SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Functional and molecular characterisation of breast cancer stem cells

Every organ harbours adult stem cells which have the potential for long-term replication, together with the capacities of self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation. These stem cells function in tissue homeostasis and contribute to regeneration in response to injury. In addition, many cancers are caused by transforming mutations occurring in tissue-specific progenitor cells. These transformed stem cells harbour long-term proliferative potential and the ability to regenerate tumours consisting of phenotypically heterogeneous cell types. The identities of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that give rise to breast tumours are incompletely understood. 

The mammary gland is composed of a complex cellular hierarchy, which undergoes most of its development postnatally. To achieve this great plasticity, both stem and progenitor cells play a pivotal role in the extensive tissue remodelling occurring during puberty and pregnancy. Deregulation of stem and progenitor cells is a key event in mammary carcinogenesis. Recently, the host laboratory identified a rare unipotent progenitor cell population in the adult murine mammary gland characterized by the surface protein leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 6 (Lgr6).  Oncogenic mutations in Lgr6-positive cells led to the formation of luminal mammary gland tumours, and contributed to tumour aggressiveness and maintenance. Conversely, depletion of Lgr6-positive progenitors in mouse luminal breast cancer dramatically impaired tumour growth and morphology. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms driving these observations are unknown. 

The aim of this project is the characterisation of Lgr6-positive breast cancer stem cells, using functional and molecular approaches. We will characterise the molecular differences between cancer stem cells and non-stem cells, with the ultimate goal of identifying novel therapeutic strategies to eliminate breast cancer stem cells.
Hybrid Digital-Analog transmission taking into account D/A and A/D conversion

Efficient digital transmission of continuous-amplitude signals requires source coding which comes at the price of unavoidable quantization errors. Thus, even in clear channel conditions, the quality of the decoded signal is limited due to these source coding errors (quantization). Hybrid Digital-Analog (HDA) codes circumvent this limitation by additionally transmitting the source coding error with quasi-analog methods (discrete-time, quasi-continuous-amplitude) with neither increasing the total transmission power, nor the occupied frequency bandwidth on the radio channel. So far, for HDA transmission, the potential distortion additionally introduced by D/A and A/D conversion of the analog signal has not been considered. In this paper, the effect of clipping and limited resolution of this conversion on the performance of HDA transmission is evaluated. For random variables and speech signals, simulations verify that even with poor A/D and D/A conversion (3 bit resolution) the HDA concept outperforms conventional purely digital transmission systems at all channel qualities while additionally eliminating the quality limitation effect.
A new tool for creating real-time music within computer games

Computer games are experiencing an incredible fast evolution. With around 2.2 billion gamers across the globe (25% of the European on-line population plays video games) the industry has a constant demand for new technology, essential to maintain players’ interest in a very demanding market. Music, as a crucial part in the computer games creation process, also requires the new videogame era: whereas old computer games were, in general, simple (often just requiring a single melody), current ones are deeply complex, with several plots and levels, and almost infinite potential scenarios. However, current approaches for music composition do not adapt to this non-lineal essence of games but are just based on looping static musical pieces for each game level. This results in repetitive soundtracks, uninteresting for players, and a time-consuming activity for composers, unable to create a soundtrack for every single potential scenario. 
Based on the previous success of our CALMUS technology (that facilitates real-time adaptation of music composition to diverse external stimuli), we now present CALMUSgaming. CALMUSgaming is an innovative tool for automatically creating and adapting music within computer games. Instead of the soundscape being perpetually repeated, it enables a constant and real-time adaptation of the background music, according to how game progresses and to the player's performance and actions. On the one hand, CALMUSgaming facilitates music composition for computer games: it automatically generates complex and dynamic themes saving up to 90% of composition time. On the other hand, it enriches players’ experience, as it changes constantly as the game progresses. ErkiTónlist is an Icelandic SME focused on promoting creative endeavours in music. Grown over the achievements of our CALMUS technology, and out of our collaboration with CCP Games (one of the on-line games leaders worldwide) we have now found a great opportunity to enter the computer games industry.
Total attenuation cross sections of several elements at 360 and 511 KeV

