SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
FABRIC FOR UNIDIRECTIONAL LIQUID TRANSPORT

A fabric having a base layer with an inside and a face side. The base layer may be hydrophobic and/or omniphobic. The fabric also has a hydrophilic transport layer, a portion of which passes through one or more ducts in the base layer. The transport layer has an inner portion on the inside of the base layer for absorbing liquids. The inner portion may have a shape configured to better absorb and move liquids. The liquids are transported to the face side of the base layer. A covering layer may be disposed on the face side of the base layer such that the outer portion of the transport layer is between the base and covering layers. In some embodiments, an inner layer is disposed on the inside of the base layer such that the inner portion of the transport layer is between the inner layer and the base layer.
Brick vaults and beyond: the transformation of a historical structural system (1830-1930)

Today, building vaults is no longer part of everyday building practice. However, for centuries vaults had been regarded as the ideal structure to span imposing spaces in cloisters, churches, cathedrals and palaces. Several studies have been devoted to the topic worldwide and cover the evolution of vaulting from Antiquity until its decline, typically situated around the 18th century. However, the introduction of new construction materials in the 19th and 20th centuries such as iron, steel and reinforced concrete, together with changing architectural styles and functional needs, growing structural insights and a better delineation of the role of building actors, ensures this later period is exciting to study.

The aim of the BELVAU project is to study the evolution of vault construction in Belgium in the 19th and 20th centuries, taking into account the changing context of the young industrializing country. The study builds on my expertise of vaulting in earlier periods, as well as on the considerable research efforts recently undertaken to map the Belgian building sector in these two centuries. 

Vaults are fascinating study objects: they influence not only the aesthetics, but they are a basic element of the structural system. Consequently, the research questions focus on both aspects. What type of vaults were built during this period? Did these vaults follow traditional techniques? Which innovations were introduced? Did these innovations influence the aesthetical appearance? What are the specific features of Belgian vaults in relation with other European countries? What was the relation between the vault and the covered space? Who were the actors involved? How did the theoretical development of structural analysis influence the design and construction? 

Via literature study, archival research and in situ geometrical and structural analysis of several vaults, the project will contribute to improve the heritage value assessments of vaulted buildings from this period.
Myogenin gene expression is not altered in the developing diaphragm of nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Pleuroperitoneal folds (PPFs) represent the only source of muscle precursors cells (MPCs) in the primordial diaphragm. However, the exact pathogenesis of malformed PPFs and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) remains unclear. The muscle-specific transcription factor myogenin plays a key role during development and muscularization of the fetal diaphragm. Although myogenin knockout mice lack skeletal muscle fibers, the diaphragmatic musculature is intact without any defects. It has further been demonstrated that proliferation and differentiation of MPCs in PPFs and developing diaphragms are normal in rodent CDH models. We hypothesized that myogenin gene expression is not altered in malformed PPFs, developing diaphragms and diaphragmatic musculature in the nitrofen-induced CDH model.Pregnant rats were exposed to nitrofen or vehicle on gestational day 9 (D9). Fetuses were harvested during PPF formation (D13), diaphragmatic development (D14-15) and muscularization (D18-21). Fetal PPFs, developing diaphragms and diaphragmatic musculature were dissected and divided into nitrofen and control groups. Myogenin mRNA levels were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, while immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate myogenin protein expression and distribution.Relative mRNA expression of myogenin was not significant different in PPFs (0.30 ± 0.09 vs. 0.48 ± 0.09; P = 0.37), developing diaphragms (1.25 ± 0.29 vs. 1.60 ± 0.32; P=0.53) and diaphragmatic musculature (1.08 ± 0.24 vs. 1.59 ± 0.20; P = 0.15) of nitrofen-exposed fetuses compared to controls. Myogenin immunoreactivity was not altered in the muscular components of malformed PPFs, developing diaphragms and diaphragmatic musculature of nitrofen-exposed fetuses compared to controls.Myogenin gene expression is not altered in PPFs, developing diaphragms and diaphragmatic musculature in the nitrofen-induced CDH model, thus suggesting that diaphragmatic defects in this model develop independent of myogenic processes.
Mining microbes and developing advanced production platforms for novel enzymes to rapidly unleash xylans’ potential in a scope of products for the consumer market

