SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Leveraging big data to manage transport operations

Big data has opened a wide spectrum of opportunities in the field of transport research. Observing the recent emergent interest in the application of big data within transport, as well as the extended scope of its applications, it is evident that most of the challenges have yet to be addressed.

Leveraging Big Data to Manage Transport Operations (LeMO) project will explore the implications of the utilisation of big data to enhance the economic sustainability and competitiveness of European transport sector. The project will study and analyse big data in the European transport domain in particular with respect to five transport dimensions: mode, sector, technology, policy and evaluation. LeMO will accomplish this by conducting a series of case studies, in order to provide recommendations on the prerequisites of effective big data implementation in the transport field.

Through case studies, LeMO will investigate methodological, technological, governmental and institutional issues, which in turn contribute to evidence-based decision making. LeMO will supplement these case studies with a horizontal analysis that identifies the barriers and limitations of the transportation system to exploit big data opportunities. In collaboration with strong advisory and reference group, and expert stakeholders, LeMO will devise and develop research and policy roadmap that will provide incremental steps necessary towards data openness and sharing to make transport safer, more efficient and more sustainable. Notably, LeMO will bring crucial issues linked to privacy, data security and legal aspects to the forefront, paving the way for future legal framework for the collection and exploitation of big data in transport.

Furthermore, LeMO will disseminate project findings to a large population of stakeholders, including transport authorities and industries leading to better understanding of travellers' and consumers' behaviour, targeted information and identify policy interventions.
USE OF POLYMERS AS ADDITIVES IN A POLYMER MATRIX

The present invention relates to the use of polymers of the following formula (I): in which: A1i is a divalent alkylene radical comprising from 2 to 20 carbon atoms; A2i is a divalent alkylene radical comprising from 2 to 20 carbon atoms; X1i is chosen from the group consisting of: -S-, -CH2- and a bond; Y is H, a phenyl group or an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; i is an integer ranging from 1 to n; n is an integer between 2 and 1000; on the condition that the total number of carbon atoms of the radicals A2i, X1i and A1i is greater than or equal to 8, as additives in a polymer matrix chosen from the group consisting of polyester, poly(vinyl chloride), polyurethane, polyamide, poly(alkyl acrylate), poly(alkyl methacrylate), polystyrene and polyolefin matrices, said polymer of formula (I) being different from poly(ricinoleic acid).
FORMING A TUBULAR KNIT FABRIC FOR A PAINT ROLLER COVER

A method and apparatus are provided for forming a tubular-shaped knitted covering for a paint roller, or the like, having a pile extending from an outer surface of the covering, through use of a dial needle knitting arrangement. A cylinder needle knitting arrangement may be utilized in conjunction with the dial needle knitting arrangement for forming a tubular-shaped knitted covering for a paint roller having a pile formed from a combination of sliver and yarn fibers in successive courses of the tubular-shaped knitted covering.
The prevalence of co-morbidities in patients on HAART referred for physiotherapy in three public hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a short report

Introduction: The roll-out of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) to patients infected with the Human Immuno-deficient Virus (HIV) is presenting with co-morbidities as a result of the side effects of the drugs or the prolonged lifespan of the HIV positive individual. This poses a challenge to physiotherapists for rehabilitation which has changed from prophylaxis and management of opportunistic infections to managing the co-morbidities. The aim of this preliminary study was to determine the number of patients on HAART with co-morbidities admitted to three public hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal and referred for physiotherapy.Method: This descriptive epidemiological study used a cross-sectional design to determine the prevalence of co-morbidities associated with HAART. Baseline data of patients and their demographics, AIDS status and clinical co-morbidities were recorded. The sample consisted of 78 patients with an average CD4 count of 338 cells/mm³ and a viral load of 133 copies/mL. Patients were categorised according to their HIV stages: 13 (17%) asymptomatic, 44 (56%) ‘AIDS-related complex’ and 21 (27%) had full blown AIDS.Results: Patients referred for physiotherapy presented with peripheral neuropathy 36 (46%), pulmonary tuberculosis 29 (37%), musculo-skeletal pain 17(22%), myopathies 9 (12%), pneumonia 8 (10%), enthesopathies 4 (5%), cerebral vascular accidents 2 (3%) and abdominal pain 1(1%). Conclusion: To rehabilitate the HIV infected individual successfully physiotherapists should note the side effects and co-morbidities associated with HAART.
Investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying nematode recognition by the ma resistance protein in perennial plum roots