Total attenuation cross sections of several elements have been measured for 360 and 511 KeV photons by using formula σtot= μ/ρ (A/N) x 1024, the values are compared with the values calculated from the data of Hubbell for the individual elements.The radioactive sources used in the experiments were Ba133 and Na22. Total attenuation cross sections for several elements have been measured for gamma rays from 360 and 511 keV photons using the well type scintillation spectrometer. Measurements have been made to determine total photon cross sections very accurately by using a narrow collimated beam method which effectively excluded correction due to small angle and multiple scattering of photons. The values of Total attenuation cross sections are found to be in good agreement with the theory.
A versatile platform for the design of targeting drug delivery vesicles

In the project of Marie Sklodowska-Curie Fellowship, I will design a versatile molecular platform that is used to construct multifunctional amphiphiles, which co-assemble with amphiphilic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to form monodisperse and stable targeting drug delivery vesicles. By incorporating multiple targeting ligands and multiple hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, I aim to discover efficient vesicle formulation with increased targeting selectivity and potent cytotoxicity to tumor cells. The route of the targeted drug delivery will be followed spontaneously via transiting surface plasmon resonance of AuNPs, and the impact of the targeted drug delivery on the targeted tumor cells will be monitored in real time by live cell Raman micro-spectroscopy. Furthermore, any targeting ligand, hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug can be easily tuned for a variety of different targeted tumour cells.
Comparison of the environmental effects of manure- and crop-based agricultural biogas plants using life cycle analysis

The environmental effects of anaerobic digestion (AD) plants have not, to date, been thoroughly analysed. The technology of biogas production has developed enormously in the last 10 years, with equipment functioning at ever-improving efficiency. In the present study, we aimed to examine the environmental effects of biogas plants that operate with the same power production capacity, but use different raw materials during the full life cycle. In addition, the environmental effects that occur during the establishment of AD plants were defined and contrasted against emissions during the full life cycle. In life cycle analysis (LCA), the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission effect of biogas production was measured as kg CO2 eq/kWhe, the acidification potential as kg SO2 eq/kWhe, and the eutrophication potential as kg PO4 eq/kWhe. The calculations proved that an AD plant that processes only energy crops as raw materials can be regarded as a CO2 absorber (−188 g/kWhe). The CO2 emission of all three examined plants was below the average emission of electrical power currently produced in a conventional manner. The AD plant that processes low-energy-density agricultural wastes produced 7.7% of its full-life-cycle CO2 emissions during its construction phase, compared with a 0.9% ratio for the AD plant processing only energy crops. However, the manure-based AD plant contributed the most to the decline in environmental acidification.
Bio-agricultural management and control

The European Union identifies as a priority the growth of eco-compatible agriculture in the framework of promoting sustainable development. As regards rural development the CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) focuses on the development of organic agriculture. Regional Plans for Rural Development follow in the same direction, through the adoption of the so-called Agro-Environmental Measures: several farms in Friuli Venezia Giulia have taken part in one or more actions envisaged in the Agro-Environmental Measures, thus entering a system that leads to the certification of regional integrated productions. Similarly, in the past few years Slovenia too has engaged in experimental alternative production techniques, based on organic agriculture. In this context, cross-border cooperation represents an important element to tackle the issues related to vocational training. In this sense, the project is based on the fact that the Italian side suffers from an evident lack of professionalism and upgrading in the specific field of eco-compatible agriculture, while on the Slovenian side the need exists to bridge the gap towards the farming, agricultural and food standards required by the EU in the framework of the enlargement. Additionally, in both areas the degree of info-telematic technology adopted in farming management is extremely low. In this sense, the project intends to launch a training programme aimed at improving the professional skills of farming experts in supporting farms that adopt eco-compatible methods (with reference to integrated and organic agriculture), also through the creation of networks of Italian and Slovenian farms.
Chromatographic material and methods for the synthesis thereof

