SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Changes in organic matter cycling in a plankton community exposed to warming under different light intensities

To investigate the combined effect of temperature and light availability on organic matter production and degradation during a winter/spring phytoplankton bloom in Kiel Bight, we conducted a mesocosm study applying two temperature regimes, ambient (T + 0) and plus 6°C (T + 6) and three irradiance levels. Rising temperature accelerated the onset of the phytoplankton bloom, while light intensity played only a minor role for the timing and bloom development. Maximum build-up of chlorophyll a and particulate organic carbon were ∼20% lower at T + 6 compared with T + 0, probably caused by a combination of elevated heterotrophic processes and enhanced sedimentation during the bloom. The latter is supported by increased TEP concentrations at T + 6 (TEP/POC 0.18 mol C/mol C) compared with T + 0 (0.11 mol C/mol C) during bloom conditions, which may have promoted cell aggregation and sinking. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations increased more rapidly at elevated temperature. For a warmer future ocean, we can hence expect two counteracting mechanisms controlling organic matter flow during phytoplankton blooms: (1) enhanced processing of organic matter via the microbial loop resulting in a faster recycling and (2) depending on the dominating phytoplankton species, enhanced TEP formation resulting in increased particle aggregation and thus export of carbon and nutrients.
Enhanced bioconversion of agricultural residues through cascading use

The BIOrescue project aims to develop and demonstrate a new innovative biorefinery concept based on the cascading use of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) supplemented by wheat straw (and other seasonal underutilised lignocellulosic feedstocks. i.e pruning residues, residual citrus peels and wastes). This new concept will avoid disposal and allow for the production of some biodegradable bio-based products and bioactive compounds that will help to replace the existing ones based on fossil resources.

The research will help to expand the business opportunities of the mushroom cultivation farms, and the know-how and business opportunities of all the partners involved. The main innovations are:
- Improved methods for the lab-based rapid (NIR) analysis of biomass
- Innovative two step fractionation of SMS
- Synergic effects for complete SMS glucan hydrolysis
- Innovative enzyme immobilisation strategy
- Development of highly efficient glucan-enzymes
- Novel lignin based nano- and micro-carriers
- Biopesticide production from monomeric sugars SMS derived and their packaging into nanocarriers

The consortium involved is a representation of some BIC members including a large company (Monaghan Mushrooms) which is leading the proposal and some SMEs (MetGen Oy and CLEA Technologies) and BIC associate members (University of Naples and CENER). Additionally other relevant partners with well-known expertise in their respective areas contribute to the objectives. Among them some research organisations (Imperial College of London and Max Planck Institute of Polymers) and Innovative SMEs (Celignis Limited, Zabala Innovation Consulting, Greenovate Europe and C-TECH Innovation Ltd). The synergies between large industry and SME’s go beyond the scope of this project. There is a lot of potential for collaboration between agricultural industry (Monaghan) and biotechnology (MetGen and CLEA) to provide novel solutions for continuous circular economy in large agriculture-based value-chains.
TORSIONAL SHEARING OF OILFIELD TUBULARS

A shearing device that torsionally shears an oilfield tubular by gripping the tubular at vertically spaced apart locations and exerting a torsional force at the locations. Tong assemblies are provided for gripping the tubular, where the tong assemblies include a tong member pivotally mounted on a tong arm. The tong assemblies may be housed in a blowout preventer mounted on a wellhead assembly; projecting the tong assemblies radially inward engages the tong members with the tubular, and moving the arm further radially inward imparts the torsional force onto the tubular. In an alternate embodiment, the shearing device includes holding rams that project radially inward to engage the tubular and a torque rack that tangentially engages the tubular thereby torqueing the tubular.
High Energy efficiency for the pubLIc stOck buildingS in Mediterranean

