SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Strategic tools towards a sustainable use of biomass for low carbon domestic heating

In the Alpine Region (AR) there is a need to support a better use of local resources and an increase of energy self-sufficiency while reducing impacts on climate and the environment (EUSALP,AG9).Biomass is a local and affordable RES and its combustion avoids fossil CO2 atmospheric emissions.For these reasons biomass use is strategic in the AR.Nevertheless, Biomass Burning (BB) leads to consistent particulate matter (PM) emissions, often unknown to population and local administrators.Actually, PM has an impact on natural ecosystems, on human health but even on climate change considering Black Carbon concentrations contained in PM emitted from BB. The main project objective is thus the development of transnational policies for a sustainable use of biomass for domestic heating (aligned to the Alpine Space SO2.1)to minimize the above cited impacts and improve a smart use of this resource in the AR.The project will focus on innovative open-source and interactive approaches for the awareness raising of citizens and local administrators about the critical aspects linked to BB and on the definition of strategic technological, economical and regulative tools to reduce the impact of BB in the Alpine valleys.The impact of the application of selected policies (following a participated search for potential solutions even involving citizens) will be evaluated through modelling activities.Innovative sustainable business models will ensure long term success of the defined solutions.The development of shared policy-relevant documents will favour the application of harmonized regulations for a sustainable use of biomass in the AR. Foreseeing the integrated collaboration of partners from 6 Countries of the AR and a large network of observers the project will drive an important behavioural,technological, environmental and regulative change in this Region but even at EU level since no common regulations at EU level actually exist for small scale biomass appliances.
Oxygen utilization rate (OUR) underestimates ocean respiration: A model study

We use a simple 1-D model representing an isolated density surface in the ocean and 3-D global ocean biogeochemical models to evaluate the concept of computing the subsurface oceanic oxygen utilization rate (OUR) from the changes of apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) and water age. The distribution of AOU in the ocean is not only the imprint of respiration in the ocean's interior but is strongly influenced by transport processes and eventually loss at the ocean surface. Since AOU and water age are subject to advection and diffusive mixing, it is only when they are affected both in the same way that OUR represents the correct rate of oxygen consumption. This is the case only when advection prevails or with uniform respiration rates, when the proportions of AOU and age are not changed by transport. In experiments with the 1-D tube model, OUR underestimates respiration when maximum respiration rates occur near the outcrops of isopycnals and overestimates when maxima occur far from the outcrops. Given the distribution of respiration in the ocean, i.e., elevated rates near high-latitude outcrops of isopycnals and low rates below the oligotrophic gyres, underestimates are the rule. Integrating these effects globally in three coupled ocean biogeochemical and circulation models, we find that AOU-over-age based calculations underestimate true model respiration by a factor of 3. Most of this difference is observed in the upper 1000 m of the ocean with the discrepancies increasing toward the surface where OUR underestimates respiration by as much as factor of 4.
INPUT MODULE AND CENTRAL CONTROL UNIT FOR A SWITCHING SYSTEM AND SWITCHING SYSTEM THEREOF

The embodiments of the invention relate to an input module (IM-1, IM-2, IM-3, …, IM-N) for a switching system (RSS). The input module (IM-1, IM-2, IM-3, …, IM-N) contains at least one input port configured to receive at least one input data stream. The input module (IM-1, IM-2, IM-3, …, IM-N) further contains a processing unit configured to determine, whether a data rate of the at least one input data stream to be transmitted from the input module (IM-1, IM-2, IM-3, …, IM-N) to one of at least two output modules (OM-1, OM-2, OM-3, …, OM-N) of the switching system (RSS) via an optical transmission path by a fixed wavelength optical signal having a fixed wavelength exceeds a maximum transmission capacity of the optical transmission path. The input module (IM-1, IM-2, IM-3, …, IM-N) even further contains a packet switching module configured to switch at least first data packets of the at least one input data stream to the optical transmission path and to switch at least second data packets of the at least one input data stream to at least one further optical transmission path from the input module (IM-1, IM-2, IM-3, …, IM-N) to the one of the at least two output modules(OM-1, OM-2, OM-3, …, OM-N), when the data rate of the at least one input data stream exceeds the maximum transmission capacity. The input module (IM-1, IM-2, IM-3, …, IM-N) even further contains at least one fixed wavelength optical transmitter module configured to transmit via the optical transmission path the fixed wavelength optical signal that carryies the at least first data packets and even further contains at least one tunable wavelength optical transmitter module reconfigurable to transmit via the at least one further optical transmission path a tunable wavelength optical signal having a tunable wavelength and carrying the at least second data packets. The embodiments further relate to a central control unit(CCU)for a switching system (RSS) and to a switching system (RSS).
Leo the Great on the Supremacy of the Bishop of Rome

