SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of response speed of viscous fluids using overdrive voltage

Abstract Fast, identical response speeds over a full operating range are critical for electrowetting-driven devices such as liquid lenses, microswitches, and reflective displays. In this study, electrowetting actuation with overdrive signals is employed to reduce response time. We explore spreading behaviors and response time (i.e., the time required to reach equilibrium radius) of electrowetted droplets under various DC and overdrive electrowetting actuation conditions. When the droplet is actuated by an overdrive electrical signal, response time is reduced to as low as 1/25 of the response time using a DC signal. We present a theoretical model that considers contact angle saturation and predicts spreading dynamics of droplets under DC and overdrive electrowetting actuation to within 5% error. Using only signal control, our proposed method can be used for multiple practical electrowetting-based applications without any modification of the current platform of electrowetting systems.
Pathogenesis of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus

Human coronaviruses (CoVs) mostly cause a common cold that is mild and self-limiting. Zoonotic transmission of CoVs such as the recently identified Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV, on the other hand, may be associated with severe lower respiratory tract infection. This article reviews the clinical and pathological data available on MERS and compares it to SARS. Most importantly, chest radiographs and imaging results of patients with MERS show features that resemble the findings of organizing pneumonia, different from the lesions in SARS patients, which show fibrocellular intra-alveolar organization with a bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia-like pattern. These findings are in line with differences in the induction of cytopathological changes, induction of host gene responses and sensitivity to the antiviral effect of interferons in vitro when comparing both MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. The challenge will be to translate these findings into an integrated picture of MERS pathogenesis in humans and to develop intervention strategies that will eventually allow the effective control of this newly emerging infectious disease. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
State of unrest of active volcanoes through advanced seismic waves analysis - an application to eruption forecast modelling.

Volcanic eruptions have a high social and economic impact on a global scale, and they can be responsible for severe consequences into climate changes and on population’s life, determining severe damages to buildings, crops, telecommunications and air traffics. The security and protection of populations in sites exposed to risk requires the improvement of our ability to forecast volcanic eruptions and the development of better alert protocols, in order to take preventive measures and minimize their effects in both human and economic terms. 
Volcano monitoring is mainly based on the analysis of seismic signals, in order to found precursory events which appear before an eruption. Due to the big amount of seismic data nowadays acquired by the volcanic observatory, in a volcano crisis it became difficult the manual supervised detection and classification carried out by expert technicians. So an automatic volcano-seismic signal processing is crucial to quickly detect and analyse the precursory seismicity and to correctly assess the population risk.
This project is conceived to advance beyond-the-state-of-the-art providing tools for a better and more accurate automatic volcano-seismic signals detection and classification to obtain Early Warning Decision Making algorithms. This is a highly interdisciplinary project, where the Signal Processing, Machine Learning, Big Data, and Knowledge Management are combined with the Volcanic Seismology science. In order to carry out this project, seismic records from some volcanoes (in particular, Etna, Colima, Montserrat volcanoes) are available. 
The proposed strategy includes a new philosophy in database creation and new and innovative signal processing techniques, and will improve our ability to forecast volcanic eruptions. The proposed methodologies are new in the field of volcano-seismology, but researchers involved in the project have already applied them successfully in different contexts.
A novel non-invasive solution for continuous blood pressure monitoring

Blood pressure follow-up is essential in managing hemodynamically unstable patients at Intensive Care Units (ICU). Traditionally, mercury sphygmomanometers have been used for this purpose, and are regarded as the gold standard for Blood Pressure measurement. Despite the relative simplicity of the technique, sphygmomanometers have obvious limitations regarding accuracy and tracking capability, especially crucial for hospital patients. In the most critical patients the invasive arterial line catheter must be used, which however poses serious risks for severe complications. 
Over the past decades, several attempts have been undertaken to develop an effective, accurate and reliable solutions to continuously monitor blood pressure in a non-invasive way. Hitherto, none of the solutions under development have achieved a massive market deployment. Major obstacles for the implementation of state-of-the-art solutions are related to their limited performance, resulting in poor accuracy in hypo/hyper tension episodes, influence of patient movements on the system response, and need for periodic and frequent recalibrations.
ICARIA has developed a solution for blood pressure monitoring (ICA-100) based on a novel operating principle that allows obtaining an accurate diastolic and systolic Blood Pressure read-out. The ICA-100 has already been validated in healthy volunteers (TRL5). The technology is protected by two international patents, granting ICARIA freedom-to-operate.
In the frame of this Phase 1 Project we aim to further develop our marketing strategy and financial plan. Besides, we aim to assess thoroughly the relevant regulatory and legal framework for the Project. After completing this feasibility study, we plan to develop and commercialise a certified device for Continuous Non-Invasive Blood Pressure monitoring. Having a positive impact in 655m hospital patients and a potential favourable effect on 1.3b hypertensive individuals, from which only 1 in 5 is under control.
Water Transporting Line and Watering Device for Watering Potted Plants

