SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
The Financial Crisis: Causes and Lessons*

The author argues that the root cause of the recent crisis was a housing bubble whose origins can be traced to loose monetary policy and a government housing policy that continually pushed for lower lending standards to increase home ownership. The negative consequences of such policies were amplified when transmitted throughout the financial system by financial institutions through the process of securitization. In attempting to assess culpability for the crisis and identify possible reforms, the author focuses on three categories: 1 Defects in Financial Products: Without criticizing derivatives and the process of securitization, the author identifies the sheer complexity of the securities as a major source of the problem—for which the solution is a simpler security design combined with greater disclosure about the underlying assets being securitized. 2 Defects in Risk Management: Thanks in large part to agency and other incentive problems, there was universal underestimation of risks by mortgage originators and financial institutions throughout the securitization chain. Changing incentive pay structures is part of the solution, and so are better accounting rules for SPEs. But more effective regulatory oversight and ending “too big to fail” may well be the only way to curb excessive private risk-taking. 3 Defects in Government Policy and Regulation: While acknowledging the need for more effective oversight, the author argues that there was ample existing authority for U.S. regulators to have addressed these issues. Lack of power and authority to regulate was not at the heart of the problem—the real problem was lack of foresight and judgment about the unexpected. After expressing doubt that regulators can prevent major financial failures, the author recommends greater attention to devising better methods of resolving such failures when they occur. One of the main goals is to ensure that losses are borne not by taxpayers but by private investors in a way that maintains incentives for market discipline while limiting spillover costs to the entire system.
Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Risk for Brazilian Civil Aircraft Pilots

Background and purpose: In the context of air transport activity in Brazil there is no preventive regulation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS).The aim is to identify Brazilian Civilian Pilots (BCP) with the possibility of having OSAS through responses to different questionnaires, validated and used worldwide as indicators of this disease, and propose the inclusion of these screening tools during the annual medical examination of health .Method: After signing the Informed Consent, 262 BCP were interviewed.The interviews included the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) and the STOP-BANG questionnaire (SBQ).Pilots that exceeded daily working hours or did not comply with the rest time required by law, pilots of international flights and users of sleep-inducing drugs were excluded from the study. Results:Positive results for OSAS were found in 16% of the cases according to the BQ, 37.4% according to the SBQ, and 11.45% were considered at risk in both questionnaires.A weak correlation was found between the answers to the questionnaires and the ESS.weak to moderate agreement was observed between the SBQ and the BQ to suggest the presence of OSAS (Weighted Kappa = 0.263, 95%CI 0.153 -0.373) and also the odds ratio of 5.58 ).
Quantum dots for photonic quantum information technologies

Quantum physics has had a revolutionary impact on industry and society in the past century, giving birth to the semiconductor industry and the resulting first generation of quantum devices (computers, TVs, smartphones etc.). Whereas semiconductor physics has arisen from quantum science, the engineering principles of these first generation devices have remained anchored on classical physics. We are presently at the verge of a second revolution of quantum science, where quantum engineering based on direct exploitation of fundamental quantum mechanical abilities such as superposition and entanglement promises entire new technologies for society. However, lack of scalability of quantum information (QI) technology remains the fundamental technical challenge preventing most QI technologies from becoming a reality - a critical bottleneck to which a new generation of researchers is urgently needed. In QUDOT-TECH we build from the semiconductor QD - the most mature QI technology - and propose a solution to the scalability obstacle in the form of a quantum network based on QDs coupled efficiently to each other using optical waveguides. We will construct the world’s first platform for fully integrated on-chip QI processing, a cornerstone potentially equivalent to the silicon transistor in the first generation of quantum devices. As this is frontier research, current doctoral research programmes do not provide the required interdisciplinary skillset and the entrepreneurial-like mind-set required to secure application-oriented breakthroughs within the QI field. Hereto, we have gathered the best European academic and industrial partners to train 15 ESRs to an outstanding level, where they can act as Europe’s future leaders within QI technology. The QUDOT-TECH ESRs will fill in a much needed link between academia and industry and will make the new technology widely available through one or more spin-out companies - ultimately propelling Europe to leadership at the global scale.
Diversity and performance: networks of cognition in markets and teams

