SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Highlighting Uncertainty and Recommendations for Improvement of Black Carbon Biomass Fuel-Based Emission Inventories in the Indo-Gangetic Plain Region

Black carbon (BC) is a major contributor to hydrological cycle change and glacial retreat within the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) and surrounding region. However, significant variability exists for estimates of BC regional concentration. Existing inventories within the IGP suffer from limited representation of rural sources, reliance on idealized point source estimates (e.g., utilization of emission factors or fuel-use estimates for cooking along with demographic information), and difficulty in distinguishing sources. Inventory development utilizes two approaches, termed top down and bottom up, which rely on various sources including transport models, emission factors, and remote sensing applications. Large discrepancies exist for BC source attribution throughout the IGP depending on the approach utilized. Cooking with biomass fuels, a major contributor to BC production has great source apportionment variability. Areas requiring attention tied to research of cookstove and biomass fuel use that have been recognized to improve emission inventory estimates include emission factors, particulate matter speciation, and better quantification of regional/economic sectors. However, limited attention has been given towards understanding ambient small-scale spatial variation of BC between cooking and non-cooking periods in low-resource environments. Understanding the indoor to outdoor relationship of BC emissions due to cooking at a local level is a top priority to improve emission inventories as many health and climate applications rely upon utilization of accurate emission inventories.
System dynamics modelling for suicide prevention

Globally, suicide is the second leading cause of death among young people aged 15-29. Many European countries have seen a sustained increase in youth suicide rates in recent years. Despite the deployment of comprehensive and multilevel suicide prevention strategies, we still do not know which suicide prevention interventions, for which groups of young people, for how long, and with what intensity could generate the most significant reductions in youth suicide rates. Therefore, we cannot efficiently and effectively inform decision-making in youth suicide prevention policy, planning and implementation. Current methodological approaches (meta-analyses, regression models) for synthesizing and operationalising research evidence used to inform suicide prevention strategies have limited adequacy and accuracy because they do not: respond to real-time suicide data; account for the interrelationship, interdependence and nonlinearity of suicide risk factors as they operate across multiple levels (e.g. individual, social); consider the influence of factors such as healthcare constraints (access, capacity). SEYMOUR offers a novel paradigm for guiding the efficient and effective deployment of national and global youth suicide prevention strategies through the use of system dynamics modelling (SDM). SEYMOUR will develop and evaluate a novel SDM that will demonstrate which suicide prevention interventions could generate the most significant reductions in suicide rates among young people aged 12-25. This will include an implementation blueprint to facilitate the transferability, internationalisation and adoption of the SDM as a decision-making tool in youth suicide prevention policy and practice in Europe and globally. The conceptualisation, formulation, testing of the SDM; and, development of an implementation blueprint will take place during Years 1 and 2 at UoM. The validation of SDM in the UK and adaptation of the implementation strategy (WP4) will take place during Year 3.
Plausible role of naringenin against cerebrally implanted C6 glioma cells in rats

Gliomas encompass a significant percentage of intrinsic neoplasms of the central nervous system in both adults and children. The constitutive activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B is the hallmark of glioma. The up-regulated protein kinase B could influence the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, an indicator of aggressive glioma. The present study was embarked to demonstrate the effect of naringenin (50 mg/kg bw for 30 days administrated orally) on PI3K, protein kinase B, and cyclooxygenase-2 in cerebrally implanted rat C6 glioma model. After the experimental period of 30 days, the animals were sacrificed and excised brain tissues were subjected to study the expressions of PI3K, protein kinase B, and cyclooxygenase-2 by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction followed Western blot analysis. The activity of COX-2 (production of prostaglandin-E2) was also determined by high pressure liquid chromatography. The results showed that the naringenin could down-regulate the expressions of PI3K and protein kinase B along with activity and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in C6 glioma cells implanted rat brain. In conclusion, it can be argued that the reduced expressions of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B in naringenin-treated glioma-induced rat brain might be involved in the down-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression and activity. Thus, fine-tuned investigation of which will be helpful for targeted drug discovery against glioma.
Higher co-dimension singularities: minimal surfaces and the thin obstacle problem

Singular solutions to variational problems and to partial differential equations are naturally ubiquitous in many contexts, and among these minimal surfaces theory and free boundary problems are two prominent examples both for their  analytical content and their physical interest.
A crucial aspect in this regard is the co-dimension of the objects under consideration: indeed, many of the analytical and geometric principles which are valid for minimal hypersurfaces or regular points of the free boundary do not apply to higher co-dimension surfaces or singular free boundary points.

The aim of this project is to investigate some of the most compelling questions about the singularities of two classical problems in the geometric calculus of variations in higher co-dimension:

I. Mass-minimizing integer rectifiable currents, i.e. solutions to the Plateau problem of finding the surfaces of least area, attacking specific conjectures about the structure of the singular set, most prominently the boundedness of its measure.

