SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Fundamental Properties and the Laws of Nature

Fundamental properties and the laws of nature go hand in hand: mass and gravitation, charge and electromagnetism, spin and quantum mechanics. So, it is unsurprising that one's account of fundamental properties affects one's view of the laws of nature and vice versa. In this essay, I will survey a variety of recent attempts to provide a joint account of the fundamental properties and the laws of nature. Many of these accounts are new and unexplored. Some of them posit surprising entities, such as counterfacts. Other accounts posit surprising laws of nature, such as instantaneous laws that constrain the initial configuration of particles. These exciting developments challenge our assumptions about our basic ontology and provide fertile ground for further exploration.
Clean evidence on dirty deeds

Organized crime is systematically associated with lower economic development and higher corruption, political instability and political violence across countries. However, causal evidence on the economic and political effects of organized crime remains limited.
The present proposal advances our knowledge of organized crime in two main directions. First, I will explore the effects of organized crime on the allocation and effectiveness of public spending, focusing on two important areas of government spending: public procurement and public subsidies to private firms. This analysis will advance our knowledge of the practices through which captured politicians can distort the allocation of resources in favour of criminal organizations, their implications for the efficiency of government intervention, and the effectiveness of alternative policy responses.
Second, whilst previous research has focused almost exclusively on the traditional areas of origin of criminal organizations, I will study the effects of criminal groups moving to new regions and countries. I will focus in particular on three different contexts: i) the “transplant” of criminal organizations from southern to northern Italian regions; ii) interactions of immigrants and natives in criminal activity in the wake of recent migration to the Netherlands; and iii) the inflow of members of the Sicilian Mafia into the US during the period of alcohol prohibition (1920-1933). The present proposal will advance our understanding of how criminal groups can relocate to new regions and countries; their interactions with the criminal groups that may already be present there; and the economic and social effects in the areas of destination. From a methodological perspective, all projects will take advantage of unique micro-level data and state-of-the-art econometric methods for impact evaluation to provide clean evidence on causal relationships.
Reinforcing good practice: Implementation of guidelines at hospital G. Pini

Surgical site infections (SSIs) in orthopaedic surgery are a demanding complication for the patient and in terms of economics. Many guidelines (GLs) are available on antibiotic prophylaxis as an effective preventive measure; however, these GLs are often ignored in practice. A surveillance study of SSIs in arthroplasty, promoted by the Italian Study Group of Hospital Hygiene of the Italian Society of Public Health (SitI), showed a high percentage of non-adherence to GLs on antibiotic prophylaxis.The purpose of this study was to review the existing GLs, share them within the hospital and then monitor their implementation.Information and training are considered to be great tools for implementation and sharing of GLs, which leads to significant improvements in clinical practice. A multidisciplinary team comprising infectious disease specialists, orthopaedic surgeons, nurse epidemiologists and public health specialists was established at the G. Pini Hospital in Milan to revise GLs, and to organise educational events for their implementation, sharing and dissemination. A checklist was devised for monitoring purposes.GLs were presented to orthopaedic surgeons and nurse coordinators during two educational events. Meetings were organised in each unit to present the results of the surveillance of SSIs in arthroplasty and to discuss the reasons why the prophylaxis regimens adopted were not consistent with GLs. It was emphasised that the most important issue, on which there is consensus in the scientific literature, was related to the duration of prophylaxis beyond 24h. The review process for GLs was presented and pocket-sized GLs were given to surgeons. The importance of documenting on medical record any deviations from the GLs was emphasised.Any changes in behaviour in clinical practice must be monitored and evaluated regularly. The monitoring of GLs in terms of correct choice of drug, timing of administration and duration of prophylaxis is made using a special checklist on a representative sample of medical records.
PANTOGRAPH MACHINE EQUIPPED WITH BLADES AND HOT-CUTTING PRE- SHAPED PUNCHES AND CUTTERS FOR PROCESSING PANELS, IN PARTICULAR ICF PANELS, WITH EXPANDED OR FOAMED MATERIALS IN GENERAL

A pantograph machine (1) is described, equipped with cutting blades -hot punches pre-shaped, and drills, for machining panels, in particular slabs and panels ICF, with foamed materials or extruded in general, comprising at least a first station (1) consisting of at- least a castle (1'), supported by a base (2) which houses a supporting surface (3), the castle (1') comprising: at least one frame (5) carrying punches-cutting blades (6) connected operatively to a frame-carrier carriage (9) sliding on guides, and moved by means of a transmission; at least two slides (23) for milling, performed by a tool (24) mounted on an electro-spindle (25), place on a carriage (14); at least- one frame (15) carrying wires (16) provided with wires (16) fixed or movable, operatively connected to a frame-carrier carriage (19) sliding on guides (10) and moved by means a transmission, said wires (16) being adapted to move in interpolation according to the vertical and horizontal directions so as to perform an inclined cut without limitation of gradation and/or according to a specific curvilinear profile for the production of any type of artifact without limitations.
Cohesive bandages based on natural fibres, with antimicrobial and hydrophobic properties by mlse technology

