SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Drugs, Addiction, and the Brain

Drugs, Addiction, and the Brain explores the molecular, cellular, and neurocircuitry systems in the brain that are responsible for drug addiction. Common neurobiological elements are emphasized that provide novel insights into how the brain mediates the acute rewarding effects of drugs of abuse and how it changes during the transition from initial drug use to compulsive drug use and addiction. The book provides a detailed overview of the pathophysiology of the disease. The information provided will be useful for neuroscientists in the field of addiction, drug abuse treatment providers, and undergraduate and postgraduate students who are interested in learning the diverse effects of drugs of abuse on the brain. * Full-color circuitry diagrams of brain regions implicated in each stage of the addiction cycle* Actual data figures from original sources illustrating key concepts and findings* Introduction to basic neuropharmacology terms and concepts* Introduction to numerous animal models used to study diverse aspects of drug use.* Thorough review of extant work on the neurobiology of addiction
Potato Growers’ Risk Perception: A Case Study in Ardabil Province of Iran

Entomopathogenic Nematodes (EPNs) are soil parasites that infect different types of arthropods e.g. larva of butterflies, moth, beetles and grasshopper thus affecting them in various ways. This is through reducing their fertility or causing sterility, delaying development and shortening longevity of the arthropods. Termites also sometimes suffer chance infections from the Steinernematids that become naturally dispersed in ordinary soil. Often, this result in the death of the affected termite but the impact on the termite colony itself is generally minor and of limited duration. The main aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility of termites to EPNs (Steinernema karii) in a laboratory set up as a candidate for bio-control. The method used involved trapping the termites in petri dishes and infecting them with EPNs. Termites were also exposed to EPNs in a simulated natural habitat and the efficacy determined. It was found that infection in petri dish resulted in as high as 100% mortality especially in worker termites. There was little impact of EPNs on termites in the soil although workers showed higher mortality than soldier termites. At P=0.05, significant mortality difference was noted between EPNs-infected termites and control group in petri dish bioassays. Moreover, there was significance difference between soldiers and workers in terms of mortality rate. Infection in simulated natural habitat yielded less significant results compared to control group. It was concluded that S. karii has the potential to control termites, but methods have to be devised to allow maximum exposure of termites to the EPNs in their natural habitat.
Safety of Vitamins and Minerals: Controversies and Perspective

Available information suggests that currently over 47% of males and 59% of females use dietary supplements for health benefits, and the number of users is rapidly increasing. However, numerous studies published over more than a decade have linked some supplements (including vitamins E, C, D, A, and B, as well as selenium) to no health benefits or even to adverse health effects. Recent studies with negative results, which drew media attention, include the following: a 2008 study on the ability of vitamin E and selenium to lower the risk of prostate cancer was halted amidst fear of potential harm; vitamin C may do more harm than good as it may protect cancer cells; intake of vitamins E and C by 15,000 male physicians for 10 years had no health benefits. In contrast, there are compelling cause and effect data linking the use of folic acid with consistent and significant reductions in fetal adverse pregnancy outcomes, demonstrating no beneficial effects of calcium and vitamin D supplements in improving bone strength and reducing fractures. These equivocal and conflicting findings on the effects of supplements on health outcomes have left consumers confused about their benefits and wary of the possible adverse effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation. The objectives of this session are to characterize the current state of the science as it relates to the impact of vitamin and mineral supplementation on human health, review the statutory and regulatory perspective of vitamin use from a safety perspective, assess the credibility of meta-analysis in the safety assessment of vitamins, and elicit the mechanisms of these interactions-pro-oxidant versus antioxidant effects and beneficial versus adverse effects.
Identification of the cellular sites of cytomegalovirus latency that contribute to the induction of inflationary cd8 t cell memory against the virus.

T cell memory is the cornerstone of protective immunity and the key determinant of the efficacy of vaccination approaches. Memory inflation (MI) is a unique type of CD8+ T cell memory characterized by the induction of robust and durable populations of functional effector/effector memory CD8+ T cells that is elicited by latently persistent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. Accumulating evidence argues that inflationary T cells can provide exceptionally strong immune protection. Hence, several translational approaches involving MI, such as CMV vector-based vaccines, are subject of ongoing pre-clinical and clinical projects. Despite this, little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the induction and maintenance of MI. In this proposal, I aim to identify and characterize the latently infected cell type/-s, which sustain CMV-specific inflationary CD8+ T-cells. To this end, I will combine state-of-the-art stromal cell characterization and isolation techniques with generation of novel recombinant virus-based in vivo models enabling (1) tracking of latently infected cells, (2) conditional ablation of viral peptide processing in selected cell types. The results of this action are expected to improve our understanding of the mechanisms and requirements for MI, laying the basis for the development of improved vaccination strategies. Furthermore, identification of the sites of CMV latency in vivo will have implications for development of future clinical strategies aimed at harnessing the ability of CMV to reactivate in immune suppressed patients. Thus, this proposal explores a basic biological question of broad general interest, but also has robust translational potential for applications in human medicine.
Tendencias en la mortalidad por cáncer de pulmón en Colombia, 1985-2018

