SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Barriers to innovation: the case of Ghana and implications for developing countries

This paper analyses the barriers to innovation and innovativeness in the Ghana National System of Innovation (GNSI) in terms of the quadrilateral relationships between the following four actors: (a) government; (b) medium- and high-technology industries; (c) knowledge-based institutions; and (d) arbitrageurs (venture capital, finance capital and knowledge brokers). The paper contributes to research on systems of innovation in view of the wide recognition of the importance of National System of Innovation (NSI) for economic performance. The barriers to innovation in Ghana identified, through factor analysis, provide a framework to isolate systemic problems and enable policy makers to enhance effective policy delivery at the system level. This empowers the four actors to overcome the specific barriers to innovation and thus enabling the overall GNSI, through increased effectiveness and efficiency, to achieve higher levels of competitiveness. We find that barriers to innovation and innovativeness in Ghana factor significantly into the following: skills-Information and Communication Technology (ICT) capability/capacity; unsophisticated markets; deficient fiscal policy; and organisational risks.
Optimizing hormone therapy for future reproductive performance in women with premature ovarian failure

With increasing success in treatment of childhood cancer there is a growing population of women with premature ovarian failure (POF) seeking fertility treatment. Various preparations of estrogen and progestogen are prescribed for young women with POF. While the dose and duration of hormone therapy (HT) is usually adjusted according to the patient's height and the Tanner's stage of development for young pre-pubertal women, the optimal effective HT regimen to maximise the reproductive potential for young as well as for the older age group remains unclear. Furthermore, there is a paucity of evidence to support the preferential effectiveness of the different regimens used. Assisted reproduction using donated gametes or embryos remains the only realistic option to enable women with POF to conceive. Successful outcomes are primarily dependant on successful implantation and placentation. Consequently, the success of assisted reproduction is determined by uterine and endometrial development, which is largely influenced by the modality of HT as well as the age at which it is commenced. In this review, we critically appraise the current practices and published data for management of women with POF. We aim to focus on the effect of HT on uterine development in women with primary and irreversible POF.
COMPONENT FOR A COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF A GAS TURBINE

The invention relates to a component for a combustion chamber of a gas turbine, which component has a multi-layer structure in the form of ceramic films and/or paper made of pre-ceramic material, the inner and outer structure of the component being matched to the dimensions and conditions in the gas turbine combustion chamber. The invention further relates to a gas turbine combustion chamber having the component and to a method for producing the component.
Two-photon fabrication of photonic crystals by single-beam laser holographic lithography

We demonstrate a novel approach for the easy fabrication of photonic crystals (PCs) with arbitrary optical lattice using two-photon holographic lithography (HL). The quadratic dependence of the two-photon absorption process dramatically increases the contrast of the pattern and the low absorption coefficient of the photoresist at 720 nm lead to a high aspect ratio and low fluctuation of the pattern. By applying such a technique, defect-free and highly uniform one-dimensional gratings, two-dimensional quasicrystals, and three-dimensional (3D) face center cube-type PCs of high aspect ratio and small filling factor are obtained. This two-photon based HL technique is particularly suitable for making 3D PCs and quasicrystals with complex and fine structural details.
N2S2-TYPE BI-FUNCTIONAL NICOTINAMIDE CHELATING AGENTS FOR RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES

The invention pertains to novel compounds of general formula (I) in which M stands for a radioisotope of Tc or Re, L stands for a ligand of general formula (II) in which R<1>, R<2>, R<3>, R<4>, R<5> and R<6> can have different meanings and stand for groups which are suitable both for the coordinate bonding of metal ions and for coupling to selectively self-concentrating compounds. The novel compounds are used to form complexes of technetium and rhenium and are used in medical diagnostics and therapy.
USE OF ALKOXYLATION PRODUCTS OF EPOXIDIZED FATS AS ANTIFOAMING AGENTS

The invention concerns the use of alkoxylation products of epoxidized fats of which the rings are opened by nucleophiles as antifoaming agents in aqueous systems.
Diversion of Aging of Battery Cells in Automotive Systems

Automotive battery systems for hybrid or full battery electric vehicles have a voltage level of up to 400 V and therefore consist of a vast serial connection of battery cells. Hence, the worst cell in the string defines the overall pack performance and lifetime. A fact nowadays mostly neglected in system design is the spread in cell aging and also their initial behavior due to the production process, the cooling gradient and the position within the pack. This paper will show that it is mandatory to consider the diversification of the cells in system layout and packaging to optimize the lifetime on system level tremendously. Results of aging experiments with hundreds of cells regarding pack architectures under laboratory and therefore comparable conditions are given.
Advanced examination techniques applied to the qualification of critical welds for the ITER correction coils

