SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
From Advocacy to Confrontation: Direct Enforcement by Environmental NGOs

We analyze forms of environmental activism that eschew the “information and socialization” politics typically associated with Transnational Advocacy Groups (TAGs) and instead favor direct, confrontational strategies, whose aim is to enforce international law. While mainstream TAGs typically seek influence through norm entrepreneurship, lobbying or “naming and shaming”, what we label Direct Enforcement (DE) intervenes directly to halt (purportedly) illegal practices by states and private actors. DE activism has been most visible in transnational campaigns to protect endangered marine species, where environmental groups have resorted to damaging equipment used for illegal fishing and boarding fishing boats to enforce maritime conservation law. Often branded as eco-terrorism, such confrontational strategies have been largely ignored by scholarly literature on transnational activism. We contend that DE merits closer attention by IR-scholars for two reasons. First, DE activism plays an important role in enhancing the compliance pull of international laws in an area—the global environment—where states often lack capacity and political will to enforce international agreements. Second, an analysis of DE-activism provides important insights about issue selection and relative campaign success under different structural circumstances, thereby expanding our understanding of transnational advocacy more generally.
Wind tunnel test for flow control at the engine/pylon with a representative aircraft configuration under fully realistic flow conditions

The Active Flow Wind tunnel Test (AFloWTest) project considers the testing of a realistic high lift configuration half-model with a large and with a Ultra High Bypass Ratio (UHBR) flow-through nacelle. An existing half model will be adapted with an UHBR nacelle and for the application of Active Flow Control (AFC) systems at the upper side of the wing near the wing pylon interface in order to improve the high lift performance of the configuration. The application of AFC is considered in order to diminish the detrimental effects of applying a large nacelle in close proximity of the wing, necessitating a slat cutback. Different AFC systems will be installed and tested: a Pulsed Jet Actuator (PJA) and a Steady Blowing (SB) device. Each will be tested at one position. Low speed tests (Ma=0.1 to 0.3) need to be made at representatively high Reynolds number. With the target half model sufficiently high Reynolds number (Re based on mean aerodynamic chord) can only be obtained in a highly pressurized wind tunnel or in a cryogenic facility. The DNW-KKK cryogenic wind tunnel has been selected for the test. 
Overall model forces will be measured and local influence of the AFC systems needs to be monitored, using surface streamline pattern visualization with mini-tufts, complemented with detailed PIV measurements of the separated flow and flow topology over the wing downstream of the wing pylon/nacelle interface.
Methodology for Checking Shortcomings in Three-Dimensional Alignment

Road design by highway planning authorities and planning offices is performed at three separate levels: the horizontal and the vertical projections and the cross section. Experiments have shown that shortcomings in the three-dimensional (3-D) alignment may still occur when these three levels are processed separately and then superimposed. It makes sense to calculate virtual perspective views and special control parameters with the use of visualization tools and then to check the 3-D alignment with those tools. Shortcomings of this kind can cause accidents, particularly on two-lane rural roads. Unified model assumptions that match the driver's vision must be set to ensure the comparability of the central perspective views. Drivers absorb images from a central perspective when driving along a road. A driver's inability to recognize a section of the road in the driving area ahead gives rise to blind sections. Designers need to use standard 3-D elements as much possible. These shortcomings are of two major types: those that are safety related and those that are merely aesthetic. A methodology has been developed to check the 3-D alignment for shortcomings in the three basic stages (checking for standard 3-D elements, safety-related shortcomings, and aesthetic shortcomings). By using the visualization tool VISS ALL 3D, the design engineer can calculate the virtual perspective views with the safety-related shortcomings and illustrate them in the blind-section graph. Shortcomings in the 3-D alignment must be eliminated at the end of the redesign process.
Spheroids as a tool to assess realistic long term effects of mixtures of nanomaterials and chemicals

Humans and the environment are simultaneously exposed to a plethora of pollutants. Nanomaterials (NMs) constitute a new class of substances with very particular physico-chemical properties whose use is steadily increasing a wide variety of products. Significant advances have been made in the field of NM toxicology, however most studies fail to consider the influence of NMs on the effects of other substances that co-exist in the environment and in particular the long term effects of these mixtures. In vitro approaches, particularly those allowing long term exposures as three dimensional (3D) cell cultures can generate essential information on the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of very low, environmentally realistic, concentrations of substances that only cause effects after long periods of exposure. The central objective of this proposal is to study the combined effects of NMs and pre-existing chemicals widely distributed in the environment using 3D cell cultures and long-term exposures to perform appropriate assessment of the effects associated with nanotechnology products. Achieving this outcome, the present project will provide an insight into the intracellular fate of NM, the transfer of NMs from cell to cell, and the effects of the combination of NM-organic substances. This information will support the safe and sustainable use of NMs as carriers of other substances (e.g. pesticides or antibiotics) in agriculture or livestock farming. This project addresses some important areas on the ecotoxicity of NMs declared as needed within the framework of REACH regulation. The topic of this project is directly related to the Social Challenges (agriculture, environment and health) and Industrial Leadership (nanotechnology) strategic policy objectives of Horizon 2020 programme. Moreover, the use of this experimental approach is requested under the call for “Science-based risk assessment and management of nanotechnologies” of the above mentioned work programme.
Phase prodromale du trouble bipolaire