EnXylaScope will discover novel enzymes for debranching xylan, a highly abundant polymer in plants. Productions systems for these enzymes will be optimised and the enzymes will be applied to produce a debranched (water-insoluble) form of xylan that has properties which make it suitable as ingredients in a scope of consumer products. The debranched xylan will be further modified, using available enzymes, to confer functionalities that expand the range of potential consumer products. In total 3 types of enzymatically modified xylan will be made and will be application tested for 6 consumer products. These product span 3 sectors (cosmetics, personal care, nutraceuticals). Advanced techniques will be used for the discovery, production, and formulation of these enzymes and the project is designed so that maximal research outputs are achieved in the period and that the post-project timeframe for launching these products on the market is significantly reduced.
FAIMS APPARATUS AND METHOD WITH ION DIVERTING DEVICE

A method and apparatus for selectively transmitting ions using a FAIMS analyzer is disclosed. An ion diverter is included within the FAIMS analyzer for afffecting the trajectories of ions after separation to direct the ions in a known fashion. The ion diverter is optionally a gas flow source or an electrode for generating an electrical field to alter ion flow.
Decreasing of methanogenic activity in paddy fields via lowering ponding water temperature: A modeling investigation

Abstract Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas and the huge CH4 fluxes emitted from paddy fields can prejudice the eco-compatibility of rice cultivation. CH4 production in submerged rice crops is known to be highly influenced by water temperature. Hence, lowering ponding water temperature (LPWT) could be an option to mitigate CH4 emissions from paddy environments when it is possible either to irrigate with slightly colder water or to increase ponding water depth. However, paddy soil is a complex environment in which many processes are simultaneously influenced by temperature, leading to a difficult prediction of LPWT effects. For this reason, LPWT efficiency is here theoretically investigated with a one-dimensional process-based model that simulates the vertical and temporal dynamics of water temperature in soil and the fate of chemical compounds that influence CH4 emissions. The model is validated with literature measured data of CH4 emissions from a paddy field under time-variable temperature regime. Based on modeling results, LPWT appears promising since the simulated reduction of CH4 emissions reaches about −12% and −49% for an LPWT equal to −5 °C during the ripening stage only (last 30 days of growing season, when rice is less sensitive to temperature variations) and −2 °C over the whole growing season, respectively. LPWT affects CH4 emissions either directly (decreasing methanogenic activity), indirectly (decreasing activity of bacteria using alternative electron acceptors), or both. The encouraging results provide the theoretical ground for further laboratory and field studies aimed to investigate the LPWT feasibility in paddy environments.
Équipements pour le conditionnement de la biomasse organique à l’aide de rayonnements électromagnétiques micro-ondes

Number_reference_aid_programme: SA.4147(2015/X) Objet de l’aide publique: Article 25 du règlement (CE) no 651/2014 du 17 juin 2014 déclarant certaines catégories d’aides compatibles avec le marché intérieur dans l’application des articles 107 et 108 du traité C’est tout. UE L 187/1 du 26.6.2014). L’objectif du projet est de développer et de mettre en œuvre la technologie de prétraitement de la biomasse avant le processus de biogazage sous la forme d’un dispositif innovant — désintégrateur micro-ondes. LE DÉSINTÉGRATEUR DE BIOMASSE SERA LE PREMIER DISPOSITIF SUR LE MARCHÉ À COMBINER LE DÉCHIQUETAGE MÉCANIQUE AVEC LE PROCESSUS DE DESTRUCTION HYDROTHERMALE DES STRUCTURES VÉGÉTALES À L’AIDE DU RAYONNEMENT MICRO-ONDES. Les objectifs spécifiques du projet sont les suivants: — détermination de l’efficacité du désintégrateur de biomasse micro-ondes à l’aide de divers types de substrats organiques, — détermination de l’efficacité de la production de biogaz à partir de substrats soumis à la désintégration, détermination des dépenses énergétiques nécessaires à la désintégration, caractérisation des substrats avant et après la désintégration, — adaptation du désintégrateur à la coopération avec l’usine de biogaz et détermination de son efficacité cible Le projet sera basé sur les résultats des recherches fondamentales menées dans le cadre du projet de base par le département de génie environnemental de l’Université de Warmia Mazury à Olsztyn. Les résultats obtenus sont à la base d’autres travaux de R & D visant à développer la technologie de prétraitement de la biomasse lignocellulosique et ses essais dans les conditions d’une usine de biogaz agricole pilote. Le projet répond aux besoins des clients potentiels — les usines de biogaz en termes d’augmentation de leur efficacité en choisissant la méthode optimale de préparation préliminaire des matières premières. La nouvelle technologie permettra: — améliorer l’efficacité de la production de biogaz de 25 % par rapport aux solutions conventionnelles, — augmenter la part du méthane à haute énergie de 6 %, — augmenter le niveau de minéralisation du digestat de 3 %.
Establishing Assessment Scales Using a Novel Disciplinary Rationale for Scientific Reasoning

