SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Huts and bivouacs in the Eastern alpine arc for safe and proper mountain climbing 

The project is part of a wider programme which aims at developing high altitude tourism and encompasses the bordering areas of Slovenia, Carinthia and Friuli Venezia Giulia. The integration of European policies and Slovenia’s entry into the European Union will foster tourism development in the area and will require a larger commitment by local organizations and institutions in order to fulfil tourists’ requirements. To this end, the Alpine Clubs of the three territories have signed a convention which envisages the creation of a network to exchange information and to share experiences, in order to coordinate the individual activities and to promote joint projects. This agreement is consistent with the objectives set by the Alpine Convention (signed in 1991) that aims at promoting a sustainable development in the territories of the Alpine Arc and improving the local populations’ quality of life. The project envisages the renovation of the “Alpine Home” at Valbruna to establish here an educational centre. The centre will become a reference point for the other tourist structures of the region and is connected with the Mojstrana Centre (Triglav Park) and the Glocknerhaus Centre (Grossglockner), with a view to joint collaboration and promotion. The project aims at adjusting and renovating the Grego Mountain Hut (Tarvisio), Grauzaria Hut (Moggio), Pelizzo Hut (Savogna), Nordio Hut (Pontebba) and Perugini and Frisacco bivouacs (Friuli Dolomites Park).
Climate and weather in indo-european

""Climate and Weather in Indo-European"" (IE CLIMATE) is a research project which investigates the weather- and climate-related vocabulary of the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) language from a linguistic and cultural standpoint, with the goal of identifying the weather phenomena and climate conditions the speakers of PIE were exposed to and were familiar with, and of better understanding these early speakers' attitudes towards and interactions with the weather and climate of the areas in which they lived. I will attain these goals by: 1) collecting and analysing the Indo-European stock of climate and weather vocabulary in order to reconstruct the PIE words for these terms, ascertain the dates and locations of first attestation, and extrapolate from these the weather conditions of the Indo-European homeland; 2) collecting and analysing Indo-European religious formulae related to the weather, names and epithets for gods associated with weather and climate phenomena, and other relevant cultural material, in order to gain familiarity with and draw conclusions about the way the ancient Indo-Europeans lived with and understood their environment; 3) creating an interactive atlas of Indo-European climate and weather terminology. This aspect of the project involves correlating climate-related terms to the location and time at which they are first attested, in order to assess the origins and spread of climate terminology.  IE CLIMATE will substantially increase our understanding of the physical world inhabited by the Indo-Europeans and the vocabulary they used to describe it. This project will also significantly add to the body of knowledge in the developing subdiscipline of Indo-European archaeo-linguistics (the integration of historical linguistics and archaeological methodologies in order to understand the material and social culture of the ancient unwritten past).
Fast acting virus control strategies for production animal diseases

The objective of the FACTs project is to sign a term sheet with investors for ViroVet, an emerging Belgian biotech company, aimed at developing and introducing a disruptive treatment for bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) in beef cattle.
BVD is a globally endemic disease of cattle costing the industry billions of Euros every year in the form of increased mortality, decreased feed efficiency and increased susceptibility to secondary disease. Conventional BVD vaccines are unable to fully control the disease due to antigenic variability of the virus and inadequate host immune response to vaccination. BVD virus can infect calves in utero leading to persistently infected (PI) animals that are difficult to detect but that shed massive amounts of virus, resulting in continuous contamination of the herd. The product will initially be launched in the EU and US, with other large beef-producing markets, such as Brazil, also considered. It will be administered to cattle upon arrival at the feedlot or auction house, which is a time of high susceptibility to infection. The drug will prevent exposed animals from developing clinical disease and will reduce viral shedding by PI animals until they are identified and separated from the herd. The drug will be added to standard processing procedures to minimize labour time and cost.
The BVD project is in TRL-6 stage and is predicted to reach market in 6-8 years’ time with peak sales of €150 million in the EU and US alone. Key opinion leaders (KOLs) are supportive of the product and a number of investors have expressed their interest. In Phase I, ViroVet will conduct market research and consult with KOLs in Europe and in other major beef markets to ensure successful introduction of the product. A comparative analysis of regulatory requirements will assist in the refinement of the business plan that will minimize time to market and maximize rapid return on investment. Contracts with investors will be finalized and a term sheet will be signed.
The Nexus of Environmental Dynamism and Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation in Small Businesses

