SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Reactive nitrogen partitioning and its relationship to winter ozone events in Utah

Abstract. High wintertime ozone levels have been observed in the Uintah Basin, Utah, a sparsely populated rural region with intensive oil and gas operations. The reactive nitrogen budget plays an important role in tropospheric ozone formation. Measurements were taken during three field campaigns in the winters of 2012, 2013 and 2014, which experienced varying climatic conditions. Average concentrations of ozone and total reactive nitrogen were observed to be 2.5 times higher in 2013 than 2012, with 2014 an intermediate year in most respects. However, photochemically active NOx (NO + NO2) remained remarkably similar all three years. Nitric acid comprised roughly half of NOz ( ≡ NOy − NOx) in 2013, with nighttime nitric acid formation through heterogeneous uptake of N2O5 contributing approximately 6 times more than daytime formation. In 2012, N2O5 and ClNO2 were larger components of NOz relative to HNO3. The nighttime N2O5 lifetime between the high-ozone year 2013 and the low-ozone year 2012 is lower by a factor of 2.6, and much of this is due to higher aerosol surface area in the high-ozone year of 2013. A box-model simulation supports the importance of nighttime chemistry on the reactive nitrogen budget, showing a large sensitivity of NOx and ozone concentrations to nighttime processes.
ECO DESIGN  FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF CENTRAL EUROPE PAPER BASED PRODUCTS RECYCLING LOOP

Paper is a natural biopolymer obtained from a renewable resource (wood). It is renewable, recyclable and, at the end of its life cycle, biodegradable. Paper recycling increases the material lifespan and is a key strategy that contributes to savings of primary raw material, reduction of energy and chemicals consumption, reduction of the impact on fresh water and improvement of waste management strategies. In central Europe, recovered paper is a major resource (secondary raw material), however, the paper recycling rate is still highly inhomogeneous. Since recovered paper is not only recycled in the country where it is produced, some essential features such as eco-design and eco-collection concepts must be developed at transnational level to increase the sustainability of the paper loop.

The project ECOPaperLOOP identified needs of the regions related to the recycled paper, whereas a clear picture on participating region’s status; a greater awareness in the private and public sectors about recyclability issues as well as shared and collective knowledge base on available technologies and practices will be tackled. EcoPaperLoop project will address these issues developing new joint activities between highly oriented paper recycling regions (e.g. Germany and Northern Italy) and other Central Europe regions where recycling rate and recycling oriented eco-design needs significant improvements.
Electron microscopy gene reporters based on bioengineered encapsulin nanocompartments

The biological engineering project EMcapsulins will create the first suite of multiplexed genetic reporters for electron microscopy (EM) to augment today’s merely structural brain circuit diagrams (connectomes) with crucial information on neuronal type and activation history.

My team will generate this new toolbox based on genetically encoded nanocompartments of the prokaryotic ‘encapsulin’ family that we have recently shown to enable genetically controlled compartmentalization of multicomponent processes in mammalian cells. 

By encapsulating metal-organizing cargo proteins in the lumen of the semi-permeable encapsulin nanospheres, they serve as fully genetic EM gene reporters (EMcapsulins) that provide robust and spatially precise contrast by conventional EM in mammalian cells. 

To enable geometric multiplexing in EM in analogy to multi-color light microscopy, we will explore the large geometrical feature space of EMcapsulins to establish three core Functionalities: 
① different shell structures and diameters, 
② modular and tunable shell functionalizations, and 
③ multiplexed and triggered cargo loading.   

We will combine these Functionalities to produce geometrically multiplexed EMcapsulin markers of neuronal identity in serial EM (Application ❶). 

We will also engineer EMcapsulin reporters for activity-dependent gene expression, calcium signaling, and synaptic activity that can ‘write’ geometrically encoded records of neuronal activation history into EM connectomics data (Application ❷). 

These ‘multi-color’ and modular EMcapsulin markers and reporters deliver the missing bridging technology between time-resolved light microscopy measurements of neuronal activation dynamics and structural EM connectomics data. 

