SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Disordered and strongly-correlated systems: a new theoretical approach

A primary tool to understand the properties of matter is Density Functional Theory (DFT), a reformulation of the many-electron Schroedinger equation based on a functional of the electronic density (rather than the wave-function). Although such formulation is in principle exact, its practical implementation has to rely on approximations, which, despite being successful in explaining many properties of complex molecules and condensed matter, fail when correlation among electrons becomes important.
In recent years, the hosting group has developed a formalism to deal with strong correlation in density functional theory, based on the exact DFT limit of infinite coupling strength. The formalism has also been extended to bosonic systems with different kind of long-ranged repulsive interactions with very promising proof of principle results. The underlying fixed point equations that need to be solved are non-standard and very little work on the numerical side (with the exception of primitive proof of principle implementations) has been done so far.
The researcher in this project is an applied mathematician with outstanding track record in designing numerical algorithms for several different physical problems. In particular, he has developed a new method to solve the non-linear Schroedinger one-particle equations, called spectral renormalization method, which is the perfect tool to solve the fixed point problem related to the strong-coupling limit of DFT.
In this project we will put together the expertise of the researcher and of the host to bring to full maturity the new theoretical framework of DFT for strongly-correlated systems. In particular, we plan to apply the new methodology to study systems with disorder, analyzing Anderson localization in the presence of strong correlation.
Electrical cable for vertical applications

An electrical cable for vertical applications includes a core having a length L, a sheath surrounding the core and extending through the whole length L and a reinforcing jacket surrounding the sheath and in direct contact therewith. The reinforcing jacket is made of concentric layers including a first layer longitudinally extending from a first cable end (the proximal or upper cable end, in use) towards a second cable end (the distal or lower cable end, in use) substantially along the whole length L. The reinforcing jacket also includes at least one further layer longitudinally extending from the first cable end towards the second cable end for a length shorter than L. At least one layer of the reinforcing jacket is a circumferentially closed metal tube.
A KNIFE WITH AN ERGONOMIC HANDLE

The knife has an elongated knife blade (1) extending along an axis and a handle (5) extending along a second axis (B), the two axes being substantially parallel or having slightly deviating directions. The handle (5) has an end face (12) extending between upper and lower end points (13, 14) along a side face (15) of the knife blade (1), the lower end point (14) being positioned on a protrusion (9) of the handle (5) in front of the grip portion (6). The protrusion (9) has a rear face (11) extending rearwards under an acute angle (beta) relative to the second axis (B), and a line through the end points (13, 14) of the end face in a downward direction extends backwards under a second acute angle (gamma) relative to the second axis (B).
Synthesis of metal-doped nanoplastics and their utility to investigate fate and behaviour in complex environmental systems

Research on the distribution and effects of particulate plastic has intensified in recent years and yet, due to analytical challenges, our understanding of nanoplastic occurrence and behaviour has remained comparatively elusive. However, process studies could greatly aid in defining key parameters for nanoplastic interactions within and transfers between technical and environmental compartments. Here we provide a method to synthesize nanoplastic particles doped with a chemically entrapped metal used as a tracer, which provides a robust way to detect nanoplastics more easily, accurately and quantitatively in complex media. We show the utility of this approach in batch studies that simulate the activated sludge process of a municipal waste water treatment plant and so better understand the fate of nanoplastics in urban environments. We found that the majority of particles were associated with the sludge (>98%), with an average recovery of over 93% of the spiked material achieved. We believe that this approach can be developed further to study the fate, transport, mechanistic behaviour and biological uptake of nanoplastics in a variety of systems on different scales.
Study on Proactive Information Delivery Strategy of Cooperative Air Combat