Contemporary organizations face three interrelated, but analytically distinguishable, challenges. First, they should be alert to mistakes that could be catastrophic. Second, they need to allocate attention, especially to correct past mistakes and to make accurate predictions about future developments. Third, they should be innovative, able to stand out from existing categories while being recognized as outstanding. This project investigates these cognitive challenges with the aim of developing a comprehensive sociological approach to study the social properties of cognition. Research on error detection, attention allocation, and recognizant innovation will be conducted in three distinct settings strategically chosen so the scale and complexity of the performance challenges increases across the cases. The research question that cuts across the socio-cognitive challenges asks whether and how diversity contributes to performance. 1) We first test whether social context, understood at the most basic level as the composition of a small collectivity, affects the cognitive activity of pricing. To do so, I use experimental market methods to test whether ethnic and gender diversity deflate price bubbles by disrupting herding behaviour. 2) The second study tests how the social structure of attention affects valuation. The activities involve error correction and accuracy of prediction in estimates by securities analysts; the method is two-mode network analysis; and the timing, intensity, and diversity of attention networks are the effects to be tested. 3) Whereas my first two tests examine relations among competitors, my third examines relations within and across collaborative teams. In studying the network properties of creativity, the challenge is recognizant innovation, the activity involves recording sessions in the field of music, the method is cultural network analysis, and the effects to be tested are the combined effects of stylistic diversity and social structure.
Urban arena for sustainable and equitable solutions

UrbanA takes up the challenge of synthesizing and brokering the knowledge and experience generated in EU-funded projects, many of which have identified interventions that address grand societal challenges, of which urban inequalities and social exclusion across different contexts. In this way, UrbanA will support city-makers – including researchers, policymakers and practitioners – in transforming European cities into inclusive and sustainable urban and peri-urban environments.

UrbanA will do so through a transdisciplinary Urban Arena for Sustainable and Equitable Solutions (established in WP2). By co-creatively mapping urban sustainability interventions (WP3), assessing their potential to improve urban social equity and inclusion (WP4) and identifying potential avenues and agents by which such interventions could be transferred to more widespread governance contexts (WP5), UrbanA will develop actionable and actor specific solutions (WP6), which will be disseminated to key local and European actors (WP7).
A sensor association to acquire respiratory patterns: A pilot study

People with respiratory failure can be submitted to automatic synchronized transcutaneous functional electrical stimulation (TFES) with the person's respiration activity to improve respiratory function and airway clearing. Automatic detection of respiratory patterns for synchronizing TFES is a difficult task because different events such as cough and speaking can happen during stimuli application. The purpose of this study is to verify if a sensor association composed of a strain gage-based sensor, an airflow direction detector and a mechanomyography sensor can work together to facilitate the creation of an algorithm to differ all events of cough, normal breathing and speaking, in a complete system of automatic synchronized TFES. Two volunteers were asked to breath normally, cough and speak. The developed sensor association provided three different signals that were combined to create an algorithm. This algorithm can distinguish three different respiratory patterns: normal breathing, cough and speaking.
Alpine Innovation for Combined Transport

