SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
METHOD OF DETECTING FILTER EXTRACTABLES IN BIOPHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to verify the presence or absence of the extractables introduced into a biopharmaceutical product during manufacture, filtration or storage at above a certain concentration. The method disclosed herein can be used to detect the presence of extractables in the actual biopharmaceutical product rather than a surrogate solvent system. Detection of the extractables in the actual drug product provides an accurate description of the leachables profile likely to be introduced to the human or animal patient. In one embodiment, the extractable are introduced by filtration of the biopharmaceutical product.
Foliation Effects on Mechanical and Failure Characteristics of Slate in 3D Space Under Brazilian Test Conditions

Slate frequently encountered in numerous engineering applications basically exhibits significant anisotropies in terms of physico-mechanical properties due to the presence of well-developed foliation structures. The objective of this study is to investigate the mechanisms of foliation effects on the mechanical and failure characteristics of slate in three-dimensional (3D) space under Brazilian test conditions. A series of laboratory tests are conducted on slate with seven different foliation angles (φ), which are defined as the angle between the foliation plane and end surfaces of the specimen. On the basis of each foliation angle, five different loading angles (θ), which are defined as the projection of the angle between the loading surface and the foliation plane on the front side of the specimen, are selected to ensure that 3D space is involved. The high-speed camera and acoustic emission (AE) system are employed to analyse the failure characteristics of slate during loading process. The testing results indicated that the variations of applied failure force (AFF) with respect to loading angle (θ) significantly differ under varied foliation angles. With increase of foliation angle, the anisotropy ratio of the maximum to minimum AFF shows an increasing trend, suggesting that the anisotropy becomes more notable. The high-speed camera visually recorded the initiation and propagation of cracks. The specimen failure can involve two major processes: the local cracks first occurred on the disc flank, and then the fully connected cracks were formed causing the overall failure. The rupture evolution process inside the specimen was characterised by AE energy and AE hits, which was in good agreement with the high-speed camera observations. When the foliation angle is small, i.e. 0° ≤ φ ≤ 15°, or large, i.e. 75° ≤ φ ≤ 90°, the macro-cracks on both sides (i.e., front and back) show similarity to some certain, and the fracture patterns can be considered as two-dimensional (2D). However, when φ is in the range of 30°–60°, the fractured surfaces have 3D spatial distribution characteristics, and the macro-cracks appearing on both sides exhibit an approximately anti-symmetric relationship. It is also revealed that both φ and θ have significant effects on the AFF and the fracture patterns. The results are likely to provide experimental basis for further improving the theory of tensile properties of anisotropic rocks.
Oxygen Transport to Tissue XVII

nd The 22 meeting of the International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue (LS. O. T. T. ) of which this volume is the scientific proceedings, was held in Istanbul, Turkey on August 22-26, 1994. It was a historical occasion in that it was almost 200 years to the day that one of the founding fathers of oxygen research, Antoine Lavoisier, on May 8, 1794 found his early demise at the hands of the guillotine. This spirit of history set the tone of the conference and in the opening lecture the contribution that this part of the world has given to the understanding of oxygen transport to tissue was highlighted. In particular, the contribution of Galen of Pergamon (129-200) was discussed who for the first time demon strated that blood flowed through the arteries and whose view on the physiology of the circulation dominated the ancient world for well over a millennium. A forgotten chapter in the history of the circulation of the blood is the contribution made by Ibn al Nafis of Damascus (1210-1280) who for the first time described the importance of the pulmonary circulation by stating that all venous blood entering the right ventricle ofthe heart passes to the left ventricle, not through pores in the septum of the heart as had been postulated by Galen, but through the circulation of the lungs.
Incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma among subjects at high risk of lung cancer: Results from the Pittsburgh Lung Screening Study

