SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Transitive inference reasoning is impaired by focal lesions in parietal cortex rather than rostrolateral prefrontal cortex

Transitive inference reasoning involves the examination and comparison of a given number of relational pairs in order to understand overall group hierarchy (e.g., A>B, B>C, C>D; therefore is A>D?). A number of imaging studies have demonstrated the role of the parietal cortex for resolving transitive inferences. Some studies also identify the rostrolateral prefrontal cortex as being critical for “relational integration” processes supporting transitive reasoning. To clarify this issue, we carried out a transitive inference study involving neurological patients with focal lesions to the rostrolateral prefrontal ( n =5) or parietal cortices ( n =7), as well as normal controls ( n =6). The patients and controls were statistically matched on age, education, pre-injury IQ, general memory, working memory, and performance/full IQ, though the rostrolateral patients did score significantly higher than the normal controls on verbal IQ. Results indicate that patients with focal lesions to the parietal cortex were impaired in the task relative to both the patients with focal lesions to rostrolateral prefrontal cortex and the control group, and there was no difference in task performance between the rostrolateral prefrontal and the control groups. This result continued to hold after controlling for verbal IQ as a covariate. These findings point to a critical role for the parietal cortex, rather than the rostrolateral prefrontal, in transitive inference. Since the groups performed similarly on a working memory task, working memory cannot fully account for the result, suggesting a specific role of parietal cortex in transitive inference. ► Transitive inference reasoning involves the examination of relational pairs (e.g. A>B; B>C; C>D). ► The parietal cortex (PLC) is important for resolving transitive inferences. ► Other studies implicate frontal cortex (BA 10) for resolving transitive inferences. ► This patient study implicates the PLC rather than BA 10 for this task. ► This result is not fully explained by working memory deficits in PLC patients.
Assessment of Spectral and Temporal Resolution in Cochlear Implant Users Using Psychoacoustic Discrimination and Speech Cue Categorization

This study was conducted to measure auditory perception by cochlear implant users in the spectral and temporal domains, using tests of either categorization (using speech-based cues) or discrimination (using conventional psychoacoustic tests). The authors hypothesized that traditional nonlinguistic tests assessing spectral and temporal auditory resolution would correspond to speech-based measures assessing specific aspects of phonetic categorization assumed to depend on spectral and temporal auditory resolution. The authors further hypothesized that speech-based categorization performance would ultimately be a superior predictor of speech recognition performance, because of the fundamental nature of speech recognition as categorization.Nineteen cochlear implant listeners and 10 listeners with normal hearing participated in a suite of tasks that included spectral ripple discrimination, temporal modulation detection, and syllable categorization, which was split into a spectral cue-based task (targeting the /ba/-/da/ contrast) and a timing cue-based task (targeting the /b/-/p/ and /d/-/t/ contrasts). Speech sounds were manipulated to contain specific spectral or temporal modulations (formant transitions or voice onset time, respectively) that could be categorized. Categorization responses were quantified using logistic regression to assess perceptual sensitivity to acoustic phonetic cues. Word recognition testing was also conducted for cochlear implant listeners.Cochlear implant users were generally less successful at utilizing both spectral and temporal cues for categorization compared with listeners with normal hearing. For the cochlear implant listener group, spectral ripple discrimination was significantly correlated with the categorization of formant transitions; both were correlated with better word recognition. Temporal modulation detection using 100- and 10-Hz-modulated noise was not correlated either with the cochlear implant subjects' categorization of voice onset time or with word recognition. Word recognition was correlated more closely with categorization of the controlled speech cues than with performance on the psychophysical discrimination tasks.When evaluating people with cochlear implants, controlled speech-based stimuli are feasible to use in tests of auditory cue categorization, to complement traditional measures of auditory discrimination. Stimuli based on specific speech cues correspond to counterpart nonlinguistic measures of discrimination, but potentially show better correspondence with speech perception more generally. The ubiquity of the spectral (formant transition) and temporal (voice onset time) stimulus dimensions across languages highlights the potential to use this testing approach even in cases where English is not the native language.
A SYSTEM AND A METHOD FOR COLLECTING AND HANDLING DUST IN A PAPER-MAKING ENVIRONMENT

