SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Health-Related Resource-Use Measurement Instruments for Intersectoral Costs and Benefits in the Education and Criminal Justice Sectors

Intersectoral costs and benefits (ICBs), i.e. costs and benefits of healthcare interventions outside the healthcare sector, can be a crucial component in economic evaluations from the societal perspective. Pivotal to their estimation is the existence of sound resource-use measurement (RUM) instruments; however, RUM instruments for ICBs in the education or criminal justice sectors have not yet been systematically collated or their psychometric quality assessed. This review aims to fill this gap.To identify relevant instruments, the Database of Instruments for Resource Use Measurement (DIRUM) was searched. Additionally, a systematic literature review was conducted in seven electronic databases to detect instruments containing ICB items used in economic evaluations. Finally, studies evaluating the psychometric quality of these instruments were searched.Twenty-six unique instruments were included. Most frequently, ICB items measured school absenteeism, tutoring, classroom assistance or contacts with legal representatives, police custody/prison detainment and court appearances, with the highest number of items listed in the Client Service Receipt Inventory/Client Sociodemographic and Service Receipt Inventory/Client Service Receipt Inventory-Children's Version (CSRI/CSSRI/CSRI-C), Studying the Scope of Parental Expenditures (SCOPE) and Self-Harm Intervention, Family Therapy (SHIFT) instruments. ICBs in the education sector were especially relevant for age-related developmental disorders and chronic diseases, while criminal justice resource use seems more important in mental health, including alcohol-related disorders or substance abuse. Evidence on the validity or reliability of ICB items was published for two instruments only.With a heterogeneous variety of ICBs found to be relevant for several disease areas but many ICB instruments applied in one study only (21/26 instruments), setting-up an international task force to, for example, develop an internationally adaptable instrument is recommended.
Safeguarding equality in the european algorithmic society: tackling discrimination in algorithmic profiling through eu equality law

As the number and reach of artificial intelligence (AI) applications are rapidly growing, empirical evidence and global awareness about the structural and systemic risks of discrimination (‘algorithmic bias’) linked to these technologies have increased over the past years. One AI technology has attracted particular attention: based on data mining, algorithmic profiling uses big data to target citizens based on their preferences, behaviors, but also social membership and status. In so doing, algorithms externally and autonomously ascribe profiles to citizens based on fragments of data. The algorithms freeze citizens’ identities and exacerbate their differences, thus shaping their reality by affecting the distribution of goods, services, and opportunities available. The PROFILE project address two key issues related to AI: 1) algorithmic profiling increases risks of inequality and discrimination and, 2) algorithmic data-based discrimination takes on different forms than human discrimination, thus casting doubt on the adequateness of existing legal remedies. These issues forms the base for PROFILE’s core research question: Is the legal framework for equality protection in the European Union (EU) adapted to and capable of tackling algorithmic discrimination? I will address the problem of algorithmic discrimination through three central inquiries:  1) How does algorithmic discrimination differ from human discrimination?  2) How do these new forms of technology-driven discrimination disrupt and challenge the anti-discrimination legal framework in place in EU?  3) What regulatory solutions can be proposed within and outside EU anti-discrimination law in order to efficiently remedy algorithmic discrimination?  My ambition is both to advance legal research on AI and human rights and to concretely inform societal and policy responses to the challenge of AI regulation. The proposed project is highly topical in the light of the rapid development and use of AI applications.
Identification of Novel Inhibitors of <i>M. tuberculosis</i> Growth Using Whole Cell Based High-Throughput Screening