Cohesive support bandages are a kind of bandages that are used by professionals of the health sector, for fixing dressings and immobilization splints. 
Carrying bandages for a long period can cause several inconveniences in patients. Thus, the possibility of conferring them with antimicrobial and hydrophobic properties, without loosing breathability, has become of great interest for the company Calvo Izquierdo S.L., a family-owned company that has positioned at the Spanish market for the development and production of this range of products.
However, currently bandages with the said properties can only be produced by using synthetic fibres, which results in a different feel to touch, reducing patient/user comfort and welfare.
The Multiple Laser Surface Enhancement technology (MLSE), originally developed for the metallurgic and electronic sectors, has proved to produce surface modifications, at nanoscale, of natural fibres such as wool, conferring them hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties.
In VENDA NATU-haft project, Calvo Izquierdo aims at implementing the MLSE technology in their manufacturing system to produce antimicrobial and hydrophobic bandages for sanitary use, based on natural fibres. The use of this technology for the deposition of the cohesive/adhesive coating is also considered. This implementation will allow the company to widen their product portfolio, being able to provide their customers with a new grade of cohesive bandages, based in natural fibres, with enhanced properties. 
To get this objective, some adaptation of the current MLSE system will be required during VENDA NATU-haft project development. Some modifications in Calvo Izquierdo current production line may also be necessary to incorporate this technology.
Phase 1 of VENDA NATU-haft aims to ensure the viability of the project. A technical analysis on the viability of producing natural fibre-based, functional cohesive bandages by MLSE technology will be made and a business plan will be developed.
Unravelling mammalian mechanosensor diversity by functional genomics

Mechanotransduction is the signaling by which external mechanical stimuli are converted into biological signals within the cell. It helps to probe and map the rigidity and texture of external world and appeared with the first life forms some 3.8 billion years ago. In mammals, many fundamental physiological functions are regulated by mechanotransduction.
The somatosensory system is involved in the perception of touch, pain and proprioception. Molecular mechanosensors of this sensory system are mechanically-activated ion channels. These channels are expressed at the nerve endings of sensory neurons that project long axons to the skin and to deeper body structures. The identification of these channels constitutes one of the most important challenges in the field of sensory transduction. So far only one gene family has been unambiguously associated with mammalian mechanosensory function and is specifically involved in light-touch sensation. Therefore, the identity of mechanotransduction channels involved in the detection of other mechanosensory modalities including proprioception and mechanical pain remain to be determined.
We will combine patch-clamp methodology and single-cell transcriptome sequencing to generate the specific expression profile of distinct populations of mouse mechanosensitive neurons. Combination of bioinformatics, expression analysis and electrophysiological approaches will be used to identify molecular components of mechanotransduction channels. We will explore the role of identified genes in somatosensory functions.
The long-term objective is to provide a compelling view of mechanosensitive process diversity in mammalian somatosensation through molecular identification of mechanotransduction channels and characterization of their physiological functions in touch, pain and proprioception. This proposal will also provide novel channel candidates that may be involved other mechanosensory functions such as embryogenesis, bone development and hearing.
Adventure Tourism Management

The academic study of the Adventure Tourism is rapidly increasing in popularity, with research beginning to focus on it heavily. This book is a cohesive and comprehensive look at this multi-million dollar industry sector from a variety of perspectives relevant to the teaching of tourism. Ideal for the undergraduate student taking Adventure Tourism as a single subject degree, or as part of their Tourism Management studies, this book documents, analyses and offers insight into the latest research in the area. Includes analysis of products, trends, climate change, risk management and environmental management and many others. The Subsectors section within the book offers an overview of the 20 or more definable sectors within the adventure tourism industry considering their origins and history, latest trends and demographic groups. The author then goes on to look in more detail at: Wildlife Tourism, Marine Tourism, Helitourism, and Boardsports. Each chapter will include seven pedagogical elements: Introduction - what the chapter does and doesn't cover Plain-language review of the chapter topic with minimal referencing - essentially like lecture notes
 Concluding paragraph to the review section explaining how it leads to the next chapter(s) Review of recent research, condensed into tables where possible Revision notes - a few pages of bullet points summarising the review and research
 A sample set of assignment questions, 3-6 per chapter in some cases, Readings on relevant topics, condensed from previous publications.
Cascading effects of moose (Alces alces) management on birds

