SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SAFETY TESTING OPTICAL SYSTEMS FOR HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS

A method of determining the ignition characteristics of an optical source emitting optical power into a hazardous environment includes providing a chamber and a tapered optical fiber having an input end and an output end, wherein the output end has a smaller diameter than the input end. The output end of the tapered fiber is disposed within the chamber and the input end of the tapered fiber is optically coupled to the optical source for receiving optical power therefrom. Power is first applied to the tapered fiber and the power output at the tapered fiber output end measured. Then a target is applied to the tapered fiber output end, and the chamber is filled with the desired gas/air mixture and the same power applied to the tapered fiber. After power is applied for a period of time, a determination is made whether or not the gas/air mixture ignited.
The role of let-7 in cell differentiation and cancer

MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are small noncoding RNAs capable of regulating gene expression at the translational level. Current evidence suggests that a significant portion of the human genome is regulated by microRNAs, and many reports have demonstrated that microRNA expression is deregulated in human cancer. The let-7 family of microRNAs, first discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans , is functionally conserved from worms to humans. The human let-7 family contains 13 members located on nine different chromosomes, and many human cancers have deregulated let-7 expression. A growing body of evidence suggests that restoration of let-7 expression may be a useful therapeutic option in cancers, where its expression has been lost. In this review, we discuss the role of let-7 in normal development and differentiation, and provide an overview of the relationship between deregulated let-7 expression and tumorigenesis. The regulation of let-7 expression, cancer-relevant let-7 targets, and the relationship between let-7 and drug sensitivity are highlighted.
HUBUNGAN HIGIENE SANITASI PENJAMAH MAKANAN DENGAN JUMLAH BAKTERI PADA MINUMAN NIRA AREN DI MOJOKERTO SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR BIOLOGI

Palm sap beverage is a beverage made from sap that has sweet taste, clear color and good smell. Many people are interested in this beverage due to its cheap price that is 2000-2500 rupiahs for each cup. The chemical composition of palm sap is very complete namely sucrose, ash, fat level, water and carbohydrate. The sweet taste of palm sap is caused by the quiet high sugar content (more/less 12%) so that it is easily broken and contaminated during retention period. The lack of food handlers in keeping sanitation hygiene can be at risk of causing bacterial contamination of food. The influential factor in bacterial contamination of food is the food handler. 
The objective of the research was to know the correlation between the food handler sanitation hygiene and the number of bacteria in legen beverage (palm sap). This research was observational research, where the researcher only observed without intervening the variables that would be examined and the approach used was cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used in this research was simple random sampling technique. The sampling was carried out on 10 food handlers of legen spread over Mojokerto from morning to noon. The data collection method used was observation sheets and the result of the number of bacteria from the laboratory. The data analysis technique used was product moment correlation analysis.

The research result showed that there was a correlation between the food handler and the number of bacteria in legen beverage (palm sap). All samples of the legen beverage contained a number of bacteria that exceeded the standard limit of contamination and also the assessment of the sanitation hygiene of food handlers were still very low. Based on the results of the correlation analysis done manually, it showed very strong correlation between the sanitation hygiene of food handlers and the number of bacteria in nira beverage.
MASTER SUBSTRATE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A HIGH-DENSITY RELIEF STRUCTURE

The present invention relates to a master substrate (10) for optical recording comprising a recording layer (12) and a substrate layer (14), the recording layer comprises a growth dominated phase-change material, the chemical properties with respect to chemical agents of which may be altered due to a phase change induced by projecting light on the recording layer. For tracking purposes, the substrate layer comprises pre-grooves (16). The present invention further relates to a method of manufacturing a stamper for replicating a high-density relief structure.
Relationships between University Performances and Economic Growth

Universities play an important role in the economic development - knowledge economy. Previous studies proposition that universities significantly contribute to the economic development of the countries. Countries implement policies to efficiently connect higher education and the economy. This study explores the relationships between the university performances measured by the world university rankings and the gross domestic product. We employed the data from the World Bank and two university rankings for a period of 2011-2016. We ran correlation analysis followed by t-test analysis for confirming the linear and non-linear relationship. For robustness, we used chi-squared test for independence. The result shows there is a positive non-linear relationship between university performances and GDP. Indicators for citation and research suggests the quality of the research matters more than the mere research and publications. We may conclude that the “research quality” of the university intensive in researching can contribute indirectly to the economic development of the countries.
Single molecule sequencing and biophysical properties of oxidized genomic dna using magnetic tweezers.

