SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Generalised entropy models for spatial choices

This project will create a new category of models that can be used for describing a wide range of spatial choice problems in the social sciences. Spatial settings often have a very large number of choice alternatives. Discrete choice models are used extensively to make counterfactual predictions based on observations of individual choices. Despite forty years of research, current spatial choice models still have two major generic short-comings that seriously limit their ability to make counterfactual predictions. The new category of models will address these two short-comings.
The first issue is that substitution patterns between choice alternatives are very complex. The new models will allow substitution patterns to be specified in a general and transparent way. The second issue is that so-called endogeneity issues are pervasive, which violates the underlying statistical assumptions of common models and leads to inconsistent results. The new models will enable endogeneity issues to be dealt with in a simple way.

The new models rely on a concept of generalised entropy and are related via duality to classical discrete choice models. A generalised entropy model, or just GEM, will be specified in terms of a transformation from choice probabilities to utilities. This idea is completely new. It is the exact opposite of classical discrete choice models and makes available a whole universe of new models. Early results suggest that GEM will enable the short-comings of the standard models to be overcome.
The project develops GEM in three prototypical spatial contexts: equilibrium sorting of households, travel demand modelling, and network route choice.

Classical discrete choice models are extensively used for policy analysis and planning. Replacing these by GEM will therefore influence a multitude of decisions across a range of sectors of great societal importance with environmental, economic and welfare consequences that reach far into the future.
A review of the current status of endoluminal therapy as a primary approach to obesity management

Gastroenterologists are expected to play a pivotal role in the management of the global obesity epidemic in coming years as novel endoscopic approaches become more widely available, safe, and effective. This review focuses on the recent advances in the field of endoluminal therapy as a primary approach to obesity management with the aim of providing the interventional endoscopist an overview of currently available evidence along with an insight into upcoming devices and techniques. The intragastric balloon appears to be safe and effective in the short term, especially as a bridge to bariatric surgery. Although early trials support the safety and feasibility of endoscopic gastroplasty, it is technically demanding and staple-line dehiscence continues to be a problem. Moreover, with ongoing technical innovations, most devices that have been used in published trials are no longer manufactured and results of studies using newer endoscopic suturing systems are currently awaited. The duodenojejunal bypass sleeve mimics the physiology of intestinal bypass and shares the metabolic advantages of intestinal diversion. A high rate of premature device withdrawal has been its major limiting factor. Therapeutic endoscopy may be the next paradigm of bariatric care. Combining restrictive and barrier endoscopic techniques can potentially improve efficacy and should be evaluated in the setting of appropriate clinical trials.
Candida Colonization in Low Birth Weight and Very Low Birth Weight Infants in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Background: Candida colonization is a major risk factor for invasive candidiasis in premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the rate, risk factors, and sources of colonization in low birth weight (LBW) and very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in an NICU. Patients and Methods: All cases were classified in to 1 of 2 groups: LBW and VLBW. A questionnaire that collected demographic data was completed for each case. Swabs were obtained from the ear, umbilicus, and rectum, as well as catheters, tracheal tubes, and nasogastric tubes. Samples were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. A P value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 102 cases were examined in this study. The mean weight of the infants was 1720 ± 474 gr (range 850 - 2500 gr). Positive Candida cultures were isolated in 19 (31.7%) cases in the LBW group and 20 (47.6%) cases in the VLBW group. In addition, 36 (35.3%) cases showed signs of sepsis. The mortality rate was 1.7% (n = 1). The umbilicus and rectum were the most common sites for Candida colonization in both groups. The analysis also indicated that the duration of hospitalization, prolonged use of corticosteroids, central venous catheters, total parenteral nutrition, and mechanical ventilation were associated with candidiasis infection in VLBW infants while prolonged use of corticosteroids and central venous catheters were major risk factors associated with candidiasis infection in LBW infants. Conclusions: These results show that maturity and birth weight are related to a decrease in the risk of developing a candidiasis infection.
Syntheses, Structures, and Catalytic Properties of Two 2D Manganese(II) Coordination Polymers Containing Flexible Bis(benzimidazole) Ligands