EMcapsulin technology will convert structural to functional EM connectomes to enable a systematic analysis of how brains write molecular signaling dynamics into structural patterns to store information for later retrieval.
Pronóstico de accidentes viales en el espacio intrametropolitano de Toluca: un enfoque Bayesiano

In recent years, the explanation of traffic accidents tended to focus on the urban spatial structure. It is considered that certain features of the environment (e.g. land use, road system, economic activities, population and intensity of vehicular flows) are indirect factors that favor the occurrence of collision traffic accidents in urban areas. The central part of the in-trametropolitan zone of Toluca in Mexico) records elevated rates of traffic accidents. This research aims to identify the physical elements of the urban structure, which affects most of the risks about traffic accidents, in the study area, at AGEB level (which stands for the Basic Geo-statistical Area). Three Bayesian models are being used in order to achieve the research objective: Bivariant Poisson-Gamma, Multivariate and Negative Binomial probabilistic. The results indicate that vehicular flows and employment density are the most related variables linked to the risk of collision traffic accidents, in the study area.
CYLINDER HEAD JOINT GAS LEAKAGE MITIGATION

An internal combustion engine system includes a cylinder block, a plurality of bite rings, a cylinder head, and a head gasket. The cylinder block defines a combustion cylinder. The plurality of bite rings encompass the cylinder. The cylinder head is coupled to the cylinder block and covers the combustion cylinder. The head gasket is disposed between the cylinder head and the cylinder block and is structured to engage with the plurality of bite rings. The cylinder head may further include an expansion groove that is disposed between adjacent ones of the plurality of bite rings and extends in a circumferential direction around the cylinder head.
Upsurgeon academy: a multilevel educational platform for neurosurgical training.

UpSurgeOn is an Italian SME established in 2017, by Neurosurgeons for Neurosurgeons, with a focus on creating a educational platform composed by different educational apps, training and simulation devices actually in the Neurosurgical arena. We have 15 employees, including a combination of neurosurgeons, software developers, technicians and commercial people. 
Neurological diseases are a global healthcare priority as they include a wide category of conditions from head injuries, strokes, infections, dementia, Parkinson’s disease and even headaches. These conditions affect more than 1 billion people in the world irrespectively of age, sex or income and have estimate mortality rates of 6.8 million people a year. As of 2004 the economic burden of these diseases in Europe was estimated to be €139 billion, a number which has risen over the years due to higher incidence rates. Even though these diseases have such a large impact on the global population and the economy, access to appropriate care is very difficult for most people. 
In response to this challenge we have developed UpSurgeOn Academy, a series of educational apps, augmented reality simulator and anatomically accurate training devices with the objective of facilitating the learning curve for future neurosurgeons, decreasing time and cost of their studies. Our goal is to improve the accessibility of neurosurgical care worldwide, especially in less developed countries with fewer facilities by helping train more neurosurgeons. This solution will in turn boost the growth of our company, generating, by the fifth year after phase 2 execution, a turnover of €25.5 million, with €2.2 million in profits, 130 new people hired and a ROI of 2.67 per euro invested.
A comparison of the energy consumption and carbon emissions for different modes of transportation in open-cut coal mines

Abstract Transportation accounts for 80% of open-cut coal mine carbon emissions. With regard to the energy consumption and carbon emissions of transportation within an open-cut mine, this paper systematically compared the work and energy consumption of a truck and belt conveyor on a theoretical basis, and constructed a model to calculate the energy consumption of open-cut mine transportation. Life cycle carbon emission factors and power consumption calculation model were established through a Process Analysis–Life Cycle Analysis (PA–LCA). The following results were obtained: (1) the energy consumption of truck transportation was four to twelve times higher than that of the belt conveyor; (2) the CO2 emissions from truck transportation were three to ten times higher than those of the belt conveyor; (3) with the increase in the slope angle for transportation, the ratio of truck to belt conveyor for both energy consumption and carbon emissions gradually decreased; (4) based on 2013 prices in China, the energy cost of transportation using a belt conveyor in open-cut coal mines could save 0.6–2.4 Yuan/(t km) compared to truck transportation.
Evaluation of Groundwater Potential of Crystalline Basement Area of Kogi State Polytechnic, Osara Campus, North-Central Nigeria using Electrical Resistivity Method

Hydrogeophysical study was carried out in the Basement Complex area of Kogi State Polytechnic, Osara Campus, to investigate the groundwater potential of the subsurface layers. Acute water shortage and challenges of abortive and non-functional open and closed wells has prompted this study on the development of the groundwater resources. This work involves using the electrical resistivity method to investigate concealed fractures within the area with the aim of delineating near surface/subsurface geological layers to determine the depths, thickness, structural trends and spatial distribution of basement rocks as potential sources of groundwater.  A total of thirty six vertical electrical sounding (VES) using the Schlumberger configuration was employed for the study. The depth and resistivity of the subsurface layers were determined.  The interpreted results of the geo electrical sections indicates the presence of four subsurface layers: top soil of thickness and resistivity values ranging from 0.2 – 5.0m and 169 – 3728 ohms meter, weathered basement ranging from 5 – 12m and 100 – 914 ohms meter, fractured basement ranging from 6.2 – 196 meters and 42 - 196 ohms meter the fresh rock bedrock ranging from infinity in thickness and 741 – 3691 ohms metres.  Geo electric sections, overburden Isopach maps of the area were drawn with basement depressions and elevations, the basement depressions are the priority areas for groundwater abstraction within the study area. Keywords : Osara, Groundwater, Electrical Resistivity, Fracture, Geoelectrical sections.
Retinal imaging prevention and early detection of chronic diseases

