SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Coopclickcat

The CoopClickCat project features Cooperatively operating Click-derived ruthenium Catalysts for the efficient oxidation of organic and inorganic substrates with high rates and turnover numbers. For this purpose, triazolylidene ligands, which are readily available through click-chemistry, will be functionalized with a cooperative donor site for improving the catalytic activity of the bound ruthenium center. The ligand design involves a sterically constraint position of the donor site, thus preventing this group from coordination to the metal center. The availability of a Lewis acid (ruthenium center) and base in a confined arrangement will enable the two sites to act cooperatively, thus providing access to concerted proton and electron transfer processes. This synergistic behavior lowers activation barriers and hence leads to a smoother potential energy surface for reduction and oxidation reactions. This unique arrangement will lead to new oxidative coupling processes and reduction pathways for the activation of abundant starting materials such as alcohols and amines, and eventually also water to reach unprecedented activity in ruthenium-catalyzed water oxidation catalysis. This project efficiently combines expertise of the researcher (Dr. Marta Valencia; hydride chemistry, alcohol oxidation) with core competences of the host lab (Professor Martin Albrecht, University College Dublin; triazolylidene chemistry, water oxidation).
Innovative technology for geomechanical and geophysical stability analysis in tailings dams

Tailings dams used in mining to collect waste of production in huge ponds are extremely risky in case of collapse. The failure rates of the 3,500 tailings dams around the world are extremely high: the list of accidents happened in the last 5 years include at least 4 major events per year, killing more than 500 persons and releasing in the environment millions of cubic meters of toxic material. Existing in-situ geotechnical and geophysical testing devices do not provide accurate information about the critical parameters to verify risk of liquefaction of sloping ground, which is the main causing factor responsible for the collapse of dams.
Medusa is an innovative geotechnical testing device allowing preventive identification of slope instability and static / seismic liquefaction of tailings dams in a quick, precise, simple and cost-efficient way. Medusa is an automatic, operator-independent and easy to use testing procedure, with exceptional standardization, repeatability and reliability of the test results. Medusa can become the new standard for routine safety tests in tailing dams. Medusa is derived from the Marchetti Dilatometer Test (DMT) produced and sold by Marchetti, which presents limits, intrinsically related to the use of the pneumatic method, which makes it not applicable in tailings dams.  Medusa is an evolution of the DMT concept making it usable in tailings dams: electro-mechanical self-contained and cable-less probe, allowing autonomous and automatic procedure eliminating the pneumatic-electric cable. The solution is a TRL6 and will be tested in operational environment (TRL7) in a tailing dam during 2019 thanks to collaboration with first client. The target of the feasibility study is to analyse the outputs of the tests in operational environment and define the product implementation plan, the manufacturing plan, confirm the investment required and prepare an Investor Ready Business Plan to be discussed with potential industrial or financial investors.
The political economy of distraction in digitized denmark

Bridging anthropology, sociology, economics, psychology, political science, and data science, DISTRACT combines advanced data science tools and established social science analysis to explore a pressing challenge: the ever more alluring distractions of human attention in the age of smartphones and other digitized technologies.  DISTRACT departs from five linked hypotheses: 1) The attention is commonly (by scholars and laymen) seen as finite; ⇒ (2) As such, it is a scarce resource that is subject to competition and regulation; ⇒ 3) This is not new but it is acquiring unseen urgency in the current data economy; ⇒ 4) An interdisciplinary social data science approach allows for solid and novel investigation of this unmet scientific and societal need; and ⇒ 5) As the world’s most digitized country (and homogeneous population and state-of-the-art public databases), Denmark is an ideal site to study this political economy of distraction. Combining qualitative and quantitative data from four case studies, DISTRACT thus aims to trace and analyse the mental, social and material techniques by which attention is captured, retained and deflected in digitized Denmark. Analytically, we distinguish between three layers in which attention is managed and manipulated: a “mental”, “social” and “material” dimension. We also differentiate between three components of given attention/distraction sequence: the ‘”capturing”, “retention” and “deflection” phase. Empirically, case-studies shall be carried out of (a) national politics, (b) the tech business, (c) “off-the-grid” alternative communities, and (d) education and workplace environments. Data shall be collected, integrated and analysed via a combination of 1) qualitative methods, including ethnographic fieldwork and semi-structured interviews and discourse  analysis; (2) quantitative methods, including natural experiments and predictive models; and (3) quali-quantitative methods including web scraping and supervised machine learning.
Turning cosmic shear into a litmus test for the standard model of cosmology

