SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Reversing the Landauer's erasure: Single-electron Maxwell's demon operating at the limit of thermodynamic efficiency

According to Landauer's principle, erasure of information is the only part of a computation process that unavoidably involves energy dissipation. If done reversibly, such an erasure generates the minimal heat of $k_BT\ln 2$ per erased bit of information. The goal of this work is to discuss the actual reversal of the optimal erasure which can serve as the basis for the Maxwell's demon operating with ultimate thermodynamic efficiency as dictated by the second law of thermodynamics. The demon extracts $k_BT\ln 2$ of heat from an equilibrium reservoir at temperature $T$ per one bit of information obtained about the measured system used by the demon. We have analyzed this Maxwell's demon in the situation when it uses a general quantum system with a discrete spectrum of energy levels as its working body. In the case of the effectively two-level system, which has been realized experimentally based on tunneling of individual electron in a single-electron box [J.V. Koski et al., PNAS 111, 13786 (2014)], we also studied and minimized corrections to the ideal reversible operation of the demon. These corrections include, in particular, the non-adiabatic terms which are described by a version of the classical fluctuation-dissipation theorem. The overall reversibility of the Maxwell's demon requires, beside the reversibility of the intrinsic working body dynamics, the reversibility of the measurement and feedback processes. The single-electron demon can, in principle, be made fully reversible by developing a thermodynamically reversible single-electron charge detector for measurements of the individual charge states of the single-electron box.
Scouring the surface: Ejecta dynamics and the LCROSS impact event

Abstract The Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite mission (LCROSS) impacted the moon in a permanently shadowed region of Cabeus crater on October 9th 2009, excavating material rich in water ice and volatiles. The thermal and spatial evolution of LCROSS ejecta is essential to interpretation of regolith properties and sources of released volatiles. The unique conditions of the impact, however, made analysis of the data based on canonical ejecta models impossible. Here we present the results of a series of impact experiments performed at the NASA Ames Vertical Gun Range designed to explore the LCROSS event using both high-speed cameras and LCROSS flight backup instruments. The LCROSS impact created a two-component ejecta plume: the usual inverted lampshade “low-angle” curtain, and a high speed, high-angle component. These separate components excavated to different depths in the regolith. Extrapolations from experiments match the visible data and the light curves in the spectrometers. The hollow geometry of the Centaur led to the formation of the high-angle plume, as was evident in the LCROSS visible and infrared measurements of the ejecta. Subsequent ballistic return of the sunlight-warmed ejecta curtain could scour the surface out to many crater radii, possibly liberating loosely bonded surface volatiles (e.g., H 2 ). Thermal imaging reveals a complex, heterogeneous distribution of heated material after crater formation that is present but unresolved in LCROSS data. This material could potentially serve as an additional source of energy for volatile release.
Cmb lensing at sub-percent precision: a new probe of cosmology and fundamental physics

Maps of the gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) directly trace the mass distribution across our universe. Though recent measurements have established the CMB lensing signal as a powerful probe of cosmology and fundamental physics, we are only beginning to exploit its scientific potential. My ERC-funded team will analyse lensing in CMB data from Advanced ACTPol and Simons Observatory, powerful ground-based experiments for which I am co-leading the lensing working groups. By developing and applying new analysis methods, my team will reconstruct large-sky CMB lensing maps that are an order of magnitude more precise than current state-of-the-art measurements.

With our high-fidelity lensing maps, we will address key questions about the origin of the universe, the properties of neutrinos, the nature of dark energy, and the formation of cosmic structure. We will determine or tightly bound the unknown neutrino mass by measuring the CMB lensing power spectrum to 0.6% precision, place stringent constraints on the time evolution of dark energy by combining CMB lensing maps with large-scale structure datasets, and enable powerful searches for primordial gravitational waves by removing the limiting lensing signal from the CMB polarization. To achieve these goals, my group will address the central challenges posed by the advance of lensing science to ultra-high precision, pioneering new approaches to lensing estimation, foreground mitigation, and CMB B-mode delensing.
Fest: A feature extraction and selection tool for Android malware detection

