SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
The ocular glymphatic system

The glymphatic system is a highly organized brain-wide mechanism by which fluid wastes are removed from the brain that was recently described by my team. The glymphatic system clears 65% of amyloid-beta from the normal adult brain. A rapidly evolving literature has shown that the major neurodegenerative diseases of the eye, macular degeneration and glaucoma, may also result from the toxicity of uncleared protein wastes, including amyloid-beta. Yet the eye, like the brain, has no traditional lymphatic vessels. In this application, I propose that two of the most significant causes of human visual loss, macular degeneration and glaucoma – previously thought of as both intractable and unrelated – are instead mechanistically allied disorders that not only share a common causal pathway, but may both be therapeutically modified by targeting dysregulation of the glymphatic pathway. As such, this proposal seeks to link the biology of a fundamentally new pathway for both metabolic substrate and waste transport in the adult brain, to diseases of the eye that have long been resistant to either understanding or treatment. 
The objectives: WP1: Define the cellular mechanisms that drive ocular glymphatic transport of Amyloid-beta using an ex vivo preparation of the optic nerve. WP2: Use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to establish the existence of ocular glymphatic transport in live animals. WP3: Determine whether the ocular glymphatic system, like the brain lymphatic system, is critically regulated by the sleep-wake cycle. WP4: Test the hypothesis that age-dependent macular degeneration is caused by a suppression of ocular glymphatic transport, with secondary accumulation of toxic protein products in and subjacent to the retinal pigment epithelium? WP5: Define the impact of increased intraocular pressure on glymphatic export of amyloid-beta, and test the hypothesis that the decrease in ocular glymphatic transport contributes to degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma.
Enactment engine independent provenance recording for e-science infrastructures

Researchers are becoming more effective in their work with the automation of scientific discovery processes and experiments in dry-labs rather than through wet-labs experiments. The automation of these processes requires complex workflows, which is one of the promising techniques to help collaborating scientists to share their experimental results and achieve them via a distributed software infrastructure. Subsequently, the history of the findings needs to be recorded - so called provenance - in order to be reproducible and re-provable. Various solutions and techniques have been elaborated for provenance data collection and analysis. In this paper we propose a taxonomy to categorize existing solutions for run-time and execution provenance of workflows into workflow enactment engine dependent, so called listener mode provenance category, and enactment engine independent, so called monitoring mode provenance category. Additionally, our novel solution for a monitoring mode provenance concept at the middleware level is introduced and the design, architecture and performance evaluation of our prototype implementation are discussed.
Botfind:  finding bots, detect harassing automation, and restoring trust in social media civic engagement

Social media platforms have become tools for manipulating public opinion during elections. In particular, “bots” are algorithms that automate rapid, widespread interactions with citizens, often with deleterious effects on public knowledge of science, social inequality, and public policy options. Through the ERC COMPROP Consolidator award, researchers have demonstrated that even simple bots (i) effectively keep negative messages and fake news in circulation longer (ii) target journalists and civil society groups and (iii) operate with little oversight from social media firms. Such algorithms have negative consequences both for public trust in technology innovation and for the quality of public deliberation in Europe’s democracies. ERC researchers have been able to identify highly automated, politically-manipulative social media accounts post hoc. This project will allow researchers to take what we have learned and produce an online tool that allows people to evaluate suspicious social media accounts. Most social media platforms are slow to address troll and bot activity, so this innovative tool will put ERC research into public service in Europe—and around the world.
The impact of front end innovation in new product development in Japanese manufacturing companies

