SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Habitable planet finder

A notional space telescope configuration is presented that addresses issues of angular resolution, spectral bandwidth and
rejection of host star glare by means of a double dispersion architecture. The telescope resolves angle by wavelength. In
an earlier embodiment for surveys, a primary objective grating telescope architecture was shown to acquire millions of
objects in one observation cycle, one wave length at a time. The proposed HPF can detect exquisite spectral signatures
out of millions of wavelengths in albedos - one exoplanetary system at a time. Like its predecessor, the new HPF
telescope has a ribbon-shaped flat gossamer membrane primary objective that lends itself to space deployment, but the
preferred embodiment uses a holographic optical element rather than a plane grating. The HOE provides an
improvement in efficiency at select wavelength bands. The considerable length of the membrane can be in the 100 meter
class providing angular resolution sufficient to resolve planets in the habitable zone and also spectral resolution
sufficient to earmark habitability. A novel interferometric secondary spectrograph rejects host star glare. However, the
architecture cannot disambiguate multiple stellar sources and may require unprecedented focal lengths in the primary
objective to isolate one system at a time.
Comparative Reactivity of Ferric-Superoxo and Ferryl-Oxo Species in Heme and Non-Heme Complexes

Ferryl-oxo species have been recognized as a key oxidant in many heme and non-heme enzymes. Recently, less-characterized ferric-superoxo species have been found or suggested to be another electrophilic oxidant. Reactivity of several vital ferryl-oxo and ferric-superoxo model complexes was examined by DFT calculations. Reactivity is found to correlate well with thermodynamic driving force and can increase with higher electrophilicity of the oxidant. Reactivity of the ferric-superoxo oxidants generally is not "superior" to the ferryl-oxo ones. Compared to the high-spin non-heme ferric-superoxo, the lower reactivity of low-spin heme ferric-superoxo, seldom utilized in nature, can be attributed to lower electrophilicity and more pronounced quenching of anti-ferromagnetic coupling between the ferric and superoxo parts. The present comparison should shed some light on mechanistic strategies in heme and non-heme enzymes and provide clues to rational design of ferric-superoxo oxidants.
Innovation and opportunity in the evolution of life

The aim is to produce a complete evolutionary tree of tetrapods and use this to explore two core questions in macroevolution: the balance between innovation and external processes in driving the evolution of life; and, identifying the best model for morphological evolution. Biodiversity today is unbalanced, with a small number of highly successful groups, like birds and beetles, and many others of equal antiquity but with far fewer species. Why are those groups so successful – was it chance or do they have some remarkable adaptation(s)? The core of the project is to construct a complete evolutionary tree of all 30,000 living species of tetrapods (amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals) and add the 10,000 fossil species; this will generate a database of key characters, the homologies, shared by major groups. The probability of different drivers of diversification will be tested, focusing on those key, highly successful groups (e.g. lizards, birds, neornithines, passerines, rodents) that show explosive evolution to very high species diversity. The proposal goes to the roots of macroevolutionary understanding, and encompasses key questions about origins and modern biodiversity. The project is ambitious, but is possible because of advances in knowledge of relationships of all key tetrapod groups based on phylogenomic and morphological data, increasing precision of geological dating, and the availability of a range of computational methods to construct large phylogenetic trees, to assess likelihood of trees, to explore innovation and evolutionary rates and models, and Bayesian modelling techniques that can map trait data onto large trees and evaluate multiple models of drivers and bias. A unique outcome will be the chance to explore waiting time between major morphological changes, assessing distribution and magnitude, and use this information to inform the construction of a meaningful model of morphological evolution for computational phylogenetics.
Measurement of respiratory function using whole-body plethysmography in unanesthetized and unrestrained nonhuman primates