The prodromal phase is generally described as a subsyndromal stage preceding the disease onset. The characterization of such phase found its main purpose in secondary prevention. Up to now, clinical research relating to this topic in mental health has primarily focus on schizophrenic disorders. Over the last years, some studies have applied similar methods in order to characterize a preclinical phase in bipolar disorders. In spite of the fact that this strategy appears less adequate in bipolar disorders, these studies have demonstrated the existence of prodromal signs in a majority of patients. However, these features appear for the moment neither sufficiently characteristic, nor sufficiently specific to allow the construction of suitable assessment instruments, or to suggest precise guidelines in the management of these subjects. Also, these prodromal features show considerable overlap with other psychiatric disorders, especially attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and schizophrenia Interestingly, a limited number of studies have looked at the number of patients considered in a prodromal phase of schizophrenia which later developed a bipolar disorder and reported substantial proportions of subjects in this case, further highlighting the obvious bias in favor of schizophrenia in the actual prevention politics. In order to identify potential candidates at a prodromal phase of bipolar disorders that could benefit from early intervention, studies have relied on both high genetic risk and symptoms at the boundary of the actual classification. However, even within such approach, pharmacological treatments have not proven obvious advantage in terms of prevention. It is suggested that adopting a more longitudinal vision of the disease and, given the mean age of onset of bipolar disorder and a fortiori of its prodromal phase, a more developmental perspective of individuals, could help lowering the confusion in this field ; Also, given the considerable overlap in prodromal features between different psychiatric disorders, early detection programs could benefit from implementing approach open to multiple diseases assessment, rather than hyper-specialization in a specific disorder.
Optical–optical isomerization mechanism for the third-order optical nonlinearity in side-chain azobenzene copolymer

Abstract The third-order optical nonlinear properties of a side-chain azobenzene copolymer have been studied using the Z -scan technique at 532 nm with 35 ps pulses. The mechanism has been described in detail via an optical–optical isomerization. The two-photon absorption coefficient β was measured to be 234 cm/GW and the nonlinear refraction coefficient γ was measured to be −104×10 −4  cm 2 /GW at the on-axis peak intensities I 0 of 0.5623 GW/cm 2 . It is found that β and γ decreased significantly with increasing I 0 , and the faster optical responses of β and γ should prove valuable in optical signal processing devices.
Orthogonal Laurent polynomials on the unit circle, extended CMV ordering and 2D Toda type integrable hierarchies

We connect the theory of orthogonal Laurent polynomials on the unit circle and the theory of Toda-like integrable systems using the Gauss–Borel factorization of a Cantero–Moral–Velázquez moment matrix, that we construct in terms of a complex quasi-definite measure supported on the unit circle. The factorization of the moment matrix leads to orthogonal Laurent polynomials on the unit circle and the corresponding second kind functions. We obtain Jacobi operators, 5-term recursion relations, Christoffel–Darboux kernels, and corresponding Christoffel–Darboux formulas from this point of view in a completely algebraic way. We generalize the Cantero–Moral–Velázquez sequence of Laurent monomials, recursion relations, Christoffel–Darboux kernels, and corresponding Christoffel–Darboux formulas in this extended context. We introduce continuous deformations of the moment matrix and we show how they induce a time dependent orthogonality problem related to a Toda-type integrable system, which is connected with the well known Toeplitz lattice. We obtain the Lax and Zakharov–Shabat equations using the classical integrability theory tools. We explicitly derive the dynamical system associated with the coefficients of the orthogonal Laurent polynomials and we compare it with the classical Toeplitz lattice dynamical system for the Verblunsky coefficients of Szegő polynomials for a positive measure. Discrete flows are introduced and related to Darboux transformations. Finally, we obtain the representation of the orthogonal Laurent polynomials (and their second kind functions), using the formalism of Miwa shifts in terms of τ -functions and the subsequent bilinear equations.
AXLE ROLLER BEARING SEAL SHROUD

A bearing assembly comprising a bearing cup having two ends, with a pair of outer raceways formed one adjacent each end of the bearing cup. A pair of bearing cones form a pair of inner raceways. Two rows of tapered roller bearings with each row received between one inner raceway and one outer raceway. A pair of wear rings are provided, each having a first axially inwardly directed end in engagement with an outwardly directed end of a bearing cone. A pair of seals each having a first end fitted into one into one of the bearing cup cylindrical counterbores. Each seal has a second end including a resilient element to form a seal with one of the wear rings. A second end of each wear ring is received in a cylindrical counterbore in each annular backing ring. A circular shroud is located radially outer and adjacent to one seal.
Timing fertiliy- a comparative analysis of time constructions and the social practice of egg-freezing in germany and israel

