SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Novel low-cost ground penetrating radar system for safe, simple and swift detection of all utilities piping and cabling located underground

Across Europe and the world, the installation of underground utility services continues to grow. The ground beneath Europe’s cities streets, which already contains a myriad of pipelines and cables, is rapidly becoming over congested. For example, the city of Rome’s 3million inhabitants are serviced by 65,000km of buried pipes and cables. Due to this congestion, delivery of vital utilities through the installation and maintenance of new and existing underground services is becoming increasingly difficult and dangerous. The personnel working in the various utilities sectors (telecoms, water, gas, electricity etc.) face daily challenges with regard safe excavation for installation and maintenance.

With limited utility detection solutions available on the market and the general absence of accurate underground piping and cabling records, accidents and damage to these utilities is occurring on a large scale. Maintenance contractors are causing 90,000 incidences of third party damage to EU gas pipelines alone annually. In a North American study, it was found that 25% of incidences are due to insufficient locating practice. The impact of such damage is wide-ranging; approximately 120 deaths and 6,000 serious injuries are attributed to contact with the electricity network occur in Europe every year, while repair costs for damaged services can run into many millions of euros.

The above problem demands urgent action. There is a clear need for a cost effective, rapid, compact, high performance “all services avoidance” solution that ensures the safety of utilities maintenance personnel, prevents utilities damage, and speeds up location of safe excavation zones. PipeHawk Plc has developed a totally unique system (e-Safe) that addresses all these needs. Our innovation project will bring the e-Safe system, currently at TRL6, to market readiness. We expect to capture up to 5% of the global market, generate annual profits of €16.4million, & create 70 new jobs by yr 5 post project.
Predicting the evolution of complex phage-host interactions

What determines if a phage can infect a host? This question arises as we work to understand the ecological roles of the hundreds of thousands of unknown viruses that I and others have discovered around the world. Phages are the most abundant life forms on Earth with important applications in medicine and biotechnology and far-ranging effects on microbial community functioning in all environments. Phage-host interactions (PHI) are an emergent trait that depends on the complex integration of factors like their taxonomic identity, the environment, and phage- and host-encoded proteins. With DiversiPHI, I propose a research program to unravel PHI by 1) measuring, 2) modelling, and 3) experimentally testing these diverse factors to develop a predictive understanding of host-range evolution.
I will first measure a range of evolutionary, ecological, and molecular factors contributing to PHI at high resolution using newly developed computational tools that exploit high-throughput datasets from thousands of natural environments around the world. Next, I will apply deep learning to integrate these measurements to simultaneously (i) quantify the relative importance and complex inter-dependencies of the different factors, and (ii) create a unique predictive model of host-range evolution. To complement these in silico predictions, I will develop an experimental evolution setup that tests the effect of the different PHI factors on host-range evolution in vitro.
Little is known about the abundant phages and their role in shaping our microbial world. DiversiPHI will vastly elevate this understanding and contribute new fundamental knowledge on how species-species interactions evolve in complex environments. Moreover, I will provide valuable new analysis tools to the community and consolidate my strong international reputation as a pioneering researcher in the cross-disciplinary field encompassing microbial ecology, virology, metagenomics, bioinformatics, and computer learning.
Placing Families in Context: Challenges for Cross-National Family Research

Cross-national comparisons constitute a valuable strategy to assess how broader cultural, political, and institutional contexts shape family outcomes. One typical approach of cross-national family research is to use comparable data from a limited number of countries, fit similar regression models for each country, and compare results across country-specific models. Increasingly, researchers are adopting a second approach, which requires merging data from many more societies and testing multilevel models using the pooled sample. Although the second approach has the advantage of allowing direct estimates of the effects of nation-level characteristics, it is more likely to suffer from the problems of omitted-variable bias, influential cases, and measurement and construct nonequivalence. I discuss ways to improve the first approach's ability to infer macrolevel influences, as well as how to deal with challenges associated with the second one. I also suggest choosing analytical strategies according to whether the data meet multilevel models' assumptions.
A systematic review of current methodology of high resolution pharyngeal manometry with and without impedance

This systematic review appraises and summaries methodology documented in studies using high resolution pharyngeal manometry (HRM) with and without impedance technology (HRIM) in adult populations.Four electronic databases CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library were searched up to, and including March 2017. Studies reporting pharyngeal HRM/HRIM for swallowing and/or phonatory assessment, published in peer-reviewed journals in English, German, or Spanish were assessed for the inclusion criteria. Of the selected studies, methodological aspects of data acquisition and analysis were extracted. Publications were graded based on their level of evidence and quality of methodological aspects was assessed.Sixty-two articles were identified eligible, from which 50 studies reported the use of HRM and 12 studies used HRIM. Of all included manuscripts, the majority utilized the ManoScan™ system (64.5%), a catheter diameter of 4.2 mm was most prevalently documented (30.6%). Most publications reported the application of topical anesthesia (53.2%). For data analysis in studies using HRM, software intrinsic to the recording system was reported most frequently (56%). A minority of the studies using HRM provided data about measurement reliability (10%). This is higher for studies using HRIM (50%).Considerable methodological variability exists regarding data acquisition and analysis in published studies using HRM/HRIM. Lacking reports of methodology make study replications difficult and reduce the comparability across studies. More data regarding the impact of individual methodological aspects on study outcomes are further required for the development of methodological recommendations.
Brazil in world trade : contingent protection measures

