SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Desafío digital y educación superior en Colombia

En este artículo exploramos el tema del desarrollo de las competencias digitales en Colombia con el objetivo de identificar iniciativas orientadas a apoyar los estudiantes. Las habilidades digitales y la educación son las claves para una sociedad inclusiva y un crecimiento del capital humano en el mercado laboral. Los desafíos se encuentran dentro del entorno educativo: la transformación digital puede lograr progreso y competitividad solo garantizando jóvenes bien formados. Para analizar el contexto digital colombiano, con sus dificultades en el acceso a internet y una brecha entre los diferentes estratos sociales, investigamos la oferta de cursos y programas de las universidades. Utilizamos la técnica web scraping para recoger datos y organizarlos en una base de da-tos. Los resultados de nuestra investigación revelan los esfuerzos del país para impulsar el aprendizaje de tecnología digital y, sucesivamente, mejorar la productividad de las empresas. Las universidades ofrecen muchos cursos, sobre todo desde la dependencia de educación continua, relacionándose con los diferentes niveles de alfabetización digital, pero sobreponiéndose con costos altos, con el riesgo de ampliar la brecha entre estratos sociales. La originalidad de la investigación está en el descubrimiento de la similitud de la oferta académica analizada y en la propuesta de realizar redes de alianzas entre universidades, empresas, instituciones y sociedad civil, que actualmente son muy débiles o faltan, así que muchas iniciativas educativas sean realizadas en una estrategia de desarrollo educativo compartida y bien finalizada.
INSTRUMENTOS ENDODONTICOS PLEGABLES.

Un dispositivo endodontico (2201), comprende: Un cuerpo ahusado que tiene un extremo de punta y un extremo de vastago, en donde el extremo de punta tiene un diametro que es menor que el diametro del extremo de vastago y el cuerpo tiene un eje de rotacion (2216) que se extiende desde el extremo de punta al extremo de vastago, y el cuerpo que tiene un perfil que es un eje longitudinal ladeado que tiene: Al menos una superficie de trabajo que se extiende entre el extremo de vastago y el extremo de punta, la superficie de trabajo incluye una ranura de corta; Una primera seccion transversal perpendicular al eje de rotacion, en donde la primera seccion transversal tiene una primera geometria; y una segunda seccion transversal perpendicular al eje de rotacion, en donde la segunda seccion transversal tiene una segunda geometria, en donde la primera geometria es diferente de la segunda geometria; La primera seccion transversal y la segunda seccion transversal se interceptan en al menos una superficie de trabajo, En donde el dispositivo endodontico se configura para erguirse debido a los centroides (2210) del instrumento que no descansa sobre el eje de rotacion.
Verriegelungseinheit für einen Fahrzeugsitz und Fahrzeugsitz

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verriegelungseinheit (10) für einen Fahrzeugsitz (1), umfassend eine zwischen einer geöffneten Stellung und einer geschlossene Stellung um eine Schwenkachse schwenkbar gelagerte Sperrklinke (80) mit einer Haltekontur (27) zum Festhalten eines Verriegelungsbolzens (12) in der geschlossenen Stellung, Dabei ist mindestens eine Klaue (90, 91, 92) in Axialrichtung versetzt zu der Sperrklinke (80) um die selbe Schwenkachse schwenkbar gelagert, wobei die Klaue (90, 91, 92) eine Schließkontur (25) aufweist, wobei die Sperrklinke (80) durch eine Beaufschlagung der Schließkontur (25) durch den Verriegelungsbolzen (12) von der geöffneten Stellung in die geschlossene Stellung schwenkbar ist.
Movilizaciones subalternas y desafíos al orden colonial en Venezuela a finales del siglo xviii

En la Venezuela colonial, las movilizaciones subalternas representaron un desafío constante para la administración colonial. Los indígenas, los esclavos, los cimarrones y los pardos tenían diferentes estrategias, desde la participación en las instituciones hasta la rebelión abierta. En los años 1790, las nuevas politizaciones revolucionarias también tuvieron un gran impacto, y transformaron las demandas populares. En este artículo analizamos en particular la rebelión de Coro en 1795, que representó un desafío para las autoridades.
Snowball Titan solves methane mystery?

