SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Selective electrochemical nucleophilic fluorination

The incorporation of fluorine into organic compounds is extremely important for designing molecules with specific function. Fluorine is primed for improving the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs and agrochemicals, and is crucial for the life-changing imaging technique, Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Thus, selective fluorination is an area of significant interest in organic synthesis.

This research programme will develop a concept that promises to revolutionise fluorination chemistry. While nucleophilic fluoride (F-) sources are inexpensive and readily available, they have unfavourable reactivity compared to electrophilic fluorine sources (F+), which are typically expensive, wasteful and not suited to either large scale synthesis or PET. By transmuting F- into F+, we can get the best of both worlds! We will develop a concept based on umpolung (polarity reversal) to invent a number of novel synthetic methodologies or to expand useful reactions into new chemical space. The overall vision is to create new pathways to new bioactive molecules that are either more potent, have improved pharmacokinetics, or can be new radiochemical tracers.

Our strategy relies on the combination of catalysis and electrochemical oxidation to perform this thermodynamically demanding task. The use of electrochemistry is essential for this strategy, because it is necessary to be able to ‘dial-in’ any oxidising potential with high control. New organo- and organometallic catalysts, heterogeneous electrocatalysts and fluoride sources will be developed as part of the studies, which will be of value to the fields of fluorination, homogeneous catalysis, synthesis and energy research. Medicinal, process and radio chemists will all benefit as their toolbox of methods will expand, thereby facilitating the discovery and manufacture of drugs and chemicals that improve the quality of human life around the globe.
Introduction to the Hydrocarbon Composite Production System

Abstract Petroleum is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and other constituents that may be in the form of either natural gas or liquid depending on composition, condition of pressure and temperature, reservoir rock depth, and type. The mixture of hydrocarbons includes natural gas, crude oil, condensates, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, or sulphur. The chapter covers the different types of hydrocarbon fluids and reservoirs, introduces the key components of the composite system from reservoir through the well to topside facilities, and the importance of managing sand as well as implications on the asset integrity. It also sets the scene for the introduction of major flow assurance issues in relation to oil/gas production including subsea production systems.
Students’ Mathematics Learning from Kindergarten through 8th Grade

Students’ Mathematics Learning from Kindergarten through 8 th Grade: The Long-Term Influence of School Readiness Abstract We employed a large nationally representative data set for the U.S. elementary school students, the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study - Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K), to investigate the relationships between school readiness, measured in the fall of kindergarten, and students’ mathematics learning during the elementary and middle school years, including 8 th -grade math course-taking. Main findings : School readiness (math and reading scores, and approaches to learning) showed a strong positive relationship with math scores at the end of each tested grade (1 st , 3 rd , 5 th , and 8 th ). Students who entered kindergarten with higher math score tended to show a lower rate of math growth. Higher school readiness was strongly and positively associated with a likelihood that a student is taking Algebra I or above in 8 th grade. Findings suggest that for minority students and students from lower SES backgrounds, improved school readiness would increase their math achievement.
Privatización, servicio público y digitalización. El caso de 7 TV

Esta investigación contribuye al estudio sobre los procesos de privatización que experimentan los medios audiovisuales públicos en el actual contexto de convergencia digital. Mediante un estudio de caso de la televisión pública regional 7 TV de Murcia, que se realizó mediante una revisión documental complementada con entrevistas a expertos, se analiza si la privatización integral en la gestión de la televisión autonómica ha impulsado su desarrollo digital, permitiendo una mejora en sus acciones de transparencia y rendición de cuentas y favoreciendo la participación ciudadana en la toma de decisiones. Los resultados evidencian que, pese al conocimiento preciso de los cambios que deben acometerse ante la inminente transformación del sector audiovisual, la 7 TV se halla en una fase incipiente de cambio, anclada a un sistema de producción y distribución continuista que produce iniciativas modestas y en el que la participación ciudadana está muy limitada.
The role of plant primary and secondary metabolism in pollination

