SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Properties of a polaron in a quantum dot: a squeezed-state variational approach

The ground-state energy and the average number of virtual phonons around the electron in a parabolic quantum dot for the entire range of the electron-phonon coupling constant are obtained using the single-mode squeezed-state variational approach. The variational approach we applied is based on two successive canonical transformations and using a displaced-oscillator type unitary transformation to deal with the bilinear terms which are usually neglected. In order to study the relationship between the ground-state energy and the average number of virtual phonons around the electron of a polaron in a parabolic quantum dot with the electron-LO-phonon coupling constant and the confinement length, numerical calculations are carried out in the electron-LO-phonon strong- and weak-coupling regions. In this paper, we study the properties of a polaron confined in a three-dimensional parabolic QD in the overall range of the coupling constant .The electron is trapped in a parabolic poten- tial and we only take into account the coupling with the bulk LO phonon. The ground-state energy and the average number of virtual phonons around the electron are calculated by the squeezed-state variational approach. Our variational approach is based on two successive canonical transformations. One is a displaced-oscillator type unitary transformation to diagonalize the relevant Frohlich Hamiltonian. The other is a single-mode squeezed-state transformation which is used to deal with the bilinear terms of phonon creation and annihilation operators arising from the first transformation. In numerical results, we discuss the relationship of the ground-state energy and the av- erage number of virtual phonons around the electron on the electron-LO-phonon coupling constant and the confinement length compared to the results using the FH and LLPH ap- proaches.
Properties of selected mutations and genotypic landscapes under Fisher's geometric model

The fitness landscape-the mapping between genotypes and fitness-determines properties of the process of adaptation. Several small genotypic fitness landscapes have recently been built by selecting a handful of beneficial mutations and measuring fitness of all combinations of these mutations. Here, we generate several testable predictions for the properties of these small genotypic landscapes under Fisher's geometric model of adaptation. When the ancestral strain is far from the fitness optimum, we analytically compute the fitness effect of selected mutations and their epistatic interactions. Epistasis may be negative or positive on average depending on the distance of the ancestral genotype to the optimum and whether mutations were independently selected, or coselected in an adaptive walk. Simulations show that genotypic landscapes built from Fisher's model are very close to an additive landscape when the ancestral strain is far from the optimum. However, when it is close to the optimum, a large diversity of landscape with substantial roughness and sign epistasis emerged. Strikingly, small genotypic landscapes built from several replicate adaptive walks on the same underlying landscape were highly variable, suggesting that several realizations of small genotypic landscapes are needed to gain information about the underlying architecture of the fitness landscape.
Estimates of greenhouse gas and black carbon emissions from a major Australian wildfire with high spatiotemporal resolution

Estimates of greenhouse gases and particulate emissions are made with a high spatiotemporal resolution from the Kilmore East fire in Victoria, Australia, which burnt approximately 100,000 ha over a 12 h period. Altogether, 10,175 Gigagrams (Gg) of CO2 equivalent (CO2-e) emissions occurred, with CO2 (∼68%) being the dominant chemical species emitted followed by CH4 (∼17%) and black carbon (BC) (∼15%). About 63% of total CO2-e emissions were estimated to be from coarse woody debris, 22% were from surface fuels, 7% from bark, 6% from elevated fuels, and less than 2% from tree crown consumption. To assess the quality of our emissions estimates, we compared our results with previous estimates which used the Global Fire Emissions Database version 3.1 (GFEDv3.1) and the Fire INventory from the National Center for Atmospheric Research version 1.0 (FINNv1), as well as Australia's National Inventory System (and its revision). The uncertainty in emission estimates was addressed using truncated Monte Carlo analysis, which derived a probability density function for total emissions from the uncertainties in each input. The distribution of emission estimates from Monte Carlo analysis was lognormal with a mean of 10,355 Gigagrams (Gg) and a ±1 standard deviation (σ) uncertainty range of 7260–13,450 Gg. Results were in good agreement with the global data sets (when using the same burnt area), although they predicted lower total emissions by 15–37% due to underestimating fuel consumed. Emissions estimates can be improved by obtaining better estimates of fuel consumed and BC emission factors. Overall, this study presents a methodological template for high-resolution emissions accounting and its uncertainty, enabling a step toward process-based emissions accounting to be achieved.
An efficient and accurate algebraic interface capturing method for unstructured grids in 2 and 3 dimensions: The THINC method with quadratic surface representation

