SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Expanding Our Perspectives on Entrepreneurship Research

Entrepreneurship is a crucial yet disorderly and complicated social process. Scholars in this issue call on us to broaden our theories and expand our methodologies in our search for an enhanced understanding of entrepreneurship. In the lead piece, Nobel Laureate Ronald Coase and his co-author Ning Wang conclude that price theory is primarily concerned with resource allocation but says a little about innovation. In another thought-provoking editorial „Heroes, Villains, and Fools...“, Howard Aldrich suggests that the application of institutional theory to entrepreneurship must focus on institutional constraints to the process of organizational emergence. Robert Strom, in „Seeing Opportunities in Entrepreneurship Research...“, squarely confronts the data quality and availability in advancing entrepreneurship research. The three competitive research articles expand our research perspectives by: 1) comparing the barriers to startup creation in thirty-six countries and finding evidence that China and the U.S., while ranked the highest in terms of nascent entrepreneurial activities, have the toughest regulatory environments for entrepreneurs; 2) examining state bankruptcy laws and finding that more generous laws are associated with increased levels of replicative entrepreneurship but lower levels of innovative entrepreneurship; and 3) examining how and when corporate and banking ties can help venture-backed firms with initial public offerings.
LOW WATTAGE FLUORESCENT LAMP

A low-wattage mercury lamp (figure 1) is provided for use with existing 110V high frequency electronic ballasts. The lamp has a discharge sustain fill (22) of mercury and an inert gas mixture of krypton and argon that does not require a starting aid. The phosphor layer (16) has a coating weight of 2.0-3.9 mg/cm<2>.
Methodology for innovative eco-design based on TRIZ

In the context of product innovation, the environmental dimension takes a new dimension and can not be separated from other product requirements which make it competitive. Many tools are available but not widely used by companies. In the present work we have adopted an approach using a qualitative evaluation matrix including parameters related to the ease of use of the product related to the organizational preparation for the appropriation of an eco-design approach, in addition to the standard factors of eco-efficiency. In order to help the designer to make a decision, an adapted TRIZ method is proposed (Teoria Rechenia Izobretatelskikh Zadatch or theory of inventive problem solving). The applicability of this method is justified by the many contradictions in the choices in a study of the life cycle and can help designers and companies to choose an approach to attain a satisfying level of eco-design for the resources invested in it. An application, based on inventive principles, will be adapted and completed.This matrix can help the designer to reduce the scope of his creative investigations. Verification of the results was made by application to various situations of patents published in eco-design and monitoring of student teams that meet the challenges presented during the competition “24 Hours of innovation.”
Functional expression of milligram quantities of the synthetic human serotonin transporter gene in a tetracycline-inducible HEK293 cell line

The serotonin transporter (SERT), a member of the solute carrier 6 family, is responsible for reuptake of the monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) from the synaptic cleft on the neural cells, and a vital target for several antidepressants. To investigate biophysical studies of this pharmacologically relevant transporter, we developed a mammalian expression system with tetracycline-inducible HEK293 cells using synthetic human SERT genes produced by PCR-based self-assembly method. Codon-optimization of this de novo constructed genes and construction of stable cell lines improved expression 3.5-fold and single-step immunoaffinity purification with FLAG-epitope tag yielded around one milligram functional SERT per liter culture medium assessed by [(3)H] imipramine ligand binding. Some characterizations including electrospray ionization MS/MS analysis, subcellular localization and cellular-uptake assay demonstrated that expressed human SERT was properly expressed, folded and fully functional. The long cytosolic N-terminal of SERT was predicted as containing 'intrinsically disordered region (IDR)' (∼85 residues) by DISOPRED2 program. We engineered this salient region by step-wise truncation and ligand binding assay determined that dissociation constant for a series of de novo designed truncation constructs was close to the one for full-length wild type SERT. Our expression platform using synthetic codon-optimized gene and mammalian stable cell lines is feasible to produce milligram-scale functional membrane transporter for further biophysical and biochemical studies.
A study of Canada's merchant marine post-secondary education and training regulatory requirements for merchant marine crew

