SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Magnetomineralogy of Botswana kimberlites

The magnetic properties and mineralogy of kimberlites from four pipes (BK53, BK56, AK08, and AK06) in Botswana are studied. It is shown that magnetic characteristics of the kimberlites as well as chemical and phase compositions of the oxides from kimberlite groundmass reflect the difference in evolution of kimberlite melts and formation conditions of these bodies and are associated with the grade of these diamoniferous bodies. The relatively low-grade (0.22 carats per ton) kimberlites from the southern lobe of the AK06 pipe contain picrochromites with high chrome and low titanium contents (up to 49.4 wt % Cr2O3 with 3.9 wt % TiO2), which occur in the paramagnetic state at a temperature of T > −180°C. Their magnetic properties above room temperature are determined by titanomagnetites with the Curie point at +370 to + 500°C, which were formed at the later stages of crystallization as a result of the gradual decline in the PT-parameters. Most spinelides in the Botswana kimberlites from the low-grade pipes (below 0.07 carats per ton) were crystallized at higher PT-parameters than in the southern lobe of pipe AK06, in an environment with highly active titanium. The chromspinelides that were segregated previously turned out to be unstable, which led to the formation of magnesian-chrome and magnesian ulvospinels (15.9–29.7 wt % TiO2; 12.8–22.8 wt % MgO; 0–11.3 wt % Cr2O3; and 1.2–12.4 wt % Al2O3) with Curie points TC = −50 to −80°C. These conditions were unfavorable for preservation of chrome-spinelides and diamonds. At lower PT-parameters, a small amount of finely dispersed magnetite with a single-domain and pseudo-single domain structure was formed.
Price dynamics and market relations in solar photovoltaic silicon feedstock trades

The paper intends to provide empirical evidence on silicon feedstock price dynamics to assess the way that major photovoltaic countries—the United States of America, Germany, Japan and South Korea—are related in trade competition to China. This issue is explored by addressing the following questions: How have feedstock prices transmitted between geographically separate and contractually different markets? How have different country markets been positioned in feedstock trades by contract? What causes the failure of full price transmission or perfect market integration? Based on a careful examination of China's status in feedstock trades, the price series by country and by contract are measured with the series by country and trade pattern over a reasonable period from 2007 to 2010. The dynamic price relations are analyzed with causality, cointegration and equilibrium tests. The results exhibit dominant but differential market relations by contract. The speed and extent of price transmission are substantially higher in spot trades. The failure of perfect market equilibrium is due to the material heterogeneity and contract arrangements. These findings imply that sufficient attention should be paid to the way that different photovoltaic silicon feedstock countries have competed and the factors that work to explain price inefficiency, but not price manipulations.
Mass-Independent sulfate isotopes

The discovery of sulfur mass-independent isotopic fractionation (S-MIF) in Archean rocks older than 2.4 billion years and in stratospheric sulfate from explosive volcanic eruptions provides unique constraints on fundamental questions regarding the late oxygenation of the atmosphere, the shift from an anaerobic to aerobic environment for life, and the reconstruction of the impact of volcanic eruptions on atmospheric oxidizing capacity and climate, respectively. However, recent controversy has emerged regarding the origin of S-MIF and there is no general consensus of it. This project will explore potential processes responsible for S-MIF signals in atmospheric sulfate by using a new set of chamber experiments on SO2-oxidation related production of S-MIF, considering environmental conditions as close as possible to those of the stratosphere and the presupposed Archean atmosphere. A S-MIF isotope scheme will be developed and incorporated together with the Oxygen-MIF isotope scheme into a global 3-D chemical transport model. The model will be used to investigate the magnitude and direction of the multiple sulfur and oxygen isotope signals produced in atmospheric sulfate, strengthening the ground on which the MIF isotopic markers are used to infer information on the climate evolution of our planet. This project capitalizes the host's knowledge and experience in theory and application of MIF, method development for MIF analysis and photolysis experiments on MIF, the fellow's experience in MIF analysis, method development and chemical modeling, and the research facilities in host and secondment institutes. The fellow will gain S-MIF knowledge, new experimental skills, and strengthened state-of-the-art modeling skill. Such new knowledge and skills will significantly add to the fellow's career development. The bidirectional transfer of knowledge will diversify the fellow and the host's competence and constitute a key ingredient in pursuing the goals of this project.
Identifying Influencers in Online Social Networks

