SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Interacción humano-camélido en la Puna de Atacama (área surandina): Caza y demografía humana desde el arte rupestre

En este trabajo presentamos un análisis zooarqueológico de las relaciones humano-camélido durante el Holoceno en la Puna de Atacama (norte de Chile y Noroeste argentino) a través del estudio de composiciones rupestres interpretadas como escenas de caza durante el lapso entre 9700 y 2500 aP. Estas representaciones aluden a interacciones sociales y a un imaginario visual que vincula humanos y camélidos en un mismo acontecimiento. Planteamos que el estudio de estas manifestaciones pintadas puede aportar evidencia sustancial sobre las características de la caza comunal, la demografía de los cazadores recolectores y los primeros pastores del área surandina. Así, hemos podido identificar con el análisis del arte rupestre, tanto eventos de caza llevada a cabo por grupos locales, como así también cazas colectivas o comunales efectuadas por grupos agregados de población dentro de un ciclo anual o de agregaciones poblacionales extraordinarias. Esto representa un cálculo demográfico efectuado por primera vez a partir de las escenas de caza del arte rupestre.
EFFECT OF END POINT TEMPERATURE ON COOKING LOSSES, SHEAR FORCE, COLOR, PROTEIN SOLUBILITY AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF GOAT MEAT

The effect of end point cooking temperature on quality of goat semimembranosus muscle was evaluated. The semimembranosus muscles were removed from 15 goat legs, cut into strips (4.0 cm × 4.0 cm × 5.0 cm) and vacuum packaged. Vacuum-packed strips were heated to one of nine end point temperatures: raw, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85 and 90C. Cooking losses (CLs), shear force (SF), color, protein solubility and microstructure of strips were determined. Increasing end point temperature to more than 60C led to a significant increase in CL. SF showed a four-phase change as a result of increasing end point temperature from raw to 90C. The redness a* decreased significantly (P < 0.05) during the range of 50–80C. The collagen solubility significantly increased with increasing temperature up to 55C. The sarcoplasmic protein solubility decreased significantly (P < 0.01), while the myofibrillar protein solubility only increased a little with increasing temperature between 55 and 90C.



PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Cooking temperature has great influence on meat textural and eating qualities. This investigation measures the effects of end point cooking temperature on CLs, SF, color, protein solubility and microstructure of goat meat. The results are beneficial in terms of providing evidence of the trend and thus allow the industries and consumers to choose the best cooking temperature during processing of goat meat.
A Stochastic Frontier Approach to Model Technical Efficiency of Rice Farmers in Bangladesh: An Empirical Analysis

A study was conducted in the year 2008-2009 to estimate the farm-size-specific productivity and technical efficiency of all rice crops. Farm-size- specific technical efficiency scores were estimated using stochastic production frontiers. There were wide of variations of productivity among farms, where large farms exhibited the highest productivity. Gross return was the highest for small farms and net return was the highest for marginal farms. The lowest net return or the highest cost of production was accrued from both the highest wage rate and highest amount of labour used in medium farms. The marginal farms experienced the highest benefit-cost ratio (BCR) followed by small and medium farms. Average technical efficiency for large, medium, small, marginal and all farms were respectively 0.88, 0.92, 0.94, 0.75 and 0.88. There were significant technical inefficiency effects in the production of rice for marginal farms only. In this case, production cannot be increased by increasing efficiency with the existing technology except in marginal farms. The application of efficient management system would be able to increase production in the marginal farms. For other farms, increased managerial capacity is not enough for increased production, rather new investment and advanced technology are needed to increase production in these farms. On an average, farmers could increase 12 percent output with existing inputs and production technology. Fertiliser, manure, irrigation cost, insecticide cost, area under production and experience were important factors to increase production. In the technical inefficiency effect, age, education and family size had positive impact on efficiency effect, whereas land under household had negative impact on efficiency effect. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i2.13132 The Agriculturists 2012; 10(2) 9-19
An Approach Towards Structure Based Antimicrobial Peptide Design for Use in Development of Transgenic Plants: A Strategy for Plant Disease Management

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also known as host defense peptides (HDPs), are ubiquitous and vital components of innate defense response that present themselves as potential candidates for drug design, and aim to control plant and animal diseases. Though their application for plant disease management has long been studied with natural AMPs, cytotoxicity and stability related shortcomings for the development of transgenic plants limit their usage. Newer technologies like molecular modelling, NMR spectroscopy and combinatorial chemistry allow screening for potent candidates and provide new avenues for the generation of rationally designed synthetic AMPs with multiple biological functions. Such AMPs can be used for the control of plant diseases that lead to huge yield losses of agriculturally important crop plants, via generation of transgenic plants. Such approaches have gained significant attention in the past decade as a consequence of increasing antibiotic resistance amongst plant pathogens, and the shortcomings of existing strategies that include environmental contamination and human/animal health hazards amongst others. This review summarizes the recent trends and approaches used for employing AMPs, emphasizing on designed/modified ones, and their applications toward agriculture and food technology.
Sociocomplexity — new paradigms for understanding complex group-level adaptation

