SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
A framework for performance evaluation of plucking activity in tea

Cultivation of tea is characterized by a number of activities spread over many months in which plucking is a major activity. In north-eastern and southern parts of India where tea is a major crop, plucking involves picking of two leaves and a bud with bare hands which after careful processing is converted into the tea beverage. However, no precise ways to characterize and quantify such activities have been developed. We propose a novel framework to characterize a tea-worker's plucking performance with the help of wrist-borne wearable systems. With a limited observation period in an uncontrolled environment for a tea-worker, our framework obtains (a) with a high accuracy the pluck-count which is directly associated with leaf-count and (b) other useful measures associated with related sub-activities. We believe this is a harbinger of change which will go a long way in improving the overall efficiency of the tea industry.
Whole-Brain dynamics underlying self-generated behaviour

The first behavioural theories conceived the organism as primarily driven by external sensory stimuli. However, the energy associated with momentary demands of the environment represent ~1% of the brain's total energy budget, implying that the intrinsic activity represents a major aspect of the brain's function. Indeed, more recent theories such as cognitivism and embodiment describe the organisms as capable of generating complex behaviours emerging from the brain's intrinsic dynamics. 
Past and current studies that investigated the neuronal basis self-generated behaviours mainly focus on the readiness potential (RP) signal, a build-up ramping activity in the premotor cortex, occurring ~ 2 sec before the movement's onset. However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying the generation of self-generated behaviours (how RPs are generated), the involvement of other regions, and how the brain codes the impending movements (activity predictive of the onset and type of movement), still remain poorly understood.
The combination of light-sheet microscopy, optogenetics, and the zebrafish larva model enables monitoring whole-brain dynamics in an intact behaving vertebrate. Moreover, the diverse yet limited and well described repertoire of motor behaviours will enable to perform experiments in more natural unconstrained conditions, in comparison to previous studies, which were structured in trials and limited to one or two behavioural choices. These advantages will allow us to go beyond the current state-of-the-art in the field. More specifically, we propose to investigate the following specific aims:

1) Whole-brain dynamics basis and mechanisms underlying self-generated behaviours.

2) A comparison between the neuronal pathways underlying the initiation of self-generated and sensory
    induced behaviours.

3) The internal and external modulation of self-generated behaviours.
Enabling flexibility for future distribution grid

FLEXI-GRID will demonstrate cutting-edge technologies and innovative flexible markets enabled by advanced cross-platforms for local energy exchanges and providing flexibility to distribution system operators in order to ensure a secure, stable and affordable operations of electrical distribution grids for de-carbonising energy systems with high shares of renewables (up to and beyond 100%). By leveraging digital, smart grid technologies, IoT, blockchain, FLEXI-GRID will provide a transparent data management platform by broadcasting real-time information on the conditions of the network to optimise the observability of the grid and market functioning. 

The project’s geographical coverage, with four test sites in Bulgaria, Sweden, Switzerland, and Turkey, allows validating solutions in multiple market conditions, and ensures post project scalability, knowledge transfer, scaling and replication. The key demonstration activities include i) grid monitoring, control and flexibility intervention; ii) local energy exchanges and provision of grid services; iii) blockchain based energy exchange and provision of grid services; iv) flexibility measures and grid services provided by local energy storage, Power to Gas, Vehicle to Grid, and local renewable resources. It is the first time that small and medium size DSOs show interest to test innovative tools and solutions. The project is strengthened by collaborating with Canada and backed by financial institutions to ensure successful commercial paths of innovative solutions.
Intelligent functional glazing with self-cleaning properties to improve the energy efficiency of the built environment

The latest forecast by the International Energy Agency predicts that the CO2 emissions from the built environment will reach 15.2Gt in 2050, double their 2007 levels. Buildings consume 40% of the primary energy in developed countries with heating and cooling alone accounting for 63% of the energy spent indoors. These trends are on an ascending trajectory - e.g. the average energy demand for air-conditioning has been growing by ~17% per year in the EU. Counterbalancing actions are urgently required to reverse them.
The objective of this proposal is to develop intelligent window insulation technologies from sustainable materials. The developed technologies will adjust the amount of radiation escaping or entering a window depending upon the ambient environmental conditions and will be capable of delivering unprecedented reductions to the energy needed for regulating the temperature in commercial and residential buildings. 
Recognising the distinct requirements between newly built and existing infrastructure, two parallel concepts will be developed: i) A new class of intelligent glazing for new window installations, and, ii) a flexible, intelligent, polymer film to retrofit existing window installations. Both solutions will be enhanced with unique self-cleaning properties, bringing about additional economic benefits through a substantial reduction in maintenance costs.
Overall, we aim to develop intelligent glazing technologies that combine: i) power savings of >250 W/m2 of glazing capable of delivering >25% of energy savings and efficiency improvements >50% compared with existing static solutions; ii) visible transparency of >60% to comply with the EU standards for windows ,and, iii) self-cleaning properties that introduce a cost balance. 
A number of technological breakthroughs are required to satisfy such ambitious targets which are delivered in this project by the seamless integration of nanotechnology engineering, novel photonics and advanced material synthesis.
Logic-Based verification of privacy-preservation in europe's 2020 ict

