SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS OF MECHANIZED PRODUCTION OF OILSEED CROPS IN PAKISTAN-A REVIEW

The domestic production of edible oils is critically insufficient to meet the demand of growing population. It only meets 27% of the total edible oil consumption in the country. The deficit is met through import of edible oils from other countries on which government is spending billions of rupees in for- eign exchange. It is imperative to mention that the efforts made so far at federal and provincial levels to increase the production of oilseed crops are not fruitful. This crop sector remained neglected for the last two decades due to mainly unfavourable edible oil import policies. Three main institutions/organizations namely Oilseed Programme NARC, Agricultural and Biological Engineering Insti- tute (ABEI), NARC and Pakistan Oilseed Development Board (PODB) Islamabad are jointly working at federal level on the development and promotion of oilseed crops. More precisely, Oilseeds Programme is working on the development of new varieties and their promotion. ABEI in addition to other mandatory assignments is looking after the new production technologies for oilseed crops. PODB is re- sponsible for the promotional field activities related to oilseeds such as intro- duction of new varieties and production technologies throughout the country. Oilseed crops are classified into two groups viz., traditional and non traditional crops. Rapeseed/mustard, groundnut, and sesame are the traditional ones while others such as sunflower and canola are the non-traditional oilseeds. Mechaniza- tion is one of the important and efficient tools to enhance the crop yield. It also helps to reduce the labour drudgery and ultimately increased farmers' prosperity.
The effect of aminoguanidine on the kidney of diabetic albino Balb/c mice

The aim of this study is to find out how activated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) affect kidney tissue in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice and whether its influence can be prevented by aminoguanidine (AG), a specific iNOS inhibitor. Twenty-four male mice were divided into four study groups (n=6) receiving a daily dose of 100 mg.kg-1 AG for 90 days (Group AG), a single dose of 150 mg.kg-1 STZ (Group STZ), a single dose of 150 mg.kg-1 STZ followed by daily administration of 100 mg.kg-1 AG for 90 days (Group STZ-AG), and intraperitoneally injections of saline only (Group Control) for 90 days. Dispersion of NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) was stronger in the kidney sections of STZ-treated animals compared with the controls. STZ treatment caused disruption of continuity of the brush borders in proximal tubules, glomerular endothelial damage, and considerable renin granules in the juxtaglomerular cells. AG administration following STZ treatment partly prevented histological and cytological changes in kidney cortex, and renin dispersion was similar to that in control animals. We found that increased inducible nitric oxide (iNO) caused kidney tissue degeneration that could be prevented to some extent by AG treatment. There is a possible relationship between increased iNOS and dispersion of renin granules in juxtaglomerular cells in diabetes.
Characterization of porcine adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) polymorphismsand their association with litter size

Litter size is one of the most important economic traits for pig production as it is directly related to production efficiency. To evaluate the effects of the adiponectin (ADIPOQ) gene on porcine litter size, we investigated ADIPOQ polymorphisms in three breeds, Wannan Black pigs, Berkshire pigs, and BW pigs (crossbred pigs produced from mating male Berkshire pigs and female Wannan Black pigs), using the PCR-SSCP method. Three SNPs (c. 178G > A, c. 1165A > G, and c. 1138G > A) were identified. In Wannan Black pigs, association analysis indicated that the c. 178G > A SNP genotype was significantly associated with an effect on total number born (TNB; P A SNP was significantly associated with an effect on TNB (P < 0.05) and NBA (P < 0.05) in primiparity and multiparity. In addition, three of the nine possible genotype combinations, AACC, AACD, and AGCD, were found. AGCD resulted in primiparous and multiparous sows with the highest TNB. These results indicated that polymorphisms in the ADIPOQ gene could be used for marker-assisted selection programs for the genetic improvement of reproductive characteristics in pigs.
Novel anionic water-containing inorganic fragment in [4-NH2PyH]8[Bi2Cl11] [Bi2Cl9(H2O)2]: Structural characterization, thermal, dielectric and vibrational properties

