SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Inner models and infinite computations

This proposal is in mathematical logic. It aims to study interactions between set theory and computability. More specifically, we want to apply techniques from inner model theory to computability and randomness. 

The development of modern set theory began with Paul Cohen's solution of Hilbert's first problem in 1964. Since then, set theory has been used to solve important problems in various areas of mathematics. Descriptive set theory studies definable sets of reals, for instance Borel and analytic sets, and computability studies computable functions and its higher analogues. 

We propose to develop applications of inner model theory in computability. Inner model theory is a major field of set theory  which was pursued for instance by Ronald Jensen (recipient of the AMS Steel prize 2003 and Hausdorff medal 2015) and Hugh Woodin (recipient of the Hausdorff medal 2013).  A major aim of this field is to determine the logical strength of theories. Recently, several new approaches for constructions of inner models have been studied, for example via strong logics by Menachem Magidor and Jouko Väänänen. We propose to follow this line of research and to study models constructed via ideas from infinite computation related to work of Joel David Hamkins and Philip Welch. 

We further propose to apply inner model theory and descriptive set theory to study random sequences. Algorithmic randomness is a central field in computability with connections to theoretical computer science, that has been studied intensively, for instance by Ted Slaman and Andre Nies. We aim to solve problems in the higher generalizations of algorithmic randomness.
“In vivo click pet imaging agents”: improving clinical companion diagnostics

Companion diagnostics are crucial for drug development and disease management with regard to patient selection, therapy planning and monitoring. Nanomedicines such as antibodies have been proven to be optimal disease-targeting agents because they generally exhibit superior target uptake and retention. However, to date, nuclear imaging of nanomedicines has been limited to the use of long-lived isotopes to be compatible with the slow pharmacokinetics of these large molecules. Major drawbacks are high radiation doses, precluding routine and repeated companion imaging procedures.
The Click-It consortium aims to circumvent this issue by using pretargeting approach, which centers on the administration and target binding of a tagged nanomedicine followed by administration and binding of a small, fast-clearing, short-lived radiolabeled probe to the tag of the nanomedicine. This results in lower absorbed radiation doses and in a boost in target-blood ratios, which in turn leads to a superior imaging contrast. PET scan snapshots at multiple time-points provide long-term imaging information by applying short-lived nuclides. So far, only the fastest click reaction, the tetrazine ligation, has demonstrated potential in clinically relevant conditions. Recently, we have shown in a SPECT imaging study that this click reaction can be applied for non-internalizing nanomedicines in vivo.
This project aims at expanding the scope of click-pretargeted imaging to intracellular targets, because a majority of nanomedicines internalize and is thus not accessible with the current approach. Furthermore, we will expand our approach to short-lived, non-metal based, small molecule 18F-PET tracers, since PET offers a higher spatial and temporal resolution enabling quantitative decision making in disease diagnosis and management. Finally, the project aims to translate the developed click-pretargeting technology into a clinically applicable nanomedicine-based imaging approach in relevant patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models.
Linking plant-soil feedbacks to aboveground-belowground interactions for noxious weed control

Recent research has proven that plant-soil feedbacks (PSF) can shape plant community composition, and that soil inoculation can be used to steer this. This provides the yet unexplored potential to target PSF for the control of noxious weeds, which are among the major threats to native plant diversity and forage yield. Recent studies showed that PSF-induced changes in plant chemistry can consecutively affect aboveground herbivory, a driver of plant performance that is used in weed biocontrol. I have a solid background in biocontrol and plant population dynamics. In my project SOIL-4-CONTROL I aim to provide a proof-of-principle that integrates effects of PSF and aboveground herbivory to control common ragwort, a worldwide toxic weed of grasslands rapidly expanding in Europe. The project will also yield fundamental knowledge on the (chemical) interplay between PSF and herbivores.
Hosted by Leiden University, I will join an ongoing experiment of my supervisor Prof. Bezemer, who manipulated PSF at large scale in the field by soil inoculation. By combining analysis of unpublished data, experimentation in this field, a mesocosm experiment, and chemical analysis of the plants used, I will 1) examine soil-mediated effects on ragwort establishment in the field; 2) quantify the role of soil-mediated and herbivore community effects on ragwort performance in the field; 3) disentangle effects of PSF, specialist and generalist herbivores, and plant competition on ragwort performance. 
I will involve nature managers for future use of our expected results in grassland restoration. With my secondment host CABI, an environmental management organisation, I will explore wider applications of PSF in invasive plant management, as urged by the EU Regulation 1143/2014. I will engage the public following my strong record in science communication. The excellent scientific environment and the training programme allow me to develop the professional maturity for a future PI position in Europe.
Traceable robotic handling of sterile medical products

