SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Passive and active contributions to generated force and retraction in heart valve tissue engineering

In tissue engineered heart valves, cell-mediated stress development during culture results in leaflet retraction at time of implantation. This tissue retraction is partly active due to traction forces exerted by the cells and partly passive due to release of residual stress in the extracellular matrix and the cells. Within this study, we unraveled the passive and active contributions of cells and matrix to generated force and retraction in engineered heart valve tissues. Tissue engineered rectangular strips, fabricated from PGA/P4HB scaffolds and seeded with human myofibroblasts, were cultured for 4 weeks, after which the cellular contribution was changed at different levels. Elimination of the active cellular traction forces was achieved with Cytochalasin D and inhibition of the Rho-associated kinase pathway. Both active and passive cellular contributions were eliminated by lysation and/or decellularization of the tissue. Maximum cell activity was reached by increasing the fetal bovine serum concentration to 50%. The generated force decreased ~20% after elimination of the active cellular component, ~25% when the passive cellular component was removed as well and remained unaffected by increased serum concentrations. Passive retraction accounted for ~60% of total retraction, of which ~15% was residual stress in the matrix and ~45% was passive cell retraction. Cell traction forces accounted for the remainder ~40% of the retraction. Full activation of the cells increased retraction by ~45%. These results illustrate the importance of the cells in the process of tissue retraction, not only actively retracting the tissue, but also in a passive manner to a large extent.
Controlling cardiomyocyte dyadic structure

Contraction and relaxation of cardiac myocytes, and thus the whole heart, are critically dependent on dyads. These functional junctions between t-tubules, which are invaginations of the surface membrane, and the sarcoplasmic reticulum allow efficient control of calcium release into the cytosol, and also its removal. Dyads are formed gradually during development and break down during disease. However, the precise nature of dyadic structure is unclear, even in healthy adult cardiac myocytes, as are the triggers and consequences of altering dyadic integrity. In this proposal, my group will investigate the precise 3-dimensional arrangement of dyads and their proteins during development, adulthood, and heart failure by employing CLEM imaging (PALM and EM tomography). This will be accomplished by developing transgenic mice with fluorescent labels on four dyadic proteins (L-type calcium channel, ryanodine receptor, sodium-calcium exchanger, SERCA), and by imaging tissue from explanted normal and failing human hearts. The signals responsible for controlling dyadic formation, maintenance, and disruption will be determined by performing high-throughput sequencing to identify novel genes involved with these processes in several established model systems. Particular focus will be given to investigating left ventricular wall stress and stretch-dependent gene regulation as controllers of dyadic integrity. Candidate genes will be manipulated in cell models and transgenic animals to promote dyadic formation and maintenance, and reverse dyadic disruption in heart failure. The consequences of dyadic structure for function will be tested experimentally and with mathematical modeling to examine effects on cardiac myocyte calcium homeostasis and whole-heart function. The results of this project are anticipated to yield unprecedented insight into dyadic structure, regulation, and function, and to identify novel therapeutic targets for heart disease patients.
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR LAYING DOWN SYNTHETIC FIBRES TO FORM A NONWOVEN

The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for laying down synthetic fibres to form a nonwoven, in which the synthetic fibres are blown through a drawing nozzle as a fibre stream in a free space in the direction of a laydown belt. According to the invention, before it impinges on the laydown belt, the fibre stream is guided through a guiding section which is formed between two guiding means, wherein one of the guiding means is arranged on a belt exit side and an opposite guide means is arranged on a belt inlet side and they form an open fibre inlet gap at a spacing from the drawing nozzle for the entry into the guiding section, and wherein the guiding section extends as far as the laydown belt.
Lemon less energy more opportunities

LEMON ""Less Energy More OpportuNities"" focusses on energy investments in the Social Housing sector and involves 2 Housing Company of Emilia Romagna Region ACER Reggio Emilia and ACER Parma,  launching 15,29 M€ of energy investments in 622 private and public social housing dwellings.
The project will develop innovative, bankable and aggregated sustainable energy investment scheme based on the following aspects:
-  LEMON will be a pilot project for the Emilia Romagna Region Social Housing Programme, creating a new financing model for energy retrofit interventions and developing a EPC model contracts that will mobilize 15,29 million Euros of investments in social housing buildings energy retrofitting, in order to reduce the buildings energy demand. LEMON will support the investments combining different financing instruments available at National and Regional level (ERDF funds, National financing, National incentive “Conto termico” and loans) and in particularly it will charge part of the investment on the rents according to the reduced energy costs for the tenants.
- LEMON will develop the Energy Performance Tenancy Agreement (EPTA). The contract between the tenants and the ACERs will ensure that a portion of the investments covered by ACER Reggio Emilia and ACER Parma with a loan is charged on the rents for as long as the loan is repaid, leveraging on the savings produced by the retrofit interventions.. 