The building sector is the largest energy consumer in the Mediterranean area. Most buildings are energy inefficient as lack of interventions over time have led to increase annual energy consumption and CO2 emissions. To tackle these common challenges, SOLE supports cost-effective and innovative energy rehabilitations of public buildings. Through knowledge sharing on energy rehabilitation, the partners will define local plans adapted to each of the participating territories where pilot actions will be implemented. Besides these pilots, in order to reduce building energy consumption, SOLE will also intervene at two levels. First, by encouraging behavioral change in people, inspired by an Interreg experience (REBUS project). Secondly, by impacting on local policies through lobbying and advocacy to integrate the pilots´ results in relevant policy frameworks.
Coordination of patterning and growth in the spinal cord

Individuals of the same species vary widely in size, but their organs have reproducible proportions and patterns of cell types. How cell fate specification and tissue growth are coordinated during embryonic development to achieve this reproducibility is a fundamental question in biology. Yet, surprisingly little is known about the underlying mechanisms. A major challenge has been to obtain the quantitative data required to assess the dynamics and variability in growth, pattern and signalling by morphogens – molecules that regulate both cell fate specification and tissue growth. I recently established experimental and theoretical approaches that allowed me to reconstruct with unprecedented resolution the three-dimensional growth and pattern of mouse and chick spinal cord. My data revealed a previously unanticipated role of tissue growth dynamics in controlling pattern reproducibility. This quantitative framework provides an exciting opportunity to elucidate the biophysical and molecular mechanisms of growth and pattern coordination. I will use this unique position to understand: 1) how signalling by multiple morphogens is integrated to control pattern, 2) how morphogens control cell cycle kinetics, 3) how morphogen source and target tissue are coupled to achieve pattern reproducibility. To address these issues, I will build on my experience with quantitative analyses to design novel assays where signalling, cell cycle dynamics and transcriptomes can be precisely measured and manipulated with single cell resolution. I will exploit state-of-the-art genome editing techniques to uncouple the critical feedback links and gain a novel perspective on pattern reproducibility and morphogen function. The project will advance our fundamental understanding of tissue morphogenesis and provide novel insights relevant to understanding information processing by signal transduction cascades, morphogen gradient activity, tissue engineering, and cancer biology.
A novel isotope tool to assess nanoparticle toxicity in wetland plants

Nanoparticles (NPs), metal particles of less than 100nm, are increasingly emitted to the environment from a variety of anthropogenic sources. However, their toxic effects on living organisms, capacity to enter the food chain, and impact in environmental health are poorly understood. NANOREM is a research project aiming to provide the first comprehensive insight into the toxicity of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in wetland plants. This information is essential to evaluate correctly the risk of releasing large quantities of NPs to the environment. In this project we will make use of cutting edge isotope techniques to trace the sources of NP pollution, and to understand how NPs might change the current paradigm of metal cycling and assimilation by plants. Furthermore, NPs will be synthesized from plants and plant extracts using novel methods, and fully characterized.
Optimal water allocation using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm

Agriculture water management in Bangladesh has become a subject of increasing attention due to population growth. Therefore, it is necessary that we optimize water use in order to increase the agricultural production with
the increasing needs of the population as well as to fulfil the need for a sound economy of the country as a whole.

The research engages with the optimum allocation of water in the agricultural sector of Bangladesh. We model the problem using multi-objective constrained optimization problem. The objectives in this problem are to maximize net return and minimizing deficit in environmental flow. A Non-Dominating Sorting Genetic Algorithm, NSGA-II, is used to solve the problem in this research to find the optimum result.