The invention relates to a potted plant watering device and a water transporting line (WL) which is used in said watering device, said transporting line comprising a fibrous material (FB) which makes use of capillary action and comprising a watertight casing (HU) which surrounds the fibrous material in a tubular manner. The fibrous material (FB) and the casing (HU) are formed in a flat manner in the shape of a strip, and the tubular casing (HU) walls (W1, W2) which are formed in a flat manner in the shape of a strip, which lie opposite each other, and which enclose the fibrous material (FB) between each other are designed with different flexural rigidities. The different flexural rigidities are preferably achieved by forming a second casing wall (W2) with a constant wall thickness (DW) from a homogenous material and by increasing the flexural rigidity of the first casing wall (W1) by means of a central strip (MS) consisting of a second material with a greater wall thickness and/or a higher Shore hardness.
Theory of the spin Hall effect, and its inverse, in a ferromagnetic metal near the Curie temperature

We give a theory of the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) in ferromagnetic metals based on skew scattering via collective spin fluctuations. This extends Kondo's theory of the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) to include short-range spin-spin correlations. We find a relation between the ISHE and the four-spin correlations near the Curie temperature TC. Such four-spin correlations do not contribute to the AHE, which relates to the three-spin correlations. Thus our theory shows an essential difference between the AHE and ISHE, providing an essential complement to Kondo's classic theory of the AHE in metals. We note the relation to skew-scattering mechanisms based on impurity scattering. Our theory can be compared to recent experimental results byWei et al. [Nat. Commun. 3, 1058 (2012)] for the ISHE in ferromagnetic alloys.
Immune response and social cognition in schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, affecting 0.5-1% of the population, is ranked by the World Health Organisation as more disabling than paraplegia or blindness in 18-34 year olds. Current treatments, developed over 50 years ago, are only partly effective in treating this disability, and new treatments are lacking. To address this treatment impasse, this project aims to develop and test a novel immune based model of deficits in social cognition – the set of mental operations that underlie social interactions (e.g. emotion recognition, theory of mind) and strongly predict social disability in schizophrenia. Based on recent discoveries in schizophrenia genetics, this project asks: (1) are genetic causes of deficits in social cognition mediated by effects on immune function during development and (2) does early social environment moderate these effects? To address these questions, the project has two parts. Part A focuses on neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies of social cognition in patients and healthy adults so as to (1) provide an innovative characterisation of the effects of inflammatory markers (e.g. pro-/anti- inflammatory cytokines) on social cognition, (2) establish whether these markers mediate the effects of recently identified genetic risk loci on schizophrenia, and (3) identify to what extent early social environment (e.g. parental relationships, childhood trauma) moderates this relationship. Part B focuses on behavioural and pharmacological studies in mice to (1) establish the causal effects of early immune challenge and early social environment on social cognition, and (2) test the translational benefits of anti-inflammatory treatment to normalize the resulting deficits. By validating an immune based model of schizophrenia, this project has the potential to move beyond current (dopamine based) treatments, and suggest groundbreaking alternatives for understanding and treating social disability in this and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
Characterising plant interactions with bacteria that promote the uptake of nitrogen and sulphur from organic sources

The plant rhizosphere contains an abundant and diverse array of microbes, and plants interact with this microbial community in diverse ways, from mutualistic to neutral to pathogenic. It is proposed that future agricultural systems should strategically incorporate mutualistic plant-microbe associations, whereby high-performing combinations of plant genotypes and microbial populations are co-cultivated to promote improved nutrient use efficiency and decreased fertiliser application. Currently, there is a poor scientific understanding of the precise biochemical transformations and exchanges that occur in mutualistic associations between plants and microbes, and it is also unclear which specific microbial species are the most effective for supporting plant growth and nutrition. There is evidence that plant genotypes exhibit differing capacities to shape their rhizospheric microbiome , but our poor mechanistic understanding of this phenomenon prevents breeding strategies to select crop varieties that will host favourable microbial interactions. Therefore, this project proposes to address these gaps in scientific knowledge, by undertaking co-cultivation experiments that investigate which specific bacterial species are most effective for enhancing plant uptake of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) from organic sources, as well as which specific Arabidopsis accessions are the most receptive hosts for these interactions. Next, isotope labelling and metabolic flux studies will be undertaken in the best and worst performing plant-microbe combinations, to define the specific biochemical routes of N & S transfer that are favourable for plant nutrition. Also, genetic investigations will be undertaken to find the key genes responsible for favourable plant-microbe interactions. This project combines the complementary expertise of its participants to deliver high-quality training to the researcher, which will enhance his professional maturity in this strategically important field.
Aumento de la innovación de Krozmet s.c. mediante la aplicación de las recomendaciones contenidas en la Estrategia de Diseño

