SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Coordinated capacity ordering and trajectory pricing for better-performing atm

COCTA project proposes coordinated economic measures aiming to pre-emptively reconcile air traffic demand and airspace capacity, by acting on both sides of the inequality. In performing demand-capacity balancing COCTA primarily aims to reduce the cost arising from lack of coordination in the ATM system, stemming both from divorced planning horizons of ANSPs and aircraft operators (AOs), and from an inadequate pricing of navigation services. 
ANSPs plan their capacities weeks and months in advance, with only very limited and costly possibilities to adjust those on a short notice. On the other side, AOs attach great value to flight planning flexibility and tend to file their route choice decisions only hours before the time of departure. The mismatch between the predictability for ANSPs and flexibility for AOs results in substantial and costly capacity buffers built into ANSP planning decisions. COCTA recognizes this as a major issue and designs mechanisms acting on both sides, to incentivize more cost-efficient outcomes. To make this possible, COCTA envisages a new role for the network manager (NM), supported by re-designed regulatory setting. 
On capacity side, the NM purchases airspace capacities in line with expected network demand, employing a network-centred, demand driven approach, as opposed to the current, piecemeal and supply-driven practice, which is tailored against local (ANSP) traffic peaks. As a consequence, excessive provision of airspace capacity is to be reduced, with associated cost savings. 
On the demand side, the NM performs trajectory pricing, offering route menus to AOs, including novel, flexible products, aiming at an appropriate balance between cost-efficiency, delays, environmental impact and equity, without compromising safety. COCTA mechanisms and choice-based mathematical models thus work in a re-designed ATM value chain and optimize multi-criteria objectives, fully complying with multi-dimensional SES policy goals.
Managing manure for sustainable livestock production in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed

M anure presents one of the greatest challenges to livestock (dairy and beef cattle, swine, poultry, equine, sheep, llamas, etc.) operations in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, serving both as resource and liability. The Chesapeake Bay is threatened by excessive nutrient loadings, and, according to the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), manure is the source of 18% of the nitrogen and 27% of the phosphorus entering the Chesapeake Bay annually (figure 1) (Chesapeake Bay Program 2010). Developing economical, practical, and effective manure management options for livestock producers will not only contribute to the restoration of the Chesapeake Bay, but will also provide a model for other areas where water quality and livestock production objectives must be balanced.

The 166,000 km2 (64,000 mi2) Chesapeake Bay Watershed is home to 3.2 million animal units (animal unit = 454 kg [1,000 lbs] of livestock) generating roughly 36 million t (40 million tn) of livestock manure per year. In comparison, the 14 million humans who call the Chesapeake Bay Watershed home generate 3.6 million t (4 million tn) of waste annually (Brosch 2010; Blankenship 2005). The livestock manure contains approximately 259,000 t (285,000 tn) of nitrogen and 70,000 t (77,000 tn) of phosphorus. Most manure is…
Kristina Lepold: Ambivalente Anerkennung

Rezension von Kristina Lepold: Ambivalente Anerkennung. Frankfurt am Main/New York: Campus Verlag 2021.
POST REMOVAL DEVICE

A post removal device (10), including a support (11 ), and a lever (12) which is rotatable about a fulcrum (13). The lever (12) extends on either side of the fulcrum (13) to define a first portion (14) and a second portion (15), whereby downward movement of the first portion (14) results in upward movement of the second portion (15). The second portion (15) is connected to a gripping arrangement (19) which includes a pair of post grippers (23), which are movable during rotation of the lever (12), from an open condition to a gripping condition. The extent of rotational movement of the lever (12) is sufficient for the grippers (23) to move from the open condition to the gripping condition and for the gripping arrangement (19) to be lifted with the grippers (23) in the gripping condition for lifting a post.
Transgenic Resistance Confers Effective Field Level Control of Bacterial Spot Disease in Tomato