Saturn's largest moon may once have been a giant snowball. Titan is already a frigid moon made mostly of ice. But methane gas in its atmosphere keeps the surface just warm enough for a scattering of lakes filled with liquid hydrocarbons. Scientists have puzzled over Titans atmospheric methane because the molecule is easily broken down by sunlight. Calculations suggest that all the methane Titan seems to possess should have been used up within tens of millions of years--a blip in the moon's roughly 4-billion-year lifetime. Adding to the mystery, the methane breakdown creates other compounds that rain over the surface, helping to fill the lakes. If used-up methane was replaced, this process would happen constantly, so Titan should be covered not by lakes, but by a global ocean hundreds of meters deep. Michael Wong at the California Institute of Technology says snowballs may be the missing piece. Scientists suspect Earth went through a snowball phase about 2 billion years ago, when the planet became covered in ice.
Determinação de referencial vertical em reservatórios para posicionamento da batimetria

Diferentes superfícies de referências verticais podem ser empregadas nos levantamentos geodésicos e topográficos. Elas podem ser superfícies matemáticas, como o elipsoide de revolução; ou superfícies físicas, oriundas da maré, ou do campo de gravidade terrestre (Santana, et. al, 2020). Elas são superfícies que se relacionam entre si, mas a separação entre elas será diferente de um lugar para outro. Atualmente através de técnicas de transporte de coordenadas com o uso do GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) e métodos para obtenção de uma altitude elipsoidal de maneira rápida, precisa e acurada, é possível determinar um referencial para todos os tipos de empreendimentos. Localizada no município de Piraquara, a Barragem Piraquara II pertence à SANEPAR e é utilizada como reservatório modelo para testes. Este reservatório compõe o sistema de regularização e reforço para o abastecimento de água da capital Curitiba. Foi realizado um levantamento geodésico com sistema GNSS e, por meio de técnicas topográficas com uso de estação total, foi idealizada uma poligonal. Este teve por objetivo estabelecer as altitudes elipsoidais próximas ao vertedouro onde existe um controle do nível d’água e referenciar uma régua instalada nas medições da Casa da Cultura, pela Universidade Federal do Paraná. Como resultado deste estudo, e com os dados corrigidos no sensor instalado no barramento, foi possível estabelecer um nível de redução máximo e mínimo em altitude elipsoidal para a barragem, onde todos os levantamentos batimétricos futuros poderão utilizar para suas mensurações.
An innovative and energy-efficient radio frequency pretreatment on emerging micropollutants and transformation products in anaerobic sludge digestion for waste reuse

Sludge management in wastewater treatment plants is still one of the most pressing issues due to dramatic increases in sludge production, disposal costs and increasing stringent regulatory restraints. As the most sustainable and cheapest disposal option, agricultural use of biosolids is encouraged as a part of a resource recovery solution by turning waste into a key resource. Anaerobic digestion is a common practice for sludge stabilization as an energy-efficient process before the beneficial reuse of biosolids. However, presence of the emerging micropollutants such as pharmaceutical and personal care products is creating potential human and environmental health threats despite the technological advancements in anaerobic sludge digestion. Europe needs to take immediate action for solving this issue; to safeguard the Union's citizens from environment-related pressures and risks to health and wellbeing within objectives of the EU 7th Environment Action Programme. RADIOFREPOLIS intends to investigate the occurrence and transformation of target pharmaceutical and personal care products by applying an innovative and energy-efficient radio frequency sludge pretreatment followed by anaerobic digestion as the first time in the literature for moving towards non-toxic environment. Proposed solution will reduce the uncontrolled release of micropollutants into the environment via sludge as well as reducing the quantity of excess sludge, improving the quality of sludge and increasing renewable energy to obtain a positive energy balance of the overall process, which will contribute to competitiveness of Europe. RADIOFREPOLIS will transfer knowledge on this newly acquired custom-built radio frequency heating technology to Europe and develop a novel project with multidisciplinary collaboration. Furthermore, this fellowship will increase knowledge and experience of the highly qualified researcher in area of environmental biotechnology where Europe needs highly trained researchers.
Poultry manure valorization

Poultry farming worldwide is among the largest sectors of animal husbandry for food production. As with other bio-farming activities poultry farming is associated with manure production. In contrast with other manure types poultry manure is very rich in nutrients as nitrogen & phosphorus and also in organic material. 

The project applies eco-innovative principles and technologies and thus opens a sustainable route to nutrient recovery and energy efficiency for poultry manure. The approach makes use of subsequent biological and physical treatment steps. The 1st step in the process consists of a biological ammonification step in which organic nitrogen is biologically converted into ammonia. A 2nd step removes the ammonia present in the broth via stripping with air. The ammonia is subsequently fixated with sulphuric or nitric acid as an ammonium salt (sulphate, nitrate) to produce the desired fertilizer. The residual organic fraction of the manure can now be readily digested afterwards, to produce biogas which in turn can be used as a source of heat or electricity.

