SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Oral hastalıkların tedavisinde, İstanbul’daki diş hekimleri arasında antibiyotik reçetelendirme profili

Objectives: To determine the rational drug use and the pattern of antibiotic prescription for dental management and the information given to their patients about the use of these drugs by dentists in Istanbul. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to 250 dentists working in Istanbul. The questionnaires consist of open-ended questions about therapeutic and prophylactic antibiotic use in dentistry and were given by hand to dentists. The questionnaires were analyzed and the responses to each question expressed as absolute frequencies. The cases and the antibiotics prescribed by dentists for each case were determined by the descriptive statistics method; “frequency”. Results: Responses to questionnaire were received from 130 (52%) dentists. Primarily prescribed antibiotic for therapy was the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid and for prophylaxis was amoxicillin. Although more than 80% of the dentists reported they gave information to their patients about the use of antibiotics, the content of the information was limited. Patients mainly informed to obey the dose and dose intervals of the prescribed drugs by dentists. Conclusions: The results of the present study demonstrated that dentists most commonly prescribe the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid for the therapy of periodontal, endodontic and surgical procedures. The results also showed that dentists informed their patients inadequately about antibiotic use. In the light of these data; inessential antibiotic use, insufficient informing of the patients about drug use and irrational use of drugs indicate that the renovation of graduate and postgraduate educations are required. Key words: Dentistry, antibiotic use, questionnaire
AN OVERVIEW OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL LAND INFORMATION SYSTEM (ELIS)

An overview of the application software for storage, integration and management of Land Records and Environmental Data has been presented. The title of the software is “Environmental Land Information System”, abbreviated as “ELIS”. Modern hardware technologies like Total Station, Satellite, GPS, Digitizer, scanner along with computer have been used where software technologies like GIS and RDBMS have also been used in capturing, collecting, storing, integrating, and retrieving data. Technologies like plotter has been used in generating various maps including mouza map. A Bangla interface was also integrated with the system for writing Bangla scripts on maps and other land records. Two separate types of databases have been created – one for attribute data and the other for spatial data. The application software has the capability to append new data- attribute and spatial, to the databases to update and enrich the databases. This article gives a conceptual view of the software. The main emphasis in developing the software was in the use of GIS and Bangla interface.
Electrostatic Lock Controlling Structural Transition in the EmrE Polyaromatic Cation Transporter

EmrE is a homodimeric bacterial transporter that exploits the proton gradient across the membrane to export polyaromatic cations (e.g., drugs) out of the cell, thereby conferring antibiotic resistance. EmrE is an antiporter, and is expected to undergo structural transitions between the inward-facing (IF) and outward facing (OF) states only when the transporter is loaded with either the substrate or protons. Despite the antiparallel homodimeric configuration of EmrE, which gives it symmetry that makes it ideal for studying complex conformational transitions in membrane transporters, the low resolution of its 3D structures has substantially hampered detailed structural and dynamical examination of the protein, which are necessary for exploring the underlying molecular mechanism of coupled transport. Most notably, previous simulation studies of this small transporter have reported large structural deformations during simulation, signaling the instability of their starting structure. Here we present a substantial refinement procedure applied to the structure using experimental cryoEM data combined with molecular dynamics flexible fitting to generate a stable atomic structural model.From this new starting model we conducted equilibrium and non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of EmrE in different states of the transport cycle, specifically the apo, substrate bound, and protonated forms. These simulations indicate dynamism in structure commensurate with the estimated fluctuations within EmrE. From hydrogen bonding patterns between monomers throughout the transport cycle, we determine that specific interactions between Glu14 and Tyr60 of opposite monomers lock in place the relative conformations of the two monomers, preventing global transition of the transporter in the apo state. When Glu14 is protonated or polyaromatic cations are bound, nonequilibrium simulations show that the energetic barrier conformational transitions can occur more rapidly. These findings substantiate earlier mutagenesis studies indicating an essential role for Tyr60 in the mechanism of EmrE.
The Influence of Ziegler-Natta and Metallocene Catalysts on Polyolefin Structure, Properties, and Processing Ability