Online social networks (OSNs) are quickly becoming a key component of the Internet. With their widespread acceptance among the general public and the tremendous amount time that users spend on them, OSNs provide great potentials for marketing, especially viral marketing, in which marketing messages are spread among consumers via the word-of-mouth process. A critical task in viral marketing is influencer identification, i.e. finding a group of consumers as the initial receivers of a marketing message. Using agent-based modeling, this paper examines the effectiveness of tie strength as a criterion for influencer identification on OSNs. Results show that identifying influencers by the number of strong connections that a user has is superior to doing so by the total number of connections when the strength of strong connections is relatively high compared to that of weak connections or there is a relatively high percentage of strong connections between users. Implications of the results are discussed.
West African countries plan to strengthen health systems after Ebola

The health facilities and infrastructure put in place to help Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Guinea contain the Ebola virus disease epidemic should form the basis of a new health system, the World Health Organization has urged.

At a high level meeting on building resilient health systems at WHO’s headquarters in Geneva, many delegates said that the equipment and resources provided by non-governmental organisations and donor governments should be used for building health systems after the epidemic.

Marie-Paule Kieny, WHO’s assistant director general, told a press conference convened during the meeting that many delegates said it was too early to put a timescale on the proposal, adding, “There need to be transitional plans put in place in order to make sure these assets become a base for future growth in these countries.”

She said that building laboratory and surveillance …
Water-deficit stress effects on pistil biochemistry and leaf physiology in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, L.)

Abstract Flowering in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a sensitive stage to water-deficit stress, but the effects on metabolism are not well understood. The objective of this study was to monitor gas exchange responses of cotton plants under conditions of limited water supply and evaluate the effects on the carbohydrate concentrations and glutathione reductase levels in the cotton flower. Growth chamber experiments were conducted in 2008 and 2009, with normal day/night conditions of 32/24 °C and optimum quantities of Hoagland's nutrient solution applied until flowering. Treatments were imposed at flowering and consisted of control (Control), where optimum quantities of water were applied, and water stress (WS) where 50% of optimum quantity of water was supplied. Water-deficit stress resulted in a significant decrease in leaf stomatal conductance. Leaf photosynthetic and respiration rates were similarly decreased compared to the control. Ovary and style water potential of water-stressed leaves were significantly higher compared to the water potential of water stressed leaves, indicating that cotton flowers are fairly resistant to changes in the water status of the plant. However, carbohydrate concentrations of water-stressed pistils (ovary and style) were significantly increased compared to the control and a similar pattern was observed in the levels of glutathione reductase of water-stressed pistils. In conclusion, water-deficit stress during flowering resulted in significant decreases in leaf gas exchange functions as well as leaf water potential. Cotton pistils appeared to be less sensitive since they were able to maintain water potential similar to the control under limited water supply and increase glutathione reductase levels. However, pistil carbohydrate metabolism was significantly affected resulting in accumulation of both hexose and sucrose indicating a perturbation in sucrose cleaving and hexose utilizing enzymes that could potentially have as a consequence a decrease in fertilization and seed set efficiency.
EUROTIPO S.R.L.

