SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Human discrimination of translational accelerations

Human perception of self-motion is the result of combining information from many sensory systems such as visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive systems. Research on vestibular thresholds has mainly focused on estimating absolute thresholds for translational and rotational motions and estimating difference thresholds for rotational velocities. In this study, psychophysical methods are used to determine the ability of normal subjects to discriminate among sinusoidal accelerations in the horizontal plane. Difference thresholds were estimated using four different acceleration amplitudes ranging from peak amplitude of 0.5-2.0 m/s2 and three different frequencies ranging from 0.25 to 0.6 Hz. Difference thresholds ranged from 0.05 m/s2 for a sinusoidal acceleration with peak amplitude of 0.5 to 0.13 m/s2 for a sinusoidal acceleration with peak amplitude of 2.0 m/s2. The relationship between difference threshold estimates and peak accelerations is found to compare favorably to Weber's law, which is often used to represent changes in threshold values in other sensory systems. Moreover, the threshold estimates tend to decrease as frequency increases. The effect of visual condition on thresholds was also investigated. It was shown that when the visual scene is stationary with respect to the subject, there are no significant differences between threshold estimates based on closed-eye and open-eye scenarios.
Hydraulic suitability of an innovative fish passage design

An innovative hydraulic structure consisting of identical cell was proposed for fish passage-way in surface water. The objective of this paper was to simulate a single cell of the proposed fishway to find suitability against Atlantic fish species. The numerical model used for this hydraulic structure was developed to simulate the water surface profiles and longitudinal velocity through one cell. The model was run with an upstream depth of 0.3–0.9 m with an increment of 0.1 m. The depths arising from analysis of the hypothetical prototypes were found to be adequate for most fish species investigated. The velocities were found to be reasonable for most fish species. Although the model did not always provide preferable velocities, the species considered can cope with the high velocity using their burst speed capabilities. The cell thus provides acceptable hydraulic conditions for fish to travel both longitudinally and laterally.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of postovulatory follicles from histological sections

The postovulatory follicle (POF) resorption process is classified in daily phases by examination of their 2-D histomorphological structure and characteristics to indicate the elapsed time since spawning. These characteristics were used to investigate the associated reduction in volume by three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of POFs in ovary samples of European hake (Merluccius merluccius) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Ovaries were serially sectioned and POFs were analysed to collect the sequence of profiles to generate a 3-D model. The volume of POFs determined from 3-D reconstruction was also compared to results following Cavalieri and Geometrical Best-Fitting methods. The data of POF volumes obtained were shown to be typical characteristic of four and three different POF histomorphological stages defined for hake and cod, respectively. In both species, POFs shrank sharply in the first hours, and then decreased more gradually until their complete resorption. There was no statistical difference in volume measurement of POFs determined by the three methods listed above, and therefore, the volume of POFs may, be used to validate the reliability of 2-D histomorphological staging to age POFs.
The impact of alternative harvesting strategies in a resource-consumer metapopulation

Summary

1. The majority of our knowledge of harvested populations has been drawn from studies on single-species occupying continuous landscapes. Population dynamics in spatially structured landscapes are markedly different from those in continuous habitats. We investigate the effects of several harvesting strategies on the metapopulation dynamics of the bruchid beetle Callosobruchus maculatus and its parasitoid Anisopteromalus calandrae, when locally extinction prone populations of bruchids were harvested. By harvesting the resource in this closed resource–consumer interaction, we could examine the scenario where humans and natural predators share a common resource.



2. Using population-level models in single and coupled-patch systems, simulations were run to estimate sustainable harvesting levels for each harvesting strategy. These harvesting levels were then implemented in experimental metapopulation microcosms. Experiments were run for multiple generations and long-term time series of population size and harvest yield were collected.



3. Controversially, harvesting resulted in larger regional population sizes in harvested metapopulations than in unharvested metapopulations. Similarly, conservative harvesting strategies such as fixed escapement harvesting and harvesting with refuges resulted in smaller population sizes than fixed quota or fixed proportion harvesting strategies. Fixed proportion harvesting gave rise to the largest population sizes, fewest local extinctions and largest yields. Assuming both species are of ecological importance, fixed proportion is therefore the optimal harvesting strategy for this model system.



