SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
To See or Not to See: Do Front of Pack Nutrition Labels Affect Attention to Overall Nutrition Information?

Front of pack (FOP) nutrition labels are concise labels located on the front of food packages that provide truncated nutrition information. These labels are rapidly gaining prominence worldwide, presumably because they attract attention and their simplified formats enable rapid comparisons of nutritional value.Eye tracking was conducted as US consumers interacted with actual packages with and without FOP labels to (1) assess if the presence of an FOP label increases attention to nutrition information when viewers are not specifically tasked with nutrition-related goals; and (2) study the effect of FOP presence on consumer use of more comprehensive, traditional nutrition information presented in the Nutritional Facts Panel (NFP), a mandatory label for most packaged foods in the US.Our results indicate that colored FOP labels enhanced the probability that any nutrition information was attended, and resulted in faster detection and longer viewing of nutrition information. However, for cereal packages, these benefits were at the expense of attention to the more comprehensive NFP. Our results are consistent with a potential short cut effect of FOP labels, such that if an FOP was present, participants spent less time attending the more comprehensive NFP. For crackers, FOP labels increased time spent attending to nutrition information, but we found no evidence that their presence reduced the time spent on the nutrition information in the NFP.The finding that FOP labels increased attention to overall nutrition information by people who did not have an explicit nutritional goal suggests that these labels may have an advantage in conveying nutrition information to a wide segment of the population. However, for some food types this benefit may come with a short-cut effect; that is, decreased attention to more comprehensive nutrition information. These results have implications for policy and warrant further research into the mechanisms by which FOP labels impact use of nutrition information by consumers for different foods.
Spectroscopic and Computational Characterization of Substrate-Bound Mouse Cysteine Dioxygenase: Nature of the Ferrous and Ferric Cysteine Adducts and Mechanistic Implications

Cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) is a mononuclear non-heme Fe-dependent dioxygenase that catalyzes the initial step of oxidative cysteine catabolism. Its active site consists of an Fe(II) ion ligated by three histidine residues from the protein, an interesting variation on the more common 2-His-1-carboxylate motif found in many other non-heme Fe(II)-dependent enzymes. Multiple structural and kinetic studies of CDO have been carried out recently, resulting in a variety of proposed catalytic mechanisms; however, many open questions remain regarding the structure/function relationships of this vital enzyme. In this study, resting and substrate-bound forms of CDO in the Fe(II) and Fe(III) states, both of which are proposed to have important roles in this enzyme's catalytic mechanism, were characterized by utilizing various spectroscopic methods. The nature of the substrate/active site interactions was also explored using the cysteine analogue selenocysteine (Sec). Our electronic absorption, magnetic circular dichroism, and resonance Raman data exhibit features characteristic of direct S (or Se) ligation to both the high-spin Fe(II) and Fe(III) active site ions. The resulting Cys- (or Sec-) bound species were modeled and further characterized using density functional theory computations to generate experimentally validated geometric and electronic structure descriptions. Collectively, our results yield a more complete description of several catalytically relevant species and provide support for a reaction mechanism similar to that established for many structurally related 2-His-1-carboxylate Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenases.
Molecular and functional identification of organic anion transporter isoforms in cultured bovine mammary epithelial cells (BME-UV)

Mammary epithelial cells express a diversity of membrane transporters including members of organic cation and organic anion (OAT) transporter subfamilies. Four mammal OAT isoforms have been identified: OAT-1, OAT-2, OAT-3, and OAT-4. The pharmacological significance of OAT isoforms has been emphasized because of their role in the movement of a wide variety of substrates across epithelial barriers. The present study identified (molecularly and functionally) bovine OAT isoforms in bovine mammary epithelial (BME-UV) cells. mRNA expression levels of all tested transporters in BME-UV cells were less than expression levels of the corresponding transporters in bovine kidney. Directionality in the flux of P-aminohippuric acid and acetylsalicylate, compounds known to interact with OAT-1 and OAT-2, respectively, across BME-UV monolayers was not observed at the concentrations used in this study. Directionality was, however, observed in the flux of estrone sulfate (EsS). Adding probenecid, penicillin G or nonradiolabeled EsS to the apical donor compartment significantly increased the apical-to-basolateral flux of EsS across the BME-UV monolayer. These results suggest that BME-UV cells express an organic anion transport system, making it a potentially useful model to study the role of this transport system in the mammary epithelial barrier.
The glacial geomorphology of the Loch Lomond (Younger Dryas) Stadial in Britain: a review