BORN AS A COOPERATIVE CAEP IN 1976 FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PRINTS, FLYERS, DEPLIANTS.IN 1981 IT BECAME EUROTIPO S.N.C. SPECIALISING IN THE PRINTING OF CONTINUOUS MODULES AND DIGITALE PRINTING.IN 2009 IT BECAME EUROTIPO S.R.L. EXPANDING THE PRODUCTION ACTIVITY WITH THE REALISATION OF A WIDE RANGE OF ARTICOLI.THE BEST PARTNER SPECIALISED IN THE PRODUCTION OF PRINTED PRODUCTS, SIGNAGE AND VISUAL CAN GUARANTEE THE BEST QUALITY/PRICE RATIO POSSIBLE WITH QUALITY PRODUCTS.THE SERVICES THAT THE COMPANY OFFERS ARE SCREEN PRINTING, PAD PRINTING, DIGITAL, RESINS, OFFSET, TRANSFER AND RICAMO.PRODUCE ON BEHALF OF PRIMARY CUSTOMERS SUCH AS COOP LIGURIA, TPL, INFINEUM, A WIDE RANGE OF PRODUCTS SUCH AS TAX DOCUMENTS, STICKERS, PROMOTIONAL AND INFORMATIVE POSTERS, BANNERS, SET-UPS OF EVETRINE STANDS, ECC.SIA THE ADMINISTRATOR THAT THE DESIGNER IS ABLE TO WORK ON CAD FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROJECT, IN ADDITION TO OTHER GRAPHIC SOFTWARE PROGRAMS, AS THEY ARE ABLE TO UT
Effect of Pearl Millet Particle Size on the Performance of Broilers

Effect of feed particle size on the performance of broilers was studied. One hundred and sixty commercial broiler chicks were randomly distributed in four treatments with two replicates of twenty birds each. Ration containing 54 percent maize was used as control (T1) during starter phase (0 - 4 weeks) and 60 percent maize during finisher phase (4 - 6 weeks). The other rations were: T2- maize replaced with ground pearl (2 mm), T3- maize replaced with ground pearl millet (3mm), T4- maize replaced with pearl millet as such. Decrease in geometric mean diameter (GMD) and increase in surface area with the reduction of particle size were attributed to linear increase (P<0.05) in number of particles per gram. Geometric standard deviation (GSD) increased with large particles (3 mm) than those of small particles (2 mm). The relative proportions of coarse and medium particles decreased and that of fine particles within a sample increased linearly (P<0.05) with the decrease in pore size of the hammer mill screen. The modulus of fineness decreased (P<0.05) with the reduction in particle size. The body weight gains were highest and FCR was lowest on diets having particle size 1050μ and 966μ than those having particle size 762μ and 1261μ. Dry matter metabolizability was significantly (P<0.05) higher in treatments T2 and T3 compared to T1 and T4. Grinding of pearl millet improved (P<0.05) the nitrogen retention, which was higher than the rations based on maize. Significant (P<0.05) difference in gross energy metabolizability was observed in pearl millet based diet. Dressed yield, eviscerated yield, drawn yield, giblet yield, thigh muscle and breast muscle composition and weight (% live weight) of vital organs were similar among various treatments. It may be concluded that particle size of 1050- 1150μ of pearl millet based diet is optimum for broiler production.
Geoquímica das coberturas pedogenizadas no Planalto Dissecado do rio Uruguai – SC/RS

As coberturas superficiais constituem importante registro sedimentar que contém dados potenciais como indicadores das condições ambientais atuais e pretéritas. Com o objetivo de analisar os graus de intemperismo das formações superficiais pedogenizadas e estabelecer relações entre fatores pedológicos e geomorfológicos na gênese e transformação da paisagem natural, neste trabalho foram investigados indícios físicos e geoquímicos de 22 mantos de intemperismo (coberturas pedogenizadas) da Volta Grande, trecho do alto vale do rio Uruguai na divisa entre os Estados de Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul. Foram amostrados materiais sedimentares e pedogenizados em posições de baixa e média/alta vertente. As análises foram baseadas na descrição de características morfológicas de perfis pedológicos, análises granulométricas, datações de 14C e LOE e análises geoquímicas (índice Ki e STI) de horizontes pedogenéticos representativos do manto de intemperismo da área de estudo, representada geomorfologicamente pelo Planalto Dissecado do rio Uruguai. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que no contexto de morfogênese ativa do alto vale do rio Uruguai as coberturas pedogenizadas apresentam baixo grau de intemperismo em posições de baixa e alta vertente, incluindo os ambientes de topo e planície aluvial. Tal situação é condizente com um contexto de rejuvenescimento pedológico ao longo de todo o Holoceno, sem, no entanto, diferenciação morfológica e textural significativa das coberturas predominantemente argilo-siltosas.
New catalytic asymmetric strategies for n-heterocycle synthesis

