SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Predicting global vulnerability of forests to drought using plant functional trait evolution

The earth is projected to experience higher climate variability in future, with increasing frequency and intensity of extreme events such as droughts and wildfires. Drought is a severe threat to world’s forests, and incidents of drought-induced forest die-back are already being reported. The resistance of the world’s forests to drought will be key to maintaining crucial ecosystem services, such as sequestering carbon and maintaining biodiversity.  
To understand what plant traits are responsible for drought-resistance, we aim to push the envelope of contemporary eco-evolutionary dynamic vegetation modelling. Accounting for trade-offs in growth via acquisition of resources and resistance to drought-induced mortality, we will allow plant traits to evolve under realistic drought regimes. We will calibrate and test our model using data on plant traits and long-term demography available from two tropical forest sites – a wet site from Costa Rica, and a seasonally dry site from southern India. We will then parametrize our model at a wider scale, using available data on traits and environmental fluxes from sites across the globe in different biomes. 
Bringing together expertise from plant physiology, evolutionary dynamics, and high-performance computing, our approach will advance our abilities to predict evolutionarily emergent plant strategies, plant productivity, and ecosystem services under current climatic conditions, and identify species and regions that are likely to be vulnerable to future changes in climate. Our models and methods could potentially be adopted for similar analyses in the agriculture sector. We will communicate our results to policymakers and the public via an interactive web-based dashboard. IIASA will provide the researcher with the perfect platform for research training, and for a dialogue with policymakers and other stakeholders to prepare for mitigating and adapting to climate change.
Is.Ide.M. - Isole ed identite  in movimento 

Context:
The area concerned is characterized by the greatness of the artistic and archaeological heritage, with its significant history and richness and variety of traditions, also due to an increasing attention towards the cultural contemporary heritage.  The project responds to the need to integrate tradition and the way of life of today, the value of existing heritage and support for the artistic and architectural production, the need for new ways of management, their organization and the need to insert on the networks of all these qualities.  The activities foreseen consist in offering some useful opportunities to create a vital and propulsive bridge with international art system.
 Aims:
The principal aims of the project are:
.          To experiment innovations together with the value of the artistic and cultural heritage through contemporary art;
.          To compare the different ways of management in order to value the artistic and cultural heritage;
.          To promote the difference between international artists and the Italian-Maltese Arts
.          To increase the cultural experiences of young Italian-Maltese artists
Some thoughts on Engel's coefficient,the Tourism Engel's coefficient

Engel's coefficient is not suitable for measuring residents living conditions in our country during the period of building a well-off society in an all-round way. The new social needs the index that includes more spiritual consumption to measure residents happy feeling and social development. In this context,Liu Simin thinks that tourism consumption contains material and spirit consumption characteristics. Tourism Engel coefficient can judge the people's living standard during the time of building a well-off society in an all-round way. But the empirical research of the urban residents in Henan province shows that only using the tourism consumption as index is insufficient on the calculation model,although from the perspective of residents' quality of life,tourism Engel coefficient provides a positive indicator of social development and people living standard. And it also needs to build a new model to make up the inadequacy of the Tourism Engel's coefficient.
Alternatives to veterinary antimicrobials

Antimicrobial resistance in livestock is a public health threat due to the risk of zoonotic transmission to humans and its negative consequences on animal health and welfare when diseases cannot be treated. AVANT is a multi-actor inter-sectorial project aimed at developing alternatives to antimicrobials for the management of bacterial infections in pigs, especially diarrhoea during the weaning period, as the major indication for antimicrobial use in livestock in Europe. Antimicrobial treatment options for pigs are increasingly limited because of planned restrictions in the use of colistin and zinc, two current choices for treatment of post-weaning diarrhoea. The AVANT portfolio comprises a variety of alternatives for treatment or prevention of diarrhoea and/or respiratory infections, namely (i) gut-stabilizing interventions based on a symbiotic (pre- and probiotic) product and faecal microbiota transplantation; (ii) novel veterinary medicinal products containing bacteriophages and polymers for targeted treatment of enterotoxigenic E.coli infections; (iii) immuno-stimulating injectable and feed additive products, and (iv) alternative feeding strategies targeting sows and piglets. During pre-clinical studies, efficacy, toxicity, and mode of action of these interventions is tested, and their dosage and formulation optimized. The results and a survey for veterinarian-, farmer- and consumers perception of antimicrobial alternatives, will be used together with legal and economic considerations to select three interventions for large-scale farm trials, assessing clinical efficacy and impact on antimicrobial use. All steps are supported by regulatory advice for quick market entry post-project. Generated and existing data on antimicrobial use, pig demographics and projected consumption of pork, will be used in mathematical modelling to estimate the reduction in antimicrobial use that could be achieved by 2030 if the AVANT alternatives were widely adopted in pig production.
1-cycloalkenyltetrazolinones

