SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Decay process of free residual chlorine concentration affected by travel time in water distribution systems

Chlorination is the most widely used method for disinfecting water for human consumption. While the chlorinated water travels through a distribution system, the concentration of free residual chlorine (FRC) declines depending on the natural water characteristics. This study investigated FRC decay in two types of water sources – ground and surface water – with varied concentrations of organic compounds. The travel time variable depended on water consumption patterns of both distribution systems which attend low density populations and their initial project needs. Based on mathematical simulation techniques of water quality models, the study also investigated the effects of water temperature and total organic carbon (TOC) on the kinetic constants (kb) of chlorine decay. Results show that travel time in the most critical locations in the water networks and the minimum disinfectant concentrations required at the entry points were 40 hours and 0.27-0.28 mg L-1 at Vale dos Pássaros housing complex, and 144 hours and 0.30-0.36 mg L-1 at Terras Alphaville housing complex.&#x0D; Keywords: disinfection, TOC, water quality.
SP-0008: Clinical validation of autocontouring tools

not received SP-0011 Austron origin of today's ion beam setting in Europe R. Potter Medical University of Vienna, Department of Radiation Oncology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Medical Research in Radiation Oncology, Vienna, Austria In today’s radiation oncology practice, particle beam therapy with protons and/or light ions is considered as a highly innovative and promising dose delivery method. Several cyclotron based proton centers are in clinical operation in Europe and worldwide. However, for accelerating light ions for medical purposes the (accelerator) physics community preferred a synchrotron based solution. Light ions such as carbon ions offer the advantage of a higher biological effectiveness -
Advanced Methods of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Modeling

Fuel cells are widely regarded as the future of the power and transportation industries. Intensive research in this area now requires new methods of fuel cell operation modeling and cell design. Typical mathematical models are based on the physical process description of fuel cells and require a detailed knowledge of the microscopic properties that govern both chemical and electrochemical reactions. Advanced Methods of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Modeling proposes the alternative methodology of generalized artificial neural networks (ANN) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) modeling. Advanced Methods of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Modeling provides a comprehensive description of modern fuel cell theory and a guide to the mathematical modeling of SOFCs, with particular emphasis on the use of ANNs. Up to now, most of the equations involved in SOFC models have required the addition of numerous factors that are difficult to determine. The artificial neural network (ANN) can be applied to simulate an objects behavior without an algorithmic solution, merely by utilizing available experimental data. The ANN methodology discussed in Advanced Methods of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Modeling can be used by both researchers and professionals to optimize SOFC design. Readers will have access to detailed material on universal fuel cell modeling and design process optimization, and will also be able to discover comprehensive information on fuel cells and artificial intelligence theory.
A unified enhanced particle swarm optimization-based virtual network embedding algorithm

SUMMARY

Virtual network (VN) embedding is a major challenge in network virtualization. In this paper, we aim to increase the acceptance ratio of VNs and the revenue of infrastructure providers by optimizing VN embedding costs. We first establish two models for VN embedding: an integer linear programming model for a substrate network that does not support path splitting and a mixed integer programming model when path splitting is supported. Then we propose a unified enhanced particle swarm optimization-based VN embedding algorithm, called VNE-UEPSO, to solve these two models irrespective of the support for path splitting. In VNE-UEPSO, the parameters and operations of the particles are well redefined according to the VN embedding context. To reduce the time complexity of the link mapping stage, we use shortest path algorithm for link mapping when path splitting is unsupported and propose greedy k-shortest paths algorithm for the other case. Furthermore, a large to large and small to small preferred node mapping strategy is proposed to achieve better convergence and load balance of the substrate network. The simulation results show that our algorithm significantly outperforms previous approaches in terms of the VN acceptance ratio and long-term average revenue. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The uncharted brain territory - the (pre)supplementary motor area and its role in language cognitive control in health and neurodegeneration