We investigated whether lines of transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) expressing the Bs2 resistance gene from pepper, a close relative of tomato, demonstrate improved resistance to bacterial spot disease caused by Xanthomonas species in replicated multi-year field trials under commercial type growing conditions. We report that the presence of the Bs2 gene in the highly susceptible VF 36 background reduced disease to extremely low levels, and VF 36-Bs2 plants displayed the lowest disease severity amongst all tomato varieties tested, including commercial and breeding lines with host resistance. Yields of marketable fruit from transgenic lines were typically 2.5 times that of the non-transformed parent line, but varied between 1.5 and 11.5 fold depending on weather conditions and disease pressure. Trials were conducted without application of any copper-based bactericides, presently in wide use despite negative impacts on the environment. This is the first demonstration of effective field resistance in a transgenic genotype based on a plant R gene and provides an opportunity for control of a devastating pathogen while eliminating ineffective copper pesticides.
Industrial implementation of adaptive computational methods for turbulent flow and fluid-structure interaction

The ERC StG project UNICON (Project ID 202984) was completed in July 2013. The goal of UNICON was to develop new adaptive finite element methods for computer simulation of fluid-structure interaction, in particular for problems involving turbulent flow. Simulation of turbulent flow is an outstanding computational challenge, where the UNICON project made significant progress beyond the state of the art. The scientific results of the UNICON project include a new theoretical and methodological framework, and a computer implementation of the methods as open source software, published as part of the FEniCS project, co-founded by the PI (Hoffman) in 2003. FEniCS is today a world leading open source software for computer simulation based on differential equations, with an estimated 50 000 downloads per year, and the PI today leads the PRACE Tier-0 project FEniCS-HPC, in which algorithms and software are developed for the most powerful supercomputers in Europe. Compared to competing simulation software, free as well as commercial, UNICON computational technology has proven to exhibit unique features with respect to accuracy and efficiency. 

The idea of this ERC PoC project is to commercialize the UNICON simulation technology. In particular, ADAPTIVE targets civil (non-military) industry, with a focus on subsonic fluid dynamics. The strategy is to deliver services and products tailored to each customer, from deliverance of a simulation result, to education and support for integration of the simulation tools in the workflow of a customer.
Reconfigurable smart lens for adaptive imaging

Adaptive optical elements that enable dynamic control of optical paths are essential components of the last generation of commercial optical devices in a wide range of sectors, including smart phones, microscopy and 3D printing. The main goal of the SMARTLENS project is to exploit a recently developed technology to create a new paradigm in optical imaging by transforming at low cost any conventional static optical lens into an adaptive lens whose imaging properties can be dynamically shaped almost at will. Throughout the project we will advance the maturity of the technology, design and implement a demonstrator as well as establish the exploitation and commercialization strategies.
SUPERCAPACITOR 4.0 PROJECT: AUTOMATION, EFFICIENCY, COST-EFFICIENCY — SCA2E

THE AIM OF THE PROJECT IS TO IMPLEMENT THE FIRST FACTORY OF SUPER-CAPACITORS (SC) IN ITALY, PROCEED WITH THE TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT, WORK IN PROGRESS, TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE, IN PARTICULAR TO THE ENERGY AND THE ACCUMULATED SPECIFIC ENERGY OF THE CURRENT SC NONCHÃS TO OPTIMISE THE PRODUCTION PROCESS IN ORDER TO REDUCE SIGNIFICANTLY THE COSTS, NONCHÃP CARRY OUT THE ACTIVITIES OF INDUSTRIAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, IN COLLABORATION WITH UNIVERSITIES AND RESEARCH CENTRES, WITH THE LONG-TERM OBJECTIVE OF ACHIEVING THE VALUES OF THE EXISTING ELECTRODES (ACTIVATED CARBON DUST) WITH INNOVATIVE MATERIALS BASED ON GRAPHENE (GRAPHENE-LIKE).
Modeling uncertain load and wind power in the electric energy systems