Medicinal chemistry requires more efficient and diverse methods for the asymmetric synthesis of chiral scaffolds. Over 60% of the world’s top selling small molecule drug compounds are chiral and, of these, approximately 80% are marketed as single enantiomers. There is a compelling correlation between drug candidate “chiral complexity” and the likelihood of progression to the marketplace. Surprisingly, and despite the tremendous advances made in catalysis over the past several decades, the “chiral complexity” of drug discovery libraries has actually decreased, while, at the same time, for the reasons mentioned above, the “chiral complexity” of marketed drugs has increased. Since the mid-1990s, there has been a notable acceleration of this “complexity divergence”. Consequently, there is now an urgent need to provide efficient processes that directly access privileged chiral scaffolds. It is our philosophy that catalysis holds the key here and new processes should be based upon platforms that can exert control over both absolute and relative stereochemistry.  In this proposal we outline the development of a range of N-heteroannulation processes based upon the catalytic generation and trapping of unique or unusual classes of organometallic intermediate derived from transition metal insertion into C-C and C-N sigma-bonds. We will provide a variety of enabling methodologies and demonstrate applicability in flexible total syntheses of important natural product scaffolds. The processes proposed are synthetically flexible, operationally simple and amenable to asymmetric catalysis. Likely starting points, based upon preliminary results, will set the stage for the realisation of aspirational and transformative goals. Through the study of the organometallic intermediates involved here, there is potential to generalise these new catalytic manifolds, such that this research will transcend N heterocyclic chemistry to provide enabling methods for organic chemistry as a whole.
System architecture and conceptual data model for railway, common data dictionary and global system modelling specifications

European Railway operators are under pressure to decrease their life cycle cost, to increase significantly their reliability and punctuality, to be more adaptive to different services. The European railway system remaining very fragmented in terms of technologies, the adoption of new technologies and the renewal of former technologies are not quicker enough for the railway mode to answer rightly to the public policy needs. Research and innovation has a part to play in achieving these goals by giving to the datas and their models and further the definition of a global railway system architecture as it is developing in other transport modes and industries the relevant roles that will support the necessary evolutions. The undergoing LinX4Rail project sets the grounds for a shared vision of the railway system architecture, as well as the development of the Conceptual Data Model (CDM) which will enable different simulation or operational subsystems to run together, which paves the way to building a shared and interoperable architecture. The objectives of LINX4RAIL-2 are:
• To manage the follow-up of the existing work on System Architecture and Conceptual Data Model (CDM) carried out in the on-going LinX4Rail project, aiming at a large adoption for the European railways sector,
• To ensure wider uptake of results from LinX4Rail by proving the performance of the proposal methodology and vision and by evaluating the impacts, taking into account the business case,
• To establish a single ‘repository’ for System Architecture and CDM with a well-developed sustainability plan,
• To adopt a common vision for the functional railway vision able to transform the Europe railway system.
ANALYSIS OF LIGHT INTENSITY DATA BY THE DMSP/OLS SATELLITE IMAGE USING EXISTING SPATIAL DATA FOR MONITORING HUMAN ACTIVITY IN JAPAN

