SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Circular Degree of Circular Economy and Relevant Problems

Circular economy is a new mode of economic development. However, there are a variety of deficiencies in the research and practice. As the enterprise is the basic unit of implementation of circular economy, they more concern economic benefits. This paper starts with discussing economic benefits of circular economy, and points out that economic benefits do not always lead to the right cyclic direction. The optimal level of the development of circular economy can be achieved under the condition of maximizing the comprehensive benefits of economy, ecology, as well as society. However, the cycle under this prerequisite is not necessarily a closed-loop behavior, but only a certain degree of the cycle. We then defined the degree of the cycle as the degree of the recycle or reuse, in other words, the degree of resources or wastes. At the same time, we discussed problems associated with measurement, influencing factors, and paths of circular economy. 1) The degree of cycle should be measured from the aspects of circulation intensity, circulation scale, circulation time and so on. The circulation intensity reflects comprehensive utilization of resources or wastes. The circulation scale includes horizontally-directed and vertically-directed circulation. The circulation time indicates the duration of material use. 2) Influencing factors are mainly referred to as the technical, political, logistic, and economic environment. It should be noted that the circulation is under their combined influences. 3) The cyclic path is the manifestation of the degree of recycling, and a reflection of cyclic patterns. Different paths may cause varying degrees of recycling, and may also change the way of measurement. Circular economy, in fact, is to maximize the comprehensive benefits. In a word, the system of circular economy is aimed at fulfilling the use of resources. The circulation behavior, which is the outcome of the influencing factors, may develop in different ways. Consequently, the comprehensive benefits may also show varying results. The optimal degree of circulation should be under the condition of maximizing the comprehensive benefits. In addition, the authors analyzed the relationship between the comprehensive benefits and the circulation degree, and defined a reasonable degree for the latter. This study is expected to be helpful to evade the blindness of the development of circular economy, improve the recycling economic efficiency and effectiveness of inputs and outputs, and eventually to promote regional economic, social, and environmental development.
Linguistic dimensions of sexual normativity

LIDISNO is the first large-scale research project that analyses the role of language in the discursive formation of sexual normativity. Based on poststructuralist and Queer Linguistic theorisations of language and sexuality as discursively shaped, the project highlights the historical relativity and variability of sexual normativity by adducing empirical linguistic evidence from various time periods. In contrast to earlier work, which has largely postulated sexuality-related discursive shifts without verifying them in larger amounts of linguistic data, LIDISNO uses corpus linguistically informed critical discourse analysis to study the linguistic corollaries of three sexuality-related normative shifts: 1. language use about a person before and after their public coming out, with US Latino pop singer Ricky Martin as a case study, 2. language use to express same-sex experiences pre- vs. post-Stonewall, and 3. sexuality-related language use before and after 1890, i.e. the time of the oft-cited desire-to-identity shift in the conceptualisation of sexuality. Each of these shifts is studied through comparisons of pairs of text corpora pre- and post-dating the respective shift, while drawing on quantitative and qualitative corpus linguistic methods (frequency of sexuality-related features, frequency lists, keyword lists, semantic keyness, concordances, collocations, colligations) with the help of the tools AntConc and Wmatrix. These linguistic analyses are complemented by a comparison of findings across corpus pairs and comparisons with various types of supplementary data (interviews, personal narratives, major English reference corpora). LIDISNO will improve our understanding how linguistic practices shape sexual normativity. Its findings will be used to advance the theorisation of normativity as an analytical tool in critical discourse studies and to devise language policies that foster greater tolerance and inclusion of non-heterosexual individuals.
A novel anaerobic digester solution in air transport for on-board safe and efficient waste management

The DIGESTAIR project addresses the topic JTI-CS2-2018-CFP08-AIR-03-04 within The Clean Sky 2 programme and it can contribute to the Eco-design Transverse Activity in Airframe ITD. According to the International Air Transport Association, airlines produced 5.2 million tons of waste last year. Recent data from Eurostat revealed that up to 36% of the air passenger transport in Europe has extra EU destinations producing Category 1 ICW. The proportion of food waste and plastic packaging generated on board can account for up to 20% of the total amount of waste. Although some airlines are implementing standards to control and eventually reduce their environmental impact, new initiatives for a better waste management need to be committed. The DIGESTAIR approach seeks to promote a technological solution to improve waste management on board by taking advantage of the well-known anaerobic digestion (AD) process. However, the application of AD technology in an aircraft environment requires research and innovation efforts since no attempts are documented up-to-date in the aviation sector. 
The DIGESTAIR project involves a methodology that will ensure the accomplishment of the specific objectives based on prior experiences by considering the technical, security and hygiene requirements for an aircraft environment. A flexible and adaptable anaerobic digestion prototype with two different configurations will be manufactured: (i) two stage anaerobic process, and (ii) an alternative with membrane filtration unit in order to minimize size and weight and maximize the energy production. The prototype will be eco-designed, light, safe, and cost-efficient in terms of energy recovery and ICW treatment efficiency. Apart from the prototype, a simulation tool will be developed, which will help to boost prototype design and will be a valuable tool for future analyses of different scenarios and upscaling.
Recall dynamics of working memory networks: modeling, analysis, and applications