Despite the urgent need for new antitubercular drugs, few are on the horizon. To combat the problem of emerging drug resistance, structurally unique chemical entities that inhibit new targets will be required. Here we describe our investigations using whole cell screening of a diverse collection of small molecules as a methodology for identifying novel inhibitors that target new pathways for Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug discovery. We find that conducting primary screens using model mycobacterial species may limit the potential for identifying new inhibitors with efficacy against M. tuberculosis. In addition, we confirm the importance of developing in vitro assay conditions that are reflective of in vivo biology for maximizing the proportion of hits from whole cell screening that are likely to have activity in vivo. Finally, we describe the identification and characterization of two novel inhibitors that target steps in M. tuberculosis cell wall biosynthesis. The first is a novel benzimidazole that targets mycobacterial membrane protein large 3 (MmpL3), a proposed transporter for cell wall mycolic acids. The second is a nitro-triazole that inhibits decaprenylphosphoryl-β-D-ribose 2'-epimerase (DprE1), an epimerase required for cell wall biosynthesis. These proteins are both among the small number of new targets that have been identified by forward chemical genetics using resistance generation coupled with genome sequencing. This suggests that methodologies currently employed for screening and target identification may lead to a bias in target discovery and that alternative methods should be explored.
Understanding the gender disparity in HIV infection across countries in sub‐Saharan Africa: evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys

Women in sub-Saharan Africa bear a disproportionate burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, which is exacerbated by their role in society and biological vulnerability. The specific objectives of this article are to (i) determine the extent of gender disparity in HIV infection; (ii) examine the role of HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) awareness and sexual behaviour factors on the gender disparity and (iii) establish how the gender disparity varies between individuals of different characteristics and across countries. The analysis involves multilevel logistic regression analysis applied to pooled Demographic and Health Surveys data from 20 countries in sub-Saharan Africa conducted during 2003-2008. The findings suggest that women in sub-Saharan Africa have on average a 60% higher risk of HIV infection than their male counterparts. The risk for women is 70% higher than their male counterparts of similar sexual behaviour, suggesting that the observed gender disparity cannot be attributed to sexual behaviour. The results suggest that the risk of HIV infection among women (compared to men) across countries in sub-Saharan Africa is further aggravated among those who are younger, in female-headed households, not in stable unions or marital partnerships or had an earlier sexual debut.
Microplastics in the Water Column: The Role of Lanternfish (Myctophidae) in Microplastic Trophic Transfer to Striped Dolphins (Stenella Coeruleoalba) and Their Cycling in the Western Mediterranean

In spite of knowing that microplastics are already ubiquitous in the marine environment, their distribution along the water column and their circulation in the marine food webs is yet to be fully understood. Here, we analyze microplastic content in the digestive tract of three pelagic lanternfish species, which occupy an intermediate position in the marine food web. Also, we also explore their role as a vector of microplastics for one of their predators, the striped dolphin ( Stenella coeruleoalba) . Almost half of the analyzed lanternfish contained microplastics, mostly blue and black fibers (40.9% and 34.66%, respectively). The median of microplastics found per fish, in fishes with at least one microplastic, was 3 (CI 95% = 3.46 – 6.8); similar to other studies performed in other fish species in the area. Biometric parameters of fish, such as total length and body condition, were not correlated with number of microplastics. However, microplastics’ frequency of occurrence in our samples (40.21%) were significantly different from the occurrence in the digestive tracts of striped dolphins from the same area (90.5%). The amount of microplastics per individual among these species was also significantly different, with a median of 1.907 items/fish (CI 95% = 3.46 – 6.8) and a median of 7 items/dolphin (CI 95% = 3 - 13), suggesting the possible biomagnification role of lanternfish in the food web in the study area. Data presented here contributes to quantify the severity of microplastic pollution in the understudied pelagic environment and in wild, non-commercial and protected species. It will also help to build modelling scenarios together with studies that target microplastic retention and egestion rate in these species.
Grušin operators, Riesz transforms and nilpotent Lie groups

