SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical surface patterns from dissolution-reaction-crystallisation mediated evaporation controlled self-assembly (drc-eca) and its antimicrobial coating application

A preliminary study by the applicant (Dr. Hua Wu (HW)) has proposed a novel dissolution-reaction-crystallisation mediated evaporation controlled self-assembly (DRC-ECSA) mechanism, from surprising and unprecedented observations of complex residual surface patterns with hierarchical architecture self-assembled upon evaporative drying of a ZnO nanofluid droplet.  This mechanism is very diﬀerent from that previously established for the coﬀee ring eﬀect and other ECSA processes, and the morphological and nanostructural details of the obtained surface patterns also depend intricately on – thus are tuneable by – a range of physical parameters. Much of the complexity due to these corroborating factors remains to be fully explored. The aim of the project is threefold: 1) to fully understand the DRC-ECSA mechanism by comprehensively investigating the effects of physical parameters such as the solvent mixtures, evaporation rate, ZnO nanofluid concentration, shape and size of ZnO particles, addition of surfactants and polymers, substrate chemistry, droplet volume, temperature and humidity; 2) to apply and extend the DRC-ECSA mechanism (e.g. in a confined geometry and using binary particle mixtures) to obtain sophisticated surface patterns with tailored morphologies and hierarchical structures; 3) to evaluate the efficacy of the surface patterns for potential applications in antimicrobial coatings. By leading and engaging in the proposed project, Dr. HW will acquire new skills and knowledge in a range of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary scientific and technical areas, including non-equilibrium ECSA, nucleation and crystal growth, morphological and structural characterization, nanoparticle synthesis, and microbiology of nanostructured surfaces. A broad range of transferrable skills acquired through the enriching experience of this interdisciplinary project will be very beneficial to Dr. HW’s longer term career plans to become an independent research leader.
Dynamic Ultrasonic Nebulisation Extraction Coupled with Headspace Ionic Liquid-based Single-drop Microextraction for the Analysis of the Essential Oil in <i>Forsythia suspensa</i>

Ionic liquids have attracted much attention as an extraction solvent instead of traditional organic solvent in single-drop microextraction. However, non-volatile ionic liquids are difficult to couple with gas chromatography. Thus, the following injection system for the determination of organic compounds is described.To establish an environmentally friendly, simple, and effective extraction method for preparation and analysis of the essential oil from aromatic plants.The dynamic ultrasonic nebulisation extraction was coupled with headspace ionic liquid-based single-drop microextraction(UNE-HS/IL/SDME)for the extraction of essential oils from Forsythia suspense fruits. After 13 min of extraction for 50 mg sample, the extracts in ionic liquid were evaporated rapidly in the gas chromatography injector through a thermal desorption unit (5 s). The traditional extraction method was carried out for comparative study.The optimum conditions were: 3 μL of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate was selected as the extraction solvent, the sample amount was 50 mg, the flow rate of purging gas was 200 mL/min, the extraction time was 13 min, the injection volume was 2 μL, and the thermal desorption temperature and time were 240 °C and 5 s respectively. Comparing with hydrodistillation (HD), the proposed method was environment friendly and efficient.The proposed method is environmentally friendly, time saving, with high efficiency and low consumption. It would extend the application range of the HS/SDME and would be useful especially for aromatic plants analysis.
Taming the reaction dynamics of paramagnetic species

Radicals are paramagnetic species – atoms or molecules with an unpaired electron – and they are prevalent in gas-phase environments such as the atmosphere, combustion systems and the interstellar medium. In spite of their real-world importance, very few experimental methods can be applied to the precise study of gas-phase radical reactions. This is primarily due to the significant challenges associated with such studies; there are no established methods for generating a pure beam of atomic or molecular gas-phase radicals with tuneable properties. In this proposal, I provide a solution. I will develop a versatile and innovative “magnetic guide”, for the generation of a pure and state-selected beam of radicals. The magnetic guide will feature a series of specially-designed permanent magnets (Halbach arrays) and skimming blades. It will act as a stand-alone device, producing a pure beam of radicals with continuously tuneable velocity from an effusive mixture (containing radicals, precursor molecules and seed gases). The magnetic guide will be combined with two existing experiments – an ion trap and a liquid-surface set-up – and will enable us to study ion-radical and radical-liquid surface interactions with unprecedented control and precision. We will examine important gas-phase reactions involving radicals in isolation (i.e. without competing side reactions) for the first time. Our measurements will provide the missing experimental data needed to improve the accuracy of (for example) complex atmospheric chemistry models – replacing untested predictions from capture theory calculations.
Managing the Middle-Income Transition: Challenges Facing the People's Republic of China

