SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Natural selection during the recurrent evolution of a major social trait

A major question in evolutionary biology is understanding how complex novel phenotypes evolve. The 20,000 species of ants provide a unique framework to understand which genes are involved in social evolution and which tradeoffs underpin changes in social organization. Ants are characterized by a remarkable division of labor whereby individuals from specialized castes reproduce (queens, males) while others (workers) build and defend the nest, rear brood and forage for food. The ancestral social organization which evolved ~140 million years ago included a single queen and her highly related offspring. However, there have been at least 24 convergent evolutionary transitions from this ancestral social form to a derived form of social organization with multiple reproductive queens per colony. Importantly, differences in queen number are associated with major life history differences including dispersal strategy, intracolony relatedness, pathogen load, territoriality, intra- and inter-species competitiveness and ecological niche. These cases offer comparisons which can be used to identify potential genetic switches between different social systems. Our proposal will build extensively on the massive natural replication these large numbers of convergent occurrences provide. Are any genes or pathways consistently under different selection pressure after a species has transitioned to exclusively multiple-queen colonies? Does the derived form of social organization have additional effects on genome evolution such as reducing the efficacy of selection? We will address such questions using a strong phylogenomic framework encompassing 40 species and 15 convergent transitions. Our results will have major implications on our understanding of the mechanisms and costs involved in the evolution of this complex social phenotype.
Anordning for omdannelse av bölgebevegelser i vann til utnyttbar elektrisk energi

Anordning for omdannelse av bølgeenergi til elektrisk energi,. omfattende en lang, stiv bjelke (44) som mellom sine ender er opplagret i et svingeledd (40) som bæres av en plattform (10). på bakken. En ende av bjelken rager utover over vannet. En sirkulær flottør (54) holdes av den ytre ende av bjelken, via et universalledd (64). Den indre ende av bjelken, motsatt av flottøren, er forbundet med hydraulikk- eller fluidpumper (42) som frembringer hydraulisk fluid eller fluider under trykk på grunn av bølgebevegelsen til flottøren. Energien i det hydrauliske fluid eller fluidene driver en elektrisk generator.
Violência doméstica contra a mulher e a agravante pandemia

O presente artigo teve como objetivo analisar a violência doméstica sofrida pelas mulheres durante o enfrentamento da pandemia COVID-19. A primeira parte da pesquisa o objetivo foi mostrar como era a vida da mulher no antepassado, mostrando como a sociedade a tratava e como as leis resguardava tal absurdo; Já na segunda parte o intuito foi mostrar a origem dos direitos das mulheres e como foi evoluindo ao longo do tempo, levando em conta toda a influência internacional; Na terceira parte foi falado mais sobre a violência doméstica e da opressão que o gênero feminino sofre e ainda mostrado o quão alarmante são os casos de violência doméstica contra a mulher no Brasil; Por último foi levado em consideração as consequências do isolamento social provocada em virtude da pandemia COVID-19. Com isso chegamos à conclusão de que a violência doméstica contra a mulher sempre foi algo corriqueiro na vida das brasileiras, porém em março de 2020, com a agravante pandemia, esse problema foi intensificado evidenciando que ainda temos muito o que melhorar para então chegarmos em uma sociedade justa e igualitária.
Modeling and optimization of two-stage procurement in dual-channel supply chain

An online marketing platform should be designed to fairly take the benefits of buyers and suppliers into consideration based on their risk preferences and business strategies. In this paper, the dual-channel supply chain models are developed to implement the risk-averse strategy for buyers and risk-neutral strategy for suppliers, respectively. The buyers under the consideration are the manufacturers who acquire raw materials, parts, or components to make their final products. The major factors in the developed models include the risk preferences of buyers and suppliers, random price fluctuations of goods, and varying demands of final products. To reflect the purchasing practice of a manufacturer, (1) a supply chain is considered to have two supply channels, i.e., contract-based purchase with a lead-time before the goods are used and a direct purchase from online spot markets when the goods are used; (2) the time factor on decision making is specially taken into account, and the procurements are divided into the contract stage of purchase and online stage of purchase. Gaming analysis is conducted to develop the supply chain models for manufactures and suppliers to implement their purchasing or pricing strategies. The simulation is conducted and the result has shown that two-stage purchases in a dual-channel supply chain have improved the performances of suppliers and manufacturers in terms of the profits they can make, their supply---demand relations, and their adjustability to uncertainties in globalized and segmented markets. The proposed model has its significance for manufacturers to better control the price risk of goods and the demand risk of final products; on the other hand, suppliers can benefit from adjusting dynamic sales using online spot markets.
Working capital subsidy for “Roads and Bridges Jan Kaczmarczyk”