The function of white matter networks of the human brain is a key inquiry of contemporary neuroscience. Initial observations suggest that damage to the white matter system connecting the pre-supplementary and supplementary motor areas ((pre)SMA) with frontal cortices and caudate nuclei may impair both language and cognition. However, it is unclear which exact cognitive mechanisms are compromised and if specific projections of this network obey to a division of labor. Providing this knowledge is of the utmost importance for a variety of neurological populations, but especially for Huntington´s Disease (HD) - a rare genetic disease that represents a neurodegeneration model, with alterations in both (pre)SMA system and language/cognitive difficulties. PreSMAcog proposes a multidisciplinary, precise description of the (pre)SMA system. To achieve this, I will (1) provide a neuroanatomical characterization of the system using structural neuroimaging techniques (diffusion tensor imaging) and laboratory dissections in both HD and healthy individuals, (2) explore the links between structural properties of the (pre)SMA system and cognition and (3) design a sensitive tele-assessment of language and cognition in HD. I will conduct this research in Barcelona joining a team of ultimate experts in neuroimaging and language/cognitive neuroscience with long-standing experience in HD research. Furthermore, I will implement, for the first time in HD, an innovative brain connectivity mapping technique supervised by its pioneer (secondment in Oxford). PreSMAcog will enhance my current expertise leading me towards independence in multidisciplinary neuroscience research and academic leadership. The synergy between four major disciplines of neuroscience (neuroanatomy, language/cognitive neuroscience, neuroimaging, and neuropsychology) and between two excellent academic centers will allow to precisely describe the (pre)SMA system and to understand its role in cognition in health and HD.
Biological Effects Due to Hypomagnetic Field and Its Research Progress

The biological effects due to hypomagnetic field (HMF) is a very important subject for aerospace travelling and space station living, and a large number of studies on the bioeffects of the HMF have been carried out; however, many essential problems, such as physical mechanism, the harmful for human beings and other living organism of the biological effects, are still remaining unknown. In order to promote the solution to these problems, we assembled, classified and analyzed the studies on the biological effects due to the HMF. About one of the essential problem, i.e. the physical mechanism of the biological effects of HMF, we think that the yield of the singlet spin state of the radical pair theory
The Beginnings of Education and Training for Delivering Physical Education Classes in Croatia – 140 Years of Tradition

The aim of this research is to analyze the activities and events preceding and enabling to establish system of education and training of personnel for delivering physical education (PE) classes in Croatia after the introduction of obligatory PE classes in the Croatian education system in 1874. The archival materials, mostly unprocessed until now, of the Croatian State Archives, the Croatian Sports Museum and the National and University Library in Zagreb were used. The beginnings of education of PE professionals in Croatia are related to the introduction of PE as an obligatory subject into the elementary school curricula in the Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia in 1874. Until then PE teaching was mainly optional and delivered by foreign gymnastic teachers (Germans, Austrians, Czechs), who implemented the principles of the German and later Czech gymnastic system. Most of the other teachers in the elementary schools, however, did not have even a minimal knowledge for conducting PE classes nor was there any reference or literature from which they could attain basic knowledge of the prescribed PE curriculum. We recognized two parallel systems of training introduced in 1875. First system was short training courses for the elementary school teachers that already taught at the schools. Second was the introduction of Gymnastic as an obligatory course/subject at the teachers training colleges. Twenty years after the obligatory PE classes had been introduced into the Croatian schools, Franjo Bucar (1866-1946), after he had returned from his two-year education at the Royal Central Gymnastic College in Stockholm (Sweden), organized and managed a two-year Course for the Secondary School Gymnastic Teachers (1894-1896). In fact, it was the first high school (college) for PE in Croatia and in this region of Europe. The curriculum and syllabus, devised by Franjo Bucar, were modern and comparable to any curriculum of the most popular European schools of that time. In the three-semester course thirty attenders (one woman among them – Ivana Hirschmann) took 16 theoretical and practical course subjects. The beginnings of education and training of personnel for conducting PE classes in Croatia was very important not only for the development of PE but also for the development of sports and exercise movement in Croatia. However, all activities regarding education and training for PE was also powerfully influenced by political circumstances in the 19th century Croatia.
Accelerating the path towards physical internet

Results from a simulation experiment with top retailers Carrefour and Casino in France and their 100 top suppliers moving from actual practice to a “Physical Internet Model” showed a potential economic benefit of 32%, a 60% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and a potential of 50% of volume shifted from road to rail. 
Accelerating the Path Towards Physical Internet -SENSE-  project strategic objective is to accelerate the path towards the Physical Internet (PI), so advanced pilot implementations of the PI concept are well functioning and extended in industry practice by 2030, and hence contributing to at least 30 % reduction in congestion, emissions and energy consumption.
To that end, SENSE aims to increase the level of understanding of PI concept and the opportunities that brings to transport and logistics. By building stronger and wider support of industry, public bodies and research worlds towards the PI we may reach consensus and enable coordinated strategic public and private investments in research and innovation embracing Physical Internet that could lead us to a new much more efficient and sustainable paradigm.
SENSE will: 1) enhance, and stabilize a solid framework for industry, research and public bodies to share advances, barriers, opportunities and best practices regarding Physical Internet implementation, 2) build awareness and raise wide consensus on the Detailed Roadmap towards the Physical Internet developed in the frame of the project, 3) Create The Reference Knowledge Platform so the Physical Internet Community has access to recent developments including: PI implementation cases assessment, industry programs and activities, related start-ups, research and innovation projects, public initiatives and programs and last, but not least, 4) assist and support Industry, European Commission, Member States and Regional Governments in the process of defining high impact research policies to fast track to Physical Internet.
Innovative self-controlling biomass gasification technology to improve the biogas efficiency achieving a top quality syngas