Memory and learning are human central cognitive abilities. The importance of understanding human memory functioning is evident from its central role in our cognitive health as well as its role as the main inspiration behind developments in artificial intelligence, in particular artificial deep neural networks (DNN). Despite considerable progress in the recent years in the area of DNNs, robustness of these networks is an important open issue. In particular, noise robustness, i.e., DNNs are fragile in maintaining the correct predictions if their input is perturbed. In contrast, a healthy human’s memory system maintains performance despite perturbed inputs. This motivates us to learn from the biological neuronal networks of human memory for a more robust DNN. The human memory is composed of several modules responsible for processing, learning, and recalling the received information. Among the memory modules is the working memory (WM) which is responsible for holding and processing information in a temporary fashion and in service of higher order cognitive tasks, e.g. decision making. The short-term nature of  the WM makes it a great example for designing dynamic DNNs, which are useful in safety critical applications in uncertain environments. The aim of this proposal is to build a combined model-based and data-driven mathematical framework for understanding Recall dynamics of human Working Memory Networks (ReWoMeN) for realization of a robust DNN as well as contributing to the mechanistic understanding of the human WM.  ReWoMeN address three main challenges including derivation of a biologically plausible system-level model to account for the measured data of human experience of WM recalling, analysis of such a complex model for explaining and predicting WM behavior, and comparing the robustness of our WM model with a recurrent DNN in an image recognition application.
Open access infrastructure for research in europe 2020

OpenAIRE2020 represents a pivotal phase in the long-term effort to implement and strengthen the impact of the Open Access (OA) policies of the European Commission (EC), building on the achievements of the OpenAIRE projects. OpenAIRE2020 will expand and leverage its focus from (1) the agents and resources of scholarly communication to workflows and processes, (2) from publications to data, software, and other research outputs, and the links between them, and (3) strengthen the relationship of European OA infrastructures with other regions of the world, in particular Latin America and the U.S. Through these efforts OpenAIRE2020 will truly support and accelerate Open Science and Scholarship, of which Open Access is of fundamental importance.
OpenAIRE2020 continues and extends OpenAIRE’s scholarly communication infrastructure to manage and monitor the outcomes of EC-funded research. It combines its substantial networking capacities and technical capabilities to deliver a robust infrastructure offering support for the Open Access policies in Horizon 2020, via a range of pan-European outreach activities and a suite of services for key stakeholders. It provides researcher support and services for the Open Data Pilot and investigates its legal ramifications. The project offers to national funders the ability to implement OpenAIRE services to monitor research output, whilst new impact measures for research are investigated. OpenAIRE2020 engages with innovative publishing and data initiatives via studies and pilots. By liaising with global infrastructures, it ensures international interoperability of repositories and their valuable OA contents.
To ensure sustainability and long-term health for the overall OpenAIRE infrastructure, the proposed OpenAIRE2020 project will establish itself as a legal entity, which will manage the production-level responsibilities securing 24/7 reliability and continuity to all relevant user groups, data providers and other stakeholders.
The French Revolution: faith, desire, and politics

Chapter 1: Religious Culture, Popular Culture: Life in Old Regime France Chapter 2: The Liberal Revolution of 1789 (Spring 1789-Spring 1790) Chapter 3: The Civil Constitution of the Clergy (Summer 1790-Winter 1791) Chapter 4: The King's Flight and the Decline of the French Monarchy (Summer 1791-Summer 1792) Chapter 5: The End of the Monarchy and the September Massacres (Summer 1792-Fall 1792) Chapter 6: The New French Republic and its Rivalries (Winter 1793-Summer 1793) Chapter 7: The Federalist Revolt, the Vendee, and the Start of the Terror (Summer 1793-Fall 1793) Chapter 8: The Reign of Terror (Winter 1794-Summer 1794) Chapter 9: The Fall of Robespierre and the Return to Normalcy (Fall 1794-1800)
ALKENYL-CO-MALEIMIDE/DIENE RUBBER COMPOSITION

A process for forming a diene rubber-grafted centipede polymer includes reacting an amine with a copolymer including maleimide- and alkenyl-derived units. The amine includes at least one functional group capable of grafting to a diene rubber. The copolymer is co-cured with a diene rubber to form the grafted centipede polymer.
European programme for the establishment of validated procedures for the detection and identification of biological toxins

Recent incidents in Europe and worldwide have threatened civil society by the attempted use of different biological toxins and have thereby shown that increased vigilance and adequate preparation is of increasing importance in a world facing growing risks of man-made disasters. Previous studies which the consortium is well acquainted with showed that there is a lack of robustness in European preparedness for biotoxin incidents. There is a need for standard analytical tools and procedures, reference materials, state-of-the-art training and establishment of a European proficiency testing scheme.