The project concerns support to the entrepreneur in providing liquidity and support to day-to-day activities due to the financial difficulties that have occurred to the entrepreneur as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak. Financial assistance under scheme SA.57015 (2020/N)
YARNS, FIBRES OR FILAMENTS AND USE THEREOF, IN PARTICULAR IN ROPES

The invention relates to yarns, fibres or filaments, in particular based on polyamide, which can be used to produce ropes. More specifically, the invention relates to climbing ropes containing said yarns, fibres or filaments and having good mechanical properties, particularly under conditions of high relative humidity.
Framework for Evaluating Sustainability of Transport System in Megalopolis and its Application

Abstract It has been acknowledged that megalopolises are playing a leading role in the processes of both economic development and culture change. Thereupon, the new emphases on sustainability of transportation system in megalopolis are creating new demands for adequate approach to measure its performance and diagnosis potential drawbacks. By examining the descriptions of sustainable transport system as well as its evaluating approach, a framework with the general applicability and easily accessible data resource for evaluating sustainability of transport system in megalopolis is developed based on nature of regional structure and the feature transport demand in megalopolis. The proposed framework is applied in the analysis and comparison of Jing-Jin-Ji and Yangtze River Delta..
The influence of the relative phase between the driving voltages on electron heating in asymmetric dual frequency capacitive discharges

The influence of the relative phase between the driving voltages on electron heating in asymmetric phase-locked dual frequency capacitively coupled radio frequency plasmas operated at 2 and 14 MHz is investigated. The basis of the analysis is a nonlinear global model with the option to implement a relative phase between the two driving voltages. In recent publications it has been reported that nonlinear electron resonance heating can drastically enhance the power dissipation to electrons at moments of sheath collapse due to the self-excitation of nonlinear plasma series resonance (PSR) oscillations of the radio frequency current. This work shows that depending on the relative phase of the driving voltages, the total number and exact moments of sheath collapse can be influenced. In the case of two consecutive sheath collapses a substantial increase in dissipated power compared with the known increase due to a single PSR excitation event per period is observed. Phase resolved optical emission spectroscopy (PROES) provides access to the excitation dynamics in front of the driven electrode. Via PROES the propagation of beam-like energetic electrons immediately after the sheath collapse is observed. In this work we demonstrate that there is a close relation between moments of sheath collapse, and thus excitation of the PSR, and beam-like electron propagation. A comparison of simulation results to experiments in a single and dual frequency discharge shows good agreement. In particular the observed influence of the relative phase on the dynamics of a dual frequency discharge is described by means of the presented model. Additionally, the analysis demonstrates that the observed gain in dissipation is not accompanied by an increase in the electrode's dc-bias voltage which directly addresses the issue of separate control of ion flux and ion energy in dual frequency capacitively coupled radio frequency plasmas.
GLOBALIZING INFORMATION: THE ECONOMICS OF INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY TRADE

Introduction How Trade-Related Are Intellectual Property Rights? Intellectual Property Rights, Licensing and Economic Growth Vertical Distribution, Parallel Trade and Price Divergence in Integrated Markets Parallel Imports and the Pricing of Pharmaceutical Products: Evidence from the European Union The Impact of Parallel Imports on Investments in Cost-Reducing Research and Development Transfer of Technology to Developing Countries: Unilateral and Multilateral Policy Options Intellectual Property Rights, Technology Transfer and Exports in Developing Countries Southern Innovation and Reverse Knowledge Spillovers in a Dynamic FDI Model How National and International Financial Development Affect Industrial R A Test of the HOV Theorem: The Leontief Commonplace Development-Related Biases in Factor Productivities and the HOV Model of Trade Estimating the Knowledge-Capital Model of the Multinational Enterprise Quantifying the Impact of Services Liberalization in a Developing Country Regulatory Standards in the WTO: Comparing Intellectual Property Rights with Competition Policy, Environmental Protection and Core Labor Standards Economic Perspectives on a Multilateral Agreement on Open Access to Basic Science and Technology Developing and Distributing Essential Medicines to Developing Countries: The DEFEND Proposal Differentiated Intellectual Property Regimes for Environmental Technologies.
Plan de negocios para la elaboración y exportación de bolsas de té a base de ayahuasca (Banisteriopsis Caapi) a los países bajos