Natural selection explains the appearance of design in the living world. But at what level is adaptive design expected to manifest (gene, organism or society) and what is its function? Adaptation may manifest at multiple levels, and indeed new levels of adaptive individuality may evolve over time – such as with the emergence of multicellularity and eusociality. However, understanding the forces that drive such “major transitions” remains a challenge: current theory, with its focus on single, simple traits, has been unable to engage with issues of complex, coordinated adaptation at the level of the group, and this has led to a striking mismatch between theory and data. In particular, there is currently very poor understanding of what drives conflicts within groups and how group-level adaptation can sometimes prevail despite these conflicts. My research team will develop new theoretical and in silico experimental paradigms for studying complex, group-level adaptation to resolve these problems. We will: (1) synthesize the theories of inclusive fitness and multilevel selection to allow direct engagement with complex adaptive design at multiple levels of biological organization; (2) take a geometric approach to social adaptation to determine how complex, multidimensional phenotypes evolve in the context of social conflicts; (3) develop a computational paradigm for group-level adaptation in which complexity may be quantified and tracked over evolutionary timescales; and (4) employ genomic imprinting as a tractable model of major transitions, to understand how conflicts of interest arise and how they resolve to maintain or disrupt the adaptive integrity of the organism, with applications to childhood cancers and growth, fertility and neurological disorders. This research will yield novel insights into the fundamental drivers of complex adaptation at the level of whole organisms and successful societies.
Stimulate demand for sustainable energy skills with circularity as a driver and multifunctional green use of roofs, façades and interior elements as focus.

The overall aim of BUS-GoCircular is to address and overcome the challenges of the stimulation of demand for green energy skilled workforce, along with hands-on capacity building to increase the number of skilled workforce across the value chain. BUS-GoCircular will achieve this objective by developing and implementing a circular construction skills qualification framework with a focus on multifunctional green roofs, façades and interior elements. In addition, the project is strengthened by application of successful train-the-trainer methods and techniques for upskilling both demand and supply sides of the value chain involved. For stimulation of demand for sustainable energy skills, specific activities concerning companies, real estate, home owners and local authorities will be developed, including support towards legislative changes through circular green procurement and recognition of skills. Implementation will be carried out at country-specific and regional levels, based on a blend of measures to stimulate demand complemented with hands-on and practical upskilling of local and regional training capacity and workforce. In this way, broad engagement of SMEs will be ensured.

BUS-GoCircular is formed by a coalition of former BUILD UP Skills and Construction Skills projects strengthened by partners understanding the demand side. The partners believe that by working together, the national implementation plans and developed means will improve and become more attractive and effective. BUS-GoCircular is strengthened by several EU umbrella organisations and a diverse group of supporters to underpin the support base, to co-create when tackling the challenges and to communicate and disseminate successes and lessons learned.
College-Major Choice to College-Then-Major Choice

Many countries use college-major-specific admissions policies that require a student to choose a college-major pair jointly. Given the potential of student-major mismatches, we explore the equilibrium effects of postponing student choice of major. We develop a sorting equilibrium model under the college-major-specific admissions regime, allowing for match uncertainty and peer effects. We estimate the model using Chilean data. We introduce the counterfactual regime as a Stackelberg game in which a social planner chooses college-specific admissions policies and students make enrollment decisions, learn about their fits to various majors before choosing one. Our estimates indicate that switching from the baseline to the counterfactual regime leads to a 1% increase in average student welfare and that it is more likely to benefit female, low-income and/or low-ability students.
The eu migration/refugee crisis and border security: a contribution to theory and practice through the case of hungarian-serb border policing practices

In 2015 more than 1 million refugees and migrants entered Europe largely from conflict-ridden states such as Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan. The Hungarian government single-handedly decided to stop the migration by building a barbwire wall along the Hungarian-Serb border. Many observers agree that building the fence was primarily a domestic political act to help the Prime Minister Viktor Orbán and his party Fidesz to gain the far-right vote in support of his and his party’s re-election. Nonetheless, his landslide victory, predictably won on a populist ticket rallying against migrants and Muslims in April 2018, together with media and NGO reports on the treatment of migrants and refugees seemed to suggest to the outside world that the Hungarians were predominantly right-leaning, anti-migrant people who lack humanitarian compassion and are thus different from other Europeans. As my preliminary findings of exploratory research at the Hungarian-Serb border in summer 2018 suggest, however, the situation is much more nuanced. There is a substantial gap between the border police, local policing organisations, the local border communities, on the one hand, and local and national politicians, and the international media perception of the events and the Hungarian migration/refugee crisis and border security management, on the other. At the theoretical level, this raises a larger issue in security studies: how does securitizing work in practice? Taking securitization practices seriously through focusing on everyday performances of security, this project aims to analyse (1) how communities manage security concerns locally (especially when these concerns are ignored in the national or international spheres); (2) how local security concerns are mobilised elsewhere for political gains; and (3) how mistrust between communities is generated locally, nationally and internationally in order to explain the de-facto re-militarised EU border.
Field Measurements of Sound Insulation in Large, Open Rooms