Abstract A novel compound, [4-NH2PyH]8[Bi2Cl11][Bi2Cl9(H2O)2] (abbreviated as 4APCB), was synthesized and structurally characterized at 100, 150 and 301 K. 4APCB crystallizes in a triclinic centrosymmetric space group, P 1 ¯ . The anionic framework is built up of two types of inorganic fragments, namely [ Bi 2 Cl 11 ] 5 - and [ Bi 2 Cl 9 ( H 2 O ) 2 ] 3 - , and 4-aminopyridinium- cations stacked between inorganic chains via π–π interactions. The latter type of anionic fragment was found for the first time in halobismuthate(III) solid complexes. Based on the results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dilatometric and dielectric studies, 4APCB was found to undergo irreversible phase transition at ca. 342 K, accompanied by a partial decomposition of the compound (loss of water molecules). This chemical transformation is well reflected in the infrared spectrum of 4APCB.
Ovarian stripping versus cystectomy: recurrence of endometriosis and pregnancy rate

To compare two different surgical techniques, stripping or cystectomy, in patients treated with the same post-operative medical therapy in terms of recurrence of endometrioma, recurrence of pain and spontaneous pregnancy rate within 2 years from surgery.The inclusion criteria of this study were: (1) 25-40 years old; (2) ovarian endometrioma more than 3 cm of diameter detected by transvaginal ultrasonography (3) regular menstrual cycle (4) post-operative treatment with GnRH analogs, (5) tubal patency assessed by laparoscopic chromopertubation (6) normal human semen characteristics. Exclusion criteria were uterine myoma, previous medical treatment for endometriosis, presence of adenomyosis, previous surgery of ovarian endometrioma, multiple cysts, bilateral involvement, co-existence of deep endometriosis. Patients were assigned to two study groups: group A (N = 45) patients undergoing stripping technique and group B (N = 64) patients undergoing cystectomy technique for ovarian endometrioma.In group B the percentage of ultrasonographic recurrence (15.4 %, N = 15) is much lower than in group A (55.6 %, N = 25). (p value 0.001). In group B the percentage of symptomatic recurrence (21.8 %, N = 14) is much lower than in group A (53.3 %, N = 24) (p value 0.001). Spontaneous pregnancy rate in group A patients was of 4.4 % (N = 2) and in group B 22.3 % (N = 21), (p value 0.0072). However, the percentage of specimen with adjacent healthy ovarian tissue was lower in group A (26.6 %) than in group B (50 %) (p value 0.01).Among the different treatment options for surgical treatment of ovarian endometrioma, in our experience cystectomy appears to be the most appropriate treatment, both in terms of recurrence and pregnancy rate.
Utilization of biophenols from Olea Europea products - Olives, virgin olive oil and olive mill wastewater

This project aims at a) enhancing the quality of table olives and olive oil produced in the participating regions b) solving olive mill wastewater (OMW) disposal problem removing phenolic compounds and obtaining added-value bioactive food ingredients and c) a conversion of results into production processes by means of appropriate promotional activities. To reach these general objectives the project shall isolate and characterize yeasts and lactic acid bacteria for fermentation process that can be used by table olive industries. In particular: • Obtain bioactive ingredients enriched in phenolic compounds from olive mill wastewater (OMW) using multiple filtration steps. • Test the products for possible cosmetic application (anti-aging, epidermic cell proliferation etc). • Promote research results to olive oil producers and olive mill owners (via targeted workshops and seminars). Create a website where one will be able to find project results and info.
Scientific models, fiction and imagination