The growth model of the People's Republic of China (PRC) has been based on high investment and exports, a low-cost advantage, and government interventions. This model has successfully transformed the country from a low-income to an upper-middle-income economy. However, the model has generated contradictions that could undermine future growth. Making the transition to high income requires greater reliance on efficiency, productivity, innovation, and market competition. This book examines the challenges faced by the PRC in sustaining robust growth and offers policy options for making a successful transition to high income while avoiding the middle-income trap. Chapters focus on all aspects of the PRC's economy, including: the growth model, the role of government, industrial upgrading, the financial sector, fiscal management, human capital, the services sector, urbanization, labor market transitions, aging and the pension system, income inequality, managing external economic relations, and water scarcity. Policy analysts, researchers, academics, and students interested in the growth and development prospects of the PRC will find this book invaluable, as will practitioners and policy makers in government, international agencies, multilateral development banks, think tanks, and research institutes.
Quality of life improvement by supporting public and private services in the rural areas of the Alps

The progressive social and economic marginality of the mountain areas is matched with the decreasing offer of goods and services available for inhabitants (especially for the weakest categories).
This causes a decrease in the quality of life and local identity: many surveys report that the progressive depopulation of mountain areas is due to the desire to look for services at an urban quality level
This trend causes a progressive decrease of trading activities as well as of offered social services, whereas the rising age of the inhabitants tends to create an increasing demand for social and healthcare services. This trend contrasts the economical sustainability of existing social services and trading activities, at least, the way they are run at the present time. The project proposes to carry out co-ordinated area systems which strengthen the existing structural and infra-structural networks matching them with human resources and territorial potentials. These results will be based on the creation of polyfunctional centers/movable services where activities will be coordinated even through the use of ICT (tele booking, e-commerce, e-government).
Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia in the neonatal intensive care unit

To determine the underlying causes and short-term prognosis of patients with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia in a tertiary neonatal intensive care units.We retrospectively analyzed the etiology, course, and shortterm prognosis of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia observed in newborn infants in a tertiary neonatal intensive care units.Of a total of 104 infants with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (2.1%, 104/4915), 92 infants (56 full-term, 36 preterm) were enrolled in the study. Cholestatic jaundice as a sole finding on physical examination during admission was present in 15.2% infants, and conjugated hyperbilirubinemia developed within the first week of life in nearly half of the infants (51.1%). The most frequent causes of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia within the first days of life were vascular/ischemic events, inspissated bile, and inherited metabolic disorders. The majority of the infants (80%) had also concomitant clinical disorders that might possibly contributed tothe development of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. The majority of the deaths (87%) were primarily related to serious perinatal events and genetic/inherited disorders. Bilirubin levels in the most of the survivors (87.1%) returned to normal within six months.Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia is not uncommon in neonatal intensive care unit. Etiology is often multifactorial and more commonly arise from non-hepatic causes. Outcome depends on the underlying causes. Early diagnosis and treatment may be critical for favorable outcome.
Response of Arching Unreinforced Concrete Masonry Walls to Blast Loading

New standards for blast protection of buildings are currently being developed in the United States and Canada. In this regard, both standards are considering unreinforced masonry (URM) walls as particularly vulnerable to blast events and may not be used in blast-resisting structural systems. In this paper, the effectiveness of enforcing arching action as a cost-effective hardening technique for vertically spanning one-way URM walls under blast loads is investigated. A total of eight full-scale concrete-block URM walls were subjected to blast loads generated by high explosives. Enforcing URM walls arching between rigid supports significantly enhanced their out-of-plane blast resistance compared to similar nonarching (flexural) URM walls. Moreover, no fragments or debris were observed on the leeward side of the arching walls, indicating the potential of the proposed hardening technique in reducing the hazard level on the occupants of buildings with exterior URM walls. The improved performance is attributed ...
Effect of storage period on the chemical composition and in vitro gas production of selected forages

A study was conducted at the University of Agriculture, Abeokuta between December, 2007 and April, 2008 to determine the effect of storage period on the chemical composition and in vitro gas production of some selected forage namely; cowpea (lITA2), cowpea (Oloyin), Verano stylo, the leaf and stem fractions of maize stover, and Guinea grass (local variety). The maize stover, was left to dry in silu for two weeks before storage. The two cowpea varieties were harvested after the removal of the pods. The stylo and the Guinea grass were both harvested after flowering. The foragers were sun-dried for two days except the maize stover. They were all tied with ropes and transported to the storage shed within the same week in December, 2007. Sub-samples were taken randomly for analyses at the point of storage and every 2 weeks subsequently) for a period of 10, weeks. The dry matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF), Acid Detergent Fibre (AD F), and Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL) contents V\ere determined. The in vitro gas production, fermentation parameters, volume of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and metabolizable energy (ME) were assessed at weeks 0.4 and 10. The mean temperature and relative humidity during the storage period ranged between 28.5Â°C-29.5Â°C and 41 %-76 % respectively. The OM contents increased (P 0.05) in absg for the grasses during the period of storage. The CP contents during the period of storage except that of the stem fraction of the maize stover were generally above the minimum 7 % requirement recommended for maintenance of small ruminants. Hence, the forages used in this study though experienced some nutritional losses during storage can be successfully stored for anprim of 10 weeks in the dry season.
Transformation and the management of historical forest. landscapes of the eugaean hill (padua, italy). fresh perspectives through spatial analyses and dendro-anthracology

