the left cingulate gyrus contributed to the N2 effect by subtracting the kindness condition from the non-interactive condition within 250-350 ms. At a later stage (i.e., during the 270-500 ms epoch), the peak amplitude of the P3 over the parietal sites and the right hemisphere was significantly larger for hostile intentions compared to the kind and non-interactive intentions. No significant differences were observed at P3 between kind and non-interactive intentions. The source analysis showed that the vicinity of the left anterior cingulate cortex contributed to the P3 effect by subtracting the hostility condition from the non-interactive condition within 450-550 ms. The present study provides preliminary evidence of the spatio-temporal dynamics sustaining the dissociation between the understandings of different types of social intentions.
Interventional strategies associated with improvements in survival for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in Singapore over 10 years

We aim to study if there has been an improvement in survival for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) in Singapore, the effects of various interventional strategies over the past 10 years, and identify strategies that contributed to improved survival.Rates of OHCA survival were compared between 2001-2004 and 2010-2012, using nationwide data for all OHCA presenting to EMS and public hospitals. A multivariate logistic regression model for survival to discharge was constructed to identify strategies with significant impact.A total of 5453 cases were included, 2428 cases from 2001 to 2004 and 3025 cases from 2010 to 2012. There was significant improvement in Utstein (witnessed, shockable) survival to discharge from 2001-2004 (2.5%) to 2010-2012 (11.0%), adjusted odds ratio (OR) 9.6 [95% CI: 2.2-41.9]). Overall survival to discharge increased from 1.6% to 3.2% (adjusted OR 2.2 [1.5-3.3]). Bystander CPR rates increased from 19.7% to 22.4% (p=0.02). The multivariate regression model (adjusted for important non-modifiable risk factors) showed that response time <8min (OR 1.5 [1.0-2.3]), bystander AED (OR 5.8 [2.0-16.2]), and post-resuscitation hypothermia (OR 30.0 [11.5-78.0]) were significantly associated with survival to hospital discharge. Conversely, pre-hospital epinephrine (OR 0.6 [0.4-0.9]) was associated negatively with survival.OHCA survival has improved in Singapore over the past 10 years. Improvement in response time, public AEDs and post-resuscitation hypothermia appear to have contributed to the increase in survival. Singapore's experience might suggest that developing EMS systems should focus on reducing times to basic life support, including bystander defibrillation and post-resuscitation care.
Predictors of Postoperative Decline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients Undergoing Robotic Partial Nephrectomy

To identify prognostic indicators of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) following robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN).In a retrospective study of RPN patients, we examined data describing age, gender, eGFR, body mass index (BMI), tumor size (TS), length of stay, and estimated blood loss (EBL). Changes in eGFR (i.e., renal function trajectory [RFT]) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage shift were analyzed with mixed model linear and logistic regression analyses, Chi-squared, and t-tests.Changes in eGFR (RFT) were determined in 122 patients at baseline and at 6- and 12-month follow-up visits. Mean age, TS, and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) were 62±11 years, 3±1.2 cm, and 4.8±1.8, respectively. The pre- and postoperative eGFR was lower in patients >60 years. Preoperative eGFR was unrelated to gender, BMI>30 kg/m(2), histopathology, nuclear grade, and TS. Univariate analyses determined that age, BMI>30, EBL>200 mL, CCI>5, and TS were associated with greater declines in eGFR. Reduced eGFR was also associated with warm ischemia time ≥22 minutes, while age was associated with a ≥1 worsening of British CKD classification. Using multivariate analysis, only age was significantly associated with a decline in eGFR, which was greater in patients with a normal preoperative eGFR.Patient age, BMI>30, EBL>200 mL, CCI>5, and TS were predictors of greater postoperative declines in eGFR. Although a decline in eGFR was proportionally greater in low stage CKD, postoperative changes are associated with advancing age.
Ion implant dose control

This invention is concerned with the control of implanting ions into a substrate, such as doping semiconductor wafers. The ion beam is measured to ensure waters are implanted with the correct, uniform ion dose. The incident ion beam comprises ions and neutrals, yet detectors measure only ions. The ions/neutrals ratio varies with the ion implanter's chamber pressure that in turn is known to rise and fall when the ion beam is on and off the wafer respectively, according to a characteristic time constant. This invention provides methods of correcting measured ionic currents to account for neutrals using the time constant. Initially an assumed time constant is used that is later improved by measuring the ionic current after a delay sufficient to allow the chamber pressure to recover to its base value. The time constant may also be improved by removing any quadratic variation in already determined true beam current values.
DEVICE FOR FEEDING WATER STEAM VIA A HEAT EXCHANGER IN A COMBUSTION CHAMBER AND METHOD

The invention relates to a device for feeding heated water steam via a heat exchanger in a thermal engine and method for using said device.
A rapid and cost-effective point-of-care diagnostic kit able to predict treatment response for appropriate multiple sclerosis management

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system currently affecting about 2.5 million people worldwide (mainly young adults, three times more women than men). There is no cure and therapies do not properly work in all patients. Personalized medicine is needed but we lack predictive biomarkers for treatment response to secure prompt and early treatment and the best clinical outcomes for each patient. Thus, MS represents a major public health issue with a substantial socioeconomic impact (€15.5 B annual costs in Europe). Bioithas is a biotechnology company in the field of health developing new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In response to the unmet need, it is focused on developing the first-ever gut microbiota based biomarker for predicting MS treatment response. ScleroTest, a quick point-of-care (PoC) diagnostic tool, will allow immunomodulatory profiling of patients to predict treatment response. It is a non-invasive, accurate (PCR performance), rapid (results in <24 h) and cost-competitive test (€25 test, ca. 58 % cheaper than magnetic resonance and JC virus alternatives). ScleroTest implantation in routine practice will face current MS management problems resulting on added value for patients, neurologists and health systems by allowing fast and correct therapy choice, better clinical outcomes and cost-savings. ScleroTest scalability will also open new avenues for personalized therapy in other diseases. Due to ScleroTest´s cost-competitive features plus the absence of real competition, the increasing MS prevalence and incidence globally and the growing PoC market (CAGR 10%, €33 B by 2022), Bioithas foresees ScleroTest as a fruitful business opportunity (accumulated net profit ca. €18.02 M, 2022-2026). To secure the successful market launch, we will perform a feasibility study analyzing technological, commercial and financial aspects to finalize our business plan.