Abstract The ITER correction coils (CCs) consist of three sets of six coils located in between the toroidal (TF) and poloidal field (PF) magnets. The CCs rely on a Cable-in-Conduit Conductor (CICC), whose supercritical cooling at 4.5 K is provided by helium inlets and outlets. The assembly of the nozzles to the stainless steel conductor conduit includes fillet welds requiring full penetration through the thickness of the nozzle. Static and cyclic stresses have to be sustained by the inlet welds during operation. The entire volume of helium inlet and outlet welds, that are submitted to the most stringent quality levels of imperfections according to standards in force, is virtually uninspectable with sufficient resolution by conventional or computed radiography or by Ultrasonic Testing. On the other hand, X-ray computed tomography (CT) was successfully applied to inspect the full weld volume of several dozens of helium inlet qualification samples. The extensive use of CT techniques allowed a significant progress in the weld quality of the CC inlets. CT is also a promising technique for inspection of qualification welds of helium inlets of the TF magnets, by far more complex to examine due to their larger dimensions.
Climate Change and Weather Extremes in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East

Abstract Observation‐based and modeling studies have identified the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East (EMME) region as a prominent climate change hotspot. While several initiatives have addressed the impacts of climate change in parts of the EMME, here we present an updated assessment, covering a wide range of timescales, phenomena and future pathways. Our assessment is based on a revised analysis of recent observations and projections and an extensive overview of the recent scientific literature on the causes and effects of regional climate change. Greenhouse gas emissions in the EMME are growing rapidly, surpassing those of the European Union, hence contributing significantly to climate change. Over the past half‐century and especially during recent decades, the EMME has warmed significantly faster than other inhabited regions. At the same time, changes in the hydrological cycle have become evident. The observed recent temperature increase of about 0.45°C per decade is projected to continue, although strong global greenhouse gas emission reductions could moderate this trend. In addition to projected changes in mean climate conditions, we call attention to extreme weather events with potentially disruptive societal impacts. These include the strongly increasing severity and duration of heatwaves, droughts and dust storms, as well as torrential rain events that can trigger flash floods. Our review is complemented by a discussion of atmospheric pollution and land‐use change in the region, including urbanization, desertification and forest fires. Finally, we identify sectors that may be critically affected and formulate adaptation and research recommendations toward greater resilience of the EMME region to climate change.
Model Development of Constructability

The choice of the construction system is a multivariate decision making with criteria that vary from one project to the other, depending on the particularities and constraints imposed on the builder. This research develops a tool that measures the constructability of various construction projects. The decision making logic is based on fuzzy set theory (FST). FST is used to address uncertainties in decision making. The tool is generic enough to allow the user to encompass the criteria of the project at hand and to select the construction system best suited for its execution. The objective of this research is the development of the decision support model and the demonstration of its use. This research also furnishes an extensive environment for further development. It provides the blueprint to achieve the overall goal of assessing the project constructability and smoothes the path for further refinement of the rules to be used at each step of the overall model. Through this model users are able to predict the feasibility of a project, and determine the most advantageous system to be used for its implementation. An analysis of the model illustrates that the results are accurate and the system demonstrates utility for practical use.
Radical pair-based magnetic sensing in migratory birds

The navigational and sensory abilities of night-migratory songbirds, travelling alone over thousands of kilometres, are absolutely staggering. The successful completion of these magnificent voyages depends crucially on the birds’ ability to sense the Earth’s magnetic field. Exactly how this magnetic sense works is one of the most significant open questions in biology and biophysics. The experimental evidence suggests something extraordinary. The birds’ magnetic compass sensor seems to rely on coherent quantum phenomena that indirectly allow magnetic interactions a million times smaller than kBT (Boltzmann’s constant multiplied by temperature) to be detected in biological tissue. QuantumBirds brings together quantum physics, spin chemistry, behavioural biology, biochemistry, and molecular biology in a unique, ambitious, imaginative and genuinely synergetic research programme that will prove whether the primary magnetic detection event occurring in the birds’ retinas involves the quantum spin dynamics of photochemically formed radical pairs in cryptochrome proteins.

We will address three specific questions:

1. Are avian cryptochromes capable of functioning as magnetic compass receptors?
2.  Do retinal neurons encode light-dependent, cryptochrome-derived magnetic information?
3. Are cryptochromes the primary magnetoreceptor molecules for magnetic compass orientation?