Abstract. The main objective of this research is to show how much can be monitored various human activities using night light images by the DMSP/OLS from NOAA/NGDC. In Japan, various human activities can be monitored easily without satellite images because we can use many kinds of detailed spatial dataset and statistics. On the other hand detailed spatial data are not developed adequately especially in developing countries. Night light images by the DMSP/OLS can help to monitor them in such countries. Therefore we discuss how to use night light images of the DMSP/OLS for this objective in Tohoku region, Japan. Human activates were explained by 3 factors, i.e. road distribution, accumulation of buildings and dynamic population. These data and light images of the DMSP/OLS were resampled into the same aggregate unit and compared with a light intensity of the DMSP/OLS. In addition it is shown which factor of human activates explains the light intensity more clear than other factors by multiple regression analyses using all factors. Results of multiple regression analyses show that impacts by road distribution are strong in urban and suburban areas and impacts by building are strong in rural areas. Impacts by dynamic population are weak in all areas. Finally estimated images of light intensities were developed using results of multiple regression analysis and they were compared with the actual image of light intensity. The compared result shows that tendency of spatial distribution of the light intensity by the estimated result agrees rather well with tendency by the DMSP/OLS.
Uloga svijesti u životinjskoj komunikaciji

The present thesis examines the role of consciousness in animal communication. Although consciousness is commonly ascribed to humans, the possibility of animal consciousness has become a heatedly debated topic. As it is typically argued, there are several levels of consciousness, the highest level, the so called higher-order consciousness, being the distinctive feature of humans, while there is no agreement on what type of consciousness can be ascribed to different non-human animals. On the other side, there is a high degree of agreement, among scientists and laypersons alike, on the fact that animals communicate successfully, and that communication facilitates the execution of their basic biological functions. The goal of the present thesis is to examine the connection between the two phenomena – consciousness and communication – in cases of our animal cousins: what type of consciousness is peculiar to distinct animal species, at which stage of evolutionary development has consciousness occurred, and what was the role of communication in this development. With help of numerous examples, and with references to contemporary studies, it is shown that some non-human animals manifest such conscious states – higher-order conscious states, in particular – which can undoubtedly be ascribed exclusively to humans. In addition, the role of such states in advanced forms of animal communication will be elucidated, together with the selection pressures that have determined the development of a neural system sustaining intentional communication acts and their recognition by conspecifics.
Customer Needs and Customer Satisfaction Analysis in a Textile Dyeing Process

Selection of potential critical quality attributes for customer’s satisfaction with considerations of producer’s capacity necessitates logical prioritization of customer needs. A few major challenges remain unaddressed for customer need analysis, such as quantitative measure of customer satisfaction, decision support, and capacity assessment of the producers. This paper presents a customer preference analysis for customer need and satisfaction, following the basic principles of traditional Kano model. This customer preference analysis quantifies the customer need and customer satisfaction. It adopts the customer preference indices for measuring customer's satisfaction and dissatisfaction. The relative weight of the potential critical quality attributes are calculated based the customer preference indices. The management makes sure their capacity to provide this satisfactory preference to the customers. The overall customer preference analysis framework addresses the customer need analysis from a broader scenario, such that the customizable potential critical quality attributes can be better managed at the experimental design planning.
Effects of acidic conditions on the physiology of a green alga (Micractiniumsp.) before and after a 5-year interaction withTetrahymena thermophilain an experimental microcosm

The mechanisms through which algae evolve physiological characteristics related to endosymbiotic associations with heterotrophic organisms remain unclear. We previously showed that a green alga (Micractinium sp.) was able to evolve a host (ciliate)-benefiting phenotype that prolonged the longevity of Tetrahymena thermophila in the absence of bacteria during a 5-year culture period in an experimental microcosm. Comparative experiments between the ancestral alga (i.e. original) and evolved algal clones of the same lineage can be performed to analyse the mechanisms that underlie algal evolution during interactions with ciliates. Here, we investigated the effects of acidic conditions on algal physiology because the acidic conditions within the food vacuoles of Tetrahymena could potentially affect algal evolution during long-term interactions. It might be expected that algal clones isolated from T. thermophila hosts would have developed the ability to resist acidic conditions in order to establish within the h...