SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Intracavernous Injection of Papaverine for Erectile Failure R. Virag

I n 1982 in a letter to the editor of The Lancet [1], Virag exposed to the English literature the ability of an intracavernous injection of papaverine to induce an erection. He stated that an accidental intracavernous injection of that drug during an arterial epigastric cavernous anastomosis [2], a vascular procedure proposed to treat vasculogenic erectile dysfunction (ED), had produced a rigid erection for 2 hours. After this finding, Virag decided to study the effect of papaverine in the physiology of erection. He studied 15 patients with organic ED and 10 with non-organic ED. Eighty milligrams of papaverine were injected into one corpora cavernosa and continuous recording of intracavernous pressure (ICP) was done through a 21 G needle inserted in the contralateral corpora cavernosa. Duplex ultrasound and pulse plethysmography were used for continuous monitoring of penile arterial vessels. In same cases, selective bilateral internal iliac angiography was performed. After papaverine injection, there was an ICP increase; this increase was higher when patient were under general anesthesia (mean of 70 mm Hg against 40 mm Hg without anesthesia). An increase on arterial flow was seen by duplex ultrasound, pulse plethysmography, and angiography; the peak effect was seen after 2–15 minutes after injection and lasted from 10 to 120 minutes. According to Virag, 7 out of 15 patients with organic ED reported improvement on their erections in the days following the study. All of seven had arterial ED. There was no improvement on patients with non-organic ED. Based on those results, Virag started a “conservative therapy” in 30 patients with ED who had Doppler and arteriographic evidence of penile arterial insufficiency, including 12 with diabetes mellitus. Patients received an intracavernous injection of 80 mg of papaverine and after 15 minutes, an infusion of saline with 1% of heparin via an infusion pump until they reached a rigid erection which was maintained for 15 minutes. The procedure was performed without anesthesia and was repeated after 2 months and every third month after that. Of the 14 patients who had at least two procedures, called by Virag as artificial erections, four returned to their “normal sexual life,” nine reported significant improvement in their penile rigidity, and one had no change in his erectile function. Virag concluded that papaverine was a powerful smooth-muscle relaxant, possibly acting as phosphodiesterase inhibitor or with an antinicotinic effect; to him, artificial erections were associated to vasodilation of pudendal arteries branches and with a possible “mechanical action” at the level of cavernous tissue. Sidney Glina
Desalination processes evaluation at common platform: A universal performance ratio (UPR) method

Abstract The inevitable escalation in economic development have serious implications on energy and environment nexus. The International Energy Outlook 2016 (IEO2016) predicted that the Non Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (non-OECD) countries will lead with 71% rise in energy demand in contrast with only 18% in developed countries from 2012 to 2040. In Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, about 40% of primary energy is consumed for cogeneration based power and desalination plants. The cogeneration based plants are struggling with unfair primary fuel cost apportionment to electricity and desalination. Also, the desalination processes performance evaluated based on derived energy, providing misleading selection of processes. There is a need of (i) appropriate primary fuel cost appointment method for multi-purposed plants and (ii) desalination processes performance evaluation method based on primary energy. As a solution, we proposed exergetic analysis for primary fuel percentage apportionment to all components in the cycle according to the quality of working fluid utilized. The proposed method showed that the gas turbine was under charged by 40%, steam turbine was overcharged by 71% and desalination was overcharged by 350% by conventional energetic apportionment methods. We also proposed a new and most suitable desalination processes performance evaluation method based on primary energy, called universal performance ratio (UPR). Since UPR is based on primary energy, it can be used to evaluate any kind of desalination processes, thermally driven, pressure driven & humidification-dehumidification etc. on common platform. We showed that all desalination processes are operating only at 10–13% of thermodynamic limit (TL) of UPR. For future sustainability, desalination must achieve 25–30% of TL and it is only possible either by hybridization of different processes or by innovative membrane materials.
Man-in-the-browser-cache: Persisting HTTPS attacks via browser cache poisoning

In this paper, we present a systematic study of browser cache poisoning (BCP) attacks, wherein a network attacker performs a one-time Man-In-The-Middle (MITM) attack on a user's HTTPS session, and substitutes cached resources with malicious ones. We investigate the feasibility of such attacks on five mainstream desktop browsers and 16 popular mobile browsers. We find that browsers are highly inconsistent in their caching policies for loading resources over SSL connections with invalid certificates. In particular, the majority of desktop browsers (99% of the market share) and popular mobile browsers (over a billion user downloads) are affected by BCP attacks to a large extent. Existing solutions for safeguarding HTTPS sessions fail to provide comprehensive defense against this threat. We provide guidelines for users and browser vendors to defeat BCP attacks. Meanwhile, we propose defense techniques for website developers to mitigate an important subset of BCP attacks on existing browsers without cooperation of users and browser vendors. We have reported our findings to browser vendors and confirmed the vulnerabilities. For example, Google has acknowledged the vulnerability we reported in Chrome's HTML5 AppCache and has fixed the problem according to our suggestion.
Changes in the Multi‐Level Effects of Socio‐Economic Status on Reading Achievement in Sweden in 1991 and 2001