Pollination contributes to more than $200 billion of revenue, about 10% of the global agricultural production. In addition to higher yields and better quality of fruits and vegetables, pollination has evolutionary implications. Understanding the cues that attract and sustain pollinators will positively impact agriculture and our knowledge on how to preserve biodiversity. This project aims to unravel the role of plant metabolism in pollination by exploiting the genotypic variation existing among natural accessions of Arabidopsis and in combination with metabolomics and transcriptomics to identify genes that regulate the traits that plants use to attract and reward pollinators. These are fragrance, colour and nectar. Volatiles emitted from flowers of a collection of 360 Arabidopsis ecotypes will be analysed via GC-MS, and sugars, amino acids and secondary metabolites measured via HPLC and LC-MS. Genome-wide association studies will be used to correlate metabolic phenotypes and single nucleotide polymorphisms to loci that regulate pollination traits, which will be further studied to establish gene functions. Metabolites and RNA extracted at time points during flower development will be used to identify the regulatory elements of pollination-related metabolite formation. To assess the contribution of pollination traits to flower attractiveness, behavioural experiments with hoverflies will be performed. Finally, the knowledge acquired from the model plant Arabidopsis will be transferred to the oilseed crop Camelina, in which pollination efficiency will be measured as seed production. The project combines multidisciplinary approaches to expand the skills of the fellow. In turn, the fellow will bring expertise about Camelina and CRISPR to the host. At its completion, the project will provide the host institution with a large dataset of metabolic signatures for the generation and validation of new hypotheses with regard to scent, colour and nectar formation.
Science in motion for friday night commotion

SCIMFONICOM 2018-19 is a two years project organized by the Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering and Faculty of Physical Chemistry University of Belgrade. ""Begin with basic science"" (2018) and ""Aspire to applied science"" (2019) will be organised in 13 cities and 6 rural communities in Serbia, with the addition of three new cities in 2019. Several educational and cultural institutions (Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade City Library, Belgrade City Museum, French Institute, Institute Cervantes, Foundation of Ilija M. Kolarac, Regional Center for Talents, Biosense Institute, etc.) and NGO Regional Team for Science, Education and Art Support in Central Serbia have supported the project. NIGHT program will include a range of attractive activities, some of them are: Science Vans (mobile researchers’ teams in rural areas); Grand Science Adventure (interactive demos in different research fields); Treasure Hunt (win award by solving hands-on experiments); 50 shades of green (lectures and workshops regarding environment);  Open Lab (tours around the research laboratory accompanied by researchers); ExerScience (demos educating about processes underlying exercise); Science can be social (workshops representing social sciences and conservation of cultural heritage); European Corners (interactive display of EU projects in Serbia and competition ""Guess the science""). SCIMFONICOM 2018-19 is expected to continue raising public awareness about researchers and to bring researchers closer to visitors by offering new activities and locations, while obtaining greater support of cultural/educational institutions, NGO and other organisations towards RN main ideas. Project will take part in RN network (Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hungary, UK, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal), bringing the greater synergy at the regional and European level and emphasizing European character of Researchers’ Night activity.
Notai e memoria del credito: scritture e archivi dei prestatori bergamaschi (circa 1250-1350)

Il saggio studia il rapporto fra mediazione notarile e autonomia dei privati nella redazione e nella gestione archivistica delle scritture relative al credito a Bergamo, tra metà Duecento e metà Trecento, con riferimento all’amministrazione contabile dei patrimoni e alla certificazione degli obblighi reciproci. Quanto al primo aspetto l’intervento dei notai, ancora frequente nella stesura di inventari e registri contabili nella seconda metà del Duecento, fu superata, a inizio Trecento, dalla tenuta autonoma di memorialia concepiti per una lunga durata. Sul fronte della rilevanza giuridica, nonostante alcuni esperimenti compiuti in tal senso, le scritture private e i libri di conto non acquisirono invece, diversamente da altre aree del nord Italia, un valore probatorio simile a quello dell’instrumentum notarile, che rimase uno strumento imprescindibile per l’accensione e il trasferimento di rapporti creditizi.
Cultural thematic route development in rural areas

The project's main objective is the protection, thematic organisation and promotion of local cultural heritage in remote/rural/montanious/border areas in forms of regional and transnational cultural routes. This objective is intended to be reached by carrying out the following main activities: Assessment of local cultural heritage Elaboration of feasibility studies and marketing strategies on possible transnational thematic routes and on needed investments Architectural planning activities for investment (cultural heritage included in the thematic route where protection is needed, tourist access infrastructure)Implementation of marketing tools suggested by the tansnational marketing strategy.
Work function evolution of graphene oxide by utilizing hydrothermal treatment

In this paper, hydrothermal treatment is applied for graphene oxide (GO) reduction. Tunable work function of hydrothermal treated GO (HTGO) is facilitated by controlling hydrothermal temperature and duration time, in comparison, CVD grew graphene (CVD-G) are also prepared. Work function of GO is tuned in the range of 5.72 eV to 4.43 eV. Progressing descend of peak intensity at higher binding energy region for which belonging to oxygen-containing functional group (c.a. 286 eV to 290 eV) in C1s XPS spectra indicated controllable reduction of hydrothermal treatment. The X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra, indicates the increased sp2 to sp3 ratio in accordance with the raise of hydrothermal temperature, consistent with the increased conductivity with increment amount of sp2 species in HTGOs.
Effects of Pine Bark Compost on the Distribution of Cd and Pb in Organic Fractions over Time in Contaminated Soils

