SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Fellowships and scholarships at NICE

NICE is committed to offering opportunities for frontline health professionals to engage in the development of its guidance and share ex-amples of best practice; this is so that we can help those working for the NHS deliver the highest possible quality of care that is evidence-based and cost-effective.

NICE already relies on surgeons and other clinicians to join the various committees that develop guidance on NICE's behalf, so that they can input specialist expertise. More locally, clinicians can also submit success stories of how they have put NICE guidance into practice to our shared learning database. By working closely with health professionals, NICE can learn from them and publish guidance that reflects best clinical practice and so be of the greatest benefit to patients.

NICE recognises that motivated and influential clinicians across the NHS deliver high-quality healthcare day to day within their local communities. For the last two years NICE has awarded fellowships and scholarships to a select number of these exceptional health and social care professionals who are actively involved in improving the quality of care locally or nationally within their profession by supporting the principles that underpin NICE's work.

The fellowships and scholarships are marks of professional distinction as they recognise achievement and promise. The positions carry great importance as the fellows and scholars are ambassadors for NICE, each using their experience and networks to advise their profes-sional peers and support the implementation of NICE's guidance and quality standards, where appropriate. They also promote the wider benefits of high-quality research and evidence-based care.

NICE seeks to support the continuing professional development of those recruited into the programme; such as through one-to-one mentoring, structured workshops and opportunities to network with likeminded colleagues and share examples of good practice. NICE is currently recruiting for its third intake of fellows and scholars and is interested in receiving applications from surgeons.
Dynamic Sustainabilities: Technology, Environment, Social Justice

Linking environmental sustainability with poverty reduction and social justice, and making science and technology work for the poor, have become central practical, political and moral challenges of our times. These must be met in a world of rapid, interconnected change in environments, societies and economies, and globalised, fragmented governance arrangements. Yet despite growing international attention and investment, policy attempts often fail. Why is this, and what can be done about it? How might we understand and address emergent threats from epidemic disease, or the challenges of water scarcity in dryland India? In the context of climate change, how might seed systems help African farmers meet their needs, and how might appropriate energy strategies be developed? 

This book lays out a new 'pathways approach' to address sustainability challenges such as these in today's dynamic world. Through an appreciation of dynamics, complexity, uncertainty, differing narratives and the values-based aims of sustainability, the pathways approach allows us to see how some approaches are dominant, even though they do not produce the desired results, and how to create successful alternative 'pathways' of responding to the challenges we face. 

As well as offering new ways of thinking about sustainability, the book also suggests a series of practical ways forward - in tools and methods, forms of political engagement, and styles of knowledge-making and communication. Throughout the book, the practicalities of the pathways approach are illustrated using four case studies: water in dryland India, agricultural seeds in Africa, responses to epidemic disease and energy systems/climate change.

Published in association with the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)
The power of r – pharmaceutical sales decomposition in Cyprus public healthcare sector and determinants of drug expenditure evolution: any lessons learned?

The pharmaceutical sector has been established as the primary cost driver in health. The scope of this paper is to explore the drivers of pharmaceutical expenditure in Cyprus by decomposing sales and assessing impact of prices, volumes and substitution effect. We used a statistical approach to decompose the growth of public pharmaceutical expenditure during 2005-2011 into three elements: 1) substitution effect; 2) price effect; and 3) increase of consumption. We further decomposed consumption into: 1) prescription/visits; 2) visits/beneficiaries; and 3) beneficiaries. Pharmaceutical expenditure grew by 31.4 % and volume of medicines dispensed increased by 55%. Prices declined by 11% and product-mix residual was -5.5%, indicating that Cyprus experienced a switch to cheaper medicines (generics) without compromising access of patients to innovative medicines. This was enhanced by guidelines, monitoring of prescribing behavior, generic substitution and efficient tendering. The increasing number of products per prescriptions should be monitored with caution.
Morphing aircraft based on smart materials and structures: A state-of-the-art review

A traditional aircraft is optimized for only one or two flight conditions, not for the entire flight envelope. In contrast, the wings of a bird can be reshaped to provide optimal performance at all flight conditions. Any change in an aircraft’s configuration, in particular the wings, affects the aerodynamic performance, and optimal configurations can be obtained for each flight condition. Morphing technologies offer aerodynamic benefits for an aircraft over a wide range of flight conditions. The advantages of a morphing aircraft are based on an assumption that the additional weight of the morphing components is acceptable. Traditional mechanical and hydraulic systems are not considered good choices for morphing aircraft. “Smart” materials and structures have the advantages of high energy density, ease of control, variable stiffness, and the ability to tolerate large amounts of strain. These characteristics offer researchers and designers new possibilities for designing morphing aircraft. In this article, recent developments in the application of smart materials and structures to morphing aircraft are reviewed. Specifically, four categories of applications are discussed: actuators, sensors, controllers, and structures.
Local perceptions of and responses to climate change: experiences from the natural resource-dependent communities in India

