SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Functional proton-electron transfer elements in biological energy conversion

Primary energy conversion in nature is powered by highly efficient enzymes that capture chemical or light energy and transduce it into other energy forms. These processes are catalyzed by coupled transfers of protons and electrons (PCET), but their fundamental mechanistic principles are not well understood. In order to obtain a molecular-level understanding of the functional elements powering biological energy conversion processes, we will study the catalytic machinery of one of the largest and most intricate enzymes in mitochondria and bacteria, the respiratory complex I. This gigantic redox-driven proton-pump functions as the entry point for electrons into aerobic respiratory chains, and it employs the energy released from a chemical reduction process to transport protons up to 200 Å away from its active site. Its molecular structure from bacteria and eukaryotes was recently resolved, but the origin of this remarkable action-at-a-distance effect still remains unclear. We employ and develop multi-scale quantum and classical molecular simulation techniques in combination with de novo-protein design methodology to identify and isolate the functional elements that catalyze the long-range PCET reactions in complex I. To fully understand the natural PCET-elements, we will further engineer central parts of this machinery into artificial protein frameworks, with the goal of designing modules for redox-driven proton pumps from first principles. The project aims to establish a fundamental understanding of nature's toolbox of catalytic elements, to elucidate how the complex biochemical environment contributes to the catalytic effects, and to provide blueprints that can guide the design of man-made enzymes for sustainable energy technology.
The tibetan army of the dalai lamas (1642-1959)

TibArmy proposes to undertake a study of a previously unresearched subject: the Tibetan army during the period of the Buddhist government of the Dalai Lamas, known as the Ganden Phodrang, from 1642 to 1959. This government was the heir to a robust military culture with long experience in the defence of Buddhism since the Tibetan Imperial Period (7th-9th centuries); however, from its inception it decided to rely on foreign armies for its protection. On the basis of two distinctive features of this period—the creation and maintenance of the first Tibetan standing army and the limited number of the troops compared to former times—the project will explore the enduring ambivalence of the Dalai Lamas’ government towards having its own army, as well as its reasons, consequences and expressions in discourse and practice. 
The methodology follows a multifaceted approach towards the military in Tibet, by taking into considerations its social, economic, political, legal, religious and cultural aspects, and focussing on the multicultural and connected historical context of the Tibetan army’s evolution (foreign Mongol and Manchu armies stationed in Tibet, and the later adoption of British and Japanese military models). The research project, based on written and oral multilingual sources, is structured along 5 thematic axes: 
1. A history of the army institution (17th-20th c.): social, economic and political aspects; 2. Interactions with the Sino-Manchu troops and other foreign influences on the Tibetan army; 3. Cultural and discursive aspects: integration of the army within the Buddhist frame; 4. Material culture and photographs: a visual history of the Army (with photograph exhibition); 5. A lexicon of military terminology.
By focussing on the links between Buddhism and the military in Tibet, TibArmy will achieve a clearer understanding of the links between State construction, religion and army, and will also shed light on the past and current geo-political situation in Asia.
Engineered artificial proteins for biological light-emitting diodes

The EU priority action lines state the need of advancing white light-emitting diodes (WLED) replacing color filters with inorganic phosphors (IP: rare-earth elements and Cd quantum dot) for non-toxic and sustainable organic phosphors (OP). ENABLED is inspired by highly efficient Bio-WLEDs based on fluorescent proteins (FPs), which are stable over weeks and beyond the state-of-the-art OP-WLEDs. However, the stability is limited by the intrinsic photodeactivation of FPs since natural chromophores were not matured by Nature to stand high photon flux excitations. Thus, there is an imperative need to enforce the evolution of photostable FPs directly prepared in bacteria. ENABLED proposes a radically new approach to prepare low-cost, highly efficient, and stable Bio-WLEDs by developing new biological synthesis tools to produce novel artificial fluorescent proteins (AFPs) in bacteria, which will be achieved by combining tailored natural as well as de novo protein scaffolds with synthetic LED emitters (PLQY>50% with high photostabilities). Thus, the novel Bio-WLEDs will also overcome previous limitations connected to photo-deactivation of natural chromophores. ENABLED aims to reach TRL4 for both AFP synthesis and Bio-WLEDs to fully meet the lighting needs at the forefront of the EU technology scenario by the end of the project.
Small-Business Employment in 22 Rich Economies

Opponents of health care reform in the United States have often argued that such reform will be detrimental to small and medium-sized enterprises. The authors review the most recent data from a sample of 22 rich countries in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), all of which, except the United States, have universal health care systems. By every measure of small-business employment, the United States has among the world's smallest small-business sectors (as a proportion of total national employment). These findings hold for self-employed workers and across all industry groups for which the Paris-based OECD publishes internationally comparable data, including manufacturing, computer-related services, and research and development.
¿Aragón catalanófono o Franja?

