SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Sintilimab versus placebo in combination with chemotherapy as first line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ORIENT-15): multicentre, randomised, double blind, phase 3 trial

To evaluate sintilimab versus placebo in combination with chemotherapy (cisplatin plus paclitaxel or cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil) as first line treatment of unresectable locally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Multicentre, randomised, double blind, phase 3 trial.66 sites in China and 13 sites outside of China between 14 December 2018 and 9 April 2021.659 adults (aged ≥18 years) with advanced or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma who had not received systemic treatment.Participants were randomised 1:1 to receive sintilimab or placebo (3 mg/kg in patients weighing <60 kg or 200 mg in patients weighing ≥60 kg) in combination with cisplatin 75 mg/m2 plus paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 every three weeks. The trial was amended to allow investigators to choose the chemotherapy regimen: cisplatin plus paclitaxel or cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil (800 mg/m2 continuous infusion on days 1-5).Overall survival in all patients and in patients with combined positive scores of ≥10 for expression of programmed cell death ligand 1.659 patients were randomly assigned to sintilimab (n=327) or placebo (n=332) with chemotherapy. 616 of 659 patients (93%) received sintilimab or placebo in combination with cisplatin plus paclitaxel and 43 of 659 patients (7%) received sintilimab or placebo in combination with cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil. At the interim analysis, sintilimab with chemotherapy showed better overall survival compared with placebo and chemotherapy in all patients (median 16.7 v 12.5 months, hazard ratio 0.63, 95% confidence interval 0.51 to 0.78, P<0.001) and in patients with combined positive scores of ≥10 (17.2 v 13.6 months, 0.64, 0.48 to 0.85, P=0.002). Sintilimab and chemotherapy significantly improved progression free survival compared with placebo and chemotherapy in all patients (7.2 v 5.7 months, 0.56, 0.46 to 0.68, P<0.001) and in patients with combined positive scores of ≥10 (8.3 v 6.4 months, 0.58, 0.45 to 0.75, P<0.001). Adverse events related to treatment occurred in 321 of 327 patients (98%) in the sintilimab-chemotherapy group versus 326 of 332 (98%) patients in the placebo-chemotherapy group. Rates of adverse events related to treatment, grade ≥3, were 60% (196/327) and 55% (181/332) in the sintilimab-chemotherapy and placebo-chemotherapy groups, respectively.Compared with placebo, sintilimab in combination with cisplatin plus paclitaxel showed significant benefits in overall survival and progression free survival as first line treatment in patients with advanced or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Similar benefits of sintilimab with cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil seem promising.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03748134.
Governance and Youth in the Alps

Many EU Countries encounter difficulties in traditional decision-making processes, both institutionally and regarding citizens’ behaviour. In reaction to economic restraints and more and more diverse societies, representative democracy needs to reconsider traditional concepts drawing from positive experiences of other Countries. This requires challenging consolidated approaches to democracy and devoting more attention to issues such as legitimization of decisions by means of citizens’ involvement. The Alpine region faces these challenges. Especially young people feel disconnected from Institutions and are reluctant to express their interests because they feel that their voice does not count. _x000D_
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GaYA aims at increasing the quality of democracy in the Alpine area by enhancing the capacity of decision/policy-makers to involve youth as future leaders in democratic systems. GaYA will increase knowledge about and awareness of decision-making processes among political actors and youth (age 14-25). Youth that feel integral to these processes are more likely to remain in the territories. A common framework through a transnational integrated approach will offer guidelines to public Institutions that address their different needs, contexts, and topics. The outputs will therefore be applicable in the whole territory. _x000D_
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Following a COMPARATIVE REPORT on participatory experiences in the Alps, decision/policy-makers and youth will develop Local Action Plans, which then come together in a transnational PARTICIPATION TOOLKIT of practical methods and tools.In a transnational creative youth Contest, the topic of Youth, Alps & Participation will be interpreted. Decision/policy-makers at all levels of government will benefit from these outputs and they will also be the recipients of final POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS. Youth will be involved through the contest and contribute through participatory activities to the debate, to better understand the complexity of decision-making processes.
Progress of Tracing Paleo-geomagnetic Field from Cosmogenic Nuclide (10)Be in Loess of China