The project aims to systematically explore a novel approach to model-based reasoning drawing on the relationship between the debate on the nature of scientific models from philosophy of science and the debate on the nature of fiction from aesthetics. Many contemporary philosophers of science argue that learning with models involves a special cognitive function that they call “surrogative reasoning” or “model-based reasoning”. Understanding model-based reasoning can be divided into two subprojects: what model-systems are (SP1) and how knowledge about the model is converted/interpreted into knowledge about the target (SP2). Work within (SP1) will be driven by the hypothesis that scientific models are akin to the fictions of literature and the arts. Work within (SP2) will be driven by the hypothesis that interpretation is mediated by a representational relation converting a fact about the model system into a claim about the target system. The project relies on the normative and descriptive methodology of analytical naturalised philosophy of science, which focuses on examples and case studies. The project will benefit from the combination of Frigg’s expertise in philosophy of science and modelling and of Salis’ original specialization in the areas of aesthetics and the philosophy of fiction. Furthermore, we will collaborate with the experts from the CPNSS Philosophy of Physics project at LSE, with the decision theorists and social choice experts in the LSE’s Choice Group and with the CATS (Centre for the Analysis of Time Series) group on climate models based at LSE. This study will lead to new insights into the nature of scientific modelling and model-based reasoning and it will open new lines of research by injecting a new and fresh perspective from aesthetics into philosophy of science.
Fine-Scale Spatial Heterogeneity in the Distribution of Waterborne Protozoa in a Drinking Water Reservoir

The occurrence of faecal pathogens in drinking water resources constitutes a threat to the supply of safe drinking water, even in industrialized nations. To efficiently assess and monitor the risk posed by these pathogens, sampling deserves careful design, based on preliminary knowledge on their distribution dynamics in water. For the protozoan pathogens Cryptosporidium and Giardia, only little is known about their spatial distribution within drinking water supplies, especially at fine scale.Two-dimensional distribution maps were generated by sampling cross-sections at meter resolution in two different zones of a drinking water reservoir. Samples were analysed for protozoan pathogens as well as for E. coli, turbidity and physico-chemical parameters.Parasites displayed heterogeneous distribution patterns, as reflected by significant (oo)cyst density gradients along reservoir depth. Spatial correlations between parasites and E. coli were observed near the reservoir inlet but were absent in the downstream lacustrine zone. Measurements of surface and subsurface flow velocities suggest a role of local hydrodynamics on these spatial patterns.This fine-scale spatial study emphasizes the importance of sampling design (site, depth and position on the reservoir) for the acquisition of representative parasite data and for optimization of microbial risk assessment and monitoring. Such spatial information should prove useful to the modelling of pathogen transport dynamics in drinking water supplies.
Design and modelling of metal matrix composites

Excellent mechanical properties make metal matrix composites (MMCs) an attractive and desirable material in many industries. However, manufacturing costs of MMCs are currently very high mainly due to lack of material design database and limited knowledge related to their behavior in various working conditions. This proposed research aims to improve understanding of the relation between MMCs production parameters and their properties. The proposed research plan has two main assignments: firstly, to experimentally obtain optimal processing parameters for producing highly conductive, strengthened copper matrix composites with uniform dispersion of submicron and nano-sized reinforcements; secondly, to create a computational model for mechanical alloying process and for predicting the behaviour of MMCs. Powder metallurgy will be used for MMCs production. It is expected that with increasing mechanical alloying time the distribution of reinforcements (in-situ formed during densification process) in metal matrix become more uniform which is a requirement for excellent mechanical properties. Investigating the influence of size and volume fraction of in-situ formed reinforcing nanoparticles on its microstructural, mechanical and physical properties will be the overall objective of the experimental work. Proposed techniques, data collection, and analysis will identify the relationship between process parameters and material behaviour, which will contribute to the establishment of process parameters for fabrication of MMCs. Obtained results will present a good database which can accelerate further research, development and possible implementation of MMCs. Moreover, creating computational models for control of microstructure and process design of MMCs will contribute to a better understanding and predicting the behaviour of a wide variety of MMCs. It will provide a cost effective solution in the manufacturing of MMCs which will expand possibilities in the design of new products.
Functional Identification of Toxin-Antitoxin Molecules from Helicobacter pylori 26695 and Structural Elucidation of the Molecular Interactions

Bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are associated with many important cellular processes including antibiotic resistance and microorganism virulence. Here, we identify and structurally characterize TA molecules from the gastric pathogen, Helicobacter pylori. The HP0894 protein had been previously suggested, through our structural genomics approach, to be a putative toxin molecule. In this study, the intrinsic RNase activity and the bacterial cell growth-arresting activity of HP0894 were established. The RNA-binding surface was identified at three residue clusters: (Lys(8) and Ser(9)), (Lys(50)-Lys(54) and Glu(58)), and (Arg(80) and His(84)-Phe(88)). In particular, the -UA- and -CA- sequences in RNA were preferentially cleaved by HP0894, and residues Lys(52), Trp(53), and Ser(85)-Lys(87) were observed to be the main contributors to sequence recognition. The action of HP0894 could be inhibited by the HP0895 protein, and the HP0894-HP0895 complex formed an oligomer with a binding stoichiometry of 1:1. The N and C termini of HP0894 constituted the binding sites to HP0895. In contrast, the unstructured C-terminal region of HP0895 was responsible for binding to HP0894 and underwent a conformational change in the process. Finally, DNA binding activity was observed for both HP0895 and the HP0894-0895 complex but not for HP0894 alone. Taken together, it is concluded that the HP0894-HP0895 protein couple is a TA system in H. pylori, where HP0894 is a toxin with an RNase function, whereas HP0895 is an antitoxin functioning by binding to both the toxin and DNA.
Special issue «environmental change on the Mongolian plateau: atmosphere, forests, soils and water»

The Mongolian Plateau forms a part of the Central Asian Plateau and covers an area of approximately 3,200,000 square kilometers in Mongolia and adjacent areas in China and Southern Siberia. It contains one of the world’s largest grassland areas, with the Gobi desert in the south and a transition via steppe and forest steppe to the taiga and mountain tundra in the North (Dulamsuren et al. 2005; Miao et al. 2015). Due to its location, the Plateau's climate is continental and semi-arid to arid, characterized by low precipitation (about 250 mm on average), high potential evapotranspiration (almost 1000 mm on average), large temperature amplitudes, long and harsh winters and recurrent droughts (Dorjgotov 2009; Liu et al. 2019). The Mongolian Plateau mostly drains into the Arctic Ocean basin, including the system of the Selenga River and Lake Baikal, which is not only the world's largest freshwater lake but also a natural heritage of global importance (Kasimov et al. 2017). Hydrologically, parts of the plateau also belong to the Pacific Ocean and Central Asian internal drainage basins.
The role of national parliaments in the arab transformation processes

The research analyses the role of national parliaments in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia since 2011, and assesses their contributions to the political transformation processes. It diminishes an existing research gap since parliaments have received almost no consideration in ‘Arab Spring’ research yet. Semi-structured interviews in all four countries with local parliamentarians, academics, NGO representatives, diplomats and similar decision-makers will produce primary data that will be further discussed in workshops at academic institutions in Amman, Cairo, Rabat and Tunis as well as a conference at the University of Dundee. Peer-reviewed articles, open-access contributions and a monograph will disseminate findings to the public.
The underlying hypothesis is that parliaments have influence only in policy topics that (a) do not tackle national security questions and (b) are of domestic nature. In other words, parliaments in the four selected Arab countries may be influential in less sensitive facets of the countries’ individual justice and home affairs, yet to different extent.
For this, Prof. Christian Kaunert is the perfect supervisor, as he is one of the most distinguished scholars on EU justice and home affairs with strong affinities to the Arab world; the action will be connected to his newly established European Institute for Security and Justice, created within the School of Politics at UNIVDUN, and contribute not only to excellent basic research but also help increasing the institute’s visibility within the EU as well as within core countries of the EU’s southern neighbourhood.
For the intended research action, the experienced researcher can already built on initial research that he has conducted in 2013 and 2014 as visiting professor at Cairo University. However, this research was just a first step into this innovative research field; with the intended action, more steps shall follow to tackle the research topic more comprehensively and in more detail.
Comparative life cycle assessment of asphalt pavements using reclaimed asphalt, warm mix technology and cold in-place recycling

