SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Validation of a multi-source feedback tool for use in general practice

Feedback from colleagues and patients is a core element of the revalidation process being developed by the General Medical Council. However, there are few feedback tools which have been specifically developed and validated for doctors in primary care. This paper presents data demonstrating the reliability and validity of one such tool. The CFEP360 tool combines feedback from the Colleague Feedback Evaluation Tool (CFET) and the Doctor's Interpersonal Skills Questionnaire (DISQ). The analysis of over 10 000 completed questionnaires presented here identifies that colleague feedback is essentially two-dimensional (i.e. clinical and non-clinical skills) and that patient feedback is one-dimensional. However, items from both scales also effectively predict combined global ratings, indicating that colleagues and patients are identifying similar levels of performance as accessed by the feedback. Doctors who receive low feedback scores may require further attention, meaning the feedback potentially has diagnostic value. Reliable feedback on this tool, as indicated by this analysis, requires 14 colleague responses and 25 patient responses, figures comparable to other MSF tools if CFEP360 is to be used for a high stakes performance evaluation and possible revalidation (generalisability statistic G> or =0.80). For lower stakes performance evaluations, such as personal development, responses from 11 colleagues and 16 patients will still return reliable results (G> or =0.70).
Exploration of sensory impairments associated with C6 and C7 radiculopathies

Cervical radiculopathy is a common disorder caused by compression of the cervical nerve roots and is characterized by arm pain and altered sensory-motor function. Incongruity in the locations of C6 and C7 dermatomes in competing versions of historical dermatome maps has plagued interpretation of impaired sensation associated with C6 and C7 radiculopathies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows accurate identification of the C6 or C7 nerve root compression and therefore makes it possible to explore sensory findings that are associated with compression of specific nerve root.This study compared the locations of impaired sensation in subjects with cervical radiculopathy from MRI-confirmed C6 and C7 nerve root compression.Case series was used for this study.A total of 122 subjects with symptoms suggestive of cervical radiculopathy were recruited by 11 spine specialist from 5 practice locations. Of these, 30 subjects had MRI-confirmed C6 and 40 subjects C7 radiculopathy.Standardized pinprick sensory examination of the forearm and hand of every subject was performed, and the locations of sensory impairments were recorded.Sensory examination was performed before reviewing MRI results or performing motor or reflex examination. Areas of impaired sensation were recorded on drawings of the palmar and dorsal forearm and hand, and translated using a grid into 36 specific areas for analysis. Chi-square was used to compare frequencies of findings for each grid area for C6 and C7 radiculopathies. Power analysis suggested that a minimum of 27 subjects in each group were needed to detect a 30 percentage point difference in frequency of sensory impairments. Significance was set at ≤.05.Approximately 80% of subjects had impaired sensation in at least 1 grid area, most often in the distal forearm and hand, and many had findings in multiple areas. There was nearly complete overlap for locations of impaired sensation for C6 and C7 radiculopathy, and the frequencies of impaired sensation differed only in the dorsal aspect of the distal radial forearm where it was twice as common in C6 radiculopathy (p=.02).The location of sensory impairments associated with symptomatic C6 and C7 nerve root compression overlap to the extent that caution should be exercised when predicting compression of either the C6 or C7 nerve roots based on locations of impaired sensation. Impaired sensation in the radial aspect of the distal forearm is more common in C6 radiculopathies.
HOLD BACK AND REAL TIME RANKING OF RESULTS IN A STREAMING MATCHING SYSTEM

A matching system receives probe audio samples for comparison to references of a data store. Comparisons are generated to determine a sufficient match for a portion or a first amount of the probe sample. Ranking scores are assigned to the resulting match references. The match references are retained, unless meeting a score threshold. Comparisons are continually generated with second amounts of the probe sample and the retained references are updated with further matching references assigned ranking scores. The retained results are merged and determined to satisfy a score threshold for release as outputted results for matching references.
Chain cam