II. The thin obstacle problem, consisting in minimizing the Dirichlet energy (or a variant of it) among functions constrained above an obstacle that is assigned on a lower dimensional space, with the purpose of answering some of the main open questions on the singular free boundary points.

The main unifying theme of the project is the central role played by geometric measure theory, which underlines various common aspects of these two problems and makes them suited to be treated in an unified framework.
Although these are classical questions with a long tradition, our knowledge about them is still limited and their investigation is among the most challenging issues in regularity theory. This is the central focus of the project, with the final goal to develop suitable analytical techniques that provides valuable insights on the mathematics at the basis of higher co-dimension singularities, eventually fruitful in other geometric and analytical settings.
Mobile Assessment Guide for Research in Schizophrenia and Severe Mental Disorders

Mobile assessment techniques have been used for nearly 3 decades in mental health research, including in investigations of individuals with schizophrenia and other severe disorders. This article reviews the benefits of these data collection strategies relative to traditional self-report or clinician-administered measures administered in hospital or laboratory settings. A detailed discussion of the technical decisions facing researchers in the field is then presented, covering study design issues, questionnaire content development, and choices in hardware and software selection. Following these points, sample recruitment and retention strategies are discussed, as well as the main statistical issues that are necessary to consider in the exploitation of repeated measures data generated by this methodology.
Massive quiescent galaxies at z > 3 in the Millennium simulation populated by a semi-analytic galaxy formation model

We take advantage of the statistical power of the large-volume dark-matter-only Millennium simulation, combined with a sophisticated semi-analytic galaxy formation model, to explore whether the recently reported $z=3.7$ quiescent galaxy ZF-COSMOS-20115 (ZF; Glazebrook et al. 2017) can be accommodated in current galaxy formation models. In our model, a population of quiescent galaxies (QGs) with stellar masses and star formation rates comparable to those of ZF naturally emerges at redshifts $z<4$. There are two and five ZF analogues at the redshift $3.86$ and $3.58$ in the Millennium simulation volume, respectively. We demonstrate that, while the $z>3.5$ massive QGs are rare (about 2\% of the galaxies with the similar stellar masses), the existing AGN feedback model implemented in the semi-analytic galaxy formation model can successfully explain the formation of the high-redshift QGs as it does on their lower redshift counterparts.
Surrogation and the politics of remembering slavery in Savannah, Georgia (USA)

Abstract There are growing calls from some African Americans, particularly in the U.S. South, to create sites of counter-memory that recognize the often forgotten historical struggles and contributions of the enslaved. Commemoration of slavery is not only a contentious issue for whites but also African Americans, who differ with each other over how best (or even whether) to narrate these difficult memories. Few geographers have explored the politics of remembering slavery among African Americans and how these struggles shape the commemorative landscape. I explore the efforts of Abigail Jordan to establish a monument to the enslaved in Savannah, Georgia (USA) and the ensuing public debate that took place over the appropriateness of inscribing the monument with a description of the inhumanity found on slave ships during the Middle Passage. Led by two outspoken black officials, Savannah's city council refused to give final approval for the monument until the inscription was revised to end on a more optimistic note. An analysis of public comments made about the Savannah monument reveals that the inscription debate served as an arena for multiple ideas about how best to represent African Americans as victims of slavery, the legacy of racism and slavery in contemporary America, as well as conflicting personal and political visions within the black community. In interpreting the Savannah case, I suggest that the politics of remembering slavery be examined in terms of surrogation, the search for a suitable commemorative stand in for the enslaved, and textual politics, the recognition that the words used to represent slavery are at the heart of the struggle to remember (or forget) the trauma of enslavement.
Regions for Better Broadband connection

B3 Regions aims to improve the effectiveness of regional development policies in the Information Society area, by optimising the expert partners' good practices (mainly achieved through Structural Funds Plans 2000-2006) that are related to broadband implementation in disadvantaged areas.
This capitalisation process will be achieved thanks to two main activites:
1. A transfer process which aims to share and structure in a harmonised way all the Broadband experiences around specific sub-themes (such as demand aggregation, state aid regulation) and that, through  a specific Action Plan Support Tool will help the Managing Authorities involved to develop  strategic action plans through Operational Programmes (OPs) 2007-2013.
2. A dissemination process that will spread the benefits achieved among the consortium to external stakeholders and that will particularly target Managing authorities and ICT agencies willing to implement successful Broadband strategies through structural funds.
The consortium represents 8 different Member States: 4 old MS (Italy, United Kingdom, Greece, and Spain) and 4 new MS (Poland, Cyprus, Bulgaria and Hungary). Among the partners there are 8 Regional Managing Authorities (MAs), 5 ICT implementing Agencies, 1 Local authority and 2 ICT University Departments. The partnership composition reflects the willingness of matching less experienced with more advanced regions with regard to Broadband implementation through Structural Funds in remote and rural areas. Moreover all the Managing authorities involved have already foreseen Broadband projects in their Operational Programme 2007-2013 and will proceed to their planning phases supported by B3 Regions results.
After its 24 months duration, B3 Regions will contribute to economic modernisation and increased competitiveness of Europe by having enabled the exchange of experience in a strategic domain of the regional development policy (the Information Society), thus having ensured that the identified good practices have been transferred into mainstream programmes.
Effect of eggshell temperature and a hole in the air cell on the perinatal development and physiology of layer hatchlings