Legno Energia Srl is an Italian company dedicated to the production and supply of electricity and thermal energy for a target market with low power installations. Legno, in order to improve the current gasification technology, has developed an innovative wood gasification plant which enables very low tar production and thus an easy and high efficient process of syngas (23-24 %). After implementing some improvements in the roasting stage and in the oxidizing process, and adjusting the PLC control system, Legno has designed and developed, within this project, a pilot system, EFIGAS, able to produce, in a stable way, and transforming different kind of waste, including agricultural and industrial residues, a good quality highly calorific syngas with very low content of tar (<0.3 g/Nm3), achieving a higher efficiency (28-30%) with a very competitive price. The increasing trend of the bioenergy market, which is expected to get 231.98 bn€ by 2024, eases EFIGAS to enter the market, expecting an accumulated profit of 18 M€ during the first 5 years. This innovative gasification technology will access target sectors such as small heating and electricity networks, mainly rural areas where the vast biomass resource can be exploited and where they can make up for the absence of grid electricity supply. In addition, EFIGAS will save approximately 27.51 tons of CO2 to the environment during the first 5 years in the market. Therefore, this innovative system, EFIGAS, can replace conventional biomass gasification technologies and contributes to achieve the European 2020-targets related to the increase of energy consumption produced from renewable sources, the improvement in the EU’s energy efficiency and the reduction in EU greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, EFIGAS boosts Europe’s transition towards a circular economy as it is framed in the Waste to Energy sector, encouraging global competitiveness and sustainable economic growth.
Diseño de integración de los sistemas de gestión de seguridad física y calidad al sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud modelo Ecuador, con enfoque a una cadena de supermercados.

In the Supermarket Chain, on which the present study was designed, the concept of security was managed through a general approach and limited only to physical security. The era of the standardization of managerial business systems in which we are immersed and the need to manage those systems in an effective and coordinated way in order to take advantage of the resources, puts nowadays the concept of integration.
This document describes the analysis of the elements of safety and health, quality and physical safety systems in order to design an integrated system through a software tool that operates in real time and assists to the effectiveness and efficiency of all the operations in the company.
The work was done in all areas of the company with the support of people involved, and is based on the systems of health and safety management Model Ecuador. A comparative analysis of all the four pillars of this system versus the management systems in physical safety and quality was conducted.
The results were that the elements of the technical management in each system are unique; the elements of the administrative management, human skills and operational processes are mostly integrated, but in several cases it is necessary to develop and document them.
In conclusion this study identified activities and processes that are compatible, complementary and particular, associated with health and safety, quality and physical safety management, allowing design an integrated management system.
Redefining variability: evaluating land use and transport impacts on urban mobility patterns

Urban mobility analysis, advanced by the emerging fine-granularity location data (e.g. smart card data, mobile phone data and social media data), has received significant attention in recent years. It has become an important subject for understanding the functionality, ever-increasing dynamism and complexity of urban space. realTRIPS aims to open a new avenue of research in urban mobility analysis using emerging automatic data by developing an analytical and modelling framework, particularly addressing variability across spatial-temporal scales. I argue that the variability of urban mobility should not be simply interpreted as a number of errors, but indicators of changes in regular human behaviours impacted by land use and transport at different scales. A deeper understanding of variability and regularity would contribute to a more accurate prediction of urban development scenarios. The relevant theories and measures on variability have been long-researched in spatial statistics, but not well applied to the context of urban mobility studies. The proposed framework will take advantage of the research progress in multi-disciplines and leverage key concepts from uncertainty in spatial analysis, time geography, and land use transport planning. Under such framework, variability will be measured in mobility patterns and integrated as a function of space and time into operational urban models for predicting impact of land use and transport on people’s travel and location choices at different spatiotemporal scales. Case studies presenting typical urban contexts (i.e. London, Shenzhen, Nairobi) will be explored to demonstrate the feasibility and generic applicability of the theory, analytical methods and urban models.
CONTRIBUCIÓN DE LOS ECOSISTEMAS ALTOANDINOS EN LA PROVISIÓN DEL SERVICIO ECOSISTÉMICO DE REGULACIÓN HÍDRICA