Success in this endeavour will: (a) revolutionise our understanding of magnetoreception, the least understood of all biological senses; (b) firmly establish the emerging field of “Quantum Biology” and thereby reduce by six orders of magnitude the threshold for sensory detection of weak stimuli in biological systems; (c) prepare the ground for the development of a novel and powerful range of bio-inspired magnetic sensing devices; and (d) provide insights that could be applied in quantum computing and guide research into the potential effects of weak anthropogenic electromagnetic fields on human health.
Evaluation of Analytic Performance of CA-1500 Automatic Coagulometor

Objective To evaluate the analytical performance characteritics of CA-1500 automatic coagulometor.Methods According to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards(NCCLS) EP5-A document,evaluate the within-run and Day-today precision of PT,APTT,TT,Fib,FⅧ: C,AT-Ⅲ and D-dimer on CA-1500 Automatic Coagulometor.Using quality control materials determinating the accuracy of the above tests.According to NCCLS EP6-P document,the linear range of Fib,FⅧ: C,AT-Ⅲ and D-dimer was analyzed.The low limited detection,carryover and the antijamming capability were evaluated.Results The within-run precision of PT,APTT,TT,Fib,FⅧ: C,AT-Ⅲ and D-dimer was lower than 1/4 allowable total error(TEa),while the between-day precision was lower than 1/3 TEa.The accuracy satisfied the laboratory requirement.Detecting of Fib,FⅧ: C,AT-Ⅲ and D-dimer has good linearity.The low limited detection,carryover and antijamming capability can meet the laboratory requirement.Conclusions The analytical performance characteristics of CA-1500 automatic coagulometor satisfy the laboratory performance goals.It can be used to analyze the patients' samples.
Establishing the hungarian center of excellence for molecular medicine in partnership with embl

After having identified the barriers hindering European level competitiveness in the field of molecular medicine for Hungary, the University of Debrecen, the University of Szeged, the Semmelweis University and the Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences united to create the Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine (HCEMM). They were joined by the National Research, Innovation and Development Office representing the Hungarian Government as project coordinator and by the European Molecular Biology Laboratory as leading scientific institution.

The goal of creating HCEMM is to develop a “game changer” organization in the form of a non-profit Ltd. which catalyzes reforming changes in the research culture and makes impact in the regional development of three Hungarian “knowledge regions”. The organizational and management model will ensure autonomy and scientific excellence with an international evaluation system. Research groups will be pursuing in cross cutting fields and will be reviewed every 5 years in order to ensure scientific excellence. Advanced core facilities, effective technology transfer and vibrant links to industry will also be provided. The headquarters will be in Szeged and the research groups will be located in state of the art facilities in Szeged and in Budapest. EMBL and HCEMM Nonprofit Kft. will conclude a partnership agreement, ensuring a continuous transfer of institutional, research and collaborative expertise, and access to the EMBL partnership network in Europe and beyond. 

Financing stability of HCEMM will be based on 52 M € coming from H2020 Teaming, the Hungarian Government and the founding institutions. For the long term sustainability the Governmental commitment and the financial support of the founding institutions will be gradually supplemented by increasing streams of income from diverse grant schemes, technology transfer, services, industrial collaborations.
Powder: development and optimisation of 3d printing with new certified powder material.

Conventional material removal machining in mould making is wasteful of material. Moulds machined from solid stock cut away >90% of the original material, thus >€1.1B is wasted annually in Europe. Selective Laser Melting (SLM), has been demonstrated to be more effective in injection mould making. However, SLM still represents <1% of all products in Europe because of limitations to its application. Chief is the high cost of the metal powder and the time of realisation of the parts. Powder costs €135/Kg with a single mould requiring >250 kg. The powder, once used, can only be re-used 5 times, thus >50% is thrown away. In a case study, 30Kg of powder was added to an SLM machine and the following results were obtained: -1.6 Kg used for the part - 1.4 Kg complete waste – powder sucked by filters - 27 Kg powder removed – 90% of the initial amount With the current powder, a single part may take >24 hours to complete, increasing the total cost of ownership of the moulds. Another concern is the inefficiencies in the laser systems of the current 3D printing machines. POWDER seeks to revolutionise 3D printing through development & certification of an atomised metal powder. We will use advanced Materials Science and specialised binding materials that will speed binding, reducing development time. To improve the wear resistance of the moulds, we will use a specialised ceramic coating with high hardness and low friction characteristics. To optimise the laser system, we will lower the cross-section parameters of the gain fibre by using a high saturation glass matrix. POWDER eliminates all barriers shielding clients from enjoying the benefits of SLM and provides the following benefits: » Reduce mould building time by >400% » Reduce moulding cycle time by 55% » Reduce TCO of the moulds by 30% » Enhanced re-usability factor >50% POWDER will play a vital role in RB’s growth, generating a cumulative turnover of €16.8M by 2025.
Structural aggregates of rod–coil copolymer solutions