To investigate the effect of incubation conditions on layer hatchlings, an experiment was performed in which layer eggs were incubated at a normal (37.8 degrees C) or high (38.9 degrees C) eggshell temperature (EST) and a hole was punctured in the air cell of half of the eggs in both EST treatments from d 14 of incubation onward. Chick development, plasma metabolites, and hepatic glycogen were measured at 12 h after emergence from the eggshell. Embryo mortality was not affected by the EST or hole treatment. At the high EST, yolk-free body mass was 0.7 g lower and residual yolk weight was 0.7 g higher than at the normal EST. This may be related to the shorter incubation duration at the high EST. Relative heart, lung, stomach, liver, spleen, and intestinal weights were lower in the high EST than in the normal EST group. Yolk-free body mass did not differ between eggs with or without a hole, but residual yolk weight was slightly lower in eggs with a hole (0.3 g). Relative lung weights were higher in eggs with than without a hole, whereas no effect on other organs was found. Plasma glucose, lactate, and uric acid concentrations did not differ between the EST or hole treatments. Hepatic glycogen was lower in the high EST (7.3 mg) than in the normal EST group (11.2 mg) at 12 h after emergence from the eggshell, and this effect may be related to the shorter hatching process at the high EST. Hepatic glycogen levels were lower in eggs with a hole (8.6 mg) compared with eggs without a hole (10.0 mg), and this may be related to the longer period between external pipping and hatching in eggs with a hole. In conclusion, the EST and hole treatment did not interact, and neither treatments affected embryonic survival. High EST negatively affected hatchling development and seemed to change the carbohydrate metabolism in layer embryos. The effect of a hole in the air cell was limited.
Thermosyphon heat-pipe evacuated tube solar water heaters for northern maritime climates

Abstract Under transient climatic conditions previous research has reported that evacuated tube solar water heaters (ETSWHs) with heat-pipe absorbers are the most effective solution for collection of solar energy. The cost of such systems is greater than the mass produced “water in glass” evacuated tube solar water heater mainly manufactured in China. Previous studies have reported that the costs of solar water heating can be reduced through the adoption of thermosyphon fluid circulation. Well designed thermosyphon systems are as effective as pumped systems but with lower capital and running costs. To investigate if costs could be reduced and performance levels maintained, outdoor testing of three thermosyphon heat-pipe ETSWHs primarily designed for pumped fluid circulation was carried out under a northern maritime climate. Experimental data from a year’s side by side monitoring of two thermosyphon ETSWHs (both with the same area of 2 m2) was collected and used to validate a correlation based on a modified version of the f-chart design tool between the observed and expected performance for both systems. The R2 value between measured and predicted monthly solar fractions was greater than 0.99 for both systems. The R2 value between measured and predicted diurnal solar fractions was calculated as greater than 0.95 for both systems. The only difference between the two was that one utilised internal heat-pipe condensers whilst the other used external ones. The system with internal condensers was found to be 17% more efficient. A simplifying assumption of a constant temperature rise across the collectors reduced the calculations required to predict the performance of thermosyphon heat-pipe ETSWHs and was also statistically significant. To determine if the assumption was valid for other thermosyphon heat-pipe ETSWHs with different collector parameters a third system with internal condensers an area of 3 m2, a heat removal factor (FR) of 0.816 based on the absorber area and a collector loss coefficient (FRUL) of 2.25 W m−2 K−1 was assembled and its performance monitored, when the same assumption was applied the R2 value between the measured and predicted daily solar fractions was calculated as 0.96 experimentally demonstrating that this relationship was still statistically significant for another heat-pipe thermosyphon ETSWH with different collector parameters.
Ungewöhnliches Erscheinungsbild einer tamoxifenassoziierten Makulopathie