Using current best practice, the EuroBioTox core members will develop and validate improved analytical tools, reagents and standard operating procedures based on realistic incident scenarios. Certified Reference Materials for the threat biotoxins will be developed and, by establishing a European repository, will be made available to the EuroBioTox network including more than 50 European organisations, expert laboratories, industrial partners and end-users. Training courses at basic and advanced levels will be developed and attended by the EuroBioTox network partners, followed by a series of proficiency tests which, through these “outer circle” associates, will disseminate best practice methods across Europe. The current animal test for botulinum neurotoxin is ethically unacceptable and alternative in vitro tests will be evaluated.

After this project there will be a pan-European network of competence, certified reference materials, standard operating procedures and a common way of handling biotoxin incidents.
The ophiucus supernova: post-aristotelian stargazing in the european context (1604-1654)

""The Ophiucus Supernova: Post-Aristotelian Stargazing in the European Context (1604-1654)"" is a research project proposed for a Marie Curie Fellowship by Dr. Matteo Cosci, post-doctoral researcher at the University Ca' Foscari Venice. This research will examine how the unexpected explosion of a supernova in European skies in 1604 (SN 1604 or ""Kepler's supernova"" as it was called) fundamentally affected the development of Renaissance scientific thought from a historical, philosophical and cultural point of view. In fact, for the five decades after its outburst the interpretation of the new star or stella nova was one of the main speculative battlefields where opposing conceptions of the universe collided. The study will be grounded in an extensive set of primary sources and documents assembled by Dr.Cosci and analysed in their entirety for the first time. The first outgoing phase of research will be conducted at the Department of History of Science at University of Oklahoma under the supervision of Prof. Peter Barker, also consulting Dr. Patrick Boner of the Catholic University, Washington D.C . The return phase will take place at the Department of Philosophy and Cultural Heritage at Ca' Foscari under the supervision of Prof. Marco Sgarbi. Moreover, the research will provide data to, and will be assisted by, the Terra-Astronomy research group, based at the University of Jena, Germany, under the supervision of Prof. Ralph Neuhäuser, for assessing the historical supernova's typology and rare features. Results will be presented mainly through a dedicated internet site, a series of peer-reviewed articles in academic journals, and finally a book. The project provides the opportunity to give the proponent additional training for his academic career, to establish collaborations between many research groups working on similar themes in North America and in Europe, and finally to recover and reconsider a neglected chapter of Europen cultural history.
Lie Algebras with a Coalgebra Splitting

In their recent article [5], the authors endow every finite-dimensional simple complex Lie algebra g with a coalgebra structure such that the composition μ◦δ of the two structure maps δ : g −→ g⊗Cg and μ : g⊗C g −→ g coincides with the identity. Moreover, the dual algebra (g∗, δ∗) associated to the Lie coalgebra is isomorphic to (g, μ). The coalgebra map δ is given explicitly for sl(n), those for the other types are obtained via embeddings g ↪→ sl(n). The purpose of the present short note is to elicit the conceptual sources of [5], starting from the observation that the coalgebra maps defined in [5] are in fact homomorphisms of g-modules. For Lie algebras affording non-degenerate symmetric associative forms, such coalgebra maps naturally arise by dualizing the multiplication. This immediately implies the abovementioned duality, and the formulae displayed in [5, §4] can also be subsumed under our general approach. By demanding that δ be g-linear, we depart from the usual compatibility condition of a Lie bialgebra, which requires δ to be a derivation. In that case, μ ◦ δ is a derivation of g. For fields of characteristic zero, only nilpotent Lie algebras afford invertible derivations (cf. [7]), so that non-zero Lie bialgebras over such fields never satisfy μ ◦ δ = idg. Let k be a field. Given a finite-dimensional k-vector space V , we consider the k-linear maps
Lateral Violence in Nursing and the Theory of the Nurse as Wounded Healer

Lateral violence (LV), a deliberate and harmful behavior demonstrated in the workplace by one employee to another, is a significant problem in the nursing profession. The many harmful effects of LV negatively impact both the work environment and the nurse’s ability to deliver optimal patient care. In this article, the authors explain how Conti-O’Hare’s Theory of the Nurse as Wounded Healer can be used in situations of lateral violence to resolve personal and/or professional pain, build therapeutic relationships, and promote positive work environments. A working model of the theory is applied to the experience of LV in nursing to demonstrate the nurse’s path from being the ‘walking wounded’ to becoming a ‘wounded healer.’ Implications of this theory for promoting the process of healing and creating an environment that disenables violence are presented; an example is provided. The authors conclude that both practitioners and managers must be aware of the occurrence of LV and of the need for healing. They note that the ‘journey of the walking wounded’ is an ideal pathway to bring about this healing. As nurses promote health in their patients, they must also promote health in themselves and one another.
Molecular Pathogenesis of Barrett Esophagus

