SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Determinant of Mudharabah Financing: A Study at Indonesian Islamic Rural Banking

This study aims to determine the variables that affect the financing in the Islamic rural banking in Indonesia. The data used in this study is a monthly time series data that is from June 2009 until June 2015 in the monthly financial statements Islamic Banking Statistics published by Bank Indonesia. The analytical method used in this research is multiple linear regressions. The results of data analysis showed that the variables simultaneously deposit fund, capital adequacy ratio, inflation, exchange rate and the level of revenue sharing significantly influence the composition of financing. Partially deposit funds and the exchange rate significant positive effect, while capital adequacy ratio had a negative effect. Variable inflation and the level of revenue sharing do not significantly influence the composition of financing. This result implies that Islamic rural banking should increase the deposit funds to increase the mudaraba financing.DOI: 10.15408/etk.v16i1.4638
Auch ohne Feldmission: Das Engagement der OSZE in Georgiens Konflikten

Zusammenfassung Die OSZE beendete 2009 nach 17 Jahren ihre Feldoperationen in Georgien.Russland hatte sich nach dem Krieg mit Georgien im August 2008 geweigert, das Mandat der Mission zu verlängern.Seitdem stellt sich die Frage, wie sich die OSZE in Georgien engagieren und eine nennenswerte
Complex Systems Dynamics and Sustainability

This chapter explores the implications of a complex dynamic systems perspective for the adequate conception of sustainability and satisfactory sustainability policy. The essence of sustainability policy is the appropriate management of human interaction with the natural world, with a particular emphasis on interactions that involve risks to valuable, especially life-supporting, environmental processes. The limitations on predictability also suggest that responsible sustainability policy will be a co-evolutionary learning process, not only at tactical scales among intention, prediction and action, but also at strategic scales between theory and observation, and between values, which direct policy goals, and descriptive understanding. Inherent limitations on dynamical modeling, prediction and normative development imply that a portfolio of precautionary do-a-little-to-learn activities is as important a component of sustainability strategy as is activity directed at maintaining current substantively valued conditions and processes. The dynamics of these learning processes are also characterized by strong positive feedback loops and path-dependent sensitivity to initial conditions. Furthermore, achieving the adequate management of risk in behaviorally complex systems implies a requirement for a robust appreciation of the significance of values implicit in both learning and other methodological norms, in addition to the traditionally recognized significance of values in the determination of substantive policy goals.
Amblyomma parvum Aragão, 1908 (Acari: Ixodidae): Phylogeography and systematic considerations

The geographical distribution of Amblyomma parvum Aragão 1908 in the New World is disjunct, with two main clusters separated from each other by the Amazon basin. The main objectives of this study were to further investigate the systematic relationships within A. parvum, to determine whether or not populations from different geographical areas might represent cryptic species, and to reconstruct the phylogeographical evolutionary history of the species. The genetic diversity of A. parvum collected throughout its distributional range was analyzed by using 6 molecular markers: 5 mitochondrial [the small and the large ribosomal subunits 12rDNA and 16SrDNA, the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and II (COII) and the control region or d-loop (DL)], and one nuclear (ITS2, Inter transcribed spacer 2). Phylogenetic trees were inferred by using maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses. In addition, node dating was attempted for the main lineages identified phylogenetically. Although mitochondrial and nuclear topologies were not totally congruent, they all identified at least two main supported clusters, a Central American lineage, and a Brazilian-Argentinian lineage. Clade support and divergence values strongly suggest that the two lineages correspond to different taxonomic entities. Node dating placed the split between the Central American and the Brazilian-Argentinian lineages at approximately 5.8-4.9 Mya, just after the progressive replacement of the dry areas that occupied the northern part of South America by the Amazon Basin in the early-mid Miocene. This event might be the cause of fragmentation and putative speciation within the ancestral relatively xerophilic A. parvum population.
Blending single beam RoxAnn and multi-beam swathe QTC hydro-acoustic discrimination techniques for the Stonehaven area, Scotland, UK

Abstract Surface properties of the seabed in a 180 km2 area of coastal waters (14–57 m depth) off northeast Scotland were mapped by hydro-acoustic discrimination using single and multi-beam echosounders linked to signal processing systems (RoxAnn for the single beam, and Questor Tangent Corporation (QTC) Multiview for the multibeam). Subsequently, two ground truthing surveys were carried out, using grab and TV sampling. The RoxAnn and QTC-Multiview outputs showed strong similarity in their classifications of seabed types. Classifications generated by QTC-Multiview were used to supervise those based on seabed roughness and hardness indices produced by the RoxAnn system and thereby develop a ‘blended’ map based on both systems. The resulting hydro-acoustic classes agreed well with a cluster analysis of data on sediment grain sizes from the grab sampling, and indicated that the area could be described by distinct regions of surface texture and surficial sediments ranging from muddy sand to boulders and rock.
Cavity-Mediated entanglement of trapped-ion qubit arrays for quantum information processing