Large herbivores often have key functions in their ecosystems, and may affect ecosystem processes with cascading effects on other animals. The mechanisms often involve relocations of resources of various kinds, including reduction in resource availability following foraging and increase in resources from animal excreta. As large herbivore populations in Europe generally are intensely managed, management activities may interact with the activities of the herbivores themselves in the effect on other ecosystem components. We investigated the effects of moose (Alces alces) winter browsing, together with the effect of net nutrient input via supplementary winter feeding of moose on functional composition and species richness of birds in a boreal forest. Supplementary feeding stations for moose had a net zero effect on bird species richness and abundance, because negative effects of moose browsing were balanced by positive effects of nutrient input. Sites with a similar browsing intensity as at feeding stations but without nutrient input had lower abundance and species richness than feeding stations. Functional groups of bird species showed differing responses: birds nesting at or below browsing height were negatively affected by moose browsing, whereas species nesting above the browsing zone were positively affected by moose browsing. Insect-eating species responded negatively to moose browsing on birch but positively to nutrient input at feeding stations, whereas seed-eating species responded positively to birch browsing and negatively to feeding stations. This study showed that both high levels of cervid activity and human management interventions influence bird communities.
The first local production unit allowing printing of complex multi-material objects remotely

3D printing has become a ubiquitous industrial production method, with multiple vertical markets being involved, including healthcare, automotive or aeronautic industries which routinely print a myriad of products, from hearing aids to the engine of a car. The professional desktop 3D printing represents the next printing revolution, as shown by the staggering 50-70% of these printers being sold to companies, especially small businesses run by engineers or designers to get early concept design. The reason is these machines are becoming more reliable, but they ultimately lack the functionality and usability that would be needed to become a real mainstream technology. Plasmics was founded with the sole goal to overcome these limitations, by creating the disruptive Local Production Unit (LPU), from which KOBOLD is the first product we are developing and plan to commercialize. Functionality is achieved thanks to KOBOLD's multi-material versatile printing capability, thanks to our modular cartridge system (patented) allowing printing complex objects using as many materials as cartridges are coupled to the printer. Up to 5 cartridges can be coupled to KOBOLD, with the additional advantage of being able to upgrade KOBOLD with new materials as they become available, instead of having to invest on a new printer or acquiring extra technical capabilities. Usability is achieved because KOBOLD does not require prior expertise in 3D printing to unfold its full potential, thanks to its user-friendly online software platform enabling the user to store, slice their designs and to keep their IP and collected models safe, while allowing object printing from any device and from anywhere. With KOBOLD, we anticipate to grow our company's revenue to €13.8 million by 2025, whilst creating 20 new direct jobs. To this end, we envisage a business model where besides the revenue generated from KOBOLD, cartridge sales will represent an important source of income too.
Use of biomarkers of collagen types I and III fibrosis metabolism to detect cardiovascular and renal disease in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among captive chimpanzees. The most prevalent form of cardiovascular disease among chimpanzees is sudden cardiac death. Myocardial fibrosis was the only significant pathologic lesion observed in affected animals at necropsy. We previously showed an association between myocardial fibrosis and sudden cardiac death. The presumed pathogenesis was interstitial myocardial fibrosis that led to decreased myocardial contractility and interrupted signal propagation in the heart, leading to fibrillation and resulting in sudden cardiac death. In this pilot study, we assayed 5 biomarkers of collagen types I and III metabolism and fibrogenesis and studied their association with CVD in chimpanzees. The biomarker MMP1 did not crossreact in chimpanzee sera and could not be studied further. Two biomarkers (TIMP1 and PINP) and their difference showed no significant association with CVD in chimpanzees. The biomarkers ICTP and PIIINP were significantly increased in cases of CVD with concurrent renal disease. Furthermore, both biomarkers showed a significant trend to increase with disease severity. We conclude that ICTP and PIIINP warrant further study for antemortem detection of renal and myocardial fibrosis in chimpanzees.
Periodic sulphur dioxide degassing from the Soufrière Hills Volcano related to deep magma supply