Technological advancements in reproductive medicine have introduced the new concept of ""FREEZING"". Nowadays, healthy women are given the possibility to cryopreserve their oocytes in order to prolong their fertility, a procedure known as ""social egg freezing"". There is an ongoing bioethical academic and public debate on the social and ethical implications of this practice. The here proposed socio-empirical research is interested in extending our understanding of the concept of ""freezing"" in broader contexts, while analyzing it through the prism of 'sociology of time'. Egg freezing constitutes an extremely fascinating paradigm for studying concepts of time, timing, planning and its social-technological manipulation related to modern life science. In line with the IF work program's focus on creativity, innovation and diversity, this research aims to examine the interplay of culture and bioethics in an interdisciplinary and empirical manner, focusing on and comparing experts' and lay positions and using a cross-cultural German-Israeli comparative research framework. This cross-cultural comparison is especially interesting since the German regulatory and legal framework regarding new reproductive technologies is rather restrictive, while the Israeli regulation has been identified as extremely permissive. Using qualitative in depth interviews with relevant experts as well as users of social egg freeing, this research aims at (a) In-depth empirical analysis of time in the context of reproductive medicine; (b) A cross sectional analysis of social egg freezing by comparing two national contexts as well as experts and ordinary (lay) ethics; and (c) Theorization of the time dimension for the relationship of reproduction, labor and gender. Thus, this innovative research is expected to enhance the researcher academic competence and the transfer of new knowledge.
Performance Analysis of Automobile Industry in Taiwan with Data Envelopment Analysis

The development of automobile industry in a country represents the industrial standard of the country that the quantity of automobiles in a country could be treated as the indicator of the living standard. It is why the industrial countries would commit to the development of automobile industry. With the automobile industry performance in 2007-2009 as the research bases, this study integrates Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist Productivity Analysis to measure the total efficiency (TE), pure technical efficiency (PTE), and scale efficiency (SE) of nine automobile businesses in Taiwan for the manufacturers to further improve the operating efficiency. The empirical results show the average total efficiency being 0.89 in the three years, when Kuozui Motors presents the best performance on total efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency, while Sanyang Industry the worst. With Sensitivity Analysis and Slack Variable Analysis, this study proposes several suggestions for the rest automobile businesses to improve the operation toward the permanent optimal scale.
Early Selection of <i>Larix principis-rupprechtii</i>

The growth process of tree height and basal diameter of 24-year old of 416 felled individual plants were measured to detect correlation between the early and late growth of Larix principis-rupprechtii . Rank correlation, phenotypic and genetic correlation between height, basal diameter and the tree-age were analyzed. Results showed that height of Larix principis-rupprechtii in early tree-age was closely correlated with that in late tree-age. It was feasible for early prediction and selection. It could select preferred in 2-year old nursery seedlings, and the second suitable selection period was at the age of 9-13. And tree height was a good indicator for early selection.
An emissivity measurement apparatus for near infrared spectrum

Abstract This study develops a new experimental apparatus for infrared spectral emissivity measurements which consists mainly of the following four parts: sample heating system, blackbody furnace, optical system, and data acquisition system. This apparatus focuses on the near-infrared spectral emissivity measurement covering the temperature range from 473 K to 1273 K and the wavelengths between 0.8 μm and 2.2 μm. The apparatus and the measurement method are described in detail, and an improved method is presented to minimize measurement error. The spectral emissivity of pure titanium TA1, oxidized nickel and 304 austenitic stainless steel are measured to validate the reliability and reproducibility of experimental apparatus. The experimental results in this study are in good agreement with those of other literatures. Various uncertainty sources in emissivity measurement are analyzed, and the combined standard uncertainty of this system is less than 3.9%.
Chondroitin Sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-2 Contributes to the Replication of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus via Interaction with the Capsid Protein VP2

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a birnavirus that causes a highly contagious immunosuppressive disease in young chickens. The capsid protein VP2 of IBDV plays multiple roles in its life cycle. To more comprehensively understand the functions of VP2 involved in the communication between virus and host, we used yeast two-hybrid screening to identify the cellular factors that interact with this protein. We found that chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-2 (CSGalNAcT2), a typical type II transmembrane protein located in Golgi apparatus, could interact with VP2, and we confirmed this interaction by co-immunoprecipitation and confocal laser scanning microscopy assays. Additionally, up-regulation of CSGalNAcT2 during IBDV infection was observed. Overexpression and siRNA-mediated knockdown of CSGalNAcT2 assays suggested that CSGalNAcT2 promoted IBDV replication. Moreover, this enhancing effect of CSGalNAcT2 could be inhibited by Brefeldin A, which is a Golgi-disturbing agent. This indicated that the integrity of Golgi apparatus structure was involved in the function of CSGalNAcT2. Taken together, we concluded that CSGalNAcT2, located in the Golgi apparatus, contributed to the replication of IBDV via interaction with VP2.
IMAGE DISPLAY APPARATUS AND IMAGE DISPLAY METHOD