SUMMARY
We present in this paper an efficient and accurate volume of fluid (VOF) type scheme to compute moving interfaces on unstructured grids with arbitrary quadrilateral mesh elements in 2D and hexahedral elements in 3D. Being an extension of the multi-dimensional tangent of hyperbola interface capturing (THINC) reconstruction proposed by the authors in Cartesian grid, an algebraic VOF scheme is devised for arbitrary quadrilateral and hexahedral elements. The interface is cell-wisely approximated by a quadratic surface, which substantially improves the numerical accuracy. The same as the other THINC type schemes, the present method does not require the explicit geometric representation of the interface when computing numerical fluxes and thus is very computationally efficient and straightforward in implementation. The proposed scheme has been verified by benchmark tests, which reveal that this scheme is able to produce high-quality numerical solutions of moving interfaces in unstructured grids and thus a practical method for interfacial multi-phase flow simulations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pricing of innate and discretionary accruals in Australian debt

This paper addresses the conflicting evidence on the role of accruals in debt pricing. We show that the two subcomponents of accruals quality, innate and discretionary accruals, both impact the debt pricing. Higher innate accruals increases cost of debt, consistent with the prior evidence (Francis et al., 2005; Gray et al., 2009). However, we also find that higher discretionary accruals reduce the cost of debt. This contrasts with the prior evidence of a positive association between discretionary accruals and cost and debt (Francis et al., 2005), and no association (Gray et al., 2009). We show that noisy measurement of cost of debt reconciles these results.
Complexation of cyclofrunctans with transition metal ions studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and collision-induced dissociation

Abstract Interactions between transition metal ions (Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ ) and cyclofrunctans (CFs) in different solvents were investigated using positive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). ESI mass spectral analysis revealed that the 1:1 complexes were formed stably in ion trap and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers (or in solution). The transition metal ion affinities of CFs were influenced by different solvents. In methanol and acetone, the complexation of CFs with transition metal ions was weak and the complexes of CFs with alkali metal ions were dominant. In contrast, the complexes of CFs with transition metal ions were the most abundant species in the presence of acetonitrile. The stability of inclusion complexes between cyclofructans and transition metal ions were tested by collision-induced dissociation through determining the CE 50 values. The gas phase stability of cyclofructans in binding with transition metal cations was found to be in the order of Ni 2+  > Fe 2+  > Co 2+  > Zn 2+  > Cu 2+ , which did not follow the size of ionic radius. An experimental approach based on ESI-MS is therefore established to study the host–guest interactions between cyclofructans and transition metal ions.
Effect of Repetitive, Subconcussive Impacts on Electrophysiological Measures of Attention

In this preliminary study, the auditory P3b response, when measured during a visually distracting task, was investigated as an index of change in cognitive function resulting from exposure to subconcussive impacts (SCIs) in collision sports over time.Both pre- and postseason P3b responses were examined in seven first-year collegiate-level American football players. Comparisons were made between a group of seven third- and fourth-year players and a control group of seven noncontact athletes.No difference in P3b amplitude was revealed in pre- versus postseason data of the first-year players. Furthermore, no P3b amplitude differences were found when comparing first-year players with controls. P3b amplitudes of third- and fourth-year players versus first-year players were smaller along the midline electrode sites.Preliminary results suggest exposure to SCIs during the course of a season does not affect brain function negatively, as measured by the P3b response; however, differences between first-year players and the group of third- and fourth-year players suggest that exposure to hundreds of SCIs in multiple seasons leads to changes in brain activation patterns. Subtle effects such as difficulty with attentional resource allocation may develop. Longitudinal studies are necessary before definitive conclusions can be drawn.
Atelier European Fortresses - Powering Local Sustainable Development

The historic environment of Europe is one of its greatest assets and an effective means of reconciling the needs of citizens, economy, community, environment, and society at large: But we cannot take it for granted! Our built heritage is valuable and vulnerable and securing its benefits now and in the future demands focussed action and investment from society, the heritage sector, and above all, the public authorities.
Aware of these possibilities and challenges, New Dutch Waterline proposed the AT FORT project outline to significant European fortified heritage sites who share the firm belief that preservation of these sites, coupled with their economic exploitation can only be achieved by creative, mutual thinking, building on an exchange of experiences.
AT FORT partners have set the OVERALL OBJECTIVE ‘to facilitate the adaptive re-use of fortified heritage sites by exploring solutions for successful approaches and methods to deal with enabling conditions and to create
better frameworks for their exploitation'.
Partners identified common fields of challenges that represent bottlenecks for the effective exploitation of these cultural values and defined 3 SUB-OBJECTIVES corresponding to the problem areas. They will work to: 
1. Identify and further improve solutions and tools dealing with crucial enabling conditions of the adaptive re-use of fortified heritage sites
2. Identify and investigate the transferability potential of various existing redevelopment models for multifunctional use of fortified heritage sites
3. Elaborate effective (workable) governance models taking into account innovative PPP solutions, legal issues, models for branding
Objectives are accomplished by the integrated ”Conservation through development” approach, involvement of relevant stakeholders and capitalizing on partners’ experiences. 
The OUTPUTS of At Fort ACTIONS will directly contribute to the achievement of these objectives through the following MAIN PROJECT RESULTS:
SELF ANALYSIS REPORTS reflecting the status quo and results achieved in each region
A MATRIX OF GOOD PRACTICES identified
GOOD PRACTICE TRANSFER VISITS (Ateliers) exploring possibilities of transfers
A TOOLKIT, which is a collection of good strategies for the sustainable exploitation of fortified heritage sites
IMPLEMENTATION PLANS for each partner region, describing the future actions planned to ensure that benefits of the exchange are not lost.
POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS targeted to the local and regional level.

