SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Two-level control for fast electrical vehicle charging stations with multi flywheel energy storage system

This paper applies a hierarchical control for a fast charging station (FCS) composed of paralleled PWM rectifier and dedicated paralleled multiple flywheel energy storage systems (FESSs), in order to mitigate peak power shock on grid caused by sudden connection of electrical vehicle (EV) chargers. Distributed DC-bus signaling (DBS) and method resistive virtual impedance are employed in the power coordination of grid and flywheel converters, and a centralized secondary controller generates DC voltage correction term to adjust the local voltage set point. The control system is able to realize the power balancing and improve DC voltage regulation with low reliance on digital communication technology. Algorithm has been developed in Matlab/Simulink and compiled to real-time simulation platform dSPACE 1006. Corresponding simulation results have been reported in order to verify the validity of proposed control strategy.
Innate immunity and organ transplantation: focus on lung transplantation

Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) that occurs with solid organ transplantation activates the innate immune system to induce inflammation. This leads to enhanced acute allograft rejection, impaired transplant tolerance and accelerated progression of chronic rejection. In this review, we discuss the innate immune signaling pathways that have been shown to play a role in organ transplantation. In particular, we focus on Toll-like receptor signaling pathways and how they have influenced outcomes after organ transplantation both experimentally and from clinical studies. Furthermore, we describe the substances that trigger the innate immune system after transplantation and several of the key cellular mediators of inflammation. We specifically point out unique aspects of activation of the innate immune system after lung transplantation. Finally, we discuss the areas that should be investigated in the future to more clearly understand the influence of the innate immune system after organ transplantation.
Evaluation of Honey Consumption in Cluj Napoca

SUMMARY This study represents a continuation of the researc h conducted in the frame of the author PHD thesis. The research on honey consumption in the main cities of Transylvania is an essential component of the first stage of the po stdoctoral project named “A technical and economic analysis of the beekeeping in the North West Region of Romania in order to ensure sustainable development of the beekeeping chain”. T he objective of the present research was to identify the main trends on honey consumption in Cluj Napoca and to reveal causal links between variables of honey consumption and socio-demographic characteristics of respondents. The purpose of this phase was to obtai n general information about honey consumers in Cluj Napoca (quantity, frequency, reas ons for which they like honey and reasons of non-consumption). Consumer profile is based on these variables and on sociodemographic characteristics. The author used primar y and secondary research methods, internationally accepted (Vanyi et al. , 2009). The questionnaire was based on the same questions used in the previous research, conducted at national level (Pocol, 2008). Data collection was carried out in hypermarkets and open markets. A number of 200 questionnaires were filled and analysed. The table below presents the four types of honey consumers identified in Cluj:
THERMALLY CONDUCTIVE THERMOPLASTICS FOR DIE-LEVEL PACKAGING OF MICROELECTRONICS

A composition and method for die-level packaging of microelectronics is disclosed. The composition includes about 20% to about 80% of a thermoplastic base matrix; about 20% to about 70% of a non-metallic, thermally conductive material such that the composition has a coefficient of thermal expansion of less than 20 ppm/C and a thermal conductivity of greater than 1.0 W/mK. Using injection molding techniques, the composition can be molten and then injected into a die containing the microelectronics to encapsulate the microelectronics therein.
Primary commodities : historical perspectives and prospects

This paper treats four themes, intended to provide an historical framework for the analysis of national commodity export dependence. The first reviews the significance of primary commodities in the overall economy at different stages of economic development. The second theme tracks the long run decline in bulk transport costs, and explores the implications of this for the establishment of markets with a global reach. The third considers the 50-year wave of deep public intervention and control, in commodity production and trade, in the middle of the 20 th century. The fourth theme reviews commodity prices, both long run trends and short run instability. A final section of the paper summarizes the historical findings and looks forward in an attempt to provide some insights of relevance for nations heavily dependent on commodity exports. 1. Primary commodities in the economic development process The significance of the primary sector in a national economy is regularly reduced in the process of economic development. Long historical series to vindicate this statement are hard to come by. However, Simon Kuznets (1966) presents the following assessments of the shares of agriculture and mining in GDP in selected countries over extended periods of time. The contraction in the primary share emerges starkly from his figures: Australia c:a 1860 36%
Effect of probiotics supplementation through drinking water on performance, haemoimmunobiochemical profile and intestinal microflora of broilers