Next-generation DNA sequencing technologies are at the core of modern molecular biology and are rapidly entering the technological arsenal for personalized medicine. The recent explosion of sequencing technologies has provided researchers with various solutions to fit their sequencing needs, with a large spectrum of costs and limitations. However, most sequencing methods use enzymatic duplication of DNA to generate a strong enough sequencing signal. Therefore, chemical modifications potentially present on native bases are lost, and with them, an entire level of epigenetic information about. Although some workarounds are emerging, they are indirect, costly, and not yet amenable for the targeted sequencing of a given native genomic locus or biophysical analysis of the modified DNA. Given the need to understand the epigenetic layer of genetic information, I propose to develop a reliable and cheap method to map, at the single-molecule resolution, the epigenetic status of a genomic DNA locus of interest. This will be achieved through biochemical capture of this locus using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and its epigenetic sequencing via single-molecule manipulation by magnetic tweezers. In addition to identifying the nature and the position of the modified bases at a given genomic DNA locus, I will use this magnetic tweezer technology to address fundamental questions about the effect of epigenetic modifications on the biophysical properties of DNA (formation of DNA structures and protein interactions). Specifically, I will focus on 8-oxoguanine, for which there is increasing interest since it is a hallmark of degenerative pathologies like cancer or Alzheimer’s Disease, and since it has recently entered the known epigenetic arsenal. This project has great potential applications in medical diagnosis. It will give me a first-hand experience in developing a cutting-edge technology, which will be of great benefit to my future independent research career.
Technical Efficiency of Small-Scale Honey Producer in Ethiopia: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis

Ethiopian farmers have a long tradition of beekeeping and the country has huge potential for honey production. However traditional mode of production still dominate the sub sector which negatively affect the total production and productivity. A number of studies has been conducted to better understand the working honey production however none of them systematically investigate the extent of technical efficiency of the sub-sector. This paper uses Stochastic Frontier production model to quantifying the extent of technical efficiency and identify exogenous determinant of inefficiency. The result showed that consistent with other studies traditional practice dominate small scale honey production in Ethiopia. The finding also revealed that use of purchased inputs such as bee forage and other supplement is very limited among honey producers indicating that natural bee forage is the primary source of bee forage. The immediate consequence of all these is low production and productivity. The number of hives the household owns, whether the household used improved apiculture technologies, availability of natural forest which is the primary sources of nectar for bees and amount of land owned by the households were found to have a significant influence on the amount of honey produced by beekeeper. Our result further showed that the mean technical efficiency of honey producers is 0.79 implying that, on average honey producer produce 80 percent of the maximum output. The implication is that 20 percent of the potential output is lost due to technical inefficiency. Number of hives owned by a honey produces, distance to district town-a proxy to market access, household wealth, and whether the household head has a leadership role in the PA affect the technical efficiency of honey producers. The finding suggest that policies that aim to expand the use of improved hives is expected to increase the honey production at household level. The result also suggest that investment on rural infrastructure would be instrumental in improving technical efficiency of honey producer.
Visual Cryptography Vs Bit Level Secret Sharing For Image Encryption

Secret sharing is a scheme used to distribute secret among a group of users. Rather than making duplicated copies of secrets among users, the secret is divided into a number of pieces, called shares. The secret can be revealed if a certain number of user shares are combined. The method proposed here (i)utilizes bit-level decomposition and stacking operations to both encrypt and decrypt B-bit image, (ii) preserves all the features of traditional (k, n) sharing schemes, (iii) allows for perfect reconstruction of the input B-bit image, (iv) encrypts binary, gray-scale and color images, and (v) can be effectively implemented either in software or hardware.
A comparison of broad-spectrum and narrow-spectrum dry cow therapy used alone and in combination with a teat sealant