The At Fort PARTNERSHIP includes 11 partners, representing 7 old and 4 new MS. Partners are local and regional authorities, public bodies and knowledge institutes with experience in the field of cultural heritage and with capacity to ensure direct continuity of the project results.
Roles and task are distributed between the partners in a balan+A3155ced way, building on their existing experience and transferable know how, and exploiting complementarities in the best possible way.
Transposable elements, their controllers and the genesis of human-specific transcriptional networks

Transposable elements (TEs) account for more than two thirds of the human genome. They can inactivate
genes, provide novel coding functions, sprinkle chromosomes with recombination-prone repetitive
sequences, and modulate cellular gene expression through a wide variety of transcriptional and
posttranscriptional influences. As a consequence, TEs are considered as essential motors of evolution yet
they are occasionally associated with disease, causing about one hundred Mendelian disorders and possibly
contributing to several human cancers. As expected for such genomic threats, TEs are subjected to tight
epigenetic control imposed from the very first days of embryogenesis, in part owing to their recognition by
sequence-specific RNA- and protein-based repressors. It is generally considered that the evolutionary
selection of these TE controllers reflects a simple host-pathogen arms race, and that their action results in the
early and permanent silencing of their targets. We have recently uncovered new evolutionary evidence and
obtained genomic and functional data that invalidate this dual assumption, and suggest instead that
transposable elements and their epigenetic controllers establish species-specific transcriptional networks that
play critical roles in human development and physiology. The general objective of the present proposal is to
explore the breadth of this phenomenon, to decipher its mechanisms, to unveil its functional implications,
and to probe how this knowledge could be exploited for basic research, biotechnology and clinical medicine.
Semiautomatic segmentation of atherosclerotic carotid artery lumen using 3D ultrasound imaging

Carotid atherosclerosis is a major cause of stroke. Imaging and monitoring plaque progression in 3D can better classify
disease severity and potentially identify plaque vulnerability to rupture. In this study we propose to validate a new
semiautomatic carotid lumen segmentation algorithm based on 3D ultrasound imaging that is designed to work in the
presence of poor boundary contrast and complex 3D lumen geometries. Our algorithm uses a distance regularized level
set evolution with a novel initialization and stopping criteria to localize the lumen-intima boundary (LIB). The external
energy used in the level set method is a combination of region-based and edge-based energy. Initialization of LIB
segmentation is first done in the longitudinal slice where the geometry of the carotid bifurcation is best visualized and
then reconstructed in the cross sectional slice to guide the 3D initialization. Manual initialization of the contour is done
only on the starting slice of the common carotid, bifurcation, and internal and external carotid arteries. Initialization of the
other slices is done by eroding segmentation of previous slices. The user also initializes the boundary points for every
slice. A combination of changes in the modified Hausdorff distance (MHD) between contours at successive iterations
and a stopping boundary formed from initial boundary points is used as a stopping criterion to avoid over- or under-segmentation.
The proposed algorithm is evaluated against manually segmented boundaries by calculating dice
similarity coefficient (DSC), HD and MHD in the common carotid (C), carotid bulb (B) and internal carotid (I) regions
to get a better understanding of accuracy?. Results from five subjects with <50% carotid stenosis showed good
agreement with manual segmentation; between the semiautomatic algorithm and manuals: DSC (C: 86.49± 9.38, B:
82.21±8.49, I: 78.96±7.55), MHD (C: 3.79 ± 1.64, B: 4.09 ± 1.71, I: 4.12 ± 2.01), HD (C: 8.07±2.59, B: 10.09±3.95, I:
11.28±5.06); and inter observers: DSC (C: 88.31±5, B: 82.45±7.57, I: 82.03±8.83), MHD (C: 3.77±2.09, B: 4.32±1.88, I:
4.56±2.24), HD (C: 7.61±2.67, B: 10.22±4.30, I: 10.63±4.94). This method is a first step towards achieving full 3D
characterization of plaque progression, and is currently being evaluated in a longitudinal study of asymptomatic carotid
stenosis.
Quality Network on Sustainable Tourism PLUS