Pope Leo the Great built his rationale for the supreme authority of the bishop of Rome on an existing tradition, yet with his additions he developed a theoretical rationale for later papal claims to absolute and supreme power in the ecclesiastical and secular realms. Previous bishops and church leaders had laid increasing stress on the unique role of the Apostle Peter as the founder of the Roman churches and episcopacy, the significance of the Roman bishop as Peter’s successor, and the apostolic significance of the city and episcopacy of Rome. Yet Leo’s rationale for the absolute control and power of the Roman bishop was founded on the ideas that Peter was still present and active in his successors, all ecclesiastical authority was mediated through him, Rome as a ecclesial monarchy was supposed to rule supreme above all churches, and Peter with his successors were to rule the universal church.
Optimal Structure Design of Multi-functional Folding Drawing Board based on TRIZ Theory

In drawing area, aiming at the problems of drawing breadth and angle cannot be adjusted individually and not convenient to carry, a kind of multi-functional folding drawing board is designed by us. The appearance of the multi-functional folding drawing board is kind of drawing board, some light materials like basswood and rigid plastics are used in main structure of the drawing board to make it light and convenient to carry. The main structure can be folded and it is suitable for A1 and A2 drawings. In the designing procedure, dip angle adjusted mechanism by worm wheel and gear, magnetic pull-in mechanism, leading rail, slide-way, drawer, tool library, paper bag and horn locks are applied based on modularity designing theory. Finite element analysis of key components of drawing board is analyzed.
Capacity with a positive environmental and societal footprint: ports in the future era

Ports are essential for the European economy; 74% of goods exported or imported to the EU are transported via its seaports. At the same time, the challenges they face are only getting greater: Volumes of cargo increase while they also arrive in a shrinking number of vessels: Post-Panamax vessels have a capacity of more than 18k containers. Port operators need to comply with increasingly stricter environmental regulations and societal views for sustainability. A sustainable land-use strategy in and around the port and a strategic transition to new, service-based, management models that improve capacity and efficiency are paramount. They are key enablers for ports that want to keep pace with the ocean carriers needs and establish themselves as trans-shipment hubs with a ‘societal license to operate’; for ports whose land strategy, hinterland accessibility and operations are underpinned by circular economy principles. COREALIS proposes a strategic, innovative framework, supported by disruptive technologies, including IoT, data analytics, next generation traffic management and 5G,for modern ports to handle future capacity, traffic, efficiency and environmental challenges. It respects their limitations regarding the port land, intermodal infrastructure and terminal operation. It proposes beyond state of the art innovations to increase efficiency and optimize land-use, while being financially viable, respecting circular economy and being of service to the city. Through COREALIS, the port will minimize its environmental footprint to the city, it will decrease disturbance to local population through a reduction in the congestion around the port. It will be a pillar of business innovation, promoting local startups in disruptive technologies of mutual interest. COREALIS innovations are key both for the major deep sea European ports in view of the new mega-vessel era, but also relevant for medium sized ports with limited investment funds for infrastructure and automation.
Investigation of the Chemical Changes from Crude and Processed Paeoniae Radix Alba-Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma Herbal Pair Extracts by Using Q Exactive High-Performance Benchtop Quadrupole-Orbitrap LC-MS/MS

