SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
SYSTEM, METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER

Disclosed are a water heating system, a method of heating water and a water heating apparatus for use in providing successive volumes of heated water at a generally consistent temperature. In one aspect of the disclosure, a water heating system includes a reservoir (22) for containing water (28), the reservoir having an inlet zone (50) comprising a lower portion of the reservoir and an outlet zone comprising an upper portion of the reservoir. A water inlet (38) is provided in fluid communication with a source (34) of water and the inlet zone. A heater (26) is positioned within the inlet zone is coupled to the reservoir. A temperature sensor (30) is positioned within the inlet zone, and a water outlet (46) is provided in fluid communication with the outlet zone. A controller (24) is coupled to the heater and the temperature sensor, the controller using information from the temperature sensor to controllably operate the heater to generally maintain a desired temperature within the reservoir.
Integrating exception handling in goal models

Missing requirements are known to be among the major sources of software failure. Incompleteness often results from poor anticipation of what could go wrong with an over-ideal system. Obstacle analysis is a model-based, goal-anchored form of risk analysis aimed at identifying, assessing and resolving exceptional conditions that may obstruct the behavioral goals of the target system. The obstacle resolution step is obviously crucial as it should result in more adequate and more complete requirements. In contrast with obstacle identification and assessment, however, this step has little support beyond a palette of resolution operators encoding tactics for producing isolated countermeasures to single risks. In particular, there is no single clue to date as to where and how such countermeasures should be integrated within a more robust goal model. To address this problem, the paper describes a systematic technique for integrating obstacle resolutions as countermeasure goals into goal models. The technique is shown to guarantee progress towards a complete goal model; it preserves the correctness of refinements in the overall model; and keeps the original, ideal model visible to avoid cluttering the latter with a combinatorial blow-up of exceptional cases. To allow for this, the goal specification language is slightly extended in order to capture exceptions to goals seperately and distinguish normal situations from exceptional ones. The proposed technique is evaluated on a non-trivial ambulance dispatching system.
A Philosophical Thought on Sustainability Accounting

The purpose of this study is to discover a philosophical thought on sustainable development as foundation for sustainability accounting. By defining sustainability accounting as new accounting policies and practices which is adopting sustainability concept, understanding the philosophical thought becomes an imperative task for accounting discipline. Sustainable development requires involvement of any business entities. Accordingly, accounting profession should response to the movement seriously, since accounting takes place in the center of business information system. This study utilizes a qualitative content analysis to examine ideological mind-sets and themes contained in textual data. Data are further classified using a taxonomy based on Fay’s basic scheme of critical social science. Results of the study indicate that the philosophical thought on sustainable development consists of four integrated themes, i.e.: human beings and development; the interlocking crises and ecosystem degradation; system thinking and human consciousness; and transformation toward harmonization through integration. The philosophical thought could enlighten in developing sustainability accounting policies and practices. As practical guidance, sustainable development accountability should consist of economic, social and environmental accountabilities. Accounting report as a part of sustainability accounting practices could preserve the business entities’ conformance to that spirit more comprehensively. Keywords : philosophical thought, sustainability accounting, sustainable development.
Combined chemo- and radiotherapies by controlling the surface chemistry of truncated metal organic framework nanoparticles

Cancers are the leading cause of death in the developed world, with populations facing a 30% chance of developing the disease by the age of 75. As part of a concerted effort to open up new treatments and improve patients’ experiences with existing ones, the concept of drug delivery – using non-toxic carriers to transport medicines directly to the location of disease – has emerged. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), porous materials comprised of organic linkers and metal joints, show considerable promise as drug delivery vectors due to their high storage capacities, amenability to functionalization and the ability to prepare entirely non-toxic nanoparticulate derivatives. This proposal will use the PI’s expertise in advanced MOF synthetic methods to facilitate dramatic technological breakthroughs through unprecedented control of MOF self-assembly and surface chemistry. Management of MOF surface chemistry will allow installation of stimuli responsive release mechanisms and offer control over the trapping and release of cargo within MOFs, ensuring drugs are released only at the site of disease in the body. Surface incorporation of sophisticated biotargeting units such as peptides and aptamers will facilitate selective uptake of the MOFs by diseased tissues only. Rapid clean microwave syntheses will allow metal radionuclides to be incorporated for PET imaging, offering a novel alternative to traditional chelates. Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo testing will ensure that this multidisciplinary streamlining of materials, supramolecular and medicinal chemistries with the biosciences will generate highly efficient theranostic devices, offering more efficient, targeted drug delivery to improve treatment efficiency, mitigate side effects and open up new therapeutic avenues such as siRNA delivery. The fundamental advances required to generate these novel materials will also impact across the many applications of MOFs, from molecular storage and separations to catalysis.
A new standard cylindrical graphite-walled ionization chamber for dosimetry in 60Co beams at calibration laboratories