4. Synthesis and applications. We demonstrate that, under certain conditions, increasing local mortality can increase population sizes. This ‘hydra effect’ may be caused by the advantage of higher rates of local population turnover for dispersive species in patchy landscapes, or due to the interruption of overcompensatory density-dependence in the host populations. These results are of particular relevance both in the development of sustainable harvesting policies in multi-species communities or, conversely, the control of pest species inhabiting spatially structured landscapes. We have shown that predictive models can be a useful tool in the estimation of sustainable harvesting limits where no a priori knowledge of the system exists. We also demonstrate that spatial structure, the effects of interspecific interactions and knowledge of density-dependent population dynamics must be included in the generation of sustainable harvesting theory.
Coral dos Vaqueiros: história e memória da educação musical na cidade de União

O presente trabalho buscou investigar as técnicas de ensino musical utilizadas no Coral dos Vaqueiros de União-PI a partir da sua criação em 1987, e que esteve sob as regências dos maestros Aurélio Melo e Emmanuel Coelho Maciel. A pesquisa foi mobilizada por meio da perspectiva da História Oral e Documental, as fontes e evidências foram as entrevistas com dois participantes do Coral. Diante disso, a pergunta que norteou o trabalho foi: Quais técnicas de ensino musical eram utilizadas no coral dos vaqueiros e, que estruturas estavam disponíveis para esse coral? Assim, se obteve através das análises a conclusão da contribuição cultural e musical do contexto em que o Coral dos Vaqueiros estava inserido.&#x0D; Palavras-chave: Educação Musical. Canto Coral. Coral de Vaqueiros. Técnicas de Ensino. Cultura.
TANK FOR AN OPERATING AGENT FOR VEHICLES

The invention relates to a tank (1) for holding an operating agent for a vehicle, comprising a substantially cylindrical metal casing (2) which is sealed at least at one end by an end cover (3) or end container (4) consisting of injection moulded plastic. A metal strip (11) is injection moulded into the end cover or end container (3, 4) so that it forms an overhang, said strip being welded to the casing (2).
Sealed solar-powered light assembly

A solar-powered light assembly is sealed and has a battery integral therewith, thus does not require servicing and is not prone to vandalism. The light assembly comprises at least one light-emitting diode (LED) powered by a rechargeable battery integral with the assembly. A solar panel on the assembly recharges the battery, and power management circuitry activates the LED at low ambient light intensities to prevent excessive changing of the battery and to prevent excessive discharge of the battery when it is low.
Back to the sea: axial evolution in secondarily aquatic mammals

Unravelling adaptations and evolutionary impacts of major ecological transitions remains a central theme in evolutionary biology. Secondary invasions of the aquatic realm by land-dwelling tetrapods are one such example, involving a shift from limb-based to axial-driven locomotion and accompanying reorganization of the postcranial skeleton. Modifications of limbs to flippers are well documented, yet, adaptations of the backbone associated with these transitions remain poorly understood. Mammals have reinvaded water numerous times, using a variety of swimming modes, and thus provide an ideal system for studying axial evolution in land-to-water transitions. The Back2Sea project will investigate the impact of the secondary invasion of the aquatic realm on the mammalian backbone by examining: (i) vertebral morphology and function, (ii) backbone regionalisation and modularity, and (iii) mode and tempo of axial evolution. To achieve this, Back2Sea will quantify form and function at the organismic scale using biomechanical experimentation, and combine this with data on macroevolutionary patterns of vertebral morphology across a wide variety of terrestrial, aquatic, and semiaquatic extant and fossil mammals. Analyses conducted in a broad phylogenetic and quantitative evolutionary context will address fundamental questions about the patterns and processes driving land-to-water transitions. This multidisciplinary approach will allow the Fellow to expand upon her previous work on cetaceans, and acquire a broad set of new skills including biomechanical experimentation, use of fossil specimens, and cutting-edge computational methods. By developing these skills, enhancing her marine mammal knowledge, and establishing new research networks, Back2Sea will lay the foundation for building the Fellow's research niche as a future leader in marine tetrapod evolutionary dynamics.
A systematic, first-principles study of the structural preference and magnetic properties of mononitrides of the d-block metals

Abstract First principles calculations are used to investigate the structural properties of mononitrides of the 3d, 4d and 5d transition metals (Groups III-XI), in the rocksalt (NaCl) and zincblende (ZnS) crystal structures. Trends in lattice constants and stability are established. Magnetic properties of 3d transition metal mononitrides are investigated, both at equilibrium and under conditions of compression and strain. The present study represents a consistent reference set of the properties of transition metal mononitrides, calculated within the same theoretical framework. Such a consistent data set is of great use in comparing and contrasting properties of the various transition metal nitrides.
The ultrasonic waves effects on oil-water emulsification, coalescence, detachment, mobilization and viscosity in porous media