In line with the EU 2020 Flagship Initiative on a Digital Agenda for Europe and the upcoming EU Cybersecurity Strategy, the goal of the LV-Pri20 project is to aid our ICT-driven lives, by “safeguarding the human right of privacy in the digital society”. Concretely, the main focus of LV-Pri20 is the formal and automatic analysis of privacy-preservation in today’s ICT. LV-Pri20 will focus on the prevalent wireless media, e.g., RF-identification protocols, remote car-unlocking, wearables, machine-to-machine communication in the Internet of Things (IoT)/ubiquitous computing, but it will not neglect wired environments (given their common cloud-connection). 
LV-Pri20 will assess and automatically analyse privacy-sensitive applications, in their standalone execution, as well as in the more involved setting of multiple, concurrent executions thereof. This will be done systematically and taxonomically: distinct classes of applications (e.g., identification protocols using Electronic Product Codes vs. the Open Smart Grid Protocol) and different privacy properties (e.g., data non-leakage vs. data-user unlinkability) will be respectively analysed via tailored, well-defined techniques. 
To specify privacy, LV-Pri20 will design/refine different non-classical logic languages which have inherent semantics for privacy-like expression (e.g., strategy logics). For these, we will then develop new model checking algorithms. All will be incorporated in automatic verification software, which already proved efficient in analysing highly distributed systems, inline with, e.g., the IoT applications envisaged herein.
LV-Pri20 will have a multi-disciplinary, collaborative nature, an academic core and industrial side. After an initial privacy scrutiny, new/patched RFID-based, privacy-preserving, communication protocols will be (re-)designed and implemented. For these, we will devise mathematical proofs for one-session security, and run automatic analysis of their multi-session executions.
WELL INTERVENTION PERFORMANCE SYSTEM

A method can include receiving inputs for a well; generating scenarios for the well using the inputs; instructing a simulator to simulate generated scenarios; receiving simulation results for at least some of the generated scenarios; and assessing the received simulation results for implementation of one or more well actions for the well.
Contributions to the Formal Verification of Arithmetic Algorithms

The Floating-Point (FP) implementation of a real-valued function is performed with correct rounding if the output is always equal to the rounding of the exact value, which has many advantages. But for implementing a function with correct rounding in a reliable and efficient manner, one has to solve the ``Table Maker's Dilemma'' (TMD). Two sophisticated algorithms (L and SLZ) have been designed to solve this problem, relying on some long and complex calculations that are performed by some heavily-optimized implementations. Hence the motivation to provide strong guarantees on these costly pre-computations. To this end, we use the Coq proof assistant. First, we develop a library of ``Rigorous Polynomial Approximation'', allowing one to compute an approximation polynomial and an interval that bounds the approximation error in Coq. This formalization is a key building block for verifying the first step of SLZ, as well as the implementation of a mathematical function in general (with or without correct rounding). Then we have implemented, formally verified and made effective 3 interrelated certificates checkers in Coq, whose correctness proof derives from Hensel's lemma that we have formalized for both univariate and bivariate cases. In particular, our ``ISValP verifier'' is a key component for formally verifying the results generated by SLZ. Then, we have focused on the mathematical proof of ``augmented-precision'' FP algorithms for the square root and the Euclidean 2D norm. We give some tight lower bounds on the minimum non-zero distance between sqrt(x²+y²) and a midpoint, allowing one to solve the TMD for this bivariate function. Finally, the ``double-rounding'' phenomenon can typically occur when several FP precision are available, and may change the behavior of some usual small FP algorithms. We have formally verified in Coq a set of results describing the behavior of the Fast2Sum algorithm with double-roundings.
PRODUCT CONTAINER HAVING MOISTURE BARRIER FEATURE

A container has at least one wall formed at least in part from a laminate structure having a barrier liner formed from a paper layer having first and second sides, and a PVDC coating applied to the first side of the paper layer. A first paperboard layer is then laminated to the coated side of the barrier layer. The laminate structure may further include a second paperboard layer laminated to the uncoated side of the barrier layer.
Digital mapping of GlobalSoilMap soil properties at a broad scale: A review