The invention relates to a system (1) and a method for collecting and handling dust in a paper-making environment. The system (1) comprises a source of underpressure (2) and an elongated collector (4) that extends along a longitudinal axis and which elongated collector (4) is connected to the source of underpressure (2) through at least one suction duct (7) such that underpressure can be generated inside the elongated collector (4). The elongated collector (4) has an inlet (5) through which dust-laden air can enter the elongated collector (4) and an exit opening (6) leading to the suction duct (7) through which exit opening (6) dust-laden air can be evacuated from the elongated collector (4). A source of water (8) is connected by at least one water supply duct (10) to the elongated collector (4) such that water from the source of water (8) can be introduced into the elongated collector so that dust in the dust-laden air can be exposed to and mix with the water introduced into the elongated collector (4). A flow meter (12) is functionally connected to the system (1) to measure at least one of a flow of water from the source of water (8) to the elongated collector (4) or a flow of water exiting from the elongated collector (4) through the exit opening (6) of the elongated collector (4) and arranged to send a signal indicating a numerical value for a flow of water that reaches or leaves the elongated collector (4) such that this value can be compared to a predetermined minimum value. The system is used to carry out the inventive method.
Spatial-temporal variation of vegetation phenology and their relationships with vegetation degradation in a Qinghai Lake watershed

This paper presents a threshold method to examine the vegetation phenology in a Qinghai Lake watershed based on a time-series analysis of a MODIS EVI dataset from 2000 to 2014using 16-day intervals.The spatio-temporal variation of vegetation phenology and the relationship with vegetation degradation were also analyzed.The results showed that the beginning of the vegetation growing season(BGS)occurred from mid-April to mid-June and the end of growing season(EGS)from mid-August to mid-October;growing season(GS)was between 100 to 150days.The BGS spatial pattern was embodied by a transition from southeast to northwest;vertical zonation in the mountainous region showed a contrary trend in EGS and GS.Spatio-temporal variation of vegetation phenology at the whole watershed level showed spatial heterogeneity under climate change,but mean BGS trends were not pronounced during the study period.EGS was advanced approximately 6.4days and GS prolonged by 8.9days.Vegetation phenology was also affected by vegetation degradation.BGS tended to be later when vegetation flourished and advanced when vegetation was degraded.The relationship between annual EGS date and vegetation degradation was relatively complex.EGS and vegetation degradation were significantly negatively correlated indicating EGS was earlier where the vegetation was in good condition.
Temporal judgments of immediate and delayed consequences of self-initiated movements.

This study was designed to examine the impact of a delay between a self-initiated movement and a subsequent auditory event on temporal judgements of movement or sound onset. Participants watched a red dot move in a clockwise direction around a circle displayed on a computer screen and reported when they had pressed the spacebar or heard a tone. In other conditions, the movement and tone both occurred. Specifically, the tone followed the button press either immediately or after delays of 100, 250, or 400 ms. On some trial blocks, participants were asked to judge the time of the button press and on other blocks the time of the tone. When the tone occurred alone, participants' judgements were accurate. When the movement occurred alone participants exhibited an anticipatory bias. Although a delayed tone had a modest impact on judgements movement initiation, button press judgements were anticipatory in all tone delay conditions. Thusly temporal judgements associated with event binding are affected more by voluntary action than the auditory consequences of that action.
MACHINING HEAD FOR THE MECHANICAL, IN PARTICULAR CUTTING, MACHINING OF A WORKPIECE

The invention relates to a machining head (1) for the mechanical, in particular cutting, machining, in particular for the actuation, of a workpiece (2), comprising: - a housing (4), - a housing-side coupling region (8) for coupling a machining tool (5) to be coupled to the machining head (1), wherein the housing-side coupling region (8) comprises at least one coupling interface (9) for directly coupling a machining tool (5) to be coupled to the machining head (1).
Combining microscopy with mesoscopy using optical and optoacoustic label-free modes

Biology requires observations at multiple geometrical scales, a feature that is not typically offered by a single imaging modality. We developed a hybrid optical system that not only provides different contrast modes but also offers imaging at different geometrical scales, achieving uniquely broad resolution and a 1000-fold volume sampling increase compared to volumes scanned by optical microscopy. The system combines optoacoustic mesoscopy, optoacoustic microscopy and two-photon microscopy, the latter integrating second and third harmonic generation modes. Label-free imaging of a mouse ear and zebrafish larva ex-vivo demonstrates the contrast and scale complementarity provided by the hybrid system. We showcase the superior anatomical orientation offered by the label-free capacity and hybrid operation, over fluorescence microscopy, and the dynamic selection between field of view and resolution achieved, leading to new possibilities in biological visualization.
Efficient grid connected buildings: a distributed control framework for managing flexible loads

The renewable energy penetration targets set by EU  and US  necessitate a radical change in the way we operate the electric power grid. Conventional power grid was designed around dispatchable central power plants at a transmission level providing services down to industrial, commercial and residential end-users at a distribution level. Increased penetration of the intermittent and uncertain renewable energy sources effectively implies additional load and generation flexibility is required at multiple time-scales to ensure safe and stable operation of the electric grid. Since conventional generation is increasingly displaced by renewables, this additional flexibility can no longer be sourced solely from conventional plants. 

