SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
The free energy of a dilute two-dimensional Bose gas

We study the interacting homogeneous Bose gas in two spatial dimensions in the thermodynamic limit at fixed density. We shall be concerned with some mathematical aspects of this complicated problem in many-body quantum mechanics. More specifically, we consider the dilute limit where the scattering length of the interaction potential, which is a measure for the effective range of the potential, is small compared to the average distance between the particles. We are interested in a setting with positive (i.e., non-zero) temperature. After giving a survey of the relevant literature in the field, we provide some facts and examples to set expectations for the two-dimensional system. The crucial difference to the three-dimensional system is that there is no Bose–Einstein condensate at positive temperature due to the Hohenberg–Mermin–Wagner theorem. However, it turns out that an asymptotic formula for the free energy holds similarly to the three-dimensional case.
We motivate this formula by considering a toy model with δ interaction potential. By restricting this model Hamiltonian to certain trial states with a quasi-condensate we obtain an upper bound for the free energy that still has the quasi-condensate fraction as a free parameter. When minimizing over the quasi-condensate fraction, we obtain the Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless critical temperature for superfluidity, which plays an important role in our rigorous contribution. The mathematically rigorous result that we prove concerns the specific free energy in the dilute limit. We give upper and lower bounds on the free energy in terms of the free energy of the non-interacting system and a correction term coming from the interaction. Both bounds match and thus we obtain the leading term of an asymptotic approximation in the dilute limit, provided the thermal wavelength of the particles is of the same order (or larger) than the average distance between the particles. The remarkable feature of this result is its generality: the correction term depends on the interaction potential only through its scattering length and it holds for all nonnegative interaction potentials with finite scattering length that are measurable. In particular, this allows to model an interaction of hard disks.
Relationship between serum IgG4 concentrations and atherosclerotic coronary plaques assessed by computed tomographic angiography

Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related immuno-inflammation has been suggested to affect the development of coronary artery atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of serum IgG4 concentrations with calcified and non-calcified coronary plaques.Serum IgG4 concentrations were measured in 263 patients who underwent 320-slice coronary computed tomographic (CT) angiography. Vulnerable coronary plaques were evaluated for CT plaque characteristics, including low-density plaque (LDP), positive remodeling, and spotty calcification.Serum concentrations of IgG4 were significantly higher in patients with non-calcified plaque (NCP) than in those without (32.2mg/dL vs. 23.7mg/dL, p=0.029). By contrast, the median serum IgG4 concentrations in patients with and without calcified plaque were 31.2mg/dL and 26.2mg/dL, respectively (p=0.107). Serum IgG4 concentrations were significantly elevated in patients with LDP (33.5mg/dL vs. 26.9mg/dL, p=0.002) and in those with positive remodeling (31.4mg/dL vs. 28.4mg/dL, p=0.039) than in those without. Patients with spotty calcification also had significantly higher serum IgG4 concentrations than those without (32.1mg/dL vs. 24.9mg/dL, p=0.049). In age- and gender-adjusted logistic regression analysis, the highest IgG4 quartile (≥56.7mg/dL) was significantly associated with LDP with an odds ratio of 2.49 (95% CI, 1.15-5.36, p=0.020).Serum IgG4 concentrations were significantly associated with NCP, especially with LDP, suggesting that IgG4-related immuno-inflammation may play a role in coronary plaque vulnerability.
STRUCTURED FORMING FABRIC, PAPERMAKING MACHINE AND METHOD

A fabric for a papermaking machine is provided. The fabric includes a machine facing side and a web facing side comprising pockets formed by warp and weft yarns. Each pocket is defined by four sides of the web facing side. Two of the four sides are each formed by a warp knuckle of a single warp yarn that passes over at least three consecutive weft yarns to define the warp knuckle. The other two of the four sides are each formed by a weft knuckle of a single weft yarn that passes over two consecutive warp yarns to define the weft knuckle.
VARIABLE STIFFNESS CANNULAE AND ASSOCIATED DELIVERY SYSTEMS AND METHODS

The disclosure relates to cannulae, delivery systems, methods of making cannulae, and methods of making delivery systems. A cannula comprises an elongate tubular member having a circumferential wall extending between a proximal end and a distal end and defining an interior lumen. A pattern of openings arranged in an interrupted spiral extends circumferentially along the elongate tubular member.
Establishing services enhancing the innovation management capacity of smes in the enterprise europe network austria

