SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Science and technology for the explanation of ai decision making

A wealthy friend of mine asks for a vacation credit card to his bank, to discover that the credit he is offered is very low. The bank teller cannot explain why. My stubborn friend continues his quest for explanation up to the bank executives, to discover that an algorithm lowered his credit score. Why? After a long investigation, it turns out that the reason is: bad credit by the former owner of my friend’s house.

Black box AI systems for automated decision making, often based on ML over (big) data, map a user’s features into a class or a score without explaining why. This is problematic for lack of transparency, but also for possible biases inherited by the algorithms from human prejudices and collection artefacts hidden in the training data, which may lead to unfair or wrong decisions. 

I strive for solutions of the urgent challenge of how to construct meaningful explanations of opaque AI/ML systems, introducing the local-to-global framework for black box explanation, articulated along 3 lines: a) the language for explanations in terms of expressive logic rules, with statistical and causal interpretation; b) the inference of local explanations for revealing the decision rationale for a specific case; c), the bottom-up generalization of many local explanations into simple global ones. An intertwined line of research will investigate both causal explanations, i.e., models that capture the causal relationships among the features and the decision, and mechanistic/physical models of complex system physics, that capture the data generation mechanism behind specific deep learning models.
I will also develop: an infrastructure for benchmarking, for the users' assessment of the explanations and the crowdsensing of observational decision data; an ethical-legal framework, for compliance and impact of our results on legal standards and on the “right of explanation” provisions of the GDPR; case studies in explanation-by-design, with a priority in health and fraud detection.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RUNNING TWO TUBING STRINGS INTO A WELL

A well has a vertical casing (13) with a window (14), and a lateral wellbore which communicates with the window, and which may have a casing (18) or liner. A window assembly (31) aligned with the window (14) has respective passageways for first (51) and second (52) tubing strings, and has a concave surface (36) for deflecting the first tubing string out into the lateral wellbore. The passageway for the second tubing string has a portion which is inclined at a very small angle with respect to a vertical centerline of the vertical casing. As the first tubing string is run into the vertical casing, a rotational locator (126) is releasably coupled thereto by a soft release coupling mechanism (176). After the locator effects rotational orientation, the coupling mechanism (176) is released and then permits the first tubing string (51) to move therepast without damage. A seal assembly (56) on the first tubing string (51) is covered by a protective sleeve (147) as it is inserted into the well, and exits the protective sleeve (147) after entering the lateral wellbore.
SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR RANGING OPERATIONS USING MULTIPLE SIGNALS

Method and system for performing ranging operation are provided. In one example, a transmitter is configured to transmit a first signal having a first signal level and a second signal having a second signal level, the second signal being transmitted after the first signal, the first signal and the second signal being separated by a time gap configured based on a minimum distance of a range of distances to be measured by the LiDAR module. The first signal level and the second signal level are configured based on the range of distances to be measured by the LiDAR module, a range of levels of reflectivity of a target object to be detected by the LiDAR module, and a dynamic range of a receiver circuit to receive the first signal and the second signal. Ranging operation can be performed based on the time-of-flight of at least one of the first signal or the second signal.
Barrel assemblies of membrane active artificial foldamers

Development of resistance by bacteria to antibiotics makes design of novel antimicrobial compounds increasingly important. As persistent cells often become slow-growing or dormant, strategies targeting their membrane are becoming more relevant. For several natural antimicrobial peptides function can be coupled to scaffolds with high sheet content. Toxic oligomers may assemble into hydrophilic or lipophilic sheet rich barrel constructs. However, this mechanism is not understood, greatly hindering rational development of similar compounds.
My main research goal is to reach insight into the structure-function relationships of the barrel molecular scaffold and to gain understanding of how its ability to protect internal parts from the environment may contribute to toxicity. To approach this problem, I aim to design and study foldamer oligomer assemblies. I hope to define the fundamentals of how peptide - lipid bilayer interactions govern formation of potentially toxic oligomers at a molecular level. This may be exploited for developing new antimicrobial compounds.
Foldamers are highly similar to natural peptides in terms of structural diversity, thus they are ideal model systems, in several cases showing antibiotic activity and enzyme resistance. The computationally designed, structures will be studied with experimental methods in model membranes. I have experience with theoretical (QM&MD) and experimental tools (polarized light spectroscopy). However, characterisation of solution phase membrane systems requires use of additional techniques and I aim to learn more into X-ray scattering methods (SAXS,WAXS). In the lab of Prof. Attila Bota, I will have optimal conditions to gain expertise with these. The Host Institute will also provide a professionally organized and equipped environment, where I would have excellent chances to be offered a tenured position. I expect that the results and the planned outreach activities will have a positive impact on EU research.
Ti-Graphene bone tissue template engineering

