SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Risk-sharing in heterogenous agent models with incomplete markets.

This thesis examines the impact of different risk sharing arrangements under incomplete financial markets on macroeconomic outcomes. The first two chapters are joint work with Giacomo Rodano. In the first chapter, we examine the effects of Chapter 7 of the US bankruptcy law on entrepreneurs. The latter are subject to production risk. They can borrow and in case they fail they can default on their debt. We examine the optimal wealth exemption level and the optimal credit market exclusion duration in this environment. In addition to unsecured credit, entrepreneurs can also obtain secured credit in the second chapter. Secured credit lowers the cost of a generous bankruptcy regime because agents who are rationed out of the unsecured credit market can still obtain secured credit. Therefore, the optimal exemption level is relatively high. In the third chapter, I investigate the effects of wealth exemptions on interest rates if entrepreneurs can choose the riskiness of their project. The default possibility leads to a kink in the value function which makes agents locally risk-loving. In the fourth chapter, I focus on consumers only. In particular, I show that wealth exemptions are of particular importance in a model with expense shocks. Wealth exemptions encourage people to save more so that aggregate savings rise. The model is also consistent with the fact that consumer bankruptcy cases are not correlated with wealth exemption levels. The fifth chapter is joint work with Rigas Oikonomou. We compare two environments: on the one hand the standard one in which a household consists of one member and, on the other hand, one in which a household consists of two members who share their risks perfectly. We investigate the differences between the two models in labor market flows and volatilities of labor market statistics in response to productivity shocks.
Identifying American Beer Geographies: A Multiscale Core-Cluster Analysis of U.S. Breweries

The recent growth in the U.S. brewing industry is remarkable, and the prevailing number of breweries has not been seen since the late nineteenth century. Several studies have shown that beer-producing facilities are spatially uneven across the United States. These previous studies used spatial units, however, such as metropolitan statistical areas, that might bias conclusions. Using a multiscale core-cluster approach, we explicitly identify where significant agglomerations of brewers are located. Our approach offers two refinements to standard cluster detection methods. First, instead of using fixed spatial boundaries, our method allows us to measure the concentration of brewery point locations across a spectrum of spatial scales. Additionally, our approach enables us to account for important underlying factors that influence the location of beer production. We use point data for all U.S. breweries in 2014. Our results show that the localization of beer production is significant and strongest at small spa...
Design of PID Controller with Adaptive Neural Network Compensator for Formation Control of Mobile Robots

In this paper, a PID controller with adaptive neural network compensator is proposed to control the formations of mobile robot. The control system is composed of a kinematic controller based on the leader-following robot and dynamic controller for considering the dynamics of the mobile robot. The dynamic controller is constituted by a PID controller and the adaptive neural network compensator for improving the performance and compensating the change in dynamic characteristics. Simulation results show the performance of the PID controller and the neural network compensator for the circular trajectory and linear trajectory. And it is verified that by improving the performance of a PID controller via the adaptive neural network compensator, the following robot`s tracking performance is improved.
Measurements of Astrocyte Proliferation

Astrocytes, the most abundant cell type in the brain, proliferate during brain development. While it is generally accepted that mature astrocytes do not proliferate, neural stem cells, which have characteristics of astrocytes, retain the ability of self-renewal. Furthermore, astrocytes can regain their proliferative properties under pathological situations, such as reactive astrogliosis, a consequence of brain injury and brain tumors. Measurements of astrocyte proliferation can thus be used in investigations of physiological and pathological processes occurring in the developing and the adult brain. This chapter describes two methods for the determination of astrocyte proliferation: the incorporation of a radioactive nucleotide [(3)H]thymidine into DNA, which occurs during the process of DNA synthesis preceding cell division, and the flow cytometric analysis of cell cycle progression through the different phases of the cell cycle by BrDu/Hoechst and ethidium bromide labeling.
Tailoring metal-organic framework glasses with higher fracture toughness

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of organic-inorganic hybrid materials with high porosity. Recently, it has been discovered that a subset of MOFs, namely zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), can be melted and quenched into glasses. This makes it possible to prepare bulk, transparent ZIF glasses with modifiable organic and inorganic building units. However, preliminary results have shown that one of the representative ZIF glasses, ZIF-62, exhibits lower fracture toughness than most traditional oxide glasses. This seriously limits the scope of possible ZIF glass applications within, e.g., gas separation and storage.