Extended term, continuous measurement and observation of drug responses were performed to examine the feasibility of a custom-made whole-body plethysmograph for measuring respiratory function in unanesthetized, unrestrained monkeys. Using this apparatus, respiratory function (respiration rate, tidal volume, and minute volume) was observed for 23 hr in unanesthetized, unrestrained cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). The respiration rate, tidal volume, and minute volume in the light period (7:00 to 19:00) reached approximately 30% to 50% higher values than in the dark period (19:00 to 7:00), thus clearly exhibiting circadian variation in the cynomolgus monkey respiratory functions. Administration of morphine (10 mg/kg, s.c.) resulted in sustained reduction in tidal volume and minute volume, and ketamine (30 mg/kg [sub-anesthetic dose], i.m.) also produced sustained reduction in respiration rate, tidal volume, and minute volume. With dimorpholamine (1 mg/kg, i.v.) or caffeine (10 mg/kg, s.c.), respiration rate, tidal volume, and minute volume increased. Physiological saline (1 ml/kg, s.c. and 0.1 ml/kg, i.v.) and chlorpromazine (10 mg/kg, s.c.) produced no clear-cut changes in respiration rate, tidal volume, or minute volume. From the above results, we conclude that our custom-made whole-body plethysmograph is useful for measuring respiratory function in unanesthetized and unrestrained monkeys.
ENACT

Location-based sharing services allow people to connect with others who are near them, or with whom they shared a past encounter. Suppose it were also possible to connect with people who were at the same location but at a different time -- we define this scenario as a close encounter, i.e., an incident of spatial and temporal proximity. By detecting close encounters, a person infected with a contagious disease could alert others to whom they may have spread the virus. We designed a smartphone-based system that allows people infected with a contagious virus to send alerts to other users who may have been exposed to the same virus due to a close encounter. We address three challenges: finding devices in close encounters with minimal changes to existing infrastructure, ensuring authenticity of alerts, and protecting privacy of all users. Finally, we also consider the challenges of a real-world deployment.
Structure of Trimeric Calcium/Proton Antiporter Protein YfkE Reveals the Mechanisms of Calcium Efflux and its pH Regulation

Ca2+ efflux by Ca2+ cation antiporter (CaCA) proteins is important to maintain Ca2+ homeostasis across the cell membrane in all kingdoms of life. CaCA proteins extrude Ca2+ out of the cells by utilizing a counter electrochemical gradient of other cations such as Na+ or H+ as energy. To understand Ca2+/cation exchange mechanism, we determined crystal structure of the Ca2+/H+ antiporter protein YfkE from Bacillus subtilis at 3.1 A resolution. YfkE forms a homotrimer confirmed by disulfide crosslinking, and each protomer contains 11 transmembrane helices. The protonated state of YfkE is locked in an inward-facing conformation with a large hydrophilic cavity in each protomer opening to the cytoplasm and ending in the middle of the membrane at the Ca2+ binding site, whereas a hydrophobic seal closes its periplasmic exit. Two highly conserved helices, TMs 2 & 7, kink toward each other, forming a X-like Ca2+ translocation pathway, which is blocked by a histidine residue at the Ca2+ binding site. Our structural and functional analyses suggest that Ca2+/H+ alternating access on each side of the membrane induces the rotation of the kink angles of TMs 2 and 7 and the transition between inward- and outward-facing conformations is mediated by large conformational changes of TMs 1 and 6. These studies not only establish structural bases for the novel mechanisms for Ca2+ efflux and its pH regulation, but also shed light on the evolutionary adaptation of different energy modes, Na+ vs. H+, in the CaCA protein family.
Nutritional epigenetic programming of gut mucosal health in first-feeding fish

The growing world population, combined with over-exploited fisheries, indicates that by the year 2030 aquaculture should provide 70% of the fish protein required for human consumption. The potential of early life programming of fish health, by diet-induced changes, could be an important step towards better health management in aquaculture and to promote the need for intensification. The aim of Reprogram is to epigenetically program fish health during the critical early life window to maintain broad immune competence. Evidence suggests that the effect of certain nutrients on the intestinal microbiota can induce epigenetic reprogramming of innate immune cells with long-term positive effects on health. Early epigenetic nutritional programming by butyrate, will be evaluated in first-feeding stages of Nile tilapia, exploring the potential of this dietary additive to enhance gut mucosal health in a fish species important to aquaculture. The project will integrate research methodology relevant to several disciplines including fish immunology, nutrition and microbiology and employ advanced biological approaches such as a germ-free system, to assess dietary effects on the gut microbiome. Reprogram will familiarise the candidate with state-of-the-art genomic approaches, for transcriptome and epigenome by next-generation sequencing nanopore and chromatin immunoprecipitation technology, and with effects on the fish immune system. Hosting, by both a world-class university and at one of the world’s first certified sequencing providers of Oxford Nanopore Technologies (secondment), will increase the potential of the researcher to reach professional maturity during the fellowship. Dissemination of the project results to a wide audience, including a non-profit organisation relevant to worldwide aquaculture, will complement the already excellent career path of the candidate and facilitate her acquisition of a stable research position in Europe.
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in the Norepinephrine Nucleus, Locus Coeruleus, Facilitates Behavioral Flexibility