The Alps are a sensitive ecosystem to be protected from pollutant emissions & climate change. Continued growth in freight traffic volume leads to environmental problems. These trends reinforce the need to review existing transport & develop innovative models to protect the Alpine Space (AS) as set out eg. in the EU (White Paper 2011). EUSALP set the aim to strengthen ecological transport & establish more efficient freight transport corridors. But often the efficiency of Combined Transport (CT) is low. _x000D_
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Therefore, the project Alpine Innovation for Combined Transport (AlpInnoCT) tackles the main challenge to raise CT efficiency & productivity. The application of production industry knowhow (which is ideal to improve processes) in CT is a new approach which includes an analysis of existing strategies, policies & processes focusing on CT, thus, AlpInnoCT contributes to a sustainable system with an easier access to CT & fosters the utilization of this low-carbon transport method. _x000D_
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The approach leads to following outputs:_x000D_
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1. Description of the state of the art of the European transport system with focus on CT;_x000D_
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2. Recommendations for an ideal CT-model concept by transfer of production industry knowhow;_x000D_
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3. Guideline for the integration of innovative intermodal approaches into daily CT business;_x000D_
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4. Alpine wide dialogue platform as information exchange involving economy, political authorities and civil society;_x000D_
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5. Toolbox of Action (Handbook). _x000D_
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Logistics service providers will benefit from improved processes & an easier CT access. Wagon & semitrailer producers obtain insights into CT innovations. NGOs  & institutions get a dialogue platform to state their interests and awareness about CT innovations. Politicians & decision makers will be better prepared to set the future CT framework with regards to environment. As transport happens in an AS network, the project contents are developed in a unique transnational public-private partnership.
Genomic and metabolic regulation of metastatic cancer stem cells

The major causes of cancer deaths are relapse and resistance to current therapies associated with the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and metastatic growth in distant organs. CSCs have the ability to self-renew and differentiate in non-CSCs. In breast cancer, acquisition of stemness properties has been closely related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a key process in cancer invasion and metastasis triggered via Rho-ROCK mediated actomyosin contractility. Interestingly, in melanoma, transition from elongated-mesenchymal to amoeboid mode of movement (MAT) driven by Rho-ROCK signalling has been associated with increased stemness. Furthermore, preliminary data from host lab shows that actomyosin cytoskeletal regulates glutamine metabolism in both melanoma and breast cancer cells. Metabolic cues participate in stem cell self-renewal regulation, suggesting that, in very contractile cells, the regulation of EMT, metastatic spread and tumour initiation might be functionally linked to stemness via metabolic clues. Nevertheless, how very contractile cells regulate genes involved in all these processes remains unexplored. As increasing contractility via EMT in carcinoma cells or via MAT in melanoma cells correlates with increasing stemness, we hypothesize a molecular link between the pathways regulating both migration and stemness abilities, which will be maintained across tumour types (from carcinoma to melanoma). The main goal of this proposal is to understand how tumour cells can acquire stem cell traits to successfully metastasize and how this can be regulated by the actomyosin cytoskeletal by using an interdisciplinary approach that combines state-of-the-art techniques in molecular and cellular biology, biochemistry, in vivo imaging and animal models. This will allow to identify key important genes regulating both stemness traits and metastatic spread with the ultimate goal of unravelling novel drug targets and prognostic markers of distant relapse.
El papel de los pieds-noirs en la economía alicantina entre finales de los años 50 y los años 70

Los europeos procedentes de Argelia instalados en Alicante desde 1962 contribuyeron ampliamente al desarrollo de la provincia y al impulso del sector terciario. El presente estudio propone un análisis espacial de la instalación de los denominados pieds-noirs en Alicante. Para ello, se identifican las actividades económicas que esas personas llevaron a cabo y su evolución en el tiempo, vinculada a la propia evolución social, económica y urbanística que atravesó la provincia de Alicante y su capital desde finales de los años 50. El análisis de las actividades económicas pieds-noirs, se inserta en un estudio más amplio sobre las transformaciones urbanas y económicas de Alicante, en un contexto de cambios sociales.
Epigenetic field effects: Potential applications for detection of occult high-grade prostate cancer.