Proactive information delivery among the combat teams and the teammates in cooperative air combat is crucial. In this paper, we focus on how to model the proactive information delivery (PID) behaviors and how to delivery the combat mission and situation information during the combat process. Based on the requirements of cooperative air combat, we model the proactive information delivery behaviors and the information delivery metal states based on the information delivery payload, argument, constraint, etc., by means of AML (Agent Modeling Language). We propose some proactive information delivery strategies in air combat process according to the phase and information requirements of the cooperative air combat, which helps demonstrate the proactive information interaction among the combat teams and teammates when modeling air combat command and control systems.
Unravelling the heterogeneity and functions of hepatic myeloid cells in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) results from accumulation of excessive fat in the liver. It encompasses simple steatosis (fatty liver) progressing through non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in western countries and is predicted to be the main cause of liver transplantation by 2030. As such NAFLD represents a significant clinical burden for which to date, there is no effective treatment. Multiple ‘hits’ are thought to contribute to the progression from steatosis to NASH. One of these ‘hits’ is activation of the immune system and the ensuing inflammatory response. Hepatic myeloid cells, including mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) are thought to play an essential role in this, sensing excess lipids and other danger signals and initiating immune responses. However, MNPs represent a highly heterogeneous population, including multiple subtypes of dendritic cells and macrophages. To date these have been studied as a group rather than as individual cell types, leading to them being ascribed multiple and often contradictory roles depending on the experimental set up. Thus their specific contributions to NAFLD still remain unclear. I hypothesize that by dissecting the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of hepatic MNPs, we will be able to unravel their roles in NAFLD and in the progression to NASH. Single cell technologies such as single cell RNA sequencing have revolutionised our ability to understand cellular heterogeneity. In addition, they have facilitated the development of novel genetic tools to study functions of specific cell types in vivo. I aim to use this technology and more specific in vivo tools to understand MNP phenotypic and functional heterogeneity in NAFLD in mice and men. This is essential for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting myeloid cells in what is becoming one of the biggest health challenges in the western world.
Stroke genetics informs drug discovery and risk prediction across ancestries

Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of stroke - the second leading cause of death worldwide - were conducted predominantly in populations of European ancestry1,2. Here, in cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of 110,182 patients who have had a stroke (five ancestries, 33% non-European) and 1,503,898 control individuals, we identify association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci: 60 in primary inverse-variance-weighted analyses and 29 in secondary meta-regression and multitrait analyses. On the basis of internal cross-ancestry validation and an independent follow-up in 89,084 additional cases of stroke (30% non-European) and 1,013,843 control individuals, 87% of the primary stroke risk loci and 60% of the secondary stroke risk loci were replicated (P < 0.05). Effect sizes were highly correlated across ancestries. Cross-ancestry fine-mapping, in silico mutagenesis analysis3, and transcriptome-wide and proteome-wide association analyses revealed putative causal genes (such as SH3PXD2A and FURIN) and variants (such as at GRK5 and NOS3). Using a three-pronged approach4, we provide genetic evidence for putative drug effects, highlighting F11, KLKB1, PROC, GP1BA, LAMC2 and VCAM1 as possible targets, with drugs already under investigation for stroke for F11 and PROC. A polygenic score integrating cross-ancestry and ancestry-specific stroke GWASs with vascular-risk factor GWASs (integrative polygenic scores) strongly predicted ischaemic stroke in populations of European, East Asian and African ancestry5. Stroke genetic risk scores were predictive of ischaemic stroke independent of clinical risk factors in 52,600 clinical-trial participants with cardiometabolic disease. Our results provide insights to inform biology, reveal potential drug targets and derive genetic risk prediction tools across ancestries.
Trans-Atlantic modelling and simulation for cyber-physical systems