A particulate material for chromatographic use comprising silica particles is provided having a skeleton structure containing silsesquioxane cage moieties. The material is useful as a chromatographic material, for example in HPLC. The silica particles may be hybrid organo-silica particles wherein the silsesquioxane moieties comprise a cage structure having silicon atoms positioned at corners of the cage wherein one or more silicon atoms positioned at the corners of the cagecarry an organic group. A preferred method of preparing the particulate material comprises hydrolysing a silsesquioxane as a co-component of a hydrolysis mixture, especially ina Stober or modified Stober process.
India: A Dharma based country in 2050

A complex country such as India whose trajectory has been unique in history compared to Europe or China or the USA, poses the possibility of many scenarios that could emerge in the latter half of the 21st Century. This paper looks at a range of issues from, governance and education to the environment and culture. The paper considers how the past could shape the country in 2050, together with changes in technology, better governance and environmental awareness. The move towards globalization is relentless and the paper indicates the role India could play in world trade, world food production and governance. In the end this is a fairly optimistic view of what could be possibly achieved over the next 38 years.
Platform for ultra-sensitive point-of-care diagnostics for infectious diseases

The aim of the PoC-ID project is to develop new micro- and nanoelectronic-based sensing and integration concepts for advanced miniaturised in vitro diagnostic devices. The project addresses the increasing demand for rapid and ultra-sensitive point-of-care diagnostics to reduce healthcare costs and increase the quality of life with a focus on infectious diseases, one of the world’s leading causes of morbidity and death. Interdisciplinary collaboration using the technology and expertise of the consortium members will be applied to develop and test a breakthrough PoC prototype for the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infections and host responses in the paediatric context.  PoC-ID will enable new types of point-of-care diagnostics for virtually any type of complex liquid sample. Applications are disease diagnosis, monitoring of therapeutic responses, clinical research of pathogen-host interaction and personalised medicine. The platform technology can easily be adapted to a variety of diagnostic or biosensing purposes, such as in health/environmental monitoring or food quality testing.  PoC-ID will combine the detection of both pathogens and host responses leading to more accurate diagnosis as compared to the current standard which is focused on detection of pathogens only. This novel approach will support prevention and control of pathogen spread and enable faster and more personalised patient treatment. Improved performance in terms of robustness, sensitivity and selectivity will be reached by a combination of innovative nanomembrane technology, molecular engineered capture molecules and two novel sensing concepts.  Further advances will be realised in terms of usability and speed of data-analysis arising from the integration of sensors, read-out electronics and microfluidics into one user friendly point-of-care (PoC) platform. Costs of the new disposable sensors will be ultra-low at high volumes, thanks to designing into microelectronics production flows.
THE ROLE OF INSTANT PAYMENT SYSTEMS IN THE POLISH ECONOMY

Instant payments are one of the most important current trends in modern banking. Solutions of this type have been implemented form large-value to retail banking. The purpose of this article is to introduce broad spectrum of application of instant payment systems and to attempt to answer the question of whether the creation and further development of instant retail payment systems is important for the efficient functioning of the Polish payment system. In the process of preparing this analysis, the following methods have been used: literature analysis, secondary data analysis and case study. The security of the payment system depends largely on providing a high efficiency of its individual components. In case of polish instant payment systems there is a high level of diversification as a result of the operation of three independent instant payment systems which ensures there high performance.
Portuguese SME toward energy efficiency improvement