El proyecto consistirá en emprender y llevar a cabo acciones para implementar la estrategia de diseño desarrollada como parte de la fase 1 del concurso Diseño para la Competencia. Estas acciones son: 1. Selección y diseño de productos: prototipos, pruebas, selección de productos para la producción final: — maquinaria agrícola, incluido el diseño de un carro de pacas (nuevo dispositivo en la empresa) y rediseño de otras máquinas agrícolas (8 piezas en total): Szuflo-krocodyl, Szuflo-krocodyl 2.0 Hard, Crocodile, Bale forks, Bale Gripper, Grain Drawer, Self-loading Bale Wrapper, Cereal Vipper/Worm Conveyor — equipamiento de rediseño para transporte tecnológico — diseño e implementación de ergonomía del trabajo, es decir, despliegue de maquinaria y equipos en edificios, — diseño de servicios, incluyendo pruebas de servicios de garantía y servicio postventa para un cliente de la industria agrícola. 2. Diseño de imagen externa e interna, incluyendo: logotipo, CI, comunicación en línea, materiales de la empresa, señalización exterior e intracorporativa, marketing y materiales pro-venta: carpeta del producto, folleto, sistema de exposición, instrucciones tanto en papel como en formato en línea. 3. Diseñar espacios dentro y alrededor de los edificios de la empresa, en consonancia con el sistema de etiquetado desarrollado. 4. Diseño de una estrategia de marketing, actividades promocionales en el mercado polaco y en mercados extranjeros durante 3 años para Krozmet s.c. — (años 2021-2023). 5. Compra de maquinaria (16 máquinas y equipos diferentes, en total 23pcs).
La España despoblada y la vulneración de los derechos ocupacionales

RESUMENEl propósito de este artículo es mostrar los efectos de la despoblación con relación a la vulneración de los derechos ocupacionales de las personas que habitan zonas rurales alejadas de los grandes núcleos urbanos. Se parte de una descripción de las desigualdades ocasionadas por el abandono del medio rural en la Unión Europea y se incide en el análisis del contexto español con el envejecimiento como factor sobresaliente. Posteriormente, se realiza una valoración de la influencia que tiene el territorio rural en las ocupaciones y se analiza la vulneración de los derechos ocupacionales. Finalmente, se muestran diferentes iniciativas a nivel macro y micro para afrontar algunas de las injusticias ocupacionales que se dan en el medio rural y favorecer la igualdad en el desarrollo de los derechos ocupacionales desde la ciencia ocupacional.For the English translation: Depopulation in Spain and violation of occupational rights see https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2021.1896331
Innovative cladding materials for advanced accident-tolerant energy systems

The Fukushima Daiichi event has demonstrated the need for improved nuclear energy safety, which can be ensured by the development of accident-tolerant fuels (ATFs). ATFs are expected to overcome the inherent technical shortcomings of the standard zircaloy/UO2 fuels, thus relieving the industry from the huge financial penalty associated with beyond-design-basis accidents leading to fuel cladding material failure and release of radioactive fission products to the power plant containment and the environment. The main objective of IL TROVATORE is to identify the best candidate ATF cladding materials for use in Gen-II and Gen-III/III+ LWRs and to validate them in an industrially-relevant environment, i.e., under neutron irradiation in PWR-like water. Ideally, fuel cladding materials must demonstrate leak tightness and containment of fuel pellets and fission products during the fuel residence in the reactor, even under transient/accidental operation conditions. The innovative ATF cladding material concepts proposed in IL TROVATORE are expected to demonstrate significant improvement in performance when compared to the current fuel cladding materials, thus helping to take a critical step towards an improved energy safety worldwide, in response to the requirements of the amended Nuclear Safety Directive. The development of ATF clads will eliminate redundant safety systems, improving the market profile of current reactor designs, and the overall envisaged innovation will strengthen the competitiveness of European industries in both nuclear and non-nuclear sectors. To achieve its ambitious objectives, IL TROVATORE relies on academic excellence and industrial support, while also involving standardization bodies and nuclear safety regulatory authorities to accelerate the transfer of key innovation to market. Since IL TROVATORE is put forth to address a pressing global challenge, it is presented as an international collaboration between Europe, the USA and Japan.
Ferroelectric resistors as emerging materials for innovative neuromorphic devices