This paper is motivated by the recognition that sources of uncertainties in the electric power systems are multifold and that they may have potentially far-reaching effects. In the past, only system load forecast was considered to be the main challenge. More recently, uncertain price of electricity and hard-to-predict power produced by the renewable resources, such as wind and solar, are making the operating and planning environment much more challenging. It is, therefore, becoming very important to develop modeling methods for predicting uncertain load and wind power, in particular. In this paper we first transform historic time-stamped data into their Fourier Transform (FT) representation. The frequency domain data representation is used to decompose the wind and load power signals and to derive predictive models relevant for short-term and long-term predictions. The short-term results are interpreted next as a Linear Prediction Coding Model (LPC) and its accuracy is analyzed. Next, the Discrete Markov Process (DMP) representation is applied to help assess probabilities of most likely short-, medium- and long-term states and the related multi-temporal risks. Throughout the paper we use publicly available data for the New York Control Area (NYCA).
South-South Trade and Finance in the Twenty-First Century : Rise of the South or a Second Great Divergence

The last two-three decades have seen a dramatic rise in South-South economic relations, yet no book exists that systematically examines these changes in the global economy. This work directly engages with the ‘new developmentalism’ literature that has challenged the neoliberal orthodoxy and its policy approach, which focuses on liberalization, privatization, and deregulation. It also engages with literature by examining whether the increase in South–South trade facilitates or inhibits the possibilities for developmentalist economic policy in developing countries. The book shows concrete and positive results from South–South trade particularly related to industrial development and also documents how South–South trade is dominated by large developing countries and that South–South trade liberalization may be counterproductive.
Propulsion technologies in the frame of ESA’s next generation gravity mission

In the first decade of XXI century, European Space Agency (ESA) has extensively promoted studies in order to establish scientific requirements, identify the most appropriate measurement techniques, start the associated technology developments, and define the system scenarios for a Next Generation Gravity Mission (in brief, NGGM). Such a mission will make use of the Low-Low Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking (LL-SST) technique to monitor the temporal variations of the Earth gravity field over a long time span, like the GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) mission, but with much higher spatial resolution comparable to that provided by the GOCE mission (where GOCE stands for Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer), and with improved temporal resolution.
Multi-Payload satellite as an innovative service for technology experimentation in space

The project objective is to provide a low-cost and fast service for test and evaluation of technology devices in outer space. The most outstanding added value of this proposal is to bring the space sector closer to technology developers through the standardization of the payload integration. 

The rate of production of new components and technologies in the European space industry is currently not accomplished to the availability of opportunities for in-orbit testing. European space industry needs to increase rapidly the maturity level of these components, in order not to lose the leading position in terms of technological competitiveness and innovation. This situation brings the commercial opportunity for a low cost and time effective service to evaluate new technologies in space environment, providing a multiple payload integration service to gain heritage as fast as the industry is demanding at present.

This innovative business opportunity, called Multi-Payload Satellite (MPSAT), is focused on achieving a new concept of space mission based on small satellites for in-orbit demonstration. The proposed project will develop a feasible and flexible service, drastically increasing the availability of opportunities for in-orbit testing for the whole technology developers’ community. 

The proposal concept mimics a previous successful initiative known as Multi-project Chip Wafer (MPW). MPW is a foundry service in microelectronics, where the share of the non-recurrent costs involved in the manufacturing of several integrated circuits on a single run drastically reduces its price. In this way, MPSAT service offers flight opportunities to the technology developers without resources for managing their own mission, offering dedicated payload slots and including all the mission steps as a unique kit: Mission management, platform assembly, payloads integration, operational and environmental tests, launch, and in-orbit experiment evaluation services.
GATE-BIASED ENHANCEMENT OF CATALYST PERFORMANCE