Android has become one of the most popular mobile operating systems because of numerous applications (apps) it provides. However, Android malware downloaded from third-party markets threatens users' privacy, and most of them remain undetected because of the lack of efficient and accurate detecting techniques. Prior efforts on Android malware detection attempted to build precise classification models by manually choosing features, and few of them has used any feature selection algorithms to help pick typical features. In this paper, we present Feature Extraction and Selection Tool (Fest), a feature-based machine learning approach for malware detection. We first implement a feature extraction tool, AppExtractor, which is designed to extract features, such as permissions or APIs, according to the predefined rules. Then we propose a feature selection algorithm, FrequenSel. Unlike existing selection algorithms which pick features by calculating their importance, FrequenSel selects features by finding the difference their frequencies between malware and benign apps, because features which are frequently used in malware and rarely used in benign apps are more important to distinguish malware from benign apps. In experiments, we evaluate our approach with 7972 apps, and the results show that Fest gets nearly 98% accuracy and recall, with only 2% false alarms. Moreover, Fest only takes 6.5s to analyze an app on a common PC, which is very time-efficient for malware detection in Android markets.
Virtual presence in moving objects through 5g

The PriMO-5G project addresses the area of “a) Focus on mmWave and super broadband services” in the call “EUK-02-2018: 5G” of the Horizon 2020 Work Program 2018-2020. 

The main aim of the PriMO-5G project is to demonstrate an end-to-end 5G system providing immersive video services for moving objects. This will be done by cross-continental testbeds that integrate radio access and core networks developed by different project partners. The cross-continental testbeds will show the end-to-end operations of envisaged use cases. To achieve this aim, the PriMO-5G project will develop a set of solutions enabling the ultra-high data rate services for fast-moving cars and drones. The development includes mmWave radio technologies, interoperable 5G core networks, and AI-assisted communications. 

The project contributes to the standardization of 5G Phase 2 and beyond, identifies possible regulatory bottlenecks that need to be solved in order to enable the system to operate globally, assesses the economic and business aspects related to the use of 5G for immerse video service in vehicular and aerial drone settings. The consortium benefits from leading industrial partners both in Europe and Korea who are active key members of major standardization fora, regulatory bodies, and open source communities. Academic partners will also influence the spectrum policies through national regulatory authorities. 

The PriMO-5G  consortium members represent the full range of competence and expertise covering the whole value chain in a complementary way to achieve the project’s objectives. The consortium draws on skills from world-leading manufacturers, competent operator, top universities, and innovative SMEs in Europe and Korea, thus ensuring close cooperation and balanced effort between the two regions. The project will foster a long-term partnership between the two regions, which will help Europe and Korea retain the competitive edge in the fierce global 5G competition.
First International Workshop on Measurability of Security in Software Architectures -- MeSSa 2010

The growing complexity of service-centric systems has increased the need for pertinent and reliable software security and trusted system solutions. Systematic approaches to measuring security in software architectures are needed in order to obtain sufficient and credible proactive evidence of the security level or performance of a system, service or product. The systematic definition of security metrics and security assurance metrics is a young field that still lacks widely accepted definitions of metrics and applicable measuring techniques for design-time and run-time security monitoring. MeSSa 2010 workshop contributes on the following issues:• Security, trust and privacy metrics• Security assurance metrics• Security, trust and privacy measurement systems and associated data gathering• Metrics for adaptive security systems• Taxonomical and ontological research on security metrics• Experimental results from security measurements• Security measurability-increasing mechanisms for software architectures• The relationship and differences between security metrics and security assurance metrics• Trade-off analysis and decision-making at design-time and at run-time.
Improving matrix approximation for recommendation via a clustering-based reconstructive method

Matrix approximation is a common model-based approach to collaborative filtering in recommender systems. Many relevant algorithms that fuse social contextual information have been proposed. They mainly focus on using the latent factor vectors of users and items to construct a low-rank approximation of the user-item rating matrix. However, due to data sparsity, it is difficult for current approaches to accurately learn every user/item vector, which may cause low-quality recommendations for some users or items. But we implicitly detect some similar users or items based on the distance among the vectors. In this paper, we take advantage of the implicit similarity to improve matrix approximation. Borrowing parts of ideas from CodeBook Transfer, we propose a reconstructive method that compresses low-rank approximation into a cluster-level rating-pattern referred to as a codebook, and then constructs an improved approximation by expending the codebook. Experiments on real life datasets demonstrate our method improves the prediction accuracy of the state-of-the-art matrix factorization and social recommendation models.
Propuesta de reforma modificatoria a los artículos 179 y 186 referentes al seguimiento de las adopciones contenidos en los capítulos III, IV, del título VII de la adopción, del Código Orgánico de la Niñez y Adolescencia