The research indicates that the crops which are produced more and are more profitable in trade should be cultivated more as recommended by the model. The model predictions indicate that rainfall impacts on net return and environmental flow deficit more than water inflow under the scenarios in the Muhuri Irrigation Project (MIP) considered.
Evidence for the involvement of cysteine proteases in the regulation of methyl jasmonate-induced cell death in grapevine

A new system to study programmed cell death (PCD) in plants is described. Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L., cv. Limberger) leaves and suspension cells were induced to undergo a form of cell death that mimics the hypersensitive response (HR) by treatment with a lipid-derived molecule, methyl jasmonate (MeJA). This chemical-induced cell death was accompanied by the characteristic features of apoptosis in animal and plant cells, such as typical changes in nuclear morphology, the fragmentation of the nucleus and protoplast collapse. Local and ectopic treatment of grapevine leaves with phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), leupeptin, and especially with a specific inhibitor of cysteine proteases, E-64, inhibited MeJA-induced cysteine protease activity and blocked PCD triggered by 50 muM MeJA. These results indicate that proteolysis plays a crucial role in MeJA-induced apoptosis and that this type of PCD can be regulated by activity poised between the cysteine protease and the cysteine protease inhibitor.
THE EFFECT OF FELLOW EYE VISUAL ACUITY ON VISUAL ACUITY OF STUDY EYES RECEIVING RANIBIZUMAB FOR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION

To investigate whether extremes in visual acuity (very good or very poor) of the fellow eye (FE) influence visual acuity of the study eye in patients receiving intravitreal ranibizumab treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration.From 2 randomized, controlled, clinical trials (MARINA and ANCHOR), we performed a retrospective analysis of ranibizumab-treated patients who maintained stable FE visual acuity (±5 letters from baseline at each of Months 1, 4, 6, and 12), comparing patients with untreated FE visual acuity that was either 20/32 or better (very good) or 20/200 or worse (very poor). Visual acuity of the treated study eyes, which received monthly intravitreal ranibizumab (0.3 mg or 0.5 mg), was compared between the 2 FE cohorts at the Month 6 and Month 12 visits.A total of 145 patients were analyzed. In the cohort with very poor FE visual acuity (n = 55), there were 35 patients in MARINA and 20 patients in ANCHOR; in the cohort with very good FE visual acuity (n = 90), there were 52 patients in MARINA and 38 patients in ANCHOR.The mean (standard deviation) gain of the study eye visual acuity in the very good FE cohort was 10.3 (13.3) and 10.8 (13.7) letters at Months 6 and 12, respectively, compared with a lesser mean visual acuity gain of 4.6 (12.2) and 6.7 (11.7) letters at Months 6 and 12 in the very poor vision FE cohort. There was no statistically significant difference (adjusted) in the study eye visual acuity change between the 2 cohorts at either 6 months (P = 0.11) or 12 months (P = 0.26).This retrospective analysis of the MARINA and ANCHOR study data did not support the hypothesis that FE visual acuity plays a significant role in driving visual acuity of patients receiving monthly intravitreal ranibizumab injections for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Visual acuity of the FE by itself is, therefore, not a useful parameter in predicting visual acuity in a majority of ranibizumab-treated patients.
A convergence study for the Laguerre expansion in the moment equation method for neoclassical transport in general toroidal plasmas

The dependence of neoclassical parallel flow calculations on the maximum order of Laguerre polynomial expansions is investigated in a magnetic configuration of the Large Helical Device [S. Murakami, A. Wakasa, H. Maassberg, et al., Nucl. Fusion 42, L19 (2002)] using the monoenergetic coefficient database obtained by an international collaboration. On the basis of a previous generalization (the so-called Sugama-Nishimura method [H. Sugama and S. Nishimura, Phys. Plasmas 15, 042502 (2008)]) to an arbitrary order of the expansion, the 13 M, 21 M, and 29 M approximations are compared. In a previous comparison, only the ion distribution function in the banana collisionality regime of single-ion-species plasmas in tokamak configurations was investigated. In this paper, the dependence of the problems including electrons and impurities in the general collisionality regime in an actual nonsymmetric toroidal configuration is reported. In particular, qualities of approximations for the electron distribution function are investigated in detail.
O Concílio dos Deuses de Cyrillo Volkmar Machado – Análise da Pintura Decorativa no tecto do Salão de Baile do Palácio Barão de Quintela e Conde de Farrobo (Lisboa)