A lack of innovation management capacity represents an important barrier to creating economic impact from innovation activities in SMEs. The H2020 Work Programme “Innovation in SMEs” foresees support services via the Enterprise Europe Network dealing with this issue. The Austrian consortium will support SMEs in addressing factors hindering successful innovation cycles. Activities will aim at 
(1) providing substantial consulting and support services in the form of Key Account Management (KAM) to beneficiaries of the EIC Pilot and at
(2) enhancing the innovation management capacity (EIMC) of SMEs. 
Services will be provided in close cooperation and coordination with the National Contact Points and regional and national stakeholders. KAM and EIMC services will be carried out by experienced innovation experts that are all also involved in/closely connected to the provision of EEN services. This guarantees a seamless support via the services provided under H2020 and COSME, using synergies but avoiding the duplication of services. (1) Within the frame of the Key Account Management, partners will conduct company assessments, identify weaknesses in the SMEs’ innovation strategies and subsequently help SMEs to assign professional coaches. Coaches and SMEs will then develop a coaching plan and address these weaknesses. The process will be facilitated and accompanied by the EEN expert. Further support (e.g. the link to additional financial resources) will be provided and so the SME receives a vital service throughout the project. (2) EEN experts will also directly support a selected number of SMEs in improving their innovation management. This will be achieved through targeted innovation management consulting. SMEs in need of this specific type of consulting will be reached which show a high potential for successful market introduction of innovations and international growth..
Cardiovascular molecular imaging for personalized tailored treatment

Objectives of the proposal: Heart Failure (HF) is estimated to cost the EU economy €196 billion a year. Currently, patients are treated with the highest pharmaceutical doses of antiRAS agents, which cause severe side effects and reduce the patients’ quality of life. Moreover, treatment responses are highly variable. This study aims to enable imaging-guided treatment optimization by using a radiolabelled novel angiotensin 1 receptor (AT1) blocker analogue in a small animal model of myocardial infarction (MI). Positron emission tomography (PET) as a cutting-edge method of evaluating HF pathophysiology at a molecular level will be employed to optimize treatment.
How the objectives will be achieved: MI will be obtained by ligation of the coronary artery in Wistar rats. Subsequently, PET imaging with a dedicated small animal system (mciroPET) will be performed. A multiple set of cardioneuronal PET tracers provided by the partner institution at Johns Hopkins University will be used to measure the extent of global and regional neurohumoral abnormalities in rat hearts following different degrees of ischemic insult. The relationship between neurohumoral system alterations and subsequent left ventricular remodelling will be determined by microPET and Magnetic Resonance Imaging to assess deterioration of ventricular geometric parameters. Using the novel AT1-ligand, imaging-guided dose-derived therapeutic concepts for Wistar rats will be established in vivo with the aim to transfer this technique to the clinic in a long term perspective.  
Relevance to the Work Programme: I envisage that in the future a single cardiac PET scan prior to treatment initiation will be sufficient to estimate the appropriate drug dose in any given HF patient. This new concept of individualized drug dose determination has the potential to lead to personalized treatment for one of the most frequent fatal and expensive diseases and thereby contributes to the reduction of the economic burden of the EU.
Non-double-couple mechanism of moderate earthquakes occurred in Lower Siang region of Arunachal Himalaya: Evidence of factors affecting non-DC

Moment Tensor solutions of 104 earthquakes which were observed at local distances in Lower Siang region of Arunachal Himalaya have been estimated using ISOLA code. The magnitude range of analyzed earthquakes lies between 1.8 (Mw) and 5.3 (Mw). Out of 104 earthquakes, only 32 events are having good data. The signal noise ratio of these 32 events is greater than 6 with magnitude greater than 2.5. All possible sources of non-DC such as, noise present in the data, depth of the source, low azimuthal coverage of the event and non-DC as a part of real earthquake source process are examined. The study reveals that non-DC is highly dependent on the source depth as comparatively shallow events shows high CLVD%. The CLVD is also highly affected by the noise present in the data. Another factor is the magnitude of the event. The high magnitude event shows quite high DC%. So the source mechanisms of high magnitude events are double couple (DC).
Subdecadal-scale vegetation responses to a previously unknown late-Allerød climate fluctuation and Younger Dryas cooling at Lake Meerfelder Maar (Germany)

Lake Meerfelder Maar (MFM) is the northernmost Western European sediment record with annual laminations across the Younger Dryas (YD), and the onset of the YD in the record of MFM has previously been defined as an increase in non-arboreal pollen abundance at ca. 12 680 varve a BP. Here we present a palynological record at unprecedented subdecadal resolution for MFM, covering the Allerod–YD transition. Our results show a fluctuation in pollen accumulation rates (PARs) before the onset of the YD, with lower rates between ca. 12 725 and 12 685 varve a BP. The fluctuation in PARs occurs simultaneous with a previously undescribed short fluctuation in sediment composition and varve thickness, as well as with changes in biogeochemical proxies. The combined evidence indicates signs of climatic instability ca. 45 years before the onset of the YD. The PAR records of Betula and Pinus furthermore show earlier and more abrupt changes at the onset of the YD than the percentage-records do. Finally, heliophilous herbaceous taxa show a delayed increase following the onset of the YD of ca. 145 years. This paper illustrates the potential to identify previously unrecognized climate variability and vegetation change when using subdecadal-resolution analyses.
NG2 Glia Generate New Oligodendrocytes But Few Astrocytes in a Murine Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model of Demyelinating Disease