60 Co sources are used mostly at dosimetry laboratories for calibration of ionization chambers utilized for radiotherapy dosimetry, mainly in those laboratories where there is no linear accelerator available. In this work, a new cylindrical ionization chamber was developed and characterized to be used as a reference dosimeter at the Calibration Laboratory of the IPEN. The characterization tests were performed according to the IEC 60731 standard, and all tests presented results within its recommended limits. Furthermore, the correction factors for the wall, stem, central collecting electrode, nonaxial uniformity and the mass-energy absorption coefficient were determined using the EGSnrc Monte Carlo code. The air kerma rate determined with this new dosimeter was compared to the one obtained with the IPEN standard, presenting a difference of 1.5%. Therefore, the new ionization chamber prototype developed and characterized in this work presents potential use as a primary standard dosimeter at radiation metrology laboratories. • A new cylindrical ionization chamber was developed to be used as a reference dosimeter. • The characterization tests were performed according to the IEC 60731 standard. • All tests presented results within its recommended limits. • The correction factors were determined using the EGSnrc Monte Carlo code. • This dosimeter presents potential use as a primary standard dosimeter.
Spatiotemporal variability of the precipitation dipole transition zone in the western United States

[1] El Nino-Southern Oscillation-related hydroclimatic variability in the western United States is characterized by a north–south dipole pattern of precipitation anomalies with opposing signs. Here I use a high-resolution dataset to analyze spatiotemporal patterns in the transition zone between the centers of opposite association. Results indicate that the transition zone is spatially limited west of the continental divide, consisting of a narrow zone within the 40–42°N latitude band and portions of eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, and western Colorado. The transition zone was narrower when the Southern Oscillation Index and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) were in a constructive phase and during the negative Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation phase. Although the transition zone has remained remarkably stationary across the Great Basin, shifts (likely PDO-related) have occurred over time in the West Coast states. Implications for water resource planning in river basins underlying the transition zone vary by region.
Vehicle for personal transport, especially bus, ship, airplane or train, has several input media directly or indirectly connected to at least one display device and with which display shown on display device(s) can be influenced

The vehicle has at least one display device (6-9) for information or similar and several input media (10-13) directly or indirectly connected to the at least one display device and with which the display shown on the at least one display device can be influenced. Several user stations (2-5) are provided, each with at least one display device and an input medium interconnected for data exchange.
Variation in institutional oversight of police misconduct

How do states address police misconduct? Police violence and abuse occurs throughout the democratic world, presenting a challenge for states committed to exercising coercive force with discretion. One of the ways states address this problem is with police misconduct oversight institutions, which facilitate civilian reporting and state investigation of misconduct. But there is vast variation in the ways democracies design these institutions, and there is no systematic cross-national comparative research which can help us understand how different types of oversight institutions influence citizens’ behavior and attitudes to the state. As a consequence, decisionmakers lack the empirical basis necessary for developing informed policy. This project will develop a theoretical framework which contains a wider array of facets of institutional design than have been considered in previous research. It then asks how these institutional facets impact on citizen perceptions of police legitimacy and willingness to file complaints. The project studies these relationships within all OECD democracies using a multi-method approach. It first collects new, systematic data in order to conduct the first cross-national, statistical analysis. It complements this analysis with a series of survey experiments in order to overcome challenges to causal inference. Five case studies anchor this effort by helping to validate and contextualize the empirics. This project contributes by developing a new conceptual framework, innovating new and nuanced theoretical arguments, and studying them with rigorous, comparative methods. This research agenda is important because understanding how these oversight institutions are designed and whether they work can provide us with important leverage on understanding the foundations of democratic governance and state respect for the civil rights of its citizens.
Anomalously interacting new extra vector bosons and their first LHC constraints