A study was conducted for six weeks to assess the effect of various drinking water treatments on performance, haemoimmunobiochemical profile and intestinal microflora of broilers. Three hundred and six day old broiler chicks were randomly divided into six groups of three replications each. The control group (T1) was fed with basal diet formulated as per BIS specifications. The five dietary treatments comprised of T2, basal diet plus composite week protocol comprised of (a) clean drinking water for 1 day, (b) jaggery water @ 2 g/l for 2 days, (c) acidified water, of acetic acid @ 5 ml/l for 2 days, (d) curd water, curd @ 2 ml/l containing probiotic Lactobacillus sporogens 60 million spores/ml for 2 days, T3 basal diet plus composite week protocol alternate week, T4 basal diet plus jaggery in drinking water @ 2 g/l daily, T5 basal diet plus acidified drinking water @ 5 ml/l daily and T6 basal diet plus curd in drinking water @ 2 ml/l daily. The body weight gain was significantly (P<0.01) higher in broilers fed with curd water; similarly FCE was also better on supplementation of curd water. The nitrogen retention was significantly (P<0.01) more in curd water supplemented group. The haemobiochemical profile indicated significantly (P<0.01) higher TEC, PCV, blood glucose, total serum protein and lower total lipids and cholesterol in curd water supplemented group. The immunological studies revealed significantly higher HI titre on curd water supplementation. The curd water treatment was also found to be effective in increasing the length of intestine, thinning out of intestinal wall and to lower the weight of intestine resulted into increase in the nutrient absorption from intestine. The Lactobacillus count was found to be increased on jaggery water treatment and curd water treatment. The illeal Enterobactereaece count was significantly (P<0.01) lowest on curd water supplementation, however the count was highest on jaggery water supplementation indicating the restrictions of jaggery water to provide medium for natural establishment of microflora. The economics of broiler production reveals that curd water containing Lactobacillus sporogens supplementation was most profitable in terms of net profit gain from broilers. It was concluded that the supplementation of curd water through drinking water proved to be effective and most economical in terms of net profit gain per bird. Hence, curd @ 2ml/l containing 60 million spores/g of Lactobacillus sporogens could be supplemented for profitable broiler rearing.
Effect of Typical Vegetation Restoration Pattern on Soil and Water Conservation in Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley of Yunnan Province

In Yuanmou dry-hot valley of Yunnan Province,three typical vegetation restoration patterns including production forest transformed from sloping fields to terracing,ecological afforestation within the gully and ecological aforestation in gully head and slope were selected to compare their effects on soil and water conservation.Soil and water loss,soil infiltration rate and the soil moisture dynamics of soil profile with the depth of 0-100 cm of these three patterns and their controls were observed by established standard observation plots in rainy season.The results showed that the soil and water loss of ecological afforestation and production forest terrace reduced by over 30% and 60% compared with their controls(without growth of any vegetation)respectively,showing significant control effect on the soil and water loss.Vegetation restoration also apparently increased the infiltration rate of soil(increased by 100%-200%).In rainy season,the soil moisture content of ecological afforestation and production forest terrace increased by over 30% and 100% compared with their controls.This indicated that vegetation restoration will not lead to soil aridity during the rainy season;vegetation restoration not only reduced the loss of surface water and soil fine particles,but also enhanced the infiltration of precipitation.These two effects made the soil moisture content increase throughout the profile.
ACTUATOR DRIVE WITH AN ASSEMBLY FOR ELECTRICALLY MANUALLY OPERATING AN ACTUATOR DRIVE