The adult mammalian brain and spinal cord contain glial precursors that express platelet-derived growth factor receptor α subunit (PDGFRA) and the NG2 proteoglycan. These "NG2 cells" descend from oligodendrocyte precursors in the perinatal CNS and continue to generate myelinating oligodendrocytes in the gray and white matter of the postnatal brain. It has been proposed that NG2 cells can also generate reactive astrocytes at sites of CNS injury or demyelination. To test this we examined the fates of PDGFRA/NG2 cells in the mouse spinal cord during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)--a demyelinating condition that models some aspects of multiple sclerosis in humans. We administered tamoxifen to Pdgfra-CreER(T2):Rosa26R-YFP mice to induce yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) expression in PDGFRA/NG2 cells and their differentiated progeny. We subsequently induced EAE and observed a large (>4-fold) increase in the local density of YFP(+) cells, >90% of which were oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Many of these became CC1-positive, NG2-negative differentiated oligodendrocytes that expressed myelin markers CNP and Tmem10/Opalin. PDGFRA/NG2 cells generated very few GFAP(+)-reactive astrocytes (1-2% of all YFP(+) cells) or NeuN(+) neurons (<0.02%). Thus, PDGFRA/NG2 cells act predominantly as a reservoir of new oligodendrocytes in the demyelinated spinal cord.
Thermal energy regulating device

The present invention relates to a thermal energy adjusting device, which includes a heat-conducting substrate and a plurality of cooling chips. The heat-conducting substrate has a loading surface. Each cooling chip has a first surface and a second surface, and the second surfaces of those cooling chips are fixed on the loading surface of the heat-conducting substrate. Those cooling chips are electrically connected for supplying power thereto such that a temperature variation generated on the second surfaces of those cooling chips is conducted to the substrate. After the temperature variation derived from those cooling chips is conducted to the heat-conducting substrate with the thermal energy adjusting device, the heat-conducting substrate can result in a corresponding temperature change to enlarge a temperature-varying area, thereby uniformly distributing temperature over the heat-conducting substrate. The thermal energy adjusting device of the present invention can be disposed in clothes to generate a change of temperature rise on the second surface of the cooling chip and to conduct thermal energy to the heat-conducting substrate, so as to generate heat to keep warm for the clothing.
A Study of Artificial Neural Networks for Electrochemical Data Analysis

Artificial neural network has been demonstrated the capability of identifying the chemical composition from various analytical methods. This study tested the feasibility of using a single network to calculate data obtained from polarography, linear scanning voltammetry (LSV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Computer generated data were used for network learning and testing. The network property of a single layer network was calculated at various learning cycles, learning rates, and β values of the neuron activation function. This study also evaluated two-layer, three-layer, and four-layer networks. Test results conclude that a single artificial neural network could analyze various analytical data by using corresponding weight matrices. To produce accurate results, the network requires high training cycle, small β value of sigmoid function, and small learning rate. Network accuracy increase as the number of neuron increased to certain extents. Network structure plays minimum effects on the accuracy of network for a given number of neurons.
State or Diaspora: Jewish History as a Form of National Belonging

This study addresses the writing of Jewish history as a form of national belonging in Israel and in the Diaspora. Simon Dubnow laid the foundation for Jewish national historiography in the beginning of the twentieth century. Beginning in the 1920s, Zionist historians in Palestine emphasized the centrality of the Land of Israel in Jewish history, while Jewish historians in the Diaspora preferred an elliptical model, which recognized two national centres – ‘Babylon and Jerusalem’. In the 1930s, a debate broke out between two principal Jewish historians, Salo Baron and Yitzhak Baer. While Baer stressed the Zionist conception of Jewish history, Baron emphasized the world dimensions of Jewish history. Similarly, during the 1950s a dispute arose between Jewish scholar Simon Rawidowicz and David Ben-Gurion. For Rawidowicz, a Jewish centre in the Diaspora was parallel in significance to the State of Israel. By contrast, for Ben-Gurion only a Jewish nation-state could provide true Jewish national belonging. In this article, I analyse both arguments and draw conclusions for the current relationship between Israeli historical awareness and the use of Jewish history in the Diaspora.
MICROFIBER-ENTANGLED PRODUCTS AND RELATED METHODS

Described are microfiber-entangled products and methods of producing microfiber-entangled products from microfiber materials or microfiber-forming materials, the microfiber entangled products having various useful product constructions that incorporate microfiber materials and other materials that can be combined by folding, weaving, lapping, twisting, tying, braiding, or otherwise.
Typhoid Intestinal Perforations in a Tropical Tertiary Health Facility:A Prospective Study.