O presente trabalho centra-se na análise da pintura mural O Concílio dos Deuses, que o artista Cyrillo Volkmar Machado realizou para o tecto do salão de baile da antiga residência do Barão de Quintela. Esta é talvez a sua obra mais emblemática, pois é provavelmente a primeira vez que um artista, no âmbito da arte da pintura mural portuguesa, se reporta à utilização de uma fonte literária lusitana para o décor de um espaço coeso com os novos conceitos de sociabilidade emergente na segunda metade do século XVIII.
Approximation by sums of piecewise linear polynomials

We present two partitioning algorithms that allow a sum of piecewise linear polynomials over a number of overlaying convex partitions of the unit cube Ω in R d to approximate a function f ∈ W p 3 ( Ω ) with the order N − 6 / ( 2 d + 1 ) in the L p -norm, where N is the total number of cells of all partitions, which makes a marked improvement over the N − 2 / d order achievable on a single convex partition. The gradient of f is approximated with the order N − 3 / ( 2 d + 1 ) . The first algorithm creates d convex partitions and relies on the knowledge of the eigenvectors of the average Hessians of f over the cells of an auxiliary uniform partition, whereas the second algorithm with d + 1 2 convex partitions is independent of f . In addition, we also give an f -independent partitioning algorithm for a sum of d piecewise constants that achieves the approximation order N − 2 / ( d + 1 ) .
ADJUSTABLE SPIRIT LEVEL FOR TILE AND CABINET INSTALLATION

A spirit level for the installation of tile and cabinets includes a rigid body (14) having upper and lower parallel planar surfaces (18, 22) separated by a first predetermined width (46). The body includes a bubble vial (70) oriented to verify the orientation of the level. An auxiliary edge portion (50) has a planar top surface (54) and lower supporting edges (58) parallel to the top surface separated by a second predetermined width (62). The auxiliary edge portion is removably attachable to the upper planar surface o the body, providing a level having two standard widths corresponding to industry standard tiles. An adjusting notch (154) provided with a recessed planar surface (158) is disposed at either end of the body at the planar lower surface. A bolt (186) engages a threaded opening (206) in the recessed planar surface and extends outwardly to a point beyond the planar lower surface when unscrewed from the opening so as to adjust the level to uneven surfaces (194).
The lexical semantics of lexical categories

The distinction between the major lexical categories of noun, verb and adjective figures into myriad linguistic generalizations and has been a center of gravity in the study of language since antiquity. Notwithstanding their importance, lexical categories are poorly understood (see e.g., Baker & Croft 2017). Outstanding is whether there are generalizations about the meanings words in the major categories have. Many have claimed there are, and proposed theories linking meaning and category, in a one to one fashion. Such theories have been criticized, however, in light of clear counterexamples, and consequently the search for a universal link between meaning and category is perceived by many to have been unsuccessful (see von Fintel & Matthewson 2008). This project recasts the search for a link, in the spirit of recent work (Francez & Koontz-Garboden 2017: Chapter 5), not as one for a one-to-one mapping, but for constraints on meaning induced by category. The project targets a domain where the set of relevant meanings is small, but where there is variation in category: property concept sentences—sentences like (1) He is very clever, whose main predicate is an adjective or, (2) akwai shi da waayoo `He is very clever (lit: He exists with cleverness; Hausa; Newman 2000:179)', whose main predicate is not an adjective, but is translated by a sentence whose main predicate is an adjective in languages with a large class of them. Although (1) and (2) have the same meaning, their component parts do not. Recent work shows that the words in property concept sentences that introduce the descriptive content (clever in (1), waayoo (2))--property concept words--vary in meaning, not just in category (Dixon 1982). With three postdocs, this project draws on a 200 language typological survey and in-depth fieldwork to examine the crossclassification of meaning and category in property concept words to shed light on the semantic nature of nouns, verbs, and adjectives generally.
Current and Future Potential Distribution of the Xerophytic Shrub Candelilla (Euphorbia antisyphilitica) under Two Climate Change Scenarios