The Paeoniae Radix Alba-Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma herbal pair is mainly used for regulating the functions of liver and spleen, benefiting qi , and nourishing blood. However, the bioactive compounds for the pharmacological activities of the crude and processed Paeoniae Radix Alba-Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma herbal pair extracts are still unclear to date. In the present study, Q Exactive high-performance benchtop quadrupole-Orbitrap LC-MS/MS was applied to identify the complicated components from crude and processed Paeoniae Radix Alba, crude and processed Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, and their crude and processed herbal pair extracts. 123 and 101 compounds were identified in crude and processed Paeoniae Radix Alba samples, respectively. Meanwhile, 32 and 26 compounds were identified in crude and processed Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma samples, respectively. In the crude and processed Paeoniae Radix Alba-Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma herbal pair extracts, co-decoction could significantly change the chemical composition of Paeoniae Radix Alba and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma in solution. The developed method may provide a scientific foundation for deeply elucidating the processing and compatibility mechanism of Paeoniae Radix Alba and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma.
Elektromechanischer Bremskraftverstärker und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektromechanischen Bremskraftverstärkers

Die Erfindung betrifft einen elektromechanischen Bremskraftverstärker für ein Fahrzeug mit einem Fahrerkraftübertragungselement (10), welches mittels einer Fahrerbremskraft (F) um einen ersten Verstellweg verstellbar ist, und einem Verstärkerkraftübertragungselement (14), welches mittels einer Motorkraft (F) eines Motors (16) um einen zweiten Verstellweg verfahrbar ist, wobei der elektromechanische Bremskraftverstärker mit einem Aussteuerpunkt ausgebildet ist, und wobei ein elastisches Element (26) derart an dem Verstärkerkraftübertragungselement (14) befestigt ist, dass ein Kontakt zwischen dem Fahrerkraftübertragungselement (10) und dem elastischen Element (26) bis zu dem Aussteuerpunkt unterbunden ist, während ab Überschreiten des Aussteuerpunkts das mittels der Fahrerbremskraft (F) verstellte Fahrerkraftübertragungselement (10) das elastische Element (26) kontaktiert und unter Komprimierung des elastischen Elements (26) eine Mitnehmbewegung des Verstärkerkraftübertragungselements (14) auslöst. Ebenso betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektromechanischen Bremskraftverstärkers eines Fahrzeugs.
Current Research and Opportunities to Address Environmental Asbestos Exposures

Asbestos-related diseases continue to result in approximately 120,000 deaths every year in the United States and worldwide. Although extensive research has been conducted on health effects of occupational exposures to asbestos, many issues related to environmental asbestos exposures remain unresolved. For example, environmental asbestos exposures associated with a former mine in Libby, Montana, have resulted in high rates of nonoccupational asbestos-related disease. Additionally, other areas with naturally occurring asbestos deposits near communities in the United States and overseas are undergoing investigations to assess exposures and potential health risks. Some of the latest public health, epidemiological, and basic research findings were presented at a workshop on asbestos at the 2014 annual meeting of the Society of Toxicology in Phoenix, Arizona. The following focus areas were discussed: a) mechanisms resulting in fibrosis and/or tumor development; b) relative toxicity of different forms of asbestos and other hazardous elongated mineral particles (EMPs); c) proper dose metrics (e.g., mass, fiber number, or surface area of fibers) when interpreting asbestos toxicity; d) asbestos exposure to susceptible populations; and e) using toxicological findings for risk assessment and remediation efforts. The workshop also featured asbestos research supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Better protection of individuals from asbestos-related health effects will require stimulation of new multidisciplinary research to further our understanding of what constitutes hazardous exposures and risk factors associated with toxicity of asbestos and other hazardous EMPs (e.g., nanomaterials).
Implementierung eines IT-Systems zur Automatisierung und Optimierung von Geschäftsprozessen.