Ultrasonic wave technique is an unconventional EOR method, which has been of interest to researchers for more than six decades. Emulsification and demulsification are phenomena which occur at the interface of oil and water under the influence of ultrasonic waves. Therefore, the conditions in which emulsification becomes dominant over demulsification due to ultrasonic radiation in porous media should be further investigated. However, surfactants are the principal agents that enable oil and water to mix and are often the most expensive component in an emulsion. Therefore, selecting an appropriate surfactant formulation capable of mobilization of oil without significant surfactant loss due to adsorption and phase separation in the reservoir is very important. Estimation of solubilization parameters are great tools in designing economical emulsion flooding compositions. In this study, the effect of ultrasonic waves on the amount of oil and water solubilized by a unit of surfactant were investigated. It was observed that the emulsion volume and amount of oil solubilized in emulsion were increased by increasing salinity under short periods of ultrasonic wave radiation, and demulsification of the emulsion occurred after longer period of radiation. In addition, Hele-Shaw model tests were conducted to show microscopically the effect of long and short periods of ultrasonic waves’ radiation at the interface of paraffin oil and surfactant solution/brine. Diffusion of phases, formation of emulsion and gas bubbles were observed after short periods of ultrasonic waves’ radiation. However, demulsification and coalescence of surfactant solution/brine droplets inside emulsion was initiated after long periods of ultrasound radiation.Another objective of this study was to investigate directly the effect of ultrasonic waves on viscosity changes in three types of oil (paraffin oil, synthetic oil, and kerosene) and a brine sample. It was observed that the viscosity of all the liquids was decreased under the influence of ultrasonic waves in both uncontrolled and controlled temperature conditions. However, the reduction was found to be more significant for uncontrolled temperature condition cases. In addition, micro-model experiments were conducted to show other oil recovery mechanisms such as oil droplet coalescence, oil mobilization, and oil detachment from dead end pores under the influence of ultrasonic waves. The results revealed that these mechanisms happen in porous media under the influence of ultrasonic waves. Therefore, it was concluded that the use of ultrasonic waves could be suggested, not as a substitute for conventional EOR methods, but as an alternative or complimentary tool, which in certain instances may make conventional methods more effective and less costly.
Assessment of productive and reproductive performance of dairy cattle nexus with feed availability in selected peri-urban areas of Ethiopia

The study was conducted to assess the performance of dairy cattle in relation with feed availability and quality in selected peri-urban of Debre Birhan, Jimma and Sebeta areas of Ethiopia. Structured questionnaire, secondary data sources, field observations and laboratory analysis were employed to generate data. A total of 60 farmers (Debre Birhan=20, Jimma=20 and Sebeta=20) were randomly selected for the study. The overall estimated mean lactation length of cows was 296.5±8.7 days and was not different (P>0.05) among sites. The overall estimated mean age of heifers at first service was 27.5±1.0 months and age at first calving was 36.8±1.0 months and differed (P<0.001) considerably among the study sites. The result of the study indicated that grass hay was the main basal diet in all study areas. Laboratory analysis of major feed resources indicated that hay had Crude Protein (CP) content of 6.1% and crop residues varied from 3.1 to 6.7%. In addition, crop residues had lower digestibility (48%), its energy value ranged from 6.5 to 7.9 MJ/kg dry matter (DM). Wheat bran, and molasses had Metabolizable Energy (ME) content of 13.2 and 12.5 MJ/kg DM, respectively. Brewery wet grains had lower CP (27%) than cottonseed cake (42%) and enough seedcake (35%). Annual feed balance estimation revealed that the total estimated available feed supply met 83% of the maintenance DM requirement of livestock per farm per year while, the total estimated CP and ME were in accordance with the livestock requirement merely for maintenance. Therefore, from the current study it was concluded that the quality of available basal roughage feeds is generally low and strategic supplementation of protein and energy rich feeds should be required. Furthermore, optional feeds like brewery wet grains and other non-conventional feed resources should be further considered.

	 

	Key words: Age at first service, calving interval, crude protein, daily milk yield, days open, feed supply, feed quality, lactation length, metabolizable energy.
Ser humano em destaque: filosofia, espiritualidade e cuidados em saúde frente à pandemia de COVID-19 [Highlighting the human person: philosophy, spirituality, and health care in view of the COVID-19 pandemic] [Ser humano en destaque: filosofía, espiritualidad y cuidado de la salud ante la pandemia del COVID-19]