Two MnII coordination polymers based on the flexible bis(benzimidazole) and dicarboxylic acids, namely, [Mn(L1)(bpdc)(H2O)0.5]n (1) and [Mn(L2)(Htbi)2]n (2) [L1 = 1,4-bis(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene, H2bpdc = 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid, L2 = 1,4-bis(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole)butane, H2tbi = 5-tert-butyl isophthalic acid] were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Both of the complexes crystallize in the triclinic P space group and present distorted octahedral configurations. Complex 1 possesses a 2D binodal (3,5)-connected 3,5L2 network with the point symbol of (42.67.8)(42.6), whereas 2 features a 2D uninodal 3-connected hcb topology and the Schlafli symbol is (63). Complexes 1 and 2 ultimately are extended into 3D supramolecular framework via π–π stacking and O–H···O hydrogen bonding interaction, respectively. Moreover, both of the complexes manifest excellent catalytic activities for the degradation of Congo red.
Tsunami Signs, Memorials and Evacuation Drills in Miyagi Prefecture After the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami

Abstract Since the 2011 Tohoku earthquake tsunami there have been multiple efforts to maintain the awareness of people in the affected areas, such as tsunami signs, memorials and evacuation drills. This chapter briefly introduces and summarizes the ongoing activities in this respect in Miyagi Prefecture. Tsunami signs are usually placed by both the Miyagi prefectural government and by individuals to show the inundation level of the 2011 tsunami. Other signs show where the tsunami stopped, indicate the elevation above sea level or provide information related to the reconstruction. Almost 40 locations have been proposed to be preserved as memorials of the 2011 tsunami. They can be classified as damaged private or public school buildings, damaged infrastructure and other ruined or natural areas. Although the local government has expressed a desire to preserve these candidate sites, strong opposition by some local people remains and final decisions may require more time. Finally, tsunami evacuation drills are one of the most effective measures for tsunami risk reduction. Examples of evacuation drills in the Sendai coastal plain (Sendai, Iwanuma, and the town of Yamamoto) are presented. There, more time is required to conduct evacuation because a tsunami can penetrate as far as 5 km due to the flatness of the terrain. One of the findings is that serious traffic during tsunami evacuation remains one of the most important issues in some areas, as vehicles are required for evacuation because of the flat topography. These issues should be solved as the reconstruction progresses to create resilience against future tsunamis.
ARRANGEMENT FOR MONITORING AND EARLIEST DETECTION OF FIRE FOR A PLURALITY OF POTENTIALLY FLAMMABLE OR POTENTIALLY EXPLOSIVE VESSELS AND/OR HOUSINGS

The invention relates to an arrangement for monitoring and earliest detection of fire for a plurality of potentially flammable or potentially explosive vessels and/or housings, such as switch and distribution cabinets and electrical engineering apparatus, IT cabinets etc. The invention addresses the problem of developing an arrangement for monitoring and earliest detection of fire for potentially flammable or potentially explosive vessels and/or housings, which for a reasonable system cost can be used as an alternative to the aspirating smoke detectors currently used in the art, for example, in the switch and server cabinets of computer centres (e.g. in banks etc.), and which at the same time ensures a selective monitoring of a substantially higher number of "monitoring points" (e.g. server cabinets) that is much cheaper and more precise and also substantially more reliable in respect of false alarms using just one evaluating unit, combined with markedly reduced expenditure on production, installation, servicing and maintenance, high versatility and high availability, even during servicing and also during work to extend the overall system. The arrangement according to the invention for monitoring and earliest detection of fire for a plurality of potentially flammable or potentially explosive vessels (1) and/or housings using laser detectors and/or multi-criteria smoke detectors (2) is characterised inter alia in that all smoke detectors (2) used for monitoring are connected to one another via a ring bus (18), and in that the smoke detectors (2) used in the arrangement are arranged in pairs, either in a duo-detector module (3) or in two mono-detector modules (4) associated with one another, and are always interconnected in two-detector dependency, and in that said duo-detector modules (3) and/or mono-detector modules (4) arranged in each of the vessels (1) to be monitored at the locations significant for fire detection are connected as bus participants via a ring bus (18) to an evaluating unit (19) undertaking the energy supply of the bus system.
Insights into the anomalous heme pocket of rainbow trout myoglobin