This paper systematically reviews the glacial geomorphological evidence of the Loch Lomond Stadial (LLS; Younger Dryas) glaciation in Britain (12.9–11.7 ka). The geomorphology of sub-regions within Scotland, England and Wales is assessed, providing the most comprehensive synthesis of this evidence to date. The contrasting nature of the evidence at the local scale is reviewed and conceptual themes common to multiple sub-regions are examined. Advancements in glaciological theory, mapping technologies, numerical modelling and dating have been applied unevenly to localities across Britain, inhibiting a holistic understanding of the extent and dynamics of the LLS glaciation at a regional scale. The quantity and quality of evidence is highly uneven, leading to uncertainties regarding the extent of glaciation and inhibiting detailed analysis of ice dynamics and chronology. Robust dates are relatively scarce, making it difficult to confidently identify the limits of LLS glaciers and assess their synchroneity. Numerical models have allowed the glacier–climate relationships of the LLS to be assessed but have, thus far, been unable to incorporate local conditions which influenced glaciation. Recommendations for future research are made that will allow refined reconstructions of the LLS in Britain and contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of glacier–climate interactions during the Younger Dryas.
UV-C irradiation accelerates neutral lipid synthesis in the marine oleaginous diatom Fistulifera solaris

This study investigated the induction of oil synthesis in the oleaginous diatom, Fistulifera solaris, following irradiation with small doses of UV-C. A rapid induction of oil accumulation was confirmed within 6h following UV-C radiation of the diatom cells, with increases in cell oil body volumes after 24h of approximately 4- to 6-fold from the initial volume. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be generated by a UV-C-mediated reaction, were detected in irradiated cells and the correlation between ROS generation and oil accumulation was confirmed. The smallest UV-C intensity required for oil induction in the cells was 10mJ/cm2. Based on the ideal biodiesel profile, the most suitable FAME composition was obtained when UV255 was used to irradiate the cells. The UV-C radiation method is therefore a solution for shortening the oil accumulation period and improving biodiesel productivity.
Experimental Evolution of Fission Yeast Genomes in Response to Repeated Environmental Changes

Evolutionary biology has mainly relied on comparative studies. Supported by the advances in genomics, several groups are now using microorganisms for experimental evolution studies to directly observe the evolution process and its genetic basis. To understand how cells adapt to an environmental stress, I developed experimental evolution assays during which fission yeast populations were repeatedly exposed to short heat-shocks, followed immediately by ideal growth conditions. Samples were frozen after each selection cycle for subsequent phenotypic and genotypic analyses. In total, I performed 10 independent such experiments for up to 150 selection cycles, including a control experiment with mock-treated samples. In all experiments, except for the mock-treated control, cells acquired a markedly increased survival to heat and other stresses within only 10-20 selection cycles, while during later cycles there was a more subtle but continuous increase in stress resistance. Surprisingly, all populations, including the mock-treated control, also evolved a more rapid re-initiation of exponential growth following heat shock and a more efficient use of the growth medium, reflected by higher biomass in stationary phase. These rapid adaptations seem to be based on DNA variations as the new phenotypes are stable. The cellular phenotypes and global regulation of gene expression of the evolved strains were determined using stress assays and DNA microarrays. Genomes of 96 strains at selected time points over the course of the evolution experiments were sequenced. We analyzed what genetic changes in regulatory and coding regions occurred in the different independent experiments, with the ultimate goal of uncovering the specific changes that are causing the striking alteration in phenotype. In collaboration with Dr. Ville Mustonen, we determined dynamic allele frequency trajectories that had swept through each population. Genetic variation among the parental cells seems to underlie the rapid initial adaptation of new phenotypes. This analysis led to the discovery of a common haplotype consisting of 9 mutations, which is likely associated with the more rapid recovery of growth after heat shock.
Intergroup toleration: it’s nature, processes, and consequences for culturally diverse societies

Increasingly our societies are becoming more diverse and how to live with this diversity is one of the most pressing questions of our time. In Europe, intergroup tolerance has been proposed as a key aspect of living harmoniously and productively with diversity; it is critical because objection and disagreement about what is good and right are inevitable. A diverse, egalitarian, and peaceful society does not require that we all like each other, but it does require that people at least tolerate one another. Yet, there has been very little by way of social psychological theorizing and systematic empirical research on intergroup toleration. 