Objetivo: verificar o possível papel da filosofia na saúde pública, considerando a atual pandemia de COVID-19. Conteúdo: existe uma relação entre a história da Filosofia e a da Medicina, sendo uma para tratar a alma e a outra para tratar o corpo. Assim, a Filosofia passou a ser vista como uma inserção dos valores humanitários e espiritualistas, que permitem uma conduta ética e solidária, no âmbito da saúde humana. Com o avanço científico e tecnológico, porém, esses valores começaram a ser perdidos, levando à investigação sobre a aplicação das perspectivas filosóficas no sentido de humanizar as ações de saúde pública. Realizou-se um estudo reflexivo da literatura nacional e internacional sobre a temática. Conclusão: a filosofia contribui dando significado aos cuidados em saúde. No Brasil, um pouco disso já pode ser percebido nas PICS, que têm buscado o tratamento do corpo e alma, do equilíbrio mental, emocional e espiritual.ABSTRACTObjective: to ascertain possible role of philosophy in public health in view of the current COVID-19 pandemic. Contents: there is a relationship between the history of Philosophy and of Medicine, one treating the soul and the other, the body. Thus, Philosophy has come to be seen as the introduction of humanitarian and spiritual values that permit ethical conduct in solidarity in the realm of human health. As science and technology have advanced, however, these values have begun to be lost, leading to research into the application of philosophical perspectives in order to humanize public health actions. This reflective study considered the Brazilian and international literature on the subject. Conclusion: Philosophy contributes by giving meaning to health care. This can already be seen in Brazil’s Integrative and Complementary Practices (PICS), which have sought to treat body and soul, seeking mental, emotional, and spiritual balance.RESUMENObjetivo: verificar el posible papel de la filosofía en la salud pública, teniendo en cuenta la actual pandemia de COVID-19. Contenido: hay una relación entre la historia de la Filosofía y la de la Medicina, una para tratar el alma y la otra para tratar el cuerpo. Así, la Filosofía pasó a ser vista como una inserción de los valores humanitarios y espirituales que permiten una conducta ética y solidaria, en el ámbito de la salud humana. Sin embargo, con los avances científicos y tecnológicos, estos valores comenzaron a perderse, conllevando a la investigación sobre la aplicación de perspectivas filosóficas para humanizar las acciones de salud pública. Se realizó un estudio reflexivo de la literatura nacional e internacional sobre el tema. Conclusión: la filosofía contribuye dando sentido al cuidado de la salud. En Brasil, algo de eso ya se puede ver en las PICS, que han buscado el tratamiento para el cuerpo y el alma, para el equilibrio mental, emocional y espiritual.
Monitoraggio della rinnovazione naturale di specie arboree nella foresta di Vallombrosa

&#x0D; In questo lavoro è stata esaminata la rinnovazione naturale di specie arboree forestali nella foresta di Vallombrosa in soprassuoli danneggiati dalla tempesta di vento del 2015. Il lavoro è stato condotto in quattro aree di studio che in precedenza ospitavano fustaie di abete bianco e di abete rosso. I rilievi sono stati eseguiti all’interno di transect disposti sui margini e all’interno delle aree disturbate dal vento. Dopo cinque anni dalla tempesta, nelle aree di studio è stata rilevata la presenza di rinnovazione di 11 diverse specie arboree forestali. L’abete bianco è risultata la specie più frequente, associata ad altre conifere come douglasia e pino laricio e a latifoglie decidue come faggio, castagno e cerro. La densità della rinnovazione nelle aree esaminate è compresa tra 0,68 e 1,13 piantine/m2, con un valore medio di 0,83 piantine/m2. Per l’abete bianco, l’indice di rinnovazione di Magini è risultato superiore sui margini delle aree investigate. Lo studio presenta i risultati di un’attività di monitoraggio che può aiutare a migliorare le conoscenze sulle dinamiche dei processi della rinnovazione forestale in aree disturbate da eventi estremi come le tempeste di vento.
Material solution for sustainable and affordable housing

Construction is reliant on cement-based concrete which is the most used synthetic material and the most environmentally unfriendly material. Globally concrete uses 40bn tons of sand and 40% of global energy annually. Population growth has resulted in increased demand for housing, currently around 1bn people live in slums and are in need of decent and affordable housing. Statistics on the affordability of housing showed that 11.4 % share of the EU population live in households that spent 40% or more of their “equivalised disposable income” on housing, which cannot be ignored in the EU's fight against poverty. In 2008, the EU identified Construction and demolition waste as a priority waste stream as it constituted 49% of Europe’s solid waste producing 887 million tons of waste of which less than 50% is being recycled with the rest frequently not used and landfilled because its use is time consuming, labour intensive, cost intensive and requiring important machinery. 
Oxa is a solution for construction and housing markets that targets to deliver safe and affordable housing worldwide while reducing CO2 from construction industry and introducing circular economy.  Oxa uses  materials such as Construction and demolition waste or excavation materials blended with novel Oxa, non-toxic and safe mineral-based additives to produce cement free concrete, bricks and flooring solutions.
In 2017, global market for residential building construction was €3.75 trillion and is estimated to reach €6.12trillion by 2022.
Our Phase 1 project seeks to validate the technical, commercial and financial viability of Oxa, while our Phase 2 project we will optimise our manufacturing process, get our product certified and licenced in target markets and conduct exploitation and dissemination activities.
With this project we forecast a payback period of 4 years, to make revenues of €28M by our 5th year of commercialization and ROI in 436% in 5 years  and also create about 100 new jobs in the EU.