To determine lung cancer mortality trends in Colombia during the period 1985-2018 in the population aged 35 years and over and identify changes in the trend.Analysis of mortality time series. The specific standardized rates by sex and age group were calculated. Using joinpoint regression, the annual percentage change in the rates was estimated and points of change were identified.During the period 1985-2018, 105 553 deaths from lung cancer were reported in the population aged 35 and over. The standardized rates exhibit a downward trend during the period 1985-2005, except in people over the age of 64.Lung cancer death rates in Colombia are trending downward. Primary and secondary prevention measures with respect to tobacco use need to be enhanced and other risk factors, such as residential radon or occupation, monitored.Determinar a evolução da mortalidade por câncer de pulmão na Colômbia no período de 1985 a 2018, na população com 35 anos de idade ou mais, e identificar mudanças na tendência.Análise de séries temporais de mortalidade. Foram calculadas taxas específicas e padronizadas por sexo e faixa etária. Por meio da regressão joinpoint, estimou-se o percentual de variação anual das taxas e foram identificados os pontos de variação.No período de 1985 a 2018, foram registradas 105.553 mortes por câncer de pulmão na população com 35 anos de idade ou mais. As taxas padronizadas demonstram tendência decrescente no período de 1985 a 2005, exceto para maiores de 64 anos.A tendência das taxas de mortalidade por câncer de pulmão na Colômbia é descendente. É necessário promover medidas de prevenção primária e secundária acerca do consumo de tabaco e monitorar outros fatores de risco, como a exposição ao radônio residencial ou a ocupação.
Demographic and Socioeconomic Status, Child Support Grant, and Teenage Pregnancy among Blacks in South Africa

While the evidence is internationally inconclusive, social protection systems have been blamed for various perverse incentives or unintended consequences. This article explores one particular case in point. The South African Constitution and the Social Assistance Act of 2004 provide a child support grant (CSG) to low-income single parents/caregivers. There is nevertheless concern regarding possible perverse incentives of the grant, sparking debate that it may encourage teenage pregnancy. Several studies have examined the validity of the claim, yet methodological weaknesses cast doubt on their conclusions. This article examines the probability of being pregnant with another child among black teenagers receiving the CSG in South Africa compared with black teenagers who are not recipients. Results indicate that black teenagers aged 15-18 years receiving the grant have significantly lower odds of being pregnant with another child compared with their peers who do not receive the grant, controlling for demographic and socioeconomic factors.

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Flavin, Patrick, Alexander Pacek, and Benjamin Radcliff. 2011. “State Intervention and Subjective Well-Being in Advanced Industrial Democracies.” Politics & Policy 39 (2): 251-269. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00290.x/abstract Coan, James. 2008. “The Value of Proposed Income Tax Credits to the Office of Child Support Enforcement's Caseload: A Comparison and Recommendations.” Politics & Policy 36 (5): 806-833. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2008.00136.x/abstract Luccisano, Lucy, and Amy Romagnoli. 2007. “Comparing Public Social Provision and Citizenship in the United States, Canada, and Mexico: Are There Implications for a North American Space?” Politics & Policy 35 (4): 716-751. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2007.00082.x/abstract 

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PEST Technologies. 2010. “Face the Facts: Teen Pregnancy.” August 20. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDo-EuyFYSg Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 2011. “A Message to Health Care Professionals: Teen Pregnancy.” October 10. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vjdd41VbNvk ABC News. 2009. “Teen Pregnancy: After Baby Is Born.” June 24. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rb4u46f9fS8
Dislocation energy per unit length for SnO2Ag/glass thin films

In recent years the structures of thin layers have been widely studied, because of their properties that are unattainable in bulk materials. The aim of this paper is to present the dislocation energy per unit length of the SnO2Ag thin films deposited on Glass. Dislocation energy per unit length of a 20 nanometer SnAg thin films with 10 and 90 percents of Ag and Sn, respectively, have been calculated using low angle incident x-ray scattering. Results obtained by the proposed experimental test, is then compared with the theoretical analysis data. The dislocation energy's per unit length of the SnO2Ag thin films at temperatures of 25, 325, 525 and 625°C, has been theoretically obtained equals to 1.3679 (nm)2Gpa, 2.138(nm)2Gpa, 1.7551(nm)2Gpa and 1.8959(nm)2Gpa, respectively.
Subsídio de fundo de maneio para Salonik Hairdressing Magdy M