Acknowledgements. About the Authors. List of Abbreviations. Introduction. CHAPTER 1 Brazil in the Context of Economic Globalization. CHAPTER 2 Antidumping. CHAPTER 3 Subsidy and Countervailing Measures. CHAPTER 4 Safeguards. CHAPTER 5 Contingent Protection Measures in Brazil's Regional Trade Agreements. CHAPTER 6 Brazilian Trade Disputes Related to Contingent Protection Measures. Conclusion. Appendix 1 Decree No. 1602 of 23 August 1995. Appendix 2 CAMEX Resolution No. 13 of 29 February 2012 Establishes the Technical Group for Public Interest Assessment - GTIP. Appendix 3 SECEX Directive No. 21 of 18 OCTOBER 2010 - Anti-circumvention regulation. Appendix 4 SECEX Directive No. 46 of 23 December 2011 - New guidelines for the submission of trade remedies requests. References. Table of Cases and Regulations.
Children obesity and changing habits

Children obesity and changing habits (COACH)
The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has increased rapidly in developed countries across the globe and has become a concern for its potential negative consequence on health. The prevalence rate of obesity among children and adolescents in developed countries is over 20% and in the UK it is even higher than 25%. 
   The COACH project aims at assessing the determinants of obesity and overweight in children by looking at their eating habits and active lifestyle and evaluating 
  (1) how changes in health habits can help reducing child obesity; 
  (2) how these habits can be modified trough three mechanisms which are: 
             I. the transmission of healthy habits from parents to children, 
            II. the effect of environmental factors, 
           III. the effect of habits of the child’s peers. 
Parents can have a big role in transmitting healthy habits and obesity to their children. Children whose parents have bad eating habits and sedentary lifestyles may end up acquiring the same type of habits. Similarly children habits can be affected by the lifestyle and behaviour of other children they share their time with, e.g. siblings and school mates. Finally, a big influence on children’s health habits may come from the environment where they live. Environments with a lack of parks and green spaces, cycle paths and road safety can impede an active lifestyle. Similarly bad eating habits can be promoted by environments with an abundance of fast-food restaurants and a scarcity of shops providing quality fruits and vegetables.
Assessing the relative importance of different mechanisms affecting child’s habits and identifying which among different health habits is most malleable and has the largest effect on obesity will inform policy makers on how to design more cost effective strategies to tackle obesity.
Alpine Smart Transport and Urbanism Strategies

ASTUS aims to help local authorities to identify and implement long term solutions in both mobility and spatial planning to reduce the CO2 impacts linked to daily trips in the Alps. Alpine territories are very attractive for touristic, economic and housing reasons. An increase in traffic volume and higher levels of CO2 emissions are challenges of the future. The spreading of housing and car-dependent structures often compels inhabitants to use their own car for daily trips. This has negative consequences from an environmental, economic, spatial and social perspective, and contradicts the sustainable development of alpine space. _x000D_
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ASTUS assists local authorities in identifying and adopting an adequate local low CO2 strategy and action plan, in order to foster long term low CO2 options. By working on five different regions as a sample, project partners will define transnational solutions, as ASTUS will cover smart options from a sustainable perspective fitting to different alpine territorial types. Transferable instruments will be created for any alpine region willing to evaluate and improve its CO2 footprint. A transnational approach, cross-sectoral competencies, skills and experiences are needed to improve the current situation and meet the objectives for the whole AS. Main target groups are local authorities and multipliers acting at all governance levels which will enable PP to reach ASTUS beneficiaries (citizen). Transnational bodies are also targeted and will be observers. TG will benefit from the project through decision making tools, expertises, best experience examples and education (ASTUS schools). _x000D_
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Main outputs will be a territorial typology of AS, a toolset of “CO2 minimizers” estimating CO2 effects and costs of potential mobility and spatial planning solutions, a transnational methodology for building low CO2 scenarios, local scenarios-strategies-action plans and transnational recommendations for a successful reduction of CO2 emissions in the Alps.
DISPOSABLE ABSORBENT ARTICLES HAVING IMPROVED ADHESIVE FOR GARMENT FASTENING