India is considerably vulnerable in the events of climate change impacts. Vulnerability and adaptive capacity among the population varies quite a lot in a country like India. This paper investigated local communities’ perceptions of and responses to the impacts of climate change on their livelihoods. The study employed village-level participatory qualitative research methods in three geo-cultural zones of the Indian states of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha. It revealed that the local communities in those places had already visualized the impacts of climate change on their livelihoods and surrounding natural resources. Their observations corresponded to the broader scientific projections of the impacts of climate change in India. The study found that the local communities had started to adapt with the changing climate by altering their livelihoods and cultural practices. The study recommends urgent need of identifying the vulnerable communities in India and assessing their vulnerability from different perspectives that climate change might expose in the future. It also recommends implementing the present pro-poor policies of the government in an effective way to improve the socio-economic conditions of the poor and vulnerable communities in the country.
In response to “Discharge against medical advice: How often do we intervene?”

We believe medications can safely be prescribed tomost patients who leave against medical advice(AMA), and that follow-up should be offered to mostif not all such patients. Why should we do this? Con-sider a wheezing asthma patient who leaves AMA.She or he is probably more likely to return to theemergency department (somewhere) or be readmitted(somewhere) and cost more money (to the system)than if given an inhaler and steroid taper.Dr. Querques et al. suggest that doctors shouldpotentially not prescribe and should not offer follow-upto certain patients who want to leave AMA, particu-larly those who show disinterest in heeding the doctor’sadvice and have already demonstrated a lack of adher-ence. How should doctors make those judgments?Patients leave AMA for a variety of reasons: for exam-ple to avoid cost, because they feel better, or poor com-munication. Certainly, not all patients who want toleave AMA are categorically nonadherent. Conversely,up to 50% of all continuity patients are not fully adher-ent to the lifestyle changes and medications their physi-cians prescribe,
Learning from Experience and Performing Learned Actions are Easy; Problem Solving and Calculation are Hard

This chapter compares several additional functions of the brain to show which functions it is good and bad at, and to see how to design computer. It also explains problem solving and calculation are hard; reptiles, amphibians, and most birds get along in their world quite well with just an old brain and a midbrain. Insects, spiders, and mollusks survive in their environments with even less. Animals without a cortex (or its equivalent, as in a few birds) can learn from experience, but it usually takes a lot of experience and they can only learn minor adjustments to their behavior. Most of their behavior is stereotyped, repetitive, and predictable once one understands the demands of their environment. Implications for user interface design and performing learned actions are explained.
PAPER SIZE DISPERSIONS

Aqueous paper size dispersions comprising: a) at least one paper sizing compound, and b) a water-soluble dispersant containing at least two hydrophilic groups and at least one hydrophobic group. Gemini surfactants having at least two hydrophobic groups and at least two hydrophilic groups are preferred. The dispersions are used for internal or surface sizing.
4Fold reduction of the international transport of empty containers by folding

Due to the global imbalance of import/export ca. €25 billion a year is spent on repositioning empty containers and unnecessary emissions of CO2, NOx and PM are generated. The technical solution proposed by HCI is the 4FOLD foldable container. This concept is IP protected by HCI by 8 patents. This proposal fits within the topic Small business innovation research for Transport-IT-1-2015 of the work programme Smart Green & Integrated Transport. 
4 folded 4FOLD containers stacked have the same dimensions as 1 container, enabling the reduction of transport movements up to 75%. An increase of the shipping lines’ profit margin of 600% is possible, corresponding to savings up to 25% on the operational costs and 27% on the total CO2 emissions of container transport at sea. 
A reduction of 25% on operational costs can be achieved, giving an huge economic boost to the EU logistics sector and the total EU economy. The 4FOLD strengthens the EU transport sector by making container transport more time and cost efficient, creating new jobs and tackling the mentioned environmental and mobility defies. 
The 4FOLD prototype is at TRL7 and will be demonstrated in an operational environment in 5 international trial projects. The overall goal of the Phase2 project is to catalyse the market uptake of the 4FOLD container. A large scale demonstration is necessary to convince the conservative logistics sector of the added value and usability of the 4FOLD and opens the market for this innovation. For Phase2 HCI has involved key players to execute the demonstration project and develop the market implementation: market leaders in container manufacturing and global transport companies. HCI is frontrunner in the development of foldable containers and aims to expand its market leadership to the sales of 500,000 4FOLDs annually by 2030. This represents >27% of the complete newly built 40ft containers in 2013. The long term ambition of HCI is complete replacement of the conventional 40ft container.
Raman Spectroscopy of Solids