1-cycloalkenyltetrazolinone derivatives of the following herbicidal formula <IMAGE> R1 is cycloalkenyl which may optionally be substituted by halogen C1-4 alkyl, or bicycloalkenyl which may optionally be substituted by halogen or C1-4 alkyl, and R2 and R3 each independently is alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl (optionally substituted by a member selected from the group consisting of nitro, cyano, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy and alkylthio), alkenyl and alkynyl, or R2 and R3 together with the N-atom to which they are bonded form, a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring which may optionally contain a further hetero atom, said heterocyclic ring optionally being benzo-condensed, or a C-1-4 alkyl, and intermediates therefore of the formula <IMAGE>
Yellow Vests, Pessimistic Beliefs, and Carbon Tax Aversion

Using a representative survey, we find that after the Yellow Vests movement, French people would largely reject a tax and dividend policy, i.e., a carbon tax whose revenues are redistributed uniformly to each adult. They overestimate their net monetary losses, wrongly think that the policy is regressive, and do not perceive it as environmentally effective. We show that changing people’s beliefs can substantially increase support. Although significant, the effects of our informational treatments on beliefs are small. Indeed, the respondents that oppose the tax tend to discard positive information about it, which is consistent with distrust, uncertainty, or motivated reasoning. (JEL D83, H23, H31, Q54, Q58)
Smart pixel emitters for display

Aledia develops and manufactures a µLED (micro light-emitting diode) display technology based on a unique 3D architecture using gallium-nitride (GaN)-on-silicon nanowires (WireLED™). This technology can be applied in SmartPixels, where each µLED is directly controlled by a CMOS circuit for displays from the size of a smartphone to giant TVs. 

Aledia has developed this technology on 200mm silicon wafers and plans to scale it up to 300mm silicon substrates, giving high manufacturing yield. The purpose will be to provide display designers and assemblers with a disruptive technology as it can remove the need for a TFT layer in displays. This unlock the possibility to design truly flexible displays, giant TV screens, or smart displays (haptic…).

For the first time ever, the display industry can be relocated in Europe if required since the SmartPixel will allow to bypass the Asian monopoly of the TFT layer. µLeds with a pitch of less than 10µm, each one independently controlled by its own control command, will be available as soon as 2024, thus overcoming best experts’ estimates.
Combinatorial antibody synthesis for the discovery of new anti-tumour immunomodulators

Cancer represents one of the major challenges for modern medicine as we still lack tools to selectively target malignant over healthy tissues. The main issues with state of the art anti-cancer treatments lie on their inefficiency and their associated side-effects. Improving this treatments has focused a lot of attention of the scientific community and has led to the development of new strategies. Harnessing  our own immune system to fight malignant cells is one of the strategies with promising potential to improve cancer treatments, although challenges still remain. An emerging therapeutic modality to trigger our immune system against carcinogenic tissues are bispecific antibodies (bsAbs).  bsAbs are the combination of two antigen binding specificities on a common scaffold. The potential of these constructs to bind to two antigens can be used to simultaneously target cancer cells and the immune cell which will effectively kill it. The problem of bsAbs is their slow and tedious production process, which is responsible for their linear development. Herein we propose a methodology to speed up and improve the efficiency of their production. Our approach will consist in using novel site-specific bioorthogonal ligation reactions to tag monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with  linkers that will serve as substrates for an inverse electron demand Diels Alder condensation. By condensation of different combinations of tagged mAbs a library of bsAbs will be assembled.  The immunondulatory properties of the bsAbs will be tested  in high throughput using a  high content imaging platform. We will be able to select potential bsAbs for anticancer treatment from our extense library which will study in more depth using classic immunology methods to determine their mode of action and their anti tumour efficacy. The  acceleration of both the synthesis and identification of relevant bsAbs for anticancer treatments would significantly increase the presence and value of this technology.
International Refugee Law between Scholarship and Practice