50 years ago, Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta were awarded the Nobel Prize for their discovery of the catalytic polymerization of ethylene and propylene using titanium compounds and aluminum-alkyls as co-catalysts. Polyolefins have grown to become one of the biggest of all produced polymers. New metallocene/methylaluminoxane (MAO) catalysts open the possibility to synthesize polymers with highly defined microstructure, tacticity, and steroregularity, as well as long-chain branched, or blocky copolymers with excellent properties. This improvement in polymerization is possible due to the single active sites available on the metallocene catalysts in contrast to their traditional counterparts. Moreover, these catalysts, half titanocenes/MAO, zirconocenes, and other single site catalysts can control various important parameters, such as co-monomer distribution, molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, molecular architecture, stereo-specificity, degree of linearity, and branching of the polymer. However, in most cases research in this area has reduced academia as olefin polymerization has seen significant advancements in the industries. Therefore, this paper aims to further motivate interest in polyolefin research in academia by highlighting promising and open areas for the future.
An in situ Comparison of Electron Acceleration at Collisionless Shocks under Differing Upstream Magnetic Field Orientations

A leading explanation for the origin of Galactic cosmic rays is acceleration at high-Mach number shock waves in the collisionless plasma surrounding young supernova remnants. Evidence for this is provided by multi-wavelength non-thermal emission thought to be associated with ultrarelativistic electrons at these shocks. However, the dependence of the electron acceleration process on the orientation of the upstream magnetic field with respect to the local normal to the shock front (quasi-parallel/quasi-perpendicular) is debated. Cassini spacecraft observations at Saturn's bow shock has revealed examples of electron acceleration under quasi-perpendicular conditions, and the first in situ evidence of electron acceleration at a quasi-parallel shock. Here we use Cassini data to make the first comparison between energy spectra of locally accelerated electrons under these differing upstream magnetic field regimes. We present data taken during a quasi-perpendicular shock crossing on 2008 March 8 and during a quasi-parallel shock crossing on 2007 February 3, highlighting that both were associated with electron acceleration to at least MeV energies. The magnetic signature of the quasi-perpendicular crossing has a relatively sharp upstream-downstream transition, and energetic electrons were detected close to the transition and immediately downstream. The magnetic transition at the quasi-parallel crossing is less clear, energetic electrons were encountered upstream and downstream, and the electron energy spectrum is harder above ~100 keV. We discuss whether the acceleration is consistent with diffusive shock acceleration theory in each case, and suggest that the quasi-parallel spectral break is due to an energy-dependent interaction between the electrons and short, large-amplitude magnetic structures.
New horizons festival

'New Horizons Festival, A Night out in Science, Art and Music', is all about meeting science and scientists. As part of European Researchers' Night in 2014 and 2015, the Rotterdam based festival features researchers from Erasmus University Rotterdam and its strategic partners Delft University of Technology and Leiden University.

'A Night out' means that visitors will experience science by meeting face-to-face with researchers and taking part in demonstrations, experiments and dialogues. Exceptionally, the form of a lecture is used, for example to present a top speaker who combines scientific excellence with very good presentation skills.

New Horizons Festival was formerly organized as 'Discovery Festival'. Every year the festival has a theme which is leading in the program. The theme of the 2014 edition is 'Big data, Your life in the cloud.' Researchers from diverse disciplines, such as life and medical sciences, psychology, economy, ICT and philosophy will focus on applications of big data approaches in their field and implications on society. The theme of 2015 has not yet been decided on.

The main target group consists of people from 17 to 37 years old, the typical curious audience looking for new information and experiences which are relevant for their personal life and society; generally speaking this is the audience of nightlife and (pop-)festivals. But the festival is also attractive for people who are older and curious to learn about science and its relevance to society. For school pupils in the age from 6 to 12 and 15 to 17 a special program is organized during Friday afternoon.