Aragón puede observarse como un territorio singular en el seno del conglomerado ibérico por su condición de comunidad bisagra en la encrucijada de los pueblos de España.En el cruce de caminos catalán, vasco-navarro, castellano y valenciano, Aragón tiene tanto de una región periférica como de la España interior.Mayoritariamente castellanohablantes (94%) 1 , los ciudadanos aragoneses también pueden ser catalano-o aragonófonos
Computational Efficiency Requires Simple Taxation

We characterize the communication complexity of truthful mechanisms. Our departure point is the well known taxation principle. The taxation principle asserts that every truthful mechanism can be interpreted as follows: every player is presented with a menu that consists of a price for each bundle (the prices depend only on the valuations of the other players). Each player is allocated a bundle that maximizes his profit according to this menu. We define the taxation complexity of a truthful mechanism to be the logarithm of the maximum number of menus that may be presented to a player. Our main finding is that in general the taxation complexity essentially equals the communication complexity. The proof consists of two main steps. First, we prove that for rich enough domains the taxation complexity is at most the communication complexity. We then show that the taxation complexity is much smaller than the communication complexity only in pathological cases and provide a formal description of these extreme cases. Next, we study mechanisms that access the valuations via value queries only. In this setting we establish that the menu complexity – a notion that was already studied in several different contexts – characterizes the number of value queries that the mechanism makes in exactly the same way that the taxation complexity characterizes the communication complexity. Our approach yields several applications, including strengthening the solution concept with low communication overhead, fast computation of prices, and hardness of approximation by computationally efficient truthful mechanisms.
CELLULOSIC FIBRE

Viscose filaments, preferably in staple fibre form, have a decitex of less than 5.0 and a multi-limbed cross-section, the limbs having a length-to-width aspect ratio of at least 2:1. Examples of multi-limbed cross-sectional shapes are Y-, X-, H- and T-shapes. The fibre can be formed into woven, non-woven or knitted fabrics, and is especially useful for absorbent products.
Crustal-scale fluid circulation and co-seismic shallow comb-veining along the longest normal fault of the central Apennines, Italy

The extensional Val Roveto Fault, which is the longest exhumed potentially-seismogenic structure of central Apennines, Italy, is examined to constrain earthquake-related fluid circulation and fluid sources within shallow carbonate-hosted faults. The study focuses on fault-related comb and slip-parallel veins that are calcite-filled and cut through the principal surface of the Val Roveto Fault. We observe multiple crack-and-seal events characterized by several veining episodes, probably related to different slip increments along the fault plane. We show that vein calcite precipitated in Late Pleistocene time below the present-day outcrop level at a maximum depth of similar to 350 m and temperatures between 32 and 64 degrees C from meteoric-derived fluids modified by reactions with crustal rocks and with a mantle contribution (up to similar to 39%). The observed warm temperatures are not compatible with a shallow (<=similar to 350 m) precipitation depth, which, in this region, is dominated by circulation of cold meteoric water and/or shallow groundwater. Based on structural-geochemical data, we propose that deep-seated crust-mantle derived warm fluids were squeezed upward during earthquakes and were hence responsible for calcite precipitation at shallow depths in co-seismic comb and slip-parallel fractures. As comb- and slip-parallel veins are rather common, particularly along seismogenic extensional faults, we suggest that further studies are necessary to test whether these veins are often of co-seismic origin. If so, they may become a unique and irreplaceable tool to unravel the seismic history of hazardous active faults.
Implementation of a digital marketing plan

The company will focus on the implementation of processes associated with e-commerce, notably through the design and implementation of strategies applied to digital channels for the management of markets, channels, products and customer segments.
Extraction and Characterization of Halal Gelatin from Fish Skin

Gelatin was extracted from fish skin of (mosa, EMG) flathead grey mullet, (hamor, EHG) greasy grouper and (bolti, EBG) Nile tilapia by a series of pretreatment with sodium hydroxide and citric acid. The results showed significant higher (p<0.05) gelatin yield from hamor skin (12.7 %) compared to other type of fish skins. The viscosity of hamor gelatin gel (7.73 cP) and bloom value (123.7g) were significantly higher (p<0.05) than gelatin gels from mosa and bolti. On the other hand, Gelatin extracted from mosa and bolti had similar gelatin yield, viscosity, gel strength and pH value. All extracted fish gelatin gels showed significant (p<0.05) higher viscosity value than halal bovine gelatin gel (HBG). The extracted gelatin has the potential use as halal gelatin to replace non-halal gelatin from porcine and nonhalal bovine.
Brazilian Portuguese as a Transatlantic Language: Agencies of Linguistic Contact