O projeto diz respeito ao apoio ao fundo de maneio de uma empresa em caso de diminuição do volume de negócios (receitas das vendas) causada pelos efeitos negativos do surto de COVID-19.
On Dirichlet Spaces With a Class of Superharmonic Weights

Abstract In this paper, we investigate Dirichlet spaces with superharmonic weights induced by positive Borel measures μ on the open unit disk. We establish the Alexander-Taylor-Ullman inequality for spaces and we characterize the cases where equality occurs. We define a class of weighted Hardy spaces via the balayage of the measure μ. We show that is equal to if and only if μ is a Carleson measure for . As an application, we obtain the reproducing kernel of when μ is an infinite sum of point-mass measures. We consider the boundary behavior and innerouter factorization of functions in . We also characterize the boundedness and compactness of composition operators on .
Smart Grid Wide-Area Transmission System Visualization

ABSTRACT The installation of vast quantities of additional new sensing and communication equipment, in conjunction with building the computing infrastructure to store and manage data gathered by this equipment, has been the first step in the creation of what is generically referred to as the “smart grid” for the electric transmission system. With this enormous capital investment in equipment having been made, attention is now focused on developing methods to analyze and visualize this large data set. The most direct use of this large set of new data will be in data visualization. This paper presents a survey of some visualization techniques that have been deployed by the electric power industry for visualizing data over the past several years. These techniques include pie charts, animation, contouring, time-varying graphs, geographic-based displays, image blending, and data aggregation techniques. The paper then emphasizes a newer concept of using word-sized graphics called sparklines as an extremely effective method of showing large amounts of time-varying data.
'Marriage and cultural diversity in the german empire'

How do putatively universalistic norms with global reach relate to politics of diversity and pluralism within national societies? By assessing the legal regulation of marriage and the family, ‘Marriage and Cultural Diversity in the German Empire’ (MARDIV) will advance significantly our understanding of the global diffusion of legal and social norms. The tension between global norms and cultural specificity has come to a head during the first decade of the 21st century. Not only has the presence of Muslim immigrants raised the profile of debates over the diversity of personal status law throughout Europe. The legalisation of same-sex marriage in many European countries has also pointed to a seachange in public views about the family and the role of the state in preserving it. How do legal transplants operate in family law? Can we discern particular patterns of diffusion in specific historical circumstances? And, how do 19th- and early 20th-century developments in family law remain relevant today? MARDIV addresses these questions by scrutinizing the historical roots of recent debates. 19th- and early 20th-century Germany offers a particularly relevant case study because it was a laboratory of both modernity and cultural diversity in which questions of global reach, national identity, regional particularity and local traditions came into especially sharp relief. MARDIV suggests that an understanding of Germany’s past experiences can enable us to better analyse Europe’s present. To this end, the project employs an innovative interdisciplinary methodology linking history and sociology and a novel theoretical framework. The main empirical aims are twofold: to shed light on the historical roots of contemporary European debates about the family, and to reflect on broader processes of the global diffusion of legal and social norms. The primary aim is the PI’s advanced training in historical sociology and project management so she can reach a position of research leadership.
Current practices and barriers to the use of facemasks and respirators among hospital-based health care workers in Vietnam

This study aimed to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards the use of facemasks among hospital-based health care workers (HCWs) in Hanoi, Vietnam.A qualitative study incorporating 20 focus groups was conducted between August 2010 and May 2011. HCWs from 7 hospitals in Vietnam were invited to participate.Issues associated with the availability of facemasks (medical and cloth masks) and respirators was the strongest theme to emerge from the discussion. Participants reported that it is not unusual for some types of facemasks to be unavailable during nonemergency periods. It was highlighted that the use of facemasks and respirators is not continuous, but rather is limited to selected situations, locations, and patients. Reuse of facemasks and respirators is also common in some settings. Finally, some participants reported believing that the reuse of facemasks, particularly cloth masks, is safe, whereas others believed that the reuse of masks put staff at risk of infection.In low and middle-income countries, access to appropriate levels of personal protective equipment may be restricted owing to competing demands for funding in hospital settings. It is important that issues around reuse and extended use of medical masks/respirators and decontamination of cloth masks are addressed in policy documents to minimize the risk of infection.
Anaerobic bioremediation of hexavalent uranium in groundwater by reductive precipitation with methanogenic granular sludge

