SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Uma Análise do Acordo de Salvaguardas Tecnológicas entre Brasil e EUA por meio do Jogo de Dois Níveis:

O Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara (CLA) foi criado visando a ampliação da capacidade de lançamentos de satélites para o aprimoramento da indústria espacial no Brasil. Desde sua criação discute-se sobre a abertura comercial para lançamentos de outros países, o que seria possível a partir do Acordo de Salvaguardas Tecnológicas entre Brasil e Estados Unidos (AST). A negociação do Acordo de Alcântara se deu, inicialmente, durante a presidência de Fernando Henrique Cardoso e resultou em seu veto. Posteriormente, durante o governo de Michel Temer, as negociações foram retomadas e se estenderam ao governo de Jair Bolsonaro, momento em que ocorreu a tramitação para aprovação e ratificação do AST nas duas casas do Congresso. A partir da aplicação da abordagem dos Jogos de Dois Níveis, de Robert Putnam, este artigo busca entender quais fatores conjunturais ajudam a compreender o sucesso do AST no governo Bolsonaro e seu veto no governo Cardoso, analisando as mudanças nos níveis doméstico e internacional. Para tanto, o artigo utiliza-se do método de procedimento comparativo, por meio do qual são analisados os processos de negociação e tramitação do AST em ambos governos, observando as mudanças que influenciaram as diferentes tomadas de decisão.
Little Big Models. The Tools of Japanese Architect Studios

Description Nowadays we are seeing the fall of drawing as architecture´s main tool. Drawing, which is so necessary and important in our profession as architects since the origins of architecture, is disappearing with the advance of technology. Focus The new ways of working in all architect studios with the advance of computer software, are leaving drawing out. Programming courses and computer drawing are more important in architectural teaching than drawing subjects. The old drawing instruments like rotring and the compass are now kept in glass windows by collectors. Models are the only tools that have remained with architects since the beginning of their profession. Models were used to convince the principal party and to explain the project to costumers that didn´t understand layout drawings and perspectives. Nowadays, architects present their studios showing rooms full of manual models. Objectives The main objective of this communication is to show that three-dimensional representation through physical models has been and still is, the most important tool in Architecture. Models are the link between old and modern architecture. That is why we are going to study the way they work in Japanese studios of architecture, where physical models are their main system of working from the initial stages of the project.
Charge transport in intermediate-sized molecules on attosecond time scales

The CHARISMA project will investigate ultrafast charge transport induced by photoionization in intermediate-sized molecules. Charge migration is mediated purely by electronic dynamics on time scales down to hundreds of attoseconds. The subsequent interplay with nuclear dynamics on the femtosecond time scale can lead to charge transfer and localization. These ultrafast mechanisms play important roles in the interaction of ionizing radiation with biologically-relevant molecules, in molecular electronics, and also in astrochemistry. To gain fundamental insights into ultrafast charge transport it is necessary to study it in smaller molecules that are more tractable for experimental and theoretical methods. Such studies hold the promise to direct charge migration for controlling chemical reactivity, which would impact many chemical disciplines. Numerous theoretical studies have already addressed charge migration, but only recently advances in high-harmonic generation (HHG) sources, providing intense, ultrashort XUV pulses have made ‘real time’ experiments possible. It is therefore timely to study ultrafast charge transport in intermediate-sized molecules. These results will stimulate ongoing technical developments to extend the techniques to complex molecules of practical relevance in the near future. In pursuing this goal, CHARISMA relies also on coincidence experiments using synchrotron radiation to facilitate the challenging choices of meaningful experimental observables for the time-resolved studies. The researcher’s large experience in molecular photoionization using a variety of advanced light sources will be extended in this project, for which the state-of-the-art ultrafast lasers at Politecnico di Milano provide the perfect environment. CHARISMA integrates perfectly into the vibrant community of attosecond science in Europe and will demonstrate the synergy of synchrotron and HHG radiation in the pursuit of molecular control through ultrafast charge migration.
Head drive device, thermal printer, and method of controlling a head drive device

A head drive device includes a thermal head, a capacitor, a control circuit and a drive circuit. The thermal head has a first group of heat generators and a second group of heat generators having a smaller number of heat generators than the first group. The control circuit selects, based on printing data, whether to perform printing with use of the first group or to perform printing with use of the second group. The drive circuit supplies power of a power source and the power stored in the capacitor to the thermal head when the first group is used, and supplies the power of the power source to the thermal head when the second group is used. The control circuit performs printing with use the first or second group based on the storage state of the capacitor.
Low-energy general relativity with torsion: A systematic derivative expansion