The standard model of cosmology is impressively consistent with a large number of observations. Its parameters have been determined with great accuracy with the Planck CMB (cosmic microwave background) mission. However, recently local determinations of the Hubble constant as well as ob- servations of strong and weak gravitational lensing have found some tension with Planck. Are those observations first glimpses at a crack in the standard model and hints of an evolving dark energy com- ponent? With this ERC Consolidator Grant I will answer these questions by greatly increasing the robustness of one of those cosmological probes, the weak lensing effect of the large scale structure of the Universe also called cosmic shear.
In order to reach this goal I will concentrate on the largest outstanding source of systematic error: photometric redshifts (photo-z). I will exploit the unique combination of two European imaging surveys in the optical and infrared wavelength regime, an additional narrow-band imaging survey with extremely precise photo-z, and spectroscopic calibration data from a recently approved ESO large program on the VLT. Using angular cross-correlations and machine-learning I will calibrate the photo- z in a two-stage process making sure that this crucial systematic uncertainty will keep pace with the growing statistical power of imaging surveys. This will yield an uncertainty on the amplitude of the clustering of dark matter that is smaller than the best constraints from the CMB.
I will also apply these methods to ESA’s Euclid mission launching in 2020, which will fail if photo-z are not better understood by then. If the discrepancy between lensing and CMB measurements holds this would potentially result in a revolution of our understanding of the Universe. Regardless of this spectacular short-term possibility I will turn cosmic shear – one of the most powerful cosmological probes of dark energy – into a litmus test for our cosmological paradigm.
INTEGRATED MULTI-RAIL IMAGING SYSTEM

The imaging system can comprise a plurality of elongated rails, a scanhead assembly, and a small animal mount assembly. The scanhead assembly is selectively mounted onto a first rail and is constructed and arranged for movement in a linear bi-&shy;directional manner along the longitudinal axis of the first rail. The small-animal mount assembly is selectively mounted onto a second rail and is constructed and arranged for movement in a linear bi-directional manner along the longitudinal axis of the second rail. The second rail being mounted relative to the first rail such that the longitudinal axis of the second rail is at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the first rail. The small-animal mount assembly can include a table member suitable for mounting a small animal. The table member can be selectively positionable into a desired table plane. The imaging system can also comprise a needle injection assembly that is selectively mounted onto the third rail and is constructed and arranged for movement in a linear bi-directional manner along the longitudinal axis of the third rail. The third rail being mounted relative to the second rail and the first rail such that the longitudinal axis of the third rail is substantially coaxial to the longitudinal axis of the first rail.
Earthquake-triggered landslides along the Hyblean-Malta Escarpment (off Augusta, eastern Sicily, Italy) – assessment of the related tsunamigenic potential

Abstract. Eastern Sicily is affected by earthquakes and tsunamis of local and remote origin, which is known through numerous historical chronicles. Recent studies have put emphasis on the role of submarine landslides as the direct cause of the main local tsunamis, envisaging that earthquakes (in 1693 and 1908) did produce a tsunami, but also that they triggered mass failures that were able to generate an even larger tsunami. The debate is still open, and though no general consensus has been found among scientists so far, this research had the merit to attract attention on possible generation of tsunamis by landslides off Sicily. In this paper we investigate the tsunami potential of mass failures along one sector of the Hyblean-Malta Escarpment (HME). facing Augusta. The HME is the main offshore geological structure of the region running almost parallel to the coast, off eastern Sicily. Here, bottom morphology and slope steepness favour soil failures. In our work we study slope stability under seismic load along a number of HME transects by using the Minimun Lithostatic Deviation (MLD) method, which is based on the limit-equilibrium theory. The main goal is to identify sectors of the HME that could be unstable under the effect of realistic earthquakes. We estimate the possible landslide volume and use it as input for numerical codes to simulate the landslide motion and the consequent tsunami. This is an important step for the assessment of the tsunami hazard in eastern Sicily and for local tsunami mitigation policies. It is also important in view of tsunami warning system since it can help to identify the minimum earthquake magnitude capable of triggering destructive tsunamis induced by landslides, and therefore to set up appropriate knowledge-based criteria to launch alert to the population.
Optimal Energy Mix and Operation Cost in the Presence of Nuclear and Solar PV Generation

This paper presents the electrical energy condition in Bangladesh. By analyzing the tentative energy demand by the year of 2025 the aspect of energy crisis is discussed. Several ongoing Government projects and their contribution to meet future demand, along with current renewable energy scenario are acknowledged. The prospects of feasible renewable energy resources are considered. To fulfill the electrical energy demand until the year 2025, energy mix has been proposed. Three comparative scenarios have been considered for the year 2018, 2021 and 2025. The west zone power stations and sub-stations are considered to carry out the load at different buses at a minimum cost. Linear programmed optimum power flow method has been used to evaluate the generating capacity as well as the selling price of each generating stations for both off-peak and on-peak hour of generation. The emission of CO 2 is calculated by considering the emission of each fuel type used in different generating stations.
Mighty hearts in space