Apart from science, the festival incorporates art and music, which contribute to the festival experience. Art is a way to challenge, and reflect on science. Artists who are selected are inspired by scientific topics or scientific methods. Venues of the festival are Erasmus University Rotterdam, cultural institutes as well as the public space in Rotterdam, all in the city centre.
Irrigation and Time of Harvest Effects on Evaluation of Selected Soybean Accessions Against Phomopsis longicolla

Phomopsis seed decay (PSD) of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) is primarily caused by Phomopsis longicolla. Currently, percent seed infection is used as a method for evaluating resistance to PSD. However, researchers need a common system for classifying soybean genotypes for their reaction to P.longicolla that is consistent across environments. The purpose of this research was: (i) to evaluate the reaction of a select set of soybean accessions to P. longicolla, and (ii) determine the effects of irrigation and two harvest regimes (normal and delayed) on seed infection. We propose a classification system for comparing reactions to P. longicolla among accessions based on a Phomopsis seed infection index (PSII), derived by dividing the percent seed infection of each accession by percent seed infection values of susceptible standards selected within early and late maturity groups. Percent seed infection by P. longicolla infection was greater when accessions were irrigated during the growing season and harvested at normal maturity. Some lines such as MO/PSD-0259 were rated as resistant to P. longicolla (7% seed infection) when not irrigated and harvested at maturity, but were rated as susceptible (39% seed infection) with irrigation and delayed harvest. The resistance ratings to P. longicolla using percent seed infection and PSII varied among accessions. SS93-6012, for example, had similar ratings for both (9% seed infection and 16% PSII). PI 416942 exhibited some resistance to P. longicolla based on percent seed infection (8%), but no resistance based on PSII (32%). Accessions PI 594478, Delmar, SS93-6012, SS93-6181, PI 594603A, and PI 594712 were classified by PSII as moderately resistant under irrigation and with delayed harvest. These results indicate that simple comparisons of percent seed infection among accessions without irrigation, without delayed harvest, and without a standard control of a similar maturity group might result in false conclusions about resistance to P. longicolla.
METHOD AND SYSTEM TO ACCESS PC-BASED SERVICES FROM NON-PC HARDWARE

An authentication protocol interface is described that allows a user to authenticate into, or login to, a PC based environment using a non-pc device. It also provides the user with a transparent method of "programming" the interface so that the interface behaves the way a user wants the next time they use the system. The invention further enables a user to avoid authentication altogether by allowing the settop box to serve as the login authority for certain tasks. The invention operates in a non-PC environment where the use of a mouse and other MS Windows<SUP>®</SUP> interface components (i.e., check boxes, radio dials, and the like) are not allowed.
PIPELINE DEPLOYMENT AND TIE-IN METHOD

A method of installing a subsea pipeline for tie-in to a subsea structure. The method comprises laying, using a pipe laying vessel, an intermediate section of the pipeline on to a pipe restraint device, wherein the pipe restraint device is at or near the subsea structure, or is at or near a location at which a subsea structure will be installed, and the pipe restraint device restricts transverse movement of the pipeline. The intermediate section of the pipeline is configured to be tapped at or near the pipe restraint device for providing fluid communication between the pipeline and the subsea structure.
Laserkopf, imstande, einen Laserpunkt durch Hochfrequenz-/Ultrahochfrequenz-Mikrovibration dynamisch zu regulieren