Plant-parasitic nematodes are major root pathogens that affect drastically plant development and growth. Predominant species, such as the root-knot nematodes (RKNs) Meloidogyne spp., represent a global threat for annual and perennial crops causing huge crop losses worldwide. In Europe, RKNs were mainly controlled by toxic pesticides that are getting banned. One of the most promising alternative to pesticides is to rely on biological control and on the plant innate immunity for disease resistance in crops. The plant immune system is a multi-layered network that enables the detection of pathogens using different classes of receptors. The presence/absence of such receptor can determine whether or not the plant will be resistant/susceptible to a particular disease. At INRA Sophia Agrobiotech Institute (ISA), an immune receptor gene Ma, from the toll/interleukin-1 receptor, nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (TIR-NB-LRR or TNL) family, has been cloned from the plum tree Prunus cerasifera where it provides a broad resistance against numerous RKN species. A unique feature of Ma resides in five repeated exons encoding a large C-terminal extention. Interestingly, each of those exons carries a recently characterized post-LRR (PL) domain which is found in a single copy in many other TNLs from different plant species. The PL domain’s function remains unknown but its conservation suggests an important role in TNLs. The peculiar architecture of Ma provides a great opportunity to decipher the involvement of the PL domain in TNL–mediated immunity. Combining complementary approaches, the proposed IMMUNE project aims to describe how Ma triggers immunity in response to RKNs in plant roots and how the PL domain participates in the recognition and signalling. This project, undertaken by Dr Simon Saucet at ISA, will provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of plant immunity and contribute to the development of methods to control RKNs infection in crops.
Agroecología para la seguridad alimentaria y frente al cambio climático en Perú

Este estudio evalúa la contribución de la agroecología a la seguridad alimentaria y contra el cambio climático en la agricultura familiar en la cuenca Mariño (Perú). Utilizamos como marco analítico los tres principios de la Agricultura Climáticamente Inteligente (CSA). Realizamos encuestasy mediciones en campo, evaluando tres principios, 10 criterios y 12 indicadores. Encontramos que la aplicación de prácticas agroecológicas mejora la autosuficiencia alimentaria e ingresos familiares; asimismo, reduce los antagonismos o incrementa sinergias entre productividad y adaptación o mitigación. Ello sugiere que la agroecología puede ayudar a alcanzar simultáneamente los objetivos (amenudo conflictivos) de la CSA.
Advances in magnetic force microscopy

The cornerstone of this thesis is the use of magnetic force microscopy to extract added information from ferromagnetic samples. An extensive variety of materials has been studied and is reported throughout the manuscript. It is divided in five chapters, each of which is devoted to a different subject. Magnetization reversal processes are studied in samples governed by shape or magneto-crystalline anisotropy. Examples of eventual artifacts in MFM images are given, caused by whether electrostatic effects or rotation of spins in the tip, and a solution is given to avoid misinterpretation of data. A fast, accessible and low cost way of fabricating MFM tips with a remarkable performance is also presented and practical applications are shown. In addition, the most innovative part of this thesis focuses on the study of the energy dissipated by spins in the MFM tip to extract information from the magnetic properties of the sample.
APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR COMPRESSING MATERIAL DURING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