Neuromorphic computing such as deep-learning algorithms arise as a promising solution to treat the exploding amount of data generated worldwide, but at the cost of expensive time and energy budget on conventional hardware. There is an urgent need for a low-power, compact neuromorphic chip that can support bio-inspired computing: a network of cells collocating storage (non-volatility) and computing (synaptic plasticity).   This work proposes to achieve such cell using a ferroelectric resistor, down-scaled to nanometer thickness to allow direct electron tunneling through the ferroelectric barrier (ferroelectric tunnel junction): the learning functionality (i.e. synaptic plasticity) will be implemented through the control of the distribution of the (non-volatile) ferroelectric domains.  The fellow will bring her expertise in ferroelectric tunnel junctions and will combine it with IBM’s expertise in device and circuits integration and characterization, making use of the state-of-the-art equipment offered by their research center. In order to accelerate the creation of an end-to-end neuromorphic device, she will lead a collaboration with ETH Zurich and will benefit from their expertise in predictive physics-based modeling.  The research project will aim at: (i) the demonstration of a non-volatile and plastic ferroelectric “synapse” made of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 – a fully CMOS-compatible material, (ii) the development of models of individual cells and of a neural network and (iii) providing design guidelines for neuromorphic hardware based on this technology. The outcome will be to evaluate performances not only of individual synapses but of a neural network as a whole.  Through the Action, the fellow will not only aim at creating a novel technology; but also at leading an interdisciplinary research project uniting complementary actors for an innovative solution to a society challenge.
VALLPASS.: Active and intelligent surveillance with Lora support for treadmills

The VallPass project aims to develop an integrated technological solution to increase road traffic safety through a set of technological features and innovations.
Do we need a perfect ground-truth for benchmarking Internet traffic classifiers?

The classification of Internet traffic using supervised or semi-supervised statistical learning techniques, both for anomaly detection and identification of Internet applications, has been impaired by difficulties in obtaining a reliable ground-truth, required both to train the classifier and to evaluate its performance. A perfect ground-truth is increasingly difficult, or sometimes impossible, to obtain due to the growing percentage of cyphered traffic, the sophistication of network attacks, and the constant updates of Internet applications. In this paper, we study the impact of the ground-truth on training the classifier and estimating its performance measures. We show both theoretically and through simulation that ground-truth imperfections can severely bias the performance estimates. We then propose a latent class model that overcomes this problem by combining estimates of several classifiers over the same dataset. The model is evaluated using a high-quality dataset that includes the most representative Internet applications and network attacks. The results show that our latent class model produces very good performance estimates under mild levels of ground-truth imperfection, and can thus be used to correctly benchmark Internet traffic classifiers when only an imperfect ground-truth is available.
Past, present and future environmental, biological and social  transitions in coastal ecosystems

Regime shifts are common phenomena in ecological systems. These abrupt changes can be induced by sometimes only slight fluctuations or small perturbations. Current understanding of the mechanisms that produce critical transitions in real-world systems is insufficient. Despite transitions have an anthropogenic origin in most cases, the occurrence of such shifts can have pervasive societal implications, typically due to the impairment of a functionally complex ecosystem state, which delivered a number of ecosystem services, into another degraded state, which tends to provide much less services. Thus, our lack of understanding of so-called early warning signals (EWS) of impending change, can severely impact our capacity to adopt management actions in a timely manner. 
The main limitation when searching for EWS in ecological data is the short-term duration of most studies. FOREPAST takes an interdisciplinary approach to address this issue, and aims at 1) using the paleoecological record to find EWS, which, 2) then will be validated in contemporary ecosystems by means of a manipulative experiment along a gradient of stress. Given that human development is behind most ecosystem transitions, FOREPAST aims at 3) conveying the results of the natural sciences’ WPs with stakeholders in the area of study, to understand their perceived loss/gain when ecological transitions occur, and the trade-offs the society is willing to make to prevent (or not) these scenarios. The focal ecosystems of this action are the Mediterranean wetlands of the Ebre Delta, which are included in the Natura 2000 Network, for being Habitats of community interest and sites of international importance for Birds. Thus, the results arising from this project will provide relevant information for the application of EU directives, specially related to climate change adaptation and coastal resilience, as well as a great leap for the applicant’s career, with valuable training and high-level publications expected.