The QNeST PLUS project intends to further disseminate the results achieved by the QNeST project, financed as part of the ADRION 1st call for proposals. By creating a common brand, it has supported strong cooperation among policy makers and tourism operators in the Adriatic-Ionian (AI) region with the aim of identifying and launching common cultural routes deemed important to the area. The main objectives of QNeST Plus are the promotion of highly experiential tourism, able to properly fulfil the potential of Adriatic – Ionian cultural heritage via the creation of sustainable quality products. To achieve this aim, the project will reinforce the promotion of the following four routes: Wine and Olive Oil Routes, based on agricultural traditions; Routes of Merchants, Pilgrims and Travellers, with a historic character; Stone Routes, connected to landscape features and cultural and artistic heritage; and Water Routes, based on natural assets. The focus will be on specific topics considered valuable for effectively supporting quality sustainable tourism:
-the ability to preserve and properly exploit intangible cultural heritage, with particular reference to traditional crafts;
-the capacity to protect environmental assets and adapt them sustainably for economic purposes;
-promotional activities linked to the Mediterranean Diet (in particular the production processes associated with olive oil and wine);
-the provision of local and transnational services in the context of seasonally adjusted tourism in coastal and inland areas;
-networking and the uptake of innovation.
In addition, the QNeST Plus project will also encourage partnership and cooperation among contiguous EUSAIR regions in order to create an integrated regional tourism system. In order to reinforce the QNeST network and routes and to improve the “edutainment” experience for tourists, the QNeST platform, a strategic IT tool with which to reach the widest possible audience for the created brand, will be upgraded and updated.
Meetings, international events, videos and training material are also planned. As part of these events, special attention will be paid to raising awareness among regional stakeholders regarding sustainable tourism issues and the role played by European regional cooperation in launching natural and cultural heritage routes in the AI region as an engine for post Covid-19 sustainable tourism regeneration.
Feasibility Study on Using Jacket Structure as Natural Grounding Electrode for Offshore Wind Turbines

As energy issues become increasingly prominent, the offshore wind power is becoming an important topic of the world's renewable energy research. There are still a lot of works to do in offshore wind power field in China. The grounding network structure of offshore wind turbines is different from the one on land as it usually uses its' structure as natural grounding. Regarding the grounding of offshore wind turbines, a simulation model of the jacket structure as the grounding device is established in this paper. Every conductor of this model is divided into several segments, and the Green's function of each segment is solved with complex image method. Finally, the grounding impedance can be obtained on the basis of the principle of superposition. Moreover, this paper also analyzes several factors that affect the performance of this grounding electrode, including the depth of sea water, the resistivity of sea water and the soil resistivity of seabed. The results show that using the jacket structure as a natural grounding electrode is satisfactory for the safe grounding of offshore wind turbines.
Dna methylation dynamics during gastrulation

A fundamental aspect of biology is the understanding of how cell fates are established and maintained. Although it is widely accepted that epigenetic reprogramming is a central process of mammalian development, one of the most intriguing questions that remains unanswered is how DNA methylation marks contribute to cell differentiation and lineage commitment. By combining, novel single cell genomics techniques, CRISPR/dCas9 technology and innovative analytical approaches, this project will uncover the links between DNA methylation, gene expression and cell fate decisions during mouse gastrulation. This information will be used in a novel way to identify methylation signatures responsible for the stable repression of pluripotency, which has great potential to advance the development of safe iPS cells. Furthermore, this proposal will implement two innovative approaches utilising single cell DNA methylation patterns to reconstruct lineage trajectories of individual cells. This project capitalises on the unique combination of my novel analytical approaches, my background in DNA methylation analysis and evolutionary biology together with the extensive expertise in single cell techniques and developmental biology of the host lab. This multidisciplinary proposal will provide critical insights into how information is encoded in the epigenome and what this information can tell us about a cell’s history within a developing organism. These results will significantly advance the field of epigenetics, developmental and stem cell biology. Finally, the knowledge and skills gained from this project combined with my scientific and personal development will hopefully open up exciting career possibilities with the long-term goal to establish my own research group in Europe.