Earlier detection and diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) should lead to improved outcomes. However, to the authors' knowledge, no effective screening strategy has been identified to date. In the current study, the authors evaluated whether it would be useful to screen subjects targeted for lung cancer screening for HNSCC as well.Medical records, death certificates, and cancer registry and questionnaire data were used to determine the number of observed incident HNSCC cases in the Pittsburgh Lung Screening Study (PLuSS), a cohort of current and former smokers aged ≥50 years with a ≥12.5 pack-year smoking history. The expected number of cases was estimated using stratum-specific incidence rates obtained from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data for 2000 through 2011. The standardized incidence ratio was calculated to examine the difference between the observed and expected number of cases.Of the 3587 at-risk participants in the PLuSS, 23 (0.64%) developed HNSCC over a total of 32,201 person-years of follow-up. This finding was significantly higher than expected based on incidence rates obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (13.70 cases expected; standardized incidence ratio, 1.68 [95% confidence interval, 1.06-2.52]). The excess burden of HNSCC in the PLuSS was 28.9 cases per 100,000 person-years. Observed incident cases were significantly more often male, had started smoking at a younger age, smoked more per day, and had more pack-years of smoking than the rest of the PLuSS at-risk participants.The results of the current study provide a rationale for offering head and neck cancer screening along with computed tomography screening for lung cancer. Randomized controlled trials that assess the effectiveness of adding examination of the head and neck area to lung cancer screening programs are warranted.
Social evolution in ceratina bees: a comparative approach

The origin of cooperation between individuals remains one of the main puzzles of evolutionary biology. Eusocial insects are one of most striking examples of extensive cooperation in which some individuals forego reproduction to help others. Yet research on eusocial insects concentrates mainly on species with large societies whereas species which exhibit facultative eusociality (some individuals live socially, other solitarily) are well suited for studying the origin of eusociality. 
I plan to study small carpenter bees (genus Ceratina), This is a globally distributed genus with approximately 200 described species which is an excellent model system for studying social evolution in a comparative approach because of their large interspecific diversity in social and parental strategies.
My research has three main goals. Firstly, I shall construct a high-resolution molecular phylogeny of Ceratina based on next generation sequencing as a necessary framework for my comparative approach, namely the remaining two goals. Secondly, I shall evaluate the importance of traits underpinning sociality, parental care, nesting biology and mating by mapping them on phylogenetic trees. Thirdly, I will study covariance between relatedness and sociality across Ceratina species; they exhibit extensive variability in relatedness between offspring because females of some species mate with one partner, some with several and others are parthenogentic, allowing me to test the role of relatedness in social evolution. 
Biologists commonly study one or a few species in detail. However, I plan use comparative approach to compare strategies of multiple species and map life history traits onto phylogeny. My unique integrative approach will advance understanding of social evolution, parental care, and cooperative behaviour in general.
Dendritic encoding of movement in space

Understanding the neuronal basis of behaviour is a central quest for neuroscience. Neurons are the fundamental units of computation in the brain. Thus, any attempt at unravelling the relationship of neural networks activity and behaviour must be based on an understanding of the transformation of inputs to outputs in single neurons. One of the greatest challenges that our field faces is to make sense of inputs. Without knowing how different synaptic inputs are engaged during behaviour, it is impossible to decode the neuronal input to output conversion. We have developed an approach that allows both the dissection of inputs and the prediction of output during behaviour. We will apply this functional decoding approach to pyramidal neurons in the dorsal subiculum. These neurons form a hippocampal-neocortical interface and are important for memory-guided navigation. The output of subicular neurons contains a dense, distributed representation of space, but the functional input diversity is unresolved. Following the generation of a spatial tuning map during navigational tasks with two-photon Ca2+ imaging at cellular-resolution, we will map the input origins of individual neurons by using targeted single-cell initiated mono-transsynaptic tracing. Then, we will dissect the function of the input from different origins by chemogenetic silencing of input synapses. As a central component of the project, we will map dendritic input patterns in navigating mice with two-photon imaging of Ca2+ transients on dendritic spines. These patterns will be incorporated into a data-driven biophysical model capable of converting realistic synaptic inputs into output. We will tune the model parameters using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings during free behaviour. The final models will be capable of predicting the membrane potential of subicular neurons from precise behavioural observations, offering exciting new perspectives for network analysis and neuroengineering.
W + W + plus dijet production in the POWHEG BOX

We present an implementation of the calculation of the production of W^+W^+ plus two jets at hadron colliders, at next-to-leading order (NLO) in QCD, in the POWHEG framework, which is a method that allows the interfacing of NLO calculations to shower Monte Carlo programs. This is the first 2 -> 4 process to be described to NLO accuracy within a shower Monte Carlo framework. The implementation was built within the POWHEGBOX package. We discuss a few technical improvements that were needed in the POWHEGBOX to deal with the computer intensive nature of the NLO calculation, and argue that further improvements are possible, so that the method can match the complexity that is reached today in NLO calculations. We have interfaced our POWHEG implementation with PYTHIA and HERWIG, and present some phenomenological results, discussing similarities and differences between the pure NLO and the POWHEG+PYTHIA calculation both for inclusive and more exclusive distributions. We have made the relevant code available at the POWHEGBOX web site.
Eficácia da Clorexidina na Higiene Bucal para Prevenção de Pneumonia Associada a Ventilação Mecânica