A working mechanism adaptable for producing virtually an infinity of different motions is provided which finds practical utility in a variety of contexts such as the handling of zigzag folded webs. The mechanism preferably includes at least one elongated working element pivotally supported at the inner end thereof and coupled by a pivotal link to an elongated, flexible, continuing closed-loop motion-imparting member such as a chain or belt. Advantageously, the mechanism may comprise a plurality of elongated working elements each coupled with a pair of closed loop path motion-imparting members to produce complex, variable speed motions heretofore difficult to achieve. In a web-handling device, the chain cam mechanism has a rotatable shaft pivotally supporting the inner ends of the elements, along with an endless chain cam-like member coupled via pivotal linkage arms to points intermediate the ends of the elements; the resultant path of travel of the outer or working ends of the elements is dependent upon the geometry of the components and can be readily changed to accommodate different working environments. A novel method and apparatus for handling zigzag folded webs makes use of a pair of identical, laterally spaced apart chain cam working mechanisms with respective working elements being joined at the outer ends thereof by means of corresponding, transverse web-engaging structures. The chain cam mechanisms create a motion serving to successively separate facially opposed and interconnected sheets, whereupon a trailing web-engaging structure engages the sheets and moves the same for further processing such as collation or stapling.
OFFSHORE UNIT AND METHOD OF INSTALLING WELLHEAD PLATFORM USING THE OFFSHORE UNIT

The present invention relates to an offshore unit (10, 60, 62, 64, 58, 70) which includes hull (12) and/or deck frame (52), a mat (14) attached to at least one connecting leg (16) or a spud can (50) attached to each of at least one connecting leg or lower hull (18) attached to at least one connecting means (66), a wellhead deck (24) is removeably attached to the hull (12) and/or deck frame (52) and a sub-sea clamp in conjunction with a caisson (20) or a sub-sea conductor frame (32) removeably attached to the mat (14) or to the at least one connecting leg (16), where a spud can (50) is attached to each of the at least one connecting leg, or to the lower hull (18). The offshore unit is relocatable and is a platform or a rig capable of performing drilling, production, construction, accommodation, hook-up and commissioning or a combination of any of these functions thereof. The offshore unit is a self elevating mobile platform (10, 60, 62, 64) or submersible platform (70) or semi-submersible platform (58). The present invention also relates to a method of installing a wellhead platform (22) which includes a wellhead deck (24), sub-sea conductor frame (32) and at least one conductor (26) using a offshore unit (10, 60, 62, 64, 58, 70). The method includes transporting the offshore unit (10, 60, 62, 64, 58, 70) to offshore installation site, installing the offshore unit, installing at least one conductor (26) through the wellhead deck (24) and sub-sea conductor frame (32) until the at least one conductor (26) penetrate through soil layers to target penetration and securing the wellhead deck (24) to the at least one conductor (26). Alternatively, a sub-sea clamp in conjunction with a caisson can be pre-installed instead of the sub-sea conductor frame and offshore installed conductor. The present invention also relates to method of demobilizing a self elevating mobile platform (10, 60, 62, 64). Besides that, the present invention relates to method of installing a wellhead platform (22) for exploring hydrocarbon below sea bed which includes a wellhead deck (24) and sub-sea conductor frame (32) using a offshore unit.
The unfolded protein response in neurodegeneration

This proposal aims to increase our understanding of the role of translational failure in human neurodegenerative diseases.  We recently discovered the mechanism by which protein misfolding leads to neurodegeneration in prion disease. The pathway involved is a generic cellular pathway, a branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR) that controls protein synthesis at the level of initiation of translation.  Rising levels of misfolded prion protein cause sustained over-activation of the PERK-eIF2α branch of the UPR in neurons resulting in an uncompensated decline in global translation rates, synaptic failure and neuronal death. Reduction of eIF2α-P levels by genetic manipulation or by pharmacological inhibition of PERK, rescue vital translation rates and prevent neurodegeneration and clinical disease in prion-infected mice. There is increasing evidence that UPR dysregulation is a central process in protein misfolding neurodegenerative diseases, and that maintaining translation levels is essential for neuronal health. Raised levels of PERK-P and eIF2α-P occur in brains of patients with Alzheimer’s (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), and related diseases. The pathway is also implicated in learning and memory; manipulation of eIF2α-P levels boost cognition in wild type mice and restore memory deficits in AD mouse models. We will test for over-activation of PERK/eIF2α-P and the effects of its manipulation in other models of neurodegenerative disease.  We will generate new transgenic mouse models that isolate translational failure from specific misfolded proteins and use these to gain valuable new insights into the window for intervention when neurons can still be rescued, the selective vulnerability of different neuronal populations, and the role of the UPR in neurons and glia.  Collectively, the aim is to increase insight into the role of UPR-mediated translational failure in human neurodegenerative disease and determine its tractability for the treatment of dementia.
DUPLICATED FAULT-TOLERANT COMPUTER SYSTEM WITH ERROR CHECKING