Uranium has been responsible for extensive contamination of groundwater due to releases from mill tailings and other uranium processing waste. Past evidence has confirmed that certain bacteria can enzymatically reduce soluble hexavalent uranium (U(VI)) to insoluble tetravalent uranium (U(IV)) under anaerobic conditions in the presence of appropriate electron donors. This paper focuses on the evaluation of anaerobic granular sludge as a source of inoculum for the bioremediation of uranium in water. Batch experiments were performed with several methanogenic anaerobic granular sludge samples and different electron donors. Abiotic controls consisting of heat-killed inoculum and non-inoculated treatments confirmed the biological removal process. In this study, unadapted anaerobic granular sludge immediately reduced U(VI), suggesting an intrinsic capacity of the sludge to support this process. The high biodiversity of anaerobic granular sludge most likely accounts for the presence of specific microorganisms capable of reducing U(VI). Oxidation by O(2) was shown to resolubilize the uranium. This observation combined with X-ray diffraction evidence of uraninite confirmed that the removal during anaerobic treatment was due to reductive precipitation. The anaerobic removal activity could be sustained after several respikes of U(VI). The U(VI) removal was feasible without addition of electron donors, indicating that the decay of endogenous biomass substrates was contributing electron equivalents to the process. Addition of electron donors, such as H(2) stimulated the removal of U(VI) to varying degrees. The stimulation was greater in sludge samples with lower endogenous substrate levels. The present work reveals the potential application of anaerobic granular sludge for continuous bioremediation schemes to treat uranium-contaminated water.
Adhesion preventing material

An object of the present invention to provide an antiadhesive material designed to have time-varying fluidity as it exhibits a gel form of high fluidity at the time of administration, and exhibits a gel form of low fluidity after it is administered to an incised and sutured site. A powdery antiadhesive material to be mixed with an aqueous solvent upon use containing alginic acid and/or a salt thereof, that is configured to be mixed with the aqueous solvent upon use so that the viscosity at 37° C. is less than or equal to 70 mPas·s at the time of 5 minutes after mixing with the aqueous solvent, and the viscosity at 37° C. is more than or equal to 120 mPas·s at the time of 60 minutes after mixing, will have high fluidity at the time of administration when it is mixed with an aqueous solvent upon use in a clinical scene, and have low fluidity after it is administered to an incised and sutured site, and thus is capable of satisfying both the excellent operability and the antiadhesive effect.
The skeletal effects of historical transitions in lifestyle

In the last 10 millennia humans have changed the way we live, moving from mobile hunter-gathering to farming and the urban living we are most familiar with today. Since 2008 more than 50% of the global population live in cities. But what effect has this had on our bodies? Understanding how we have adapted to past transitions is vital to interpreting archaeological remains and to anticipate the physical effects of this ongoing modern transition to a highly technologically dependent urban species. The goal of TRANSITIONS is to develop the research capacities of the European Fellow, in his broad area of interest in human variation and evolution. It will provide advanced training in the context and study of the skeletal consequences of changes in lifestyle and activity through a series of defined objectives for resaerch and training that  compare skeletal form and function within and between past populations with different subsistence and lifestyle strategies; hunter gatherers, agriculturalists and urban dwellers. The results will provide new insights into how different lifestyles and their functional consequences affect skeletal form.  Multiple factors impact on the skeleton, yet there is a discernible, consistent trend with increasing modernity towards ‘gracilization’. Thus, despite the multifactorial causes, to what extent are skeletal effects similar or different between transitions to agriculture and to urban or other ways of life? The answer will reflect how flexible our responses are to similar and different pressures and the extent to which we can use knowledge of historical transitions to interpret archaeological material and anticipate current and future ones.  As well as providing advanced training by applying cutting-edge techniques, The ER will be supervised and trained in broader aspects of academic activity, knowledge transfer and career development, enabling him to position himself as a potential research leader.
Further evidences of the quality of double-hybrid energy functionals for π-conjugated systems

Despite numerous interesting efforts along decades to improve the accuracy of density functionals with broad applicability, such as B3LYP, there are still large sets of molecular systems where improvements are badly needed. We select π-conjugated systems as an example of the latter due to the subtle interplay between some physical effects affecting possibly most of the calculations: self-interaction or delocalization error, medium-range correlation signatures, dispersive-like weak interactions, and static correlation effects. We further assess a recently proposed modification of the B2-PLYP double-hybrid functional, called B2π-PLYP, that is expected to yield substantial progress for this kind of systems. Generally speaking, when compared with other more popular and older density functionals, double hybrids behave particularly accurate for π-conjugated systems without suffering the large errors that are common in former yet conventional methods.