This research will advance the state of the art in the social sciences by moving beyond intergroup stereotypes, prejudices and discrimination, and focusing on the social psychology of intergroup toleration in which differences are endured. This new line of research will unravel the interrelated aspects of toleration. We will elucidate: (1) the underlying psychological aspects of tolerance (the objection component), 2) the psychological processes underlying tolerance (the acceptance component), 3) the limits of tolerance (the rejection component), and 4) the social psychological consequences of being tolerated. This program has a coherent theoretical framework and empirically toleration will be examined by using a combination of survey data, framing experiments, and lab experiments involving EEG. The research will provide key insights into the social psychological dynamics of intergroup toleration. This can form the basis for developing and implementing initiatives and approaches that contribute to a more tolerant society. Given the contested nature of cultural diversity and the absence of systematic social psychological investigations, the proposed research is both ground-breaking and timely.
Innovation hub for surface and colloid biology research

Novel material’s design is a geopolitical challenge to provide safe, sustainable and cost-efficient industrial products; once in the environment, they face their (intended or not) exposure to biotic factors as microbial cells, which can cause high economic burdens.
Research in the cell-surface interaction field is being addressed from either a biological or a materials science perspective, usually with limited outputs due to the complexity of this topic. The application of both, state of the art spectroscopy and microscopy analytic technologies, microbiology and systems biology tools to study microbial-surface interactions can lead to a better understanding the processes occurring at their interface, which will contribute to provide ad-hoc solutions for materials design with enhanced properties, such as more durable materials (reducing losses), improved antimicrobial surfaces (health sector) or better microbial supports to increase the productivity of bioprocesses (pharma, food, agriculture). 

The JSI’s excellent track in basic and applied multidisciplinary research areas, particularly in the combination of physical, chemical and biological processes influencing the environment and human affairs. SurfBio research package (spectrometry, imaging, smart biocarriers, nanoparticles characterization, microbiology, systems biology and bioinformatics), will reinforce JSI to successfully address the interdisciplinary of the topic.

Thus, JSI will  lead an emerging discipline, coordinating expert institutions in synergistic fields, finally launching an Innovation Hub to provide research services and assessment to material designers and biotechnology researchers, academy, industry or policy makers. Twinning call matches the needs of the Slovenian research to boost their potential and visibility National and Internationally. Expertise of partners in promotion, funding search and project management and their wide network will support the JSI upgrade balanced and responsively.
Harmonic Analysis of AP1000 Large-capacity Turbo-generator Based on BP Neural Network

The research is aimed at the application of back propagation neural network (BP NN) on the world's first AP1000 third generation 1250 MVA nuclear half-speed (4-pole) turbogenerator in harmonic analysis. Harmonic distortion has caused many power quality problems in the large-capacity generator unite of power system since the discovery of alternating current system. Taken AP1000 nuclear turbo-generator which has many problems needed solving as the analysis example, this paper presents the BP neural network technique which can realize the ability of self-learning to estimate and calculate the harmonics in AP1000 turbo-generator under various negative-sequence loss conditions. Considering the BP neural network application and harmonic effects in the large-capacity turbo-generator, overall simulation is performed in this work. Simulation results indicate that the method of using BP neural network is effective and accurate, and the change regulation of each harmonic is also obtained.
CHOLESTERIC LIQUID CRYSTAL DEVICES

A liquid crystal cell (10) treated for homeotropic alignment of a chiral nematic liquid crystal material (11) having a negative dielectric anisotropy.
Sexual Pleasure and Intimacy Among Men Who Engage in “Bareback Sex”

An ethnically diverse sample of 120 mostly gay-identified men who engaged in "bareback" intercourse was recruited via the Internet in New York City. By study design three quarters of participants were HIV-uninfected and engaged in condomless receptive anal intercourse. In the course of face-to-face in-depth interviews, participants were asked what led them to have their first bareback experience as well as to continue with the behavior. Qualitative analysis identified the pivotal role that sexual pleasure and intimacy have in this population and how drives for sexual satisfaction, adventure, intimacy, and love overpower health concerns and condom use recommendations. Men interested in bareback sex use a variety of defense mechanisms to account for, justify, and exonerate their behavior. HIV-prevention interventions have paid insufficient attention to libidinal drives, a crucial element of psychological functioning.
Banking Liquidity in Morocco