This article focuses on recent findings on the molecular mechanisms involved in esophageal columnar metaplasia. Signaling pathways and their downstream targets activate specific transcription factors leading to the expression of columnar and the more specific intestinal-type of genes, which gives rise to Barrett metaplasia. Several animal models have been generated to validate and study these distinct molecular pathways but also to identify the Barrett progenitor cell. Currently, the many aspects involved in the development of esophageal metaplasia that have been elucidated can serve to develop novel molecular therapies to improve treatment or prevent metaplasia. Nevertheless, several key events are still poorly understood and require further investigation.
Infância Touch Screen: um estudo exploratório sobre o brincar com tablets

Diante da onipresença das tecnologias digitais móveis na vida das crianças, observa-se que são produzidos novos modos pelos quais a criança explora o mundo. Este estudo qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo pretendeu explorar o brincar com os tablets e seus desdobramentos. Participaram do estudo quatro crianças em idade pré-escolar (3 a 6 anos), residentes na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, que faziam uso dos tablets em seu cotidiano. Observações de hora de jogo foram realizadas em três diferentes momentos em uma brinquedoteca. O estudo apontou que a criança prefere o brincar com tablets ao brincar não digital e que ele pode ser importante no desenvolvimento de algumas habilidades cognitivas. Entretanto, devido ao predomínio de um brincar criança-tela, prejuízos no desenvolvimento motor e nas interações interpessoais que acontecem no mundo real podem ser notados. A partir das observações constata-se que o brincar com tablets não se opõe ao brincar não digital, apenas acontece em um outro domínio e se apresenta como um novo e ainda pouco explorado universo representacional, podendo coexistir com outras modalidades de brincar.
The Effect of the Industrial Activities on Air Pollution at Baiji and Its Surrounding Areas, Iraq

The polluters of total suspended particles (TSP) and some heavy metals (Cd, Co, and Ni) concentrations were studied in the areas of Al-Fatha, Al-Alam and Baiji, Iraq. These concentrations were measured for selected 22 sample locations for two periods, January and July 2013. The analyzed values of (TSP) and (Cd) exceeded the limits of Iraqi National and the World Health Organization (WHO) for the two periods. Also, (Ni) values exceeded the limits for July only, while (Co) values were under the limits for the two periods. The difference between the two periods reflects the effect of the wind speed and direction, rainfall, and the intensity of the dust storms during the two months, respectively. GIS technique makes optimal predictions possible by examining the relationships between all the sample points and producing a continuous surface of polluter’s concentration. Therefore, GIS was used to produce predictions and probabilities maps for the critical polluter values in the study area.
High-Performance Defunctionalisation in Futhark

General-purpose massively parallel processors, such as GPUs, have become common, but are difficult to program. Pure functional programming can be a solution, as it guarantees referential transparency, and provides useful combinators for expressing data-parallel computations. Unfortunately, higher-order functions cannot be efficiently implemented on GPUs by the usual means. In this paper, we present a defunctionalisation transformation that relies on type-based restrictions on the use of expressions of functional type, such that we can completely eliminate higher-order functions in all cases, without introducing any branching. We prove the correctness of the transformation and discuss its implementation in Futhark, a data-parallel functional language that generates GPU code. The use of these restricted higher-order functions has no impact on run-time performance, and we argue that we gain many of the benefits of general higher-order functions, without in most practical cases being hindered by the restrictions.
Distributed massive mimo for next generation wireless communications

In view of the rapid increase in demand for mobile data services, next generation wireless communication systems will have
to provide greatly increased capacity density and high data rates greater than 50Gbps. However, satisfying these
requirements for increasing numbers of users and connected devices, and increasingly bandwidth, processing power and
energy-hungry applications will require a transformation in the way in which current mobile and wireless networks perform.
Recently, massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology, where each base station (BS) is equipped with a large
number of antenna elements (typically tens or even hundreds) has emerged as a key enabler to achieve a 1000 times data
rate and enormous spectral and energy efficiency. In order for massive MIMO to become a reality, the proposed work aims
to explore transformative methods for the design of innovative techniques in 3 key challenging areas of massive MIMO
communication systems: (i) fundamental limits; (ii), (ii) transmission strategy; and (iii) caching mechanisms. The solution is
achieved with small remote antenna units equipped with compact massive MIMO arrays deployed over certain coverage
regions, and developing practical signalling schemes, network coordination, and management protocols.