The invention relates to a device for use in automation systems, and consists of an actuator drive (1) and an assembly (27) for manually operating the actuator drive, an electrical drive or an electro-hydraulic drive being provided as the driving element (3) for the actuator drive (1). The assembly (27) comprises a generator (18) and a manual operational element (6) for the generator (18), the assembly (27) being electrically connectible to the driving element (3) of the actuator drive (1).
Fuel via low carbon integrated technology from ethanol

The most recent IPCC report paints a stark picture of our changing climate and the urgency of action to reduce emissions in every sector of the economy. While light-duty road transport can decarbonize through electrification, aviation will continue to require energy dense liquid fuels for the foreseeable future. If we are to decarbonize aviation, it must be through low-carbon fuels that can be made from abundant, sustainable sources that do not increase pressure on land or food. 

The Fuel via Low Carbon Integrated Technology from Ethanol (FLITE) consortium (LanzaTech, SkyNRG, E4tech, RSB, and Fraunhofer) proposes to expand the supply of low carbon jet fuel in Europe by designing, building, and demonstrating an innovative ethanol-based Alcohol-to-Jet (ATJ) technology in an ATJ Advanced Production Unit (ATJ-APU). The ATJ-APU will produce jet blendstocks from non-food/non-feed ethanol with over 70% GHG reductions relative to conventional jet. The Project will demonstrate >1000 hours of operations and production of >30,000 metric tonnes of Sustainable Aviation Fuel, and supports the European Advanced Biofuel Flightpath objectives of getting SAFs to the market faster and using 2 million tonnes of aviation biofuels by 2020.

Ethanol is the ideal SAF feedstock as it can be produced from diverse and abundant resources, including residues from agriculture, forestry, and industry – and even from municipal waste. More low carbon ethanol technologies are being developed in Europe and elsewhere, while at the same time greater electric vehicle penetration reduces ethanol demand. Ethanol-based SAF offers an opportunity to divert sustainable carbon from road transport – which can be electrified – to aviation, which cannot. This strategy will expand the ethanol market and meet aviation’s low carbon fuel needs. The diversity of ethanol sources offers the potential to produce cost-competitive SAF, accelerating uptake by commercial airlines and paving the way for implementation.
Sibling competition does not exacerbate inbreeding depression in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides

Inbreeding results from matings between relatives and can cause a reduction in offspring fitness, known as inbreeding depression. Previous work has shown that a wide range of environmental stresses, such as extreme temperatures, starvation and parasitism, can exacerbate inbreeding depression. It has recently been argued that stresses due to intraspecific competition should have a stronger effect on the severity of inbreeding depression than stresses due to harsh physical conditions. Here, we tested whether an increase in the intensity of sibling competition can exacerbate inbreeding depression in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides. We used a 2 × 3 factorial design with offspring inbreeding status (outbred or inbred) and brood size (5, 20, or 40 larvae) as the two factors. We found a main effect of inbreeding status, as inbred larvae had lower survival than outbred larvae, and a main effect of brood size, as larvae in large broods had lower survival and mass than larvae in medium-sized broods. However, there was no effect of the interaction between inbreeding status and brood size, suggesting that sibling competition did not influence the severity of inbreeding depression. Since we focused on sibling competition within homogeneous broods of either inbred or outbred larvae, we cannot rule out possible effects of sibling competition on inbreeding depression in mixed paternity broods comprising of both inbred and outbred offspring. More information on whether and when sibling competition might influence inbreeding depression can help advance our understanding of the causes underlying variation in the severity of inbreeding depression.
Unionism and the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission 1999–2005: Hostility, Hubris and Hesitancy

