SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Social mobility and inequality across italy and europe: 1300-1800

The goal of SMITE is to improve our knowledge of long-term trends in social mobility, from the decades immediately preceding the Black Death of 1347-49 up until the eve of Industrialization. The objective is not only to measure mobility, but also to understand its consequences for the economy and society at large. Very few data about preindustrial social mobility are available today, especially for southern Europe. SMITE will collect an extensive database about social mobility, measured in different ways including: economic mobility across wealth classes and occupational mobility. Archival research will be concentrated on Italy where excellent sources exist, but the Italian case will be placed in the wider European context. The few existing databases from all over the continent will be collected for comparison and direct research will be done on some regions of Europe beyond Italy, especially in France, Spain and the Low Countries.
SMITE will reconstruct social mobility trends both in growing and in declining areas of Europe. The connection between social mobility and economic growth will be assessed. SMITE will also analyse in detail the connection between long-term changes in social mobility and in economic inequality, which is a novel and potentially very important research avenue. It will receive from an earlier ERC project (EINITE) the largest existing database on preindustrial inequality. It will study whether the growth in economic inequality, which seems to have characterized both northern and southern Europe during the early modern period, went hand in hand with an increase in upward social mobility or whether there were differences across the continent. In fact, upward social mobility might have slowed down in southern Europe from ca. 1600 (as some literature suggests) but not in the North, thus determining in the South a particularly unfavourable combination of high inequality and a closed society which might have contributed to the North-South divergence
Investigation on the Variation of Radon Concentration in the ARGO-YBJ Experiment Hall

Using the Lomb-Scargle period grams and temporal variation folded into one period for statistical analysis, the radon concentration in the ARGO-YBJ experiment hall from Aug. 2009 through Apr. 2011 was investigated. Our results show that the radon concentration has main periods of half-day and 1-day with the period of 1 day being dominant. In one day the radon concentration reaches its peak at 11:20(Beijing Time)and reaches the minimum at 23:20(Beijing Time). In one year, the radon concentration is lower in June, the monthly variation amplitudes and initial phases folded into one day are various. These results are of importance to the study of variation of radon concentration and theoretical models, and provide a good chance to estimate the living environment in Tibet.
Convergence and divergence in corporate governance

Purpose Whether corporate governance systems and practices are converging to the Anglo-American shareholder-value-oriented model or continue to diverge from this model and maintain their idiosyncrasies has been controversially debated among scholars in a variety of academic disciplines. The purpose of this paper is to review, critique and integrate the disparate positions in the convergence-divergence debate in corporate governance and to suggest promising directions for future research. Design/methodology/approach The author constructs a theoretical framework in which convergence and divergence dynamics are conceptualized as simultaneous processes of institutional change and continuity. This framework takes into account the influence of economic market forces, social embeddedness and cultural forces in shaping corporate governance at the national and the firm levels and provides a holistic and integrative perspective on the extant literature in the convergence-divergence debate. Findings The literature review does not support either the predictions of convergence advocates or the predictions of divergence advocates. Instead, the paper finds that convergence and divergence dynamics can coexist and lead to increasing heterogeneity in corporate governance arrangements of firms within and between corporate governance systems. This finding adds complexity to the debate and opens room for interesting research directions. Originality/value The paper offers a comprehensive review of the topic and draws from literature in financial economics, comparative law, economic sociology, international business, political science and strategic management. Most importantly, the paper offers a multi-theoretical framework that allows for an integration of the divergent perspectives presented in the literature.
Analysis of EHL Line Contact in Rapid Braking Motion

As is well known, almost all the machines need to start and brake. In this process, the lubrication state of their parts changes instantaneously. In this paper, an isothermal study for the line contact elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL), which is in rapid braking process and under a constant load, is carried out by using a simplified multigrid method. Numerical results indicate that the oil film thickness decreases and the oil film pressure increases with the decrease of the speed during the process of rapid braking. The oil film shrinks quickly and the oil entrapment occurs when the speed reduces to a certain range. Simultaneously, the distribution of oil film pressure tends to the central lubrication area. The size of the oil entrapment area and the changes of the oil film pressure are closely related to the braking time and the initial speed, which reflects the transient effects of the lubricating oil film.
Rumo a uma abordagem dinâmica para reconversões

Apesar de serem muitas vezes analisadas como formas de reprodução, as reconversões têm sido caracterizadas como formas de mobilidade em várias obras. Ambas opções não são estritamente contraditórias e podem ser igualmente justificadas. No entanto, parece absolutamente necessário tentar circunscrever melhor esta noção. Embora não pretenda oferecer uma definição, a autora se apoia principalmente em pesquisas sobre as elites conduzidas em diferentes contextos geográficos (França, Hungria, Rússia) e históricos, e propõe uma abordagem mais fundamentada e heurística para reconversões que também lhes permitiria ser claramente distinguidas das conversões.
Commercializing the first energy recycler for restaurant ventilation

Enjay’s product, Lepido, is the first energy recycler capable of extracting the energy from the hostile and greasy exhaust air in restaurants and converting it into useable energy to heat the actual property. Lepido is based on three revolutionary Swedish patents and offers an average energy savings of 150,000 kWh – the equivalent of saving 15 tons of carbon dioxide emissions every year.