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), the stress-related neuropeptide, acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain norepinephrine nucleus, locus coeruleus (LC), to activate this system during stress. CRF shifts the mode of LC discharge from a phasic to a high tonic state that is thought to promote behavioral flexibility. To investigate this, the effects of CRF administered either intracerebroventricularly (30-300 ng, i.c.v.) or directly into the LC (intra-LC; 2-20 ng) were examined in a rat model of attentional set shifting. CRF differentially affected components of the task depending on dose and route of administration. Intracerebroventricular CRF impaired intradimensional set shifting, reversal learning, and extradimensional set shifting (EDS) at different doses. In contrast, intra-LC CRF did not impair any aspect of the task. The highest dose of CRF (20 ng) facilitated reversal learning and the lowest dose (2 ng) improved EDS. The dose-response relationship for CRF on EDS performance resembled an inverted U-shaped curve with the highest dose having no effect. Intra-LC CRF also elicited c-fos expression in prefrontal cortical neurons with an inverted U-shaped dose-response relationship. The number of c-fos profiles was positively correlated with EDS performance. Given that CRF excites LC neurons, the ability of intra-LC CRF to activate prefrontal cortical neurons and facilitate EDS is consistent with findings implicating LC-norepinephrine projections to medial prefrontal cortex in this process. Importantly, the results suggest that CRF release in the LC during stress facilitates shifting of attention between diverse stimuli in a dynamic environment so that the organism can adapt an optimal strategy for coping with the challenge.
Meeting nutritional requirements of the community in disaster: A guide to policy-makers

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the importance of nutrition in a disaster and to explore the different interventions by which nutrition of people can be maintained. Materials and Methods: An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was made using library sources including PubMed, Medline and World Health Organization. Keywords used in the search include disaster, nutrition, micronutrients, and public health. Results: The nutritional status of an individual is one of the key determinants for the growth, development and survival of an individual. In some of the special circumstances (viz., natural/man-made disaster), nutrition assumes significant importance as the required resources may be different and limited. In absence of timely implementation of the preventive measures, significant rise in the incidence of malnutrition, all forms of vitamin and micronutrient deficiency, low birth weight, infectious disease, adoption of anti-nutritional measures, and mortality has been observed. Conclusion: The nutrition during a disaster situation is not merely providing a feed, but it involves anticipating, preparing and training for disaster beforehand; assessing the disaster situation in terms of impact, demography and resources; making an immaculate plan; implementing the plan and learn from the mistakes.
Design of emotional Intelligent Tutor System based on HMM

Successful ITS (Intelligent Tutor System) design depends on a large number of factors. This paper focuses on emotional interaction in ITS. An artificial emotional model based on HMM(Hidden Markov Model) is proposed. In this model, the teacher's mood and emotion is created in the form of probability, as well as, the recognition results of students' facial expression are regarded as the actuating signal of the artificial emotional model. Teacher's affection is considered as a two-layer random signal, which is able to establish the emotional model of various character traits by adjusting the initial parameters. In addition, the learning evaluation model based on Bayes network is adopted to test the student's cognitive ability. In summary, the emotional ITS based on HMM enables to achieve the emotional interaction in the procedure of the cognition.
Techniques of marine depollution and environmental prevention