Soufriere Hills Volcano produced prodigious quantities of sulphur dioxide (SO2) gas throughout 1995–2013. An unprecedented, detailed record of SO2 flux shows that high SO2 fluxes were sustained through eruptive pauses and for two years after the end of lava extrusion and are decoupled from lava extrusion rates. Lava extrusion rates have exhibited strong 1- to 2-year cyclicity. Wavelet analysis demonstrates periodicities of c. 5 months and c. 2 years within the SO2 time series, as well as the shorter cycles identified previously. The latter period is similar to the wavelength of cycles in lava extrusion, albeit non-systematically offset. The periodicities are consistent with pressure changes accompanying deformation in a coupled magma reservoir system whereby double periodic behaviour may arise from limited connectivity between two reservoirs. During periods of lava extrusion SO2 is released together with the lava (yielding the c. 2 year period), albeit with some offset. In contrast, when magma cannot flow because of its yield strength, SO2 is released independently from lava (yielding the c. 5 month period). Our results have implications for eruption forecasting. It seems likely that, when deep supply of magma ceases, gas fluxes will cease to be periodic.
On the Influence of Particles Characteristics on Moisture Diffusivity during Drying of Granular Porous Media

The objective of this work was to study the diffusive
mechanisms of mass transfer predominant in the drying of cylindrical
unconsolidated granular porous media of different diameters of porous spherical
particles. The experimental study was based on determining the drying kinetics
of the porous media evaluated and on obtaining the physical properties
regarding the particles that constitute them. Moisture data as a function of
time were obtained by subjecting the porous media to an upward single-phase
flow of heated air at a specific condition of temperature, velocity and
absolute humidity of the drying air. The theoretical study regarded the
determination of the overall effective diffusion coefficient based on mass
transfer foundations. From the results obtained, it was verified that the
drying kinetics, for a given operational condition applied, is influenced by particle
diameter, and the effective superficial liquid diffusivity is the mechanism
that limits the drying process.
CuI-Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Silyl Boronic Esters: Retracing Catalytic Cycles Using Isolated Copper and Boron Enolate Intermediates

Copper(I)-catalyzed conjugate additions of silyl boronic esters to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, ketones, and esters are synthetically well-established reactions. For the first time central reactive intermediates as well as the boron enolates as the primary reaction products are isolated and employed in order to deduce catalytic cycles on an experimental basis. Employing an NHC CuI complex as a model catalyst, it is possible to perform efficient catalytic transformations as well as to isolate and characterize the formed copper enolate complexes as the key intermediates. It is shown that for this catalytic system the nature of this enolate—O- or C-enolate—is crucial for the catalytic process. For α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones the O-enolate is formed predominantly, while for α,β-unsaturated esters the C-enolate is the major product. Catalytic turnover is only facile for copper O-enolates, as they react efficiently with the silyl boronic ester under (re)formation of the catalytically active Cu–Si specie...
Diabetes approach by multi-organ-on-a-chip

Insulin secretion and insulin action are critical for normal glucose homeostasis. Defects in both of these processes lead to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Unravelling the mechanisms that lead to T2D is fundamental in the search of new molecular drugs to prevent and control this disease. Organ-on-a-chip devices offer new approaches for T2D disease modelling and drug discovery by providing biologically relevant models of tissues and organs in vitro integrated with biosensors. As such, organ-on-a-chip devices have the potential to revolutionize the pharmaceutical industry by enabling reliable and high predictive in vitro testing of drug candidates. The capability to miniaturize biosensor systems and advanced tissue fabrication procedures have enabled researchers to create multiple tissues on a chip with a high degree of control over experimental variables for high-content screening applications. The goal of this project is the fabrication of a biomimetic multi organ-on-a-chip integrated device composed of skeletal muscle and pancreatic islets for studying metabolism glucose diseases and for drug screening applications. Engineered muscle tissues and pancreatic islets are integrated with the technology to detect the glucose consumption, contraction induced glucose metabolism, insulin secretion and protein biomarker secretion of cells. We aim to design a novel therapeutic tool to test drugs with a multi organ-on-a-chip device. Such finding would improve drug test approaches and would provide for new therapies to prevent the loss of beta cell mass associated with T2D and defects in the glucose uptake in skeletal muscle.
Sostegno al finanziamento del capitale circolante in considerazione del deterioramento della situazione della società a seguito della pandemia di COVID-19

Il progetto è volto a sostenere il mantenimento dell'attività economica di un'impresa che si è trovata in una situazione di penuria improvvisa dovuta allo scoppio della pandemia di COVID-19. Il richiedente chiede sovvenzioni per finanziare il capitale circolante e per coprire i costi delle attività di gestione per un periodo di tre mesi.
ROOF CONSTRUCTION

In a roof construction having sandwich elements (11, 12) that lie next to each other in the direction of the slope and consist of a heat-insulating core (14) on both sides covered by metal sheet (15,16) glued to the core, the upper metal sheet (15) of the panels has ridges (22,23) along their edges. The elements are attached to transverse beams (17) by through fastening elements (18-21) that are applied through the upper metal sheet (15) on the outside of the ridges (22,23). A longitudinal cover sheet (30) is arranged to cover both the joint between two adjacent sandwich elements and said ridges (22,23) close to the joint.