This study examined merchant marine engineering education and training in Canada, its regulatory requirements related to Transport Canada Marine Safety (TC) and Canadian merchant marine training colleges' role in satisfying the employment demands for workers in the Canadian maritime industry. Using a geographical cluster method, Canada was sectioned into four geographical sectors, Atlantic Seaboard, Great Lakes, Pacific coast and Arctic. Specific Canadian marine engineer certification requirements were utilized as a base for (n=20) surveys distributed using three mail-out questionnaires. These were supplemented by telephone and personal interviews. -- TC Examiners (n=4), one in each of the four geographic sectors identified highest priority regulatory requirements for certification as a marine engineer officer. Canadian owned marine crew companies (n=8) distributed among differing maritime industry sectors identified specific desired marine engineer crew skill sets. TC trainers (n = 8) from marine engineer colleges identified mission, goals, curriculum and course design. All who participated in this study were provided with the opportunity to comment on marine engineer education and training-related issues. -- There were no significant differences found among the views of TC Examiner Offices nation-wide. Differences were identified amongst the views of employers of TC engineers for the Atlantic offshore industry, Great Lakes bulk cargo and Pacific coast passenger ferry/cruise ship industries. The study also identified the nature of practical training most appropriate to the needs of sea-going engineer officers in general. Employers across Canada provided many views regarding specific marine engineer staffing needs. Canadian marine college goals, mission statements, curriculum and course design varied according to the sector of the marine industry they served. -- This study concluded with the following recommendations regarding the nature of training and recruiting of trainees: -- • Increase trainer familiarity with the Canada Shipping Act 2001 and the International Convention for Training and Certification of Watch-keepers (ISTCW). -- • Increase recruiting of marine engineer learners. -- • Increase Canadian employer investment in comprehensive marine engineer training. -- • Increase emphasis on quality practical sea training. -- Increased cooperation between colleges, employers and government to meet should contribute to benefit learners and maintain and build Canada's maritime industries.
The influence of system boundaries on life cycle assessment of grain production in central southeast Norway

Abstract This study assesses the environmental impacts from production of 1 kg barley, oat and spring wheat, in central southeast Norway by means of life cycle assessment. The results were given for twelve impact categories, selected based on relevance to the system. These categories are climate change, fossil depletion, freshwater ecotoxicity, freshwater eutrophication, human toxicity, marine ecotoxicity, marine eutrophication, ozone depletion, particulate matter formation, photochemical oxidant formation, terrestrial acidification and terrestrial ecotoxicity. The assessment covers processes from cradle to farm gate, including all farm activities related to grain cultivation, as well as the production and acquisition of machinery, equipments and buildings, diesel and oil, fertilizer, lime, seeds and pesticides. In order to reveal the importance of system boundaries, factors that are included in this study and often excluded in other studies, such as machinery manufacturing, buildings, pesticide production and use, humus mineralization and NO X loss from use of mineral fertilizer were systematically individually omitted. The sensitivity of the LCA results to several selected parameters governing greenhouse gas emissions and climate change (CC) was evaluated by varying the parameters ±50% of the default value. The assessment gave a CC impact of 0.79, 0.77 and 0.74 kg CO 2 -eq for production of 1 kg barley, oat and spring wheat, respectively. The choice of system boundaries were found to have great impact on the results, and CC impact was reduced by more than 40% when factors that are not commonly reported in literature were excluded. This clearly demonstrates the need of comprehensive documentation of system boundaries in order to perform meaningful comparisons of environmental impact caused by grain production under different conditions. The sensitivity analysis revealed that most of the impact categories were not particularly sensitive to the parameters selected. A 50% change in the emission factor for N 2 O emissions from N inputs had highest effect on CC with 11–13%. The highest overall impacts were found for the fraction of mineral fertilizer volatilized as NH 3 and NO X , with 32–53% change in photochemical oxidant and particular matter formation, and terrestrial acidification impact categories.
Dynamics of dikes versus cone sheets in volcanic systems

Swarms of hundreds to thousands of igneous sheet intrusions represent the main magma pathways through the Earth’s brittle crust. Igneous sheet intrusions of various shapes, such as dikes and cone sheets, coexist as parts of complex volcanic plumbing systems likely fed by common sources. How they form is fundamental regarding volcanic hazards, but yet no dynamic model simulates and predicts satisfactorily their diversity. Here we present scaled laboratory experiments that reproduced dike and cone sheet intrusion geometries under controlled conditions (Galland et al., 2014). The model rock is fine-grained, cohesive Coulomb crystalline silica flour. The model magma is a molten vegetable oil injected at constant flow rate. After the experiments, the oil solidifies and the intrusion is excavated to observe its shape.
Plan de negocios para la introducción del desengrasante Degry Speed BH de la empresa Lisolin S.A. en el nuevo segmento de mercado de estaciones de servicios a través de las comercializadoras que tienen su matriz en la ciudad de Guayaquil para el año 2019.