Raman spectroscopy is based on the inelastic scattering of light by matter and is capable of probing the structure of gases, liquids, and solids, both amorphous and crystalline. In addition to its applicability to most forms of matter, Raman spectroscopy has a number of other advantages. It can be used to analyze tiny quantities of material (e.g., particles that are ≤1 μm3 in dimension), as well as samples exposed to a variety of conditions such as high temperature and high pressure, and samples embedded in other phases, so long as the surrounding media are optically transparent. Succinctly stated, Raman scattering results from incident radiation inducing transitions in the atoms/molecules that make up the scattering medium. The transition can be rotational, vibrational, electronic, or a combination thereof. In most studies of solids by Raman spectroscopy, the transitions observed are vibrational and these will be the focus of this article
Water elimination method

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently eliminating water from a composition containing an acrylic acid derivative and water. This problem is solved by a method for eliminating water from a composition A containing: (A) an acrylic acid derivative represented by Formula (I): whereinR 1 and R 2 are identical or different, and each represents alkyl, fluoroalkyl, aryl that may have one or more substituents, halogen, or hydrogen,R 3 represents alkyl, fluoroalkyl, aryl that may have one or more substituents, or hydrogen, andX represents alkyl, fluoroalkyl, halogen, or hydrogen; and(B) water,the method comprisingstep A of bringing the composition A into contact with a zeolite.
AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT FOR IMPROVED SOUND

An amplifier circuit is disclosed suitable for feeding a loudspeaker system having plural drivers. The amplifier circuit has an output stage and plural output connectors such that there is an output connector for each driver, wherein the output stage is connected separately to each output connector for independent connection to each driver. A method of feeding a loudspeaker system having plural drivers with an amplifier circuit having an output stage is also disclosed.
Increasing competitiveness and development of the innovation potential of THERMO Marcin Janus through the implementation of investment activities, which will result in the introduction of new products and services on the market thanks to the implementation of R & D works and technological modernisation of the company’s infrastructure.

The aim of the project is to increase the competitiveness and innovation potential of THERMO Marcin Janus through the implementation of investment activities, which will result in the introduction of new products and services to the market and a significant improvement of existing products and services through implementation of the results of their R & D work and technological modernisation of the company’s infrastructure. The project involves the implementation of product and process innovation. The implementation of the investment will result in a sustainable development of the company, increase the scale of the company’s activity and significantly increase the scope of the offer and increase employment. The main objective will be achieved by pursuing the specific objectives of: placing new products on the market (product innovation); significant improvements to existing products and services and technological modernisation of the company’s infrastructure; streamlining and modernising the production and distribution of new and existing products (processing innovation); modernisation of the company’s production and service infrastructure and its adaptation and modernisation; a significant increase in the company’s revenues; strengthening market position and strengthening economic and financial stability; expansion in the domestic market and acquisition of new outlets. Investment scope: purchase of machines, appliances, equipment, apparatus and accessories of technology and manufacturing and service process; purchase of IT and software equipment, equipment and accessories; purchase of a special vehicle – a specialised workshop vehicle for technical emergency services; implementation of infrastructure adaptation and adaptation work; purchase of machinery and equipment in the production technology process; promotion and information. The project envisages implementation of the results of its own research and development. The project includes cooperation with the science sector (Department of Production Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology).
Teaching Reform of Microcomputer Principle and Interface Technology

With the rapid development of computers and aggravation of competitiveness in employment, the course content system of Microcomputer Principle and Interface Technology with 8086/8088 CPU as the core is questioned by more and more people. Based on this, the course reform of Microcomputer Principle and Interface Technology was proposed. Recombining and optimizing the contents of "Microcomputer Principle" and "Single-chip Microcomputer”. Constructing the course system with Micro Controller Unit (MCU) and embedded as the main contents. The ways of teaching reform was discussed and task-driven method, learning by doing teaching method and Proteus simulation software were applied in teaching effectively. The practice proves that the teaching reform obtains a better teaching effect, arouses students' learning initiative and improves the students' project practice ability, comprehensive application ability and innovation consciousness.
An Investigation of the Relationshipbetween Capital Market Developmentand Economic Growth :the Case of Saudi Arabia