The international standards governing the measurement of sound insulation in buildings (ISO 140) do not explicitly cover the methodology of taking measurements in large open rooms. A building with open plan floors, each of about 1300 m 2 , is considered here. The ISO 140-14 standard, through an analysis of sound level distribution, allowed smaller partitions to be identified and used as reference volumes. Different index calculation methods allowed critical issues to be highlighted. The impact sound index was strongly affected by geometry (i.e., volume); therefore, its calculation using different virtual volumes gave differing results. Furthermore, the index calculated using the logarithmic average of the indices for each virtual volume and an extended analysis of measurements over the entire floor provided different results. The airborne sound insulation index was demonstrated to be independent of the choice of virtual volumes; it could be consistently calculated using either the logarithmic average or the extended analysis.
Novel closed-cage system for high-value marine aquaculture

The global demand for seafood is in a period of exceptional growth, making up 16% of all consumed animal protein, or 119m tonnes annually, expected to increase to 152m tonnes by 2030. Wild stocks, are near or beyond their sustainable limit, resulting in an annual production shortfall of ca. 30m tonnes by 2030. Farmed seafood provides a clear, viable alternative and consumer demand can thus drive a striking growth in aquaculture, if current technological and regulatory barriers can be
overcome.

Currently marine aquaculture uses net-based open aquaculture systems (OAS) concentrating high numbers of fish in a confined area, leading to disease outbreaks (and transmission to wild stocks), pollution by fish sludge and chemicals used against diseases and algae growths, and from fish escapes, all threatening wild stocks and the local environment. The regulatory response varies but tends towards strict limits on production capacity, expected to tighten further in coming years, which, combined with the shortage of appropriate, sheltered in-shore seasites, act as a major barrier to further expansion and growth for European and global marine aquaculture.

To unlock aquaculture’s potential for Blue Growth and jobs creation, alternative technologies must be brought to market; technologies that limit or eliminate the environmental impact of OAS in a cost-efficient way to preserve the environment while boosting the competitiveness and profitability of European marine aquaculture by allowing expansion. With NEPTUN, we will bring to market a cost-effective, closed-cage aquaculture system that combines an impermeable and durable fibreglass enclosure with an innovative hatch technology, optimising day-to-day management and operational control. The durable construction eliminates fish escapes while enablning a far higher degree of control of pathogens thus significantly lowering the need for pharmaceuticals and pesticides as well as reducing the economic risks from disease outbreaks.
Do the Noncaffeine Ingredients of Energy Drinks Affect Metabolic Responses to Heavy Exercise?

Energy drinks (EDs) such as Red Bull (RB) are marketed to enhance metabolism. Secondary ingredients of EDs (e.g., taurine) have been purported to improve time trial performance; however, little research exists on how such secondary ingredients affect aerobic metabolism during heavy exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the secondary ingredients of RB on aerobic metabolism during and subsequent to heavy exercise. In double-blind, counterbalanced, and crossover fashion, 8 recreationally trained individuals completed a graded exercise test to determine the gas exchange threshold (GET). Subjects returned on 2 separate occasions and ingested either a 245 ml serving of RB or a control (CTRL) drink with the equivalent caffeine before engaging in two 10-minute constant-load cycling bouts, at an intensity equivalent to GET, with 3 minutes of rest between bouts. Accumulated liters of O2 (10 minutes) were higher for the first bout (17.1 ± 3.5 L) vs. the second bout (16.7 ± 3.5 L) but did not differ between drinks. Similarly, excess postexercise oxygen consumption was higher after the initial bout (RB mean, 2.6 ± 0.85 L; CTRL mean, 2.9 ± 0.90 L) vs. the second bout (RB mean, 1.5 ± 0.85 L; CTRL mean, 1.9 ± 0.87 L) but did not differ between drinks. No differences occurred between drinks for measures of heart rate or rating of perceived exertion. These results indicate that the secondary ingredients contained in a single serving of RB do not augment aerobic metabolism during or subsequent to heavy exercise.
Competitive value chain for viable BIPV_x000D_
in building renovation