Space travel was one of our childhood dreams. In the unlikely event that a spaceship had landed nearby, we would have joined the crew without a second thought. Now, we are more cautious recognizing that spaceflight imposes enormous psychological and physiological stresses on our human frames. Rigorous training and extensive medicals including human centrifuge or rotating chair tests are mandatory and we would be likely to fail the tests. On launch day, astronauts are squeezed into tight seats perched on top of a vast volume of highly explosive fuel, and Earthlings can hardly imagine the subsequent severe acceleration. A trip to the International Space Station (ISS) takes about 6 h and then the astronauts fall around the earth, completing one orbit every 90 min for days, weeks, or even months. This free fall and the associated lack of g forces profoundly affects many aspects of human physiology (White & Averner, 2001).
Heart aging when near vision difficulty begins

Heart, lens, and neuronal cells change significantly with age, and they are older than cells from renewable tissues. Near vision deterioration during aging results from a decrease in accommodation amplitude (AA). Cardiac aging is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We investigated the association between cardiac aging and AA.The subjects (500 mean 50-year-old subjects, with equal males and females) were divided into two groups according to AA measured with a Raf ruler. Biomicroscopy was used to capture images of the lens nucleus in the unaccommodated and accommodated state. The nucleus diameter change at 1 D accommodation was measured using ImageJ. Cardiac conduction system differences were evaluated using electrocardiography, and cardiac autonomic aging was assessed based on heart rate variability. Myocardial aging was assessed based on diastolic dysfunction.For near distance vision, compared to subjects who could see clearly from 24 to 28 cm, subjects who could see clearly from 29 to 33 cm had a 2.104-fold higher risk of a lateral e' velocity <10 cm/s [95%CI: 1.312-3.374], 2.603-fold higher risk of diastolic dysfunction [95%CI: 1.453-4.662], 1.54-fold higher risk of a low/high frequency ratio >3.1 [95%CI: 1.085-2.197].As a simple screening test, subjective AA measurement can predict important heart aging parameters, including diastolic dysfunction.NCT04362215.
Convergence rates with inexact non-expansive operators

In this paper, we present a convergence rate analysis for the inexact Krasnosel'skii-Mann iteration built from nonexpansive operators. Our results include two main parts: we first establish global pointwise and ergodic iteration-complexity bounds, and then, under a metric subregularity assumption, we establish local linear convergence for the distance of the iterates to the set of fixed points. The obtained iteration-complexity result can be applied to analyze the convergence rate of various monotone operator splitting methods in the literature, including the Forward-Backward, the Generalized Forward-Backward, Douglas-Rachford, alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) and Primal-Dual splitting methods. For these methods, we also develop easily verifiable termination criteria for finding an approximate solution, which can be seen as a generalization of the termination criterion for the classical gradient descent method. We finally develop a parallel analysis for the non-stationary Krasnosel'skii-Mann iteration. The usefulness of our results is illustrated by applying them to a large class of structured monotone inclusion and convex optimization problems. Experiments on some large scale inverse problems in signal and image processing problems are shown.
FDI Inflows into Russian Real Sector: Microeconomic Foundations and Forecasting

We develop a two-step methodology for analysis of FDI inflows into industries of Russian real sector, based on Heckman selection model. The methodology is related to the following important points: (1) it helps to take into account multilevel factors of FDI inflows (including firm-level, industrial and macroeconomic factors); (2) one can use it to forecast FDI inflows into industries. According to estimates, in 2015 FDI to Russian real sector is going to fall in most industries. This shall result in a significant shift in the FDI structure towards raw materials and energy sectors. However, in 2017 FDI will recover in most industries (including the shift back in the sectoral structure of FDI).
DOUBLE TUBE DAMPER WITH STRUCTURAL PRESSURE TUBE

The present disclosure relates to a shock absorber having a pressure tube which defines a fluid chamber, and a piston assembly. The piston assembly is disposed within the fluid chamber and divides the fluid chamber into upper and lower working chambers. A reserve tube surrounds the pressure tube to define a reservoir chamber between the reserve tube and the pressure tube. The pressure tube is disposed between a rod guide assembly and a lower mount. A structural integrity of the pressure tube is greater than a structural integrity of the reserve tube, and the pressure tube further operates as a principal load bearing component for the shock absorber.
Actionable european roadmap for early-life health risk assessment of micro- and nanoplastics