Rainbow trout myoglobin (Mb) is characterized by an unusually low affinity for oxygen, having a P(50) of 4.92±0.29 mm Hg at 25 °C which is the highest ever reported for any vertebrate Mb at the same temperature (Helbo and Fago, (2011) Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 300, R101-R108). In order to gain insight into the structural factors of the heme pocket that may be important determinants for this atypical oxygen affinity, we have carried out an electronic absorption and resonance Raman characterization of the ferric and ferrous protein with and without exogenous ligands (O(2), CO, F(-)) and compared the results with those of other Mbs. While the ν(Fe-His) stretch appears at a frequency similar to other vertebrate Mbs, the resonance Raman frequencies of the Fe-ligand stretching modes reveal significant variations in the interaction of iron-bound ligands with distal residues. In particular, the spectroscopic characterization highlights two exceptional properties of rainbow trout Mb, a significantly higher level of reversed heme and reduced hydrogen bonding interactions between ligands and the distal HisE7 residue compared with other Mbs. The weakening of the hydrogen bond interaction is proposed to be the primary cause of the significantly reduced oxygen affinity.
BRACKET FOR MOUNTING A TABLET SHAPED DEVICE

Disclosed herein is a bracket for mounting a tablet shaped device.
Photonic integrated devices for second order nonlinear optical processes

Second order nonlinear processes, such as second-harmonic or difference-frequency generation, are key for frequency metrology and quantum optics applications. The successful integration of such functionalities, consequential of material 2nd order nonlinear susceptibility χ(2),  is essential to obtain compact and low power devices. Unfortunately embedding 2nd order nonlinear effects on chip poses a fundamental challenge captured by the following dogma: materials with the best photonic integration capabilities exhibit negligible χ(2). Recent research by the PI proves this dogma flawed and shows that 2nd order nonlinearities can be unlocked in silicon nitride (SiN) waveguides by all-optical means, a result that is a significant departure from other existing approaches. 

PISSARRO will develop waveguides for χ(2) based effects and confront the limitations imposed by fabrication, resonant structures, or phase-matching constraints, thus seeking optimal trade-offs. By leveraging the linear properties and fabrication flexibility of SiN waveguides, the synergy between optically induced electric field from multi-photon absorption, large material 3rd order nonlinearity  and waveguide engineering will be exploited, to overcome the initial low efficiency. The objectives are far beyond the state-of-the-art by providing all-optical control, flexibility and extended operation bandwidth. 

The project will build on the in-depth optical characterization of the microscopic nature of optically-induced 2nd order nonlinearity in SiN to take integrated 2nd order nonlinear devices to new frontiers. PISSARRO promises substantial impact in the domains of communication, metrology and quantum optics by providing novel CMOS-compatible photonic devices. Designed waveguides will not only lead to the integration of stabilized octave spanning combs for precise frequency references, but also introduce a path towards dynamic on-chip quantum state generation and unconstrained frequency conversion.
POLYVALENT CULTURE MEDIUM FOR ANAEROBIC BACTERIA UNDER AEROBIC CONDITIONS

The present invention relates to a polyvalent culture medium for anaerobic bacteria under aerobic conditions in blood culture flasks. The present invention provides a polyvalent culture medium for culture, in an aerobic atmosphere, of anaerobic bacteria or aerobic bacteria, comprising a base culture medium for bacteria, characterized in that it also comprises the mixture of the following antioxidant compounds: sodium hydrosulfide (Na2S), L-cysteine, ascorbic acid, glutathione, catalase, ubiquinol and lipoic acid.
A signal split optimization approach based on model predictive control for large-scale urban traffic networks