A fault tolerant computer system having a first processing system which includes a first data processor for executing a series of data processing instructions. A first data output terminal outputs data from the first processing system. A second processing system, substantially identical to the first processing system, operates independently from the first processing system. The second processing system includes a second data processor for executing the series of data processing instructions in the same sequence as the first data processor. It also includes a second data output terminal for outputting data from the second processing system. A synchronizing device is coupled to the first and second data processors for maintaining the execution of the series of data processing instructions by the first and second processing systems in synchronism. Fault detection devices are coupled to the first and second data output terminals for comparing the data output from the first processing system with the data output from the second processing system. The fault detection devices identify the presence of an error when the data output from the first processing system at the first output terminal is different from the data output from the second processing system at the second output terminal.
Association of Bariatric Surgery With Cancer Risk and Mortality in Adults With Obesity

Obesity increases the incidence and mortality from some types of cancer, but it remains uncertain whether intentional weight loss can decrease this risk.To investigate whether bariatric surgery is associated with lower cancer risk and mortality in patients with obesity.In the SPLENDID (Surgical Procedures and Long-term Effectiveness in Neoplastic Disease Incidence and Death) matched cohort study, adult patients with a body mass index of 35 or greater who underwent bariatric surgery at a US health system between 2004 and 2017 were included. Patients who underwent bariatric surgery were matched 1:5 to patients who did not undergo surgery for their obesity, resulting in a total of 30 318 patients. Follow-up ended in February 2021.Bariatric surgery (n = 5053), including Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy, vs nonsurgical care (n = 25 265).Multivariable Cox regression analysis estimated time to incident obesity-associated cancer (a composite of 13 cancer types as the primary end point) and cancer-related mortality.The study included 30 318 patients (median age, 46 years; median body mass index, 45; 77% female; and 73% White) with a median follow-up of 6.1 years (IQR, 3.8-8.9 years). The mean between-group difference in body weight at 10 years was 24.8 kg (95% CI, 24.6-25.1 kg) or a 19.2% (95% CI, 19.1%-19.4%) greater weight loss in the bariatric surgery group. During follow-up, 96 patients in the bariatric surgery group and 780 patients in the nonsurgical control group had an incident obesity-associated cancer (incidence rate of 3.0 events vs 4.6 events, respectively, per 1000 person-years). The cumulative incidence of the primary end point at 10 years was 2.9% (95% CI, 2.2%-3.6%) in the bariatric surgery group and 4.9% (95% CI, 4.5%-5.3%) in the nonsurgical control group (absolute risk difference, 2.0% [95% CI, 1.2%-2.7%]; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.53-0.87], P = .002). Cancer-related mortality occurred in 21 patients in the bariatric surgery group and 205 patients in the nonsurgical control group (incidence rate of 0.6 events vs 1.2 events, respectively, per 1000 person-years). The cumulative incidence of cancer-related mortality at 10 years was 0.8% (95% CI, 0.4%-1.2%) in the bariatric surgery group and 1.4% (95% CI, 1.1%-1.6%) in the nonsurgical control group (absolute risk difference, 0.6% [95% CI, 0.1%-1.0%]; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.31-0.88], P = .01).Among adults with obesity, bariatric surgery compared with no surgery was associated with a significantly lower incidence of obesity-associated cancer and cancer-related mortality.
The impact of fertilisation on mutualistic network structure

Agricultural ecosystems currently comprise approximately forty percent of the terrestrial surface of the earth. In addition, the impacts of agricultural practices extend far beyond the boundaries of crop fields. The drift and runoff of chemicals applied to croplands directly impact the flora and fauna of surrounding biomes. For example, the amount of fertiliser required to maintain the high productivity of modern cropping systems has impacts on the soil microbiota, the species density and primary productivity of plants, and interacts with disturbance to alter the species composition of plant communities. Much less is known about the effects of soil fertilisation on interactions between plants and insects, though preliminary research indicates that soil enhancement can in fact alter pollinator visitation. Our primary objective is to determine the indirect effects of fertilisation on the structure of mutualistic plant-pollinator communities. This work is motivated not only by an interest in the ecosystem services provided to agricultural systems by pollinators, but also by a conservation interest in the impact of fertiliser runoff into surrounding natural habitat. This research will allow us to discuss the potential cascading impacts of widespread fertilisation practices on mutualistic interactions in agricultural and natural ecosystems. In addition, it will improve our understanding of how complex community interactions are formed and influenced by resource availability, with consequences for the fitness of both interacting partners.
Statement regarding the pre and post market assessment of durable, implantable ventricular assist devices in the United States