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore fuzzy front end (FFE) of new product development (NPD) in Japanese manufacturing companies and report on the key factors for success with regard to the front end activities of NPD. Design/methodology/approach On the basis of the literature review, the authors lay out an analytical framework and hypothesis and develop and test a causal model of relationships among key variables relating to the front end factors and success. The causal model is tested with AMOS using information from 513 completed NPD projects from Japanese manufacturing companies. Findings The results of this study are summarized as follows: first, the more both market and technical uncertainties are reduced during the front end, the higher is the effectiveness of NPD projects. Second, the more intensively new projects are planned prior to the start of development, the more both market and technical uncertainties are reduced. Finally, in the industry goods firms, it is easy for managers to develop the initial planning, and it has a greater impact on reduction of market uncertainty compared to the consumer goods firms. Research limitations/implications First, it is the scope and size of the sample. Our research mainly focuses on the precision apparatus, chemical and material products, electronic products, food processing and pharmaceutical industry in Japan. Second, the research concentrates less on the interaction between initial planning, planning changes and process management style. Practical implications The paper provides several insights that will help managers to improve the success of their NPD activities. Originality/value The paper provides additional evidence regarding the strong positive effect of FFE activities on NPD success. The model presented enhances understanding of the dynamics of the FFE.
MOTORIZED LUGGAGE

Motorized luggage includes a frame enclosed in part by an outer shell, the frame defining an internal storage compartment, front wheels connected to a steering shaft, wherein the steering shaft is rotatably connected to the frame and the position of the steering shaft controls an orientation of the front wheels, a retractable handlebar received by the steering shaft, wherein the retractable handlebar may be telescopingly moved from a stored configuration to a driving configuration, wherein in the stored configuration the handlebar is retracted and enclosed by a second zippered flap of the outer shell, wherein in the driving configuration, the handlebar is extended above a top face of the frame, a rear set of wheels connected by a second axle, wherein the second axle is operatively coupled to the frame, and an electric motor mounted on the frame, wherein the electric motor drives the rear wheels.
Efficient holographic video generation based on rotational transformation of wavefields

High-quality holographic video generation requires both high computational resources and time; therefore, algorithms that can generate holographic videos efficiently will be soon in demand for dynamic holographic 3D displays. In this work, we present two algorithms that use a motion compensation scheme - based on the rotational transformation of wavefields [Appl. Opt.47, D110 (2008)], to generate efficiently holographic frames. The effects of motions to the wavefield are analyzed, while video generation examples are provided to support our theory. We report that with the proposed motion compensation scheme combined with the Phong multiple wavefront recording plane CGH method, a 10 times acceleration was achieved with regard to the ray tracing method, with a trade-off of energy loss of 10%. This speedup can be further improved by parallelization of the computations.
Gravitational detection of a low-mass dark satellite galaxy at cosmological distance

The mass-function of dwarf satellite galaxies that are observed around Local Group galaxies substantially differs from simulations based on cold dark matter: the simulations predict many more dwarf galaxies than are seen. The Local Group, however, may be anomalous in this regard. A massive dark satellite in an early-type lens galaxy at z = 0.222 was recently found using a new method based on gravitational lensing, suggesting that the mass fraction contained in substructure could be higher than is predicted from simulations. The lack of very low mass detections, however, prohibited any constraint on their mass function. Here we report the presence of a 1.9 +/- 0.1 x 10^8 M_sun dark satellite in the Einstein-ring system JVAS B1938+666 at z = 0.881, where M_sun denotes solar mass. This satellite galaxy has a mass similar to the Sagittarius galaxy, which is a satellite of the Milky Way. We determine the logarithmic slope of the mass function for substructure beyond the local Universe to be alpha = 1.1^+0.6_-0.4, with an average mass-fraction of f = 3.3^+3.6_-1.8 %, by combining data on both of these recently discovered galaxies. Our results are consistent with the predictions from cold dark matter simulations at the 95 per cent confidence level, and therefore agree with the view that galaxies formed hierarchically in a Universe composed of cold dark matter.
Plant lipids signalling under drought and salt stresses