Creating new healthcare products requires testing huge numbers of samples. Today manual procedures dominate, since regulations require understanding of the execution of each process step and systematic checking to verify task completion– what in this domain is called traceability.
The objective of TraceBot is to bring verifiable actions to robot manipulation by reasoning over sensor-actor trails in a traceability framework based on digital-twin technology. This entails extending current robot motion planners by the automatic execution of self-checking procedures and creating a semantic trace of the actions performed for reasoning about the correct (in the sense of domain regulations) execution of the production steps. The goal is to create robotic systems able to understand what they perceive and do, to ensure that any manipulation action is verified, so leading to the Audit Trail required in the regulated environment. To achieve this ambitious goal, we will develop: appropriate tactile fingers/grippers for handling medical products; a set of manipulation skills to execute the regulatory checking action for every assembly step, leading to the audit trail; an intuitive programming method for a quick adaptation to novel products and tasks; reasoning for safe and failure-resistant operation of the robot system to meet the need of safety-critical automation.
To maximise impact, TraceBot has adopted sterility testing as use case, a key process in the distribution of medical products. The industries are highly competitive and innovative, being a major sector for the EU, turning over €1000bn/year and providing 10 million jobs. Automation is needed to reduce cost, to improve the quality of production and working conditions. The capability to verify and trace robot actions would overcome a barrier in medical industries. We will demonstrate that our traceability framework achieves it on a complete set of steps for sterility testing and show rapid adaption to another test set.
Alternative quality and authenticity methods for sugar and confectionery industry

SuChAQuality aims to form an international and cross-sectoral network of organizations having expertise and skills in different areas to develop novel analytical methodologies to tackle the authenticity and quality problems of sugar and confectionery industries. SuChAQuality will enhance the quality of R&I in Europe, promoting cooperation along the ‘Sugar’ Value Chain actors. This will be achieved through advanced international, intersectoral, cooperation between 7 academic and 5 industry partners who have in-depth knowledge of food science, chemistry, physics, design, production, biotechnology, statistics, mathematics and engineering. The participants of the network will exchange skills and knowledge which will allow them to progress towards making key advances in new food analysis techniques, while strengthening the collaborative research between different countries and sectors. Advances in quality and authenticity methods that will be developed within the scope of the project will bring affordable and convenient solutions for non-academic participants which will help to protect the quality and authenticity of their products thus reducing their waste. In turn, this will bring both cost savings to the consumers of such products and ensure that society as a whole benefit from a stable supply of authentic and good quality products. The staff members who participate in the project will develop new skills, be exposed to new research environments and have their career perspectives widened. SuChAQuality will focus on the quality and authenticity problems of sugar and confectionery sectors which are closely related and feeding each other. In SuChAQuality quick; reliable; affordable and efficient quality control methods will be developed to replace the current traditional methods that have been used in these industries.
A new control method for improving transient response of parallel VSIs in islanded microgrids

Recently voltage source inverters have played an important role in stability of Microgrids (MGs). These inverters are controlled by droop control method. This method has several advantages such as using of local signals and satisfying steady state behavior of VSIs. But in transient, inverters have unbalanced power sharing and consequently circulating current flows between them. This current without feeding load flows and causes losses. In this paper for eliminating these problems, a new method based on conventional droop method is presented. This new method uses absolute value of current signal only and replacing LPF by a DC Mean Block. To compare two methods, a system with two parallel inverters is simulated in MATLAB. Comparison between Results of two methods shows effectiveness of proposed method in improvement of VSIs’ behavior in transient response.
METHOD FOR DETERMINING AN UPDATED TRAJECTORY FOR A VEHICLE

A method (500) for determining an updated trajectory (413) at a certain time point for the longitudinal and/or lateral control of a vehicle (100) is described. The method (500) comprises determining (501) short-range trajectory candidates in an immediate vicinity (414) of a trajectory (403) determined at a preceding time point, the short-range trajectory candidates being determined with a relatively fine value resolution of one or more state variables of the vehicle (110). In addition, the method (500) comprises determining (502) at least one long-range trajectory candidate outside of the immediate vicinity (414) of the trajectory (403) determined at the preceding time point, the long-range trajectory candidate being determined with a relatively coarse value resolution of the one or more state variables. Furthermore, the method (500) comprises determining (503) the updated trajectory (413) at the certain time point on the basis of the determined short-range trajectory candidates and on the basis of the determined long-range trajectory candidate.
METHOD FOR DETERMINING A HLA-DQ HAPLOTYPE IN A SUBJECT