El servicio ecosistémico de regulación hídrica es uno de los más importantes que ofrecen los ecosistemas altoandinos. Sin embargo, el conocimiento sobre su aporte en términos hídricos es aún escaso y su estimación difícil, debido a los complejos procesos eco-hidrológicos, climáticos y características ambientales de los Andes. Por ello, se estimó la influencia de tres tipos de ecosistemas (pajonal de puna húmeda, bofedal y bosque de Polylepis) sobre flujos de agua, particularmente los flujos que se dirigen hacia el almacenamiento subterráneo, que equivalen al servicio ecosistémico de regulación hídrica. Dicho estudio se desarrolló durante el año hidrológico 2018 - 2019 en la unidad hidrográfica de Rontoccocha, entre los 3 900 a 4 635 msnm, en el Departamento de Apurímac, Perú. Para ello se modeló el balance hídrico por cada tipo de ecosistema con la herramienta eco-hidrológica Hydrobal. Se usaron variables de: a) vegetación, b) parámetros climáticos y c) características del suelo. Los resultados revelan el aporte de la cobertura vegetal en la regulación hídrica. En cada ecosistema, cerca del 15% de toda la lluvia que precipita en la cuenca logra llegar al almacenamiento subterráneo. Dichos datos extrapolados a toda la unidad hidrográfica, muestran que el pajonal de puna húmeda regula el 80%, el bofedal el 17% y el bosque de Polylepis el 3%. A pesar de que la evaluación se realizó por separado para cada ecosistema, para fines de gestión, es necesario abordarlo de manera integral dado que entre ellos se establecen relaciones de interdependencia.
The Investment Strategy of Taiwan Futures Market after Quantitative Easing Monetary Policy

After the financial crisis in 2008, US Federal Reserve adopted quantitative easing monetary policy to boost the US economy. However, the hot money made tremendous shocks in financial markets. After 2015, the US job market stabilized and the Fed ended the QE and started raising interest rates. The aim of this study is to show that institutional investors affect TAIEX futures through MSCI Taiwan Index Futures, and consequently affect Taiwan 50 ETF. This study incorporates the price spread of TAIEX futures and MSCI Taiwan Index Futures in the model to conduct backtesting using program trading. This can help us determine if the mean reversion model is better than the contrarian model and the momentum model. The results show that the mean reversion model has higher profits and stabilities than the contrarian and momentum models. The results suggest that incorporating the price spread of TAIEX futures and MSCI Taiwan Index Futures and utilizing the mean reversion property of behavioral finance can enhance trading performance.
Shuttle catalysis for reversible molecular construction

Homogeneous catalysis is one of the pillars of modern chemical synthesis because it enables the sustainable preparation of molecules that find applications in medicinal chemistry, agrochemistry, and materials science. However, many catalytic reactions use hazardous reagents, are unpractical on laboratory-scale or limited in scope. Moreover, while a relatively broad set of catalytic reactions are available to construct chemical bonds, methods to cleave those, which could find applications in biomass and waste valorization, are rare.  
Inspired by the synthetic power of other metal-catalyzed reversible reactions, such as transfer hydrogenation and alkene metathesis, I herein describe a groundbreaking approach to homogeneous catalysis that makes use of a novel paradigm called “shuttle catalysis”, defined as the catalytic reversible transfer of chemical moieties between two molecules, to construct and deconstruct organic compounds. The first part of the proposal describes the invention of reversible catalytic functionalization reactions of alkenes following this principle. The second part addresses the challenge of developing safer catalytic carbonylation and decarbonylation reactions that do not use nor release toxic carbon monoxide gas. Finally, the last part proposes to apply the shuttle catalysis concept to the invention of unprecedented C–X (X = P, O, S, N) bond metathesis reactions. This new approach to catalysis has the potential to revolutionize the preparation, and streamline the discovery, of numerous important molecules with applications across the molecular sciences. Importantly, in order to mitigate the high risks inherent to such a groundbreaking approach, we have collected preliminary results to demonstrate the feasibility of each of the proposed subprojects.