Today, there is no effective heat recovery unit for commercial kitchens and the energy is simply released straight into the air without recycling. Unlike recycling heat from ventilation air in offices or apartment buildings, one of the greatest problems in restaurant ventilation is the aggressive environment (grease, pollution, moisture, soot, etc.) which destroys heat recovery equipment like cross-flow, rotating or battery units over time. 

Enjay begins a major transformation in the industry by changing the way of thinking about energy management in restaurant ventilation. With Lepido, Enjay opens up for energy recovery in a segment of the ventilation industry where it hasn’t been possible until now. By doing so, Enjay creates a financial incentive to save the environment.
Mechanistic basis of host infection and intracellular development in microsporidia

Microsporidia are emerging pathogens of high priority that infect humans, and most animals. Microsporidiosis can be life-threatening and cause severe damage in the eyes, brain, muscles, respiratory, and urinary tracts. These obligate intracellular parasites also present a unique case of reductive and divergent evolution. They possess the smallest eukaryotic genome and unique cellular features such as the smallest eukaryotic cytoplasmic ribosomes and a specialised infection apparatus, the polar tube. Inside the host, microsporidia replicate through distinct life stages to form infective spores that are released into the environment upon host cell lysis. However, the molecular events involved in the pathogen’s commitment to each life stage, host cell lysis, formation, and eversion of the polar tube, remain unclear. This lacunae in understanding microsporidia are due to a lack of biochemical or structural data and the absence of systematic in vivo studies. Thus, studying this medically and economically relevant pathogen is critical for designing drugs and preventive regimes to curtail their transmission. Towards this, MsInfection aims to provide the first comprehensive and mechanistic insights into microsporidian life-cycle progression and host cell invasion. The life cycle stages of microsporidia species with varied tissue tropism will be analysed structurally and transcriptomically at the single-cell level, using Electron Microscopy (EM) and single cell-RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). A combination of these transformative technologies will enable a systematic determination and visualisation of the molecular events driving intracellular development, and the assembly of infection apparatus and tissue niche selection.
Technology and plant sizing for the primary LNG distribution network in the ports of the cross-border area

The diffusion of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in ports requires the implementation of infrastructure that privileges corridors and the establishment of a reliable, safe and integrated distribution network. The realisation of this infrastructure implies strategic decisions about the location of the LNG bunkering, storage and supply plants and their systemic sizing. The project identifies technological-productive solutions for LNG distribution and bunkering in the ports of the cross-border area based on shared operating standards and procedures. The project identifies the possible location of the plants and storages of the primary distribution network, while verifying potential external factors and economic-financial sustainability. The project outcomes consist of reports setting technological standards and common procedures for LNG bunkering and an integrated action plan for the benefit of ports. The beneficiaries will be the Port Authorities and local public bodies interested in the construction of LNG refuelling plants. The project's strategic nature is due to its interregional value, the North Mediterranean location of the IT-FR transboundary maritime space and the effects of developing integrated skills to build a common infrastructure. The density of maritime services with origin/destination in the area and the need to have systems with similar technological characteristics impose the cross-border approach. The innovation of the project derives from an interdisciplinary approach which combines technical-engineering, economic and legal dimensions and from the use of shared logics to avoid duplicating investment and the risk of non-interoperability between different plants.
Marked Regional Variation in Acute Stroke Treatment Among Medicare Beneficiaries

Little is known about how regions vary in their use of thrombolysis (intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator and intra-arterial treatment) for acute stroke. We sought to determine regional variation in thrombolysis treatment and investigate the extent to which regional variation is accounted for by patient demographics, regional factors, and elements of stroke systems of care.Retrospective cross-sectional study of all fee-for-service Medicare patients with ischemic stroke admitted via the Emergency Department from 2007 to 2010 who were assigned to 1 of 3436 hospital service areas. Multilevel logistic regression was used to estimate regional thrombolysis rates, determine the variation in thrombolysis treatment attributable to the region and estimate thrombolysis treatment rates and disability prevented under varied improvement scenarios.There were 844 241 ischemic stroke admissions of which 3.7% received intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator and 0.5% received intra-arterial stroke treatment without or without intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator over the 4-year period. The unadjusted proportion of patients with ischemic stroke who received thrombolysis varied from 9.3% in the highest treatment quintile compared with 0% in the lowest treatment quintile. Measured demographic and stroke system factors were weakly associated with treatment rates. Region accounted for 7% to 8% of the variation in receipt of thrombolysis treatment. If all regions performed at the level of 75th percentile region, ≈7000 additional patients with ischemic stroke would be treated with thrombolysis.There is substantial regional variation in thrombolysis treatment. Future studies to determine features of high-performing thrombolysis treatment regions may identify opportunities to improve thrombolysis rates.
Resilient europe and societies by innovating local communities