The BonE-GraphT aims to develop a new approach, based on bone template engineering using which the entire load-bearing structure might be possible to regenerate for replacing the damaged bone. The proposed approach, once developed, will be possible to align with the tissue-engineering bio-reactor technology for in-theatre use, which may be able to meet the demand for current shortage in treating the damaged load-bearing long bones (e.g. tibia femur) in trauma, osteoporotic bones and other bone defects. Within my research I am going to develop a new biomaterial: Calcium Phosphate coated graphene composite on porous Ti-alloy substrate via pulsed laser deposition techniques for enabling biocompatibility via osteoconductive process, promoted via progenitor stem cells. For research training as an orthopaedic materials engineer within which I aim to solve orthopaedic defects as a global problem I will deal with the following Research Training Activities (RTAs); i) Ti-alloy based graphene/calcium phosphate materials processing using femtosecond PLD; ii) Characterization of bio-active materials surface; iii) Characterization of cell cultivation, toxicity, attachment and mineralization; iv) Design of model bone structure.
This training is not only beneficial for the my scientific career development, but also for the host institute (the University of Leeds) and the general public health. The above listed training activities will be supplemented by a number of non-Technical skills for my career development. As a result of this cross-disciplinary project the fellow will be a well-rounded biomaterials research engineer who will be in future qualified for perusing an academic career at the University of Leeds in the area of advanced biomaterials for tissue engineering and drug delivery. Necessary research training and supervision at the UoL will be provided by the Engineering supervisor Prof. Animesh Jha (AJ) and the clinical supervisor Prof. Peter. V. Giannoudis (PVG).
Indoor and outdoor Air quality and Respiratory Health in Malta and Sicily

Both indoor and outdoor air pollution have significant impact and risk for human health. Fossil fuel burning by powerstations, chemical industry and motor vehicle emission represent major outdoor air polluting sources which may result in health effects. This project will assess a sample of the Maltese, and Gela communities for known respiratory diseases, using standardized scientific questionnaires, and making measurements of the status of the respiratory system and of the level and type of allergies of these populations. Specific measurements of indoor air pollution will be made while routine data for outdoor air pollution will be obtained. The project will attempt to identify the conditions determining the relationship between exposure to pollutants and health effects, by the analysis of main risk factors. The recruitment of specialised research assistants and technicians under the supervision of scientists is necessary. As regards to the measurement of indoor pollution, the use of specific equipment will be needed and the relevant technical expertise developed. It is planned to produce guidelines aimed at the prevention of health effects in subjects living in environments at risk for the presence of indoor pollutants. Such data will be of great importance in planning and regulating sources of both indoor and outdoor air pollution, and taking the necessary measures to reduce the impact on human health.
_x000D_L'inquinamento dell'aria negli ambienti sia indoor sia outdoor possiede un impatto significativo sulla salute dell'uomo e costituisce un importante fattore di rischio. La combustione di combustibili fossili in centrali termiche, le industrie chimiche e le emissione dei veicoli con motori a combustione interna rappresentano le maggiori sorgenti di inquinamento dell'aria outdoor e possono determinare effetti sulla salute. Il presente progetto valuterà un campione della popolazione di Malta e Gela per patologie respiratorie, utilizzando questionari scientifici standardizzati, e eseguendo misurazioni delle condizioni dell'apparato respiratorio e del livello e del tipo di allergie di queste popolazioni. Saranno eseguite misurazioni specifiche di inquinamento indoor mentre dati di routine sull'inquinamento outdoor verranno acquisiti. Il progetto tenterà di identificare le condizioni che possono determinare le relazioni fra l'esposizione agli inquinanti e la salute, per mezzo dell'analisi dei principali fattori di rischio. Sarà necessario il reclutamento di assistenti di ricerca e tecnici specializzati sotto la supervisione del personale ricercatore. Per quanto riguarda le misure dell'inquinamento indoor, saranno necessari l'utilizzo di strumentazione specifica e lo sviluppo delle relative experties tecniche. E' prevista la definizione di linee guida per la prevenzione degli effetti sulla salute in soggetti che vivono in ambienti a rischio per la presenza di inquinanti
Built particulate detergent containing a narrow range alcohol ethoxylate and a pet-poet copolymer soil release agent