The relatively low total early stage entrepreneurial activity and consequent unsatisfactory performance of small businesses in South Africa is a problem. The problem may not be unrelated to the business environment and the entrepreneurial disposition of small firms; and it is concerning. Acting on this concern, this study examines possible associations between environmental dynamism (ED) and the individual dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (EO). The focus on EO dimensions as dependent variables is rare as EO is often conceptualised as a consolidated construct. The study used a quantitative methodological approach and relied on data obtained through a survey of 1031 randomly selected small firms. Descriptive and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were conducted on the data, and partial-least-square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the hypothesised relationships. The findings revealed that only four dimensions of EO were statistically recognisable by respondents to this study, contrary to the five dimensions propounded in theory. Nevertheless, positive associations were observed between environmental dynamism and each of the dimensions of EO albeit to varying degrees. This finding highlights the importance of a dynamic, opportunityyielding environment that enhances entrepreneurial action especially among small businesses.
Extracorporeal high intensity focused ultrasound for renal tumours: a 3-year follow-up

To determine whether primary extracorporeal high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is safe, feasible and effective for managing small renal tumours.Although surgery currently remains the standard treatment for localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the increasing incidence of small renal cancers has led to a shift towards nephron-sparing surgery, with associated morbidity in 20-25% of cases, and minimally invasive ablative therapies present an alternative management. HIFU results in 'trackless' homogenous tissue ablation and when administered via an extracorporeal device, is entirely noninvasive. The study comprised 17 patients (mean tumour size 2.5 cm) with radiologically suspicious renal tumours who underwent extracorporeal HIFU using the Model-JC System (Chongqing HAIFU™, China), under general anaesthesia with one overnight hospital stay. Real-time diagnostic ultrasonography was used for targeting and monitoring. Patients were followed with a clinical review and gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging at 12 days and every 6 months for a mean of 36 months. The outcomes measures were patient morbidity and oncological efficacy of HIFU treatment.Of the 17 patients, 15 were treated according to protocol; two procedures were abandoned due to intervening bowel. There were no major complications related to HIFU. Radiological evidence of ablation was apparent at 12 days in seven of the 15 patients. Before the 6-month follow-up one patient had surgery due to persisting central enhancement. Fourteen patients were evaluated at the 6-month follow-up; eight tumours had involuted (mean 12% decrease in tumour area). Four patients had irregular enhancement on imaging and had alternative therapies. Ten patients remain on follow-up at a mean (range) of 36 (14-55) months after HIFU (mean 30% decrease in tumour area). There was central loss of enhancement in all.Renal HIFU achieves stable lesions in two-thirds of patients, with minimal morbidity, and might be appropriate in selected cases. Further trials with accurate histological follow-up are essential to fully evaluate this novel technique.
Transient analysis of subcritical/supercritical carbon dioxide based natural circulation loops with end heat exchangers: Numerical studies

Abstract Transient analysis of carbon dioxide based natural circulation loop (NCL) with end heat exchangers has been carried out. Subcritical and supercritical phases of CO2 are considered with operating pressures in the range of 50–100 bar for an operating temperature range of 323 K to 363 K. Studies are carried out for various loop tilt angles, different initial conditions, and different water mass flow rates. Results are obtained for various inlet temperatures of water in the hot heat exchanger while keeping the inlet temperature of cooling water in the cold heat exchanger fixed. Effect of tilting the loop in XY and YZ planes on transient as well as steady state behaviour of loop are also studied. Validation of simulation results against experimental and numerical results reported in the literature in terms of modified Grashof number (Grm) and Reynolds number (Re) show good agreement.
Dynamic territory: a normative framework for territory in the post-holocene

Climate change will disrupt current political, societal and economic paradigms. What should a just territorial arrangement be for countries that will partially or totally disappear due to sea level rise, or whose main productive activities—like farming—will be lost due to changed weather patterns? How to think of “locals” and “migrants” in a world where climate refugees are estimated to reach up to one billion by 2050? How should Global Systemic Resources (GSRs), like rainforests, be governed to guarantee their maintenance?
In a post-Holocene world where sea level rise, desertification, droughts, crop failure, water shortage, floods and extreme weather events will become the norm, we need normative criteria to solve conflicts of interest regarding the use of land and natural resources. DynamiTE aims to provide those criteria, developing a novel framework for territory on a global scale, reassessing the traditional rights and duties associated with it.
While current normative theories of territory (NTTs) rely on Late Holocene assumptions (stable and predictable climate, geography and demographics), DynamiTE theorizes territory amidst instability and unpredictability. While current NTTs draw their main normative assumptions from the Western liberal canon—e.g., that property rights over land and natural resources secure justice—DynamiTE questions their adequacy now and in the future.
DynamiTE conceptualizes territory and territorial agency as dynamic, with shifting boundaries and shifting memberships that reflect this new complexity. It proposes moreover a dynamic, interdisciplinary methodology that integrates environmental studies, geography and international law into political philosophy.
Examining three transversal themes (people in flux, distribution of land and resource use, and governance of GSRs), DynamiTE aims to be the first truly interdisciplinary NTT and to open a new field of research on normative questions surrounding territory in a changing world.
Errors as cost-optimizing decisions? redefining the origin and nature of human decision errors in light of associated neural computations