According to the International Energy Agency, buildings are responsible for about 40% of the global energy consumption, and about 50% of the energy used in a building is accounted for by the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system. Thus, improving operational efficiency of HVAC systems will results in large savings in the energy consumption. Moreover, buildings present a unique opportunity as flexible loads that can be controlled to provide ancillary services to the electric power grid, and thus enable high penetration of renewables.  High thermal capacity of large commercial buildings allow real-time control of their HVAC systems to regulate electricity demand as required for grid stability, without effecting the quality of service in the building significantly.

In this project, our objective is to develop (1) novel scalable optimal control algorithms that reduce building peak load and energy consumption, (2) a distributed control framework for coordinating multiple buildings as flexible energy resources for ancillary services, and (3) tools for assessing the performance of this framework from economic, environmental and sustainability perspectives.
The ovarian cycle of the fish Leptobotia elongata Bleeker, endemic to China.

Histological analysis of Leptobotia elongata Bleeker ovaries revealed five stages in oocyte development (oogonia, previtellogenic oocytes, vitelline vacuolated oocytes, vitellogenic oocytes and mature oocytes) based on nucleoli, follicle cells and vitellogenesis. Five time-dependent stages in ovarian maturation were characterized based on the appearance and the color of the ovaries and the gonadosomatic index (GSI). Lipid, protein and glycoprotein content varied with the development of the oocytes. Females captured during periods of ovarian ripening had the highest GSI values, their length ranged from 327 to 375 mm, and their body weight between 326 to 483 g. The seasonal variation of GSI indicated that the spawning season of L. elongate was from May to July. This study will underpin future work on the population dynamics of L. elongata which, in turn, is required for the management of the commercial resource.
The Effect of Storage Time of Chopped Oil Palm Fruit Bunches on the Palm Oil Quality

Abstract The bulkiness of the fresh fruit bunches (FFB) cause ineffectiveness of heat distribution into the inner layers of the fruits and simultaneously led to poor palm oil quality. Thus, this research was conducted to determine the effect of storage time of chopped FFB on the palm oil quality and stripping efficiency. The FFB was chopped using a fabricated chopper blade and stored for 30 min to 120 min. The results showed that the FFA, moisture content, DOBI and carotene content were ranged 1.19% -2.21 ± 0.394%, 0.175 - 0.411 ± 0.097%, 2.74 - 0.85 ± 0.746 and 430.402 - 326.081 ± 0.768 ppm respectively. The chopped FFB also had better stripping efficiency compared to unchopped FFB.
Inter-State Variation in Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine Coverage Among Adolescent Girls in the 50 US States, 2007

Human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination could substantially reduce the burden of cervical cancer by preventing HPV infection. This study uses the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) to estimate HPV vaccine coverage prevalence for US girls aged 12-17, the target group for vaccination. NSCH is a population-based telephone survey of households with children younger than 18 years. The proportion of girls aged 12-17 whose parent or guardian reported receipt of a clinician recommendation for HPV vaccination, one or more does of HPV vaccine, or a complete three-dose HPV vaccine series were estimated. Multivariable models estimated adjusted associations and marginal predicted vaccine coverage prevalence for each of the 50 US states and according to race/ethnicity, household income, insurance status, parental education, and whether the girl had a 'medical home'. The NSCH sample included 17,264 girls aged 12-17. Overall 18.2 % (SE 0.8 %) of girls reportedly received at least one HPV vaccine dose and 3.6 % (SE 0.4 %) completed the series; 31 % received clinician recommendation for HPV vaccine. Girls who received a clinician recommendation to vaccinate were 23 (95 % CI 18-29) times as likely to be vaccinated as those not counseled. There was substantial interstate variation in vaccine coverage that was largely explained by variability in clinician counseling. For 2007, there was substantial variation in HPV vaccine coverage among US girls 12-17 years that was largely explained by variability in clinician counseling. Strategies aimed at increasing clinicians' counseling for HPV vaccination could substantially reduce disparities in HPV vaccine coverage.
Jonathan Draws the Long Bow

wolves and grisly bears prowl about his room at night, but he sleeps so sound he's obliged to be thrown out of the window every morning to wake him. Mother missed him when he was a baby, and found him at last seated on a hornet's nest, playing at bo-peep with a couple of rattlesnakes. As an infant, 'Zekiel was a wonder, I guess; he had razors and bayonets for toys, walked in top-boots when he was three days old, sucked hot coals, and used to rub his gums with a nutmeggrater; they weaned him the very day he was born, and fed him on pap made of flint-stones and lignumvitae soaked in prussic acid. His appetite, for a boy, was awful; he once eat a buffalo and three parts of a horse and then asked if tea wasn't ready. When Nash travels by rail, he gets out to walk a trifle of forty or fifty miles, and waits an hour till the train overtakes him. The engine comes up, panting and blowing, and often says with a forced laugh, Bust my biler, 'Zekiel, but of all mortal critters, you're the biggest; I recon your father was a flash of lightning, and your mother an airthquake. Darn me if you aint an ornament to creation. 1
LOW GROWTH POWER TRANSMISSION BELT