This project intends to train a new and experimental professional figure, possessing specific skills in the prevention and fight against pollution in the cross-border area of the Upper Adriatic. Specifically, this professional figure will be able to train and coordinate personnel in polluting emergencies, to set up specific Action Plans in coordination with the Maritime and Port Authorities, and to monitor on-board the loading and unloading of chemicals and oil products, putting in place preventive measures and actions in case of pollution, in compliance with national and port regulations in force. The expertise to be acquired is both technical and relational, particularly in terms of action protocols in case of marine pollution, communication aboard ships and between ships and the outside, explosive mixtures and polluting chemicals. Moreover he/she will be familiar with the ecosystem and the harmful effects of pollutants, ISM international regulations on oil pollution and will be able to implement action plans drawn up at national and international level to fight pollution, by coordinating depollution operators. This professional figure can be employed by the companies operating in this field. On board, as a member of the Commission envisaged by the ISM Code, he/she selects a team and the means for swift interventions so as to prevent the spreading of the pollutant. Lastly he/she may also work as an external consultant for refineries, oil pipelines, or chemical terminals and set up the relevant action plans and train a task force team.
Activation of Triphenylphosphine Oxide Mediated by Trivalent Organouranium Species

Treating a family of uranium benzyl compounds, Tp*2U(CH2Ph) (1-Bn), Tp*2U(CH2-para-iPrPh) (1-iPr), Tp*2U(CH2-para-tBuPh) (1-tBu), or Tp*2U(CH2-meta-OMePh) (1-OMe), which are supported by two hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate (Tp*) ligands, with a single equivalent of triphenylphosphine oxide (OPPh3) causes a unique carbon–carbon coupling to occur. The products of this reaction, Tp*2U[OP(C6H5)2(C6H5CH2C6H5)] (2-Ph), Tp*2U[OP(C6H5)2(C6H5CH2-p-iPrC6H4)] (2-iPr), Tp*2U[OP(C6H5)2(C6H5CH2-p-tBuC6H4)] (2-tBu), and Tp*2U[OP(C6H5)2(C6H5CH2-m-OCH3C6H4)] (2-OMe), are characterized by coupling between the benzyl substituent and the para-carbon of one of the phenyl groups of OPPh3. To probe the scope of this unusual reactivity, 1-Bn was treated with different tris(aryl)phosphine oxides, including tris(p-tolyl)phosphine oxide, which yields Tp*2U[OP(p-tolyl)2(C6H4(CH3)CH2C6H5)] (3-tolyl). All compounds were characterized by multinuclear NMR, vibrational, and electronic absorption spectroscopies. When possible, X-ra...
Os ataques em curso contra a Rede Federal de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica

Neste artigo, analisamos como as reformas educacionais dos governos Temer e Bolsonaro que, em linha de continuidade e de aprofundamento, se orientam por princípios de caráter neoconservadores e ultra neoliberais, constituem-se em ameaça ao espaço público com desdobramentos de ataque à Rede Federal de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (RFEPCT). Com base no delineamento do desenvolvimento histórico dos modelos de ensino profissional no Brasil, identificamos uma lógica em relação às medidas que operam na perspectiva do esgarçamento curricular da educação profissional e do ensino médio ofertado na RFEPCT e que se articulam em um duplo movimento de esvaziamento do financiamento da educação e de sua mercantilização, para fazer a formação para mercado e o mercado da educação.
Piecewise constant policy approximations to Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equations

An advantageous feature of piecewise constant policy timestepping for Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equations is that different linear approximation schemes, and indeed different meshes, can be used for the resulting linear equations for different control parameters. Standard convergence analysis suggests that monotone (i.e., linear) interpolation must be used to transfer data between meshes. Using the equivalence to a switching system and an adaptation of the usual arguments based on consistency, stability and monotonicity, we show that if limited, potentially higher order interpolation is used for the mesh transfer, convergence is guaranteed. We provide numerical tests for the mean-variance optimal investment problem and the uncertain volatility option pricing model, and compare the results to published test cases.
Glottal gap as an early predictor for permanent laryngoplasty in unilateral vocal fold paralysis