Making decisions, from simple perceptual judgments to complex policy-making orientations, often requires to combine multiple pieces of ambiguous or conflicting information. In such uncertain conditions, human decisions exhibit a suboptimal variability whose origin remains poorly understood. Dominant psychological theories attribute the resulting errors to imperfections at the peripheries of an otherwise optimal inference process, and consider them essentially as failures of human cognition. Instead, my research program seeks to redefine decision errors not as cognitive failures, but as cognitive compromises which optimize a trade-off between the expected accuracy of a decision and the cost associated with neural computations required to reach this accuracy. I hypothesize that human decision errors arise to a large part from the limited computational precision of probabilistic inference, and that humans adapt this precision to the cognitive demands imposed by their environment - by increasing it when it is deemed necessary or decreasing it when they can rely on 'cheaper' sources of information to decide. I propose to test this original research hypothesis using a combination of computational modeling and multimodal functional neuroimaging of human decision-making. The degree of generality of the obtained findings will be assessed by bridging research across two types of decisions historically studied separately: perceptual decisions and reward-guided decisions. I will also test the clinical relevance of the hypothesized 'accuracy-cost' trade-off for two psychiatric conditions associated with dysfunctions of decision-making under uncertainty: 1. the emergence of false beliefs in schizophrenia, and 2. the repetitive checking behavior observed in obsessive-compulsive disorders. Together, the proposed research will shed light on previously unsuspected cognitive pressures which shape virtually every human decision, and identify associated neural computations.
Revealing mechanisms of plant-soil feedback in search of trait indicators

It is increasingly recognized that plant-soil feedbacks influence the composition and functioning of natural communities and ecosystems. However, our capacity to predict the outcome of such above-belowground interactions is still hampered by poor generalization capacity. As plant traits have been used to explain patterns in both plant and soil communities, they could provide a useful approach for explaining and predicting plant-soil feedback. Here, I will use the recent advances made in plant trait research, which have greatly increased our capacity to predict the responses of natural plant communities to environmental changes, to improve our mechanistic understanding of the factors underlying plant-soil feedback strength and sign (negative, neutral and positive) under changing environmental conditions. Based on the growth versus defence trade-off hypothesis, fast-growing plant species with acquisitive traits build up negative feedback, whereas slow-growing species with conservative traits develop positive feedback with their own soil biota. The growth-defence framework is widely based on leaf spectrum economy, and it is unknown how well predictive aboveground traits are for growth strategies of plant roots belowground. With my proposed project PLECTRA, I aim to investigate how well the sign and strength of plant-soil feedback can be predicted from aboveground and belowground plant traits. This knowledge will improve our understanding of the role that plant-soil feedback plays in structuring plant communities and will, among others, be helpful to enhance restoration success of degraded ecosystems and improve management of invasive species.
Investment time horizon and multifractality of stock price process

We construct a multifractal random walk for a stock trades model with inverse power law interaction. Consider a stock in a stock market and introduce a discrete time model for pair trades [(first trade \(\rightarrow\) second (reverse) trade] transacted by various types of traders. The type of trader is characterized by the investment time horizon defined as a time difference of the pair trades. We assume that probability distributions of the investment time horizons are given by inverse power law interactions with different exponents depending on the types of traders, and define a discrete time log-volatility process of the stock. Using the method of abstract polymer expansion developed in the study of mathematical physics we obtain a continuous type log-volatility process as a scale limit, and define a log-return process from time 0 as a stochastic integral with respect to a Brownian motion. We then find a condition of the continuous cascade equation which derives a multifractality in the log-return process. Finally, we construct a multifractal random walk using the martingale convergence theorem.
METHOD FOR THE STEREOSELECTIVE PREPARATION OF A DERIVATIVE OF beta -PHENYLISOSERINE AND ITS USE IN THE PREPARATION OF TAXANE DERIVATIVES

Method of stereoselective preparation of a derivative of (beta)-phenylisoserine of formula (I) by the action of an N-carbonylbenzylimine of formula (II) on an optically active amide of a protected hydroxyacetic acid of formula (III), followed by hydrolysis of the product obtained. In formulae (I), (II) or (III), R is an optionally substituted phenyl radical or R1-O, Ar is an optionally substituted aryl radical and G1 is a hydroxy function protection grouping. The product of formula (I) is particularly useful in preparing taxol and Taxotere which have remarkable antitumor properties.
On the narratives of the joys and aporias of individuation: the approximation of youth practices in the Brazilian popular neighborhoods