Das Hauptziel des Projekts besteht darin, die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit des Antragstellers zu erhöhen, indem der Einsatz von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT) in Geschäftsprozessen, die im Unternehmen durchgeführt werden, erhöht wird. Als Ergebnis des Projekts wird der Antragsteller in der Lage sein, Management-, Betriebs- und Nebenprozesse auf Basis modernster Informations- und Kommunikationslösungen durchzuführen, wodurch sie optimiert und automatisiert werden. Im Rahmen des Projekts wird ein integriertes ERP-System und ein elektronischer Dokumentenumlauf umgesetzt. Innovation der Lösung besteht darin, einzelne Geschäftsfelder in ein synchronisiertes IT-System zu integrieren, um Informationen vollständig auszutauschen und zu analysieren und innovative Technologien zu nutzen. Die im Rahmen des Projekts getätigten Investitionen entsprechen dem B2B- und dem B2E-Modell. Der Umfang des Projekts umfasst den Erwerb von notwendigen immateriellen Vermögenswerten, Anlagegütern, Dienstleistungen und Schulungen zum Betrieb des IT-Systems.
Noble metal loaded oxygen-deficient mesoporous tungsten trioxide for green catalysis under solar light

With the increasingly serious energy and environmental problems caused by the combustion of fossil fuels, the development of efficient solar light driven photocatalysts for green chemical synthesis is an urgent task at present. In this project, the synthesis and solar light driven green catalytic applications of noble metal (Au, Pd, or Au-Pd) loaded oxygen deficient mesoporous tungsten trioxide are proposed. The objectives of this research proposal are to use the as-prepared photocatalysts for the high selective synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from water and molecular oxygen without the usage of hydrogen gas, and to use the in-situ formed hydrogen peroxide for directly oxidation of alcohols and primary carbon-hydrogen bonds in toluene with high selectivity under solar light. A series of mesoporous tungsten trioxide can be facilely prepared by a hard template replicating method using mesoporous silica as template and phosphotungstic acid as a precursor. Oxygen deficient mesoporous tungsten trioxide will be prepared by hydrogenation treatment under different temperature. The interconnected mesopores in tungsten trioxide are beneficial for the adsorption of noble metal precursors. Noble metal nanocrystals would be formed by in-situ reduction on the oxygen deficient mesoporous tungsten trioxide under solar light irradiation. The special heterojunction of noble metal nanoparticles and oxygen deficient mesoporous tungsten trioxide semiconductor will result in high-performance, stable novel photocatalysts for green catalysis under solar light. The new catalytic concepts by the utilization of solar light for highly efficient green chemical synthesis proposed in this project will provide great benefits for both the whole chemical industry and our environment.
FLAME-PROTECTED IMPACT STRENGTH MODIFIED POLYCARBONATE COMPOUNDS

The present invention relates to impact strength modified polycarbonate compounds comprising a first graft polymer comprising silicon acrylate composite rubber as a graft basis, wherein the proportion of silicone rubber is 65 - 95 % by weight (relative to the graft basis), a second graft polymer comprising a diene rubber, and phosphoric flame-protection agents, to the use of the polycarbonate compounds for producing molded parts, and to the molded parts themselves. The compositions and molding compounds according to the invention comprise an optimal combination of good flame protection at thin wall thicknesses, good chemical and hydrolysis resistance, and low melting viscosity.
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL WITH SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE GENERATING NANO-STRUCTURES

A photovoltaic cell (100) is described comprising a semiconductor layer (102), preferably thin-film semiconducting layer, of a first conductivity type provided on a support substrate (104). A plasmon resonance generating metallic structure (106) is provided on the semiconductor layer for resonantly coupling light into the absorbing layer and transporting photo-induced charge carriers out of the absorbing layer, wherein the contact structure extends over a substantial part of the front side of the semiconductor layer and wherein the contact structure comprises a plurality of metallic finger in contact with the semiconductor layer, the dimensions of the cross-section of each strip being smaller than 300 nm.
Particles-On-Demand for multiscale fluid dynamics