The overall objective of the RETINAL initiative of ULMA Embedded Solutions is to develop non-invasive and cost-effective tools with capacity for prevention and/or early detection of various diseases related to NCD complications, by analyzing the changes in the microvasculature of the retina.The basic framework of RETINAL is a comprehensive solution for ophthalmic imaging analysis and treatment composed of a simple, reliable and cost-effective color fundus digital image capture device and several specific software modules associated to the device for a number of specific clinical applications.The goal of this action is to demonstrate in the market, by independent peers, that RETINAL is the best available and cost-effective technology for the detection of diabetic retinopathy in DR Screening Programmes, and particularly valuable for its implementation at primary health centres, which makes screening more accessible to patients and therefore more effectiveThe overall objective of the RETINAL initiative of ULMA Embedded Solutions is to develop non-invasive and cost-effective tools with capacity for prevention and/or early detection of various diseases related to NCD complications, by analyzing the changes in the microvasculature of the retina.The basic framework of RETINAL is a comprehensive solution for ophthalmic imaging analysis and treatment composed of a simple, reliable and cost-effective color fundus digital image capture device and several specific software modules associated to the device for a number of specific clinical applications.The goal of this action is to demonstrate in the market, by independent peers, that RETINAL is the best available and cost-effective technology for the detection of diabetic retinopathy in DR Screening Programmes, and particularly valuable for its implementation at primary health centres, which makes screening more accessible to patients and therefore more effective
A Novel Registration Approach for Mammograms Based on SIFT and Graph Transformation

Mammogram registration is an important step in the processing of automatic detection of breast cancer. It provides aid to better visualization correspondence on temporal pairs of mammograms. This paper presents a novel algorithm based on SIFT feature and Graph Transformation methods for mammogram registration. First, features are extracted from the mammogram images by scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) method. Second, we use graph transformation matching (GTM) approach to obtain more accurate image information. At last, we registered a pair of mammograms using Thin-Plate spline (TPS) interpolation based on corresponding points on the two breasts, and acquire the mammogram registration image. Performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by three criterions. The experimental results show that our method is accurate and closely to the source images.
A health app developer’s guide to law and policy: a multi-sector policy analysis

Apps targeted at health and wellbeing sit in a rapidly growing industry associated with widespread optimism about their potential to deliver accessible and cost-effective healthcare. App developers might not be aware of all the regulatory requirements and best practice principles are emergent. Health apps are regulated in order to minimise their potential for harm due to, for example, loss of personal health privacy, financial costs, and health harms from delayed or unnecessary diagnosis, monitoring and treatment. We aimed to produce a comprehensive guide to assist app developers in producing health apps that are legally compliant and in keeping with high professional standards of user protection.We conducted a case study analysis of the Australian and related international policy environment for mental health apps to identify relevant sectors, policy actors, and policy solutions.We identified 29 policies produced by governments and non-government organisations that provide oversight of health apps. In consultation with stakeholders, we developed an interactive tool targeted at app developers, summarising key features of the policy environment and highlighting legislative, industry and professional standards around seven relevant domains: privacy, security, content, promotion and advertising, consumer finances, medical device efficacy and safety, and professional ethics. We annotated this developer guidance tool with information about: the relevance of each domain; existing legislative and non-legislative guidance; critiques of existing policy; recommendations for developers; and suggestions for other key stakeholders.We anticipate that mental health apps developed in accordance with this tool will be more likely to conform to regulatory requirements, protect consumer privacy, protect consumer finances, and deliver health benefit; and less likely to attract regulatory penalties, offend consumers and communities, mislead consumers, or deliver health harms. We encourage government, industry and consumer organisations to use and publicise the tool.
AN ELECTRICAL METHOD FOR CONVERSION OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF PARTICULATES

An electrical apparatus is provided for the conversion of compounds, elements, or mixtures which are in particulate form, into new compounds, elements or mixtures in gaseous, liquid, or particulate form. In a reaction chamber, particulates are mechanically transported into a first region of high electric field, where they acquire a charge and are projected into a second region in which a low-density plasma is maintained. Energetic plasma ions strike the surfaces of the particulates, causing chemical reactions and release of both neutral and ionic products species. Charge exchange on particulates causes the reduced-size particles to fall back into the first region, where the charging recurs and the cycle is repeated. Gaseous and particulate products are removed from the chamber. In one application, naturally-occurring ores may be reduced by a methane plasma; in another, coal may be converted in a methane plasma to intermediate range hydrocarbons.
Molecular epidemiology, phylogeny and evolution of dermatophytes