In the proposed project, we will explore the composition-structure-mechanical property relationship of ZIF glasses. The aim is to optimize the glass composition and structure to achieve improved fracture toughness, while not significantly lowering the strength and stiffness. To this end, we will first systematically vary the ZIF glass structure by tuning the composition, thermal history, and pressure history, in addition to subjecting the glasses to irradiation by heavy ions. Then the mechanical properties of the different glasses will be measured. Finally, these experiments will be complemented by atomistic simulations and machine learning predictions to identify optimized glass structures with improved mechanical performance.

The project builds on complementary expertise of the fellow applicant (atomistic simulations, machine learning) and supervisor (mechanics, MOF glasses). Together with the research and training environment provided by the host organization (Aalborg University, Denmark), this will ensure the achievement of this timely and innovative project as well as the dissemination and exploitation of the expected results. The research outputs will lead to new understanding of fracture behavior of MOF materials. The fellow applicant will emerge from the project with new skills, and the capability to launch his own research group.
Evaluation of autofluorescence and toluidine blue in the differentiation of oral dysplastic and neoplastic lesions from non dysplastic and neoplastic lesions: a cross-sectional study

The objective was to compare toluidine blue (TB) and autofluorescence (AF) for the detection of oral dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in clinically suspicious lesions according to conventional examination. Fifty-six clinically suspicious lesions were subjected to AF and TB examination. Data were compared using two different scenarios: in the first, mild dysplasia was considered as positive, while in the second, it was considered as negative. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy, and concordance were calculated. AF sensitivity and specificity were 70.0 and 57.7%, respectively, while TB showed a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 61.5%. The sensitivity increased in the second scenario in both AF (76.5%) and TB (88.2%). The specificity decreased in AF and TB, showing the same value (51.3%). PPV was higher in TB than in AF (70.6 versus 65.6%) and similarly for NPV (72.7 versus 62.5%). In the second scenario, TB PPV was 44.1% and NPV was 90.9%; AF PPV was 40.6% and NPV was 83.3%. TB showed greater accuracy than AF in the first scenario (62.5 versus 58.9%). AF and TB are both sensitive but not specific in OSCC and dysplasia diagnosis.
ANTI-VANDALISM AND CUT RESISTANT FABRIC

The present invention relates to a fabric comprising at least two layers and/or two directions of individual elements of which at least one individual element is a reinforced element comprising a metal component, preferable a steel component, which elements are interwoven but have only an indirect connection created by chemicals, plastics, rubbers or by a connection elements which are weaker than the reinforced element. The invention further relates to the use of said fabric as an anti-vandalism and/or cutting resistant fabric.
Metallic ions released from stainless steel, nickel-free, and titanium orthodontic alloys: Toxicity and DNA damage

The aims of this study were to determine the amounts of metallic ions that stainless steel, nickel-free, and titanium alloys release to a culture medium, and to evaluate the cellular viability and DNA damage of cultivated human fibroblasts with those mediums.The metals were extracted from 10 samples (each consisting of 4 buccal tubes and 20 brackets) of the 3 orthodontic alloys that were submerged for 30 days in minimum essential medium. Next, the determination of metals was performed by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, cellular viability was assessed by using the tetrazolium reduction assay (MTT assay) (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), and DNA damage was determined with the Comet assay. The metals measured in all the samples were Ti(47), Cr(52), Mn(55), Co(59), Ni(60), Mo(92), Fe(56), Cu(63), Zn(66), As(75), Se(78), Cd(111), and Pb(208).The cellular viability of the cultured fibroblasts incubated for 7 days with minimum essential medium, with the stainless steel alloy submerged, was close to 0%. Moreover, high concentrations of titanium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, iron, copper, and zinc were detected. The nickel-free alloy released lower amounts of ions to the medium. The greatest damage in the cellular DNA, measured as the olive moment, was also produced by the stainless steel alloy followed by the nickel-free alloy. Conversely, the titanium alloy had an increased cellular viability and did not damage the cellular DNA, as compared with the control values.The titanium brackets and tubes are the most biocompatible of the 3 alloys studied.
Public Services in sparsely populated Mountain Regions - New needs and innovative strategies

In today's mobile society and economy, the provision with public services (or more precisely: with services of public interest) is a locational key factor. Topographical features and frequently low population density mean that the public services in Alpine regions generally cover only a part of their costs. Market liberalisation and other factors threaten to reduce the availability of some services even further. New supply strategies are required to improve the quality of public services while reducing costs.
The project “PUSEMOR” aims at developing sustainable strategies and innovative solutions for improving the provision of public services in sparsely populated mountain regions. This with the ambition to grade up these regions both as economic place and as place of residence. To reach the goals, PUSEMOR will focus on the transnational exchange of experience and a intensive “learning from others” in an important field of spatial development.
Enineering material properties with advanced laser direct writing