We establish that the Riesz transforms of all orders corresponding to the Grusin operator \(H_N=-\nabla _{x}^2-|x|^{2N}\,\nabla _{y}^2\), and the first-order operators \((\nabla _{x},x^\nu \,\nabla _{y})\) where \(x\in \mathbf{R}^n\), \(y\in \mathbf{R}^m\), \(N\in \mathbf{N}_+\), and \(\nu \in \{1,\ldots ,n\}^N\), are bounded on \(L_p(\mathbf{R}^{n+m})\) for all \(p\in \langle 1,\infty \rangle \) and are also weak-type (1, 1). Moreover, the transforms of order less than or equal to \(N+1\) corresponding to \(H_N\) and the operators \((\nabla _{x}, |x|^N\nabla _{y})\) are bounded on \(L_p(\mathbf{R}^{n+m})\) for all \(p\in \langle 1,\infty \rangle \). But if N is odd all transforms of order \(N+2\) are bounded if and only if \(p\in \langle 1,n\rangle \). The proofs are based on the observation that the \((\nabla _{x},x^\nu \,\nabla _{y})\) generate a finite-dimensional nilpotent Lie algebra, the corresponding connected, simply connected, nilpotent Lie group is isometrically represented on the spaces \(L_p(\mathbf{R}^{n+m})\) and \(H_N\) is the corresponding sublaplacian.
High-Reliability low-latency communications with network coding

With various emerging latency-sensitive applications, e.g., V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) automation, smart power systems (i.e., smart grids), Internet of things (IoT) and smart factory (industry 4.0), low-latency communication is becoming more and more important. To meet increasing demands, there have been substantial research activities on low-latency communications recently. Meanwhile, many applications also have high requirements on reliability. These schemes with high requirements on reliability and latency  are often termed high-reliability low-latency (HRLL) communications. A common approach to achieve low-latency is finite length coding/transmission blocks. However, due to finite code length, it is rather challenging to achieve high reliability and low latency simultaneously. Moreover, in many scenarios, high data rates are also needed. Thus, it is rather valuable to study communication and coding schemes capable of simultaneously improving reliability, latency and rates.  Network coding, originally proposed for increasing network throughput, has shown benefits in latency, throughput and reliability, respectively. However, the study of network coding for HRLL communications is still very limited. Thus, the main objective of the project is to systematically investigate network coding for HRLL communications. We will find the fundamental limits of HRLL networks with network coding. We will optimize network coding schemes and propose efficient communication strategies to improve latency and reliability performance under practical constraints. The outgoing mobility will be hosted Electrical Engineering department, Princeton University, USA, with excellent academy environments and the applicant will be trained in advanced knowledge, management and pedagogy skills, in addition to research topics and methods.
Quantum optomechanics at room temperature

5 years ago, the field of optomechanics has entered the quantum regime. By doing so, this domain which investigates the reciprocal interactions between light and mechanical motion has overcome the long-standing paradox of Quantum Mechanical effects at the macroscopic scale. Such outstanding achievement relies on the so-called “cavity nano-optomechanical” technology, which combines strongly reduced dimensions with ultra-high optical confinement, enabling very large optomechanical coupling rates at the nanoscale.
In a more fundamental perspective, decreasing the size of optomechanical systems has enabled minimizing the detrimental effects of decoherence, resulting in a quasi-instantaneous collapse of quantum coherence at a macroscopic scale. At present, optomechanical systems seem to have reached their limits at cryogenic temperatures and remain overly sensitive to decoherence at room temperature to display any quantum behaviour. 
The project Q-ROOT proposes a novel cavity optomechanical approach showing such unprecedentedly large coupling rates that it will operate in the quantum regime at room temperature for the first time. Our concept relies on tethering a low-loss nano-optical scatterer at the edge of the lightest possible mechanical device that is a carbon nanotube resonator. This system is expected to outperform the state-of-the-art (including atom–based systems) by orders of magnitude, even at room temperature. Amongst objectives, Q-ROOT notably plans to demonstrate ground-state cooling, strong ponderomotive squeezing, the standard quantum limit, quantum non-demolition of mechanical Fock states, and optomechanical photon blockade at room temperature. Besides very fundamental impact, the unique sensing abilities of the system developed in Q-ROOT will be further utilized in order to perform quantum limited sensing applications at room temperature, paving a generalized use of optomechanics for quantum sensing and information technology at room temperature.
Heat pump cooling-heating-dehumidifying system for electric vehicle