We attempt to build systematically the low-energy effective Lagrangian for the Einstein--Cartan formulation of gravity theory that generally includes the torsion field. We list all invariant action terms in certain given order; some of the invariants are new. We show that in the leading order the fermion action with torsion possesses additional U(1)_L x U(1)_R gauge symmetry, with 4+4 components of the torsion (out of the general 24) playing the role of Abelian gauge bosons. The bosonic action quadratic in torsion gives masses to those gauge bosons. Integrating out torsion one obtains a point-like 4-fermion action of a general form containing vector-vector, axial-vector and axial-axial interactions. We present a quantum field-theoretic method to average the 4-fermion interaction over the fermion medium, and perform the explicit averaging for free fermions with given chemical potential and temperature. The result is different from that following from the "spin fluid" approach used previously. On the whole, we arrive to rather pessimistic conclusions on the possibility to observe effects of the torsion-induced 4-fermion interaction, although under certain circumstances it may have cosmological consequences.
Robust design of optimal solvents for chemical reactions—A combined experimental and computational strategy

Abstract Solvents can have significant effects on chemical reactions, however, their huge number makes the selection very difficult and costly. This work presents a systematic method for the design of reaction solvents. Kinetic models are built by correlating experimentally determined reaction rate constants in a small set of known solvents with corresponding solvent theoretical descriptors determined from quantum chemical calculations. Optimal solvents are then identified from the solution of an optimization-based molecular design problem. Besides the deterministic optimization, a robust solvent design framework is proposed to identify solvents that possess the best reaction performance under model uncertainties. The methodology is exemplified for a competitive Diels–Alder reaction with the objective of maximizing the production of the desired product relative to that of the byproduct. Compared to the best experimentally identified solvent, a 10.9% improvement in reaction performance can be achieved with our designed solvent. It is proven that the proposed method is an efficient tool for fast identification of high-performance solvents for chemical reactions. Moreover, it potentially promotes the development of new solvents.
Solar facilities for the european research area - third phase

The overall objective of this project is to carry on with the work done during the past 8 years for the sustainability of the activities of the European advance solar laboratories involved in SFERA and SFERA 2nd phase, and extend these activities to the new solar laboratories which will bring added value to this European Research Infrastructure for Concentrating Solar Power. The specific goal is to contribute to ensure the long-term sustainability of these European advance solar laboratories, supporting Europe as a global leader in solar research infrastructures.
Those activities will include (i) networking activities to further develop the cooperation between the research infrastructures, the scientific community, industries and other stakeholders; (ii) transnational access activities aiming at providing access to all European researchers from both academia and industry to singular scientific and technological solar research infrastructures; and (iii) joint research activities whose sole purpose is to improve the integrated services provided by the infrastructure.
All this would contribute to achieve the scientific excellence of these research infrastructures (RIs), strength the interaction between the Concentrating Solar Thermal (CST) industry and these RIs, strength innovation further, develop new activities, and also drive the productivity and competitiveness of the European economy contributing to the creation of new jobs in the CST sector. Furthermore, these activities will contribute to the development of new common standards that will support the CST industry in the development of new components and systems and in the building of new commercial installations. At the same time, these standards will also support the European Commission in the development of the European policy for the CST sector.
Alternative oilseeds for Northeastern Brazil: unrevealed potential of Brazilian biodiversity

As of 2014, Brazilian legislation requires the share of diesel substituted by biodiesel to be raised from 5 to 7 %. However, throughout the last years, Northeastern Brazil has only been able to supply roughly 50 % of what was legally required. There seems to be no perspective to increase this proportion without developing new oilseeds adapted to the regions’ diverse edapho-climatic conditions. The vast majority of it’s over 10,000 angiosperms has never been analysed for their potential as alternative oilseeds and none is being used. In the present study, we surveyed available databases to uncover genera with high absolute or relative numbers of species rich in seed oil that occur in Northeastern Brazil. This strategic selection was used to reveal species with high seed oil content. Five per cent of the angiosperm biodiversity turned out to have an elevated probability to be rich in seed oil. This set of 589 species was grouped according to the probability of finding seeds rich in oil, as well as growth habit and phytogeographic domain. In six examples of hitherto unstudied species from different genera, domains and habits, the accuracy of the prediction was confirmed. An evaluation of the published fatty acid profile of 58 species native to the region allowed to detect distinct patterns for quick evaluation of the compatibility of a vegetable oil with US and European biodiesel standards. Hence, the results of this research offer an excellent basis for developing well adapted, high yielding alternative oilseeds from the native flora for sustainable biodiesel production in Northeastern Brazil.
Research on effectiveness of coal mine safety supervision system reform on three types of collieries in China