The study of the paleo-geomagnetic tracing using cosmogenic nuclide 10Be derived from the marine and ice core sediments has been widely applied.However,limited by the complexity of loess sources and the process of depositing,the investigation of 10Be in Chinese loess lags behind until mathematical methods were established recent years.The research status of 10Be in Chinese loess is introduced.Three new methods for tracing paleo-geomagnetic field variability are focused: The separation method of established Last Glacial Maximum,the remanence coercivity analysis model and the mean value concept method,which were established to separate climate effects from geomagnetic modulation effects on loess 10Be concentration.The establishment of mathematical methods have resolved the key problem of tracing paleo-geomagnetic field from 10Be in loess of China.
Commonsense and anticipation enriched learning of continuous representations supporting language understanding

Natural language understanding (NLU) by the machine is of large scientific, economic and social value. Humans perform the NLU task in an efficient way by relying on their capability to imagine or anticipate situations. They engage commonsense and world knowledge that is often acquired through perceptual experiences to make explicit what is left implicit in language. Inspired by these characteristics CALCULUS will design, implement and evaluate innovative paradigms supporting NLU, where it will combine old but powerful ideas for language understanding from the early days of artificial intelligence with new approaches from machine learning. The project focuses on the effective learning of anticipatory, continuous, non-symbolic representations of event frames and narrative structures of events that are trained on language and visual data. The grammatical structure of language is grounded in the geometric structure of visual data while embodying aspects of commonsense and world knowledge. The reusable representations are evaluated in a selection of NLU tasks requiring efficient real-time retrieval of the representations and parsing of the targeted written texts. Finally, we will evaluate the inference potential of the anticipatory representations in situations not seen in the training data and when inferring spatial and temporal information in metric real world spaces that is not mentioned in the processed language. The machine learning methods focus on learning latent variable models relying on Bayesian probabilistic models and neural networks and focus on settings with limited training data that are manually annotated. The best models will be integrated in a demonstrator that translates the language of stories to events happening in a 3-D virtual world. The PI has interdisciplinary expertise in natural language processing, joint processing of language and visual data, information retrieval and machine learning needed for the successful realization of the project.
Optical infrared coordination network for astronomy

Europe has become a global leader in optical-near infrared astronomy through excellence in space and ground-based experimental and theoretical research. While the major infrastructures are delivered through major national and multi-national agencies (ESO, ESA) their continuing scientific competitiveness requires a strong community of scientists and technologists distributed across Europe’s nations.
OPTICON has a proven record supporting European astrophysical excellence through development of new technologies, through training of new people, through delivering open access to the best infrastructures, and through strategic planning for future requirements in technology, innovative research methodologies, and trans-national coordination. 
Europe’s scientific excellence depends on continuing effort developing and supporting the distributed expertise across Europe - this is essential to develop and implement new technologies and ensure instrumentation and infrastructures remain cutting edge.
Excellence depends on continuing effort to strengthen and broaden the community, through networking initiatives to include and then consolidate European communities with more limited science expertise.
Excellence builds on training actions to qualify scientists from European communities which lack national access to state of the art research infrastructures to compete successfully for use of the best available facilities.
Excellence depends on access programmes which enable all European scientists to access the best infrastructures needs-blind, purely on competitive merit.
Global competitiveness and the future of the community require early planning of long-term sustainability, awareness of potentially disruptive technologies, and new approaches to the use of national-scale infrastructures under remote or robotic control.
OPTICON will continue to promote this excellence, global competitiveness and long-term strategic planning.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours: ESMO–EURACAN–GENTURIS Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

•This clinical practice guideline provides key recommendations on the management of gastrointestinal stromal tumours.•Recommendations have been agreed following a consensus meeting of representatives from ESMO, EURACAN and GENTURIS.•Authorship includes a multidisciplinary group of experts from several European institutions, India and Japan.•ESCAT scores are given for genomic alterations with actionable drug matches.
Shim-Scaling mental well-being through an automated self-help app