AbstractHeavy metal contamination in rural soils severely threatens the food chain, and consequently, human health. The addition of organic amendments to contaminated soils is considered an effective method to immobilize heavy metals. However, the sequential decomposition of soil organic matter still poses a risk, the rerelease of heavy metals, to animals and plants. This study aims to determine the amount of Cd and Pb in different organic fractions including dissolved organic matter, humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA), and residual fraction after the addition of a pine bark compost to tropical acidic soils. Four controlled samples, contaminated to 20, 40, 60, and 80  mg/kg for Cd, and 200, 400, 600, and 800  mg/kg for Pb, were used in this study. The soil samples, both with and without the pine bark compost, were incubated for 120 days for further analysis. The results of the sequential extraction of organic matter indicated that the proportions of Cd and Pb were transferred from the residual fraction int...
Qualitative Analysis of the Dynamics of a Two-Component Chiral Cosmological Model

We present a qualitative analysis of chiral cosmological model (CCM) dynamics with two scalar fields in the spatially flat Friedman–Robertson–Walker Universe. The asymptotic behavior of chiral models is investigated based on the characteristics of the critical points of the selfinteraction potential and zeros of the metric components of the chiral space. The classification of critical points of CCMs is proposed. The role of zeros of the metric components of the chiral space in the asymptotic dynamics is analysed. It is shown that such zeros lead to new critical points of the corresponding dynamical systems. Examples of models with different types of zeros of metric components are represented.
Cent ans de sous-reconnaissance des maladies professionnelles

La sous-reconnaissance des maladies liees au travail constitue aujourd'hui, en France comme dans d'autres pays industrialises, un fait social massif. Qu'il s'agisse de cancers provoques par l'exposition a des produits toxiques, de troubles musculo-squelettiques induits par des postures repetitives ou par le port de charges lourdes, ou d'atteintes psychologiques associees a certains modes de management, les effets du travail sur la sante restent un probleme insuffisamment pris en charge par les pouvoirs publics. Les dispositifs devant assurer leur reconnaissance et leur indemnisation ne fonctionnent pas de facon satisfaisante, rendant en grande partie invisibles les origines professionnelles de nombreuses maladies et deces. Cette situation n'est pas nouvelle. Elle perdure depuis le debut du 20e siecle malgre l'adoption, dans plusieurs pays occidentaux, de legislations permettant d'indemniser les pathologies engendrees par les conditions de travail. Remarquablement resistantes a l'epreuve du temps, ces lois fondatrices structurent en effet toujours aujourd'hui le soubassement legal et epistemique de la reconnaissance des maladies professionnelles, continuant a s'averer incapables de reparer correctement les maux du travail. Cet ouvrage rassemble des contributions d'historiens et de sociologues qui etudient les raisons de cette inertie, et donnent a voir les causes de la sous-reconnaissance chronique des maladies professionnelles, depuis les debats fondateurs jusqu'aux controverses contemporaines sur les degâts que le travail peut induire pour la sante physique et mentale. Ces recherches ouvrent des pistes de reflexion pour revoir les modalites de la reparation de ces degâts, et sortir de l'impasse que ceux-ci, depuis plus d'un siecle, occasionnent pour la justice sociale dans nos societes.
The research and realization of the system of the timeliness assessment of E-government web sites based on the semantic analysis

In today's Information Age, E-government has become increasingly important to government management and services. However, most E-government websites fail to maintain timeliness, which to a certain extent limits the function of the government and damages the government's image. Currently, studies on web information timeliness assessment are not yet mature with only a few experts and scholars involved in the field. Thus, how to assess the information timeliness on government websites has become a serious problem. Over recent years, Chinese segmentation has increased the efficiency of useful information access with constant technology development, which makes it possible to use semantic analysis to assess the timeliness of websites information. In this context, we propose a semantics-based assessment system to evaluate web timeliness. We will build an assessment system model to evaluate the timeliness of related news websites. Our evaluation results are highly consistent with expert assessment.
Children online: research and evidence - a knowledge base on children and youth in the digital world