It is generally recognized that Model Predictive Control (MPC) has many advantages in signal control of urban traffic networks. However, the computational complexity grows exponentially with the increase in network scale and predictive time horizon. In order to overcome this drawback, a signal split optimization approach is proposed in this paper, in which a large-scale traffic network was decomposed into a set of subnetworks. Based on the store-and-forward modeling paradigm, the optimization framework of each subnetwork is developed firstly. Then, Lagrange multipliers are employed to deal with interconnecting constraints among subnetworks, and the dual optimization problem corresponding to the whole network is constructed. Moreover, the dual optimization problem is optimized under a two-level optimization structure by interaction prediction approach. In the end, simulation experiments are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Spectral sensitometer for a photosensitive surface

The invention concerns a spectral sensitometer for a photosensitive surface. The sensitometer according to the invention comprises: i) a light-integrating waveguide (10) for receiving, guiding and integrating the monochromatic light from illumination means; ii) a plurality of optical fibres (12), the fibres of which are arranged so as to define a single entry face (11), the plurality of fibres being divided into a plurality of exit beams (13), each of the exit beams having a number of fibres which is chosen so as to produce a plurality of light beams, the respective intensities of which vary in a geometrical progression at a given rate; and iii) a light-integrating waveguide (16) associated with each of the exit beams, each of the waveguides (16) having a first end placed opposite the end face of the corresponding exit beam (13), the second end being placed opposite the photosensitive surface (17), so as to expose the photosensitive surface to the corresponding light beam. Application to the sensitometry of photographic films. <MATH>
Beyond pleasure : cultures of modern asceticism

List of Figures Acknowledgements Introduction: Modern Asceticism: A Historical Exploration Evert Peeters, Kaat Wils and Leen Van Molle Part I: Cult Places of Authenticity Chapter 1. The Performance of Redemption: Asceticism and Liberation in Belgian Lebensreform Evert Peeters Chapter 2. Asceticism and Pleasure in German Health Reform: Patients as Clients in Wilhelmine Sanatoria Michael Hau Part II: Social Regulation of Pleasure Chapter 3. Moving Images and the Popular Imagination: Visual Pleasure and Film Censorship in Comparative Perspective Thomas J. Saunders Chapter 4. 'The Wo that Is in Marriage': Abstinence in Practice and Principle in British Marriages, 1890s-1940s Lesley A. Hall Chapter 5. Asceticism in Modern Social Thought Henk de Smaele Part III: Aesthetics and Distinction Chapter 6. Adolf Loos and the Doric Order Wessel Krul Chapter 7. Disguised Asceticism: The Promotion of Austerity in Interior Design during the Interwar Period in Flanders, Belgium Sofie De Caigny Part IV: The Lonely Passions of Science Chapter 8. The Revelation of a Modern Saint: Marie Curie's Scientific Asceticism and the Culture of Professionalised Science Kaat Wils Chapter 9. Ludwig Wittgenstein, the Tractatus and the Linguistic Turn in Modern Asceticism Klaas van Berkel Part V: Discipline in the Age of Affluence Chapter 10. Necessity into Virtue: The Culture of Postwar Reconstruction in Western Europe between Asceticism and Anti-Asceticism Marnix Beyen Chapter 11. Modern Asceticism and Contemporary Body Culture Julia Twigg Notes on Contributors Index
Urban-rural partnerships in metropolitan areas