Drought and salt stresses constitutes key factors influencing plant growth, development and crop productivity. A key aspect of the drought and salt stress processes is the biosynthesis and delivery mechanisms of the newly synthesized lipid species towards the appropriate subcellular membranes. Previous studies in Prof Botella´s lab (supervisor) have demonstrated that Arabidopsis SYT1 (Synaptotagmin 1) is an ER-PM (endoplasmic reticulum – plasma membrane) tether component essential for proper Ca2+-dependent stress tolerance. Recently, his group has reported a tethering complex SYT1/SYT5/CLB1 (Ca dependent lipid binding protein 1) which responds to environmental stresses. The research objective of this proposal is to determine the role of SYT1/SYT5/CLB1 complex has on lipid homeostasis related to drought and salt stresses at the cellular level, using a combination of mutant analysis, cellular biology, lipidomics and biochemical approaches. According to FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations), the findings in this project will have potential practical applications since water scarcity and high salinity are two major factors limiting the geographical locations suitable for growing crop and horticultural plants and periodically account for significant losses in plant productivity. 
The researcher has wide experience in Plant Lipids. In recent years, he has successfully worked in two of the world´s leading groups for plant lipids research. The host research group is one of the world-leading groups in plant responses to abiotic stress research. This inter-disciplinary European Fellowship will exploit the complementary competencies and technologies available at the beneficiary to extend the competence of the applicant, particularly in protein-interaction techniques and management skills. This prestigious fellowship will definitely contribute to his career prospects, obtaining future positions and developing new research lines as an independent researcher.
POSITIONING VIDEO STREAMS FROM VIDEO CONFERENCING SITES

Implementations disclosed herein relate to positioning video streams from video conferencing sites. Video conference sites may be assigned a position within a display area, and a position for the video stream windows may be determined within the assigned display area for the associated video conference site. A processor may cause the video stream windows to be displayed according to the determined positions.
Phytoextraction: Where’s the action?

Abstract Many articles concerning phytoextraction of trace elements state that it is “an emerging technology that can be used for the low-cost clean-up of contaminated land…”. Given the lack of commercial phytoextraction operations or even successful field trials, we sought to determine whether phytoextraction could ever compete with existing technologies to clean up soil within a realistic time-frame, say  10 are required to reduce the total metal concentration in soil by 50% within 25 years, under conditions that are ideal for phytoextraction. Heterogeneity of both the target element, nutrients, and water in soil, as well as heterogeneity of plant roots has a large, but as-yet unquantified effect on remediation time. Variations in climatic conditions, including drought and flooding can also reduce metal extraction rates. Unlike phytoextraction for soil cleansing, phytomining could theoretically produce valuable crops of metal. However, phytomining suffers from a low efficiency of metal extracted per unit of land. Ironically, phytomining may have a larger ecological footprint than conventional mining. Currently, lack of infrastructure limits its implementation. While our review shows that phytoextraction for soil cleansing and phytomining is currently impractical, it is not our intention to discourage research in this area. The best rebuttal of our analyses would be full-scale field operations. However, investigations of new plants/soils/soil conditioner combinations should at least demonstrate how phytoextraction could work by providing convincing basic mass-balance calculations.
Effect of multiple scattering on Cerenkov radiation from energetic electrons

Cerenkov radiation can be used as a diagnostic tool to study energetic electrons generated in ultra-intense laser matter interactions. However, electrons suffer scattering with nuclei as they move in a medium. In this article, we theoretically study the effect of multiple scattering on Cerenkov radiation, and obtain analytical formulas under some circumstances. The results show that when the speed of an energetic electron is not close to the light speed in the medium, Cerenkov radiation is just slightly decreased due to multiple scattering. In the case that the electron speed is very close to the light speed in the medium, the effect of multiple scattering becomes significant, and the radiation is dominated by bremsstrahlung.
Waves and negative refraction in magnetized plasma with ferrite grains