The dry period is a critical time in the lactation cycle, offering the optimum time for cure of existing intramammary infection (IMI), while also encompassing the periods of highest susceptibility to new intramammary infection. Until recent years, intramammary infection in the dry period has been controlled with the use of antibiotic dry cow therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate 3 different dry cow therapy regimens, in low-somatic cell count (SCC; bulk milk SCC<250,000 cells/mL) herds in southwest England. A total of 489 cows was recruited to the study and randomly allocated to receive either the broad-spectrum antibiotic cefquinome, a combination treatment comprising the narrow-spectrum antibiotic cloxacillin and an internal teat sealant, or the narrow-spectrum antibiotic cloxacillin alone. All quarters were sampled for bacteriology at drying off and again in the week immediately postcalving; 2 quarters were also sampled 2 wk before the estimated calving date to allow an assessment of infection dynamics during the dry period. Quarters were subsequently monitored for clinical mastitis for the first 100 d of lactation. Conventional multilevel (random effects) models were constructed to assess the efficacy of products in preventing IMI. Survival analysis was used to examine factors that influenced the risk of clinical mastitis using conventional Cox proportional hazards models. No differences were identified between the treatment groups in terms of cure of IMI caused by the major pathogens. Quarters in both the combination and cefquinome-treated groups were more likely to be free of a major pathogen or enterobacterial pathogen postcalving. With respect to clinical mastitis, the cefquinome-treated group was less likely to develop clinical mastitis than was the cloxacillin treated group.
The Impact of Climate Change on the Socioeconomic System: A Mechanistic Analysis

This research is based on the opinion that the temporal and spatial scales of climate change and those of the impact on the economic system should match. Based on this idea, we discuss how climate change influences the economic system through different temporal and spatial scales. Climate warming has a significant impact on the system in terms of factors operating at inter-decadal scales, such as the cryosphere, sea level rise, water resources, land cover/ecosystems, microbiology and human health, but has almost no effect on the system in terms of factors that have diurnal, seasonal and interannual cycles, such as the economy. The economic system is not directly influenced by climate change because of the mismatch in their temporal scales. However, the indirect impacts of climate change, such as the increasing frequency of extreme events and human adaptation, have a much greater influence on the economic system.
Can economic incentives enhance adoption and use of a household energy technology? Evidence from a pilot study in Cambodia

While much work has examined approaches to increase uptake of a variety of household environmental, health and energy technologies, researchers and policymakers alike have struggled to ensure long-term use. Drawing on a pilot-scale experiment conducted in rural Cambodia, this study evaluates whether economic incentives enhance continued use of—and fuel savings from—improved cookstoves (ICS). Capital-cost subsidies that have been traditionally employed to enhance ICS adoption were augmented with rebates linked to stated and objectively measured use in order to investigate impacts on both initial and sustained adoption in the treatment group. Results show that households do respond to these rebates by adopting the intervention ICS at significantly higher rates, and by using it more frequently and for longer periods. Consistent with these stove-use patterns, solid-fuel use and time spent collecting or preparing fuels also decline. However, this effect appears to diminish over time. Thus, while economic inducements may significantly increase adoption and use of new environmental health technologies, corresponding reductions in environmental or livelihood burdens are not guaranteed. Additional research on the design and implementation of incentive-based interventions targeting households directly—such as carbon financing or other forms of results-based financing (RBF) for improved cookstoves—therefore seems warranted prior to wider implementation of such solutions.
Assessment of Tumor Size Reduction Improves Outcome Prediction of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography After Chemotherapy in Advanced-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma

Purpose Positron emission tomography (PET) after chemotherapy can guide consolidating radiotherapy in advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). This analysis aims to improve outcome prediction by integrating additional criteria derived by computed tomography (CT). Patients and Methods The analysis set consisted of 739 patients with residues ≥ 2.5 cm after chemotherapy from a total of 2,126 patients treated in the HD15 trial (HD15 for advanced stage Hodgkin's disease: Quality assurance protocol for reduction of toxicity and the prognostic relevance of fluorodeoxyglucose-positron-emission tomography [FDG-PET] in the first-line treatment of advanced-stage Hodgkin's disease) performed by the German Hodgkin Study Group. A central panel performed image analysis and interpretation of CT scans before and after chemotherapy as well as PET scans after chemotherapy. Prognosis was evaluated by using progression-free survival (PFS); groups were compared with the log-rank test. Potential prognostic factors were investigated by using receiver operating characteristic analysis and logistic regression. Results In all, 548 (74%) of 739 patients had PET-negative residues after chemotherapy; these patients did not receive additional radiotherapy and showed a 4-year PFS of 91.5%. The 191 PET-positive patients (26%) receiving additional radiotherapy had a 4-year PFS of 86.1% (P = .022). CT alone did not allow further separation of patients in partial remission by risk of recurrence (P = .9). In the subgroup of the 54 PET-positive patients with a relative reduction of less than 40%, the risk of progression or relapse within the first year was 23.1% compared with 5.3% for patients with a larger reduction (difference, 17.9%; 95% CI, 5.8% to 30%). Conclusion Patients with HL who have PET-positive residual disease after chemotherapy and poor tumor shrinkage are at high risk of progression or relapse.
A droplet microfluidic system for continuous in vivo evolution.