The URMA-project promotes urban-rural partnerships as a tool to strengthen the potential for generation and transfer of innovation in European metropolitan areas and their surrounding hinterlands. The basis was laid during a preceding project, integrated in the action programme “Pilot Project of Spatial Planning” sponsored by the German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development. In this project regional disparities were tackled and the effectiveness of regional development policies was improved by new governance structures for large scale urban-rural partnerships (triple helix approach). Balancing regional disparities and being competitive at the same time are challenges for all regions in Europe and therefore the project theme is of high interest to many other metropolitan areas.
The project’s objective is therefore to utilize the urban-rural cooperation schemes developed and tested in the above-named project and in other partner regions in the field of innovation
generation and transfer within metropolitan areas and regional urban-rural networks. The PP will identify different types of regional innovation systems, exchange experiences on urban-rural cooperation and finally help to improve the effectiveness of regional and local policies in the field of innovation. This objective enables an establishment of a regional, national and European policy agenda for a sustainable development of metropolitan areas. Moreover, it will result in lasting and balanced positive effects on the competiveness of metropolitan areas, also in global terms. The key advantage to this approach is that urban and rural areas will benefit on equal terms and that cities will not gain competitiveness on the expense of urban areas and vice-versa.
The participating nine PP from five EU member states (BG,DE,IT,NL,PL) cover a wide EU area and are directly involved in the improvement of regional policies. The consortium is homogenous and diverse at the same time, comprising
differently shaped urban-rural regions, from strong interconnected metropolitan areas to smaller city regions. The mix of larger and smaller, well experienced and less experienced PP will open up new possibilities of learning and knowledge transfer and creates an added value for all regions. URMA is mainly focused on the exchange of experiences through an array of conferences, public and project internal workshops, study visits in all regions and 3 pilot implementations. The cooperation will be supported by a common toolkit to identify and describe best practices, a concise dictionary and a Good Practice Guide. Furthermore recommendations for the whole project partnership with regard to regional innovation systems and for the future European cohesion policy regarding urban-rural partnerships will be developed. All in all, the project will raise the awareness for the need and potential of urban-rural partnerships – a new approach to strengthen innovation in European metropolitan areas.
Unwinding of a one-dimensional topological superconductor

We show that a topological superconductor made of four chains of superconducting spinless fermions characterized by four Majorana edge states can adiabatically be deformed into a trivial band insulator. To unwind this time-reversal invariant topological superconductor, interactions to spinful fermions are switched on along an adiabatic path. Thereby, we couple modes which belong to two different representations of the time-reversal symmetry operator $\mathcal{T}$ with ${\mathcal{T}}^{2}=1$ and ${\mathcal{T}}^{2}=\ensuremath{-}1$, respectively. This observation can be understood by investigating how the relevant symmetries act on the entanglement spectrum giving rise to four instead of eight different topological phases with Majorana edge modes. We also show that a simple level crossing of doubly and singly degenerate states occurs in the entanglement spectrum on deforming the quantum state.
What is Next in Anion‐Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers? Bottlenecks, Benefits, and Future

Abstract As highlighted by the recent roadmaps from the European Union and the United States, water electrolysis is the most valuable high‐intensity technology for producing green hydrogen. Currently, two commercial low‐temperature water electrolyzer technologies exist: alkaline water electrolyzer (A‐WE) and proton‐exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEM‐WE). However, both have major drawbacks. A‐WE shows low productivity and efficiency, while PEM‐WE uses a significant amount of critical raw materials. Lately, the use of anion‐exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEM‐WE) has been proposed to overcome the limitations of the current commercial systems. AEM‐WE could become the cornerstone to achieve an intense, safe, and resilient green hydrogen production to fulfill the hydrogen targets to achieve the 2050 decarbonization goals. Here, the status of AEM‐WE development is discussed, with a focus on the most critical aspects for research and highlighting the potential routes for overcoming the remaining issues. The Review closes with the future perspective on the AEM‐WE research indicating the targets to be achieved.
ILC_BANDO SERVICES INNOVATION MPMI_2018

THE PREMISE OF THE INNOVATION PLAN IS BASED ON THE RECENT INVESTMENT AIMED AT THE “MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM” AIMED AT AUTOMATED MATERIAL HANDLING AND INTRALOGISTICS, STARTING THE PRODUCTION AUTOMATION PROCESS OF THE COMPANY ACCORDING TO THE PARADIGM OF INDUSTRY 4.0. IN THE FACE OF THE INVESTMENTS DESCRIBED ABOVE, THE COMPANY WITH THE INNOVATION PLAN INTENDS TO SUPPORT A NEW MARKETING AND COMMUNICATION STRATEGY THAT IS MORE RESPONSIVE TO THE NEW COMPETITIVE SCENARIO OF THE SECTOR.