Long-coherence times, high-fidelity individual-ion control and entanglement-mediating Coulomb interactions make trapped-ion qubits a very attractive platform for quantum information processing (QIP). Entangling gates performed by coupling the internal states of ions in the same potential well via their shared motional mode have recently reached the high fidelities necessary for the implementation of quantum error correction protocols which can enable fault-tolerant QIP. However, scaling this type of gate up to long ion chains (>20 ions) is not feasible: large ion numbers lead to crowding of the motional mode spectrum of the chain, eventually preventing addressing of specific modes. Cavity-mediated ion-photon coupling is a promising avenue to scalability. Photons emitted into a shared cavity mode can be used as a quantum bus to entangle short ion arrays. If implemented between arrays of N ions, this photonic interface benefits from an N-fold enhancement of the ion-photon coupling. Strong collective coupling has been shown with neutral atoms and 3D ion crystals, but has not been performed in a system with individual-qubit control and Coulomb-mediated entanglement capabilities. Prof.Vuletic’s MIT group operates a multi-zone ion trap which holds several linear ion arrays (of up to 20 ions each) spaced along the trap axis and features an integrated macroscopic optical cavity. Cooperativity measurements indicate that the strong-coupling regime should be achievable with this apparatus for cavity-mediated entanglement of arrays as short as 5 ions in length. As an MSCA fellow, I will use this trap to pursue the first demonstration of cavity-mediated entanglement of two spatially separate ion arrays. Upon returning, I will join ETH's effort to integrate micro-machined cavities into ion traps and use them to demonstrate strong ion-cavity coupling in a scalable environment, an essential step in the drive to build large-scale photonically-interfaced quantum computers.
Synthetic microbial consortia-based platform for flavonoids production using synthetic biology

This Project pursues the implementation a standardized pipeline for surrogate production of plant flavonoids in synthetic microbial consortia (SMCs) by means of standardization and systems-guided assembly of highly complex biological devices. Flavonoids are the more abundant and consumed group of phytonutrients, used in numerous applications including functional food & beverages, dietary supplements, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Despite its growing demand, flavonoids production remains elusive to chemical synthesis and biotech-based approaches, thus current flavonoid market is constrained to the scarce plant-based sources. These compounds are synthetized in nature through complex pathways involving an intense chemicals trafficking through plant compartments. By facilitating component troubleshooting and re-usability—instead of optimizing a single whole-cell biocatalyst— SynBio4Flav will recreate such non-homogeneous scenario by breaking-down specific portions of the complexes and highly regulated biochemical routes between different microbial species, each of them genetically programmed to deliver an optimal output of the corresponding biosynthetic step(s) i.e. through a distributed catalysis engineered in a defined SMC. Enabling such novel approach, SynBio4Flav will push the existing boundaries of the synthetic biology by acting along the whole Synthetic Biology hierarchy abstraction, and remarkably, in those with high complexity level e.g. cell systems and microbial communities. By creating libraries of optimized cell systems programmed to deliver an optimal output, and novel synthetic biology tools for cell systems assembling into 3D SMCs, SysBio4Flav will reach a TRL5 in production of natural and new-to-nature glycosylated flavonoids. The durable output of SynBio4Flav will be a standardized platform containing hundreds of optimal cell systems for exploring the full combinatorial space of flavonoids biosynthesis, including thousands of new-to-nature analogues.
SEMPIONECONOMIA OSSERVATORIO TRASFRONTALIERO MERCATO DEL LAVORO E DELL’ECONOMIA

Tra Verbano-Cusio-Ossola e Il Cantone Vallese esistono da secoli profondi legami economici nonostante le altrettanto profonde differenze culturali. Gli enti di governo delle politiche del lavoro da ambo i lati della frontiera hanno convenuto di porre in essere un progetto finalizzato a favorire l’incontro domanda-offerta di lavoro da ambo i lati della frontiera. E inoltre divenuto indispensabile calibrare uno strumento, rivolto in particolar modo alle aziende, di conoscenza reciproca delle opportunita di investimento e sviluppo comune. Nello spazio transfrontaliero Verbano - Cusio - Ossola / Vallese, Sempioneconomia opera nell’ambito di: •• promozione e informazione; •• sviluppo economico; •• formazione; •• monitoraggio del flusso di lavoratori transfrontalieri. Questo al fine di: agevolare l’accesso e la permanenza nel mercato del lavoro, facilitare ed incoraggiare le relazioni economiche transfrontaliere e promuovere iniziative imprenditoriali transfrontaliere. Sempioneconomia dispone di: •• banca dati dei CPI provinciali (preselezione); •• Sito www.sempioneconomia.com (promozione e informazione); •• sportello c/o CPI - Domodossola e RAV-Brig (consulenza e formazione) •• sportelli sindacali (consulenza). Sempioneconomia gestisce il matching ed il monitoraggio ed organizza corsi tecnici di lingua tedesca (formazione) e incontri transfrontalieri tra le aziende.  Sempioneconomia costituisce un fondamentale osservatorio sulle condizioni e prospettive dei rapporti transfrontalieri tra Verbano- Cusio-Ossola e Vallese, nonché un punto di riferimento linguistico e culturale nell’ambito dei rapporti transfrontalieri.
METHOD FOR ELECTRIFYING MATERIALS AND STORING ELECTRIC CHARGES IN MATERIALS BY WATER ADSORPTION/DESORPTION, AND MATERIAL ELECTRIFIED BY THIS METHOD