Offengelegt ist ein Laserkopf, imstande, einen Laserpunkt durch eine Hochfrequenz-/Ultrahochfrequenz-Mikrovibration dynamisch zu regulieren, enthaltend eine Lasertransmissionsvorrichtung, einen Hohlraum, ein spezielles elektromechanisches Modul und eine abgeschirmte Tülle. Die Lasertransmissionsvorrichtung ist oben am Hohlraum angeordnet. Ein erstes Schutzglas und eine Kollimatorlinse sind nacheinander von oben nach unten in dem Hohlraum angeordnet. Das spezielle elektromechanische Modul ist unten am Hohlraum angeordnet und mit dem Hohlraum mittels eines Gehäuses verbunden. Eine Fokussierungslinse ist weiter im Gehäuse des speziellen elektromechanischen Moduls angeordnet, und eine Flachfeder ist zwischen der Fokussierungslinse und dem speziellen elektromechanischen Modul angeordnet. Das spezielle elektromechanische Modul kann eine Ultrahochfrequenz-Mikrooszillation der Fokussierungslinse erzeugen. Die abgeschirmte Tülle ist unten am speziellen elektromechanischen Modul angeordnet. In der vorliegenden Offenbarung variiert der Durchmesser eines Ausgangsbrennflecks in Echtzeit mit der Änderung der Amplitude der Fokussierungslinse; somit kann eine Regulierung mit hohem Ansprechverhalten der Brennfleckform verwirklicht werden, sodass die Anforderungen aus Betriebsbedingungen, wie etwa beim Laserschneiden, Laserschweißen und Laserauftragsbearbeiten, erfüllt werden können.
To Bend or Not to Bend! The Dilemma of Allenes

Allenes, though expected to be linear, are found to be bent in many examples, especially in the case of cyclic allenes. The bending of allene is attributed to the weakening of π-bond strength across the allene. However, tetrakis(dimethylamino)allene {((CH(3))N)(2)C═C═C(N(CH(3))(2))}, which is characterized by push-push interactions, has been shown to be linear, thus leading to doubts of the current understanding of the bent allenes. In this article, we report the ab initio MO/DFT, NBO based electronic structure analysis of R(2)C═C═CR(2) (R = H, NH(2)) with a gradual increase in the number of amino substituents. The results indicate that the allenic π-bond strength and bending potential decrease, with an increase in the amino substitution. Molecular orbital analysis provides necessary clues regarding the delicate balance between orthogonality of the π orbitals and the p orbitals on the central carbon, which dictates the bending potential of the allenes. The dilemma of to bend or not to bend is a unique feature of tetraaminoallenes (NH(2))(2)C═C═C(NH(2))(2) in comparison to isoelectronic heteroallenes (NH(2))(2)C═N═C(NH(2))(2)(+) and (NH(2))(2)C═B═C(NH(2))(2)(-).
Optimizing the layout of multiple mobile robots for cooperative sound source separation

This paper presents a novel active audition method that enables multiple mobile robots to move to optimal positions for improving the performance of sound source separation. A main advantage of our distributed system is that each robot has its own microphone array and all mobile robots can collaborate on source separation by regarding a set of movable microphone arrays as a big reconfigurable array. To incrementally optimize the positions of the robots (the layout of the big microphone array) in an active-audition manner, it is necessary to predict the source separation performance from a possible layout of the next time step although true source signals are unknown. To solve this problem, our method simulates delay-and-sum beamforming from a possible layout for theoretically calculating the gain for each frequency component of a source signal in the corresponding separated signal. The robots are moved into a layout with the highest average gain over all sources and the whole frequency range. The experimental results showed that the harmonic mean of signal-to-distortion ratios (SDRs) was improved by 6.0 dB in simulations and by 5.7 dB in a real environment.
Energy audit and conservation potential analysis of a large comprehensive commercial building

With the rapid development of large-scale public buildings, energy consumption has increased, of which the energy consumption of comprehensive commercial buildings can reach 10~20 times the common building energy consumption, and has great energy saving potential. In this paper, a large comprehensive commercial building in Chengdu is taken as an example to analyze the energy consumption through the actual energy consumption data, viewed from the energy-saving and emission-reduction and static investment payback period point. The results show that the energy saving rate of the building can be achieved by 32.64%, the emission reduction is 6196.52 t CO2 per year, and the investment recovery period is only about 0.90 years, which provides a reference for similar buildings.
Welfare implications for air passengers in China in the era of high-speed rail