The present invention relates to a method for determining a HLA-DQ haplotype of a subject, said method comprising: (a) obtaining a sample of genetic material from said subj ect ; (b) providing the identity of a nucleotide for one or more single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) correlating to said HLA-DQ haplotype in said sample of genetic material; and (c) determining the HLA-DQ haplotype based on the identity of said nucleotide, wherein the one or more SNPs are selected from the group consisting of rs2395182, rs7775228, rs4713586, rs2187668, rs4639334 and rs7454108. The invention provides a novel, simple and reliable method for determining the HLA-DQ haplotype of a subject.
SHIELDING DEVICE FOR CONDUCTING A MAGNETIC FIELD FOR A TRACK BRAKE, MAGNETIC BODY FOR A TRACK BRAKE, TRACK BRAKE FOR A RAIL VEHICLE AND METHOD FOR OPERATING A TRACK BRAKE COMPRISING A SHIELDING DEVICE

The present invention relates to a shielding device (116) for conducting a magnetic field for a track brake (102) of a rail vehicle (100), wherein the track brake (102) has at least one magnetic body (114). The shielding device (116) comprises: at least one first layer (220) which is or can be arranged on the magnetic body (114); at least one second layer (222), wherein an outer contour of the first layer (220) differs from an outer contour of the second layer (222); and an insulation layer (224) arranged between the first layer (220) and the second layer (222), wherein the insulation layer (224) is designed to electrically insulate the two layers (220, 222) from one another.
Elecreoreduction of CO2 to formic acid on Cu: Role of water bilayer in modeling electrochemical interface

Abstract Solid–liquid interface, which is the location that electrochemical reaction occurs, is essential for CO2 reduction. However, different theoretical calculations often use different models of solid–liquid interface and predict conflicting mechanisms, e.g. for the formation of HCOOH. To address this issue, we adopt different structures of solid–liquid interface to mimic the reaction circumstance using density functional theory calculations. We find that the reaction barriers and energies are sensitive to the reaction circumstance, such as the state of water molecules, the number of water molecules, and the available surface sites, whereas the selectivity of CO2 reduction can be hardly changed once a water bilayer network on Cu surface is used. In particular, a solid–liquid interface built from 4-6-4 water rings (5H2O/1H) can present an appropriate description of the solvent, predicting the formation pathways of HCOOH in reasonable agreement with the experiments. These results confirm the role of water bilayer networks in describing solid–liquid interface in the electrocatalysis, which serves as an important basis for the future studies.
STAIRWAY APPARATUS

An apparatus to assist an individual to ascend or descend a stairway (10) comprises, on either side, support members (16, 22), each having a guide path (34) to accept respective ends (30, 32) of a bar (26), hooked (46) holdfast points (42) being spaced around the distance between treads (12). The individual holds the bar (26) and supports himself by moving the bar (26) between holdfast points. Storage means (58) allow stowage of the bar (26) at the end of the stairway (10). The support members (16, 22) can comprise two guide paths (34B, 34C, 34A, 34D), one above the other, at respective optimal heights for ascending and descending the stairway (10), and can comprise lights (88). Side members (16, 22) are panels (64) provided in flat pack form. Hinge-down extensions (102, 104) permit use onto intermediate landings (94) and around corners (96). The bar (26) comprises a detachable belt (56A) to support the individual if fallen, a sliding end stop (130) to ensure good engagement with the side members (16, 22), an alarm (170), hand grips (28) and transport containers (162, 160).
PLANTER APPARATUS

A planter apparatus is disclosed herein. The planter apparatus includes a growth chamber; a transmissivity-reducing window adjustable from a substantially opaque state to a substantially transparent state. The window can include a first transmissivity-reducing layer and a second transmissivity-reducing layer coupled to the first transmissivity-reducing layer, and at least a portion of the growth chamber is viewable through the window when the window is in the substantially transparent state. The planter apparatus includes a transmissivity controller for operating the window between the substantially opaque state and the substantially transparent state. For example, the first transmissivity-reducing layer can include a switching film and the second transmissivity-reducing layer can include a gel filter.
The impact of reducing setup costs on the lot size and objectives of manufacturing