This innovation project aims at developing Shim, an automated self-help app that combines cognitive behavioural techniques with human-like support in a dialog functionality based on language patterns. Built on an ever-growing Mental Map database collecting users’ experiences, activities, insights and emotions, Shim will offer several answer possibilities to every user input matching against existing patterns. By simulating humanlike conversations with minimal technology complexity, Shim can then create sustainable value and be relevant to develop a strong community of people who share knowledge and want to enhance their collective mental well-being. Shim, in fact, focuses on matters and needs that cross-cut any age, gender or nationality group. It initially targets smartphone users with an interest in psychology and self-development that have already tested other mental health and well-being applications before. As a smartphone application, Shim is not constrained by geography, proving certain adaptability to users’ needs while disrupting help-seeking barriers. Shim’s commercial potential stands in the combination of: an initial freemium subscription service that will expand its user base; a low consequent premium fee and a scientific proof of the therapeutic effects that will help to persuade users to become paying customers. The Phase 1 feasibility assessment will help to: validate our business model by demonstrating the demand for a simplified service like Shim and to thoroughly engage with the initial target customers to prove Shim’s benefits. The demonstration and testing of a more humanlike technology will take place in the Phase 2 project.  Eventually, Shim, as a highly engaging  app but yet academically backed, is revolutionising the European mental health sector that up to this moment enlisted only two app varieties: those that are commercially developed but with little supporting evidence and those with academic backing but adopting outdated approaches.
The state of ethical-legal oaths in UK medical practice today: Is it time to look at standardising?

The taking of an ethical-legal oath is a “rite of passage” for many medical practitioners. A 1997 paper noted that half of medical schools in the UK administer an oath. I performed a survey of UK medical schools to see whether these are still used today. An electronic survey was sent to 31 UK medical schools, asking them whether the Hippocratic Oath (in any version) was taken by their medical students; non-respondents were followed up by telephone. Information was obtained from 21 UK medical schools, giving a response rate of 68% (21/31). A total of 18 (86%) institutions use an oath. Ethical-legal oaths are therefore taken in the vast majority of UK medical schools today. However, a great variety are used, and there are advantages in standardisation. My recommendation is that the Standard Medical Oath of the UK (SMOUK) is adopted by all medical schools, and that this is also taken regularly by doctors as part of revalidation.
Metacognition and bilingualism in linguistic and non-linguistic domains

Over the last decades a great deal of studies have been done to explore the cognitive benefits of bilingualism, or to challenge the bilingual advantage in cognitive control. But almost nothing is known about the effect of bilingualism on  metacognition, namely, the ability to monitor one’s own cognitive performance and the outcome of the cognitive processes across different task domains (linguistic and non-linguistic). Metacognitive processing may be influenced by the experience of a given individual in a specific domain. Consequently, bilinguals might display improved metacognitive awareness in tasks that are linguistic in nature. As they have more experience in linguistic tasks, error-detection and monitoring mechanism may be enhanced in bilinguals compared to monolinguals in these sort of tasks. Yet we still lack empirical evidence whether individual experience in language processing can also lead to enhanced metacognitive processing in linguistic domain, and whether it can be transferred to non-linguistic tasks. Building upon preliminary evidence presented in this proposal, this project will address for the first time how the bilingual experience and environment interact with metacognitive processing at both behavioral and neural levels. Within the framework of the proposed project, I plan to address the following questions:
1. How does bilingualism influence metacognitive sensitivity, efficiency and bias in performing linguistic and non-linguistic tasks in visual and auditory modalities?
2. Which brain circuits are involved in metacognitive processing in linguistic (as opposed to non-linguistic tasks), and how they are affected by bilingualism and environment?
To address these issues, I propose a series of behavioral experiments followed by an fMRI study to define the brain networks and substrates involved into metacognitive processing, and to explore how individual differences in long-term experience affect these networks and modulate metacognitive processing.
Shorter Treatment for Nonsevere Tuberculosis in African and Indian Children

Two thirds of children with tuberculosis have nonsevere disease, which may be treatable with a shorter regimen than the current 6-month regimen.We conducted an open-label, treatment-shortening, noninferiority trial involving children with nonsevere, symptomatic, presumably drug-susceptible, smear-negative tuberculosis in Uganda, Zambia, South Africa, and India. Children younger than 16 years of age were randomly assigned to 4 months (16 weeks) or 6 months (24 weeks) of standard first-line antituberculosis treatment with pediatric fixed-dose combinations as recommended by the World Health Organization. The primary efficacy outcome was unfavorable status (composite of treatment failure [extension, change, or restart of treatment or tuberculosis recurrence], loss to follow-up during treatment, or death) by 72 weeks, with the exclusion of participants who did not complete 4 months of treatment (modified intention-to-treat population). A noninferiority margin of 6 percentage points was used. The primary safety outcome was an adverse event of grade 3 or higher during treatment and up to 30 days after treatment.From July 2016 through July 2018, a total of 1204 children underwent randomization (602 in each group). The median age of the participants was 3.5 years (range, 2 months to 15 years), 52% were male, 11% had human immunodeficiency virus infection, and 14% had bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis. Retention by 72 weeks was 95%, and adherence to the assigned treatment was 94%. A total of 16 participants (3%) in the 4-month group had a primary-outcome event, as compared with 18 (3%) in the 6-month group (adjusted difference, -0.4 percentage points; 95% confidence interval, -2.2 to 1.5). The noninferiority of 4 months of treatment was consistent across the intention-to-treat, per-protocol, and key secondary analyses, including when the analysis was restricted to the 958 participants (80%) independently adjudicated to have tuberculosis at baseline. A total of 95 participants (8%) had an adverse event of grade 3 or higher, including 15 adverse drug reactions (11 hepatic events, all but 2 of which occurred within the first 8 weeks, when the treatments were the same in the two groups).Four months of antituberculosis treatment was noninferior to 6 months of treatment in children with drug-susceptible, nonsevere, smear-negative tuberculosis. (Funded by the U.K. Medical Research Council and others; SHINE ISRCTN number, ISRCTN63579542.).
POWER ADAPTER ASSEMBLY AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