The company Lisolin SA is a company of national origin whose economic activity is the manufacture and marketing of cleaning chemicals for the industrial sector. The idea of introducing the Degry Speed BH degreaser into a new market for the company is proposed, as are the service stations in the city of Guayaquil that are served by their own marketers and thus expand their market niches and increase the sales of the degreaser that less turnover has in the industrial sector. This degreaser provides the characteristics and requirements that this new market requires, both in quality, performance, price and ecology. The following business plan shows the market study in which the degreaser is to be introduced in the city of Guayaquil, through field research and using the survey instrument it was possible to establish the needs and requirements of the distributors of fuel as well as the quantities that they consume and suppliers that supply them. With the compilation of this information the objective and the necessary strategies are established so that the interests of the company are fulfilled, such as the increase in sales of the degreaser and the introduction in a new market. It is established that one of the current vendors of the company attends this new market that wants to capture with the introduction of degreaser Degry Speed BH. For the implementation of this business plan will be financed in part with external contributions and another part with own resources of the company and this will be solved the working capital, administrative expenses and sales, production and distribution of the finished product. In the projection of financial statements and flows the results obtained are very favorable and the business plan is viable, having in the third year the recovery of the investment and a higher rate of return on the investment than if it were carried out in the financial system.
Bioinspired, biphasic and bipolar flow batteries with boosters for sustainable large-scale energy storage

To satisfy our growing energy demand while reducing reliance on fossil fuels, a switch to renewable energy sources is vital. The intermittent nature of the latter means innovations in energy storage technology is a key grand challenge. Cost and sustainability issues currently limit the widespread use of electrochemical energy storage technologies, such as lithium ion and redox flow batteries. As the scale for energy storage is simply enormous, the only option is to look for abundant materials. However, compounds that fulfil the extensive requirements entailed at low cost has yet to be reported. While it is possible that the holy grail of energy storage will be found, for example by advanced computational tools and machine learning to design “perfect” abundant molecules, a more flexible, innovative solution to sustainable and cost-effective large-scale energy storage is required. Bi3BoostFlowBat will develop game changing strategies to widen the choice of compounds utilizable for batteries to simultaneously satisfy the requirements for low cost, optimal redox potentials, high solubility and stability in all conditions. The aim of this project is to develop cost-efficient batteries by using solid boosters and by eliminating cross over. Two approaches will be pursued for cross-over elimination 1) bio-inspired polymer batteries, where cross-over of solubilized polymers is prevented by size-exclusion membranes and 2) biphasic emulsion flow batteries, where redox species are transferred to oil phase droplets upon charge. Third research direction focuses on systems to maintain a pH gradient, to allow operation of differential pH systems to improve the cell voltages. Limits of different approaches will be explored by taking an electrochemical engineering approach to model the performance of different systems and by validating the models experimentally. This work will chart the route towards the future third generation battery technologies for the large-scale energy storage.
Beleuchtungsvorrichtung für ein Fahrzeug

Eine Beleuchtungsvorrichtung für ein Fahrzeug kann aufweisen: eine Lichtquelle (100) zum Emittieren von in unterschiedliche Richtungen polarisierten Strahlen, einen Filter (200) zum Empfangen der polarisierten Strahlen, die von der Lichtquelle (100) emittiert werden, zum Reflektieren eines ersten der polarisierten Strahlen und zum Durchlassen eines zweiten der polarisierten Strahlen, einen reflektierenden Kondensor (300) zum Empfangen der polarisierten Strahlen von dem Filter (200) und zum Fokussieren der empfangenen polarisierten Strahlen auf einen Brennpunkt und einen Emitter (400), der an einem Pfad angeordnet ist, entlang dessen die polarisierten Strahlen, die von dem reflektierenden Kondensor (300) ausgehen, verlaufen, um fokussiert zu werden, so dass die empfangenen Strahlen als Licht einer vorgegebenen Farbe emittiert werden.
Seasonal variation of waste as effect of tourism

Blue Islands Project brings together 14 partners from 8 countries in a systematic effort to properly identify, address and mitigate the effects of the seasonal variation of waste generation on MED islands as an effect of tourism.
The issue has been a vexing problem for years but it has never before been approached methodically: The quantity and composition of waste generated over a twelve-month period on nine MED islands will be measured and the correlation between the quantified waste generated and both the number of tourists and the presence of litter in the coastal environment will be examined. At the same time, the existing waste management structure and followed respective practices will be assessed. Based on the report prepared from the results derived from all nine islands a multidimensional tool will be formulated, encompassing action plans, through which this common problematic phenomenon can most effectively be addressed. Over a following twelve-month period the tool will be implemented with selected action plans for each participating island, while the efficacy of each action plan will be evaluated.
Eventually, a final report entailing all derived data and experience will showcase the most efficient and successful ways to turn a difficult and burdensome issue for MED islands’ communities into a means fueling the establishment of circular economies while preserving and perpetuating sustainable tourism to the Mediterranean.
Beyond the Memory Wall: A Case for Memory-Centric HPC System for Deep Learning