Additive manufacturing system, which may include a nozzle (51) having an inlet for receiving a flowable material (53) and an outlet for depositing the flowable material (53). An applicator head (43) may surround at least a portion of a proximal region of the nozzle (51). The applicator head (43) may include a housing (46), a cooling inlet for receiving a coolant into the housing (46), a cooling outlet configured to allow the coolant to exit the housing (46), and an air inlet. A roller (59) may be mounted on the applicator head (43) to one side of the outlet of the nozzle (51). The roller (59) may include an air outlet, wherein a flow path connects the air inlet and the air outlet so that air enters the air inlet and exits the air outlet. The roller (59) may also include a plurality of holes (70) located on an external surface of the roller (59).
Evolution and variability of climate sensitivity and polar amplification during cenozoic warm climates spanc

Forecasting the magnitude of future global warming is among the great scientific challenges. Model estimates of long-term warming resulting from a doubling of the CO2 concentration relative to the pre-industrial era range between 1.5 and 4.5 °C. The large uncertainty in this Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (ECS) may represent the difference between the melting or conservation of large continental ice sheets, and between habitable and inhabitable regions. SPANC will quantify ECS through accurate reconstructions of past climate change. Existing ECS studies largely focus on periods that were colder than present. Importantly, however, my development of a reliable method to reconstruct past CO2 concentrations now allows for estimates of past warm climates that can serve as analogs for the future. 
First, I will calibrate the new CO2 proxy for high CO2 levels. Uniquely, my new approach allows CO2 and temperature reconstructions to be based on the same samples, implying optimal time control. This provides the outstanding opportunity to generate high-quality coupled CO2 and temperature reconstructions for the ice-free early Eocene and the warm but glaciated middle Miocene at unprecedented resolution. This allows ECS to be calculated based on long and short-term variability in CO2 and temperature. The combination of ice-free and glaciated periods will also determine the extent to which the presence of ice governs climate response to CO2. Study locations will be carefully selected across pole-equator transects. This allows for quantification of the amplification of temperature changes towards polar regions, crucial for ice sheet extent and volume and hence global sea levels.
SPANC will provide a breakthrough regarding the ECS of warm climates. It will provide crucial new constraints on the ability of climate models to correctly simulate warm climates and climate variability forced by changes in CO2 concentrations, which is vital for reliable future climate projections.
Probing ultrafast stereochemical dynamics by femtosecond electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy

Since the structure of a (bio)-molecule is crucially linked to its biochemical functions, following its evolution in the course of a chemical reaction or biological process would allow one to gain fundamental insights into the reaction mechanisms and pathways. This calls for optical spectroscopy techniques capable of recording structural dynamics with high time resolution, down to the femtosecond regime. Circular dichroism (CD), i.e. the difference in absorption of left- and right-handed circularly polarised light, is a sensitive probe of the structure of chiral molecules. CHIRALSCOPY aims to develop an innovative time-resolved CD spectrometer which combines the structural sensitivity of steady-state CD spectroscopy with the high time resolution of ultrafast nonlinear optical spectroscopy. CHIRALSCOPY will adopt an innovative approach which directly measures in the time domain the chiral light field from a molecule by combining interferometric detection with optical heterodyne amplification. The state-of-the-art time-resolved CD instrument will be used to elucidate structural dynamics during a prototypical biochemical reaction. CHIRALSCOPY will equip the Experienced Researcher with new knowledge and skills in advanced optical technologies and biophysics, thus broadening his scientific background and enhancing his prospects as an independent researcher. At the same time, the Action and the Host Institution will benefit from the advanced knowledge in ultrafast spectroscopy acquired by Researcher during his PhD thesis. CHIRALSCOPY promises to open new vistas in the field of ultrafast optical spectroscopy enabling one to interrogate molecular dynamics with femtosecond temporal resolution and exquisite structural sensitivity−thus realising the chemist’s dream of a capturing a ‘molecular-motion-picture’ of a chemical reaction.
Lunar Helium-3 Fuel for Nuclear Fusion