In this review phenomenological consequences of the Standard Model extension by means of new spin-1 chiral fields with the internal quantum numbers of the electroweak Higgs doublets are summarized. The prospects for resonance production and detection of the chiral vector $Z^*$ and $W^{*\pm}$ bosons at the LHC energies are considered. The $Z^*$ boson can be observed as a Breit-Wigner resonance peak in the invariant dilepton mass distributions in the same way as the well-known extra gauge $Z'$ bosons. However, the $Z^*$ bosons have unique signatures in transverse momentum, angular and pseudorapidity distributions of the final leptons, which allow one to distinguish them from other heavy neutral resonances. In 2010, with 40 pb$^{-1}$ of the LHC proton-proton data at the energy 7 TeV, the ATLAS detector was used to search for narrow resonances in the invariant mass spectrum of $e^+e^-$ and $\mu^+\mu^-$ final states and high-mass charged states decaying to a charged lepton and a neutrino. No statistically significant excess above the Standard Model expectation was observed. The exclusion mass limits of 1.15 TeV$/c^2$ and 1.35 TeV$/c^2$ were obtained for the chiral neutral $Z^*$ and charged $W^*$ bosons, respectively. These are the first direct limits on the $W^*$ and $Z^*$ boson production. For almost all currently considered exotic models the relevant signal is expected in the central dijet rapidity region. On the contrary, the chiral bosons do not contribute to this region but produce an excess of dijet events far away from it. For these bosons the appropriate kinematic restrictions lead to a dip in the centrality ratio distribution over the dijet invariant mass instead of a bump expected in the most exotic models.
Στοιχεία παραγωγικότητας των μεγαλύτερων ευρωπαϊκών λιμανιών και το ιδιοκτησιακό τους καθεστώς

In modern port industry the calculation of productivity is of great importance. The more productive a port can be the more competitive becomes and by this way, it can attract more clients. However, this calculation involves a great variety of productivity figures and can become a challenging procedure. The choice of the correct figures depends each time on the view of each study. Besides this, this procedure depends on the availability of necessary data. Productivity is being driven by a lot of internal or external factors. One such factor is the ownership model of the port. This model is being influenced by the degree of public and private involvement in port’s functions. Nevertheless, the borderline is not always visible. This is happening because each country has a different scope regarding the percentage on this involvement and the way that privatization is going to be done. As a result, there is a number of different ownership models, which are spotted between public and private involvement. In this study, these models are being analyzed and correlated with all calculated productivity figures. What derives from this correlation is that the ownership model of each European port may influence port’s productivity. This is the reason behind the privatization that takes place in the majority of European ports. However this privatization is not full most of the time.
Efficient and eco-friendly construction of revolutionary surfboard blanks

The overall objective of the e2CORK project is the construction of eco-friendly surfboard-blanks built with cork. To reach this, the design of a sustainable-industrial manufacturing procedure will be necessary.

The typical surfboards are manufactured from noxious materials and with unsustainable processes that contaminate the environment, require safety equipment for shapers exposed to toxic materials, and produce a massive carbon footprint on our planet. e2CORK will offer a clean alternative, 100% natural, organic, sustainable, and with physical, structural and mechanical properties that far exceed the current styrofoam blanks.

e2CORK will enhance the current hand-operated manufacturing procedures with a sustainable industrialization. These improvements will lead LIVING SURF to offer more competitive prices, reaching more units manufactured per day, to achieve international growth, to make a product portfolio extension and hence attaining wider audience. Moreover, e2CORK will boost the European cork-production market and its associate industries, hence contributing to the conservation of the cork-oak forests.

The specific objectives of the current phase 1 are to study and evaluate the technical feasibility as well as the sustainability and profitability of the e2CORK results. The objective of the overall innovation is that the current stage of e2CORK’s TRL6 prototype version reaches a TRL9 commercial level at the end of phase 2.
 
LIVING SURF has a wide expertise in manufacturing and selling surfboard blanks, offering natural alternatives to existing foam products. This background and knowhow enables the company to significantly reduce the risk of undertaking the e2CORK project while maximizing the probability of success of this business opportunity.
Über die Abschaffung der Sterilisation von geistig behinderten Personen in Spanien

Article Über die Abschaffung der Sterilisation von geistig behinderten Personen in Spanien was published on April 1, 2022 in the journal Zeitschrift für die gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft (volume 134, issue 1).
Proactivity Postponed? ‘Capturing’ Records Created in the Context of E-government – A Literary Warrant Analysis of the Plans for a National e-archive Service in Sweden