Les discussions proposées dans cet article se situent dans le cadre de la sociologie de la jeunesse et narrent des pratiques juvéniles dans des quartiers populaires, en vue de les articuler analytiquement à des processus d'individuation dans des contextes quotidiennement traversés de marqueurs d'inégalité sociale. Nous cherchons ainsi à comprendre comment des jeunes participent au circuit du football et à celui de la musique funk brésilienne, en soulignant la manière dont ils font face aux défis structurels évoqués dans leurs expériences. Pour y parvenir, nous nous appuyons notamment sur les contributions de Danilo Martuccelli et recourons, sur le terrain, à l'observation ethnographique et à des entretiens narratifs complémentaires, réalisés dans deux territoires socialement vulnérables de la ville de Porto Alegre, au Brésil. À partir de nos incursions, nous considérons que les pratiques sur place engendrent des inscriptions mnémoniques de joie, au milieu d'individuations agentiques et de performances singularistes, renvoyant à la fois à l'historicité loco-interactionnelle et aux apories existentielles dans « l’épreuve de soi ».
OrysPSSP: a comparative Platform for Small Secreted Proteins from rice and other plants

Plants have large diverse families of small secreted proteins (SSPs) that play critical roles in the processes of development, differentiation, defense, flowering, stress response, symbiosis, etc. Oryza sativa is one of the major crops worldwide and an excellent model for monocotyledonous plants. However, there had not been any effort to systematically analyze rice SSPs. Here, we constructed a comparative platform, OrysPSSP (http://www.genoportal.org/PSSP/index.do), involving >100 000 SSPs from rice and 25 plant species. OrysPSSP is composed of a core SSP database and a dynamic web interface that integrates a variety of user tools and resources. The current release (v0530) of core SSP database contains a total of 101 048 predicted SSPs, which were generated through a rigid computation/curation pipeline. The web interface consists of eight different modules, providing users with rich resources/functions, e.g. browsing SSP by chromosome, searching and filtering SSP, validating SSP with omics data, comparing SSP among multiple species and querying core SSP database with BLAST. Some cases of application are discussed to demonstrate the utility of OrysPSSP. OrysPSSP serves as a comprehensive resource to explore SSP on the genome scale and across the phylogeny of plant species.
Indonesian Political Islam: Capitalist Development and the Legacies of the Cold War

This article explores the genesis of Indonesian political Islam and its interactions with the nationalist secular state in the immediate post-colonial era while examining some of the origins of the ‘radical’ stream that has garnered much attention in the current post-authoritarian period. It puts forward the idea that, rather than an outcome of Indonesian democratisation, this stream was in fact the product of authoritarian New Order rule. The article also considers some parallels in the trajectories of political Islam more generally in Indonesia, the Middle East and North Africa, especially as a kind of populist response to the tensions and contradictions of global capitalism. It addresses the city of Surakarta (Solo) as a case study and highlights the importance of Cold War politics in moulding political Islam in Indonesia and elsewhere. The approach emphasises historical and sociological factors shaping political Islam that have tended to be relegated to the background in prevalent security-oriented analyses concerned with issues of terrorism and violence.
The Highly Insidious Extreme Phishing Attacks

One of the most severe and challenging threats to Internet security is phishing, which uses spoofed websites to steal users' passwords and online identities. Phishers mainly use spoofed emails or instant messages to lure users to the phishing websites. A spoofed email or instant message provides the first-layer context to entice users to click on a phishing URL, and the phishing website further provides the second-layer context with the look and feel similar to a targeted legitimate website to lure users to submit their login credentials. In this paper, we focus on the second-layer context to explore the extreme of phishing attacks; we explore the feasibility of creating extreme phishing attacks that have the almost identical look and feel as those of the targeted legitimate websites, and evaluate the effectiveness of such phishing attacks. We design and implement a phishing toolkit that can support both the traditional phishing and the newly emergent Web Single Sign-On (SSO) phishing; our toolkit can automatically construct unlimited levels of phishing webpages in real time based on user interactions. We design and perform a user study to evaluate the effectiveness of the phishing attacks constructed from this toolkit. The user study results demonstrate that extreme phishing attacks are indeed highly effective and insidious. It is reasonable to assume that extreme phishing attacks will be widely adopted and deployed in the future, and we call for a collective effort to effectively defend against them.