Objetivo: Analisar as evidências disponíveis sobre a eficácia da clorexidina na higiene bucal para prevenção de pneumonia associada a ventilação mecânica (PAVM). Método: estudo de revisão de literatura, tipo narrativa, no qual foram avaliadas as publicações referentes ao período de 2008 a 2021, indexados na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) no State National Library of Medicine (PubMed/MEDLINE). Resultados: Seleção de 18 artigos, categorizados em duas amostras de acordo com o controle do biofilme bucal, classificados em nível de evidência e sumarizados. Conclusão: Apesar das pesquisas sobre os cuidados orais e PAVM serem abundantes, existe uma falta de consenso em relação a frequência, aos dispositivos mecânicos e a concentração da clorexidina. Quanto ao controle químico, a clorexidina, seja na forma de gel ou como enxaguante nas concentrações de 0,12% ou 0,2%, administrados a cada doze horas reduziram a ocorrência da PAVM. Enquanto os métodos mecânico/químico mais adequados são aqueles que oferecem a escovação associada a sucção, em um mesmo dispositivo, seja escova ou esponja de sucção, ambas associadas ao uso da clorexidina.
Disease risk and immune strategies in social insects

Group-living has been predicted to have opposing effects on disease risk and immune strategies. First, since repeated contacts between individuals facilitate pathogen transmission, sociality may favour high investment in personal immunity. Alternatively, because social animals can limit disease spread through collective sanitary actions (e.g., mutual grooming) or organisational features (e.g., division of the group’s social network into distinct subsets), sociality may instead favour low investment in personal immunity. The overall goal of this project is to experimentally test these conflicting predictions in ants using advanced data collection and analytical tools. I will first quantify the effect of social organisation on disease transmission using a combination of automated behavioural tracking, social network analysis, and empirical tracking of transmission markers (fluorescent beads). Experimental network manipulations and controlled disease seeding by a robotic ant will allow key predictions from network epidemiology to be tested, with broad implications for disease management strategies. I will then study the effect of colony size on social network structure and disease transmission, and how this in turn affects investment in personal immunity. This will shed light on far-reaching hypotheses about the effect of group size on social organisation ('size-complexity’ hypothesis) and immune investment (‘density-dependent prophylaxis’). Finally, I will explore whether prolonged pathogen pressure induces colonies to reinforce the transmission-inhibiting aspects of their social organisation (e.g., colony fragmentation) or to invest more in personal immunity. This project will represent the first empirical investigation of the role of social organisation in disease risk management, and allow its importance to be compared with other immune strategies. This will constitute a significant advance in our understanding of the complex feedback between sociality and health.
Sustainable use of biomass in the residential sector

In the framework of the EU Strategy for the Danube Region (EUSDR), biomass burning for heat production in households has emerged as a major issue where a better balance between “decarbonisation” benefits and negative impacts on air quality, the environment and human health is needed.

This report provides a synthesis of the current knowledge, leading the reader from problem formulation, to impact analysis and suggested solutions, both from the technical and regulatory points of view.

This report is intended to be read by policy makers and technical staff in research and regulatory bodies in the countries of the Danube-macro region dealing with the problem of finding a better balance between “decarbonisation” benefits and negative impacts on air quality, the environment and human health, connected with its excessive or unregulated use.

The EU Strategy for the Danube Region (EUSDR) has identified energy as a key issue to be addressed in order to support sustainable growth throughout the region. In particular, domestic biomass burning has been identified as a topic to be further investigated. Consistently with its role of supporting decision-makers and other stakeholders to identify the policy needs and actions for the implementation of the strategy, the Joint Research Centre (JRC) has acted both as knowledge producer and knowledge manager for addressing the issue. This report is based on this scientific work performed by JRC, its local partners in the EUSDR and several other research and policy making institutions.