In recent years we can see that our country Ecuador albeit government policy on the social side has allowed some progress, are however still the abandonment of Children and Adolescents by their parents has become common practice, it is not uncommon to see that despite certain policies adopted by the current regime still have them on the streets to be victims of labor exploitation, sexual, begging conditions, including trafficking and drug trafficking. Moreover, it is also important to note that our Constitution guarantees their integral development assuring the full exercise of their rights, so for those under declared abandoned has the opportunity to grow their family through a method of family continuity that allows accommodate a child and provide a proper, permanent and definitive family, known as adoption.
Currently the MIES (Ministry of Economic and Social Inclusion) changes its structure to improve the implementation of social policies is so regarding adoptions through UTA nine (TECHNICAL UNIT FOR ADOPTION) throughout the country applies a strictly inclusive policy. That is, having two programs Adoption, the first is called General Program for Adoption (children 0-3 years) and the second called Priority Adoption Program (children aged 3-17 years old, sibling groups and children with disability or illness).
It is also important to note that individuals and Ecuadorian families wish to choose this option perpetuity family have priority on the issue of the adoption of the desire of those foreign individuals or families.
According to our legislation (Organic Code on Children and Adolescents) that states in its Art. 179 and 186 that the process of post-adoption follow-up is two years under the tutelage of the UTA (ADOPTION TECHNICAL UNIT). In the development of this research is unacceptable to find that such a procedure, for lack of economic allocation is carried out without the necessary professional or so-called technical team (Psychologist and Social Worker) and tracked via phone the first four months after this by periodic reports every six months and if necessary proceed with previously scheduled visits which are paid for by the people in charge in this case is the Social Worker.
With the background above and after the time stipulated for the post-adoption monitoring by the Ecuadorian State, it is impossible to know the real future of those children placed for adoption, so that I think that period is insufficient to fully guarantee the exercise of their rights
Body Composition and Net Energy Requirements of Brazilian Somali Lambs

The aim of this study was to determine the energy requirements for maintenance (NEm) and growth of 48 Brazilian Somali ram lambs with an average initial body weight of 13.47±1.76 kg. Eight animals were slaughtered at the trials beginning as a reference group to estimate the initial empty body weight (EBW) and body composition. The remaining animals were assigned to a randomised block design with eight replications per block and five diets with increasing metabolisable energy content (4.93, 8.65, 9.41, 10.12 and 11.24 MJ/kg dry matter). The logarithm of heat production was regressed against metabolisable energy intake (MEI), and the NEm (kJ/kg 0.75 EBW/day) were estimated by extrapolation, when MEI was set at zero. The NEm was 239.77 kJ/kg 0.75 EBW/day. The animal’s energy and EBW fat contents increased from 11.20 MJ/kg and 208.54 g/kg to 13.54 MJ/kg and 274.95 g/kg of EBW, respectively, as the BW increased from 13 to 28.70 kg. The net energy requirements for EBW gain increased from 13.79 to 16.72 MJ/kg EBW gain for body weights of 13 and 28.70 kg. Our study indicated the net energy requirements for maintenance in Brazilian Somali lambs were similar to the values commonly recommended by the United States’ nutritional system, but lower than the values recommended by Agricultural Research Council and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization. Net requirements for weight gain were less compared to the values commonly recommended by nutritional system of the United States.
Network of STRAits

In November 2010, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between 15 local authorities and organisations bordering 8 European straits: the Strait of Dover, the Strait of Messina, the Kvarken, the Strait of Sicily, the Gulf of Finland, the Strait of Otranto, the Fehmarnbelt and the Strait of Bonifacio. This MoU defines two main objectives for the partnership: gaining recognition of the European straits' specificities at national and European levels and enhancing cooperation projects between the partners.
Indeed, the straits of Europe share several common issues (transport, economic development, maritime safety…), which all have an impact on the natural heritage of the straits. The partners have thus decided to exchange experience in order to be able to implement more efficient and environment-friendly policies at strait level.
NOSTRA aims at showing how integrated governance tools (bi-national ones) can help improving the way strait areas are managed.
In particular, the objective is to ensure the economic development of the territory without endangering the biodiversity and environment. The preservation of biodiversity was identified as the nodal point of all issues straits have to face. Moreover, it is foreseen that an integrated management of the area is the proper answer to most problems faced by the local authorities bordering the straits.
In this framework, 16 partners bordering 8 straits of Europe have joined in the partnership in order to share experience, good practices and analyse the governance tools already implemented or in project. This will be done through several events such as study visits, workshops, seminars, forums and conferences.

The results of the activities will be widely shared at local level thanks to the organisation of regular territorial meetings with local stakeholders.
Those meetings will also be opportunities to identify good practices and know the local actors’ expectations. This will thus ensure a proper top-down and bottom-up approach.