Ultrafast laser material processing is approaching its limits in terms of ability to produce innovative materials with
compositional and structural consistency. The main idea of this project is to remove barriers to product development and go
beyond state-of-the-art by applying tailored and few-cycle laser pulses (FCLPs) for engineering of materials.
In this project I will investigate the interaction between intense ultra-short light pulses and matter at or below the wavelength
scale reaching states of matter found only deep planetary conditions.A key goal of the project is to exploit these extreme
conditions for synthesising unique material phases with on-demand optical and electronic properties, and progress photonic
devices with utilizing FCLP advantages: control over the bond scissoring density; efficient and highly localized energy
deposition; seeding of self-organized nanostructures; manipulation of spatio-temporal coupling.
Currently, a key limitation is plasma scattering that diminishes the performance of engineered materials. The question I will
address is whether control of ultra-short pulses can lead to ways around this limitation. The control of self-organization
process will revolutionize the field of data storage by achieving record high 100 TB/cm3 densities, high writing speed and
practically unlimited lifetime. I will radically improve the performance of printed flat optics with perfected nanostructures
engineered from nano- to macro-scale and capable of replacing conventional optics significantly advancing photonic devices
used in high-resolution microscopy, consumer electronics, and high-power laser applications. I envisage obtaining exotic
material phases such as metallic phases of silicon and tailored metallic nanoparticles in silicate glass. Hence this project will
push the frontiers of laser material processing to unprecedented precision and will develop novel family of devices that will
feed into the future of optics, electronics and computing
4-AMINO-2-(HETERO)ARYL-BUTANAMIDES USEFUL AS 5-HT1A-ANTAGONISTS

Amide derivatives of the formula (I): R<5>NR<4>(CR2)2CHR<3>CONR<1>R<2> and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are 5-HTA1A binding agents and may be used, for example, as anxiolytics. The radicals, R, R<1>, R<2>, R<3>, R<4> and R<5> have specified meanings.
Development of functional genomic screens to identify conserved host cell processes targeted by fungal effector proteins

In nature, fungi live in close contact with many different hosts: plants, other fungi, insects and even vertebrates including humans. They do so because the host often supplies key nutrients, which enables the fungus to grow and successfully reproduce. In many cases though, a fungus can act as a parasite and infects the host. As a result, the host mounts an immune reaction to combat the fungal infection. The fungus, in turn, has evolved ways to circumvent the immune reaction. This “arms race” between fungus and host has given rise to a plethora of secreted proteins that the fungus uses to suppress the host immune responses and circumvent host defence reactions. These secreted proteins from fungi that function in this arms race are commonly known as “effectors”. A very important plant pathogenic fungus that is predicted to encode close to 500 of such effector proteins is the barley powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Unravelling the functions of these effector proteins will provide important insights into fungal pathogenicity and host immunity. To date, the roles of the vast majority of the effector proteins are unknown. One way to elucidate the functions of these numerous effector proteins is to express each separately in model eukaryotic organisms like yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and identify conserved cellular targets of these effector proteins. This approach has proven to be very successful in identifying targets of bacterial effector proteins. In the project described here, this yeast- and algae-based system will be applied for the first time for fungal effector proteins. 
Effectors are, besides being used by fungi to infect plants and other organisms, also a potential new source to rewire cells. When interesting conserved targets of these effectors are found, it opens up ways to use them in biotechnology and for medical purposes.
Scaling of a midsized patented low energy, light weight, highly efficient actuator to meet the demands of smaller and larger scale functions

The Smart Actuator Company Ltd develops smart, RIFT Driven® actuators our first was delivered to market in Q3-2013.  The system is proven to use 25% less copper, be 80% lighter and 75% more energy efficient than our competitors.  Early success means that the first two years production scheduling is already sold to 90% capacity and The Smart Actuator Company now own global rights for the use of RIFT Technology in electrically powered actuators.  Put simply, we believe our technology is a game changing product capable of delivering benefits worldwide by dramatically reducing;
• energy required to automate everyday tasks in many applications
• volume of raw materials, including copper and magnets, used to    manufacture automated systems
• inventory and therefore administration complexity
• weight, thereby reducing fuel use in logistics and shipping
• Carbon Footprint in manufacturing and distribution
• need for sourcing manufacturing capability outside Europe
Διαδικασίες και αλγόριθμοι handover για συστήματα κινητής επικοινωνίας