The project proposes an integrated biological approach for the pre-treatment and valorisation of poultry manure. The liberation and fixation of nitrogen as nutrient is optimized and the product consists of a valuable ammonium salt directly applicable as fertilizer. The residue of the de-ammonification allows for a variety of post treatment methods. As a spinoff, additional amounts of valuable nutrients can be liberated and efficient bioconversion of the organic fraction comes within reach, adding to the potential of the business case. Meanwhile there is a significant environmental gain as the emission of ammonia into the atmosphere associated with current practices is completely prevented, which is especially beneficial for vulnerable and sensitive areas and water bodies. Up to 11.25 kg ammonia per ton poultry manure are released into the atmosphere when raw poultry manure is used for land fertilization.
The Inspection Report of Jingxing Battlefields between Han and Zhao

In the third year of Han Gaodi(before 204 BC),the famous battle between Han and Zhao in Jingxing broke out around the area of Pingding and Luquan of the present Shanxi and Hebei provinces.The saying by Zhao Guang,Wu Jun and Li Zuoche as On the Jingxing road,the car must not side track,not into a ride out, refers to the most rugged and steep terrain between the towns of Baijing and Tianchang,now the down town section of Jingxing.The main battlefield back water front made by Hanxin was located in the water town,the area between Yanfeng Village and Changan Town of Jingxing today,which is the only place to be seen for the trail of the battle of hundreds and thousands of troops.
TREATED AREAS ON A WRAPPER FOR REDUCING THE IGNITION PROCLIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF A SMOKING ARTICLE

Smoking articles having reduced ignition proclivity characteristics are disclosed. The smoking articles include a paper wrapper containing cellulosic fibers and filler particles. The paper wrappers are formed so that the filler particles form a concentration gradient throughout the thickness of the wrapper. More particularly, a greater concentration of filler particles are present at a first surface in comparison to the amount of filler particles present at the opposite surface. In accordance with the present disclosure, an ignition reducing composition is applied to the first surface. In this manner, treated areas having more uniform properties are formed.
Social housing retrofit strategies in England and France: A parametric and behavioural analysis

© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.IFORE (Innovation for Renewal) is an EU Interreg funded partnership including two large housing associations, one in England, one in France, and a university from each country. The project is an exemplar large-scale retrofit, 100 houses have been retrofitted at Rushenden, on the Isle of Sheppey (Kent, England), and a similar number at Outreau, a suburb of Boulogne (Pas-de-Calais, France). This paper offers an overview of the methods used by the project team to find common solutions and to identify similarities between retrofit measures and occupant's behaviour in both countries. The cross-border nature of IFORE makes the project also original in relation to other similar national retrofit projects that have been developed prior to it. Dynamic thermal simulation was used to evaluate the thermal behaviour of the buildings refurbished. It is a valuable decision-making tool when assessing alternative retrofit measures. Initial surveys were carried out to make a classification of the housing stock which formed the context for the computer simulations. Some results from the simulations, carried out with ESP-r in England and Pleiade + Comfie in France, are presented in this paper. The comparison of the results from the two simulation tools shows great similarity between the two methods, which gave confidence for their use in evaluating alternative specifications for the works that have now been adopted for retrofit. At the same time sociological studies have characterised the populations in order to bring the most advantageous results from the retrofit works in reducing carbon emissions but also reducing fuel poverty whilst improving comfort standards.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR IMPLEMENTING AN EXTENSIBLE SYSTEM OF RECORD IN A MACHINE LEARNING-BASED DIGITAL THREAT MITIGATION PLATFORM

A system and method for implementing an extensible webhook service of a system of record includes receiving API-based webhook criteria for configuring an extensible webhook control data structure within a system of record; encoding the extensible webhook control data structure based on the API-based webhook criteria, wherein the encoding includes: (A) setting a webhook launching condition defining a custom API call that, when received, causes (i) an automatic creation of a payload of data from data sources within a system of record and (ii) an execution of a webhook operation; and (B) setting the webhook operation that identifies a web-based destination for the payload of data and that, when executed, causes an automatic transmission of the payload of data from the system of record to the web-based destination; wherein the extensible webhook control data structure, once encoded, automatically controls an interchange of data between the system of record and distinct external entities.
A cross-border microsurgery center of excellence for the promotion of research, training and education

The overall goal is the establishment of a virtual surgical education and training center that will enable experts to obtain a customizable, distant learning solution for training their students at anytime and anywhere with a minimum cost. This is achieved through the following objectives:
R&D in virtual reality (VR) based surgical simulators.
A web-based training application inspired by the e-Learning paradigm.
Building digital libraries to support several activities: information access, discovery, storage, dissemination and preservation.
Exchange of knowledge and experience will further improve the interregional cooperation to respond to the identified common problems regarding the exploitation of digital technologies for the promotion of education and research.
ISOLATION SCHEME FOR BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS IN BICMOS TECHNOLOGY