To better anticipate global changes (environmental, climate and social changes), research over the past twenty years has focused on understanding and measuring the interactions between societies and their environment. Knowledge of past environments and their evolution in relation to society can help contribute to better manage, protect and anticipate present and future environments. 
This project adds to this dynamic research with a focus on forests. Forested landscapes represent the ecological inheritance of centuries of forest management to supply, among other products, the fuel necessary for human activities. Thus, to meet their demands for firewood past societies gradually modified and transformed the landscapes they inhabited. We focus here on the evolution of historical forests in the Euganean Hills (Colli Euganei, Padua-Italy) through wood charcoal production. Charcoal production is extremely polymorphic and fully understanding it requires the use of different approaches and disciplines (including history, ethnography, archaeology, geography, archaeobotany etc.) The aim of this project is to develop an integrated approach combining all disciplines to reconstruct forest landscapes on the Euganean Hills at different temporal and spatial scales. 
The choice of the Euganean Hills has been guided by its interesting biodiversity, by the numerous diachronic archaeological surveys previously undertaken, by the wealth of written and cartographic documentation concerning the uncultivated lands and also by the willingness of local actors to promote their region thanks to the richness of the landscape and its history. The project THISTLE aims to reconstitue the history of cultural landscapes, and more precisely of forest landscape of the Euganean Hills (Colli Euganei, Padua-Italie) with a pluridisciplinary approch in order to protect and promote them at different geographical scales (from local to global).
Foreign Direct Investment,Private Shares and Quality of Labors:Empirical Evidence from China's Firm-level Data

With the rapid growth of scale of foreign direct investment flows into China,how to utilize and absorb FDI more effectively is a hot topic in the current academic circles. Using firm-level data conducted by the World Bank in 2001,this paper explores the relevance of private shares and the spillovers of FDI on Chinese enterprises. The empirical results show that with the more flexible salary system,enterprises which have higher private shares can provide higher wages of skilled labors with the presence of FDI,thereby improving the quality of the skilled labor,especially that of the managers that tend to be more scarce. Meanwhile,along with the improvement of the quality of labor,the enterprise can benefit from the spillovers of FDI through the effect of backward linkage.
Socioeconomic, demographic study on substance abuse among students of professional college in a southern town, Berhampur of Odisha state (India)

Currently there is an increasing trend of substance abuse in developing countries like India. This study attempted to identify the different predisposing factors, associated psycho-social and medical problems, prevalence and types of substance abuse in students. The study covered a cross-section of 720 students with an overall male to female ratio of 4.1:1. The majority of the sufferers were from middle socioeconomic class, aged between 15 and 19 years. Common substances of abuse were chewable tobacco and cannabis. The risk of abuse was more in hostellers hailing from broken families (62.5%). Friends had the highest influence (59%). Most of them (49.4%) tried multiple times to give up, but peer pressure (53%) compelled them to restart. In 60.8% cases the parents were completely unaware about this behavior. The commonly associated problems were psychological (34.3%) and medical (29.5%). Our study at the end points out major risk factors and their remedial measures to curb substance abuse.
Spatiotemporal Variations of Meteorological Droughts and the Assessments of Agricultural Drought Risk in a Typical Agricultural Province of China

Drought is one of the most common natural disasters on a global scale and has a wide range of socioeconomic impacts. In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal variations of meteorological drought in a typical agricultural province of China (i.e., Shaanxi Province) based on the Standard Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). We also investigated the response of winter wheat and summer maize yields to drought by a correlation analysis between the detrended SPEI and the time series of yield anomaly during the crop growing season. Moreover, agricultural drought risks were assessed across the province using a conceptual risk assessment model that emphasizes the combined role of drought hazard and vulnerability. The results indicated that droughts have become more severe and frequent in the study area after 1995. The four typical timescales of SPEI showed a consistent decreasing trend during the period 1960–2016; the central plains of the province showed the most significant decreasing trend, where is the main producing area of the province’s grain. Furthermore, the frequency and intensity of drought increased significantly after 1995; the most severe drought episodes occurred in 2015–2016. Our results also showed that the sensitivity of crop yield to drought varies with the timescales of droughts. Droughts at six-month timescales that occurred in March can explain the yield losses for winter wheat to the greatest extent, while the yield losses of summer maize are more sensitive to droughts at three-month timescales that occurred in August. The assessment agricultural drought risk showed that some areas in the north of the province are exposed to a higher risk of drought and other regions are dominated by low risk.
Pengendalain Harga Pokok Produksi Dengan Metode Full Costing Pada “Kerupuk Sari Udang Mbah Oerip-Sidoarjo”