This study examines the changes in educational inequality at the school‐ and individual‐levels in 1991 and 2001. Comparisons are made between the IEA Reading Literacy Study 1991 and the so called 10‐Year Trend Study in PIRLS 2001. The between‐school differences in reading achievement variance and the size of the relationship between SES and reading achievement at school‐level are the two main focuses. Applying a two‐level structural equation modeling technique, it was found that the between‐school differences in reading achievement were greater in RLS 2001 than in RLS 1991, and the school SES effect has been strengthened over time. These changes indicate that educational inequality in Sweden has increased over time. Some possible explanations to these changes are discussed with reference to school reforms and demographic changes.
Self-segregation of the vanguard: Judea and Samaria in the religious-Zionist society

The religious-Zionist settlement movement combines revolutionary national action with a conservative, religious way of life. On the one hand, the leaders of the religious-Zionist settlement movement see themselves as spearheading a national mission with pan-Jewish significance. On the other hand, living in the movement's communities entails a certain degree of segregation from general society. A religious-Zionist settlement is also a community-based tool for Orthodox self-defence against what is perceived by a fundamentally conservative society as different and threatening to its religious way of life and continuity. A selective religious enclave, such as the religious-Zionist settlement, which is not too distant from the centres of employment, commerce, services, and entertainment in central Israel, is also an efficient arrangement for moderating friction with secular society. In addition, Judea and Samaria provide environments for the development of a distinctive suburban lifestyle among the religious-Z...
INSPECTION SYSTEM OF STRUCTURES AND EQUIPMENT AND RELATED METHOD THEREOF

An inspection system and method for use in conjunction with a movably mounted platform to perform inspections of a generally upright standing structures or underground/subsurface structure. In order to perform these inspections, a technician or user can mount an interface member and the detector on the platform and/or interface member. The platform can be moved along the length of the structure while the inspector/detector module captures data regarding the structure. This data can be transmitted to a destination where it can be recorded and/or analyzed by the technician or given user. A given destination(s) may be local such as at the structure or proximal to the structure, or may be remote from the structure such as short to long distance communication. A controller/processor (e.g., computer program product) is configured having a number of crack or flaw detection algorithms for assessing the status of such cracks or flaws on the structure.
Ancient waters. The course of the 

Along the Upper Adriatic coastline, immediately behind the shoreline, a number of waterways flow inland and create a course that, crossing canals, rivers and lagoons, starts off from the Po river and empties at Punta Sdobba in the Gulf of Trieste and, from here, opens towards the Istrian coasts. This is the famous “Venetian Coastline” waterway. Ancient writings dating back to Roman times narrate that from the area of Ravenna it was possible to sail up to the north through a series of canals, rivers and lagoons leading to the ports of Spina, Clodia, Metamauco, Altino di Heraclia, Concordia and Aquileia and, going upriver, to Opitergium, Portobuffolè, Porto Naonis, Portogruaro, etc. As regards the waterway flowing from Venice to Monfalcone, historical and cultural references are available, but the research conducted so far is limited to single segments or individual aspects of the territory. No comprehensive records exist therefore bringing together all available accounts and providing a useful instrument to learn about the history of these areas. In this sense the project consists of a research-study on the territory of the Province of Venice that runs laterally to the course of the “Venetian Coastline” waterway and to those water courses that extend from the Cavallino to the right bank of the Tagliamento river, considering various cultural, environmental, archaeological aspects as well as figurative, architectural and literary arts, presented at a closing conference and summarised in a publication with an enclosed CD-rom, thus offering a highly interactive reading.
Males of Hypsiboas goianus (Anura; Hylidae) do not assess neighbor fighting ability through acoustic interactions