Abstract In this work the environmental sustainability of asphalt pavement is analyzed, from material production and maintenance strategy point of view. The work consists of an analysis of the life cycle of 1 km of road pavement and includes all stages of the life cycle: from extraction of virgin materials to end of life. Three types of pavements are compared, among which one produced with virgin materials and traditional technologies in plant, which is used as a reference, and two in which the use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) technology are combined. Also the implementation of the practice of Cold In-Place Recycling (CIR) at the end of life is considered from an environmental point of view: after the first 15 years of life the comparison is made between traditional recycling in plant and CIR. The impacts are evaluated using different methods. Decrease in environmental impacts are found for the options that combine the use of RAP and WMA reaching up to a percentage of reduction of 12% for CO2eq, 15% for energy consumptions, 15% for water used during the lifecycle, and 10–15% for the three macro-categories of damage evaluated in the ReCiPe endpoint method. Additional reductions could be achieved by applying also CIR technology especially for greenhouse gas emissions (−9%).
Rise of the 3rd dimension in nanotemperature mapping

The last decades witnessed a quest for devices responding to temperature at a distance with unprecedented space resolution, approaching the nanoscale. Such devices are valuable in both fundamental and applied science, from overheat in micromachines to hyperthermia applied to cells. Despite great advances, the response is still collected in 2D. In real systems, heat flows in 3 dimensions such that 2D nanothermometers give just a plane view of a 3D reality. The restriction to 2D emerges because space resolution is bound to time and temperature resolutions, leading to a trilemma: scanning into the 3rd dimension is time consuming and cannot be achieve without losing temperature and time resolutions. While incremental improvements have been achieved in recent years, adding the 3rd dimension to nanothermometry is crucial for further impact and requires an innovative approach. Herein, I propose the development of nano local probes with tailored magnetic properties recording critical information about local temperature in 3D. These thermometric local probes avoid the resolution trilemma by recording the most relevant temperature information instead of reading the present temperature value. In many applications, including cellular hyperthermia, most part of the current temperature reading is of minor relevance and can be dropped. The key temperature information includes the maximum temperature achieved, the surpass of a given temperature threshold, and the time elapsed after this surpass. Once recorded, this key information can be read in 3D by standard devices (such as confocal microscopes and magnetic resonance imaging scanners) without time constrains and thus keeping a high space and temperature resolution. Moreover, the reading step can be performed in-situ and/or ex-situ, decoupling probes and reading devices if needed. This widens the range of applications of nanothermometers, allowing detection in confined environments and in non-transparent media.
The Provenance of Workflow Upgrades

Provenance has become an increasingly important part of documenting, verifying, and reproducing scientific research, but as users seek to extend or share results, it may be impractical to start from the exact original steps due to system configuration differences, library updates, or new algorithms. Although there have been several approaches for capturing workflow provenance, the problem of managing upgrades of the underlying tools and libraries orchestrated by workflows has been largely overlooked. In this paper we consider the problem of maintaining and re-using the provenance of workflow upgrades. We propose different kinds of upgrades that can be applied, including automatic mechanisms, developer-specified, and user-defined. We show how to capture provenance from such upgrades and suggest how this provenance might be used to influence future upgrades. We also describe our implementation of these upgrade techniques.
A FEEDING DEVICE FOR HIGH PRESSURE DIGESTORS

The present invention refers to a feeding device for high pressure digestors of the type comprising a feeding assembly (1) that comprises a conical tubular body (6) having an inlet nozzle (9) and an outlet nozzle (10) mounted on a structural base (7) and a threaded axle (11) received inside it, said threaded axle (11) being driven by a motor (2), a reducer (3) and a speed variator (4) through a first end (14) and having a free opposed distal end (13). Right below said inlet nozzle (9), said threaded axle (11) is provided with a rectilineal stretch (16), in which said helical channels have a homogeneous depth (12a) to facilitate the gripping of the material. Further, the distal end (13) of said threaded axle has a conicity (17) corresponding to the conicity of said tubular body (6), the depth (12b) of the helical channels at said distal end gradually decreasing along the length of the axle, so as to expel the material and compress it against the inner surface of the tubular body.