Device structures and design structures for a bipolar junction transistor. The device structure includes a collector region in a substrate, a plurality of isolation structures extending into the substrate and comprised of an electrical insulator, and an isolation region in the substrate. The isolation structures have a length and are arranged with a pitch transverse to the length such that each adjacent pair of the isolation structures is separated by a respective section of the substrate. The isolation region is laterally separated from at least one of the isolation structures by a first portion of the collector region. The isolation region laterally separates a second portion of the collector region from the first portion of the collector region. The device structure further includes an intrinsic base on the second portion of the collector region and an emitter on the intrinsic base. The emitter has a length transversely oriented relative to the length of the isolation structures.
Endoscopes and robots for tight surgical spaces: use of precurved elastic elements to enhance curvature

Many applications in medicine require flexible surgical manipulators and endoscopes capable of reaching tight curvatures. The maximum curvature these devices can achieve is often restricted either by a strain limit, or by a maximum actuation force that the device's components can tolerate without risking mechanical failure. In this paper we propose the use of precurvature to bias the workspace of the device in one direction. Combined with axial shaft rotation, biasing increases the size of the device's workspace, enabling it to reach tighter curvatures than a comparable device without biasing can achieve, while still being able to fully straighten. To illustrate this effect, we describe several example prototype devices which use flexible nitinol strips that can be pushed and pulled to generate bending. We provide a statics model that relates the manipulator curvature to actuation force, and validate it experimentally.
Transition from a disordered to a crystalline state in II–VI and III–V films

The initial stages of HgCdTe growth on Al2O3, GaAs, CdTe, and KCl substrates have been studied by electron diffraction. HgCdTe films were produced by pulsed laser deposition and isothermal vapor phase epitaxy. InGaAs films were grown by isothermal chloride epitaxy on GaAs substrates. In the initial stages of the growth process, we observed a transition from an amorphous to a textured polycrystalline phase and then to a mosaic single-crystal structure. We have calculated the critical size of crystalline grains below which amorphization occurs in II-VI and III-V compounds. The critical grain size agrees with the grain size of the disordered (amorphous) phase that forms in the initial stage of epitaxy. We have determined some characteristics of the heterostructures: critical film thickness below which pseudomorphic growth is possible without misfit dislocation generation, elastic stress in the epitaxial system, surface density of dangling bonds at dislocations, and the critical island radius above which no interfacial misfit dislocations are generated.
Radial HI profiles at the periphery of galactic disks: The role of ionizing background radiation

Observations of neutral hydrogen in spiral galaxies reveal a sharp cutoff in the radial density profile at some distance from the center. Using 22 galaxies with known HI distributions as an example, we discuss the question of whether this effect can be associated exclusively with external ionizing radiation, as is commonly assumed. We show that before the surface density reaches $\sigma_{\textrm{HI}}\le 0.5 {\cal M}_\odot/{\textrm {pc}}^2$(the same for galaxies of different types), it is hard to expect the gas to be fully ionized by background radiation. For two of 13 galaxies with a sharp drop in the HI profile, the "steepening" can actually be caused by ionization. At the same time, for the remaining galaxies, the observed cutoff in the radial HI profile is closer to the center than if it was a consequence of ionization by background radiation and, therefore, it should be caused by other factors.
Improving health, wellbeing and equality by evidenced-based urban policies for tackling energy poverty

Energy poverty is becoming a main challenge of the European welfare systems and beyond, abounding on the inequalities derived from living conditions and social determinants, with a direct and negative impact on health and wellbeing, mainly in urban contexts. Health problems attributable to energy poverty include respiratory diseases, heart attacks, stroke and mental disorders (stress, anxiety, depression), but also acute health issues, such as hypothermia, injuries or influenza. The complex nature of this recently identified phenomenon requires a comprehensive analysis of the problem and its solution from a multidimensional approach, which should involve environmental, political, social, regulatory and psychological issues, thus involving other Social Determinants of Health and health inequalities  Urban policies and initiatives might respond very efficiently to energy poverty and their effects on the citizens wellbeing and health, by providing evidence-based interventions covering different angles of the challenges, including complementary actions covering individual (behavioural) but also social-political actions (regulations, urban planning) that include health in all policies.  Based on the socio ecological model and on the realist evaluation approach, WELLBASED will design, implement and evaluate a comprehensive urban programme to reduce energy poverty and their effects on the citizens health and wellbeing, built on evidence-based approaches in 7 different  pilot cities, representing different urban realities but also a diverse range of welfare and healthcare models.  The project’s multidisciplinary consortium, made up of 19 partners from 10 countries, has been built to guarantee the full coverage of the scientific, clinical, social and environmental competencies, and to gather the viewpoint of different communities and actors necessary to develop, test and evaluate the interventions related to WELLBASED in order to maximize its chances of success. 
WELLBASED is a part of the European cluster on urban health projects.