The effectiveness of a catalyst is enhanced by using an applied voltage to raise the Fermi-level energy thus populating the conduction band and possibly the reaction band.
European concept of operations for higher airspace  operations

The Higher Airspace region is located between the airspace normally used by aircraft and the beginning of space. Higher airspace is no longer an exclusive transition zone, but an area where operations will be significantly expanded as a result of the emergence of a complete new aviation domain, business and technical opportunities and more, representing business values in the order billions per year. The anticipated operations in the Higher Airspace represent an emerging market like for the early days of aviation where providing rules, including structural procedures regarding traffic and operations management, is now considered as the key enabler of this international healthy business of  $900b/y which worldwide connect people and civilisations.
The ECHO (European Concept of Higher airspace Operations) Project will deliver a comprehensive demand analysis and a comprehensive, innovative and feasible Concept of Operations enabling near term and future Higher Airspace operations in a safe and orderly manner.  
The Higher Airspace including the operators forms a new, almost legacy free environment enabling an expeditions uptake of innovations or, extrapolated SESAR solutions. In this way the Higher Airspace could become an incubator environment for future ATM. 
The ECHO project deliverables will also be instrumental in developing a Global performance based framework and will be the basis for the European Regulatory Framework.  For this the project includes all the key European actors and includes extensive coordination and consultation activities, such as three large Thematic Work Shops, to ensure wide European Stakeholder buy-in and alignment with evolving European policies.

The project will pave the way for the economic development of various commercial concepts that will only be possible by using the Higher Airspace environment.
Sustainability and Tourism in the Mediterranean

The project in brief _x000D_
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The Mediterranean region is a highly relevant tourist destination although the offer is still concentrated on notable heritage sites and massive sun and sea locations. Many other areas, which have not yet been affected by mass tourism, possess a significant potential for being developed as sustainable travel destinations providing unique assets in terms of cultural heritage, traditional crafts and typical products. However these areas suffer from a lack of business culture and few available infrastructures and services._x000D_
In order to boost the sustainable tourism development of different target areas located in Italy, Jordan, Spain and Tunisia, the S&T MED project aims to enhance the management, networking, marketing and business capacities of local communities increasing tourism arrivals while preserving natural resources. _x000D_
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Specific objective_x000D_
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To increase the share of tourism receipts that benefits the local economy in terms of new business activities while decreasing environmental risks deriving from tourism flows in the target areas.
Have Increases in CO2 Contributed to the Recent Large Upswing in Atlantic Basin Major Hurricanes Since 1995?

Publisher Summary It is not possible to directly measure the strength of the thermohaline circulation (THC). But its strength can be inferred from proxy measurements of the North Atlantic SST and salinity anomalies (which are directly related to each other) minus the sea level pressure anomaly (SLPA) over the broad Atlantic (0–50°N; 70°W–10°W). When the THC is strong, the Atlantic atmospheric and oceanic subtropical gyres are weaker than normal. When the Atlantic THC is weaker than average, the gyres are stronger than normal. With regards to multidecadal variations of Atlantic major hurricane activity, it is possible to give a sequence of physical arguments for how a year or a multidecadal period with a stronger than normal THC will have tropical Atlantic conditions associated, which are more favorable for Atlantic basin major hurricane activity. Among these conditions are positive tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature anomaly, lower tropical Atlantic SLPAs, weaker trade winds, and smaller values of tropospheric vertical wind shear. There is no evidence that Atlantic hurricane activity is significantly impacted by CO2 increases or by global mean surface temperature changes. This myth should be put to rest. It is the natural variability of the Atlantic's meteorological parameters that one must be concerned about.
Study on the Wx Allele Gene Sequences of Two Low Amylose Content Mutants of Oryza indica