Resilience is defined by the United Nations as “the ability to resist, absorb and accommodate to the effects of a hazard, in a timely and efficient manner”. Thus, resilient communities are those in which their citizens, environment, businesses, and infrastructures have the capacity to withstand, adapt, and recover in a timely manner from any kind of hazards they face, either planned or unplanned. In recent years efforts have been spent to tackle resilience and there is, still, a long path forward in defining an EU valid and sound approach to the problem. 

RESILOC aims at studying and implementing a holistic framework of studies, methods and software instruments that combines the physical with the less tangible aspects associated with human behaviour.

The study-oriented section of the framework will move from a thorough collection and analysis of literature and stories from the many approaches to resilience adopted all over the World. The results of the studies will lead to the definition of a set of new methods and strategies where the assessment of the resilience indicators of a community will be performed together with simulations on the “what-if” certain measures are taken. These studies and methods will serve for designing and implementing two software instruments:
1.     the RESILOC inventory, a comprehensive, live, structure for collecting, classifying and using information on cities and local communities, implemented as a Software as a Service (SaaS). 
2.     The RESILOC Cloud-based platform for assessing and calculating the resilience indicators of a city or a community, for developing localised strategies and verifying their impacts on the resilience of the community. The Cloud platform, a combination of SaaS and PaaS, includes the inventory as its repository.

The project will make use of built solutions in four field trials and includes a high-profile communication plan, heavily based on Social Media platforms.
Urban entrepreneurialism 2.0? Financialization, cross-scale dynamics, and post-political governance

In this commentary, while I acknowledge the value of differentiating varieties of urban entrepreneurialism by focusing on different forms and geographies of innovation in public services, three major pitfalls impeding a renewed understanding of urban entrepreneurialism are identified. First of all, financialization, either as a means or an end, plays a central role in contemporary urban entrepreneurialism and deserves a more thorough scrutiny. Second, discounting the fluidity of spatial scales and multidirectionality in entrepreneurial policy-making, a taxonomy of urban entrepreneurialism is at best a rather flat comparison of urban entrepreneurship and innovation. Finally, the ‘innovation’ in the ways that citizens are governed (e.g. the introduction of a series of new techniques of neoliberal governmentality in the post-political age) should not be overlooked in understanding the ends to which urban entrepreneurialism is turned.
The Presence of Flavonoids in Some Products and Fruits of the Genus Eugenia: An Integrative Review

The Myrtaceae family, one of the most prominent botanical families, is represented in Brazil with different fruit species, rich in bioactive compounds and gastronomically appreciated. This study aimed to carry out an integrative review on the genus Eugenia , highlighting the pitangueira ( E. uniflora L.), cagaiteira ( E. dysenterica ), grumixameira ( E. brasiliensis ), pereira ( E. klotzschiana O. Berg), and uvaieira ( E. pyriformis Cambess) and which flavonoids are present in these fruits. Articles published between 2016 and 2021 were selected from the following databases: Google Scholar, Periódicos CAPES, Scielo, and Science Direct. According to each database, the descriptors used as a search strategy addressed the popular and scientific names of the five selected species, associated or not with the term “flavonoid,” according to each database. The results showed that quercetin was the main flavonoid identified in the fruits, and the principal extraction method used was HPLC. Other interesting compounds, such as catechin, epicatechin, rutin, myricetin, and kaempferol, were also found. However, the amount and type of flavonoids detected varied according to the applied methodology. Hence, these studies highlight the importance of species of the genus Eugenia , which promotes beneficial health effects and possible applicability to the food and pharmaceutical industry.
Policies to improve rural areas' innovation systems by professionalising networking activities and use of innovation tools

Young people are leaving rural areas because they do not find jobs answering their professional aspirations. There is therefore a need to boost innovation in these areas in order to develop knowledge-based or creative businesses, offering attractive jobs for well-educated and creative young people. The partners (NO, FI, SI, HR, IT, ES) have identified that triple helix (3H) or quadruple helix (4H) cooperation is important to boost innovation in rural areas. Management of innovation tools must not copy lessons and solutions from metropolitan areas but be adapted to the specific features of rural innovation systems, which are characterised by asymmetric relations and uneven resources between public, R&D and SMEs actors, and by shortage of scientific disciplines. 