An absorbent article for personal hygiene, especially a sanitary napkin, panty liner and the like, comprising an adhesive for securing said article to the garments of a wearer. The present invention provides adhesives with an adhesion performance less dependent from panty material types and washing habits, such as treatment with softeners and the like, and thus insuring reliable fastening on non-treated panties as well as on softener-treated panties. Further, the adhesives of the present invention have an especially low variation in adhesion strength along its use (i.e.: when applied, during wearing and at the removal). The adhesives of the present invention have a ?P of not more than 35% and a ?S of not more than 25%.
Surgical treatment of female urinary incontinence

Introduction During the last decade, minimal invasive procedures have been introduced for treatment of urinary incontinence (UI) in women leading to shorter hospitalisation and fewer complications. The aim of this study was to outline clinical practice and attitudes among Danish UI surgeons. Material and methods Surgeons performing UI procedures were identified and mailed a questionnaire in 2007 concerning 2006. Questions included specialisation, number of procedures, type of surgery, complications and attitude towards learning surgery and maintaining a sufficient level of routine. Results In total, 94 operating gynaecologists and urologists were identified, 63 responded (71%) of whom 49 (78%) performed UI surgery. UI surgeons were gynaecologists 43 (88%) of these 24 (49%) were urogynecologists (working more than 50% with urogynecology) and five (10%) urologists. Tension-free Vaginal Tape (TVT) was the preferred sling in 2006. A total of 20 (47%) UI surgeons used only TVT, seven (17%) only transobturator slings (TOS) and 15 (36%) both TVT and TOS. Only 11 (24%) performed > 25 TVT per year and 11 (27%) performed > 25 TOS per year. In all, UI surgeons had experience with ten different slings. This study did not allow for a quantitative assessment of complications. The attitude was that 10-25 operations are needed to learn the procedure, and that > 10 operations per year are needed to maintain a sufficient level of routine. Conclusion Practice and attitudes among urinary incontinence surgeons vary considerably and there is a lack of consensus. Many UI surgeons perform few operations with different techniques.
Ultrasonic enhancement of waste activated sludge hydrolysis and volatile fatty acids accumulation at pH 10.0

Volatile fatty acids (VFA), the preferred carbon source for biological nutrients removal, can be produced by waste activated sludge (WAS) anaerobic fermentation. However, because the rate of VFA accumulation is limited by that of WAS hydrolysis and VFA is always consumed by methanogens at acidic or neutral pHs, the ultrasonic pretreatment which can accelerate the rate of WAS hydrolysis, and alkaline adjustment which can inhibit the activities of methanogens, were, therefore, used to improve WAS hydrolysis and VFA accumulation in this study. Experiment results showed that the combination of ultrasonic pretreatment and alkaline adjustment caused significant enhancements of WAS hydrolysis and VFA accumulation. The study of ultrasonic energy density effect revealed that energy density influenced not only the total VFA accumulation but also the percentage of individual VFA. The maximal VFA accumulation (3109.8mg COD/L) occurred at ultrasonic energy density of 1.0kW/L and fermentation time of 72h, which was more than two times that without ultrasonic treatment (1275.0mg COD/L). The analysis of VFA composition showed that the percentage of acetic acid ranked the first (more than 40%) and those of iso-valeric and propionic acids located at the second and third places, respectively. Thus, the suitable ultrasonic conditions combined with alkaline adjustment for VFA accumulation from WAS were ultrasonic energy density of 1.0kW/L and fermentation time of 72h. Also, the key enzymes related to VFA formation exhibited the highest activities at ultrasonic energy density of 1.0kW/L, which resulted in the greatest VFA production during WAS fermentation at pH 10.0.
Comparative study of placental α-microglobulin-1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 and nitrazine test to diagnose premature rupture of membranes: A randomized controlled trial

The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of placental α-microglobulin-1 (PAMG-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and nitrazine test to diagnose premature rupture of membranes.A total of 120 pregnant women between 11 and 42 weeks with signs/symptoms of membrane rupture were eligible for our study. These women were evaluated with the PAMG-1, IGFBP-1, and nitrazine tests.In the 120 women, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of PAMG-1, IGFBP-1 and nitrazine test were 100%, 100%, 100%, and 100%, 93.33%, 98.89%, 96.55% and 97.80%, and 93.33%, 94.44%, 84.85%, and 97.7%, respectively. In a comparison of the PAMG-1 test and the nitrazine test, positive coincidence rate was 84.85%, negative coincidence rate was 97.70%, total coincidence rate was 94.17%, and kappa value was 0.85. In a comparison of the PAMG-1 test and the IGFBP-1 test, the positive coincidence rate, negative coincidence rate and total coincidence rate were 96.55%, 97.80%, and 97.50%, and kappa value was 0.93.PAMG-1 assay was the most accurate method to diagnose premature rupture of membranes with the highest sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value.
The Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics: An Interview with Bruce Perry