The article argues that science assessment should change from an item-driven to a construct-driven practice and pay more attention to disciplinary scientific reasoning. It investigates assessment scales developed from a novel theoretical rationale, describing scientific reasoning as three fundamental practices (hypothesizing, experimenting, and evidence evaluation) and building on three types of knowledge (science content knowledge, procedural knowledge, and epistemic knowledge). The scale development follows a construct-driven approach by, first, detailing the knowledge involved and explaining progression; and second, operationalizing the theoretical construct into items and score criteria. The scales are trialled in a small-scale study. The outcome is a coherent and supportive validity argument for two sub-scales, but with a suggestion that merging these into one scale has higher validity. The main implication is rewriting rationales for many science assessments, including TIMSS, which emphasises domain-general reasoning, and NAEP and PISA, which pay attention to domain-specific reasoning but are unclear about the knowledge involved.
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CUTTING NOODLE

A noodle strand cutting apparatus for cutting gelatinized noodle strands used in manufacturing of instant noodles is provided with: a conveyer for conveying at least one bundle of the gelatinized noodle strands; and a rotary cutter arranged above the conveyer and intended to cut, to a predetermined length, the at least one bundle of the gelatinized noodle strands conveyed on the conveyer in a substantially horizontal direction. The rotary cutter is provided with a plurality of blades that extend side by side with a rotational axis in radial directions around the rotational axis, the plurality of blades being spaced from each other in a circumferential direction by predetermined intervals.
Obstructive sleep apnea and the risk of preterm delivery

The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to preterm delivery (PTD), using the Berlin Questionnaire (BQ).This was a large, prospective cohort study among pregnant Thai women. The BQ was employed for symptom-based OSA screening during the second trimester, and PTD was recorded in 1345 pregnant women. Multivariate models were applied in controlling for potential confounders.The overall prevalence of the high risk of OSA was 10.1 %, and it was significantly associated with pre-pregnancy body mass index and score on the Perceived Stress Scale. An adjusted odds ratio for PTD in women with a high risk of OSA was 2.00 (95 % confidence intervals (CIs) = 1.20, 3.34). Stratified analyses, after adjusting for confounding factors, indicated that a high risk of OSA was associated with an increased risk of spontaneous preterm delivery (odds ratio (OR) = 2.45, 95 % CI = 1.20, 5.02), but not with preterm premature rupture of membranes (OR = 1.61, 95 % CI = 0.61, 4.26), and medically indicated preterm delivery (OR = 1.83, 95 % CI = 0.72, 4.64).Pregnant women with a high risk of OSA are at an increased risk of having PTD, compared with pregnant women with a low risk of OSA.
Transformation of kraft lignin into a biodegradable biopolymer

RenFuel, a Swedish SME which has developed a drop-in biofuel, Lignol, from kraft lignin, has now developed a process for transforming lignin into a biopolymer, Renol. Renol, a biodegradable biopolymer with strong material properties, represents an alternative to many plastics, such as polystyrene (PS), which are associated with serious environmental and health issues.