Narrow range ethoxylate nonionic detergents, in combination with coil release promoting polyethylene terephthalate-polyoxyethylene terephthalate (PET-POET) copolymer (in place of broad range ethoxylate nonionic detergent and PET-POET copolymer) are of significantly and unexpectedly improved soil release promoting activity in built synthetic organic detergent compositions, of either the phosphate-built or non-phosphate-built types. Preferably, there will be present with the PET-POET copolymer a stabilizing proportion of polyacrylate, to stabilize the PET-POET copolymer against deterioration and loss of soil release promoting activity on storage at elevated temperature, especially when in contact with alkaline components of the detergent composition. The improved soil release promoting activity is most pronounced when the laundry to be washed and treated is subjected to repeated launderings with the invented compositions in cold water and when it includes polyester-containing fibrous materials.
Nomadic Work: Romance and Reality. A Response to Barbara Czarniawska’s ‘Nomadic Work as Life-Story Plot’

This article takes departure in Barbara Czarniawska’s discussion of ‘Nomadic Work as Life-Story Plot’. It contextualises her analysis of actors’ interpretations of nomadic work with a bi-focal review of the ambiguous realities of these phenomena. Firstly, an examination of key aspects of the socio-economic and political context of nomadic work in global neoliberal economies reveals precarious conditions that cloud romantic interpretations of nomadicity. Secondly, a review of studies of everyday practices of nomadic work shows how neoliberal, but also alternative futures are enacted through creative appropriation of collaborative technologies. One example is the work of digital ‘disaster deck’ volunteers and its potential for the mobilization of ‘rapid, highly localized assistance’ through closer collaboration between a distributed crowd, local communities, and official emergency responders (Starbird and Palen 2013). This and other examples suggest emergent new practices and politics of dwelling in mobility that are focused on sociality and collaboration, straddling virtual and physical commons. The twin critique developed in this response can augment narrative analysis to inform more integrated CSCW innovation that challenges the ‘brave new world of work’.
Global citizenship law: international migration and constitutional identity

Managing global migration is one of the most pressing issues of our time, particularly in Europe. With more than 230 million international immigrants, the manner in which new citizens are/should be ""created"" has become a controversial issue, morally and politically. Traditionally, international law has not regulated nationality law; naturalization requirements remain the last stronghold of national sovereignty. This project advances the establishment of a new subfield in public international law—International Citizenship Law (ICIL)—which would regulate nationality law. It asks a critical and timely question: what are/should be the international legal limitations/privileges imposed on/granted to states in setting naturalization requirements? In order to address this question, the project has five scientific objectives: [1] to investigate the history of the law of naturalization in international law and what it can teach us about 21th-century challenges; [2] to identify the most recent legal developments in the field of naturalization law and establish the most up-to-date international legal standards of naturalization law; [3] to set out the theoretical foundations and the justifications for the establishment of ICIL; [4] to analyze the normative and structural implications derived from an-ICIL approach for future citizenship policy development, as well as to identify the legal reforms that should be taken to promote an-ICIL approach; and [5] to explore the interrelationship between ICIL, immigration policy, and constitutional identity. In essence, the project seeks to formulate international legal standards by which states can admit immigrants without fundamentally changing their cultural heritage and slipping into extreme nationalism. The outcome can serve as a basis for a future reform in international law, EU law, and national legal systems. As the immigration debate reaches a decisive moment, this project has both theoretical significance and policy implications
FASTENING A GAS BAG IN AN AIRBAG MODULE BY MEANS OF A CLAMPING CONNECTION

The invention relates to a gas bag fixture in an airbag module by means of a clamping connection. The airbag module is disposed in an airbag receptacle along with a retaining ring for an injection orifice of the gas bag, the airbag receptacle surrounding both the airbag module and the retaining ring. The width of the outside of the retaining ring decreases in the main pulling direction occurring when the gas bag unfolds while the width of at least some sections of the airbag receptacle or a component that is associated therewith is smaller above the retaining ring than the largest width of the retaining ring. The lower end of the gas bag, which forms the injection orifice, is folded over the retaining ring and extends between the retaining ring and the airbag receptacle or the associated component. The cross-section of the outside of the retaining ring (3) is provided with at least one conically tapering section in the main pulling direction (Z) occurring when the gas bag unfolds. A section (7) of the interior wall of the airbag receptacle or the associated component, which runs at least approximately in the same direction as the main pulling direction (Z), is assigned to the conically tapering section.
AVL export support