The current business plan proposes the creation of a company that will develop and export tea bags of Ayahuasca to the Netherlands. Ayahuasca is a plant found in the Ecuadorian Amazon that has unique medicinal properties, several studies have mentioned that the consumption of this plant could be considered as a natural tool to improve the well-being perceived by an individual, as well as helping people that suffer from anxiety, depression, Parkinson's disease, help drug addicts in rehabilitation processes, among others. The product consists in tea bags prepared of 100% Ayahuasca roots. The product will feature an organic certification from the European Union (EU) in order to ensure the consumer obtains a safe product that meets the high demand for value-added products that are characteristic of this industry. The export process will be developed by an intermediary broker, an expert in the Dutch market, that will distribute the product to the target market: men and women who are living in urban areas of the Netherlands, with an age range of 20-64 years that belong to the socioeconomic levels A/B, C and C+. The Netherlands is the fifth largest consumer of tea in the EU, 90% of the Dutch population drinks tea, and their annual consumption is 90 liters per capita, which translates into more than two cups a day per person. Additionally, the Netherlands has no domestic production of tea, so the country completely depends on its imports; there is no direct competition in that market for Ayahuasca tea. This business plan requires an initial investment of US$112,182.00, which includes the value of labor capital, the cost of the initial stock, machinery and equipment, among other pre-operating expenses. The break-even point will be reached in the tenth month of the first year; at the end of the first fiscal year, profit will be obtained. In addition, the results of the Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return of the analyzed scenarios in the financial plan of this business plan were positive and exceeded the minimum rate of return that was set, so the project is considered profitable.
Novelty: A History of the New

If art and science have one thing in common, it's a hunger for the new - new ideas and innovations, new ways of seeing and depicting the world. But that desire for novelty carries with it a fundamental philosophical problem: If everything has to come from something, how can anything truly new emerge? Is novelty even possible? In Novelty, Michael North takes us on a dazzling tour of more than two millennia of thinking about the problem of the new, from the puzzles of the pre-Socratics all the way up to the art world of the 1960s and '70s. The terms of the debate, North shows, were established before Plato, and have changed very little since: novelty, philosophers argued, could only arise from either recurrence or recombination. The former, found in nature's cycles of renewal, and the latter, seen most clearly in the workings of language - between them we have accounted for nearly all the ways in which novelty has been conceived of in Western history, including reformation, renaissance, invention, revolution, and even evolution. As he pursues this idea through centuries and across disciplines, North exhibits astonishing range, drawing on figures as diverse as Charles Darwin and Robert Smithson, Thomas Kuhn and Ezra Pound, Norbert Wiener and Andy Warhol, all of whom offer different ways of grappling with the idea of originality. Novelty, North demonstrates, remains a central problem of contemporary science and literature - an ever-receding target that, in its complexity and evasiveness, continues to inspire and propel the modern. A heady, ambitious intellectual feast, Novelty is rich with insight, a masterpiece of perceptive synthesis.
Policies & Measures to Support Local & Regional Innovation Ecosystems

The transfer of innovation and knowledge produced by the RTOs (Research  and Technological Organisations) and higher education to the local & regional businesses remains one of the most important gaps and difficulties in terms of Innovation & Growth. It is key to generate economic exploitation of the R&D results and particularly important in local & regional areas of Smart Specialisation (RIS3) and innovation opportunity. 

Also, there is a clear need to improve and connect regional Challenges and Opportunities of RIS3, to local innovation policies and stakeholders, highlighting the role of the “territory” as the place where interlinkages happen and knowledge flows. For such purpose, regional & local authorities should play a key role of intermediation and, in accordance to ecoRIS3 objectives, promote better policies and measures to generate solid interactions between key stakeholders, to orchestrate sustainable innovation ecosystems within RIS3 strategies responding to the existing challenges and gaps. 

Among the key activities and within a first phase of 3 years, further to a series of exchange of experience and learning though interregional events (4 thematic workshops, 3 horizontal Seminars and 9 Study Visits), the partners will produce: 1 Peer review document on "The role private and public stakeholders play in the local ecosystem in order to absorb innovation" ; 7 SWOT Analysis, 7 Action Plans and identify 64 Good Practices, that will benefit the key actors of the quadruple helix (Public sector, Civil Society, RTO & High Education, SMEs & Industry).
Fishery Mediterranean Network

Decades of overfishing have dramatically harmed the Mediterranean fisheries sector. Catches are now diminishing, impacting negatively on revenues and jobs. As a result, fishing appeal to young people is sharply decreasing. Yet, fishing is still a key Mediterranean economic sector with a high - through underexploited - commercial potential including diversification and integration with other sectors such as fishing tourism, environmental marine services, fishery heritage and food-chain innovation. Unfortunately, the industry remains too fragmented, MSMEs are not enough interconnected and the public authorities are not proving capable to provide the needed enabling environment. FISH MED NET addresses these enduring drawbacks. The project will train fisheries MSMEs in increasing their diversification and integration potential and favoring the development of new products and services. New business alliances will fill the integration gap among MSMEs by fostering common business models and marketing activities. Finally, the project will develop public authorities capacities to encourage both a sustainable and successful development of the fishing sector.
Polaritons in the quantum regime (pinquar)