This thesis investigates the long-term and short-term relationships between capital market
development and economic growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) for the period
from 1970 to 2010. It employs a wide range of vector autoregression (VAR) and Vector Error
Correction (VECM) models, Unit roots tests, optimal lag tests, Johansen-Juselius
cointegration tests and Granger causality testes to evaluate the importance and impact of
capital market development on economic growth. Using real GDP growth rate (RGDPR) and real non-oil GDP growth rate (RNOIL) as
proxies for economic growth and LM1, LM2 and bank credit to private sector (LBCP) as
proxies for the capital market development. The vector-autoregression models (VAR)
indicates significant long-term causal relationship among all the variables in the system.
Granger causality tests show a bidirectional causal relationship between the economic growth
variable RGDPR and the capital market when proxied by the bank credit to private sector
(LBCP). However, Error-correction models results show no relationships in the short-run.
The thesis implications are as follows. Firstly, investment in real economic activities leads to
economic growth. Secondly, the stock market might hinder economic growth due to its
volatile and international risk sharing nature, low free-floating share ratio, number of listed
companies, the domination of Saudi Individual Stock Trades (SIST) characteristics and the
small size of the least active and limited bond and ETF markets. Thirdly, policymakers
should seek to minimise stock market volatility and fluctuations, increase all the free-floating
share ratio, number of listed companies, size and offering in the bond and ETF markets and
shift investment domination toward corporate investors by considering its effect on economic
growth when formulating economic policies. Fourthly, the banking sector might hinder
economic growth due to its lack of small and medium enterprises lending and shareholder
concentration issues. Finally, policymakers should seek to encourage banks toward more
involvement in small and medium enterprises SMEs’ lending, which will strengthen the
private sector role.
Underground storage tanks risk mitigation system for petrol fuel stations

MoniTank offers a commercial continuous advanced structural health monitoring system (SHM) for underground storage tanks (USTs) based on acoustic emission and guided wave technology, risk based inspection techniques, IoT and advance signal processing and data acquisition system. The product will be able to identify structural integrity faults with 99% accuracy of detecting structural problems in USTs before they lead to rupture or failure. Consortium including INT NDT, IRIS, TWI, BIC and Flotek will avail the business opportunity provided by market of 132k potential customers (filling stations in EU) and foreseen maintenance services investments in storage systems, resulting in growing NDT and maintenance needs and lack of robust autonomous continous SHM systems for USTs in oil and gas production and distribution industries market at present by offering MoniTank product. Limitations of current monitoring systems performance, their non compliance with legislation/standards requirement of detection accuracy and reliance on experienced workforce for inspection and maintenance create a differentiation strategic advantage for successful market replication of MoniTank.
Our product will be able to provide continuous monitoring and will use intelligent algorithms to predict potential structural failure. The technologies integrated and finalised during this project will consist of: sensors; processing capabilities (MCU processor hardware); AE sensors, transmission data; batteries; and data wireless transmission and cloud computing, therefore presenting the target customers with a system for risk based inspection criterion for USTs. Our vision is to grow our business by €24million in gross sales with a return on investment of about 15:1 in 5 years post project commercialisation. With business growth, we will create 112 new jobs. It is our strong belief that the Fast Track to Innovation Pilot is the ideal financial instrument for us to accelerate commercialization of MoniTank.
ADAM SMITH’S ESSENTIALS: ON TRUST, FAITH, AND FREE MARKETS

When trust is shaken, individuals pull back and the market system contracts. Where trust grows, individual energy and creativity are unleashed and the system grows. In Adam Smith’s vision of humankind’s progress, trust is the central theme. The Great Recession represents a classic case of a crisis of trust. Looking back to the work of Smith offers insight into the role of citizens and the State in creating an fruitful market environment based on trust, and the challenge of this process, given the human frailty of individuals (unfortunately, we are not angels) and the potential for State power to be captured and abused.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR GENERATING DATA VISUALIZATION APPLICATIONS

A system provides a high-level visual programming language input through a GUI. User inputs specify a data source, a workflow, processing logic, and a data store. Multiple instances of these primitives may be combined to generate multi-dimensional domain applications. The workflow and processing logic may be specified in a graphical user interface wherein nodes representing workflow actions or processing functions are picked from a palette and placed on a diagram. Interconnections between nodes are received in the interface and represent data flows or dependencies between nodes. The high-level visual programming inputs are the translated into low-level database commands and executed within an execution framework.