About 50 % of world energy consumption is due to industrial use (DOE/EIA 2011), with consequences in carbon dioxide emissions and climate change. Reducing energy consumption in industry is therefore an important strategy to achieve the target of energy policies in Europe, of reducing the energy consumption of 20 % by 2020. In order to identify the situation in Portuguese small and medium enterprises (SME) concerning energy efficiency, the project EFINERG involved several stakeholders and was developed and implemented in five sectors: food, agriculture and beverage; ceramics and glass; wood, furniture, and cork; metal industry; and textile and clothes. The objective was to analyze the situation mainly in SME with energy consumption between 250 and 500 toe, in order to provide SME the necessary conditions to adopt energy efficiency improvements, best practices, and technological solutions that answer the problems diagnosed. In the companies involved in the project, the barriers to energy efficiency were listed and classified according to different levels: information, organizational, training/behavioral, economic, and financial. The main barriers and the result of the discussion with the different stakeholders in order identify measures that can contribute to overcome the problem are also included.
Recovering MOND from extended metric theories of gravity

We show that the Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) regime can be fully recovered as the weak-field limit of a particular theory of gravity formulated in the metric approach. This is possible when Milgrom's acceleration constant is taken as a fundamental quantity which couples to the theory in a very consistent manner. As a consequence, the scale invariance of the gravitational interaction is naturally broken. In this sense, Newtonian gravity is the weak-field limit of general relativity and MOND is the weak-field limit of that particular extended theory of gravity. We also prove that a Noether's symmetry approach to the problem yields a conserved quantity coherent with this relativistic MONDian extension.
Compaction of Cretaceous mudrocks offshore mid-Norway

The Cretaceous mudrocks at Haltenbanken are buried 2-4 km below seafloor. Density porosity ranges over a factor of two at the same depths in different wells, with higher porosities in the west. Although the Cretaceous mudrocks are overpressured, pore pressure is laterally invariant across Haltenbanken; hence porosity differences cannot be due to differences in effective stress. Differences remain after plotting porosity against temperature. Porosity differences are somewhat reduced by adjusting depths for recent exhumation and burial. I suggest the following sequence of events: the Cretaceous mudrocks were normally compacted and hydrostatically pressured in the early Pliocene, because Tertiary sedimentation rates were low; Pliocene exhumation and deposition of Naust Formation glacial sediments occurred rapidly, without porosity loss because low-permeability overburden inhibited pore water expulsion; enhanced temperatures accelerated clay diagenesis, and lithification occurred with a laterally invariant pore-pressure profile because horizontal permeability is much higher than vertical permeability. If this interpretation is correct, the Cretaceous mudrocks at Haltenbanken exhibit chemical undercompaction, where pore water expulsion was inhibited during clay diagenesis and lithification. This finding illustrates the risk in predicting pore pressure in exploration wells using data from offset wells, and suggests a method for estimating Pliocene exhumation history on the Norwegian margin.
Radical Cleavage of Al–C Bonds Promoted by Phenazine: From Noninnocent Ligand to Radical Abstractor

The reaction of phenazine with standard aluminum alkyls AlR3 (R = Me (a), Et (b), Et/Cl (c), i-Bu (d)) afforded, after initial coordination and formation of [AlMe3]2(μ-η1:η1-C12H8N2) (1), a further slow and complex transformation. As a result, the dinuclear and diamagnetic [AlR2]2(μ-η1:η1-C12H8N2)2 (R = Me (2a), Et (2b), Et/Cl (2c), i-Bu (2d)) were formed in parallel to the paramagnetic and monomeric (AlR3)[η1-C14H13NN(R)] (3). The diamagnetism of 2 is obtained via dimerization and implementation of an efficient intramolecular antiferromagnetic coupling. In the case of the reaction with Et2AlCl, the corresponding (AlEtCl2)[η1-C14H13NN(Et)] (3c) was isolated and fully characterized. In all the other cases, only compelling ESR evidence was obtained for the formation of isostructural species. On the basis of the isolation of both 2c and 3c from the same reaction, a mechanism is proposed involving ligand-assisted homolysis of Al–C bonds.
Innovation and Promotion of Adriatic Cultural Heritage as a Tourism Industry Driver