In the current study the mechanism of switching between cells (handover) in mobile communication systems is presented and analyzed in detail. The handover methods are mainly applied in cellular systems and categorized according to various characteristics in hard or soft handovers, horizontal or vertical handovers, and handovers controlled by the network or the mobile device, or assisted by the mobile device. Handover decision algorithms play important role in the described processes. Main categories of handover decision algorithms are those based on the received signal strength, fuzzy logic and priority. In this study, a priority algorithm known as SJ-scheme is simulated, using Matlab software and, in particular subsystems Simulink and Stateflow. The proposed model consists of six major subsystems: Input Subsystem, Channels Size Subsystem, Memory Subsystem, Call Completion Subsystem, Scope Subsystem and Handover Subsystem which is the heart of the model and includes two main blocks, one that implements the new call management process and one that implements the procedure for managing handovers. Besides creating a simulation model, in this work results of running the simulation and measured data are presented and discussed. Matlab plots and graphical representations produced are examined to make clear the way that the proposed model works.
Platform-Enabled kits of artificial intelligence for an easy uptake by smes

KITT4SME specifically targets European SMEs and mid-caps to provide them with scope-tailored and industry-ready hardware, software and organisational kits, delivered as a modularly customisable digital platform, that seamlessly introduce artificial intelligence in their production systems.
Uptake of the resulting packages and of the provided services is strongly supported by the clear characterisation and market readiness of the individual components as well as by the platform grounding on the already established RAMP marketplace. Leverage on the network of Digital Innovation Hubs, three of which are represented in the consortium, ensure that KITT4SME are widely distributed to a wide audience of companies in Europe.
Seamless adoption of the customised kits is made possible by a Powered by FIWARE infrastructure that flawlessly combine factory systems (such as MES and ERP), IoT sensors and wearable devices, robots, collaborative robots and other factory data sources with functional modules capable to trigger data-driven value creation.
Co-integration and causality analysis of dynamic linkage between economic forces and equity market: An empirical study of stock returns (KSE) and macroeconomic variables (money supply, inflation, interest rate, exchange rate, industrial production and reserves)

This study explores the short and long term dynamic relationship between macroeconomic variables and stock returns (KSE) for the period from January 1999 to December 2008. Macroeconomic variables include money supply, consumer price index, treasury bills rates, exchange rate, industrial production and reserves. The time series data have been used to examine by employing Johansen and Juselius multivariate cointegration, bivariate cointegration and Granger causality which indicates long term relationship among money supply, consumer price index and industrial production. Granger Causality test provides evidence about lead lag unidirectional relationship between macroeconomic variables and stock returns (KSE). Vector error correction model explores the short term dynamic negative significant relationship among interest rate, exchange rate and also inflation on Karachi Stock Exchange. Money supply has a positive impact, creates the liquidity and accepts the null hypothesis of positive impact on equity market. Variance decomposition test determined that macroeconomic variables are an important source of volatility for the Karachi Stock Exchange. The contribution of this research is used to identify macroeconomic variables that are considerable factors and determinants of Karachi Stock Exchange movements. It also indicates that policy makers should be more careful and watchful about the sensitivity in designing the monetary policy.

	 

	Key words: Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE), dynamic, macroeconomic variables, causality, vector error correction model (VECM), cash inflows, present value, co-integration.
Flushing Without Cascades

Buffer-and-flush is a technique for transforming standard external-memory search trees into write-optimized search trees. In exchange for faster amortized insertions, buffer-and-flush can sometimes significantly increase the latency of operations by causing cascades of flushes. In this paper, we show that flushing cascades are not a fundamental consequence of the buffer-flushing technique, and can be removed entirely using randomization techniques. The underlying implementation of buffer flushing relies on a buffer-eviction strategy at each node in the tree. The ability for the user to select the buffer eviction strategy based on the workload has been shown to be important for performance, both in theory and in practice. In order to support arbitrary buffer-eviction strategies, we introduce the notion of a universal flush, which uses a universal eviction policy that can simulate any other eviction policy. This abstracts away the underlying eviction strategy, even allowing for workload-specific strategies that change dynamically. Our deamortization preserves the amortized throughput of the underlying flushing strategy on all workloads. In particular, with our deamortization and a node cache of size poly-logarithmic in the number of insertions performed on the tree, the amortized insertion cost matches the lower bound of Brodal and Fagerberg. For typical parameters, the lower bound is less than 1 I/O per insertion. For such parameters, our worst-case insertion cost is O(1) I/Os.