The replication of the project will be based on a wide dissemination and capacity building strategy among the social housing companies at regional and national level, and also among other sectors (City councils, Provinces, Regional, public authorities, Groups that represent e.g. Local Government Association, National public authorities, Organisations working in the field of energy efficiency, ESCos, Companies) . 
The project results will be disseminate across Europe towards the EU networks Climate-Kic and Housing Europe.
BICYCLE LIGHTING SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Systems and methods for providing adequate lighting and sighting for a bicycle are disclosed. A lighting system that includes an illumination ring configured to be coupled to a wheel is also disclosed. The illumination ring is configured to simultaneously project light forward and to the side of a front wheel and to project light rearward of and to the side of a rear wheel. The illumination ring may be mounted to or integrated with the bicycle wheel. Methods of controlling light sources on the illumination ring are also disclosed.
Electrochemical sulfonylation of lysine residues in continuous flow microreactors.

Peptides are important molecules, ubiquitous in biological systems. Their relevance in the pharmaceutical sector is proven by the constant increase which the global market of peptide-based drugs is experiencing in the last years. As a consequence, several methods have been developed to modify peptides (e.g. condensation, cross-coupling, transition-metal catalysis, and photocatalysis), being lysine with its free amine one of the most preferred handles used by chemists to introduce a new moieties, e.g. cytotoxic drugs or fluorescent labels. Several transformations as alkylation, arylation, oxidation, acylation and condensation have been described for lysine. However, it would be very appealing to introduce selectively a sulfonyl group, which would result in the formation of a sulfonamide, a functionality which is widely employed in drugs. Although several oxidative sulfonylations are reported in the literature, their drawbacks motivate me to look for greener synthetic strategies. Electrosynthesis represents an advantageous alternative, which has been re-discovered in the last years also thanks to its employment in continuous-flow microreactors. With the support of this modern technology, it is possible to minimize the difficulties connected to older electrochemical processes (such as mass-transfer limitation, the need of a supporting electrolyte,and the difficult scale-up). ELECTROSULF aims at developing a novel sulfonylation of lysine by electrochemical means with the use of a flow microreactor. The reaction mechanism will be also properly studied.  My strong background in organic chemistry together with Prof. Timothy Noël’s expertise in flow processes and reaction miniaturization will guarantee the success of ELECTROSULF, whose achievement will have a great impact on the pharmaceutical sector, paving the path to a new approach for peptide modification.
PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF 1-ALKENYL ISOCYANATES

1440774 1-Alkenyl isocyanates BASF AG 26 Sept 1973 [27 Sept 1972] 45074/73 Addition to 1301936 Heading C2C 1-Alkenyl isocyanates of the formula wherein the R<SP>1</SP> groups are independently hydrogen atoms or alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or aryl radicals, or two of them complete carbocyclic rings, are obtained by thermal cleavage of N- (1-alkenyl)-carbamyl halides of the formula wherein X is a halogen atom and R<SP>3</SP> is a cycloaliphatic or aromatic radical or a radical of the formula R<SP>4</SP> and R<SP>5</SP> being independently aliphatic or aromatic radicals provided that R<SP>4</SP> may alternatively be a hydrogen atom when R<SP>5</SP> is an aromatic radical.
New technologies supporting the traditional cheeses in Sicily and Malta islands

The traditional dairy products, exclusively obtained from raw milk, give provide consumers with the opportunity to taste and appreciate  “unique” product from both an aromatic aspect and from a health and nutritional aspect. Each piece of traditional cheese is associated with the territory of origin, from which it elicits the peculiar characteristics, that one  defines as the “Biodiversity Factors”. The women have  often an important role in the dairy production and commercialization chain but their role is not recognized. Many of those factors are due to the landscape, the climate, the type of natural pasture, the breeding and to all those cultural and historical aspects characterizing a specific area. The combination of all these factors that lead to the creation of the typical cheese that has the potential to become a territorial brand that is a marketing means of interaction with the global consumers not only for promoting the variety of the cheeses but also for promoting the variety of territories. It is important to make these products identificable and traceable for the consumers, label, describing all the properties in order to promote the quality.  All the participants of this project share the problem of isolation.  More than 70% of those involved in the dairy chain, when considering the territorial landscap included in the zone, are situated inland and distant from the administrative districts. This aspect is a huge handicap and it threatens to produce important negative effects. This project aims to study a strategy that through new technologies, will create a network between the producers, the consumers, the public institutions involved in the agricultural sector, and  to control the bodies which certify quality products.
Enhancing endosymbiotic interaction to increase crops production

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) are essential for all aspect of plant growth. As a paradox, they are poorly available in soil, leading to extensive use of fertilisers to fulfil the demand of a growing population. However, this agronomical practice is detrimental to the environment. To exploit N and overcome P starvation, numerous plant families interact with mutualistic root-endosymbionts such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria with legumes, or phosphate-delivering arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) with the 80% of land plants. Despite the benefit of these endosymbioses, P and N fertilizers reduce AM and nitrogen-fixing bacteria endosymbioses. In addition, climate change impact endosymbioses with a decrease in nitrogen-fixing symbiosis at high temperature, in acidic and saline soils. Therefore, it is imperative to develop novel strategies to enhance endosymbioses in crops and optimize N and P nutrition under global warming.