Semiconductor optical microcavities host hybrid light-matter quasi-particles known as polaritons, formed by strong coupling between cavity photons and quantum well excitons. Polaritons are interacting bosons, which above a critical density may condense into a single quantum state. Polariton condensates have enabled fascinating discoveries, yet state of the art experiments remain within the mean-field limit. This means that the physics is governed by a large number of polaritons per mode.  We propose to develop polariton systems operating in the quantum regime, where the physics is governed by single or few polaritons.  Enhancing the polariton non-linearity is a pre-requisite for accessing the quantum regime. Therefore, our proposal begins with studies of extreme non-linear optical phenomena still within the mean-field limit. In particular, we will study bifurcations, exceptional points, and spin-squeezing. Next, we will enter the quantum regime by exploiting interference effects between coupled polariton modes to generate non-classical light via an effect known as unconventional photon blockade. Our final objective is to demonstrate the conventional photon blockade, wherein a single photon in a highly nonlinear cavity blocks the entrance of a second one. Polaritons IN the QUAntum Regime (PINQUAR) will enable previously inaccessible fundamental studies and applications where photons can be emitted one-by-one, non-classical photon statistics can be engineered in time and energy, and quantum simulations can be performed in a controlled solid-state platform suitable for all-optical integrated circuits.
INCOME INEQUALITY IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA: TRENDS, DETERMINANTS, AND PROPOSED REMEDIES

The issue of income inequality in the People's Republic of China (PRC) has attracted world-wide attention, leading to a sizable literature. This paper attempts to provide a nonexhaustive literature review of the PRC's inequality trends and determinants, and suggested government interventions. It discusses profiles of income inequality along three dimensions: interhousehold disparity, regional divides, and urban–rural gaps. This is followed by an exploration of the driving forces behind rising inequality, including the notorious hukou system, policy biases, location or geographic factors, globalization, and education. Finally, the paper summarizes and proposes government interventions for containing or reducing income inequality in the PRC. Important areas for future research are also suggested in the final section of the paper.
Evaluation of the relationship between the main lineament trends and the geometry of the drainage network using SPOT-5 and SRTM data: a case study from Bulghah area, Saudi Arabia

This paper aims to evaluate the relationship between lineament trends and drainage network orientations at Bulghah area, Saudi Arabia, using SPOT-5 and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) elevation data. Three sectors namely A, B, and C represent the study area. They are covered by Hulayfah volcanics intruded by diorite intrusion, and they are traversed by numerous lineaments of various directions and lengths. Lineaments and drainage network distribution maps are generated using panchromatic SPOT-5 imagery and SRTM data, respectively. Rose diagrams for lineaments and drainage lines are constructed to demonstrate the main azimuth trends dominated in each sector. The results of the present study revealed the presence of a strong and a close relationship between lineament trends and drainage network orientations. Most of the drainage channels are structurally controlled, and they are following Nabitah and Najd fault directions. At sectors “A” and “C,” the drainage networks are completely coincide with the major lineaments having NW–SE, NE–SW, and E–W directions. At sector “B,” the N–S to NNE Nabitah older strike–slip fault has been offseted by NW–SE Najd fault system. Lineament density map for the study area is generated using lineaments lengths (km) to locate the most promising areas for groundwater exploration. This study presents two promising sites for groundwater exploration at sectors A and C.
Dna helicases in genome maintenance: from molecular and cellular mechanisms to specific inhibitors as potential drugs

Helicases are ubiquitous enzymes, found in viruses, Bacteria, Archaea and eukaryotic cells. They act as motor proteins to separate or remodel DNA or RNA duplexes, using ATP as an energy source. Helicases play a key role in a variety of cellular processes, including DNA replication/repair/recombination, as well as RNA translation and transport. They are emerging as an important class of targets for antiviral, antibiotic and anti-cancer drugs. To date, several genetic and biochemical studies have revealed the molecular and physiological functions of DNA helicases. Moreover, protein three-dimension structural studies coupled with single molecule biophysical approaches have provided insights into structure-function relationships and reaction mechanisms of some key DNA helicases. With a consortium including experts with complementary competence and expertise in Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Clinical Oncology, and a strong commitment of companies involved in drug discovery or in the development of state-of-the-art biophysical instrumentation, we aim to: 1. obtain a detailed picture of the mechanism of action and the physiological role of a number of DNA helicases that are implicated in human diseases; 2. discover specific inhibitors of those enzymes, which can then be tested as novel therapeutic drugs, especially for cancers; 3. address the need for training next generation scientists with complementary approaches and diverse techniques by secondments in different laboratories of the consortium; 4. promote a culture of collaboration between academic and private sectors and provide young scientists with the necessary experience and skills to exploit the full potential of research findings; 5. provide early stage researchers with greater opportunities to access an increasingly competitive job market; 6. promote the values of Open Science and educate young scientists on the importance of a culture of openness, transparency, accessibility, integrity and reproducibility.