This paper points out the significance of setup costs reduction on the decrease of lot size. The authors demonstrate this phenomenon on a flexible manufacturing system simulation model. The research focus was to fully understand the relationships between the lot size and setup costs. The aim of research was to show an impact of lot size on the selected manufacturing objectives. For each series of experiments, the setup costs were continuously reduced, and then the optimal lot size was determined by simulation optimization. The procedure for lot size determination was proposed by the authors and is based on a simulation optimization method. The authors have expressed their hypothesis of the positive impact of the optimal lot size on the objective parameters fulfilment of a manufacturing system, especially the minimization of costs per unit, throughput time and work in progress and the maximization of number of finished products and machine utilization. The hypothesis was confirmed by the gained simulation experiment results.
P034

Aim Standardization of test methods helps provide consistent results with assays that have tech to tech, day to day or other variables that may affect results. Our aim was to validate a plate washer for antibody testing to normalize the washing technique used in our laboratory to determine if day to day and tech to tech variability could be prevented. Method The Biotek ELx50 is an automated plate washer that has the ability to perform washing methods using vacuum filtration. An incubation/washing program was created to provide a routine consistent washing technique to use when performing antibody testing. Results An extensive analytical validation took place by testing samples ( n  = 20) that were previously tested by manual washing methods for phenotype beads, class I and class II single antigen beads (SAB) using a program created in the Biotek, Elx50. Using the mean florescence intensity (MFI) values we were able to determine specificity and sensitivity by comparing to the manual wash method by calculating the percent difference between the two methods and factoring in the average deviation of the negative control for both methods. The average specificity for phenotype beads, class I SAB and class II SAB was 99% or greater. The average sensitivity for the phenotype beads and class I SAB was 83% or better and class II SAB was 63%. We also looked at day to day variations and technologist to technologist variations. By comparing runs from two consecutive days of testing for the day to day testing variation, we were able to obtain 100% specificity for phenotype beads, class I SAB and class II SAB. The average sensitivity for the phenotype beads was 80%, class I SAB was 67% and class II SAB was 76%. As for technologist to technologist variation, the overall specificity for phenotype beads, class I SAB and class II SAB was 100%. The average sensitivity for phenotype beads, class I SAB class II SAB was 70% or better. Conclusion As seen by the results for both specificity and sensitivity, the Biotek ELx50 can be used to standardize solid phase assays by eliminating the variation seen with manual washing technique to provide a more consistent MFI value. The plate washer is also beneficial in decreasing hands-on time by 75%; therefore reducing turn-around time.
Set-specific capture can be reduced by pre-emptively occupying a limited-capacity focus of attention

Recent work has shown that contingent attentional capture effects can be especially large when multiple attentional sets for color guide visual search (Moore & Weissman, 2010). In particular, this research suggests that detecting a target-colored (e.g., orange) distractor leads the corresponding attentional set (e.g., identify orange letters) to enter a limited-capacity focus of attention in working memory, where it remains briefly while the distractor is being attended. Consequently, the ability to identify a differently-colored (e.g., green) target 100-300 ms later is impaired because the appropriate set (e.g., identify green letters) cannot also enter the focus of attention. In two experiments, we investigated whether such set-specific capture can be reduced by preemptively occupying the focus of attention. As predicted, a target-colored central distractor presented 233 ms before a target-colored peripheral distractor eliminated set-specific capture arising from the peripheral distractor. Moreover, this effect was observed only when the central distractor's color (e.g., orange) (a) matched a different set than the upcoming peripheral distractor's color (e.g., green) and (b) matched the same set as the upcoming central target's color (e.g., orange). We conclude that the same working memory limitations that give rise to set-specific capture can be preemptively exploited to reduce it.
Measuring Variability in Freeway Traffic States Using Real-time Loop Data in Jilin

Understanding the evolution of traffic states in both time and space is a critical step toward improving freeway modeling and operations. Dual-loop detectors can a foundation for a uniform and comprehensive evaluation of traffic states, however, the multiple influencing factors derived from loop data lead to a combined effect which complicates the measurement. Furthermore, the goals and objectives of evaluation are inherently an expression of the various stakeholders affected by the traffic conditions, so the evaluation process and result must address the interests of all stakeholders. Therefore, this paper introduces a novel hybrid method based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) using loop data. This method can evaluate traffic conditions of each freeway section relative to others by considering various stakeholders’ preferences in multiple performance measures. In particular, this research evaluates the traffic conditions of 6 freeway sections in Seattle by incorporating two types of stakeholders’ preferences, and 5 measures are established on the basis of the 12-month loop data for the year 2010. As a result, the best sections and others’ performance gaps can be identified. The conclusions indicate the stakeholders can gain new insight into the overall traffic conditions behind multiple performance measures with our method, and the analysis of returns to scale can generate references for infrastructure investment and facilitate optimal allocation of resources.