Smart systems, in which sophisticated software/hardware is embedded in physical systems are part of everyday life.  From simple products with embedded decision making software to massive systems in which hundreds of systems, each with hundreds or thousands of embedded processors, interoperate, the growth of cyber-physical systems (CPS) is likely to accelerate.  For Europe to benefit from this expansion, while avoiding the pitfalls that such complexity creates, there must be advances in the modelling and simulation (M&S) of CPS.  Collaborative research with the US will be an opportunity to advance European M&S capabilities for CPS.  The overall aim of TAMS4CPS is to lay the foundations for concrete EU-US collaboration in modelling and simulation for cyber-physical systems. To achieve this, Loughborough and Newcastle Universities (M&S) will work with Steinbeis Innovation (road mapping) and leading researchers in the field at top US universities to create:
- A strategic research and collaboration agenda, endorsed by researchers in EU and US
- A set of test cases for model developers to perform collaborative evaluation
- A state of the art web-based report to act as a baseline for collaborative research
Taking a consultative approach, we will engage industry and academic researchers and M&S users in workshops and web-based meetings to prioritise M&S research challenges and to create a constituency of future collaboration partners for pre-competitive research in the Artemis themes, of:
- Architectures principles and models for safe secure Cyber-Physical Systems
- Systems design, modelling and virtual engineering for Cyber-Physical Systems
- Autonomous adaptive and cooperative of Cyber-Physical Systems
- Computing platforms and energy management for Cyber-Physical Systems
To which is added the exploitation and enabling theme of:
- Integration of socio/legal/governance models within modelling frameworks  
Thus, this project directly addresses European priorities in CPS.
State of the art of gel dosimeters for three-dimensional radiotherapy dose verification

Dose verification, as part of the radiotherapy QA chain, is a significant method to ensure the patients′ safety and efficacy of treatment. The increasing application of precision radiotherapy techniques in clinic has advanced the need of three-dimensional (3D) dose verification. Gel dosimeters, prevailing for its intrinsic 3D high-resolution measurement and good tissue equivalence, can serve as effective supplement to the clinical radiotherapy dosimetric system. This paper reviews the method ology, dose response mechanism, characterizations of the state-of-the-art gel dosimeters. Gel dosimeters, outstanding for 3D dose measurement, have a great potential to explore both for clinical application and academic research.


Key words: 
Precision radiotherapy; 3D dose verification; Gel dosimeters
A multimodal approach to the analysis of the attenuation properties of MF communication systems in mine tunnels

Low-attenuation medium-frequency communications are still utilized in mine tunnels as useful backup systems. Previous research on the topic has addressed the evaluation and measurement of the wave propagation parameters of these communication structures considering the presence of a single conductor inside the tunnel. In this work, the presence of multiple conductors is considered and a multimodal approach is developed to determine the expected attenuation as a function of the distance and frequency. The examples provided in the paper concern a three-conductor structure, consisting of one power cable and two rail tracks, where three basic modes propagate. Simulation results show that the expected attenuation depends on the set of initial currents injected into the conductors and that, in the case of randomly injected currents, the expected attenuation constant decreases with distance, tending to the attenuation constant of the least attenuated mode.
Are they protected? Immunity to vaccine-preventable diseases in healthcare workers at an Australian hospital

Australian guidelines for healthcare worker (HCW) vaccination were updated in 2010, and pre-employment assessment of new employees has previously been identified as a priority. We determined the vaccination status of a cohort of existing HCWs at a tertiary hospital in Melbourne, Victoria.Random sampling of HCWs employed prior to 2006 with unknown/incomplete immunisation status was conducted between April and August 2011. Immunity to vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) was determined serologically (hepatitis B, varicella, measles, mumps, rubella) and by questionnaire (diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis), with vaccination by a nurse immuniser.Overall, 95 HCWs were evaluated. Mean age and duration of employment were 47.2 and 12.6 years, respectively. Forty-seven staff (49%) required vaccination to comply with Australian immunisation guidelines: 18% were non-immune to hepatitis B, 2% to varicella, 8% to measles, 19% to mumps and 13% to rubella. HCWs without serological hepatitis B immunity were all staff with clinical roles. Total costs were $7,527.34 (mean $222.79/HCW).Immunity to VPDs among existing HCWs was inadequate. About half assessed HCWs were non-immune to at least one VPD, and non-immunity to hepatitis B was high. A comprehensive assessment strategy for existing employees is required to enhance vaccination coverage and compliance with national guidelines.Adequately resourced 'look-back' immunisation assessment programs are required to reduce the risks of VPDs among existing staff and patients. Review of current approaches and national consensus regarding the need for mandatory strategies would assist this process.
Industrial Change Network