Companies must be able to compete in terms of prices by managing the handling of raw materials, labor and overhaed factories. All three are very important because they directly affect the cost of the product (HPP). UD company Redjo Makmoer Indonesia, is a company that produces crackers. For the determination of production costs and pricing of sales, the company makes a policy on the method of calculating the cost of production. In addition to pricing, also to control the process and reduce the size of the company's production costs. Based on observations for one month the production process, the cost of production with the method of the company that has been run is Rp. 40,100.00. With the full costing method, Rp. 41,500.00. It can be concluded that the cost of production based on the two calculation methods above there are differences or differences. With the full costing method, the cost of production is higher. This shows that so far the calculations made by the company have several elements that have not been included in the calculation.
Attribute Adaptation for Personalized Image Search

Current methods learn monolithic attribute predictors, with the assumption that a single model is sufficient to reflect human understanding of a visual attribute. However, in reality, humans vary in how they perceive the association between a named property and image content. For example, two people may have slightly different internal models for what makes a shoe look formal, or they may disagree on which of two scenes looks more cluttered. Rather than discount these differences as noise, we propose to learn user-specific attribute models. We adapt a generic model trained with annotations from multiple users, tailoring it to satisfy user-specific labels. Furthermore, we propose novel techniques to infer user-specific labels based on transitivity and contradictions in the user's search history. We demonstrate that adapted attributes improve accuracy over both existing monolithic models as well as models that learn from scratch with user-specific data alone. In addition, we show how adapted attributes are useful to personalize image search, whether with binary or relative attributes.
Iron oxide/carbon black (Fe2O3/CB) composite electrode for the detection of reduced nicotinamide cofactors using an amperometric method under a low overpotential

An amperometric biosensor for the detection of the reduced nicotinamide cofactors NADH and NADPH was designed, based on the electrochemical oxidation of NAD(P)H with an iron oxide/carbon black composite (Fe(2)O(3)/CB) electrode. The electrode exhibited excellent performances in that it led to a substantial decrease in the overpotential of electrochemical NADH oxidation. Iron oxide plays a significant role as a catalyst for NADH oxidation and the reaction occurs at +0.00 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The method of the sensor construction is very simple and the sensor performed well, giving high sensitivity, high stability, and a broad detection range. The sensitivity of this system is 2.54 microA mM(-1) and the limit of detection (S/N=3) is 10 microM. A linear range was observed between 10 microM and 1000 microM of NADH (R(2)=0.993), which is preferable to that of the previous studies. The Fe(2)O(3)/CB electrode also oxidizes NADPH under the same condition and can be applied as an NADPH sensor. Moreover, when the sensor system was integrated into a dehydrogenase-based sensor system, it also showed a good sensing performance.
Psychische Belastung von Kindern und Jugendlichen in der Coronazeit

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Internationale Studien zeigen, dass die Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der COVID-19-Pandemie verstärkt zu psychischen Auffälligkeiten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen führen können. Insgesamt gibt es zu diesem Themenbereich viele Studienaktivitäten, jedoch nur wenige repräsentative Untersuchungen für Deutschland. Ziel der Arbeit Es soll untersucht werden, welchen Einfluss die COVID-19-Pandemie auf die psychische Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland nimmt und welche Risiko- und protektive Faktoren für das mentale Wohlbefinden während der Pandemie existieren. Im Anschluss wird ein EU-weites Projekt skizziert, welches die psychische Gesundheit von SchülerInnen durch ein Schulungsprogramm für Lehrkräfte und andere PädagogInnen fördern will. Methoden Unter Nutzung der Literaturdatenbanken PubMed und Medline fand eine unsystematische Literaturrecherche im Sinne eines narrativen Reviews statt. Die in dieser Arbeit einbezogenen Studien wurden anhand ihres thematisch passenden Abstracts ausgewählt. Ergebnisse Die Zahl der Kinder, die psychische Auffälligkeiten oder Verhaltensstörungen zeigen, stieg rapide an. Vor allem die soziale Isolation, Ängste und Unsicherheit, sowie Konflikte innerhalb der Familie aufgrund von Überforderung oder finanziellen Sorgen führen zu einer Verschlechterung der psychischen Situation von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Die Folgen sind depressive Verstimmungen, Verhaltensauffälligkeiten und psychosomatische Beschwerden. Schlussfolgerung Die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die psychische Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen dürfen nicht unterschätzt werden. Auch in den kommenden Jahren ist ein besonderer Unterstützungsbedarf gefordert.