Computational fluid dynamics achieved undeniable success in many sectors of flowing matter. However, with the variety of different physical phenomena involved, also the computational methods have specialized and a uniform platform for high-quality simulations has long been in pursuit. With its roots in kinetic theory and statistical mechanics, the lattice Boltzmann method was conceived as an alternative paradigm for fluid dynamics but only partially succeeded in a subclass of incompressible flows. The reasons for that are structural: fixed particles’ velocities in traditional approaches imply rigid constraints on Mach number and temperature in the simulations, and which can only be mitigated at a price of ever increased number of particles’ speeds. A novel formulation of fluid dynamics as a kinetic theory with a small number of tailored, on-demand constructed particles removes any restrictions on flow speed and temperature as compared the lattice Boltzmann methods and their modifications. Particles-on-Demand method is a disruptive change of perspective on computational fluid dynamics through kinetic theory that opens up an unprecedented wide domain of applications, and for the first time delivers a seamless and universal computing of any type of flow, from high Knudsen number rarefied gas to supersonic flow and turbulence. Our approach is inherently physical and rigorous, with kinetic theory translated onto a fully discrete framework in position, momentum, time and space system. Particle-on-Demand shall deliver new solutions to hypersonic flows involving fluid-structure interaction and makes it easy to incorporate mixing and chemical reactions. The strength and universality of PonD method shall be demonstrated with simulations of a wide spectrum of multiscale problems such as atmospheric reentry, geostrophic turbulence, micro-flows and multiphase flow.
New methods for calculating bare soil land surface temperature over mountainous terrain

Land surface temperature (LST) causes the phase change of water, links to the partitioning of surface water and energy budget, and becomes an important parameter to hydrology, meteorology, ecohydrology, and other researches in the high mountain cold regions. Unlike air temperature, which has common altitudinal lapse rates in the mountainous regions, the influence of terrain leads to complicated estimation for soil LST. This study presents two methods that use air temperature and solar position, to estimate bare LST with high temporal resolution over horizontal sites and mountainous terrain with a random slope azimuth. The data from three horizontal meteorological stations and fourteen LST observation fields with different aspects and slopes were used to test the proposed LST methods. The calculated and measured LST were compared in a range of statistical analysis, and the analysis showed that the average RMSE (root mean square error), MAD (mean absolute deviation), and R2 (correlation coefficient) for three horizontal sites were 5.09°C, 3.66°C, 0.92, and 5.03°C, 3.52°C, 0.85 for the fourteen complex terrain sites. The proposed methods showed acceptable accuracy, provide a simple way to estimate LST, and will be helpful for simulating the water and energy cycles in alpine mountainous terrain.
Radiation Therapy in Patients with Implanted Cardiac Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators: A Prospective Survey in Japan

Radiotherapy/Pacemaker/ICD/Malfunction. Patients with implanted cardiac pacemakers (ICPs) or implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) ar e increasing in number, and the incidence of treating these patients with radiation therapy also is increasing. Thus, a prospective survey was conducted of patien ts with these devices receiving radiation therapy. A prospective survey of patients with ICPs or ICDs treated with radiation therapy was conducted on methods of radiation therapy, status of ICP/ICD, and management of patients before, during, and after radiation th erapy. After completion of radiation therapy, study participants were registered via mail, fax, or e-mail. Sixty-two patients from 29 institutions were registered from September 2006 to December 2008. Sixty patients had an ICP and 2 had an ICD. The total dose was estimated before radiation therapy by dosevolume histogram in 26 patients (42%) and by measurement of actual doses in 9 (15%). In one patient, the maximum total dose was 2069 cGy; however, in the other patients, the ICP/ICD dose did not exceed 478 cGy. Function of ICPs and ICDs was checked before radiation therapy in 38 patients (61%), after radiation therapy in 32 (52%), and both before and after radiation ther apy in 29 (47%). ICP malfunction occurred in a patient with prostate cancer treated by intensity-modulated radiation therapy to the prostate. Even when an ICP or ICD is not within the field of radiation, malfunction of the device may still occur. To minimize the risk to patients, precautions must be taken during the planning and administration of radiation therapy.