The latest financial crisis that shook the world and its effects continue to worsen, especially the successive failures of major international banks (Lehman Brothers in the United States for example) have returned to the center stage the issue of banking risks including liquidity risk. This risk must be currently managed by more sophisticated methods. The central purpose of this research is the analysis of the liquidity of Moroccan banking sector, because ultimately all proposed routes are articulated around it. Thus, monetary policy tends to naturally control the increase in the volume of money and quasi-money supply available to the agents of non-banking sector to make it compatible with the rate of change of the aggregate supply of goods and services, that is to say, the gross domestic product. This article provides evidence, based on a retrospective analysis of the various underlying causes of under bank liquidity
Savanna plant community types at El Palmar National Park (Argentina)

Since 1965, El Palmar National Park, Entre Rios, protects the largest remnant of Butia yatay palm savanna, a species-rich ecosystem threatened by human activity. To study the functioning of this ecosystem and to manage its preservation, it is necessary to have an adequate picture of its vegetation heterogeneity. In this paper, we present a phytosociological classification of the plant communities of this savanna, describe their structure, species composition and richness, and provide their distribution in the landscape. To stratify our data acquisition, we first mapped the major geomorphic units in this landscape. In the spring of 1999 and the following summer, we conducted complete inventories of plant species in 73 savanna stands with different fire histories distributed throughout the different geomorphic units. We used multivariate analysis and numerical classification techniques to group inventories in plant community types and species in floristic groups. Finally, we summarized the compositional differences among community types as a metric multidimensional scaling ordination. We defined seven community types, recognizable by combinations of 20 floristic groups. The pattern of similarities among these community types suggests that floristic heterogeneity is organized along two gradients, one associated with soil texture differences, and the other with differences in water input. Three of the community types, closely related to each other, are distributed on elevated fluvial terraces and interfluves, in correspondence with gradual differences in topography and soil. These community types undergo successional change due to woody encroachment triggered by cattle exclusion and maintained by scarcity of natural fires. The remaining four community types are strictly associated with rocky outcrops, sand deposits, or runoff pathways that interrupt the landscape matrix, with no apparent woody encroachment.
Innovative uses of low-temperature geothermal resources in South East Europe  

It is undoubtedly true that growing concerns on environmental issues, desire of energetic independency and increasing process of energy require the development and utilization of clean and renewable energy sources. A significant contribution to these issues can be offered by geothermal resources and geothermal-derived energy. Due to its base-load power, a higher than 90 percent availability, a small footprint as well as low carbon emissions, this type of natural resource and form of energy are expected to contribute significantly to the diversification of the energy portfolio in Europe and the development of local or regional energy strategies. It is also evident that low and moderate temperature (less than 150°C) is by far the most common geothermal resource, as evidenced by the high number of hot springs that surface to the top of the Earth in many locations around the globe and Europe, in a much greater number than is the case with high-temperature sources. Yet, the utilization of low-to-middle temperature geothermal reservoirs for electricity production in Europe or the enhancement of the potential of different RESs has been only very recently investigated and is still far from being fully ascertained. The GeoSEE project intends to address these limitations and challenges to demonstrate that there are innovative approaches that can be pursued to realize in the short term the potential of low-enthalpy geothermal resources to produce electricity and additionally enhance that of already established renewable sources. These approaches will allow the countries within the area of South East Europe (SEE) and beyond to leverage the positive features of water-dominated geothermal sources, such as their low or no environmental impact and continuous operation, whilst contributing to the achievement of the most recent binding energy targets that have been agreed upon by European countries, as specified for instance in the European Energy and Climate Change Policy and its 20-20-20 targets for 2020. The GeoSEE project addresses the above challenges through two major outputs: a Strategic Agenda in the field of low-temperature geothermal energy and a Policy Guide. The former will include recommendations defining the way-ahead in SEE and Europe to ensure that national and European government and economic operators can achieve their objectives in increasing energy and resource efficiency through the deployment of low-temperature geothermal power. The latter will address all current restrictions in national and European legislation that hinder the adoption of innovative and sustainable utilization of low-temperature geothermal resources and suggest legislative solutions to facilitate and streamline permitting procedures and market adoption of low-temperature geothermal energy. The GeoSEE project involves 11 partners from 8 countries and will run for 24 months between October 2012 and September 2014.