The success of root endosymbioses relies on the molecular dialogue between symbionts and plants. One of the core functions of this dialogue is to stimulate the release of calcium by the plant nucleus to switch on the symbiotic program. This calcium release is mastered by the cyclic nucleotide gated channels (CNGC)15. A recent Mtcngc15c-easy allelic variant discovered in the proposed laboratory presents spontaneous calcium release and increase of nodulation and mycorrhization. My objectives are to reveal the effect of CNGC15c-EASY mutation on the channel activity and symbioses, and use this knowledge to translate this system into crops. In addition to discover a novel strategy to improve plant production, this work will give me training in plant biology technics and structural biology. Simultaneously, the project will benefit from my expertise in microbiology. Finally, the work in the proposed destination centre will also provide me a valuable international network and skills for my future career.
Natural disasters' impact, factors of resilience and development: A meta-analysis of the macroeconomic literature

Abstract We systematize 64 primary studies published in 2000–2013 on the macroeconomic impact of natural disasters by providing OLS and generalized ordered probit meta-analyses for 1858 and 1991 regressions, respectively. We investigate how the reported results in the primary studies are influenced by the empirical design, the estimation technique, and/or publication bias. We analyze primary studies on disaster direct costs and indirect costs separately. According to our meta-analysis, disasters on average have a negative impact in terms of direct costs and an insignificant impact in terms of indirect costs. MST and FAT–PET–PEESE estimates motivate the meta-analyses showing the need for a multivariate approach to consider strong systematic research heterogeneity. Time-based characteristics of the data and publication bias strongly impact on the results of the primary studies, thus implying the need for authors to carefully consider the selection of time period and for research institutions to understand the sources of selection bias in disseminated results. We argue that further research is necessary on the heterogeneity of results of indirect cost studies and suggest that future studies on the macroeconomic impact of disasters should explore more often the mitigation role of education, investment and openness by including these as explanatory variables.
A semantic-based question answering system for indonesian translation of Quran

This paper presents a work in developing a semantic-based question answering system (QAS) for Indonesian Translation of Quran (ITQ). This research is motivated by the lacks of previous built QAS that caused by a keyword-based retrieval. Instead of keeping the retrieval method, we shifted to a semantic approach where the retrieval process is done by using a semantic similarity measurement. In doing so, we built an ontology of ITQ to get the concepts as well as verses where they appear in. We applied three factoid question types on the QAS that including Who, Where, and When. Furthermore, a weighted vector for each concept that belongs to respective expected answering type (also called as named entity group) i.e. Person, Location, and Time is generated in order to feed semantic interpreter on user question. From 222 concepts defined from the ontology, we clustered them into 77, 24, and 6 concepts for Person, Location, and Time respectively. Since we found there are some characteristics of texts in ITQ, we developed our own modules to deal with including generate the inverted index and named entity recognition. Answer extraction is conducted by applying some features extraction in order to score the answer candidates. Evaluation of the system is designed by providing two data set of question and answer where the first one is purposed to measure the effectiveness of semantic approach comparing with keyword-based retrieval and the last one aims to know system performance in regard the appearance of concepts in ITQ.
The comparison of students and educators preferred teaching styles in teacher educating centres

Abstract With regard to the great importance of teaching styles in student-teachers’ education process and their future teaching methods, this study aimed to investigate student-teachers and their educators’ preferred teaching styles among active and inactive teaching styles in a teacher education center named Shahid Hashemi-nejad Teacher Education Center, located in Mashhad, Iran. Using Morgan's formula, 85 (including 9 educators and 76 student-teachers) were randomly selected among all 70 educators and 200 student-teachers (N = 270) in this centre. They were asked to complete “preferred teaching style questionnaire”. The questionnaire included 39 Likert type items regarding active and inactive teaching styles. The results showed that there were no significantly differences between student-teachers and educators’ dispositions towards active and inactive teaching styles. These two groups had relatively similar views on the components of teaching styles in both active and inactive ones and both groups preferred active teaching style to inactive one. Then, some motivating factors are needed for developing active teaching styles.
Science meets city