The project INNOCULTUR, is capitalizing the results of the IPA Adriatic project MUSEUMCULTOUR, and is aimed to increase the visibility and immediate identification of 8 less-known cultural heritage sites. The activities will be focused on active involvement of creative industries, local population and major stakeholders dedicated to the preservation of natural and cultural heritage by the mean of public call for ideas launch in order to support integration of traditional cultural offer with ICT and improving the virtual accessibility of the natural and cultural destinations involved in the project.
Cost Analysis of Medical versus Surgical Management of Glaucoma in Nigeria.

To analyze the cost of glaucoma medical therapy and compare it with that of surgical management in Nigeria.The cost of glaucoma drugs and that of surgical therapy in patients who attended the eye clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria, between December 2002 and November 2008 were calculated over a 3 year period of follow-up. Costs of medical and surgical therapy were compared based on November 2008 estimates.One hundred and eight patients met the inclusion criteria of the study, of which, 90 patients (83.33%) received medical therapy and 18 patients (16.67%) underwent surgery. The most expensive drugs were the prostaglandin analogues, travoprost (Travatan) and latanoprost (Xalatan). The least expensive topical drugs were beta-blockers and miotics. The mean annual cost of medical treatment was US$ 273.47±174.42 (range, $41.54 to $729.23) while the mean annual cost of surgical treatment was US$ 283.78±202.95 (range, $61.33 to $592.63). There was no significant difference between the mean costs of medical and surgical therapy over the 3-year period (P = 0.37). Older age (P = 0.02) and advanced glaucoma (P < 0.001) were associated with higher costs of therapy.The cost of medical therapy was comparable to that of surgical therapy for glaucoma in Nigeria over a 3-year period.
The Inscriptions on the Four Stone Pagodas in Yunju Temple during the Tang Dynasty

The existing four stone pagodas of the Tang Dynasty in Yunju Temple include the stone pagoda of Wang Ji( 2ndyear of Jingyun),the stone pagoda of Tian Yiqi( 1styear of Taiji),the stone pagoda of Li Wenan( 10 th year of Kaiyuan),and the stone pagoda of Zheng Xuntai( 15 thyear of Kaiyuan). They are the earliest and most centralized stone pagodas existing in Beijing area. On the base of a comprehensive study of the inscriptions of the four stone pagodas,analyses have been made on first of all the characteristics of the styles of the inscriptions;secondly,on the Buddhist influence and social customs when the pagodas were built; thirdly,on the inscriptions concerning the prefecture of Zhechong,and fourthly,on the implications of the Seven Years of Zhongxingand the political situation in the early years of the Tang Dynasty.
1753: Historical border between the Republic of Venice and Tyrol. Conversion of a cross.border hiking trail into a international Educational and hiking trail

The project supports the cross-border collaboration between the small towns of Kartitsch (Osttirol), Comelico Superiore (Belluno) and Sexten (Südtirol) to realise a supraregional hiking trail along the historical border of the Republic of Venice and Tyrol. The basis for this project is the CLLD small project „1753: The historical border of the Republic of Venice and Tyrol“, which is currently in the process of implementation. The border of 1753, with its surrounded natural and cultural landscape, is common good of Austria and Italy or of the regions Veneto, Trentino-Südtirol and Osttirol. The present project provides for a restauration of the boundary stones of 1753 and a connecting educational trail along the historical border between the Republic of Venice and Tyrol. The border is marked by a system of boundary stones, on the basis of a peaceful accord between the Doge of Venice and the Empress of Austria. Until today the boundary stones are not under monumental protection, although they are an important cultural heritage of the border regions. By a common engagement of heritage organizations in the regions it is attempted to work out the best way for conservation and appreciation. The monuments will be made accessible by a hiking path, which will fit well into the landscape and the path network.