As the models and the datasets to train deep learning (DL) models scale, system architects are faced with new challenges, one of which is the memory capacity bottleneck, where the limited physical memory inside the accelerator device constrains the algorithm that can be studied. We propose a memory-centric deep learning system that can transparently expand the memory capacity available to the accelerators while also providing fast inter-device communication for parallel training. Our proposal aggregates a pool of memory modules locally within the device-side interconnect, which are decoupled from the host interface and function as a vehicle for transparent memory capacity expansion. Compared to conventional systems, our proposal achieves an average 2.8x speedup on eight DL applications and increases the system-wide memory capacity to tens of TBs.
Enhancement of laser-driven betatron radiation

Betatron radiation from the transverse oscillation of laser-wakefield accelerated electrons is very promising for a wide range of applications. Currently, the main limitation of this radiation source is the x-ray photon yield. We present our recent progress in achieving higher photon flux using a clustering gas target instead of the normal gas jet, leading to a 10-fold enhancement. Moreover, we observed monoenergetic electron beams and bright x-rays simultaneously, an occurrence which is considered contradictory, and succeeded in using the betatron radiation as a probe in the evolution of bubble dynamics. These breakthroughs are of great significance for pushing the use of betatron radiation source toward new applications. (C) 2015 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MONITORING THE LEVELNESS OF A MULTI-WING AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT

A system for monitoring the levelness of a multi-wing agricultural implement may include a central frame section, a wing section pivotably coupled to the central frame section and a field contour sensor configured to generate data indicative of a contour of an aft portion of the field located rearward of the implement relative to a direction of travel of the implement. The system may further include a controller communicatively coupled to the field contour sensor. The controller may be configured to monitor the data received from the field contour sensor and assess a levelness of the implement based at least in part on the contour of the aft portion of the field.
Joint compressed estimation of delay-AOA information for MIMO channels

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO), one of the key techniques for next generation mobile communication systems, greatly enhance the frequency spectrum efficiency but also cause huge challenge on the accurate MIMO channel estimation due to the greatly increased channel parameters in time-, frequency-, and space-domain. Based on the inherent sparsity features of MIMO channels, in this paper a compressed method is proposed to jointly estimate the delay, Angle Of Arrival (AOA), and fading parameters of MIMO channels. The proposed method not only achieves more effective and better MIMO channel estimation resolution, but also breaks through the constraint on the estimated AOA numbers which cannot be more than the antennas for traditional AOA methods such as MUSIC and ESPRIT algorithm. Simulation results verify the performance of the proposed method.
Size structures and comparative phenology of syntopic populations of Hirudo verbana and Hirudo medicinalis in eastern Ukraine

Ranges of different species of medicinal leeches (Hirudo spp.) are nearly mutually exclusive with very few areas of overlapping. This biogeographical pattern suggests different ecological requirements for the two species. However, two habitats in Hungary and Ukraine where populations of H. verbana and H. medicinalis coexist were found. The aim of this research was to reveal differences in size structures and phenologies between the two species in a steppe pond with two populations. The study was conducted from March to September in 2009 and 2010 in Horila Dolyna, Kharkiv Region. Leeches were collected several times during the season, weighed and released. The abundance of H. verbana was always higher. The Mann-Whitney U-test and the Wilcoxon test were applied. Significant differences between sequential samples within the species were found. The large weight classes of H. verbana emerged by the end of summer and caused a higher variance in contrast to H. medicinalis. This suggests the higher growth rate and the more r-strategic biology of H. verbana in comparison with the largely K-strategic H. medicinalis.
A Study on the Thermal Oxidation and Wettability of Lead-free Solders of Sn-Ag-Cu and Sn-Ag-Cu-In

The surface oxidation mechanism of lead-free solder alloys has been investigated with multiple reflow using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the solder surface of Sn-Ag-Cu-In solder alloy is surrounded by a thin InOx layer after reflow process; this coating protects the metallic surface from thermal oxidation. Based on this result, we have performed a wetting balance test at various temperatures. The Sn-Ag-Cu-In solder alloy shows characteristics of both thermal oxidation and wetting balance better than those of Sn-Ag-Cu solder alloy. Therefore, Sn-Ag-Cu-In solder alloy is a good candidate to solve the two problems of easy oxidation and low wettability, which are the most critical problems of Pb-free solders.
On Newton’s method and Halley’s method for the principal <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>th root of a matrix

If A is a matrix with no negative real eigenvalues and all zero eigenvalues of A are semisimple, the principal p th root of A can be computed by Newton’s method or Halley’s method, with a preprocessing procedure if necessary. We prove a new convergence result for Newton’s method, and discover an interesting property of Newton’s method and Halley’s method in terms of series expansions. We explain how the convergence of Newton’s method and Halley’s method can be improved when the eigenvalues of A are known or when A is a singular matrix. We also prove new results on p th roots of M -matrices and H -matrices, and consider the application of Newton’s method and Halley’s method to find the principal p th roots of these special matrices.