In approximately 0.6-12% of patients systemic tamoxifen therapy is complicated by ocular toxicity. Classical findings include severe loss of visual acuity combined with crystalline retinal deposits in the macula and macular edema or crystalline deposits in the peripheral retina.We report the case of a 55-year-old female patient with known breast cancer and osseous metastases who presented with bilateral visual loss lasting over 10 months (OD et OS cc 0.2). The patient had received a systemic therapy with tamoxifen (20 mg per day) 7 years ago.The biomicroscopic examination showed a cup-disc-ratio of 0.5 in both eyes due to primary open angle glaucoma. Optic coherence tomography (OCT) of the right eye revealed a cystoid foveal area with focal lamellar disruption of the photoreceptor layer without evidence of macular edema or thickening. The 30-2 Humphrey visual field of the right eye revealed a mean deviation (MD) of 6.2 dB and a glaucoma-specific absolute scotoma without connection to the blind spot. The visual field of the left eye was inconspicuous (MD 1.1 dB). The left eye showed a perifoveolar area of increased autofluorescence where there was a slight increase of staining in the early phase of fluorescein angiography. The full-field electroretinography was inconspicuous for both eyes.Although tamoxifen-associated retinopathy is a rare complication of breast cancer therapy it is one of the primary differential diagnoses in a patient presenting with loss of visual acuity and a history of a long standing tamoxifen therapy. Because of the rareness of this disease there are classical examples of tamoxifen-associated ocular toxicity in the literature, but also transient forms which complicate the differential diagnosis. The differentiation from carcinoma-associated retinopathy is particularly important because of the different therapeutic options
Improving the economic feasibility of the biorefinery through catalysis engineering: enhancing the catalyst performance and optimizing valuable product yields

Catalytic pyrolysis of biomass is a process for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to a liquid product that has potential to be utilized as a fuel, a source of renewable chemicals and as an alternative to crude oil for upgrading to transportation fuels. ZSM-5 zeolite is the most studied catalyst for this process due to its acidity and shape-selectivity, which favour the conversion of biomass oxygenates to valuable aromatic hydrocarbons and limit the formation of coke. Among the shortcomings of the ZSM-5 zeolite is the small size of its pores; these small pores do not allow the large molecules in the pyrolysis vapours to access the active acid sites. Secondly, its sensitivity to biomass metals leads to poisoning and deterioration of its selectivity. Coupled with the high cost of the ZSM-5, the later leads to significant operating costs that arise from the necessity to replace the deactivated catalyst with fresh material at high rates.

The objective of this proposal is to investigate and improve on the economics of the process by reduction of catalyst-related operating costs and optimization of catalyst selectivity towards desirable products. This is going to be achieved through utilization of microporous zeolites modified with mesoporosity. Mixed results have been reported with such zeolites in the past. To address this, a suitable experimental procedure will be developed for the systematic study of mesoporosity through assessment of multiple aspects of catalyst performance, such as activity, selectivity, coke suppression and deoxygenation. Increased activity and selectivity is expected to result from increased accessibility of larger molecules to the zeolite acid sites. In order to address the short lifetime of the catalyst, the mechanism of poisoning from biomass metals will also be studied and modification of the catalyst, tentatively with implementation of materials more reactive to biomass metals, will be investigated in order to extend its lifetime.
RELEASE BARRIER FABRICS

A woven fabric substrate is treated with a fluorochemical stain resist agent and thereafter extrusion coated substantially on the back side with a layer of thermoplastic polymeric material so as to yield a final construction which exhibits both fluid and stain resistant properties. The fabric substrate can also be treated with an flame retardant agent, an antistatic agent, and/or an anti-microbial agent.
Compact gasification and synthesis process for transport fuels

The aim of the COMSYN project is to develop a new BTL production concept that will reduce biofuel production cost up to 35 % compared to alternative routes. This means < 0,80 €/l production cost for diesel. The production concept is based on distributed primary conversion of various kinds of biomass residues to intermediate liquid products with small-to-medium scale (10-50 kt/a FT products) units located close to biomass resources. The primary conversion will be integrated to local heat and power production resulting in 80 % energy efficiency in biomass utilization. The FT products will be refined to high quality drop-in liquid transport fuels at existing oil refineries. The novel gasification technology will enable the use of wider feedstock basis than the current gasification processes. In addition to woody residues, the process is able to utilize straw and other agricultural residues, and various waste-derived materials which create new job opportunities and stimulate economy also close to the production sites. The produced FT-wax will be transported to existing large scale oil refinery, which will be gradually converted into biofuel refinery as the number of primary conversion plants increases.

The new technology enables decentralized production of FT-wax. All the LCE-08-2016 call objectives with respect to increased conversion efficiency, significant biofuel cost reduction, diversification of raw material base, reduction of emissions, creation of job opportunities and the flexibility and productivity of industrial processes are met.

COMSYN brings together Participants representing all competences that are needed to fulfil the project objectives. The project consortium uniquely combines top-level European SME and large industrial companies and research institutes. The expertise of all of the partners includes strong engineering, equipment and component manufacturing as well as techno-econom