Growing concerns regarding the problem of plastic in our oceans is leading to legislation banning certain plastics and driving demand from brand owners for replacement products. Starch based bioplastics, already available in the market, are limited in terms of applications as they are not water resistant. Renol, in contrast, can be used in a wide range of applications and in fact offers superior material qualities to some fossil-based polymers (e.g. mechanical strength, UV stability and fire-resistance). It is suitable for use in products which must be durable while in use, but, unlike most plastic, it will degrade (in a compostable environment) when no longer needed.

Kraft lignin is a waste product of kraft pulping (widely used for the manufacture of pulp and paper). RenFuel's solution offers to add value to lignin waste - thus representing a circular solution to the plastics pollution problem.  Lignin raw material is widely available in the pulp industry, in sufficient volumes to hypothetically replace a significant percentage of the fossil fuels used in the global plastics market.

RenFuel's business model involves the sale of Renol in pellet form to compounders, for mixing with existing (fossil-based) polymers to manufacture an end plastic product with a percentage of biodegrability - and potentially also add other valuable properties.

In the Phase I project, RenFuel will identify high value niche markets for biopolymer pellets, to enter initially into low volume processing (several thousand tons). Longer term, in higher volume production, it aims to compete directly in bulk plastics mar
Diretriz da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia sobre Diagnóstico e Tratamento de Pacientes com Cardiomiopatia da Doença de Chagas

Esta diretriz teve como objetivo principal atualizar os conceitos e formular as normas de conduta e evidências científicas que as suportam, quanto ao diagnóstico e tratamento da CDC, com especial ênfase na base de racionalidade que a embasou.&#x0D; A DC no século XXI mantém padrão epidemiológico de endemicidade em 21 países da América Latina. Investigadores e gestores de países endêmicos e não endêmicos indigitam a necessidade de se adotarem políticas abrangentes, de saúde pública, para controle eficaz da transmissão inter-humanos da infecção pelo T. cruzi, e obter-se nível otimizado de atendimento aos indivíduos já infectados, com foco em oportunização diagnóstica e terapêutica.&#x0D; Mecanismos patogênicos e fisiopatológicos da CDC foram revisitados após atualização aprofundada e ficou bem consolidada a noção de que necrose e fibrose sejam estimuladas pela persistência parasitária tissular e reação imune adversa, como mecanismos fundamentais, coadjuvados por distúrbios autonômicos e microvasculares. Alguns deles recentemente constituíram alvos potenciais de terapêuticas.&#x0D; A história natural das fases aguda e crônica foi revista, com realce para a transmissão oral, a forma indeterminada e as síndromes crônicas. Metanálises recentes de estudos observacionais estimaram o risco de evolução a partir das formas aguda e indeterminada e de mortalidade após instalação da cardiomiopatia crônica. Condutas terapêuticas aplicáveis aos indivíduos com a FIDC foram abordadas especificamente. Todos os métodos para detectar alterações estruturais e/ou funcionais com variadas técnicas de imageamento cardíaco também foram revisados, com recomendações de uso nos vários cenários clínicos. Estratificação de risco de mortalidade fundamentada no escore de Rassi, com estudos recentes de sua aplicação, foi complementada por métodos que detectam fibrose miocárdica.&#x0D; A metodologia atual para diagnóstico etiológico e as consequentes implicações do tratamento tripanossomicida mereceram enfoque abrangente e aprofundado. Também o tratamento de pacientes em risco ou com insuficiência cardíaca, arritmias e eventos tromboembólicos, baseado em recursos farmacológicos e complementares, recebeu especial atenção. Capítulos suplementares subsidiaram as condutas aplicáveis a diversos contextos especiais, entre eles o da co-infecção por T. cruzi/HIV, risco durante cirurgias, em grávidas, na reativação da infecção após transplante cardíacos, e outros. &#x0D; Por fim, dois capítulos de grande significado social, abordando a estruturação de serviços especializados para atendimento aos indivíduos com a CDC, e revisando os conceitos de cardiopatia grave e suas implicações médico-trabalhistas completaram esta diretriz.
Integrated airport operations


This project PJ28 which is part of the SESAR 2020 Multi annual Program (S2020 MAWP) for the period 2016-2019, will demonstrate the benefits that specific promising SESAR solutions will bring in a large and two mid-size airports, where traffic congestion daily takes place during the peak season and where new SESAR solutions are expected to assist controllers in their duty. PJ28 proposal addresses the topic “Integrated Airport Operations” with the topic identifier “SESAR.IR-VLD.Wave1-28-2015” as stated in the 2020 MAWP Cluster D.1 High Performing Airport Operations (pages 500-507). 