A power adapter assembly and an electrical system. The power adapter assembly is operable to supply power to an electrical device. The power adapter assembly includes a power box including a housing, an electrical circuit supported by the housing, the electrical circuit being operable to receive as input AC power and to output DC power, an adapter controller operable to control the adapter assembly; and an adapter electrically connected to the power box, the adapter including an adapter engagement portion connectable to a device engagement portion to connect the adapter to the electrical device, DC power being output from the electrical circuit through the adapter to the electrical device to power the load, when the adapter engagement portion is connected to the device engagement portion, a communication interface between the adapter assembly and the electrical device being active even when power is not being output to power the load.
EuregioFamilyPass: unlimited advantages/services/offers for families in the European region Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino

Family policies are the focus of attention in Tyrol, South Tyrol and Trentino. Significant efforts have been made in recent years to create adequate conditions for the development of the family as the key of society. Measures have been carried out in the field of social security and childcare services, as well initiatives aimed at guaranteeing families an easy access to recreational facilities, mobility services, shopping, etc. For this purpose, over the last few years each one of the three territories has introduced its own family card. In the framework of the EuregioFamilyPass project, shared approaches are developed in order to further strengthen family policies by integrating existing family card systems into a single EuregioFamilyPass. This allows Euregio families to benefit from additional advantages across the entire Euregio area. This will increase mobility of entire families, while making national and regional boundaries therefore irrelevant.
CURRENT CONTROLLED COMMUNICATION BUS SLAVE DEVICE POWER SUPPLY

A slave device power supply (PS) is disclosed for a two-wire current controlled communication bus (CB) with a variable bus voltage (Vbus). A slave device (SD) is arranged to draw a constant slave current (Islave) from the current controlled communication bus (CB) and provide slave device functions. The slave device (SD) comprises a slave device power supply (PS) comprising an energy storage (ES) arranged to power the slave device functions, and a charger (CH) for charging the energy storage (ES) from the constant slave current (Islave), thereby affecting a charge voltage (Vchrg). The charger (CH) comprises an overflow circuit (OC) arranged to draw excess charge current (Ivent) from the constant slave current (Islave). The overflow circuit (OC) is arranged to draw the excess charge current (Ivent) when a relationship between the charge voltage (Vchrg) and the variable bus voltage (Vbus) fulfils a predetermined overflow criterion.
Vascular Inward Rectifier K<sup>+</sup>Channels as External K<sup>+</sup>Sensors in the Control of Cerebral Blood Flow

For decades it has been known that external K+ ions are rapid and potent vasodilators that increase CBF. Recent studies have implicated the local release of K+ from astrocytic endfeet—which encase the entirety of the parenchymal vasculature—in the dynamic regulation of local CBF during NVC. It has been proposed that the activation of KIR channels in the vascular wall by external K+ is a central component of these hyperemic responses; however, a number of significant gaps in our knowledge remain. Here, we explore the concept that vascular KIR channels are the major extracellular K+ sensors in the control of CBF. We propose that K+ is an ideal mediator of NVC, and discuss KIR channels as effectors that produce rapid hyperpolarization and robust vasodilation of cerebral arterioles. We provide evidence that KIR channels, of the KIR2 subtype in particular, are present in both the endothelial and SM cells of parenchymal arterioles and propose that this dual positioning of KIR2 channels increases the robustness of the vasodilation to external K+, enables the endothelium to be actively engaged in NVC, and permits electrical signaling through the endothelial syncytium to promote upstream vasodilation to modulate CBF.