Proactive records management is often described as a prerequisite for a well-functioning public administration that is efficient, legally secure and democratic. In the context of e-government, official information is seen as a valuable asset, which is why technical solutions are developed to improve accessibility and reusability. Yet how to 'capture' and preserve the information is still unclear, and adaptations of routines which have originated in a paper based administration to practices suitable for managing digital records are often lacking. This risks impeding on the work of public agencies, their services toward citizens, and the goals of e-government. This paper uses current plans for developing a national e-archive service in Sweden as a case, applying literary warrant and the records continuum model to discuss how archives management can support the goals of e-government and facilitate proactivity. A special focus is placed on 'capture' as a vital part of holistic recordkeeping. The result shows that despite regulations and ambitions supporting proactivity, 'capture' is not emphasized as a necessity for using, sharing and preserving official information. This could create archives that are incomplete, and risk contributing to a decline in governmental transparency and openness.
Discrimination soil salinization distribution in the middle region of Heihe River basin using TM data

A preliminary study has been conducted to test the effectiveness of the stepwise canonical discriminant approach to making spatial discrimination of salt-affected soil surfaces, using the Landsat TM data taken in the middle reaches of the Heihe River, China. We regard a saline area as being composed of salt-affected patches differ in degree and try to make discrimination of salt-affected soil surfaces by stepwise canonical discriminant approach. Five indices (B 4 , Wetness, SI, NDSI, Fe 2 O 3 ) were selected as discriminating variables, and two canonical discriminant functions (y 1 , y 2 ) were determined for the three groups using these five discriminating variables. When group centroids and individual cases were plotted on the plane determined by two canonical discriminant functions y 1 and y 2 , the groups were quite distinct and their centroids were well separated. These results suggest that the stepwise canonical discriminant approach is promising for spatial discrimination of salt-affected soil surfaces.
A Survey of Airworthiness and Certification for UAS

The Italian SMAT project is a civilian program supported by Piemonte Region developed for the territorial monitoring and surveillance and for the prevention of natural hazards. In a different way from the previous surveillance programs, the SMAT project is based on the use of several unmanned platforms that are able to cooperate through ground coordination and control station. The flight in non-segregated airspace, needed in order to accomplish the territorial monitoring mission, is a main issue to be investigated and defined, because of the current lack of a common consensus and agreement on the regulations of UAS. The present work outlines the international initiatives that deal with the development of the regulatory framework on airworthiness and certification of UAS and their potential impact on the SMAT project.
Bose–Einstein condensation as an alternative to inflation

It was recently shown that gravitons with a very small mass should have formed a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) in the very early universe, whose density and quantum potential can account for the dark matter (DM) and dark energy (DE) in the universe respectively. Here, we show that the condensation can also naturally explain the observed large scale homogeneity and isotropy of the universe. Furthermore, gravitons continue to fall into their ground state within the condensate at every epoch, accounting for the observed flatness of space at cosmological distance scales. Finally, we argue that the density perturbations due to quantum fluctuations within the condensate give rise to a scale invariant spectrum. This therefore provides a viable alternative to inflation, which is not associated with the well-known problems associated with the latter.
Centre of excellence in science and technology for healthy ageing

In order to both solve the medical needs of ageing-populations in Europe, and develop an innovative ecosystem beneficial for the economy of Lithuania, it is proposed to foster the whole innovation chain in the area of healthy ageing – from fundamental research through to the introduction of new products and services to the market - by creating in Lithuania a world-class Centre of Excellence (CoE) in science and technology for healthy ageing, named HEALTH-TECH.

The long-term vision for HEALTH-TECH is to:
- Become the leading provider of innovative medical solutions for the improvement of the health of ageing-populations in Europe,
- Consolidate research and development, education and training, and networking and promotion resources activities in the area of healthy ageing, 
- Coordinate, integrate and support research excellence and innovation development in Lithuania, the Baltic Sea region, and Europe,
- Support researchers, physicians, and entrepreneurs in the field of healthy ageing science, technology and biotechnology to produce innovations beneficial for the society and economy of Lithuania and beyond.

To achieve this long-term vision, the CoE will leverage the knowledge, experience and resources of three Lithuanian universities – KTU, LSMU, and VU - with the support of two advanced partners of the Baltic Sea region – LUND in Sweden, and VTT in Finland - in four strategic research and innovation topics: 

1. Mechanisms of age-related diseases
2. Biomarkers for age-related diseases
3. Diagnostics and monitoring technologies for age-related diseases
4. Regenerative technologies for age-related diseases

This project has the full support of the Lithuanian Government because it fits perfectly with the Lithuanian SMART Specialisation Strategy approved by the Government, and will allow an enhanced usage of the recently upgraded and newly built infrastructure for medical research in Lithuania.