Soils are essential for supporting food production and providing ecosystem services but are under pressure due to population growth, higher food demand, and land use competition. Because of the effort to ensure the sustainable use of soil resources, demand for current, updatable soil information capable of supporting decisions across scales is increasing. Digital soil mapping (DSM) addresses the drawbacks of conventional soil mapping and has been increasingly used for delivering soil information in a time- and cost-efficient manner with higher spatial resolution, better map accuracy, and quantified uncertainty estimates. We reviewed 244 articles published between January 2003 and July 2021 and then summarised the progress in broad-scale (spatial extent >10,000 km2) DSM, focusing on the 12 mandatory soil properties for GlobalSoilMap. We observed that DSM publications continued to increase exponentially; however, the majority (74.6%) focused on applications rather than methodology development. China, France, Australia, and the United States were the most active countries, and Africa and South America lacked country-based DSM products. Approximately 78% of articles focused on mapping soil organic matter/carbon content and soil organic carbon stocks because of their significant role in food security and climate regulation. Half the articles focused on soil information in topsoil only (<30 cm), and studies on deep soil (100–200 cm) were less represented (21.7%). Relief, organisms, and climate were the three most frequently used environmental covariates in DSM. Nonlinear models (i.e. machine learning) have been increasingly used in DSM for their capacity to manage complex interactions between soil information and environmental covariates. Soil pH was the best predicted soil property (average R2 of 0.60, 0.63, and 0.56 at 0–30, 30–100, and 100–200 cm). Other relatively well-predicted soil properties were clay, silt, sand, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic matter (SOM), SOC stocks, and bulk density, and coarse fragments and soil depth were poorly predicted (R2 < 0.28). In addition, decreasing model performance with deeper depth intervals was found for most soil properties. Further research should pursue rescuing legacy data, sampling new data guided by well-designed sampling schemas, collecting representative environmental covariates, improving the performance and interpretability of advanced spatial predictive models, relating performance indicators such as accuracy and precision to cost-benefit and risk assessment analysis for improving decision support; moving from static DSM to dynamic DSM; and providing high-quality, fine-resolution digital soil maps to address global challenges related to soil resources.
Textile yarn processing machines and method of reducing waste of supply strands in such machines.

In a method and apparatus for reducing waste of supply strands (R) passing to a series of yarn processing units (D), a detector (50) moves along the yarn processing units alternately in a first direction and a second direction opposite from the first direction whilst sensing breakage of any one of a series of strands being delivered from the processing units and also sensing the direction of movement of the detector, In response to sensing breakage of any strand and irrespective of the direction of movement of the detector, the passage of the corresponding supply strand (R) is interrupted in its course to the corresponding yarn processing unit (D) by a stream of air directed from a nozzle (61 or 61 min ) moving with the detector into engagement with a corresponding, normally inactive, strand interrupting member (38) for actuating the same.
Characteristics of mercury emission from linear type of spent fluorescent lamp

In order to recycle the linear type of SFL (spent fluorescent lamp), mercury from SFL should be controlled to prevent leaking into the environment. For mercury emission from SFL, mercury concentration is estimated in the parts of SFL such as glass tube, phosphor powder, and base cap using the end-cutting unit. It is also evaluated mercury emission in the effluent gas in the end-cutting unit with changing flow rate. From the results of mercury emission from SFLs, phosphor powder has greater than 80% of mercury amount in SFL and about 15% of mercury amount contained in glass tube. The initial mercury concentration in vapor phase is almost decreased linearly with increasing airflow rate from 0.7 L/min to 1.3 L/min. It is desirable that airflow rate should be high until the concentration of mercury vapor will be stable because the stabilized concentration becomes to be low and the stabilized time goes to be short as increased airflow rate. From KET and TCLP results, finally, phosphor powder should be managed as a hazardous waste but base-cap and glass are not classified as hazardous wastes.
An adaptive energy-saving routing algorithm for mobile wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor nodes are mostly limited in their energy. Therefore, it becomes a challenge to extend sensor nodes' life while maintaining the network overall performance. Mobility of the network sensor nodes may accelerate energy depletion and increase the need for effective energy-conserving WSN routing protocols. In this paper, we present a novel energy-saving routing scheme for mobile WSN. Our proposed routing algorithm adapts dynamically to network node's energy-level. For data transport to the network base-station (network sink), it selects only nodes that balance the mobile WSN energy saving distribution. Simulation experiment was conducted to obtain relationships between various algorithm performance measures and network parameters such as: network number of sensors, sensors' message memory/buffer size, message arrival rate, number of duplicates allowed, and transmission/reception distance. The results suggest that the proposed MSN routing algorithm gives around 10% gain of throughput, reduces message duplicates by eight times, eliminates congestion to 0% in average, and increases nodes' life, e.g., First Node to Die (FND), by twofold with a non-significant increase of message delay and jitter.
Thixotropic piston injection system for metallic injection moulding