Candelilla (Euphorbia antisyphilitica Zucc.) is a shrub species distributed throughout the Chihuahuan Desert in northern Mexico and southern of the United States of America. Candelilla has an economic importance due to natural wax it produces. The economic importance and the intense harvest of the wax from candelilla seems to gradually reduce the natural populations of this species. The essence of this research was to project the potential distribution of candelilla populations under different climate change scenarios in its natural distribution area in North America. We created a spatial database with points of candelilla presence, according to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). A spatial analysis to predict the potential distribution of the species using Maxent software was performed. Thirteen of 19 variables from the WorldClim database were used for two scenarios of representative concentration pathways (RCPs) (4.5 as a conservative and 8.5 as extreme). We used climate projections from three global climate models (GCMs) (Max Planck institute, the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory and the Met Office Hadley), each simulating the two scenarios. The final predicted distribution areas were classified in five on-site possible candelilla habitat suitability categories: none (&lt; 19%), low (20–38%), medium (39–57%), high (58–76%) and very high (&gt; 77%). According to the area under the curve (0.970), the models and scenarios used showed an adequate fit to project the current and future distribution of candelilla. The variable that contributed the most in the three GCMs and the two RCPs was the mean temperature of the coldest quarter with an influence of 45.7% (Jackknife test). The candelilla’s distribution area for North America was predicted as approximately 19.1 million hectares under the current conditions for the high habitat suitability; however, the projection for the next fifty years is not promising because the GCMs projected a reduction of more than 6.9 million hectares using either the conservative or extreme scenarios. The results are useful for conservation of the species in the area with vulnerable wild populations, as well as for the selection of new sites suitable for the species growth and cultivation while facing climate change.
CApitalisation for Re-setting Innovation and Sustainability in MED-Cities

CARISMED promotes the uptake of results achieved by 3 ongoing ENI CBC MED projects to develop policies for improving sustainability and integrating innovation into the urban settings of Mediterranean cities, through the capitalization of circular economy (CE) and creative approaches. A great deal of experience in re-setting the existing environment will be provided by these projects through refurbishment and re-using underutilized or abandoned urban stock. Towards a more sustainable and smart urban development, a low-cost Adaptive Reuse Strategy will use MAIA-TAQA innovation practices and interlinks with policy-makers, and INNOMED-UP model for CE procedures within Cultural Creative Industry (CCI) SMEs. CE supply chain will address urban challenges while creating business opportunities for SMEs by using INNOMED-UP model and SME4SMARTCITIES smart tools and techniques through ‘ready to deploy’ solutions. Cooperation agreements among cluster members will be further built up to enhance collaborative innovation schemes based on MAIA-TAQA policy instruments, SME4SMARTCITIES framework for collaboration between the public and private sector, and INNOMED-UP framework for CCI SMEs clustering. Finally, the project will promote innovative methodologies for re-setting the built environment in Mediterranean cities by developing a toolkit and guide on upcycling buildings and areas through CCI SMEs clustering.
AN APPARATUS FOR CONDUCTING PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, OR BIOLOGICAL INTERACTION BETWEEN GASES AND SOLID PARTICLES

The invention provides an apparatus for conducting interaction between gases and solid particles. The apparatus has a vertical hollow shaft with a vertical row of constrictions formed internally and defining a series of intercommunicating chambers in the shaft for guiding the gas and particles e.g. in counter current to effect interaction there between, e.g. for transferring thermal energy. To enable redesign of the apparatus and to enable an improved match between need for capacity and size of the apparatus, the invention provides an apparatus where the shaft comprises a stack of separate modules arranged vertically above each other or side-by-side whereby the apparatus becomes modular.