As being part of the Very Large Scale Demonstrations in the Industrial Research & Validation phase, developed under the SJU Private Public Partnership SESAR2020) the objective of PJ28 is perform Very Large Scale Demonstrations (VLD) addressing airport related topics with V3 maturity in SESAR1. In detail, this PJ28 proposal focusses on four Air Traffic Management (ATM) sub-functionalities requested by the Pilot Common Project (PCP Commission Implementation Regulation IR N° 716/2014), all part of ATM Functionality #2 – Airport Integration and Throughput (AF#2) and it will conduct these in a close to operational environment. Doing so, PJ28 will play an active role in the de-risking of the later deployment phase by demonstrating the operational and technical readiness of the SESAR solutions covered in this project and thus ensure trust in the SESAR results.

Those four functionalities aim at:
• Improving airport safety;
• Improving runway throughput;
• Reducing fuel consumption;
• Reducing overall delays on the airport; and
• Improving airport capacity.

The following sub-functionalities will be implemented in dedicated demonstration platforms:
• Departure Management Synchronised with Pre-departure sequencing.
• Departure Management integrating Surface Management Constraints.
• Automated Assistance to Controller for Surface Movement Planning and Routing.
• Airport Safety Nets.
THE CHALLENGES OF KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER INTO POLICYMAKING. PRACTICES AND PERSPECTIVES IN ROMANIA

Focusing on the current situation of research in Romania, the aim of this paper is to present several factors that emerge from the process of transferring knowledge into practice at a national level. Presenting and analyzing these potential factors is seen as a way of understanding whether research outcomes are taken into consideration when it comes to the development of educational policies. Results show that in terms of financial factors the Romanian research system is characterized by having a poor level of financing, because the demand for research and development and innovation (RDI) is low and has little or no connection with both the business sector and the public sector. When discussing about the political factor the main aspect is related to the quality of governance that is determined by the administrative capacity, which is still rather weak in comparison to other European countries. Furthermore, an analysis of the research projects funded in the educational sector in the last 5 years in Romania is presented in order to create a picture of how much has been done in Romania when it comes to the development of research outcomes that will later be used to support future educational policy.
In situ and operando nanocatalysis: size, shape and chemical state effects

Tailoring the chemical reactivity of nanomaterials at the atomic level is one of the most important challenges in catalysis research. In order to achieve this elusive goal, fundamental understanding of the structural and chemical properties of these complex systems must be obtained. Numerous studies have been devoted to understanding the properties that affect the catalytic performance of metal nanoparticles (NPs) such as their size, interaction with the support, and chemical state. The role played by the NP shape on catalytic performance is, however, less understood. Complicating the analysis is the fact that the former parameters cannot be considered independently, since the NP size as well as the support will have an impact on the most stable NP shapes. In addition, the dynamic nature of the NP catalysts and their response to the environment must be taken into consideration, since the working state of a NP catalyst might not be the state in which the catalyst was prepared, but rather a structural and/or chemical isomer that adapted to the particular reaction conditions. To address the complexity of real-world catalysts, a synergistic approach taking advantage of a variety of cutting-edge experimental methods must be undertaken. 
This project focuses on model heterogeneous catalysts for reactions of tremendous societal and industrial relevance, namely the gas-phase hydrogenation and electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. Important components that are missing from existing studies, and that we propose to contribute, are a systematic design of catalytically active model NPs with narrow size and shape distributions and tunable oxidation state, and in situ and operando structural, chemical, and reactivity characterization of such model catalysts as a function of the reaction environment. The results are expected to open up new routes for the reutilization of CO2 through its direct conversion into valuable chemicals and fuels such as methanol, methane and ethylene.