A heat pump cooling-heating-dehumidifying system for an electric vehicle includes a compressor for compressing refrigerant, a refrigerant throttling device for achieving pressure reduction of the refrigerant, an out-room air-heat exchanger for heat-exchanging between the refrigerant and outside air, a first in-room air-heat exchanger for heat-exchanging between the refrigerant and air to be introduced into a car room, a second in-room air-heat exchanger provided downstream of the first in-room air-heat exchanger for selectively heat-exchanging between the refrigerant and the air which was heat-exchanged at the first in-room air-heat exchanger, and a four-way switching valve for switching a flow passage of the refrigerant. In each of the cooling operation and the dehumidifying-heating operation of the system, the refrigerant is circulated through the flow passage in order of the compressor, the second in-room air-heat exchanger, the four-way switching valve, the out-room air-heat exchanger, the refrigerant throttling device, the first in-room air-heat exchanger, the four-way switching valve and then the compressor. On the other hand, during the heating operation of the system, the refrigerant is circulated through the flow passage in order of the compressor, the second in-room air-heat exchanger, the four-way switching valve, the first in-room air-heat exchanger, the refrigerant throttling device, the out-room air-heat exchanger, the four-way switching valve and then the compressor.
Carotid-Artery-On-A-Chip device to model thromboembolisms induced by vascular lesions and perform drug screenings

This project will be focused on designing a microfluidic device to visualize haemodynamics within a carotid-artery mimetic device. The system will be designed to evaluate associations especially between fibrinogen, erythrocytes, and platelets when subjected to shear and coagulation-inducing factors. The design will include biologically and mechanically variable properties as may occur in transient ischaemic attacks (TIA). The intended system is to have similar composition and dimensions as the extra-cranial (common to internal) carotid arteries. Physiologically relevant dimensions will be implemented where the common artery will have a lumen diameter of 6.1 mm with variable thickness (0.6 to 0.9 mm), whereas the internal artery will be 4.7 mm in diameter with thickness of 0.7mm. The system will be equipped with pressure and stretch-inducing mechanics which can be modulated to trigger rheological and biological responses. Specifically, stretching will cause exposure of tissue factor and lipids, capable of triggering inflammatory coagulation. The proximal formation of biological or physical occlusions will be assessed using this device. Also, the design will enable visualization of intra-vascular activity as may be illustrated in live high-resolution confocal microscopy. Flow properties of liquids with varied rheological properties similar to blood will be tested. Clinicians and researchers studying the pathology of strokes and TIAs or conducting studies on intravascular thrombosis will be able to engage this device in experiments while pharmaceutical developers will be able to engage the device in testing actions of therapeutic agents.
Stroke remains the second leading cause of death globally and through the development of this device, both developers and potential users of the device will be able to explore effective and applicable solutions. Elvesys will avail the researcher an enriching environment to master IP, marketing concepts, patenting and public engagement.
Functional biology and ecology of planktonic marine fungi – revealing the mechanistic basis of the roles of mycoplankton in the marine carbon cycle