Science Hotel is a festival where the general public in Rotterdam and its region meets with scientific researchers and is introduced in their research and its relevance for daily life. The theme of Science Hotel is ‘Science Meets City’ featuring the relevance of research for many aspects our lives in an urbanized world, such as sustainability, health, digitalization, AI, security and privacy, transport and mobility, trade and employment. The festival facilitates personal and interactive encounters between the audience and researchers in the form of interactive lectures, games, demo’s, tours and simulations. It invites the audience to step into the daily life of researchers and discuss research topics and their perception by societal stakeholders with the researchers, emphasizing that everyone is co-creating science one way or another. Dialogue is stimulated, enriched and sometimes distorted, by artists’ interventions arranged by Science Gallery Rotterdam. Pre-events mediated by the Science Street promotion team take place all over town during the month of September on places where members of the potential audience are: cultural festivals, social cultural centers in the neighborhoods of Rotterdam and shopping areas. Special pre-events will be offered for school pupils in primary and secondary education. You’re invited. Check in to Science Hotel!
Stability and properties of stationary state of one dimensional space charge limited current

A linear stability analysis of the planar one dimensional space charge limited flow shows that the classical Child’s solution is stable in time. Small perturbations of the flow are accompanied by high frequency oscillations that decay exponentially. These oscillations should appear when the flow regime changes rapidly, and they might be detectable experimentally by their electromagnetic radiation. We also study the stationary state of more general space charge limited flow and obtain a relation between the current density and the electric field at the emitter surface for arbitrary emission laws and a fixed non-zero initial speed of electrons. In such a case there is the possibility of creation of electrostatic barriers for the emission and stationary flow regimes in this simple model.
Smart photovoltaic façades for self-powered buildings

Buildings are responsible for 40% of energy consumption and 36 % of CO2 emissions and are an important field of action in the EU. Europe counts with a vast potential volume of 600000 non-residential buildings and more than 70% of the global photovoltaic market, forecasted to reach more than 2.05 billion € annually. PowerBrise comes as a smart solution both to significantly improve the energy self-consumption of large non-residential buildings and to increase their energy efficiency. Synthesis s.r.l.  goes a step further in the current state of the art by developing an novel photovoltaic solution for building Façades which integrates for the first time the benefits of  : (1) Brise soleil (or louver system), (2) Photovoltaic power and (3) Building Automation Systems (BAS).  PowerBrise uses sun radiation to generate power but at the same time lets in some sun light through the semi-transparent cells.
Brise soleil by its own increases the comfort inside the building and reduces up to 25% its energy consumption; the integration of photovoltaic cells inside the glass of brise soleil and the smart motorization to automatically follow the sun direction, makes PowerBrise is able to save up 40% of the building energy costs, supplying by means of renewable energy, up to 25% of the energy consumed by the building. We expect that the deployment of PowerBrise in the EU and international markets will allow Synthesis for the exploitation of a business opportunity in new and retrofit installations that will bring cumulative revenues of 30 M€ by 2025, with a ROI of 4.7 and the creation of 37 direct jobs by 2025. This Phase 1 will allow us to ensure that PowerBrise is feasible from a technical and economic point of view, and that its implementation will be a commercial success
Culture reexamined: Broadening our understanding of social and evolutionary influences.

This edited volume is intended to broaden the psychology of culture in two ways. First, the chapters discuss an impressive array of cultural influences - not just country of origin, East-West, or collectivism-individualism - but professional and disciplinary cultures, historical changes in cultures, social class, frontier settlement and geographical regions, political cultures, religion, and gender. While this is not an exhaustive list of the kinds of culture that psychology should be interested in, it is an exciting and fruitful new direction for psychology. Second, this book advances several new theories about the origins and processes of cultural development, from biological evolution to the division of labour and other aspects of social class. Among the contributions to cultural psychology as a whole, individual chapters offer insights into: * How to improve interdisciplinary collaboration in universities* Why some groups are relatively disadvantaged in various academic and professional fields* What methods are useful in studying temporal changes in cultures* How to avoid perpetuating hegemonic styles of thinking; for example, assuming that upper class people only influence lower class people* How regional differences in individualism-collectivism, well-being, honour and retribution, and personality persist over time* Why cosmopolitan cities may productively be viewed as modern frontiers* What cultural psychologists can learn from food* Why some people favour suites of political views that seem incompatible* How culture can be an expression of evolutionary processesThis book will help students explore directions for their research and inspire generations of psychologists interested in culture.
Process of making high tenacity, high modulus UHMWPE fiber

Processes for preparing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (“UHMW PE”) filaments and multi-filament yarns, and the yarns and articles produced therefrom. Each process produces UHMW PE yarns having tenacities of 45 g/denier to 60 g/denier or more at commercially viable throughput rates.