The primary objective of ICN is the sustainable improvement of regional development and social cohesion both within and between regions in the enlarged Europe. By sharing experience and knowledge, the project partners will look for innovative solutions to assist in solving the challenges of industrial regions in change. The partnership also aims to ensure that new EU Member States benefit from experience already acquired in redeveloping such regions, particularly with the use of Objective 1 and 2 EU Structural Funds. Partners and their regions have access to a broad range of experience and best practices in five key areas: SME development; regeneration of industrial sites; innovation and technology management; human resources and social policy and implementation of EU Structural Funds.
Method for the recovery of gaseous hydrogen

Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Wasserstoff in gasförmiger Form durch Freisetzen von Wasserstoff aus einem flüssigen Medium, welches Wasserstoff chemisch gebunden enthält, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Freisetzung unter einem Druck von mindestens 25 bar vorgenommen wird, wobei als flüssiges Medium bevorzugt eine ionische Flüssigkeit eingesetzt wird.
Heterosexual HIV-1 Infectiousness and Antiretroviral Use

Recent studies have estimated the reduction in HIV-1 infectiousness with antiretroviral therapy (ART), but high-quality studies such as randomized controlled trials, accompanied by rigorous adherence counseling, are likely to overestimate the effectiveness of treatment-as-prevention in real-life settings.We attempted to summarize the effect of ART on HIV transmission by undertaking a systematic review and meta-analysis of HIV-1 infectiousness per heterosexual partnership (incidence rate and cumulative incidence over study follow-up) estimated from prospective studies of discordant couples. We used random-effects Poisson regression models to obtain summary estimates. When possible, the analyses were further stratified by direction of transmission (man-to-woman or woman-to-man) and economic setting (high- or low-income countries). Potential causes of heterogeneity of estimates were explored through subgroup analyses.Fifty publications were included. Nine allowed comparison between ART and non-ART users within studies (ART-stratified studies), in which summary incidence rates were 3.6/100 person-years (95% confidence interval = 2.0-6.5) and 0.2/100 person-years (0.07-0.7) for non-ART- and ART-using couples, respectively (P < 0.001), constituting a 91% (79-96%) reduction in per-partner HIV-1 incidence rate with ART use. The 41 studies that did not stratify by ART use provided estimates with high levels of heterogeneity (I statistic) and few reported levels of ART use, making interpretation difficult. Nevertheless, estimates tended to be lower with ART use. Infectiousness tended to be higher for low-income than high-income settings, but there was no clear pattern by direction of transmission (man-to-woman and woman-to-man).ART substantially reduces HIV-1 infectiousness within discordant couples, based on observational studies, and could play a major part in HIV-1 prevention efforts. However, the non-zero risk from partners receiving ART demonstrates that appropriate counseling and other risk-reduction strategies for discordant couples are still required. Additional estimates of ART effectiveness by adherence level from real-life settings will be important, especially for persons starting treatment early without symptoms.
Probabilistic nowcasting of winter weather for airports