This paper aims at presenting a picture of the situation of language contact in which Brazilian Portuguese emerged. This variety of Portuguese exhibits many characteristics that set it apart from European Portuguese, and that may be the outcome of the intense and extensive contact between 16th-century Portuguese and many African languages in Africa and in Brazil, and with an immense variety of Native Brazilian languages in the colonial territory. Although Brazilian Portuguese emerged in a multilingual colonial setting, it cannot be considered a creole language. This is due to the fact that the somewhat close contact between Portuguese and Africans which started in Africa, albeit not egalitarian, was maintained in the new American colony. The model of language evolution and change proposed by Mufwene (2001, 2008) is used to suggest how Brazilian Portuguese can be considered as the outcome of language contact.
Frequency-dependent recruitment of V2a interneurons during fictive locomotion in the mouse spinal cord

The principles governing the recruitment of interneurons during acceleration in vertebrate locomotion are unknown. In the mouse, the V2a spinal interneurons are dispensable for left-right coordination at low locomotor frequencies, but their function is essential for maintaining left-right coordination at high frequencies. Here we explore the mechanisms driving this frequency-dependent role using four methods to determine how V2a interneurons are recruited at different locomotor frequencies. We show that half of the V2a interneurons receive rhythmic locomotor synaptic drive, which increases with cycle frequency, recruiting more of the neurons to fire at higher frequencies. The other V2a interneurons do not receive locomotion-related synaptic drive and are not recruited into the locomotor network at any frequency. The increased role of V2a interneurons at higher locomotor frequencies arises from increased synaptic drive to recruit subthreshold oscillating V2a neurons, and not from recruitment of a second set of silent V2a interneurons.
The mediation of climate change induced migration. implications for meaningful media discourse and empowerment of key intermediaries to raise public awareness

The IKETIS project will seek to raise awareness in the UK of the need for action to address climate change induced migration and will focus on the mediation of the climate refugees’ issue. The first aim of the action is to understand the representational practices that shape media and NGOs discourse about climate refugees. The second aim is to build capacity of journalists, NGOs and policy-makers, key intermediaries in the mediation of climate change induced migration, to enhance social support for policy actions. Together, both aims contribute to the transformation of how climate change induced migration is perceived and provide new patterns of critical thinking and civic engagement. The research consists of four phases: i) identify the policy, institutional and definitional factors that may impede meaningful media discourse on the issue ii) perform critical discourse analysis (image and text) and frame analysis of the representations of climate change induced migration of UK online news media iii) using these findings, then move on to examine how UK humanitarian and environmental NGOs utilise and challenge frames identified by online news media coverage of climate displacement and iv) based on the understanding of the representational practices that formulate climate refugees mediated discourse, promote climate justice approach to frame climate change and build capacity of journalists, NGOs and policy-makers to best use climate justice approach through e-learning strategies. This training-through research scheme will provide the applicant with the necessary skills to develop competences in media theory, visual communication, critical discourse and frame analysis and digital media research and plan an academic career track for a better integration into the academic community, while the applicant will be of specific benefit to the research-informed teaching that forms the basis of the host institution’s approach to undergraduate and postgraduate teaching practice.
AN INTIUTIONISTIC FUZZY MULTI-EXPERT AND MULTI-CRITERIA SYSTEM FOR EFFECTIVE PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

Organizations, in their pursuit of accomplishing their vision and goals, need effective management of human resources. Performance Management, among other Human Resources Management (HRM) practices, is the central function, as it delivers the necessary data that complements and enables the other functions. Building an effective performance management system is a multicriteria problem that requires contribution from experts having diverse backgrounds. Moreover, performance management is an inherently vague concept since almost the whole process requires linguistic assessments rather than numerical ones. Hence, to handle all those issues, an intuitionistic fuzzy multi-criteria and multi-expert analytical hierarchy process (AHP) based management model is proposed in this paper. In the determination of the criteria weights of the model, both the aggregated and compromised assessments of the experts are used in order to observe the effects of these two methods on the results. A numerical application is given to illustrate the use of the model.
Bringing Ethics into the Capitalist Model: Amartya Sen’s Approach to Economic Theory and Financial Capitalism

Among the variety of criticisms aimed at capitalism in the wake of the recent crisis, Amartya Sen’s approach, reconciling ethics and capitalism, calls for greater diversity and pluralism from a theoretical, but also a practical perspective. He defends capitalism as the system best suited to provide freedoms, while criticising its theoretical foundations and monolithic dimension. This paper discusses how Sen’s ethical dimension alters the representation of capitalism, while also considering Sen’s academic career within and without the Anglo-Saxon world. Section one deals with Sen’s criticism of neoclassical utilitarian foundations and with his own pluralistic approach. The second part of the paper discusses his recommendations on improving social justice with regard to financial capitalism, with emphasis on how they have been received in the Anglo-Saxon countries where he has worked.
Development and implementation of information project management system in building companies