The overall objective of this Coordination and Support Action (CSA) “Children Online: Research and Evidence (CORE)” is to conceptualise, implement and disseminate a comprehensive knowledge base on the impact of technological transformations on children and youth. The CORE knowledge base will provide evidence on a broad range of topics related to the impact of technological transformations on children and youth including their health, lifestyles, participation and digital citizenship, wellbeing, safety, and security as affected by ICT. It will refer to research from all EU Member States and a number of other European countries and thus consider relevant cultural, political, and media-related contexts. This knowledge base will help researchers to identify important research gaps and to make use of existing research and data. At the same time, it will help to contextualise empirical evidence by offering theoretical, methodological, and ethical reflections and guidelines.  The CORE knowledge base will also be an important focal point for policy-makers and educational actors by identifying key issues that deserve special attention, providing access to a solid data base and thus providing an important basis for policy recommendations and (policy) decision-making processes. Various stakeholder groups are actively involved in the development process in order to tailor the platform to their specific needs. All activities of the project aim to develop an innovative, dynamic and sustainable infrastructure with the CORE platform that will last beyond the duration of the CSA.
Chemistry meets quantum sensing: towards atomic architectures tailored for diamond probes

Quantum sensing is a recent, dynamically expanding field affecting many scientific and industrial disciplines, including chemistry, biochemistry, biology and medicine. I have been advancing this field by developing quantum physical principles for the detection of Nitrogen‑Vacancy (NV) spin states in diamond. In my recent collaboration with the hosting supervisor, we have demonstrated that nanodiamond particles (NDs) can act as an optical probe for redox reactions reaching unprecedented sensitivity of 10 external spins. ND probes have enormous potential for instance for intracellular localized detection, but the sensitivity is limited by short NV coherence times due to subsurface defects and unsaturated bonds. Moreover, the sensor specificity and colloidal stability in the biological liquids need to be addressed. I aim to tackle these drawbacks by developing a radically novel chemical approach to remove the unpaired electrons and by engineering ultrathin polymer coatings and linking strategies. To reach the project's complex goals, a highly interdisciplinary approach is proposed. My plan is to 1) annihilate the dangling bonds and subsurface defects by controlled surface removal using radical etching in the gas phase, 2) develop colloidally stable ND probes using ultrathin polymer coating, 3) use NV spin properties to optically detect paramagnetic ions and nucleic acids in biologically relevant conditions with unprecedented sensitivity. The proposed fellowship will allow me to look at the problematics of quantum sensors from the chemical point of view, complementing my expertise in physics. Furthermore, acquiring chemical skills by working in a leading ND surface chemistry group, will improve my prospects to become a leader in the topic of quantum biological sensing, which I want to pursue further in my home country. At the same time, I would like to bring to the host group my expertise in quantum sensing methodology that will be used in the project and beyond it.
Prediction of Peptide Fragment Ion Mass Spectra by Data Mining Techniques

Accurate prediction of peptide fragment ion mass spectra is one of the critical factors to guarantee confident peptide identification by protein sequence database search in bottom-up proteomics. In an attempt to accurately and comprehensively predict this type of mass spectra, a framework named MS(2)PBPI is proposed. MS(2)PBPI first extracts fragment ions from large-scale MS/MS spectra data sets according to the peptide fragmentation pathways and uses binary trees to divide the obtained bulky data into tens to more than 1000 regions. For each adequate region, stochastic gradient boosting tree regression model is constructed. By constructing hundreds of these models, MS(2)PBPI is able to predict MS/MS spectra for unmodified and modified peptides with reasonable accuracy. Moreover, high consistency between predicted and experimental MS/MS spectra derived from different ion trap instruments with low and high resolving power is achieved. MS(2)PBPI outperforms existing algorithms MassAnalyzer and PeptideART.
Crossing a two-way street: comparison of young and old pedestrians

Choosing a safe gap in which to cross a two-way street is a complex task and only few experiments have investigated age-specific difficulties.A total of 18 young (age 19-35), 28 younger-old (age 62-71) and 38 older-old (age 72-85 years) adults participated in a simulated street-crossing experiment in which vehicle approach speed and available time gaps were varied. The safe and controlled simulated environment allowed participants to perform a real walk across an experimental two-way street. The differences between the results for the two lanes are of particular interest to the study of visual exploration and crossing behaviors.The results showed that old participants crossed more slowly, adopted smaller safety margins, and made more decisions that led to collisions than did young participants. These difficulties were found particularly when vehicles approached in the far lane, or rapidly. Whereas young participants considered the time gaps available in both lanes to decide whether to cross the street, old participants made their decisions mainly on the basis of the gap available in the near lane while neglecting the far lane.The present results point to attentional deficits as well as physical limitations in older pedestrians. Several practical and have implications in terms of road design and pedestrian training are proposed.
Drink cooling and tap device

The appliance (1) to cool and tap e.g. party beer cans (20) has a housing for at least two cans. The can puncture has at least two tubular puncture units (2,2.1), linked to a common cooling system (10) and the tap (4). Pressure is supplied by at least two compressed gas cartridges (5.1).