20 Background: Needle biopsy (Bx) pathology is central to the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer (PCa), but Bx sampling error can result in an underestimate of Gleason grade (GS). Epigenetic DNA hypermethylation markers associated with PCa are commonly observed in histologically benign tissue adjacent to a cancer focus. Such field effects are the basis for a diagnostic test in which the absence of GSTP1, APC and RASSF1 hypermethylation in benign Bxs is associated with a low risk of “missed” PCa. Relatively low methylation thresholds are used for the current epigenetic test (ConfirmMDx) that is designed to be sensitive to any occult cancer, regardless of GS. We are evaluating new prototype epigenetic tests that are designed to be sensitive to the GS of an occult PCa. Methods: DNA was extracted from prostate bx tissue prints and used for quantitative methylation-specific PCR for GSTP1, APC and RASSF1. Results were computed as levels of marker methylation relative to a common reference gene. Each of 12 cores was tested from a series of 102 Bx patients: 20 diagnosed with no cancer (Group 1), 46 with GS 6 PCa (Group 2) and 36 with GS 7 PCa (Group 3). Results: For all 3 markers, we observed a positive correlation between the highest level of hypermethylation in the benign cores and in the same-patient cancer cores. This correlation was strongest for APC (P &lt;0.0001). For GSTP1 and APC, hypermethylation intensity in the benign cores was also positively correlated with the overall GS. Interestingly, for each marker, the GS 6 cores from Group 3 (overall diagnosis GS 7) showed significantly higher levels of hypermethylation than the GS 6 cores from Group 2 (overall GS 6). The strongest correlation between the level of GS 6 core hypermethylation and overall GS was observed for GSTP1(P=0.0002). Conclusions: For GSTP1, APC and RASSF1, the intensity of field effect hypermethylation in benign Bx cores was positively correlated with the level of hypermethylation present in the cancer cores from the same patient. In GS 6 cancer cores, the intensity of hypermethylation is higher in subjects who also have cores of GS 7 than in subjects with GS 6 cores only. Both findings support the feasibility of an epigenetic test that is sensitive to the GS of an occult PCa.
A novel vision based orchard system to maximize fruit tree yields and class 1 quality by 20% while reducing waste by 50%

The overall innovation project is intended to bring our novel ‘OrchardMan’ vision-based tree-fruit measurement technology to
European market-readiness. This will provide in-field data based on cost-effective image capture technology and novel
image processing algorithms, which can identify commercially relevant yield factors such as fruit size, growth and tree
architecture automatically in the difficult environment of the orchard under variable weather and lighting conditions. The
project will demonstrate that that the developed system has the capability to support precision horticultural management at
the single tree level, reducing waste from growing undersize fruit by up to 50%, and increasing overall tree yields by up to
20%, This would give European users a cumulative benefit of €1bn from 500 units implemented over the first five years.
This work is relevant to topic SFS-08-2014-1: “Resource efficient, eco-innovative food production and processing”,
particularly optimization of current food production systems, in the SME sector, with the aim of reducing water and energy
use and waste generation, and improving food quality, through the improving growers’ ability to increase overall fruit yield
per tree and the percentage of Class 1 quality reducing quality-reject waste, and reduction of imports, reducing transport
CO2.
There are techno-economic uncertainties that we must clarify before investing in a full development project, so we need to
carry out a thorough feasibility study, including the business plan for the phase 2 development and subsequent
commercialisation. Specific objective for the feasibility study is the elaboration and production of the Business Plan to
specify the second phase work needed to bring this technology to commercial readiness and replicate it through Europe,
including Techno-economic feasibility, Market studies, IP and dissemination work.
The Atmospheres of Extrasolar Planets

The characteristics of irradiated solar system planetary atmospheres have been studied for decades. Modern planetary science benefits from an exhaustive body of ground- and space-based data. The study of extrasolar planetary atmospheres, by contrast, is in its infancy and currently rests on a few score of datapoints, mostly of the transiting planets. As the study of exoplanetary atmospheres blossoms, it is well worth remembering lessons learned from the solar system. In this contribution, based on my Les Houches lecture on exoplanet atmospheres, I briefly review a few of the key concepts relevant to understanding planetary atmospheres and point to examples both in our own solar system and among the exoplanets. This short survey aims not to review the field but rather stresses the importance of understanding the structure, dynamics, cloud processes and photochemistry of planetary atmospheres and points the reader towards useful reference works. Here I particularly explain the importance of cloud and photochemical processes in controlling the spectra and albedos of extrasolar planets and urge that care be taken in the interpretation of exoplanet colors.
Hydrothermal circulation and the dike-gabbro transition in the detachment mode of slow seafloor spreading