The article is devoted to research of a problematic field of management of complicated investment-building projects in project-oriented building companies. In the article are studied key issues that happen to Main Contractor organizations on the stages of preparation and realization of projects, and also possible technical realization of main goals, using applied specific program solutions on the base of modern information technologies. Were studied the possibilities to apply modern information project management systems to different types of the projects, that make a significant part of corporate project management system. On the example of the turn-key hotel building project were shown the results of development and implementation of additional and specific program modules on the base of project management information systems in investment-building projects. Suggested decisions made it possible to automatize the process of transition from commercial proposal development stage to detailed project planning. In its turn, the adoption of functional of existing program products to requirements of building industry peculiarities and unique demands of certain building company made it possible to extend the application of project management information systems and to improve their effectiveness.
O impacto das instituições de moda na contemporaneidade: uma análise da Fédération de la Haute Couture et de la Mode

O objetivo da pesquisa é investigar o impacto das ações da Fédération de la Haute Couture et de la Mode (FHCM) no campo global da moda. A instituição foi criada em 1868, em Paris, na França, presidida por costureiros e administradores de algumas maisons de couture, e teve papel central no fomento e na proteção da indústria de vestuário na França, principalmente o sob medida. Existente até hoje, sua missão é promover a “cultura francesa de moda” e reforçar o papel da cidade de Paris como “capital mundial da moda”. As ações da Fédération serão pensadas a partir da estrutura atual do espaço de produção e circulação de bens e agentes da moda. Tal estrutura será interpretada como um campo de dimensão global, que é, por sua vez, formado por diversos campos nacionais. Ainda que haja uma interdependência de tais campos, parece haver uma maior influência do campo francês nas definições e tomadas de decisão desse campo global. Uma vez que a FHCM é o agrupamento de moda de maior relevância na França atualmente, a ideia é apontar como as ações da referida instituição são uma tentativa de reprodução e manutenção da estrutura desse campo. A metodologia da pesquisa consiste em análise de documentos e arquivos da FHCM; consulta aos meios pelos quais ela faz sua comunicação; e investigação a partir de bibliografias de cunho multidisciplinar. A análise desse material será realizada a partir de um arcabouço teórico da sociologia.
Tuning the Fano Resonance Between Localized and Propagating Surface Plasmon Resonances for Refractive Index Sensing Applications

Localized and propagating surface plasmon resonances are known to show very pronounced interactions if they are simultaneously excited in the same nanostructure. Here, we study the Fano interference that occurs between localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and propagating surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes by means of phase-sensitive spectroscopic ellipsometry. The sample structures consist of periodic gratings of gold nanodisks on top of a continuous gold layer and a thin dielectric spacer, in which the structural dimensions were tuned in such a way that the dipolar LSPR mode and the propagating SPP modes are excited in the same spectral region. We observe pronounced anti-crossing and strongly asymmetric line shapes when both modes move to each other’s vicinity, accompanied of largely increased phase differences between the respective plasmon resonances. Moreover, we show that the anti-crossing can be exploited to increase the refractive index sensitivity of the localized modes dramatically, which result in largely increased values for the figure-of-merit which reaches values between 24 and 58 for the respective plasmon modes.
Respecting safe operating spaces: opportunities to meet future food demand with sustainable use of water and land resources

Although the human population has quadrupled over the past century, per capita food availability is globally higher than ever - at the expense of environment: scarcity of water and land as well as exceedance of several planetary boundaries. Projected population growth and climate change will further increase the pressure on feeding the planet with sustainably managed natural resources. 
SOS.aquaterra takes up this challenge by identifying feasible measures to meet future food demand while staying below water and land scarcity thresholds. The project develops novel integrated modelling and data analysis methods to fully exploit the rapidly increasing global open spatio-temporal datasets together with outputs from global agrological and hydrological models.
In the proposal, instead of assessing water and land scarcity separately, which is the current practice, the assessments are integrated. The second novelty in SOS.aquaterra is developing an integrated model that combines for the first time the potential of conventional and innovative measures -e.g. yield gap closure, alternative protein sources- towards increased food availability. The feasibility of these measures, within the safe operating space resulting from scarcity assessment, is explored by analogical problem solving and clustering methods. 
The innovative integration of measures using the latest datasets and modelling tools holds high risks, yet it significantly advances the scientific and technological state of the art to meet food demand with sustainably managed natural resources.