The propagation of high frequency electromagnetic waves in the low temperature magnetized plasma with ferrite grains (MPFG) is considered. The dispersion properties of MPFG are simultaneously characterized by the permittivity and permeability tensors. The dispersion of the permeability is caused by the high frequency magnetization of the grain subsystem and is important in the vicinity of the frequency of ferromagnetic resonance, which coincides with the electron cyclotron frequency ω c . The MPFG becomes transparent for the waves that cannot propagate in conventional electron-ion magnetized plasma. It is shown that the refractive index of the extraordinary wave propagating along and transversal to the external magnetic field with frequencies close to ω c can be negative as well as positive. For the typical parameters of MPFG, the group velocity of this wave is much smaller than the speed of light. The refractive index of MPFG matched with the free space is obtained for waves propagating at an arbitrary angle with respect to the applied constant magnetic field. The results obtained clearly shows that the dispersion properties of MPFG have all the known properties of left-handed media in the vicinity of ω c .
A preliminary modeling investigation into the safe correction zone for high tibial osteotomy

Abstract Background High tibial osteotomy (HTO) re-aligns the weight-bearing axis (WBA) of the lower limb. The surgery reduces medial load (reducing pain and slowing progression of cartilage damage) while avoiding overloading the lateral compartment. The optimal correction has not been established. This study investigated how different WBA re-alignments affected load distribution in the knee, to consider the optimal post-surgery re-alignment. Methods We collected motion analysis and seven Tesla MRI data from three healthy subjects, and combined this data to create sets of subject-specific finite element models (total = 45 models). Each set of models simulated a range of potential post-HTO knee re-alignments. We shifted the WBA from its native alignment to between 40% and 80% medial–lateral tibial width (corresponding to 2.8°–3.1° varus and 8.5°–9.3° valgus), in three percent increments. We then compared stress/pressure distributions in the models. Results Correcting the WBA to 50% tibial width (0° varus–valgus) approximately halved medial compartment stresses, with minimal changes to lateral stress levels, but provided little margin for error in undercorrection. Correcting the WBA to a more commonly-used 62%–65% tibial width (3.4°–4.6° valgus) further reduced medial stresses but introduced the danger of damaging lateral compartment tissues. To balance optimal loading environment with that of the historical risk of under-correction, we propose a new target: WBA correction to 55% tibial width (1.7°–1.9° valgus), which anatomically represented the apex of the lateral tibial spine. Conclusions Finite element models can successfully simulate a variety of HTO re-alignments. Correcting the WBA to 55% tibial width (1.7°–1.9° valgus) optimally distributes medial and lateral stresses/pressures.
Design and simulation of NBI heating system using high dense helicon plasma source for Damavand Tokamak

Abstract A neutral beam injection system by using standard COMSOL software is designed and simulated for plasma heating of small size Damavand tokamak. In context of theoretical model, the needed heat power for plasma heating of this tokamak to the specified temperature is estimated. The number of particles per second, power and energy of the neutral beam which is needed to reach the intended heat power are calculated. Based on these parameters, all sections of the neutral beam injection system such as the plasma source, the extractor, the accelerator, the neutralizer and the charge particles deflector system, are designed and simulated. A dense helicon plasma source, with nonuniform magnetic field configuration, is employed as a plasma source of the device. This helicon plasma source is designed and simulated according to the estimated parameters. Considering the beam optics and space-charge effects, an ion extractor system is simulated and designed for this device. This extractor system can extract an ion beam with current about 7.5 A. The simulation results show that a neutral beam with energy 4.45 KeV and particle current about 6.6 particle per second can be obtained from our designed NBI system. This neutral beam can heat the electrons of plasma to temperature 300 eV and ions to 150 eV. On the other hand, the results of the simulation indicate that our designed neutralizer system could neutralize about 90.58 percent of the initial input ions. In this context, the proper parameters (the neutral beam energy and power) of the NBI systems are calculated for heating of the electrons and ions of the plasma to temperature 1000 eV and 500 eV, respectively.
Large-Eddy Simulation of Three-Dimensional Turbulent Free Surface Flow Past a Complex Stream Restoration Structure