In this interview with Bruce Perry, MD, PhD, Senior Fellow of The Child Trauma Academy, Laurie MacKinnon discusses with Dr Perry developmental trauma and the Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics, an approach to clinical problem solving that utilises a developmental lens and incorporates advances in neurobiological development. Dr Perry gives his perspective on the causal connection between childhood abuse and later psychiatric diagnosis, the child's contact with a violent parent post-separation, the importance of interventions that address the organisation and functioning of lower parts of the brain and his perspective on the use and limitations of psychotropic medications, cognitive behaviour therapy and family therapy.
Actuator using elastic extensible member

An actuator includes an elastic member extensible in axial directions when a pressurized fluid is supplied into the elastic member, and guiding device arranged inwardly of the elastic member and permitting the elastic member to move in the axial directions, but restraining the elastic member from moving in directions intersecting the axial directions. As the actuator is of an air-bag type so that energy of the pressurized fluid can be converted into mechanical movement with high efficiency. The actuator moves only in radial directions without expanding in radial directions, so that a space occupied by the actuator in operation is little.
Social, entrepreneurial and excelling doctors for water technology

The objective of the WaterSEED project is to provide a doctoral program to excellent early stage researchers (ESRs) that want to develop their skills and contribute to the development of breakthrough technologies for water related challenges. Key elements in the program are the strong focus on interdisciplinary interaction, entrepreneurial skills and societal relevance. 

The project will use the existing Wetsus doctoral (PhD) program as a strong base and will enable this program to become even more international and relevant for the European society. The Wetsus doctoral program has grown in the 10 years of its existence to a prime example of smart, regional specialization on water technology with a strong European connection between research institutes and industry partners. The research in the Wetsus program takes place in close collaboration with 90 companies that actively participate in the research through paying memberships to focused and high trust research themes.  All Wetsus researchers have at least three contacts per year with these industry partners. The current doctoral program has a strong regional and national funding base.

Through COFUND this program will be further expanded and strengthened by attracting 45 international, excellent young researchers to the program in the period of 2015-2020. It will also strengthen the European connection of the program by increasing the number of researchers from other countries than the host organisation to over 70%. The ESRs will be selected in two calls per year through a transparent and thorough selection process, including a two day WaterSEED Recruitment Challenge at Wetsus for the best candidates.
Uncovering the mechanisms of osteoarthritis in human knee applying spatial transcriptomics

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent chronic musculoskeletal disorder causing pain, morbidity and disability, giving rise to enormous healthcare expenditures and loss of work. The exact triggers and pathogenesis of OA are still poorly understood. Currently, there are no measures to slow down the progression of OA. Bulk tissue-based multi-omics and small-scale single cell RNA-seq studies focussing on chondrocytes and synoviocytes have identified novel cell clusters, supporting the hypothesis that OA is a disease of the whole joint. However, one of the key relevant tissues (bone) have not yet been studied. In addition, approaches to date have employed lengthy live cell extraction approaches that affect the transcriptome pattern. Finally, the spatial dimension of molecular changes in the osteochondral unit has not been studied to date. This work will fill this fundamental gap in our understanding of the molecular aetiopathogenesis and progression of OA by employing a novel cutting-edge technique, spatial transcriptomics (ST). ST acts like a high-throughput molecular microscope to allow visualisation and quantitative analysis of the transcriptome with spatial resolution in individual tissue sections, affording near-single cell resolution. SpatialArth will generate new knowledge on the molecular profile of the osteochondral unit and will identify with spatial resolution which cells are involved in the pathogenesis of OA. I will combine ST sequencing and protein expression data from cartilage and bone tissues from OA patients (matched tissues from intact and degraded regions of tibial plateau) and tissues derived from non-OA knee joints. Additionally, I will develop my computational genomics skillset, aiming to help fill the need for a much-needed next generation of interdisciplinary researchers. SpatialArth addresses several mandatory European Union calls - finding strategies supporting healthy and active aging and decreasing the economic burden on healthcare.
Inequality, Wealth and Thailand’s Politics

ABSTRACTAcemoglu and associates argue that resistance to democratisation will be stronger where inequality is high. Piketty shows that shifts at the upper end of the distribution may be historically more significant than overall measures of inequality. In Thailand, the high level of income inequality has eased slightly since 2000, but there is a “1% problem” as peak incomes are growing faster than the average. Newly available data show that inequality of wealth is very high. At the top of the wealth pyramid, family holdings of commercial capital are growing. A significant proportion of top entrepreneurs have emerged within the past generation. A second tier of the wealth elite has developed over the past generation from rising property values, financial investments and professional incomes. Although their individual wealth is much less than the corporate elite, their numbers are much greater. The existence of the prospering “1%” and the emergence of the second-tier wealthy may corroborate Acemoglu’s propo...