The communication will also be done through a website, flyers and a good practices and policy recommendations guide.
Besides, all partners will prepare implementation plans in which they will explain what type of practices they will use and implement at local and strait level and how. This should enable the partners to directly benefit from the project by adapting their own policies according to the knowledge gained.
Another aim of the project is to bring a contribution to the improvement of the European policies regarding the straits governance.
NOSTRA will also enhance the European Straits Initiative (ESI) which will be able to lean its influence actions on concrete basis. The project might also enable the ESI to widen its partnership to other straits.
Retención de mercurio en cenizas volantes

[EN] Mercury and its compounds are highly toxic species that are characterized by their high volatility, persistence in the environment and an ability to concentrate in organisms and rise up the food chain. Mercury species are released into the environment from natural sources and human activities, coal combustion in power plants being the main source of anthropogenic emissions. Several ways of reducing mercury emissions in coal burning power plants have been studied. However, in spite of the efforts made, no efficient and low-cost technology for the control of mercury has yet been found. Fly ashes are wastes from coal combustion which are separated from the flue gas in the particle control systems. It has been found that fly ashes are able to retain mercury in proportions that vary significantly from one system to another, although the mechanisms by which this retention takes place are unknown. An understanding of these mechanisms would make it possible to optimise the working conditions of the power plants and particle capture systems in order to favour the interaction of mercury and fly ash. This would help to reduce mercury emissions without the need for large investments. The aim of the present study was to identify the factors and mechanisms involved in the retention of mercury in fly ashes and in its possible homogeneous and heterogeneous oxidation. To achieve this objective, fly ashes from different power plants were used in order to have a variety of sorbents with different characteristics with the aim of studying the influence of these characteristics on mercury retention. After the characterization of the fly ashes, gaseous elemental mercury retention and oxidation studies were carried out in a laboratory scale device under different gaseous atmospheres. Mercury retention was evaluated by continuously measuring the mercury unretained in the fly ash using a vapour monitor and by analysing the mercury retained in the fly ash in an automatic mercury analyser. Oxidation was studied by means of the Ontario-Hydro method. The results obtained indicate that fly ash carbonaceous matter plays a significant role in mercury retention, although there are also other factors involved in the process. It was observed that the gaseous species present in the atmosphere affect mercury retention, because they may interact with the surface of the fly ash and mercury, thereby promoting or inhibiting the retention of this element. The gaseous species may also react with the mercury in gas phase and on the surface of the ash, causing it to oxidise. Oxidized mercury may be retained in the ash to a greater or lesser extent, depending on the conditions. The results of mercury oxidation in conjunction with the stability of the species retained in the ashes and the differences in retention capacity point to a chemical – type interaction between mercury and fly ash. Condensation of the mercury oxidised in gas phase cannot be ruled out in those cases where there is homogeneous oxidation.
Safety gloves for protection of health care professionals

Despite high-tech medical equipment the recurrent incidence of fatal needlestick injuries and persistent thread of subsequent infections of medical staff in many clinical applications is a big challenge in today’s modern society. Many surgeons and nurses try to protect themselves from infection risks by wearing two gloves on top of each other. In addition to the high consumption of material precarious working conditions with a permanent thread of serious diseases (HIV, hepatitis C) are drastic consequences for humans constantly exposed to potentially infectious liquids. Also the economic consequences are huge, as follow-up costs amount up to USD 1,691 per needlestick injury (and additional treatment, litigation, compensation costs) for hospitals and society. The project goal of replacing double gloving in surgical fields is fully in line with EU directive 2010/32/EU implemented to prevent workers' injuries caused by all medical sharps (including needlesticks). 
Within the SME II project, Smarterials Technology GmbH (ST) introduces a ground-breaking double gloving substitute innovation based on micro-particles, multi-layers and the use of natural raw materials (TRL 6-7) to the European (and global) market. The USPs of high protection, superior tactility and dexterity, less energy and material consumption at low cost will change the rules of the surgical gloves market. During the project production processes at manufacturers need to be adapted, the technology to be demonstrated in core applications (in particular surgery) and detected customers needs to be met in order to prepare the market entry and make this technology the new protection standard in healthcare. This ever-increasing sector is a high-volume market worth more than € 1,4 billion. The SME II project is a major part of ST´s strategy and will lead to significant increase in turnover far beyond € 100 million and to a more environmentally friendly, protected and healthier society in Europe.
INITIALIZATION ALGORITHM FOR DRIVE CONTROL IN A CORIOLIS FLOWMETER

A system for initializing parameters in a drive circuit. This invention applies initial drive signals to a drive circuit which causes said flow tube (103A, 103B, 201) to vibrate. The configuration of the flow tube (103A, 103B, 201) is then determined from pick-off signals received from pick-off sensors (105, 105', 205, 205') associated with the flow tube (103A, 103B, 201). Parameters for generation of said drive signals are then set based upon the configuration of said flow tube (103A, 103B, 201).