The PNOWWA project will produce methods for the probabilistic short-term forecasting of winter weather and enable the assessment of the uncertainty in the ground part of 4D trajectories. 4D trajectory management is a necessary concept to meet future growth in air traffic; probabilistic forecasts will be used in ATM applications to support operational planning in surface management and ATM decision making, thereby increasing airport capacity, shortening delays and promoting safety.
PNOWWA will demonstrate very short-term (0-3h, ""nowcast"") probabilistic winter weather forecasts in 15min time resolution based on an extrapolation of movement of weather radar echoes and improve predictability of changes in snowfall intensity caused by underlying terrain (such as mountains and seas). Research demonstrations are conducted both offline and online at the Operative User Environment (OUE) site representing influence of the underlying terrain to forecast accuracy. An extensive user consultation will analyze needs to ensure products are suitable to be integrated in various applications on the ATM side. The adjustment to user needs will cover the most relevant parameters (visibility, intensity and snow depth) and operationally important thresholds of the selected parameters (e.g. heavy snowfall).
The PNOWWA project has linkages to completed work in ongoing EU SESAR1 program, where FMI developed Step 1 (Time Based Operations) winter weather solutions based on deterministic forecasts to local OUE. The initial concept of short-range snowfall forecasts improvement with usage of weather radar has been validated in that context, and the second phase  solutions (Step 2: Trajectory-based Operations) will be developed in EU SESAR 2020 program. The proposed PNOWWA  project will develop the methods for deducing probability forecasts of winter weather required by SESAR 2020. PNOWWA project will also deliver a roadmap towards implementation with connection points in future SESAR projects.
¿(In) sostenibilidad minera en América Latina? Una revisión sistemática de las perspectivas y brechas

La minería es la extracción de minerales en diversas escalas y en diversas modalidades. Como cualquier otro sector económico de producción, genera impactos positivos y negativos. Sin embargo, también generan impactos negativos si no se tiene una buena gestión ambiental ni responsabilidad social. Por ello, muchos países mineros, tienen conflictos sociales por dichos impactos, ante ello existe el Observatorio de Conflictos Mineros el cual mapea el origen y causa de los conflictos mineros. La pregunta que guía este artículo es ¿Qué aspectos relacionan a la minería a la sostenibilidad? Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este artículo es de presentar una revisión sistemática multinivel de los documentos científicos y políticos para identificar las perspectivas y brechas de la sostenibilidad en el sector minero bajo una perspectiva de la epistemología ambiental en cuatro categorías: (i) la presencia del ambiente en la minería, (ii) gestión ambiental, (iii) conflictos y (iv) soluciones. Fueron encontrados a nivel global y transnacional un total de 87197 documentos científicos y 14303 documentos legislativos, los cuales se categorizaron y filtraron según la metodología PRISMA para revisar las cuatro categorías. No hay duda que el sector minero debe aplicar términos como una gestión ambiental eficaz y el desarrollo sostenible, pudiéndolo hacer mediante diversas herramientas; tales como el cumplimiento de las normas y estándares nacionales e internacionales obligatoria e inclusive las certificaciones ambientales voluntarias mediante la inclusión de tecnologías limpias o términos de gestión como la economía circular y la ecología industrial.
A copula-based joint deficit index for droughts

Summary Current drought information is based on indices that do not capture the joint behaviors of hydrologic variables. To address this limitation, the potential of copulas in characterizing droughts from multiple variables is explored in this study. Starting from the standardized index (SI) algorithm, a modified index accounting for seasonality is proposed for precipitation and streamflow marginals. Utilizing Indiana stations with long-term observations (a minimum of 80 years for precipitation and 50 years for streamflow), the dependence structures of precipitation and streamflow marginals with various window sizes from 1- to 12-months are constructed from empirical copulas. A joint deficit index (JDI) is defined by using the distribution function of copulas. This index provides a probability-based description of the overall drought status. Not only is the proposed JDI able to reflect both emerging and prolonged droughts in a timely manner, it also allows a month-by-month drought assessment such that the required amount of precipitation for achieving normal conditions in future can be computed. The use of JDI is generalizable to other hydrologic variables as evidenced by similar drought severities gleaned from JDIs constructed separately from precipitation and streamflow data. JDI further allows the construction of an inter-variable drought index, where the entire dependence structure of precipitation and streamflow marginals is preserved.