The BIPV project aims to create new business perspectives in the integrated photovoltaic technology (BIPV) supply chain, for the recovery of the existing building stock of the cross-border intervention territories. The project will carry out an analysis of the legislative, regulatory and procedural context (WP)_x000D_
_x000D_
3.1) and the estimate of the solar potential of the area (WP)._x000D_
_x000D_
3.2) In order to identify the possibilities of the supply chain development. The involvement of all users (WP)._x000D_
_x000D_
3.3) Will serve to increase knowledge and remove the obstacles that slow down the spread of BIPV technologies (WP)._x000D_
_x000D_
3.4) The project will collect exemplary case studies at company and implementation level, defining guidelines and tools to promote the spread of BIPV technologies (WP4). The material will be the basis for the development of new business models and financial mechanisms for the stakeholders involved (WP5) .The dissemination of results and material developed in the project aims to improve the technological and cultural transfer across the entire value chain and create an operational tool that can be replicated in the various cross-border areas (WP2).
Effect of local materials on the silver sorption and strength of ceramic water filters

Abstract In this paper, we present a systematic evaluation of the effects of local clays and the manufacturing process on the performance of ceramic water filters (CWFs) impregnated with silver compounds, which are used for point-of-use water treatment in developing countries. Mineral composition, silver sorption/desorption, and strength are the important characteristics that influence effectiveness and durability of CWFs during transport and use. Laboratory tests were conducted on ceramic samples obtained from five CWF factories around the world to determine their mineral composition, silver sorption/desorption, and flexural strength. The results of this study showed that clays that contain traces of crystalline albite or crystalline pyroxene have better sorption of silver species than those that do not. The results showed that the Freundlich model provided the best fit for both ionic silver and silver nanoparticles for all of the ceramic materials that were tested. Thus, this model can be used to optimize the manufacturing process and the application of silver. Silver nanoparticles were desorbed more slowly than ionic silver, so they last longer in the ceramic material. Water that contains a high concentration of divalent ions is not recommended for preparing solutions of silver nanoparticles due to aggregation of the particles, which limits their sorption by the ceramic materials. In this study, the mineralogy of the source materials was found to have the most significant influence on the strength of ceramic filters.
Flood estimation in complex orographic area for risk mitigation in alpine space

FLORA aims to improve the operational use of tools for defense against floods in areas with  complex terrain such as Alpine valleys I-CH. Provides for the application of new technologies  support for monitoring and early warning systems through a) improving the estimate of  precipitation on the small scale space-time is essential for the evaluation of  full of mountain basins, in terms of forecasting (weather patterns) and observation  (radar), b) testing of innovative tools (such as radar ensemble) for the  Nowcasting of flash floods on small watersheds, hydrological models for food  estimates in real time. Finally, provides for the updating of probabilistic assessments of  course of full-scale NUT2, indispensable tool for assessing the risk of  flooding, and more generally for the correct sizing of hydraulic structures.
A nonlinear model for deepwater steel lazy-wave riser configuration with ocean current and internal flow

Steel lazy-wave riser (SLWR) has gained a viable solution as a kind of advanced steel catenary riser (SCR) to meet the increasing challenges of simple catenary riser on large hang-off tension and fatigue damage of touchdown point (TDP) in deepwater applications. The configuration and static performance of SLWR are essential during its design stage and varies a lot when subjected to loading from ocean current and internal flow. The governing equations which consist of conventional small deformation beam theory for the portion of pipeline lying on the seabed, coupled with a large deformation beam theory for the suspended section are established. The proposed model with appropriate boundary conditions can simulate the nonlinear mechanical behavior of SLWR with the effect of pipe–soil interaction, ocean current and internal flow. The finite difference method is adopted to obtain the numerical results, and comprehensive parametric analysis is carried out to investigate the influences of ocean current and internal flow on the riser’s static performance. The proposed model can be an important reference for the design and analysis of deepwater SLWR.
Fast Tuning of Double Fano Resonance Using A Phase-Change Metamaterial Under Low Power Intensity

In this work, we numerically demonstrate an all-optical tunable Fano resonance in a fishnet metamaterial(MM) based on a metal/phase-change material(PCM)/metal multilayer. We show that the displacement of the elliptical nanoholes from their centers can split the single Fano resonance (FR) into a double FR, exhibiting higher quality factors. The tri-layer fishnet MMs with broken symmetry accomplishes a wide tuning range in the mid-infrared(M-IR) regime by switching between the amorphous and crystalline states of the PCM (Ge2Sb2Te5). A photothermal model is used to study the temporal variation of the temperature of the Ge2Sb2Te5 film to show the potential for switching the phase of Ge2Sb2Te5 by optical heating. Generation of the tunable double FR in this asymmetric structure presents clear advantages as it possesses a fast tuning time of 0.36 ns, a low pump light intensity of 9.6 μW/μm(2), and a large tunable wavelength range between 2124 nm and 3028 nm. The optically fast tuning of double FRs using phase change metamaterials(PCMMs) may have potential applications in active multiple-wavelength nanodevices in the M-IR region.