AbstractLarge-eddy simulation (LES) of a three-dimensional, turbulent free surface flow past a stream restoration structure with arbitrarily complex geometries is presented. The three-dimensional, incompressible, spatially filtered Navier-Stokes and continuity equations are solved in generalized curvilinear coordinates. For the solution of mixed air-water flows, the curvilinear immersed boundary (CURVIB)–level set method developed previously is used and extended to carry out LES. Complex solid geometries are handled by the sharp-interface CURVIB method, and the subgrid scale stress terms arising from the spatial filtering of the Navier-Stokes equations are closed by the dynamic Smagorinsky model. To demonstrate the potential of the CURVIB–LES–level set model for simulating real-life, turbulent free surface flows involving arbitrarily complex geometries, LES is carried out for the flow past a complex rock structure that is fully submerged in water in a laboratory flume. The simulations show that the method...
Mycosis fungoides in plaque stage with pronounced eosinophilic infiltration, folliculotropism, and concomitant invasive squamous cell carcinoma.

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a relatively rare cutaneous T-cell malignancy. Only two cases of MF with marked eosinophilia have been reported. In addition, MF with concomitant squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) occurring in the site of MF has not been reported. The author reports herein a very rare case of MF in the plaque stage showing pronounced eosinophilic infiltration, folliculotropic pattern, and in situ development of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). A 75-year-old man was found to show high prostate specific antigen (PSA, 13 hg/ml) and prostatic biopsy showed well differentiated prostatic adenocarcinoma of Gleason score 6. Imaging techniques showed no metastatic lesions. He was treated by estrogen therapy. At 80 years, he consulted our hospital because of erythematous patch in the trunk. Biopsy showed mild infiltrations of lymphocyte and eosinophils. The lesion disappeared spontaneously. At 82 years, he consulted our hospital of because of erythematous patch at the back, and biopsy showed mildly atypical lymphocytes positive for CD20 and CD45, but negative for CD30, CD45RO, S100 protein, and cytokeratin (CK). Lymphoma was suspected but not definite. The lesions spontaneously disappeared. At 86 ages, he also consulted our hospital because of plaques in the face. Biopsy showed proliferation of atypical lymphocytes, marked infiltration of mature eosinophils, marked infiltration of these cells in the fair follicles (folliculotropism), and poorly differentiated invasive SCC arising from follicular cells. An immunohistochemical analysis showed that the atypical lymphocytes are T-lymphoma cells with T-cell markers, cyclinD1, p53, and high Ki67 labeling (50%) but without B-cell markers, NK-cell markers and plasma cell markers. The eosinophils were mature, and lacked p53 and showed low Ki67 labeling (4%). The carcinoma was positive for CK, p53, cyclinD1, and high Ki67 labeling (35%). A diagnosis of MF in the plaque stage with marked non-neoplastic eosinophilic infiltration, marked folliculotropism, and coexistent poorly differentiated invasive SCC was made by the author. Post-biopsy imaging techniques showed no metastasis or lymphadenopathy in the body. The patient was now treated by chemotherapy.
STANDALONE DEPTH CAMERA

Scanning apparatus (20, 80) includes a base (22, 82) and a gimbal (52), including a shaft (56) that fits into rotational bearings (58) in the base and is configured to rotate through 360O about a gimbal axis relative to the base. A mirror assembly (60), fixed to the gimbal, includes a mirror (50), which is positioned on the gimbal axis and is configured to rotate about a mirror axis perpendicular to the gimbal axis. A transmitter (40) directs pulses of optical radiation toward the mirror, which directs the optical radiation toward a scene. A receiver (66) receives, via the mirror, the optical radiation reflected from the scene and outputs signals in response to the received radiation. Control circuitry (34) drives the gimbal to rotate about the gimbal axis and the mirror to rotate about the mirror axis, and processes the signals output by the receiver in order to generate a three-dimensional map of the scanned area.