One of the most ubiquitous boundaries within our planet is between sheeted dikes and gabbros in fast-spreading ocean crust. This boundary marks the brittle-ductile transition at the ridge crest, and is localized by a decametric conductive boundary layer between hydrothermal circulation in the sheeted dike layer and a shallow quasi-steady-state melt lens. In contrast, at slow-spreading ridges, the crustal structure appears chaotic, with no consistent sheeted dike layer and widespread occurrences of gabbro and serpentinized peridotite on the seafloor. Recent work suggests that as much as 50% of the Atlantic Ocean crust formed by a detachment mode of seafloor spreading, including the formation of oceanic core complexes capped by long-lived, convex-upward detachment faults. These detachment faults are often associated with large hydrothermal systems in which the location of any magmatic heat source is uncertain. Here we show that detachment faults can act as thermal boundaries between gabbroic melt in the fault footwall and hydrothermal circulation in the fault zone and hanging wall, thus explaining the link between faulting and black smoker systems. We suggest that interaction between magmatism and hydrothermal circulation means that detachment faults can act as the dike-gabbro transition in the detachment mode of spreading, inevitably leading to exposure of gabbros on the seafloor through continued faulting. This concept provides a means of unifying apparently contrasting processes and crustal structures at different spreading rates.
NEUMATICO PARA VEHICULOS, EN PARTICULAR PARA VEHICULOS A MOTOR.

Neumático (3; 30) para vehículos, en particular para vehículos a motor, que tiene un eje (13) de simetría y comprende: - una banda de rodadura (16) que comprende una pluralidad de surcos exteriores (22), - dos flancos (15), - dos talones (8) que se pueden unir a una llanta de rueda (2) y están hechos de un material elastomérico, y - al menos un cuerpo de refuerzo tubular (18) para el refuerzo coaxial sobre dicho eje (13), que está rodeado por dicha banda de rodadura (16) y se extiende entre dichos flancos (15); comprendiendo cada uno de dichos flancos una membrana anular elástica respectiva (24) con una generatriz recta que forma un ángulo (A) distinto de 90º con el eje (13) del neumático (3); caracterizado porque dichos surcos (22) comunican con el interior del neumático a través de una pluralidad de orificios radiales (20, 21).
Incendios forestales: ¿la punta del iceberg para la salud planetaria?

El cambio climático es uno de los principales fenómenos que están ocurriendo y son responsables por emergencias sanitarias en todo el mundo. El cambio climático ha determinado un aumento en el número de incendios forestales, debido a la combinación de condiciones cálidas y secas, con vientos, deforestación e intervención humana. Los incendios forestales, provocados por causas naturales o antropogénicas, son considerados una de las perturbaciones naturales más extendidas en los ecosistemas forestales del mundo. Se estima que la exposición al material particulado PM2,5 liberadas durante los incendios forestales se encuentran asociado a 0,68 millones de muertes/año, la mayoría de ellas en niños menores de cinco años. El transporte de PM2.5 relacionado con los incendios forestales es de gran alcance y contribuye a la mala calidad del aire incluso después de las temporadas de incendios. La actividad de incendios forestales en 2021-2022 en algunas regiones del mundo fue en una escala mucho mayor que la vista anteriormente en el conjunto de datos del Servicio de Monitoreo de la Atmósfera de Copernicus (CAMS). Así, este documento presenta diferentes informes sobre incendios forestales ocurridos en diversas partes del mundo, especialmente en América Latina, durante los años 2019-2022.