The optoelectronic properties of rod-coil diblock copolymers with π-conjugation are greatly affected by molecular packing, which is closely related to their micellar morphology. Self-assembly of rod-coil block copolymer B(y)A(x) in a selective solvent for its coil block is studied by using dissipative particle dynamics, where B(y)A(x) denotes the polymer comprising of y rodlike B beads and x coil-like A beads. The influences of polymer concentration, component compatibility, solvent quality for coil block, rod-block length, and π-π interaction on the resulting aggregate conformations are examined. It was found that distinctly different from coil-coil copolymers, the aggregates of rod-coil copolymers exhibit morphological and structural diversity induced by the intrinsically rigid nature of the rod blocks. In general, the aggregate adopts the overall shape of sphere, cylinder, perforated sheet, or network. The morphology of the rod-block domain within aggregate is even richer and the interesting structures such as porous sphere, spherical spiral, helical bundles, discrete chunks, and nematic cylinder are observed. The short-range order parameter indicates that as rod length is long enough, neighboring rods begin to orient parallel to one another and nematic domains appear. Moreover, in the presence of π-π interactions, the neighboring rods within the B domains become more coherently oriented and smectic domains can thus be formed.
Biomass-resource-derived polyester and production process thereof

The present invention provides a resin capable of contributing greatly to solve environmental problems and problems related to exhaustion of fossil fuel resources and having physical properties suited for practical use. The polyester according to the present invention has a diol and a dicarboxylic acid as constituent components and has an amount of terminal acid of 50 equivalents/metric ton or less.
Characteristics of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors with a functional gate using trap charging for ultralow power operation

A functional gate metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor that enables self-adjustment of threshold voltage (Vth) was developed for the ultralow power operation. The operating principle enables the on-current to be increased without increasing the off-current. Prototype devices were fabricated with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication technology using a silicon-on-insulator substrate, and the fundamental device characteristics necessary for ultralow power operation were demonstrated with an emphasis on the device reliability. A negative Vth shift was caused by electron ejection from the poly-Si charge trap layer, and a positive Vth shift was caused by electron injection from the top gate electrode. A fabricated device endured 105 electron ejection-and-injection cycles when only a positive bias Vg was applied. Endurance characteristics of the fabricated devices showed that the number of cycles to oxide breakdown increased as the channel size decreased. The authors explained the SiO2 breakdown mechanism by using a percolation model. They consider that scaling down of the channel size and the thickness of the tunnel gate oxide will open the way to the development of CMOS logic applications for this device.
Designing and participatory testing of an integrated model of Smart Destination to support the development and enhancement of the cross-border tourist offer

Due to the reputation they gained in the past, the regions of the Mediterranean area have so far been separate on the tourist markets. However, globalisation means competing with new tourist destinations and requires new organisational models other than those that made our localities successful in the past. The factors that determine the quality and variety of local offer (sustainability, business models and governance) rely on correct information management and the quick provision of comprehensive and accessible answers to the changing tourist information and customisation needs. SMART DESTINATION aims to support and relaunch the competitiveness of transnational tourism chains by integrating the local tourism offer with the information flows and databases currently available to the public-private system. A partnership of the various powers, interests and stakeholders involved in the cross-border area will initiate activities to achieve the following: 1 - A common architecture with shared application interfaces (APIs) to integrate a selection of local data and enable businesses to market cross-border products and users to use a borderless system 2 - A joint action Plan for the cross-border area to complete the implementation of the system, disseminate technology solutions and open to third parties, companies and users 3 – Test the SMART DESTINATION model in the cross-border pilot areas for efficiency and potential in different contexts 4 - Involve Regions, companies, organisations, associations and sector stakeholders every step of the way through innovative (Living Lab) and traditional approaches.
Wetting dynamics of ferrofluids on substrates with different hydrophilicity behaviors

Abstract The present study is devoted to the analysis of the wetting dynamics of ferrofluid droplets on glass substrates presenting different hydrophilicities. By using the sessile drop technique, we investigate how the relaxation dynamics of the contact angle is affected by an external magnetic field. Our results show that the field effects on the shape and contact angle of ferrofluid drops are strongly sensitive to the effective interaction between the carrier liquid and the solid substrate. Considering a spherical cap approximation to the magnetic fluid droplet, we use the molecular-kinetic theory to analyze the time evolution of the contact angle. In particular, we estimate how the magnetic field affects the wetting free-energy and the surface density of adsorption sites. The present results show that the external magnetic field might play a significant role in the wetting dynamics of hydrocarbon-based magnetic droplets by affecting its activation free energy, the surface density of adhesion sites and the equilibrium contact angle.