Abstract Current challenges to the traditionally privileged position of law in both refugee policy and refugee studies invite scholars to consider carefully the approach we take to our craft. This article argues that refugee law scholarship is surrounded by thin walls, as researchers broker the ‘dual imperative’ to simultaneously advance knowledge and protection in a field heavily influenced by policy interests and networks of practitioners that actively take part in, and promote, scholarly production. These close links between the field and the policy world continue to shape research agendas, methodologies, and scholarly positions. This article draws from Bourdieusian field theory and legal sociology to offer a prism through which to look at the forces that influence refugee law research and to consider their implications for scholarship. It is argued that greater sensitivity to the underlying dynamics of our profession is essential, not only to ensure more inclusivity in the community of scholars and expand the current canon of refugee law, but ultimately to sustain claims to policy relevance.
Probability of real-valued events: a logico-algebraic investigation

The goal of this project is to develop logico-algebraic and measure theoretical techniques to study the probability theory of real-valued events. The classical approach to probability only allows the study of events that at some moment will either be verified or not. In more logical terms, they will become either true or false. In order to be able to treat the intrinsic vagueness of real-life declarative statements, we will study events whose truth-value can be intermediate, varying in the real unit interval (where 0 represents absolute falseness and 1 absolute truth). Our focus will be on the state theory, i.e. probability theory, of continuous (or more generally left-continuous) t-norm based fuzzy logics. The study will be carried out by the point of view of the algebraic semantics of such logics, which has proven to be extremely fruitful in recent years, showing interesting connections to measure theory. Indeed, in different fuzzy logics it is possible to introduce a notion of probability map on the algebras of formulas in such a way that it axiomatizes the Lebesgue integral of the formulas (which, thanks to universal algebraic results, can be seen as real-valued functions). As a most challenging goal, we will investigate the minimal properties for a logic to allow the axiomatization of a probability theory axiomatizing the Lebesgue integral of formulas. Moreover, as in recent years the artificial intelligence perspective is emerging, we will develop logical frameworks for many-valued probabilistic reasoning, and study the satisfiability of the probabilistic assertions for such logics. The study will strongly ground on preliminary work of research the fellow has conducted in recent years. Moreover, it will benefit from the broad experience of the supervisor as a leading researcher in the field, and of the high level, multidisciplinary environment of the hosting institute.
Seabirds under pressure: revealing the effects of mercury exposure

Mercury emission into the environment is a globally relevant issue because exposure to mercury represents a significant threat to humans and biodiversity worldwide. Now more than ever, we need to understand how will exposure to mercury contamination affect life history traits of wildlife.
SUPREME aims to investigate for the first time the consequences of mercury exposure in seabirds with a particular focus on physiological traits and susceptibility to viral diseases, a topic that clearly deserve further investigations given the dramatic rise in mercury contamination and the likely increase of infectious diseases occurrence in the years to come. The project aims to address two main objectives: i) assess to which extent mercury exposure causes physiological dysfunction and facilitates the manifestation of the disease and ii) determine whether mercury accumulation and viral disease accelerate telomere shortening.
The existing high levels of mercury and the annual viral outbreaks that cause the mortality of almost all seabird chicks in the study site (a small island in French Guiana, South America) exploit an unprecedented opportunity to investigate a topic that remains largely unexplored. Not only SUPREME will combine the collection of longitudinal (within-individual variation over time) with experimental data, but will benefit from hundreds of blood samples (i.e. 413) collected by myself from 2015 to 2017.
SUPREME has an extra value in terms of conservation because it will be carried out on a colony of Magnificent frigatebirds that is considered one of the most important of South America, acting as a genetic bridge among Brazilian and Caribbean colonies. Never has it been more crucial to liase with competent authorities to implement regulatory measures to limit mercury emission into the environment. SUPREME aims to also reach this objective by demonstrating the impact of environmental contaminants on wildlife health and by transferring the results to local authorities
A real-time forecast decision support system for the food supply chain

The project proposes an innovative systems approach to address existing food supply chain waste and shortcomings in food safety, integrity and traceability. FreshProof is a forecast decision support system to deliver accurate, real-time and on demand food product shelf-life prediction along the farm-consumer supply axis. It will exploit a novel monitoring system of multi-sensor units designed to monitor an array of critical environmental conditions when positioned in the field (pre-harvest) and during processing and distribution (postharvest). Each unit will be networked to a cloud based platform receiving an essential flow of real-time data. Advanced chemometrics and data fusion algorithms will be employed to mine and merge this data with data on products multiple quality attributes, nutritional value and safety, (obtained during laboratory simulation). This state-of-the-art system will for the first time employ a holistic approach combining both pre- and postharvest conditions in a single decision support tool and the first to implement prediction models to determine the remaining shelf-life and nutritional value of a product to consumer level. FreshProof is built on the applicant’s existing technical and research competencies in bioprocess engineering, food chemical analysis and chemometrics, enabling her to transfer, develop and apply these skills to food quality, safety, integrity and traceability systems. The applicant will reinforce the international aspect of her career development through training at the University of South Florida (USF) from Prof. Nunes and her research team - pioneers in the application of multi-sensor platforms across supply chains. During the return stage at University College Dublin (UCD) under the guidance of Prof. O’Donnell the researcher will transfer the knowledge gained to the EU whilst validating and promoting FreshProof across EU stakeholders.
Comparison of 2 different flap techniques in the surgical removal of bilateral impacted mandibular third molars