Coal mine safety supervision system plays an important role in the coal mine safety management in China. However, the current supervision system is established on the basis of learning the advanced experience from other developed countries. It needs to be further improved according to national conditions. Therefore, the effectiveness of coal mine safety supervision system reform on three types of collieries are assessed by using time series analysis method based on comparative analysis of the supervision system before and after the reform in this paper. The regression results show that the structural reform is not conductive to the improvement of coal mine safety situation in the short term, but conductive significantly in the long term. Specifically, the effects in township coal mines are more significant than state-owned key coal mines in the long run, but negative effects also exist in the short term. The negative effects in state-owned key coal mines are non-significant compared with township coal mines. Moreover, the regression results are analyzed from the aspects of the closure policy of illegal small township coal mines at the end of 1998 and shortage of the new supervision system. Finally, the suggestions on improving the new supervision system are put forward based on the above analysis.
A Comparative Study of Trichloroethylene (TCE) Degradation in Contaminated Groundwater (GW) and TCE-Spiked Deionised Water Using Zero Valent Iron (ZVI) Under Various Mass Transport Conditions

The work reported here demonstrates that zero valent iron (ZVI), a material used in permeable reactive barriers, yields degradation rate constants for trichloroethylene (TCE) that are considerably different depending on whether they are determined in deionised water or in groundwater. Batch studies using ZVI and TCE-spiked deionised (DI) water and TCE-contaminated groundwater revealed that within 50 h, 80 % of the TCE present in groundwater was mineralised, compared to TCE-spiked deionised water in which only 50 % of TCE was demineralised by ZVI in 50 h. In both TCE-spiked groundwater and DI water, cis-dichloroethylene was the major by-product, and it was reduced together with TCE after 96 h of treatment. Along with changes in concentrations of TCE and its metabolites, increased levels of chloride confirmed TCE degradation. TCE-spiked groundwater gave a higher rate constant (k) under similar conditions. The elevated chloride (830 mg/l) concentrations of the groundwater could be a possible reason for this higher rate constant, in spite of the fact that groundwater also contains higher inorganic carbon (132 mg/l) and calcium (26 mg/l) and has a pH of 7.9. The rate constant (0.017–0.03223 h−1) and half-life of TCE (21.5 to 40 h) are within the reported ranges in the literature. The implications of the results for the performance of ZVI in permeable reactive barriers are that not only groundwater chemistry, but also groundwater flow conditions, plays a key role in TCE degradation.
Managing forage fisheries and marine predators to maximise conservation gains

Global fisheries catch ~100 million tonnes annually and this is set to increase. This harvest is driving extinctions and altering marine ecosystems. Fisheries targeting forage fish (small, schooling fish) have the capacity to alter prey availability for marine predators, but whether this is the case or not is hotly debated. Progress in understanding this issue has been hampered by a lack of experiments and studies across marine predator age--classes. Without these elements we cannot understand fully the ecological impacts of forage fisheries, so cannot sustainably manage these vital stocks. By collecting fisheries, fish, and seabird data across key age- classes, and combining and combining novel experimental manipulations (time-area fisheries closures and dispersal experiments) with state--of--the--art statistical modelling, this project will establish the true impact of forage fish extraction on predator populations. Crucially, fisheries effects will be expressed as biologically--meaningful impacts on the components of demography, allowing for intuitive comparisons of the relative merit of MPAs vs stock--based catch limits designed to conserve threatened marine predators. The results will be fed directly into policy in South Africa, will inform the sustainable management of the fisheries that catch one third of all global landings and have important implications for efforts to support healthy marine ecosystems, a central tenet of the Common Fisheries Policy. The current skill set of the experienced researcher, along with newly acquired skills gained under world-class supervisors at the host organisations, will make this timely research possible. The project will facilitate new collaborations, cement a long-term relationship between the host institutions and allow the experienced researcher to meet his career goal of undertaking research that contributes to EU and global policy on sustainable fisheries.
Scattering and absorbing aerosols in the climate system

Tropospheric anthropogenic aerosols contribute the second-largest forcing to climate change, but with high uncertainty owing to their spatio-temporal variability and complicated optical properties. In this Review, we synthesize understanding of aerosol observations and their radiative and climate effects. Aerosols offset about one-third of the warming effect by anthropogenic greenhouse gases. Yet, in regions and seasons where the absorbing aerosol fraction is high — such as South America and East and South Asia — substantial atmospheric warming can occur. The internal mixing and the vertical distribution of aerosols, which alters both the direct effect and aerosol–cloud interactions, might further enhance this warming. Despite extensive research in aerosol–cloud interactions, there is still at least a 50% spread in total aerosol forcing estimates. This ongoing uncertainty is linked, in part, to the poor measurement of anthropogenic and natural aerosol absorption, as well as the little-understood effects of aerosols on clouds. Next-generation, space-borne, multi-angle polarization and active remote sensing, combined with in situ observations, offer opportunities to better constrain aerosol scattering, absorption and size distribution, thus, improving models to refine estimates of aerosol forcing and climate effects. Atmospheric aerosols alter Earth’s radiation balance and serve as cloud condensation nuclei, but their climate forcing potential is poorly understood. This Review describes the occurrence of aerosols in the atmosphere, assesses the known impact on climate and proposes approaches to further constrain their climate effects.
CUTTING DEVICE FOR FLEXIBLE MATERIAL