The climate legislative framework of the EU and the non-EU countries of the Danube region for energy and climate is leading to increased use of biomass for energy purposes, including domestic heating. This trend, if not properly governed, could to pose risks for the human health and the environment mainly because of emissions of air pollutants and overexploitation of resources. Governance is then needed, aiming at both improving the technologies used and optimising the management of biomass resources.
The genetic bases of mycorrhizal root responses to phosphate

Phosphorus is an essential element for all organisms and almost all phosphorus in food chains comes from plants. The majority of land plants acquire it through a highly conserved root symbiosis with Arbuscular Mycorrizal (AM) fungi but a few plant species, among which Arabidopsis, lost this capacity, probably evolving specific tools.Moreover, being phosphate a key regulator of AM symbiosis, gene determinants regulating root traits over low phosphate could also orchestrate the symbiosis establishment. MYCROPHOS aims at understanding the different root adaptive strategies of AM and non-AM plants to low phosphate conditions throughout a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) on different root traits with a high-throughput automatic image analysis.
Our preliminary data already showed the feasibility of this approach in Lotus japonicus and allowed the identification of several candidate genes that will be characterized, guaranteeing a straightforward implementation of the project.
The main objectives of the project will then be:
1) The identification of candidate genes and gene networks governing early root traits in low phosphate conditions through GWAS on 226 Medicago truncatula accessions.
2) The comparison of the genetic determinants and natural allelic diversity regulating root responses to phosphate in three plant species (Lotus, Medicago and Arabidopsis). While facilitating the identification of adaptive strategies of non-AM and AM plants, such multispecies approach will also allow an easier transfer of knowledge of the acquired knowledge.
3) The functional characterization of candidate genes and selected alleles in the three plant species, testing both their role in regulating root traits and mycorrhizas.
Overall, this project aims to achieve a pioneering understanding of molecular determinants of plant root responses to phosphate at the interface between Plant Nutrition, Development and Plant-microbe interaction, providing bases for a more sustainable agriculture
Integrated precision medicine technologies research centre of excellence

Most medical interventions are effective in only a small percentage of the patients. The multifactorial nature of disease and patient differences in presentation, genetics and exposures have been implicated as the causes. Precision medicine aims to maximize the effectiveness of medicine by tailoring the diagnosis and treatment to match individual patients. This proposal will establish an Integrated Precision Medicine Technologies Research Centre of Excellence, a multidisciplinary centre which will be a leader in the development of new technologies to further enable and accelerate the progress and application of precision medicine. The Centre will include all the essential fields: (i) modelling & simulations, (ii) intelligent systems & bioinformatics, (iii) imaging & biosignal analysis, (iv) digital & eHealth, (v) embedded systems & electronics, and (vi) sensing technologies (including nano), with support from (vii) biosciences and (viii) clinical validation. Initially, the clinical emphasis will be on tools and methods for relevant multifactorial diseases: cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and traumatic brain injury. The proposal is a collaboration between leading Cypriot and European institutions. The host, the University of Cyprus, is the country’s leading academic institution, with local partners including major medical centres as well as support from the Ministry of Health and other private organizations. The advanced partners are the Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Technology (BMT), Germany, and the Centre for Biomedical Research - Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain. The experience of the partners, combined with the synergies created by this project, provide a great opportunity to establish a sustainable Centre which will (i) conduct vital and timely research, (ii) promote innovation, (iii) provide education and training to a new breed of scientists, (iv) improve the local research capacity, and (v) spearhead economic growth.
Linking climate change, habitability  and social tipping points:  scenarios for climate migration

The HABITABLE project is centred around the concept of habitability and seeks to advance our understanding of how climate change does and will affect migration and displacement patterns.  It does so through the mobilisation of innovative methods to explore key research gaps, implemented by a diverse, experienced consortium associating 21 partners from different disciplines and representing a number of regions of the world, including local partners from West Africa, East Africa, South Africa and Southeast Asia. The project seeks to understand not only how climate change causes migration, but also how climate impacts, policies and perceptions interact with each other and influence migration patterns in a systems-based approach. We introduce the concept of social tipping points as a fresh way to understand how environmental disruptions can potentially trigger major social changes.  The project intentionally steers away from simple linearity assumptions in an innovative research design that will focus on the entire social-ecological system, accounting for climate impacts and their perceptions, as well as adaptation options and their implementation, in order to determine the conditions for social tipping points and sustainable policy options for preventing large-scale displacement. The project mobilizes fresh methodologies and datasets in case-studies in Africa and Asia that are relevant for European policy-making.  The project pursues a non-deterministic understanding of the impact of climate change on migration, and enables a systematic comprehension and appreciation of the complex social, economic and environmental interactions involved. This allows us to develop policy-relevant migration scenarios. On this basis, the project will propose a number of adaptation options for populations affected by climate change, as well as recommendations to inform key policies, in particular the European Agenda on Migration.