A power transmission belt (10), and more particularly a toothed power transmission belt, comprising a longitudinally extending tensile member (18) composed of one or more carbon fiber cords, wherein the belt exhibits belt growth of not more than 0.1 % based on its original length after 48 hours under High Temperature Belt Growth Analysis performed at 100 DEG C, and a method for producing such belts exhibiting reduced belt growth.
Preparation and Characterization of Magnetically Responsive Bacterial Polyester Based Nanospheres for Cancer Therapy

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are natural, thermoplastic polyesters and due to their biocompatible and biodegradable properties they are good alternatives for the production of scaffolds for engineered tissues or nanoparticles for drug delivery. As a member of polyhydroxyalkanoate family, polyhydroxybutyrates (PHB) have been widely used as a biomaterial for in vitro and in vivo studies since their mechanical properties are very similar to conventional plastics. By using multi-emulsion technique, iron oxide particles were coated with polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) polymer synthesized from Alcaligenes eutrophus bacteria and the magnetic carrier system was prepared accordingly. The bare nanoparticles and magnetic nanoparticles were morphologically, structurally and magnetically characterized by using Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Atomic force microscope (AFM); Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR), and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) techniques, respectively. Particle size of PHB nanoparticles was determined by Zeta Sizer. It was found that the smallest particles were in the range of 239.43 +/- 5.25 nm in diameter. Concanavalin-A (Con-A) was used for targeting the cancer cells while etoposide was used as drug. Con-A and etoposide were loaded onto the particles. Release studies of etoposide were evaluated and the system was optimized for the further in vivo applications. Finally different formulation magnetic PHB nanoparticles cytotoxicity were evaluated in cell culture studies and used HeLa cell line (cervical cancer cells) as a cancer cells and L929 cells (mouse fibroblast cells) as a non-cancer cell line.
Flocculation ofBacillus amyloliquefaciens HDisintegrates with Cationized Starch and Aminated Hydroxyethylcellulose

The ability of cationized hydroxyethylated starch (CHES) and aminated hydroxyethylcellulose (DEAE-HEC) to flocculate cell disintegrate of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H (BamHI) was investigated. The efficiency of flocculation was compared to that of synthetic polymer polyethyleneimine (PEI) and natural polysaccharide chitosan. The influence of salt concentration and biomass concentration on flocculation efficiency was investigated. It was found that the efficiency of flocculation with CHES and DEAE-HEC was similar to that of PEI but better compared to chitosan. Recovery of total soluble proteins at higher than 0.3% concentration of flocculant decreased by more than 18.8% and 42.3% compared to PEI and chitosan, respectively. The yield of BamHI restriction endonuclease activity with all flocculants was similar except for chitosan where 13.1% lower yield was obtained. Meanwhile, efficiency of flocculation with CHES and DEAE-HEC depends drastically on the salt concentration, that is, flocculation diminishes if ...
Precious metal enrichment in the Platreef, Bushveld Complex, South Africa: evidence from homogenized magmatic sulfide melt inclusions

Magmatic sulfide deposits are the most significant source of platinum-group elements (PGE) in the world. Key to understanding their genesis is determining the processes and timing of sulfide saturation, metal enrichment and crustal contamination. In this study, we have identified droplets of magmatic sulfide from the Platreef, South Africa, where droplets of sulfide have been trapped in the earliest crystallising phase, chromite. Due to their early entrapment at high temperatures, metal concentrations and ratios that they display are indicative of a very early-stage sulfide liquid in the system, as they will have cooled and fractionated within an essentially closed system, unlike interstitial blebs that crystallise in an open system as the magma cools. Analysis of these droplets in an opaque mineral like chromite by LA-ICP-MS is problematic as some of the fractionated inclusion is necessarily lost during cutting and polishing to initially identify the inclusion. This particularly affects the ability to representatively sample the most fractionated phases such as gold and platinum minerals. Here, using a novel technique whereby the inclusions are homogenized and quickly quenched, so that any cutting, polishing and subsequent LA-ICP-MS analysis samples a truly representative portion of the droplet. This has been used to show that early sulfide liquids in the Platreef were highly PGE-rich and had Pt/Pd ratios of close to unity that supports genetic models invoking sulfide saturation and metal enrichment prior to intrusion, with pre-enriched sulfides entrained within the Platreef magma.