The invention relates to a cutting device for flexible material, comprising a blade (1), in which either the blade (1) can move in relation to a sheet of flexible material (4) or the sheet of flexible material (4) can move in relation to the blade (1). The device is characterised in that the blade (1) is associated with a plurality of independent flexible bristles (2) which press and stabilise the flexible material vertically and/or horizontally against a base (5) supporting the flexible material to be cut. The device can be used to apply constant and well-distributed pressure on the flexible material in the cutting zone, preventing the material from creasing and securing same in an optimal manner in relation to the blade, thereby facilitating cutting.
Crystal nucleation and dendrite growth of metastable phases in undercooled melts

▶ Homogenous nucleation. ▶ Effects of convection on dendrite growth kinetics. ▶ Description of disorder trapping validated by experiment. An undercooled melt possesses an enhanced free enthalpy that opens up the possibility to crystallize metastable crystalline solids in competition with their stable counterparts. Crystal nucleation selects the crystallographic phase whereas the growth dynamics controls microstructure evolution. We apply containerless processing techniques such as electromagnetic and electrostatic levitation to containerlesss undercool and solidify metallic melts. Owing to the complete avoidance of heterogeneous nucleation on container-walls a large undercooling range becomes accessible with the extra benefit that the freely suspended drop is direct accessible for in situ observation of crystallization far away from equilibrium. Results of investigations of maximum undercoolability on pure zirconium are presented showing the limit of maximum undercoolability set by the onset of homogeneous nucleation. Rapid dendrite growth is measured as a function of undercooling by a high-speed camera and analysed within extended theories of non-equilibrium solidification. In such both supersaturated solid solutions and disordered superlattice structure of intermetallics are formed at high growth velocities. A sharp interface theory of dendrite growth is capable to describe the non-equilibrium solidification phenomena during rapid crystallization of deeply undercooled melts. Eventually, anomalous growth behaviour of Al-rich Al–Ni alloys is presented, which may be caused by forced convection.
La disonancia genérica en la comedia palatina temprana. El ejemplo de «Laura perseguida» (1594)

Laura perseguida es considerada generalmente como una comedia palaciega, pero la mezcla de características cómicas y trágicas hace difícil su definición precisa. Este artículo trata de medir en primer lugar hasta qué punto se realiza la mezcla tragicómica. Luego, en la medida en que Laura perseguida, una de las primeras comedias de Lope de Vega que se conservan, fue escrita antes de la difusión de la Poética en España, se propone una lectura no aristotélica de esta comedia. Concebida como soporte de una futura representación, Laura perseguida, como muchas otras palatinas tempranas, otorga al actor un lugar central, y puede compararse a una partitura operística que permite destacar el virtuosismo técnico de los actores.
Universal multi-purpose automated glass jar filler for the fruit and vegetable processing industry

Fruit and Vegetable Processing Companies process products that are varied in shape, size and ease to fill into a jar. Therefore, companies use filling lines with human assists that handle the products by hand to press them into the jars- this is a necessary but unhygienic procedure. Moreover, at least 20% of the product falls on the floor and there is an extended risk of jars breaking due to vibrations emitted by the vibrating plate on the filling machine. There are also very high occurrences of product changes due to the mismatched capacity between the filling lines and human assists.
There is need for a jar filling solution that is capable of handling the different types of products processed within a fruit and vegetable processing company. The solution has to upgrade from the semi-automated filling lines minimising direct human contact with the products that are common within these processing companies. As ZACMI a recognised global market leader in filling and seaming for the Food and Beverage Industry, we are developing a prototype for a fully automated rotating jar filling and tampering solution, called MP-Filler. Our solution is able to individually fill jars with most types of products typically found in a fruit and vegetables processing company. MP-Filler will enable the users to achieve 50% faster product filling per unit time, cut product loss due to falls onto the floor to <2% and achieve annual operational cost savings of €180,000.To bring our innovation to the market, we are conducting a feasibility study focused on optimising the design for easier integration and customisation into existing processing facilities, updating our IP strategy, layout the field testing and validation plan as well as preparing a project execution plan for Phase 2. As a result, ZACMI will generate a cumulative turnover and profit of €22.18-million and €6.65-million respectively, achieve a ROI of € 2.33 per Euro invested and our staff will increase by 11 new members.