Background: Despite decades of improvement in patient care globally, typhoid intestinal perforation remains a frequently fatal illness in the developing world. This study aimed at determining the factors that influenced the outcome of surgical management of typhoid intestinal perforation in Sagamu, South-West Nigeria. Methods: Twenty-three consecutive adult cases managed between January 2006 and December 2008 at the surgical department of Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu were studied prospectively. Patients received parental ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone in addition to metronidazole. They all had laparotomy after adequate resuscitation. Patients in American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class VE were operated upon under local anaesthesia, intravenous ketamine and diazepam. Results: There were 13 males and 10 females with a male to female sex ratio of 1.3:1. The ages ranged from 19 to 51 years. Seventeen (73.9%) patients were aged between 20 and 34years.Two patients, one each from ASA grades IVE and VE, died on 1st and 2nd postoperative days respectively. The mortality of 8.7% was significantly associated with ASA class (P= 0.040). ASA class was strongly associated with severity of peritonitis (P=0.021). Complications occurred in 11 (47.8%) patients. Ten (43.5%) developed wound infection and one (4.3%) an entercutaenous fecal fistula. Wound infection was significantly associated with method of closure of perforation (P=0.034), and number of perforations (P=0.007). Conclusion: This study has shown that ASA class is a significant predictor of mortality in patients treated for typhoid intestinal perforation in our centre. We recommend that patients in ASA classes IV and V should have post-operative intensive care to reduce the risk of death.
South East Transport Axis

Together with the projects SoNorA, BATCo, SCANDRIA North and SEETAC (Central Europe, Baltic Sea, SEE Programme), SETA is aiming on the analysis and development of the transport corridors from Scandinavia to South-East Europe. Competitive Accessibility of regions is one of the most important preconditions for their economic growth and development (as the project SIC! has shown). Fluent transport of passengers and goods are the crucial preconditions of the competitive accessibility of regions. The low level of regional, transnational and seaport accessibility within South East Europe region especially in railway transport drag behind the transportation demand and therefore limit the regional (economic) development potentials. While the share of railway transport in the region is poor, the emission of greenhouse gas from private cars and lorries is still increasing. The main objectives of SETA project are the improvement of accessibility to provide the economic development of the regions within the project area, and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by a competitive railway transport quality. In SETA project the transport requirements of the regions will be determined; a transport network analysis will show current transport conditions (bottlenecks), short/medium/long term solutions will be developed. After an assessment in terms of socio-economic, financial and environmental impacts the realisability of these solutions will be evaluated. Finally recommendations for implementation based on the evaluation results and the experiences of pilot projects (with special focus on financing options) will be given. The Platform of Regions (PoR) will provide a forum for information exchange among the representatives of the target groups on different levels during the project implementation phase. This forum will furthermore foster cooperation between the relevant actors in the field of transport network development beyond project implementation.
On the notion of regional economic resilience: conceptualization and explanation

Over the past few years a new buzzword has entered academic, political and public discourse: the notion of resilience, a term invoked to describe how an entity or system responds to shocks and disturbances. Although the concept has been used for some time in ecology and psychology, it is now invoked in diverse contexts, both as a perceived (and typically positive) attribute of an object, entity or system and, more normatively, as a desired feature that should somehow be promoted or fostered. As part of this development, the notion of resilience is rapidly becoming part of the conceptual and analytical lexicon of regional and local economic studies: there is increasing interest in the resilience of regional, local and urban economies. Further, resilience is rapidly emerging as an idea ‘whose time has come’ in policy debates: a new imperative of ‘constructing’ or ‘building’ regional and urban economic resilience is gaining currency. However, this rush to use the idea of regional and local economic resilience in policy circles has arguably run somewhat ahead of our understanding of the concept. There is still considerable ambiguity about what, precisely, is meant by the notion of regional economic resilience, about how it should be conceptualized and measured, what its determinants are, and how it links to patterns of long-run regional growth. The aim of this article is to address these and related questions on the meaning and explanation of regional economic resilience and thereby to outline the directions of a research agenda.
Progress toward treatments for synaptic defects in autism

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses a range of disorders that are characterized by social and communication deficits and repetitive behaviors. For the majority of affected individuals, the cause of ASD remains unknown, but in at least 20% of the cases, a genetic cause can be identified. There is currently no cure for ASD; however, results from mouse models indicate that some forms of the disorder could be alleviated even at the adult stage. Genes involved in ASD seem to converge on common pathways altering synaptic homeostasis. We propose, given the clinical heterogeneity of ASD, that specific 'synaptic clinical trials' should be designed and launched with the aim of establishing whether phenotype 'reversals' could also occur in humans.