Dermatophytes are fungi that invade and propagate in the keratinized skin of mammals, including humans, often causing contagious infections. The species of medical concern belong to the genera Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton (in their anamorphic state) and Arthroderma (in their telomorphic state), which were traditionally identified based on their morphology and biochemical characters. Nonetheless, limitations linked to the differentiation of closely related agents at species and strains level have been recently overcome by molecular studies. Indeed, an accurate identification of dermatophytes is pivotal for the establishment of effective control and prevention programs as well as for determining the most appropriate and effective antifungal therapies to be applied. This article reviews the DNA techniques and the molecular markers used to identify and to characterize dermatophyte species, as well as aspects of their phylogeny and evolution. The applications of typing molecular strain to both basic and applied research (e.g., taxonomy, ecology, typing of infection, antifungal susceptibility) have also been discussed.
Cloth measuring machines

272,392. Vanderveld, A. Dec. 7, 1926. Measuring.-A cloth measuring machine is provided with means, e.g. a metal plate 90, for covering the readings should the measuring operation be started with the cloth beyond its proper starting point and also with a bar 93 which prevents any attempt to introduce cloth between the measuring and pressor roller 9, 51 when the same are in contact. The invention is shown applied to a measuring and cost-computing machine as described in Specifications 194,891 and 241,265. When the lever 60 is depressed to lower the presser roller 51 through the cam and lever 66, 67, it raises the bar 93 by means of the pin and cam 92, 98<a> and lowers a frame 70 pivoted on a shaft 68 by means of the arm 91 and cam 69. An extension 72 of the frame is provided with a lip 73 and a pin 75 on which is pivoted an integral cam 77 and block 76 which dips into a recess in the table 43. One face of the block is the proper starting point for the cloth to be measured but if the cloth projects beyond this point the block 76 is swung about its pivot 75 and, either by means of the cam 77 or a spring wire 78, moves a two-legged lever 81 which through a pin 88 and shaft 86 moves the plate 90 over the readings. A lip 84 on the lever 81 has now passed beyond the lip 73 and if the cloth is not readjusted to allow the block 76 to return tn a vertical position, the lips 73, 84 would engage when the lever 60 was released to raise the presser roller 51 and the plate 90 would remain over the readings. On the release of the lever 60 the bar 93 falls, and its pivoted end 95 passes into a slot in the table 43, as shown in Fig. 3, if no cloth is present, it is knocked into a horizontal position clear of the cloth and held there by a spring 99 and projection 97 on the bar 93. When the bar 93 is next lifted, its end 95 contacts with a stop 101. and is again moved into a position in line with the bar 93 as shown in Fig. 3.
ANTISENSE PERMEATION ENHANCERS

A pharmaceutical composition comprising an antisense oligonucleotide and a permeation enhancer that comprises a multi-carbon backbone having a functional group and also one or more side chains which have one or more carbon atoms and, optionally, one or more functional groups.
Suspended life: exploring cryopreservation practices in contemporary societies

Cryopreservation practices are an essential dimension of contemporary life sciences. They make possible the freezing and storage of cells, tissues and other organic materials at very low temperatures and the subsequent thawing of these at a future date without apparent loss of vitality. Although cryotechnologies are fundamental to reproductive technologies, regenerative medicine, transplantation surgery and conservation biology, they have largely escaped scholarly attention in science and technology studies, anthropology and sociology.
 
CRYOSOCIETIES explores the crucial role of cryopreservation in affecting temporalities and the concept of life. The project is based on the thesis that in contemporary societies, cryopreservation practices bring into existence a new form of life: “suspended life”. “Suspended life” enables vital processes to be kept in a liminal state in which biological substances are neither fully alive nor dead. CRYOSOCIETIES generates profound empirical knowledge about the creation of “suspended life” through three ethnographic studies that investigate various sites of cryopreservation. A fourth subproject develops a complex theoretical framework in order to grasp the temporal and spatial regimes of the different cryopractices.

CRYOSOCIETIES breaks analytical ground in three important ways. First, the project provides the first systematic and comprehensive empirical study of “suspended life” and deepens our knowledge of how cryopreservation works in different settings. Secondly, it undertakes pioneering work on cryopreservation practices in Europe, generating novel ways of understanding how “suspended life” is assembled, negotiated and mobilised in European societies. Thirdly, CRYOSOCIETIES develops an innovative methodological and theoretical framework in order to address the relationality and materiality of cryopreservation practices and to explore the concept of vitality and the politics of life in the 21st century.