Droplet microfluidics has recently become one of the breakthrough technologies for high throughput screening in microbiology and biochemistry, including single cell studies and new approaches to in vitro evolution. Here we propose a development of a novel microfluidic system for unsupervised execution of multiple cycles of in vivo continuous evolution in hundreds of thousands of picoliter droplets. Each evolutionary cycle will comprise: i) encapsulation of single bacteria cells in water-in-oil compartments ii) growth of the cells coupled with production of economically relevant biomolecules iii) selection of the most efficient populations using ultra-high-throughput sorting of picodroplets, iv) dilution of each population via merging with 100 times larger nanoliter droplet containing fresh nutrients and v) passive splitting of each of the resulting nanoliter droplets to the libraries of picoliter droplets containing single cells. Confinement of the reaction in small volume and active sorting of droplets will facilitate and accelerate the process of in vivo evolution. Droplet format will also enable for various screening schemes, so far not available for continuous evolution strategies – e.g. based on high throughput fluorescence or absorbance measurements of the droplet content. The second stage of the project will comprise a series of proof-of-concept experiments presenting directed continuous evolution of the tryptophan synthase (TrpS) in E.coli bacteria. The technology proposed here would be very useful for broad community of biotechnologists, evolutionary biologists and industrial specialists without the experience in microfluidics. The proposed research will be conducted at Dr. Hollfelder´s laboratory that specializes in directed evolution of enzymes and application of microfluidics to industrial biotechnology. The project comprise broad and extensive training in research and complementary soft skills that will aid professional development of the Beneficiary.
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR INSTALLING WINDOWS AND DOORS IN TIMBER FRAME CONSTRUCTION

A timber frame panel (10) comprising a plurality of framing members (14, 16) which form a perimeter of a window opening (12), wherein at least one of the framing members (14, 16) has guidance means (40) provided thereon, and wherein the timber frame panel (10) includes a window unit 30 slidably attached to said at least one of the framing members (14, 16) by said guidance means (40) such that the entire window unit (30) can move from a first position substantially within the timber frame panel (10) to a second position in which part of the window unit (30) projects beyond the timber frame panel (10).
Gravitational light deflection in Earth-based laser cavity experiments

As known from Einstein's theory of general relativity, the propagation of light in the presence of a massive object is affected by gravity. In this work, we discuss whether the effect of gravitational light bending can be observed in Earth-based experiments, using high-finesse optical cavities. In order to do this, we theoretically investigate the dynamics of electromagnetic waves in the spacetime of a homogeneous gravitational field and give an analytical expression for the resulting modifications to Gaussian beam propagation. This theoretical framework is used to calculate the intensity profile at the output of a Fabry-P\'erot cavity and to estimate the imprints of Earth's gravity on the cavity output signal. In particular, we found that gravity causes an asymmetry of the output intensity profile. Based on that, we discuss a measurement scheme, that could be realized in facilities like the GEO600 gravitational wave detector and the AEI 10 m detector prototype.
Development and testing of a reference computational platform for understanding biomolecular recognition

Due to its fundamental regulatory role, molecular recognition has been extensively studied by both experiments and
simulations. During the last 30 years impressive technical advances allowed significant progress in understanding molecular
recognition mechanisms. However, the matter is far from settled and contradictory reports are still appearing in the literature.
Lately, I have been studying these processes using a combination of computational and experimental approaches in
different systems. Here I propose to study several representative model systems in great details, taking advantages of new force fields, DFT functionals and enhanced sampling algorithms recently emerged. These systems are small enough to allow the use of state-of-the-art simulation techniques; still they are sufficiently complex not only to mimic the behaviour of far larger systems but also to use apparently different mechanisms. Indeed, their molecular recognition needs complex conformational changes, the re-arrangement
of water molecules in the binding cavity, and an active role of the ligand in the binding/release mechanisms. The overarching
objective of my proposal is to learn the state-of-the-art enhanced sampling techniques developed at UCL and combine them
with QM/MM approaches to: i) understand how bio-molecular recognition works in both isoforms, ii) fully characterize the
thermodynamics and kinetic processes that govern them and iii) validate the computational approaches against high-quality
experimental data. If successful, the in-depth understanding of the molecular binding mechanism will shed light on an
intriguing and important biological system and provide a much needed benchmark to the computational community. This
challenging but feasible project will have a far reaching impact on a number of H2020 priority areas, including drug discovery
and bio-molecular engineering.