MTC are an Austrian company specialised in the production of plastic and magnesium metallic injection moulded components and injection moulding tooling development. The automotive industry uses a large number of complex metallic and plastic components which are often die-casted/injection moulded when using thermoplastics or non-ferrous metals. Injection moulded plastic parts are lees stiff and non-shock resistant compared to their metallic counter parts which are generally die-casted. Die-casting has disadvantages compared to metallic injection moulding such as higher energy usage (higher temperatures), heavier finished components and decrease tool lifetime. The current alternative to die-casting (thixomoulding) is to use metal in a semi-solid state which allows greater control of the flow rate of the metal and allows thinner walls and therefore more lightweight components which retain their strength and durability. However, the heating method (screw heater) only allows a limited shot size and this has led to a reluctance of die-casting companies to take up thixomoulding. MTC has identified a business opportunity for developing a heating/injection method for the thixomoulding process which can allow greater shot size equivalent to that of die-casting. Developing our Thixotropic Piston Injection – Metallic Injection Moulding system (TPI-MIM) has allowed MTC to not only to improve the shot size of thixomoulding machines but also allows the conversion of conventional die-casting machines in only 2 hours. By converting die-casting operations to our TPI-MIM technology we can save our clients up to 30% energy usage, up to 50% less material used and up to 50% weight reduction. With the market for die casted automotive parts reaching €32 billion globally in 2015 and is set to reach €48 billion by 2020, and the push for lightweight automotive components made from aluminium-magnesium which retain their strength there is a huge market for thixomoulding conversion
Crystal structure of the polo-box domain of polo-like kinase 2

Polo-like kinase 2 (PLK2) is a crucial regulator in cell cycle progression, DNA damage response, and neuronal activity. PLK2 is characterized by the conserved N-terminal kinase domain and the unique C-terminal polo-box domain (PBD). The PBD mediates diverse functions of PLK2 by binding phosphorylated Ser-pSer/pThr motifs of its substrates. Here, we report the first crystal structure of the PBD of PLK2. The overall structure of the PLK2 PBD is similar to that of the PLK1 PBD, which is composed by two polo boxes each contain β6α structures that form a 12-stranded β sandwich domain. The edge of the interface between the two polo boxes forms the phosphorylated Ser-pSer/pThr motifs binding cleft. On the hand, the peripheral regions around the core binding cleft of the PLK2 PBD is distinct from that of the PLK1 PBD, which might confer the substrate specificity of the PBDs of the polo-like kinase family.
Developing and testing spatial indicators of ecosystem stability for subtidal seascapes

Predicting upcoming changes in ecosystems has become one of the priorities of current ecological research and conservation. This is especially crucial for ecosystems where large, durable ecological shifts – hereafter regime shifts – may occur following an increase in stressors (e.g. ocean temperature) or after perturbation events (e.g. hurricanes, fisheries). Because experimentally investigating regime shifts in ecosystems often requires large, impractical disturbance experiments, mathematical models have been used to investigate the factors underpinning such shifts, and predict where and when they might occur in a given ecosystem. This research effort has led to the development of indicators (metrics) based on the observed spatial structure of an ecosystem, which can inform on the proximity of a regime shift. While this approach has been explored for terrestrial ecosystems, virtually no work has been done to apply it to marine ecosystems, and in particular sub-tidal systems (e.g. coral reefs, algal beds). Yet, at least 500 million people depend on these ecosystems at global scale, and their potential for regime shifts in the current context of global changes has been extensively reported by the scientific and global policy literature. This project aims at opening a new research avenue by extending the previous approaches designed for terrestrial ecosystems to develop novel indicators of upcoming regime shifts for sub-tidal systems. We will do so by successively (1) develop a realistic, spatially-explicit model of ecological dynamics, using the coastal ecosystems of Easter Island as model systems; (2) derive indicators of upcoming shifts in coral reefs and algal beds and validate them on empirical data, and; (3) implement our results in widely-available software. Achieving these goals will advance our ability to predict regime shifts and ultimately provide globally-applicable indicators of ecosystem fragility for sub-tidal systems.