Nuclear fusion of helium-3 ( 3 He) can be used to generate electrical power with little or no radioactive waste and no carbon emissions. Some forty-four tons of this fuel could meet the electricity needs of the United States for a year. Although rare on Earth, an estimated one million tons of 3 He has collected on the surface of the moon. While it would cost approximately US$17 billion to develop a mine producing one ton of 3 He per year, such an operation is commercially viable over the medium term given the estimated value of that ton of fuel: US$3.7 billion. This article outlines the technical and economic issues related to 3 He and its extraction, and it presents a novel approach to estimating the worth of the fuel. The potential of 3 He as a future energy source is set in the context of global energy forecasts and international efforts to investigate lunar 3 He resources—including a recent Chinese mission.
Neuartige Methode zum Ermüdungsnachweis bestehender Straßenbrücken mittels Monitoring – Anwendungsbeispiel einer Straßenbrücke in der Schweiz

Abstract Der Regelermüdungsnachweis für Straßenbrücken nach Eurocode kann mit dem aus einem Einzelfahrzeug bestehenden Ermüdungslastmodell ELM3 und den sogenannten Schadensäquivalenzfaktoren λ i geführt werden, ohne das aufwendige Ermüdungslastmodell ELM4 mit mehreren Fahrzeugtypen anwenden zu müssen. Allerdings unterliegt dieser Regelnachweis Einschränkungen. So können beispielsweise Brücken mit Stützweiten oder Einflusslinienlängen außerhalb des Intervalls [10 m – 80 m] nicht nachgewiesen werden. Darüber hinaus wird ein messdatengestützter Ermüdungsnachweis vorgestellt. Dabei kann der Schadenäquivalenzfaktor λ 1 für Monitoringdaten berechnet und ausgewertet werden. Aufbauend auf dem vorliegenden Regelermüdungsnachweis nach Eurocode wird in diesem Beitrag eine Methode zum Ermüdungsnachweis vorgeschlagen, die auf der Tragwerksantwort der zu untersuchenden Bauwerke fußt. Mithilfe dieser Methode lässt sich der Schadenäquivalenzfaktor λ 1 für beliebige Einflusslinienlängen und Monitoringspektren ohne Einschränkungen ermitteln.
The end of the journey: the late pleistocene-early holocene colonisation of south america

Understanding the human journey of global colonisation is the history of modern humanity and the development of the diverse characteristics of peoples and cultures around the world. This five-year interdisciplinary project will investigate the peopling of South America, the last continental terra incognita (other than Antarctica) to be colonised by humans, constituting a virtually unprecedented migration of modern humans across richly diverse, empty landscapes during the Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene transition. Situated at the geographical gateway to the continent, the project will investigate one of the most momentous demographic dispersals of our species into the diverse environments of north-western South America, encompassing coasts, savannahs and lowland, Sub Andean and Andean tropical forests. This process took place amidst one of the most significant climatic, environmental, and subsistence regime shifts in human history, which contributed to the extinction of megafauna, plant domestication, and today’s remarkable diversity of indigenous South American groups.
Despite its geographical importance and a wealth of archaeological and palaeoecological data across its diverse environments, north-western South America has only been given cursory consideration to understand processes of human dispersion. This project will redress this imbalance by applying an innovative interdisciplinary approach that integrates state-of-art archaeology, archaeobotany, zooarchaeology, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology, ancient environmental DNA and isotope studies. The results will provide a global comparative perspective to the study of Late Pleistocene human colonisations, hunter-gatherer adaptations, the demise of megafauna and the beginning of plant cultivation and domestication. The results of the project have broader implications not only for archaeology but also for geography, palaeoclimate, palaeoecology, and molecular biology.
Wet-bulb globe temperature index estimation using meteorological data from São Paulo State, Brazil