In frogs, acoustic signals are the most important communication mechanism, since they may be used in several social contexts. In many anurans, the dominant frequency of calls is negatively related to body size, and in such species, this spectral parameter may be considered a good predictor of fighting ability. We experimentally investigated the vocal behavior of 30 male Hypsiboas goianus in central Brazil to answer the following questions: (1) Do males change the acoustic parameters of their calls in response to conspecific intruders? and (2) Does the acoustic behavior of H. goianus depend on the simulated body size of their opponent? We used playback of synthesized calls with high (3573 Hz) and low (3123 Hz) dominant frequency to simulate small and large males, respectively. Males reduced the rate of advertisement calling in response to playback but did not change vocal behavior in response to low-frequency and high-frequency playback. So, while males adjust their calling activity in response to simulated conspecifics, there was no evidence that they assess the fighting ability of their opponents through acoustic interactions.
Analyzing the efficacy of subtropical urban forests in offsetting carbon emissions from cities

Urban forest management and policies have been promoted as a tool to mitigate carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. This study used existing CO2 reduction measures from subtropical Miami-Dade and Gainesville, USA and modeled carbon storage and sequestration by trees to analyze policies that use urban forests to offset carbon emissions. Field data were analyzed, modeled, and spatially analyzed to compare CO2 sequestered by managing urban forests to equivalent amounts of CO2 emitted in both urban areas. Urban forests in Gainesville have greater tree density, store more carbon and present lower per-tree sequestration rates than Miami-Dade as a result of environmental conditions and urbanization patterns. Areas characterized by natural pine-oak forests, mangroves, and stands of highly invasive trees were most apt at sequestering CO2. Results indicate that urban tree sequestration offsets CO2 emissions and, relative to total city-wide emissions, is moderately effective at 3.4 percent and 1.8 percent in Gainesville and Miami-Dade, respectively. Moreover, converting available non-treed areas into urban forests would not increase overall CO2 emission reductions substantially. Current CO2 sequestration by trees was comparable to implemented CO2 reduction policies. However, long-term objectives, multiple ecosystem services, costs, community needs, and preservation of existing forests should be considered when managing trees for climate change mitigation and other ecosystem services.
Regulation of b-cell epitope migration and autoimmunity by t follicular helper cells

The detection of autoantibodies typically appear a few years prior to clinical autoimmune disease and their reactivity can drift at or after disease onset. The laboratory of M.C. Carroll (outgoing institute) has developed a murine model (ARTEMIS; Autoreactive B-cell driven T-dependent Epitope Migration towards Immunity to Self) where the presence of a single autoreactive B cell clone drives activation, expansion and differentiation of other autoreactive B-cells in spontaneous germinal centers (GC) followed by autoantibody deposition in the kidney. These autoreactive B-cells target multiple other self-antigens (also known as epitope spreading) and are independent of the initial trigger once tolerance is broken. Follicular T helper (Tfh) cells play a prominent role in the selection of B-cells in the GC and have been linked to excessive GC formation, high-level production of pathogenic autoantibodies and end-organ damage in murine and human autoimmune disease. With this project I will address the role of Tfh cells in the maturation process of the self-reactive B-cell response and epitope spreading as observed in human autoimmune disease. Preliminary results show dependence of T cells, the extent and nature of T-cell involvement is however not yet addressed. I will utilize the mixed bone-marrow chimera model (ARTEMIS) in combination with selected strains altered in important factors for Tfh function and differentiation. As the GC reaction is a highly dynamic process we will visualize this utilizing multi-photon intravital microscopy and analyze important interactions of Tfh cells in the developing autoreactive GC. The development of autoreactivity from WT B-cells in the ARTEMIS model better reflects natural autoreactive GC behavior and human autoimmune disease and could therefore favor the transition of potential therapeutic targets from murine to human disease.
An Empirical Analysis on the Reason of Price Volatility in Agricultural Products: Market S&D or Financial Factor

Since 2007,the prices of agricultural products have fluctuated considerably and frequently,which triggers a focal debate over the reason whether market supply-demand or speculation is the fundamental factor for price volatility in agricultural products.Taking the corn for example,based on the U.S.corn futures price,this paper analyzes how market supply-demand and such as interest rates and exchange rates influence the price of corn.The results show that market supply and demand dominate the overall change in the corn price and financial factors have little impact on it.These years,the rise in speculative funds has increased not only the correlation between corn price and other financial markets but also the short-term fluctuation in corn price.
TRansport ACCessibility at regional/local scale and patterns in Europe

Dynamic territorial development depends on an optimal combination of access to services and resources. Good accessibility and connectivity is one of the most crucial factors in deciding on a location for economic activities. This leads to the fact that fast, relatively cheap, reliable but also sustainable freight and passenger transport, has become one of the essential prerequisites for the competitiveness of regions and regional economic development. This is why transport infrastructure developments and transport networks connecting Europe and its particular regions play such an important role in formulating the European policies as the Green Paper on Territorial Cohesion. This project shall strive for a comprehensive and integrated research approach, taking into account social, cultural, environmental, and economic aspects. Its aim is to deliver innovative results which can support the policy development in the field of transport and accessibility improvement, territorial development, competitiveness and cohesion. It shall support policy makers in finding trade-offs between promoting accessibility for passenger and freight transport and competitiveness, sustainability, saving energy and territorial development.
VENTING METHOD TO BE USED IN FORMING CLOSURE LINERS