Marine planktonic fungi (mycoplankton) have been largely ignored compared to other plankton groups, such as phytoplankton, especially the roles that they fulfil in marine ecosystems. My research has shown that mycoplankton are a major structural and functional component of coastal ecosystems that have been almost completely overlooked. I have shown that mycoplankton are a substantial proportion of plankton biomass and that saprotrophic mycoplankton are active in coastal ecosystems. Mycoplankton are also a major plankton group in the open ocean and dominate on marine snow particles. These studies demonstrate that fungi have potential roles in the marine carbon cycle including the biological carbon pump. The absence of fungi within a general view of the structure and function of the marine carbon cycle, including a lack of mechanistic understanding of saprotroph functional biology and ecology, represent major knowledge gaps in our understanding of marine ecosystems that must urgently be addressed. MYCO-CARB will address these knowledge gaps through an innovative programme of research. Research cruises at established marine observatories will make an unprecedented assessment of active mycoplankton diversity and abundance across a range of ecosystems; from surface coastal waters to the deep open ocean. Innovative approaches, including molecular ecology tools and ecosystem modelling, will establish the impact of fungal saprotrophs on the marine carbon cycle. A culture collection will be developed, informed by the field-based surveys of natural assemblages to produce ecologically-relevant model fungi. Complementary culture-dependent and -independent systems biology methodologies will determine the underpinning biological machinery of saprotrophic marine mycoplankton. Through the MYCO-CARB research programme, I will open the marine fungal ‘black box’, revealing marine mycoplankton functional biology and ecology, and establishing their roles in the marine carbon cycle.
APPARATUS FOR BUTTON SEWING AND WRAPPING AND METHOD OF USE THEREOF

A button sewing and wrapping apparatus, said apparatus including button sewing means to allow a button to be sewn to an item and button wrapping means to allow the sewn button to be wrapped and wherein said button sewing means and said button wrapping means are combined to form single apparatus.
Anger, Hostility, and Aggression as Predictors of Persistent Smoking During Pregnancy

We examined the role of anger, hostility, and aggression, in addition to depression and stress, in predicting persistent smoking during pregnancy in a low-income sample.The sample consisted of 270 pregnant women (189 smokers, 81 nonsmokers) recruited into a prospective study of prenatal cigarette exposure in the first trimester. Persistent pregnancy smoking was defined as self-reporting daily smoking in at least two trimesters, a positive salivary cotinine level in at least two trimesters, or infant meconium positive for nicotine and/ or its metabolites.Persistent smokers reported higher prenatal stress and negative affect symptoms (depression, anger, hostility, aggression) than nonpersistent smokers or nonsmokers. However, in the context of model testing, maternal anger, hostility, and aggression each accounted for unique variance in persistent smoking, whereas symptoms of depression and stress did not.To date, interventions for pregnant low-income smokers have been largely ineffective. The current results suggest that anger management interventions may be particularly effective for low-income persistent pregnant smokers and may be more likely to prevent relapse than depression-focused interventions.
Ophtalmic device for eye structures examination with ultrahigh resolution

Non-contact cell-resolution imaging of the whole eye is the Holy Grail of ophthalmic diagnosis. If achieved and wide-spread, it can allow detection of diseases at the very earliest stages, resulting in a prominent positive effect both on society through improving the ocular health in the population, and on economy through reducing the number of costly surgical interventions at the late disease stages and through keeping the population economically active. Several highresolution eye imaging instruments reached the market, however they failed to become wide-spread due to their great complexity, high price (Adaptive optics systems) and not patient-friendly imaging procedure, for example, requiring contact with the eye during examination (Confocal microscopy systems). In a course of ERC HELMHOLTZ project, we for the first time we applied Full-field Optical Coherence Tomography (FFOCT) technology to ophthalmology and built two instruments for corneal and retinal imaging. We demonstrated the unique abilities of FFOCT technology to visualize live retina and cornea of the eye with cell-resolution, in a non-contact way, using a simple optical design without complex adaptive optics. In ODYSSEUS we propose to develop a single combined FFOCT instrument for both corneal and retinal examination. The instrument will be compact, cost-effective, adapted for use in clinical environment and will demonstrate the improved imaging performance, meeting the desires of our partners in the hospital. The developed technology will be transferred to our partners in Vision Institute and the Hospital for clinical studies in patients. In addition, we have filled the first patent on ophthalmic FFOCT and, once the prototype is validated, we plan to create a start-up, specializing in manufacturing and sales of FFOCT-based diagnostic devices for ophthalmology.