Based on the Wx gene sequence of japonica rice,the Wx gene sequences of the two low-amylose mutants XLA-1 and XLA-2 of Oryza indica were detected by PCR and sequencing analysis.The main results showed that: There were many mutant sites among XLA-1,XLA-2 and Xianxiaozhan(the wild type),most of them were base change.There was a sigle nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP) in the 10th exon(+1 208 bp) of XLA-1 and XLA-2(Xianxiaozhan for the T,mutant for the C),codon TCT changed into CCT,which resulted in the substitution of a proline residue for serine.The substitution could alter the spatial structure of Wx protein,which may not be fully integrated on the starch granules,leading to the decreased of amylose content.The preliminary results indicated that the existence of Wx allelles affected amylose content in the two mutants.
PROCESS, DEVICE AND SYSTEM FOR MAPPING TRANSFORMERS TO METERS AND LOCATING NON-TECHNICAL LINE LOSSES

A process, device and system for mapping usage data from a plurality of utility usage nodes, such as electricity usage meters, to one or more utility distribution nodes, such as a transformer, in which utility usage data collected at a collection device from the plurality of utility usage nodes at predetermined intervals is received, and utility distribution data collected at the collection device from the utility distribution node at the predetermined intervals is likewise received. Aggregate usage data from one or more of the plurality of utility usage nodes is compared to distribution data from the utility distribution node during one or more of the same predetermined intervals to determine, using a computer, which of the plurality of utility usage nodes is connected to the utility distribution node
FPGA Development Phases

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the basic FPGA architecture and introduce the five Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) development phases. Topics dealt with are also the basic FPGA capabilities and Altera and Xilinx FPGA architecture. The layout of the generic FPGA architecture and I/O interfaces and some I/O standards has been given. Comparisons of the Altera and Xilinx I/O interface sections have been shown extensively with the Basic Logic Building Blocks of Xilinx and the series of Altera being discussed. Ability to Interconnect, Programmable Logic Device Options, advantages of using an IP core or function have been briefly dealt with. The chapter ends with the advice for the users to divide the tasks of developing FPGA designs into smaller phases of design, synthesis, simulation, implementation, and programming.
Research into enhanced tracks, switches and structures

Research into Enhanced Track, Switches and Structure
 
The railway of the future needs to meet the predicted growth in societal demand in terms of capacity and service, address the environmental challenges of the 21st century, and enable the political objectives of the European Union. IN2TRACK is to set the foundations for a resilient, consistent, cost-efficient, high capacity European network by delivering important building blocks that unlock the innovation potential that have been identified as part of the Shift2Rail Innovation Programme 3. Overall objectives of IN2TRACK are divided into three parts; Enhancing and optimising the switch & crossings and track systems in order to ensure the optimal line usage and capacity; Investigating novel ways of extending the life of bridges and tunnel assets through new approaches to maintaining, repairing and upgrading these structures; Development and adoption of a holistic, whole system-approach. A whole-system approach ,which is defined as the system boundaries extending from dynamic wheel-rail interaction (loading input) through to degradation of the S&C system, sub-systems, individual components, and underlying track foundation, will also be at the heart of IN2TRACK on how to reach the objectives. This IN2TRACK proposal addresses each of the areas identified in the H2020-S2RJU-2016-01 call. IN2TRACK is fully aligned with Shift2Rail IP3 in its objectives, approach, and ambition; addressing early enhancements and innovation opportunities.
THERMAL REGULATION SYSTEM FOR A FUEL CELL

Thermal regulation system (10) for a fuel cell (12), comprising a passive pumping means (14) having a first inlet (14a) connected to a first line (16), a second inlet (14b) connected to a second line (18) and an outlet (14c) configured to be connected to a cooling circuit (20) of the fuel cell (12), the passive pumping means (14) being configured to drive a fluid flowing in the second line (18) by means of a fluid flowing in the first line (16), using the Venturi effect. The first line (16) and the second line (18) are configured to be connected to an outlet of the cooling circuit (20) of the fuel cell (12), the first line (16) and the second line (18) being configured to supply the passive pumping means (14) with fluid at different temperatures.