The scale of micro- and nanoplastic (MNP) pollution is becoming increasingly clear yet little is known about how this pollution impacts health. The AURORA project will deliver an actionable European roadmap for early-life health risk assessment of MNPs to support regulation of MNPs and the products and processes that generate secondary MNPs, and development of safer alternatives. We will focus on MNP exposures and toxicological and health effects during pregnancy, in utero, and in early life. These periods are critical for development and health later in life and are of heightened vulnerability to environmental insults. We have recently shown that MNPs are likely to cross the placental barrier in vitro and in vivo, underlying the urgent need to understand the impact of MNPs on reproductive and early-life health. AURORA will do so by significantly enhancing exposure assessment capabilities for measuring MNPs and MNP-associated chemicals (e.g. additives) in tissues relevant for early-life development (placenta, cord blood, amniotic fluid, meconium, fetal tissue). It will take a unique approach by combining in-depth characterization methods (microscopy and spectroscopy) and scalable methods (mass-spectrometry) to develop methods for both detailed and large-scale toxicological, exposure assessment, and epidemiological studies. This will be combined with a novel tiered-testing approach and epidemiological investigations to provide the first extensive evaluation of maternal and fetal MNP exposures and health perturbations, including placental function, immune-inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, accelerated aging, endocrine disruption, and child development. In the course of developing and applying the tools and methodological workflows of the AURORA research program, we will create a risk assessment framework specific to MNPs and identify the remaining knowledge gaps and priorities needed for comprehensively evaluating the impact of MNPs on early-life health. AURORA is part of the European MNP cluster on human health.
科学 Kagaku, 究理 Kyūri/Science

科学 /Kagaku / 究理 /Kyūri: Science Tsukahara Tōgo Translation by Matt Fargo and Jordan Sand What sort of intellectual apparatus was necessary to incorporate and develop science and technology from the Meiji era onward, both as a national policy and as something inherently foreign? The ideology accompanying the introduction of science and technology was one of consummate Enlightenment faith (keimōshugi). This trait is evident in the case of the “Kyūri Fever” that arose in early Meiji Japan. In the narrowest terms, kyūri was the word for physics in the Dutch Studies tradition. In Japan, the study of physics or kyūri had always been an inquiry into the concept of “reason” (or order) conceived on the basis of the Neo-Confucian notion of the unity of reason (ri) and spirit (ki). The word kyūri was used in Dutch Studies as the translated term for Dutch words related to the study of nature (natuurkunde) or natural philosophy. Incidentally, in Dutch Studies the word for chemistry was seimi (舎密)—a transliteration of the Dutch chemie—and the biological disciplines became the “natural sciences” (博物学; hakubutsugaku), replacing the traditional pharmacology (本草学; honzōgaku). Along these disciplinary lines, kyūri was the general term for the study of nature, and loosely corresponds to our contemporary concept of “science” (科学; kagaku). The word that came to be used for “science” in the early Meiji period—kagaku （科学)—is actually short for bunka no gaku (分科の学), or “taxonomical studies.”
Fragment-based <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift predictions in molecular crystals: An alternative to planewave methods

We assess the quality of fragment-based ab initio isotropic (13)C chemical shift predictions for a collection of 25 molecular crystals with eight different density functionals. We explore the relative performance of cluster, two-body fragment, combined cluster/fragment, and the planewave gauge-including projector augmented wave (GIPAW) models relative to experiment. When electrostatic embedding is employed to capture many-body polarization effects, the simple and computationally inexpensive two-body fragment model predicts both isotropic (13)C chemical shifts and the chemical shielding tensors as well as both cluster models and the GIPAW approach. Unlike the GIPAW approach, hybrid density functionals can be used readily in a fragment model, and all four hybrid functionals tested here (PBE0, B3LYP, B3PW91, and B97-2) predict chemical shifts in noticeably better agreement with experiment than the four generalized gradient approximation (GGA) functionals considered (PBE, OPBE, BLYP, and BP86). A set of recommended linear regression parameters for mapping between calculated chemical shieldings and observed chemical shifts are provided based on these benchmark calculations. Statistical cross-validation procedures are used to demonstrate the robustness of these fits.
Pagari certa quantitati secundu la taxa

Nel corso della lunga campagna militare che Alfonso il Magnanimo condusse per la conquista di Napoli e del Mezzogiorno (1421-23 e 1435-42), la Sicilia svolse un ruolo fondamentale per il finanziamento della guerra, soprattutto grazie alle risorse provenienti dal regio demanio, ovvero quelle frutto delle imposte indirette e del commercio granario. Per vie delle crescenti e urgenti esigenze economiche della Corona, nell’ultima fase del conflitto Alfonso il Magnanimo ricorse in maniera più intensa alla tassazione diretta, promovendo nel contempo diverse altre strategie fiscali alternative. Tale processo, come si discute in questo articolo, emerse con particolare forza nel 1441-42, quando il sovrano elaborò un inedito programma fiscale per fare fronte al pagamento della condotta di Niccolò Piccinino e di diverse lettere di cambio. Da una parte, si richiese alle città demaniali e baronali dell’isola il pagamento di una esosa composizione per i loro supposti crimini di usura, estendendo poi tale richiesta economica a tutti i sudditi del regno nella forma di una subventio generalis; dall’altra parte, si provvide all’imposizione di un prestito forzoso ad alcuni membri delle élite politiche, urbane e religiose dell’isola.