According to an aspect of an exemplary embodiment, an image display method may include displaying, on a display (120), an item list including a plurality of items and a cursor; detecting a user input for moving the cursor; and moving the cursor based on the user input and changing a property of at least one item of the plurality of items included in the item list based on a spatial relationship between the at least one item and the cursor.
Attract, retain and develop new nuclear talents beyond academic curricula

The primary motivation of the ENEN+ project is to substantially contribute to the revival of the interest of young generations in the careers in nuclear sector. This is to be achieved by pursuing the following main objectives: 
• Attract new talents to careers in nuclear.
• Develop the attracted talents beyond academic curricula.
• Increase the retention of attracted talents in nuclear careers.
• Involve the nuclear stakeholders within EU and beyond.
• Sustain the revived interest for nuclear careers.
The ENEN+ consortium will focus on the learners and careers in the following nuclear disciplines:
• Nuclear reactor engineering and safety,
• Waste management and geological disposal,
• Radiation protection and
• Medical applications.
Integration of further nuclear disciplines (e.g., nuclear chemistry, decommissioning, fusion engineering…) and sustainability of the ENEN+ accomplishments beyond the project life of is foreseen within the existing ENEN Association and its members and partnering of ENEN association with ongoing and proposed projects.
The attraction, retention and development of the new nuclear talent can only be sustained beyond the project life through strong partnership of all nuclear stakeholders. Involvement of various nuclear stakeholders including academia, industry, international organisations (ENS, FORATOM, IAEA, NUGENIA) and Technical support organisations in the ENEN+ consortium is therefore of primary importance for the success and sustainability of the proposed activities also beyond the life of ENEN+. A mobility fund of more than 1.000.000EUR for European students researchers and learners is established in the project.
Co-Targeting androgen receptor signalling and dna damage repair for precision therapy in advanced prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the 2nd most common cancer in the western world. The advanced stage, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), is a lethal disease. Understanding inter-patient genomic heterogeneity renders the opportunity to advance towards personalised patient care. Prostate cancer is a disease primarily driven by the androgen receptor (AR) pathway; however, the applicant prior work contributed to identifying 1) that up to 25% of mCRPC harbour defects in DNA damage repair (DDR) genes, and 2) that some of these mCPRC patients with DDR defects are sensitive to targeted treatment with PARP inhibitors.  In the proposed research plan, we aim to exploit the cross-regulation between AR and DDR pathways to optimize precise therapeutic options for mCRPC patients.   To achieve the objectives, the applicant will use models generated at the host through CRISRP/Cas9 to pursue functional studies and characterise how defects in ATM impact DDR function and sensitivity to inhibitors of PARP, ATR and DNA-PK. We hypothesize such sensitivity would be modulated by co-targeting of the AR pathway and by second events such as TP53 loss-of-function. ChIP-Seq assays will be pursued to identify genes co-regulated by the androgen receptor and PARP-1, to identify potential synthetic vulnerabilities. Then, mCRPC patient’s biopsies acquired in clinical practice from patients receiving AR-targeting therapies will be used to study how AR inhibition modulate transcriptional regulation of DDR pathways, to inform the optimal design of combination therapies. These data would be correlated with genomics and immunofluorescence tests of homologous recombination function, in order to refine patient stratification in the clinic.  The proposed research will be conducted in parallel to a personalised training and career development plans, designed for the applicant to achieve a position of academic independence as physician-scientist before the end of the fellowship at the host institute.
Creep tests on GFRP pultruded specimens subjected to traction or shear

Abstract In this paper, experimental long-term tests on pultruded GFRP specimens are presented. Specimens have been subjected to constant traction and shear forces for about 760 days. The tests have been performed under controlled temperature (20 °C) and humidity (60% RH) inside a climatic room. The specimens under traction have been cut from plates and from the flanges of a wide flange GFRP pultruded beam; the specimens under shear loadings have been extracted from the web of the same beam. Moreover, some specimens have been stiffened by bonding CFRP sheets to both sides, in order to study how their introduction may reduce the specimen deformability under long term loading. Results from the unstiffened specimens have been interpreted by means of the Findley law, the reference model for creep in polymers and FRP, in terms of strains and creep coefficient. A simple model has been finally proposed to predict strains in stiffened specimens and by taking stress redistribution into account.