The aim of the project is to support the participation in a series of international trade fairs between 2016 and 2018 (strengthening position on international markets, mainly European and Asian), the long-term competitiveness of the company in the high-pressure armaments market and metalworking. a.
A Case of Mediastinal Schwannoma Mimicking Subcarinal Lymphadenopathy in Concomitant Lung Adenocarcinoma

Palmiotti, Giuseppe A. MD*; Napoli, Grazia MD†; Ganimede, Maria P. MD‡; Semeraro, Vittorio MD‡; Pirrelli, Michele MD†; D’Alagni, Giancarlo MD* Author Information
Intelligent hydraulic systems enabling service business in heavy transport

The project transforms manufacturing driven SME supplying components to heavy transport and mobile machinery industry to an innovation driven SME gaining significant new turnover from value added services.

Hydraulic power systems are essential technology in several fields such as transport and machinery due to their unsurpassed power density.  There is a trend towards subcontracting the components among the vehicle and machinery manufacturers with strategic and long-term subcontracting relationships. Still, there is a 25% per year increase in the imports of hydraulic cylinders alone to EU.

Hydroline Ltd. is a family owned SME that has been successful in its business providing hydraulic components for mobile machinery but it's looking forward to take the next step in business development. The success of the company so far has been based on design and manufacturing prowess, close customer relations and continuous company development. Intensifying these strengths will stave off the price pressure at low-end market segment caused by non-EU competition. However, maintaining the growth path of the company will require generating and developing new opportunities. That requires development of proprietary technologies and IPR, products based on those, and even closer relationship with the customers.

The objectives of the proposal comprise of product development based on Hydroline’s filed patents and pre-patent innovations. In particular, the product development activities are development of 

1. intelligent, networked hydraulic cylinder to be used in system components.
2. integrated preventive maintenance system enabling value added services sales.
3. novel suspension kit based on the intelligent cylinder. 

and refinement of

4. innovation for energy harvesting. 
5. innovation for local pressure increase in an actuator.

The partners are Hydroline Oy and Hydroline Poland Sp. Zo. o. This core consortium is supported by subcontractors.
ELECTRICAL DEVICE, IN PARTICULAR INVERTER, IN PARTICULAR CONVERTER

The invention relates to an electrical device, in particular an inverter, in particular converter, the electrical device having a heat sink and a fan. The fan is surrounded by a base region of a fan housing, the fan housing comprises a guide region for a cable, in particular a supply cable of the fan, and is connected to the base region via a connecting region. The fan housing comprises a base region, connecting region and a guide region in particular in one piece, in particular as a plastic injection moulded part.
Bioinformatics for spatial metabolomics

Metabolomics is recognized as a crucial scientific domain, promising to advance our understanding of biology, physiology, and medicine. The emergence of high-resolution imaging mass spectrometry (HR imaging MS) opened doors to spatial profiling of hundreds of metabolites directly from tissue sections. However, clinical use of HR imaging MS is hampered by a lack of clinically-oriented bioinformatics tools for molecular interpretation of the complex and information-rich data produced. Our goal is to address this bottleneck. We will develop algorithms for high-throughput putative annotation of hundreds of metabolites, knowledge-based downstream analysis, and validation of biologically-relevant leads. We will create the METASPACE engine, an open online platform providing these tools integrated into validated workflows for clinical use. This engine will be evaluated in clinical case studies on metabolic phenotyping of tumor response to chemotherapy and polymicrobial infections in cystic fibrosis. This demonstration will raise awareness and build trust among potential end-users. METASPACE will create a research ecosystem for exploitation of spatial metabolomic data that benefits both academics and industry. An open-source approach will stimulate developments in this field and provide a sustainable platform capable of incorporating future bioinformatics. Our user-centred tools, linked to existing molecular databases, will enable researchers without mass spectrometry or bioinformatics experience to turn big and complex HR imaging MS data into molecular knowledge. A considerable outreach effort, alongside constant interaction with the clinical metabolomics community, will maximize impact and dissemination. By engaging and educating envisaged end-users, METASPACE will facilitate future clinical discoveries in studies that require untargeted metabolic profiling and imaging. Our project will drive innovation and create a novel bioinformatics research field centred in Europe.