The incorporation of complex medical device technologies into clinical practice is governed by critical oversight of the United States Food and Drug Administration. This regulatory process requires a judicious balance between assuring safety and efficacy, while providing efficient review to facilitate access to innovative therapies. Recent contrasting views of the regulatory process have emphasized the difficulties in obtaining an optimal balance. Mechanical circulatory support has evolved to become an important therapy for patients who have advanced heart failure with the advent of more durable, implantable ventricular assist devices. The regulatory oversight of these new technologies has been difficult owing to the complexities of these devices, associated adverse event profile, and severity of illness of the intended patient population. Maintaining a regulatory environment to foster efficient introduction of safe and effective technologies is critical to the success of ventricular assist device therapy and the health of patients with advanced heart failure. Physicians representing key surgical and cardiology societies, and representatives from the Food and Drug Administration, National Heart Lung, and Blood Institute, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Inter-agency Registry of Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support, and industry partners gathered to discuss relevant issues regarding the current regulatory environment assessing ventricular assist devices. The goal of the meeting was to explore innovative ways to foster the introduction of technologically advanced, safe, and effective ventricular assist devices. The following summary reflects opinions and conclusions endorsed by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Heart Association, Heart Failure Society of America, International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation, and Interagency Registry of Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support.
Ecological and evolutionary importance of molecular diversity in dissolved organic matter

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is central to the functioning of freshwater ecosystems that support life on Earth.  For example, DOM has a major role in global carbon (C) cycling by helping to bury four times more C in the bottom of lakes and rivers than across all of the world’s oceans.  DOM also majorly influences the growth of aquatic organisms and impedes drinking water treatment for millions of people, such as by increasing microbial growth.  Yet, despite its importance, DOM remains poorly understood because it has been measured with little resolution for nearly 200 years.  Recent technological advances have now shown that a handful of lake water can contain thousands of different molecules of varying origin and composition.  But the role of all these different molecules in aquatic ecosystems largely remains a mystery.
This project will discover the importance of the tremendous diversity of molecules – termed chemodiversity – found in DOM for lake functioning and human wellbeing.  It will do so by combining cutting-edge techniques in analytical chemistry, genomics, and statistical modelling with careful lab-based studies, proven field experiments, and large-scale observational surveys.  By thinking about species of molecules as we would species of organisms, this project will draw upon rich theory and methods developed for the study of biodiversity.  The work will allow us to learn how variation in chemodiversity across lakes is driven by associations with different microbes and how these microbes reciprocally adapt and evolve to different DOM.  In the process, we will improve predictions of how important functions and services provided by lakes, such as C cycling and drinking water, vary with chemodiversity.  An exciting application of this work is to improve emerging technologies for water purification by identifying microbial consortia that can consume chemodiversity and make water clearer.
Implementation of an electronic ticket on mobile phone

Buying a public transport ticket often makes the whole journey longer, so it would be convenient to have a electronic system at our disposal, that could make this task as easier as possible and without additional steps for the passenger. The wide use of mobile phones, their computational capabilities and their ability to connect to the Internet makes them suitable for solving this problem.
This thesis describes the implementation of a system, which enables the use of mobile phones for acquiring public transport ticket. The development of mobile applications was done using two modern technologies, mobile operating system Android and Near Field Communication (NFC) for Nokia 6212. The passenger registers himself at the start of the journey with his mobile phone and receives an electronic ticket. The ticket is sent to the mobile phone in the form of QR barcode from the application on the server. The passenger registers himself again at the end of the journey, and the system finalizes his trip and calculates the fare. QR barcodes and RFID tags are used for registering passenger at the beginning and at the end of his journey. Mobile application user can also display train arrivals and see the amounts charged. Train conductor can use the Android application to check the validity of the tickets.
A website was built, where new users of this system can register. Administrators can see the data on the journeys of users on another website. The system is designed in a way that users receive the receipt for their past journeys in their email once a month.
The aim of this thesis was to explore the possibility of using RFID tags and QR barcodes along with mobile phones in public transport. This combination was found out to be very promising, what can also be seen in current use of similar systems in some countries.