The overall objective of P-IRIS is to improve policies related to 3H / 4H cooperation in rural innovation systems. We want to increase the number of SMEs in innovative networks and the number of innovation projects including R&D. It is also an ambition to improve the skills of public authorities & support systems as managers and mentors of 3H or 4H networks, and the use of related innovation tools. A 3-step interregional learning process will be applied: 1) Mapping challenges & opportunities of managing 3H or 4H cooperation in rural innovation systems. 2) Exchange experience in thematic seminars and demonstrate potential good practice in study visits. 3) Prepare regional action plans. 

Six policy instruments will be improved in terms of governance measures and new projects. 9,5 MEUR in Structural Funds, as well as 5,1 MEUR of other funds are estimated to be influenced by the project. The implementation of improved policy instruments are envisaged to improve the innovation readiness in rural areas by increasing the number of SMEs cooperating with R&D institutions and authorities, and raising the share of businesses based on advanced knowledge or creative skills - increasing green growth and eco-innovation.
Filter-Less water-based air pollution abatement system

APA is a filter-less air pollution abatement system for a wide range of polluting emission from industrial processes. Through its efficient method of cleaning and purifying air, APA lowers the emissions of industries thereby decreasing the occurrence of health issues for employees and creating a safer workplace. It contributes to a reduction of pollutants released in the environmental thereby enabling a greater sustainability of the manufacturing industry. APA cleans air within a radius of 25m and is a scalable system that can be customised for different applications, either standalone or in a network. Pollutants removed from the air include: particulate matter; heavy metals; hydrocarbons; pollen; spores; NOx; SOx; CO2. The system utilises our patented water-based, chemical-free, centrifugal force process producing a water-based waste. In comparison to other systems, the filter-less technology greatly reduces manufacturing and maintenance costs. Along with this, APA is unique in that it can be positioned both in working environments and on the discharge points of industrial processing machines, this means workers benefit from a more direct impact of the air purification gaining a healthier working environment. 
The technology has reached a TRL7 and has been tested in various operational environments demonstrating proof of concept and significant air pollution reductions (until 99.99% on PM10). APA addresses an estimated market of about 2 million factories in Europe. During the project we will define the final design of the APA system and will carry out the pre-industrialized production, and will deploy 20 machines in the end-user's site for in-field validation. Phase 2 project aims also at establishing and launching the industrial operation, at activating the existing commercial channels as well as securing further commercial cooperation with partners in Europe.
Electron-spin resonance of transparent conductive oxide β-Ga2O3

Abstract β-Ga 2 O 3 crystals are one of the transparent conductive oxides (TCOs). The n-type conductivity of β-Ga 2 O 3 is attributed to an oxygen deficit. In order to examine a mechanism of the conductivity, electron-spin resonance (ESR) measurements were carried out for β-Ga 2 O 3 doped with various impurity ions (Mn, Cr, Si, Zr, Hf). A single narrow ESR line with an anisotropic g value (~ 1.96) was observed for Si, Zr, or Hf doped β-Ga 2 O 3 and ascribed to “ motional narrowing ” of electrons trapped around oxygen vacancies, namely, conduction electrons. Extinction of the narrow ESR line for Mn or Cr doped β-Ga 2 O 3 may be due to a decrease of the conduction electron density and/or a strong spin–spin interaction between the conduction electron and the paramagnetic ions. The fine structure of the ESR spectrum for Mn or Cr doped β-Ga 2 O 3 gives evidence that Mn 2 + and Cr 3 + ions substitute for octahedral Ga 3 + ions in the lattice without charge compensators.
APPARATUS FOR BONDING TWO TEXTILE MATERIALS

The apparatus is designed to bond two textile materials by different procedures, by deflecting the path of a hotmelt adhesive film (P), with feeders (45) of adhesive enriching materials either on or off, and with flame melting units (17, 19) either on or off.
Surface pre-treatment prior to underwater bonding.

The invention relates to a method of forming a metal- resin bond in the presence of environmental contamination of the metal surface by, for example, adsorbed water. The method consists of cleaning the metal surface and then coating it with a pre-treatment material adapted to displace the adsorbed contaminant and to be displaced in turn by the applied resin. The method is particularly relevant to the formation of steel/epoxy resin bonds underwater for the repair of submerged structures. The pre-treatment material may consist of a hydrocarbon solvent containing in solution a surfactant such as an ionic surfactant together with a viscous hydrocarbon such as petroleum jelly.