Despite facing the rapid expansion of high-speed rail (HSR) services, China's airline industry has experienced substantial growth in the last decade. Using panel data from 2007 to 2016, this paper assesses the welfare changes for both economy- and business-class air passengers in China due to the HSR entry. We found that the demand for air travel is inelastic and that the HSR entry has led to significant welfare changes for air passengers. Specifically, air passengers in the short-distance markets were worse off, largely driven by a dramatic cut in flight frequency. However, over time, their welfare could improve when flight frequencies were restored. In contrast, in the medium- and long-distance markets, air passengers could be better off immediately after the HSR entry, thanks to the lower airfare and insignificant drop in flight frequency. However, a reduction in welfare was observed in the long run, after airlines gradually reduced the flight frequency. • This paper uses a reduced-form BLP type model to estimate the demand functions for Chinese air passengers. • A DID approach is adopted to quantify the impact of HSR competition on airfare and flight frequency. • The welfare changes for both economy- and business-class air passengers after the HSR entry are calculated. • It is found that Chinese passengers have an inelastic demand for air transport services. • The entry of HSR has led to significant welfare changes for air passengers.
ROTATING AND PERCUSSIVE SHANK FOR A ROCK DRILL MACHINE WITH AN IMPACT SURFACE A DISTANCE FROM ITS BACK END

The invention relates to a shank, a rock drill and a method for drilling rock. In the invention, a percussion element (1) of the rock drill (21) is arranged to strike the shank (2) having an impact surface (8) at a distance from its (2) back end (13). Then, at least at the time of impact, the percussion element (1) and said back end (13) are at least partly inside each other.
Implementation and outcomes of FPGA-based system design in Mongolian education

This paper presents an historical review of the establishment of an academic programme introducing teaching and research on FPGA-based system design in the Mongolian High Education. The main strategy was to found a Microelectronics research group within several departments of the Mongolian University of Science and Technology (MUST) and promote the education of microelectronics design not only at the MUST, but also throughout Mongolia. The education process adopted at the Computer Science and Management School (CSMS) of MUST will be presented. Under the Microelectronics group initiative, a set of events (Electronics Olympiad, seminaries and workshops) was set up in collaboration with other Mongolian Universities as an important action for the dissemination of FPGA-based system design. The presence of students and faculty members in international activities had also an important effect. Results of research and teaching practices will also be presented.
Essays in corporate financing and investment decisions

The evolution of corporate debt markets in recent decades, especially short-term debt facilities and bank debt, has made funding more accessible for corporate borrowers. On the other hand, the changing environment of debt markets also creates new challenges for corporate borrowers. First, as the debt maturity structure has become shorter, companies face higher liquidity pressure. Second, since banks also increasingly rely on short-term wholesale funding, the maturity mismatch of bank assets and liabilities has widened, further increasing economy-wide liquidity risk. These problems were illustrated by the most recent liquidity crisis that lasted from 2007 to 2009. Understanding the implications of borrowing using short-term debt therefore is crucial for the modern corporate finance. Moreover, the issues regarding the maturity mismatch of the banking sector imply that fluctuations in bank credit might increase, as banks become more sensitive to liquidity constraints. 

This thesis explores a number of issues regarding the use of short-term debt by non-financial companies, as well as the implications of fluctuations in bank credit for corporate financial and investment policies. The thesis contains three empirical research essays, presented individually in Chapters 2, 3 and 4. The first essay investigates the implications of debt maturity structure on corporate investment activities in the presence of firm specific default risk. The second and the third essays examine the implications of bank credit cycles on corporate activities. Essay 2 studies the effect of bank credit cycles on firms’ choice of external financing issues, whereas Essay 3 examines the effect of bank credit on corporate liquidity management policies and the spending on different types of investment.