The present invention relates to a method for generating, producing or capturing electricity, characterised in that metals and isolating materials are electrified by being subjected to variations in the relative humidity of the ambient atmosphere, or exposed to water in the liquid state or wet materials, in any form known in the prior art. The invention also encompasses the materials electrified as a result of variations in humidity to which they are exposed, or of their degree of wetness, these variations being produced in any form already described in the prior art. Changes in ambient humidity or degree of wetness cause the electrification of solid metallic and isolating materials in the form of monoliths, plates, sheets, films, fabrics, webs and threads, enabling the subsequent transfer, storage and use of the electric charge in forms known in the prior art. The same method can be applied to liquids, in any known form. The method described in this invention makes it possible to capture atmospheric electricity, which is an extremely important technological achievement that has been the subject of much research, until now without any viable technological solution. The unprecedented character of the present invention is ensured by the originality of the phenomena for generating, producing or capturing electricity, and by the absence or any precedent similar or analogous to the method or products described.
4DVein Plus

Como parte do projeto 4DVeinPlus, o sensor de deteção de veias existente será complementado por um componente de deteção para a deteção de robus te de tentativas de contrafação.
Infant-feeding patterns and cardiovascular risk factors in young adulthood: data from five cohorts in low- and middle-income countries

Infant-feeding patterns may influence lifelong health. This study tested the hypothesis that longer duration of breastfeeding and later introduction of complementary foods in infancy are associated with reduced adult cardiovascular risk.Data were pooled from 10 912 subjects in the age range of 15-41 years from five prospective birth-cohort studies in low-/middle-income countries (Brazil, Guatemala, India, Philippines and South Africa). Associations were examined between infant feeding (duration of breastfeeding and age at introduction of complementary foods) and adult blood pressure (BP), plasma glucose concentration and adiposity (skinfolds, waist circumference, percentage body fat and overweight/obesity). Analyses were adjusted for maternal socio-economic status, education, age, smoking, race and urban/rural residence and infant birth weight.There were no differences in outcomes between adults who were ever breastfed compared with those who were never breastfed. Duration of breastfeeding was not associated with adult diabetes prevalence or adiposity. There were U-shaped associations between duration of breastfeeding and systolic BP and hypertension; however, these were weak and inconsistent among the cohorts. Later introduction of complementary foods was associated with lower adult adiposity. Body mass index changed by -0.19 kg/m(2) [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.37 to -0.01] and waist circumference by -0.45 cm (95% CI -0.88 to -0.02) per 3-month increase in age at introduction of complementary foods.There was no evidence that longer duration of breastfeeding is protective against adult hypertension, diabetes or overweight/adiposity in these low-/middle-income populations. Further research is required to determine whether 'exclusive' breastfeeding may be protective. Delaying complementary foods until 6 months, as recommended by the World Health Organization, may reduce the risk of adult overweight/adiposity, but the effect is likely to be small.
CABLE NETWORK REGIONAL CONNECTIVITY PLANNING METHOD AND APPARATUS

The present invention provides a cable network planning method comprising: modelling the prespecified topology as a Steiner tree including a plurality of terminal nodes representing a plurality of cable landing stations (CLSs) to be installed respectively in a plurality of destination regions connected by the cable network, a plurality of Steiner nodes presenting a plurality of branching units (BUs) to be installed in the cable network, and a plurality of edges connecting the terminal nodes and Steiner nodes; constructing a directed acyclic graph (DAG); finding a Steiner minimal tree (SMT) by applying a DAG-Least-Cost-System algorithm; returning coordinates of Steiner nodes, terminal nodes of the SMT as locations of the BUs and the CLSs. The provided method enables inclusion of costs of the Steiner nodes by taking account of Steiner nodes with degree in excess of three such that more flexible BU branching structures and CLS locations alternatives can be considered.
Sustainability analysis of rapid prototyping: material/resource and process perspectives