A method for forming a liner (20) in a closure (10) for a container includes forming a plastic closure cap (10) having a circular top wall portion (12) and a depending annular skirt portion (14) depending from the top wall portion, and depositing a quantity of moldable liner forming plastic material (14) in the cap. A liner forming assembly which has a liner tip (66) and a liner sleeve, the liner tip being axially movable relative to said liner sleeve (62), and the liner sleeve defining a plurality of circumferentially located, radially oriented venting channels (72) positioned on an outer surface thereof, is advanced into the cap to engage the sleeve with the cap, adjacent to the venting channels, to define a liner space (76). The liner tip is advanced into the cap, relative to the liner sleeve, to compress a liner forming material to form the liner while restraining the flow of moldable plastic between the sleeve and the cap, and while venting gas out of the liner space through the venting channels.
TRANSFER PRINTING

A composition for use in printing, including sublimatic transfer printing, comprises an adhesive component chosen to be receptive to dye transferred thereto, and to be adherable to a surface to be printed, thereby binding the dye to the surface to form an image thereon.
Characterization of Rhinitis According to the Asthma Status in Adults Using an Unsupervised Approach in the EGEA Study

The classification of rhinitis in adults is missing in epidemiological studies.To identify phenotypes of adult rhinitis using an unsupervised approach (data-driven) compared with a classical hypothesis-driven approach.983 adults of the French Epidemiological Study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma (EGEA) were studied. Self-reported symptoms related to rhinitis such as nasal symptoms, hay fever, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, and sensitivities to different triggers (dust, animals, hay/flowers, cold air…) were used. Allergic sensitization was defined by at least one positive skin prick test to 12 aeroallergens. Mixture model was used to cluster participants, independently in those without (Asthma-, n = 582) and with asthma (Asthma+, n = 401).Three clusters were identified in both groups: 1) Cluster A (55% in Asthma-, and 22% in Asthma+) mainly characterized by the absence of nasal symptoms, 2) Cluster B (23% in Asthma-, 36% in Asthma+) mainly characterized by nasal symptoms all over the year, sinusitis and a low prevalence of positive skin prick tests, and 3) Cluster C (22% in Asthma-, 42% in Asthma+) mainly characterized by a peak of nasal symptoms during spring, a high prevalence of positive skin prick tests and a high report of hay fever, allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis. The highest rate of polysensitization (80%) was found in participants with comorbid asthma and allergic rhinitis.This cluster analysis highlighted three clusters of rhinitis with similar characteristics than those known by clinicians but differing according to allergic sensitization, and this whatever the asthma status. These clusters could be easily rebuilt using a small number of variables.
Collaborative robotic solution for advanced inspection of complex composite parts

Highly integrated composite parts have begun to enter the market. Their inherent complex structure makes more difficult inspection activities being crucial the development of more flexible, more reliable and faster NDT solutions.  
Regarding NDT methods, Ultrasonic testing (UT) techniques are suitable for the inspection of large and hidden areas and recently developed ones, like guided waves, have shown potential for remote inspection. Currently, most of inspections are performed manually, which entail two key disadvantages: an excessive amount of time and the possibility of potential safety failures due to human errors. To solve these issues, automation of inspection process has been envisioned as strategic solution. The integration of robotics in manufacturing lines has proved improvements in process reliability, reduction of manufacturing times and, therefore, costs. However, many industrial operations cannot be fully automated at a reasonable cost. In such a case, human-robot cooperation may be the most cost-efficient and productive solution. 
This is precisely the scope of CRO-INSPECT. The project aims at creating a new concept of hybrid work cell for inspection, where humans and robots perform collaboratively inspection activities using advanced UT techniques. It aims at developing a sound inspection solution with enhanced robotic capabilities, enabling faster and more reliable inspections, and helping operator during the inspection of complex composite parts, reducing this way recurring manufacturing costs.
The specific goals of the project will be to generate an advanced and safe human/robot collaboration work cell prototype for robotic assistance of the operator during inspection; and to generate a new inspection system based on advanced UT, capable of reaching low access areas of parts. By achieving these objectives, the consortium expects to provide a step forward in the current industrial solutions for automated NDI of large aircraft components.