To assess the possible predictive factors for permanent laryngoplasty (PL) in patients with acute unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP), and to assess the effects of early vocal cord hyaluronic acid injection.Prospective cohort study.Patients diagnosed with UVFP within the previous 6 months were enrolled. Initial and follow-up videolaryngostroboscopy, voice laboratory analysis, laryngeal electromyography, and Voice Outcome Survey were performed.Fifty newly diagnosed UVFP patients were recruited. Eight were excluded after 12 months of follow-up and data for 42 patients were analyzed. In patients treated conservatively, the glottal gap was measured on presentation. Normalized glottal gap area (NGGA) was the only predictor of PL (P = 0.036) according to multivariate logistic regression analysis. A cutoff value of 7.36 resulted in sensitivity of 85.7% and specificity of 80.0% for predicting future PL. The PL rate was significantly higher in patients with an initial NGGA > 7.36 compared with ≤ 7.36. (6/9 vs. 1/13; χ(2) = 6.71; P = 0.010). Among patients with an initial NGGA > 7.36, those who accepted early hyaluronic acid injection had a significantly lower rate of PL (1/11 vs. 6/9; χ(2) = 7.21; P = 0.007) and better social and emotional role functioning at follow-up.The glottal gap on presentation is a robust early predictor of PL. Early, office-based hyaluronic acid intracordal injection can reduce the need for PL in patients with a large NGGA.
No evidence of increasingHaemophilus influenzaenon-b infection in Australian Aboriginal children

High, or increasing, rates of invasive Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) type a disease have been reported from North American native children from circumpolar regions, raising the question of serotype replacement being driven by vaccination against Hi type b (Hib). Indigenous Australians from remote areas had high rates of invasive Hib disease in the past, comparable to those in North American Indigenous populations.Evaluate incidence rates of invasive Hi (overall and by serotype) in Indigenous Australian children over time.Descriptive study of Hi incidence rates by serotype, in the Northern Territory (NT) and South Australia (SA) from 2001 to 2011. Comparison of NT data with a study that was conducted in the NT in 1985-1988, before Hib vaccine was introduced.The average annual rate of invasive Hi type a (Hia) disease in Indigenous children aged < 5 years was 11/100,000 population. Although the incidence of Hi infection in Indigenous children in 2001-2003 was lower than during 2004-2011, this may be due to changes in surveillance. No other trend over time in individual serotypes or total invasive Hi disease, in Indigenous or non-Indigenous people, was identified. Compared to 1985-1988, rates in 2001-2011 were lower in all serotype groupings, by 98% for Hib, 75% for Hia, 79% for other serotypes and 67% for non-typeable Hi.There is no evidence of increases in invasive disease due to Hia, other specific non-b types, or non-typeable Hi in Australian Indigenous children. These data suggest that the increase in Hia some time after the introduction of Hib vaccine, as seen in the North American Arctic Region, is not common to all populations with high pre-vaccine rates of invasive Hib disease. However, small case numbers and the lack of molecular subtyping and PCR confirmation of pre-vaccine results complicate comparisons with North American epidemiology.
Role of Frozen Section in Intraoperative Assessment of Ovarian Masses: a Tertiary Oncology Center Experience.

Surgical management of ovarian lesions vary considerably depending on the nature of the lesion. As the preoperative imaging and serum tumor marker levels are of limited value in the proper categorization of ovarian lesions, intraoperative pathological assessment is commonly requested for a primary diagnosis. Aim of the study is to assess the accuracy of the frozen section in the diagnosis of ovarian masses in our center and to analyze the causes of diagnostic discrepancies. In this retrospective study, frozen section diagnosis of 233 cases of ovarian masses was compared with the permanent section diagnosis. The overall accuracy of frozen section was 91.85 %. The sensitivity of frozen section diagnosis for benign, borderline and malignant tumors was 99.2, 88.46 and 82.95 % respectively. The corresponding specificity was 96.5, 93.23 and 99.3 %. There were 19 discordant cases including 18 false negative cases and one false positive case. Frozen section is an important diagnostic tool to determine the nature of ovarian masses. Careful macroscopic examination, evaluation of multiple sections along with clinical and radiological findings helps to reduce false positive and false negative results. Frozen section examination has limitations especially in cases of borderline tumors. This modality is most effective when the pathologist and surgeon are aware of the advantages and limitations.