The Belfast Agreement created an entirely new framework for the protection of human rights in Northern Ireland, the centrepiece of which was the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission (NIHRC). From the outset, human rights activists in Northern Ireland invested much hope in the ability of the NIHRC to help deliver a new rights-based approach to governance in Northern Ireland. However, since its inception, unionists in Northern Ireland have had a difficult relationship with this organisation, and the purpose of this article is to explore in greater depth the relationship between unionists and the NIHRC in the period between 1999 and 2005 during Professor Brice Dickson's tenure as Chief Commissioner. First, it considers the context, powers and remit of the NIHRC, before moving on to explore and analyse the relationship between influential strands of unionist opinion and the NIHRC 1999–2005, identifying what the key issues were for unionists during this period.
Nature and spatial distribution of sulfur species in a sulfated barium-based commercial lean NOx trap catalyst

Abstract We report observations of the nature and spatial distribution of sulfur species on a sulfated Ba-based commercial lean NOx trap (LNT) catalyst. The monolithic catalyst was sulfated in a bench flow reactor during 60/5-s NOx-storage/reduction cycling to achieve a total sulfur loading of 3.4 g L−1 of catalyst. Washcoat composition, structure and sulfur distribution were analyzed with electron probe microanalysis, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed reduction. The most significant washcoat elements of catalytic relevance were Pt, Pd, Rh, Ba, Ce, Zr, Mg, Al, and these were present mainly in four distinct domains: (i) Mg/Al mixed oxide with Pt, Ce; (ii) Al oxide with Rh, Pd; (iii) Ce/Zr mixed oxide with Pt, Pd, Ba (high Ba content); (iv) Ce/Zr mixed oxide with Pt, Pd, Ba (low Ba content). Sulfur was present in the form of sulfates that decreased in concentration along the LNT axis from front to back. Barium showed the highest sulfur affinity leading to a plug-like axial progression of its sulfation. The sulfation of Al, Mg/Al, and Ce/Zr oxides was less vigorous with a more axially dispersed and less penetrating front.
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Alkaline Pretreated Coconut Coir

The purpose of this research is to study the effect of concentration and temperature on the cellulose and lignin content, as well as the reducing sugars produced in the enzymatic hydrolysis of coconut coir. In this research, the coconut coir is pretreated using 3%, 7%, and 11% NaOH solution at 60 o C, 80 o C, and 100 o C. The pretreated coir were assayed by measuring the amount of cellulose and lignin and then hydrolysed using Celluclast and Novozyme 188 under various temperature (30 o C, 40 o C, 50 o C) and pH (3, 4, 5). The hydrolysis results were assayed for the reducing sugar content. The results showed that the alkaline delignification was effective to reduce lignin and to increase the cellulose content of the coir. The best delignification condition was observed at 11% NaOH solution and 100 o C which removed 14.53% of lignin and increased the cellulose content up to 50.23%. © 2013 BCREC UNDIP. All rights reserved. (Selected Paper from International Conference on Chemical and Material Engineering (ICCME) 2012)
HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH PAPER SUITABLE FOR USE IN ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS

A paper suitable for use as a separator paper in electrochemical cells and an electrochemical cell comprising same, the paper comprising as the sole fibrous components (95) to (100) weight percent fibrils and (0) to (5) weight percent aramid fibrids and having a thickness of (10) to (40) micrometers and a tensile strength of at least (15) megapascals or greater, the fibrils comprising a polymer blend of (80) to (96) weight percent polyparaphenylene terephthalamide and (4) to (20) weight percent of polyvinylpyrrolidone; the fibrils having a diameter of (10) to (2000) nanometers, a length of (0.2) to (3) millimeters, a surface area of (3) to (40) square meters/gram, and a Canadian Standard Freeness of (0) to (10) milliliters.
SENSATION MODIFYING TOPICAL COMPOSITION FOAM

This invention relates to foamable compositions that are capable of producing a sensation or sensation modifying effect upon application on a body surface. More particularly the invention relates to a composition that provides to a subject at least one sensation for a sustained period of time following application to the skin. The composition includes (a) at least one sensation or sensation modifying agent, comprising one or more of a cooling agent, a warming agent, a relaxing or soothing agent, and a stimulating or refreshing agent; (b) a foamable carrier; and (c) a propellant having a concentration about 3% to about 45% by weight of the total composition. The composition is stored in an aerosol container and upon release expands to form a non-crackling short term stable foam.
How have catch shares been allocated?