Sustainability of rapid prototyping (RP) depends on both model-building materials (wooden-materials, photo-resins, etc.) and model-building processes (additive processes – SLA, SLS, etc.; and subtractive processes – e.g., wood-sawing). In this study, a sustainability index is developed for RP processes, and this index incorporates such sustainability factors as volumetric quantity of model-building material, CO2 footprint and resource depletion of primary production of model-building material, energy consumption and CO2 emission of the model-building process. In addition, physical models have been created from the same 3D CAD data by using both SLA-based RP technology (additive process) and wooden-material-based RP technology (subtractive process). The subtractive process uses a specially designed CNC machine tool that removes the wooden-material using a circular-saw controlled by a 3D CAD model. The model-building process has been repeated for different scales of the same 3D CAD model. Using the experimental results, the sustainability index of the two RP technologies has been compared. The results help determine the critical size of a physical model of a given 3D CAD model and RP technology ensuring sustainability. In addition, the results show new avenues for improving the respective RP technologies in terms of sustainable manufacturing requirements.
A BOD monitoring disposable reactor with alginate-entrapped bacteria

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is a measure of the amount of dissolved oxygen that is required for the biochemical oxidation of the organic compounds in 5 days. New biosensor-based methods have been conducted for a faster determination of BOD. In this study, a mathematical model to evaluate the feasibility of using a BOD sensor, based on disposable alginate-entrapped bacteria, for monitoring BOD in situ was applied. The model considers the influences of alginate bead size and bacterial concentration. The disposable biosensor can be adapted according to specific requirements depending on the organic load contained in the wastewater. Using Klein and Washausen parameter in a Lineweaver-Burk plot, the glucose diffusivity was calculated in 6.4 × 10(-10) (m2/s) for beads of 1 mm in diameter and slight diffusion restrictions were observed (n = 0.85). Experimental results showed a correlation (p < 0.05) between the respirometric peak and the standard BOD test. The biosensor response was representative of BOD.
Scattering of a plane electromagnetic wave by a hollow circular cone with thin semi-transparent walls

We study electromagnetic plane wave diffraction by a hollow circular cone with thin walls modelled by the so-called impedance-sheet boundary conditions. By means of Kontorovich-Lebedev integral representations for the Debye potentials and a 'partial' separation of variables, the problem is reduced to coupled functional difference (FD) equations for the relevant spectral functions. For a circular cone, the FD equations are then further reduced to integral equations, which are subsequently shown to be Fredholm-type equations via a semi-inversion by use of Dixon's resolvent. We then solve the integral equations numerically using an appropriate quadrature method. Certain useful further integral representations for the solution of 'Watson-Bessel' and Sommerfeld types are developed, which gives a theoretical basis for subsequent calculation of the far-field (high-frequency) asymptotics for the diffracted field. Based on this asymptotics, the radar cross section in the domain, which is free from both the reflected and the surface waves, has been computed numerically.
Touch controlled voltage-divider device

A voltage divider device capable of providing any voltage in a preselected range of voltages, which voltage may be set by a touch of the finger is disclosed. The device includes a control element without frictional contacts and a voltage storage circuit controlled by the control element. A circuit including the device is described and embodiments of the device providing a visual indication of the setting of the device are disclosed.
LAMINATED KNITTED NET AND METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME

The present invention is directed to a laminated net, and more specifically to a laminate comprising a nonwoven fabric and knitted net to be utilized as rounded bale wrap, wherein the wrap maintains the integrity of the bale during, pick-up, transport, and storage. The net of the present invention is laminate to nonwoven fabric. The nonwoven fabric provides additional coverage to the rounded bale so as to maintain the compact shape of the bale during pick-up, transport, and storage.
Modification of Biodiesel Batch Reactor

The reaction of vegetable oil/fat for the production of biodiesel usually takes place in an enclosed device known as a reactor. Three major types of reactors available for biodiesel production are: batch, semicont inuous flow and continuousflow reactors. Batch reactors are pl edged with the problem of low productivity and high energy requirement. However, their flexibility in the choice of feedstock and less initial capital and infrastructure investment has encouraged the use for laboratory and commercial purposes. The major aim of this work is to modify the existing batch reactor for increased biodiesel yield. To accomplish this task, two different stirring� arm stages with a horizontal baffle were used. These arms arrangement were meant to increase turbulence during the fluid mixing and create more liquid surface to surface interactions for greater molecular separation and interface reaction. The result of performance evaluation carried out on the modified reactor show that, multiple stages of agitators increased the interface mobility of the alkoxide solution, yielding 98% of biodiesel in a record time of 60minutes at a mixing speed of 300rpm.The result of this research shows that, the conversion of alkoxide in the reactor was enhanced by the use of multiple levels of agitators, thus leading to increased biodiesel yield at a lower mixing speed and power requirement. The results of this work will encourage the full utilization of the device for biodiesel production for both laboratory and commercial needs.