It is well known that excessive heat exposure causes heat disorders and can lead to death in some situations. Evaluation of heat stress on workers performing indoor and outdoor activities is, nowadays, conducted worldwide by wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index, which calculation parameters are dry-bulb, natural wet-bulb, and globe temperatures, which must be measured at the same time and in location where the worker is conducting his/her activities. However, for some activities performed in large outdoor areas such as those of agricultural ones, it is not feasible to measure directly those temperatures in all work periods and locations where there are workers. Taking this into account, this work aims to introduce a WBGT index estimation using atmospheric variables observed by automatic meteorological stations. In order to support our estimation method, we used, as a test-bed, data recorded in the State of São Paulo (SP), Brazil. By adding the cloudiness factor in the calculation through measurement of solar radiation, the algorithm proved to be as efficient as those mentioned in this work. It was found that this method is viable, with WBGT-estimated values obtained from meteorological data measured by stations with a distance of less than 80 km. This estimate can be used for monitoring heat stress in real time as well as to investigate heat-related disorders and agricultural work.
Microtechnology and integrated microsystems to investigate neuronal networks across scales

To advance knowledge in electrophysiology and information processing of neuronal networks, we propose employing microtechnology and microelectronics to rigorously study neural networks in vitro across scales. Across scales pertains to the spatial domain - from details of subcellular components through single neurons to entire networks - and the temporal domain - from single action potentials to long-term developmental processes. Besides our CMOS-microelectronics-based high-density microelectrode arrays for recording and stimulation, the methodology will encompass patch-clamping directly on the microelectrode chips, high-resolution microscopy, genetic methods, large-scale data handling strategies, and dedicated data analysis and modeling algorithms. We will use mammalian cortical neuron cultures and brain slices.
We will potentially have access to every neuron and every action potential. We aim at studying - at the same time in the same preparation - details of specific neurons and subcellular components (somas, axons, synapses, dendrites) in their functional context and the characteristics of the corresponding networks (functional connectivity, emergent properties, plasticity). We will study alterations of components and networks over time and upon defined perturbations and mutual interdependence of network and component characteristics.
The high-spatio-temporal-resolution methodology will enable new fundamental neuroscientific insights through, e.g., facilitating investigation of axonal and axonal initial segment signaling characteristics, with the “axonal” side of neuronal activity being largely inaccessible to established methods. It will also enable the mapping of the overall synaptic input to a specific neuron, or the high-throughput monitoring of all action potentials in a network over extended time to see developmental effects or effects of disturbances. Potential applications include research in neural diseases and pharmacology.
LOW TORQUE SEAL ASSEMBLY

A unitized seal assembly (100) for use with roller or ball bearing assemblies is disclosed. The unitized seal (100) assembly includes, among other things, a radially outer ring (60) and a radially inner deflector ring (70). The outer ring (60) includes a first shield element (64) which defines a first sealing face (66). The radially inner deflector ring (70) includes a second shield element (74) which defines a second sealing face (78). The second sealing face (78) is dimensioned and configured so as to correspond to the first sealing face (66) such that when the first shield element (64) is positioned in a non-contacting proximity to the second shield element (74), a circuitous sealing labyrinth is formed between the first sealing face (66) and the second sealing face (78).
Role of shear-thinning on the dynamics of rinsing flow by an impinging jet

Using a jet of one fluid to ablate a second liquid that coats a planar substrate produces a variety of interesting flow structures. These rinsing flows can create alternating layers of jet and coating fluids, creating difficulties in imaging the resulting radial hydraulic jumps for qualitative and quantitative data extraction. This study is an extension of the work done by Hsu et al. [“Role of fluid elasticity on the dynamics of rinsing flow by an impinging jet,” Phys. Fluids. 23, 033101 (2011)10.1063/1.3567215] and presents a method to reveal the positions of the free surfaces in rinsing flows as well as exploring the role of shear thinning in this flow process. Following the previous work, we used an impinging jet of water to rinse coating fluids of varying rheologies to understand the flow structures during the transient growth of the resulting hydraulic jumps, observing rheological dependencies on the jump magnitude and velocity and overall topography. While many instabilities have been shown to arise...