To estimate the effects of flap design on wound dehiscence and the postoperative side effects after the extraction of bilateral impacted mandibular third molars. Materials and methods: This study was designed as a randomized, clinical trial composed of a sample of subjects =>18 years of age who required surgical extraction of the mandibular third molars. The predictor variable was flap type. A 3-cornered flap was used on one side and a modified triangular flap was used on the other. The primary outcome variable was wound dehiscence. The secondary outcome variables were pain, swelling, and trismus. Other variables were demographic and operative. Descriptive, bivariate statistics were computed. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Forty patients who required removal of bilateral impacted third molars were included. There were no significant differences regarding wound dehiscence and postoperative side effects between the 2 flap techniques. Conclusion: Both flap designs obtained similar short-term outcomes in mandibular third molar surgery.
Applying toxicological risk assessment principles to constituents of smokeless tobacco products: implications for product regulation

To determine how information on chemical constituents of different smokeless tobacco products (STPs) may be used in cancer risk assessment for regulatory purposes.This study investigated select STP constituents potentially associated with significant cancer risk by applying a known toxicological risk assessment framework. Cancer risk estimates were obtained for selected constituents of STPs and a medicinal nicotine gum formulation with comparable toxicity information and also median concentration data on the GothiaTek analytes. The calculated cancer risk was considered 'unacceptable' if it exceeded the US Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA's) benchmark of an 'acceptable' cancer risk of 10E-6.The cancer risk estimates derived from daily use of 10 g of STPs meeting the industry-set GothiaTek limits exceed the levels generally considered 'acceptable' by the USEPA at least 8000 times. Except for the medicinal nicotine tested, all the STP types, including the relatively lower tobacco specific nitrosamine (TSNA)-containing snus, were found to carry an 'unacceptable' cancer risk. The calculated cancer risks associated with the snus and the US moist snuff products were, respectively, at least 1000 times and 6000 times greater than the minimum acceptable. TSNA and cadmium are associated with the largest estimated cancer risks for all the STPs evaluated.This study's findings provide an empirical risk assessment that could guide STP regulation using an existing toxicological assessment framework. The study findings question the scientific rationale of the industry-set standards and highlight the need for regulatory actions to reduce specific toxicants in all STPs.
The vector approach to the problem of physical libration of the Moon: the linearized problem

A flexible and informative vector approach to the problem of physical libration of the rigid Moon has been developed in which three Euler differential equations are supplemented by 12 kinematic ones. A linearized system of equations can be split into an even and odd systems with respect to the reflection in the plane of the lunar equator, and rotational oscillations of the Moon are presented by superposition of librations in longitude and latitude. The former is described by three equations and consists of unrestricted oscillations with a period of T1 = 2.878 Julian years (amplitude of 1.855″) and forced oscillations with periods of T2 = 27.201 days (15.304″), one stellar year (0.008″), half a year (0.115″), and the third of a year (0.0003″) (five harmonics altogether). A zero frequency solution has also been obtained. The effect of the Sun on these oscillations is two orders of magnitude less than that of the Earth. The libration in latitude is presented by five equations and, at pertrubations from the Earth, is described by two harmonics of unrestricted oscillations (T5 ≈ 74.180 Julian years, T6 ≈ 27.347 days) and one harmonic of forced oscillations (T3 = 27.212 days). The motion of the true pole is presented by the same harmonics, with the maximum deviation from the Cassini pole being 45.3″. The fifth (zero) frequency yields a stationary solution with a conic precession of the rotation axis (previously unknown). The third Cassini law has been proved. The amplitudes of unrestricted oscillations have been determined from comparison with observations. For the ratio \( \frac{{\sin I}} {{\sin \left( {I + i} \right)}} \approx 0.2311 \), the theory gives 0.2319, which confirms the adequacy of the approach. Some statements of the previous theory are revised. Poinsot’s method is shown to be irrelevant in describing librations of the Moon. The Moon does not have free (Euler) oscillations; it has oscillations with a period of T5 ≈ 74.180 Julian years rather than T ≈ 148.167 Julian years.