Abstract A unique database was created that describes the methods used to allocate shares in nearly every major catch share fishery in the world. Approximately 54% of the major catch share fisheries in the world allocated the Total Allowable Catch (TAC) solely on the basis of historical catch records, 3% used auctions, and 6% used equal sharing rules. The remaining 37% used a combination of methods, including vessel-based rules. These results confirm the widely-held belief that nearly all catch share programs have “grandfathered” private access to fishery resources: 91% of the fisheries in the database allocated some fraction of the TAC on the basis of historical catch. This publicly available database should be a useful reference tool for policymakers, academics, and others interested in catch shares management in Hawai'i and across the globe.
Foreign exchange rate exposure and determinants of using foreign currency derivatives: An empirical study on public listed firms of Malaysia

Financial theory holds that fluctuations in exchange rate significantly influence open market firms by affecting their cash flows and firm value. Because of high market openness and fluctuations in Malaysian exchange rate, this study, therefore, aims to investigate the extent to which 224 sampled firms of Malaysia face foreign exchange risk during the period of 2008 to 2014. Similarly, the continuous improvement in derivative market structure has enabled corporations to effectively manage their foreign exchange risk by using a variety of financial hedging tools such as foreign currency derivatives (FCDs). Therefore, the second aim of this study is to investigate the extent of the influence of foreign exchange risk and other firm’s characteristics on the use of FCDs. This study employs ordinary least square model and logistic regression model to achieve first and second aim of the study respectively. Results show that the fluctuations in exchange rate significantly affect Malaysian firms’ value during 
the sample period. It is also found that hedging pattern of Malaysian firms is significantly explained by the foreign exchange risk. The findings reveal that financial distress, firm size and exposure to foreign business operations significantly affect FCDs use. However, the study finds no support for risk management committee, underinvestment theory and liquidity hypotheses in explaining derivative use. This study contributes to relevant literature by introducing two new variables: foreign exchange rate exposure and risk management committee; using new market index and estimating both total and residual exposures. The results have implications for managers by guiding them to carefully consider highly risky currencies while making international transactions. This study has also implications for investors by guiding them regarding investment decisions; for Bursa Malaysia Derivatives Berhad in relation to offering new or improve existing derivative products and for Malaysian government to 
formulate risk management strategies at national level.
Bringing surgery to the 21st century: feasibility verification of real-time tissue analysis during surgery

Olfactomics is a Finnish university-based spinoff company developing a novel technology for surgical tissue assessment. The company has a breakthrough innovation on improving breast-conserving lumpectomies where a residual tumour continues to be an issue. Real-time tissue analysis allows the surgeon to remove a whole tumour in one operation and minimise the resection of healthy tissues. The patented technology (TRL 6) allows safer and more cost-effective cancer surgery and is scalable to most soft-tissue surgery. The unique device allows the surgeon to analyse the operated tissue in real-time during cancer surgery leading to optimal tissue removal. 
There is a global economy-justified need for real-time analysis in surgery. The Olfactomics device is fully aligned with current clinical workflow and instrumentation. It can be efficiently implemented to 835 000 breast surgeries every year, and it is scalable to multiple other areas. The commercialisation is targeting to 250 M€ revenue by 2027.
The core team has the enthusiasm and knowledge needed for the commercialisation: team members are specialists in surgery, clinical medicine, medical technology, software, data analysis, financial sector and corporate law and have excellent connections in the international healthcare industry.
The aim of this feasibility study is to analyse the feasibility from different perspectives and detail the business plan for the global commercialisation of the technology. The first commercial product will be a research device launched 2019. The scale-up to medical device and applications on several surgical areas will follow.