SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Ion beam assisted sputter deposition of ZnO for silicon thin-film solar cells

Ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) is a promising technique for improving the material quality of ZnO-based thin films. The operation of an auxiliary Ar + ion source during deposition of ZnO : Ga thin films by dc magnetron sputtering led to an improvement in crystalline texture, especially at low temperatures due to momentum transfer from the ions to the growing film. Etching of IBAD-ZnO : Ga films in diluted HCl revealed crater-like surface structures with crater diameters of up to 600 nm. These structures are usually achieved after deposition at high substrate temperatures. This is an indication that the grain structure was remarkably changed by bombarding these films during deposition in terms of increasing the compactness of the ZnO : Ga films. Subsequent annealing procedures led to an improvement in the electrical and optical properties. Hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (µc-Si : H) solar cells exhibited enhanced efficiency as compared to cells on other low-temperature sputtered reference ZnO films. This improvement was ascribed to light trapping by the modified etching behaviour of the IBAD-ZnO : Ga films as well as improved transparency after the vacuum annealing step.
Spin transport and spin-orbit phenomena in 2d materials

We live in a technological world where usage of electronic devices for information technology is an integral part of everyday life. Present and future technological progress requires miniaturization of such devices, continuous improvement of their performances and decreasing of energy consumption. Spintronics, a growing research field based on the manipulation of the spin of the electrons, offers devices that fulfil these needs. However, a new generation of proposed spintronic devices are yet to be realized due to the lack of a tuneable spin transport channel. The major obstacle to build such channel is that the transport and the manipulation of spins (which require weak and strong spin-orbit coupling, respectively) in the same material are mutually exclusive. 2DSTOP addresses this problem by exploiting the unconventional spin-dependent properties of the transition metal dichalcogenides. In these two dimensional (2D) layered materials, electrically tuneable spin transport in the presence of strong spin-orbit coupling is theoretically predicted. 2DSTOP envisions the experimental realization of such predictions. Combining these materials with other 2D materials such as graphene and hexagonal boron nitride, this proposal plans to investigate not only the spin transport, but also some of the exotic spin-orbit-related phenomena. This way, the project aims at acquiring scientific knowledge with potential technological applications to be useful for both academia and industry. Moreover, the ultimate goal of 2DSTOP is to offer high-quality interdisciplinary research training for an aspiring young researcher helping him to build a promising scientific research career.
A 4+9+14 Steel Cord

A steel cord for reinforcing pneumatic tire, is a multi-layered steel cord comprising a core, an intermediate layer and an outer layer. The core has four filaments, the intermediate layer has nine filaments, and the outer layer has fourteen filaments. At least one filament of the steel cord has a tensile strength no less than (3800- 2000xd)Mpa and d is the diameter of the filament. The twist direction of the filaments may be the same, and the ratio between the lay length of intermediate lay and the lay length of the outer lay is between 0.70 and 0.90. This steel cord achieves a good balance between tensile strength and rubber penetration, but also is cost-effective to manufacture and use.
(Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and 1-undecanol increase male attraction to sex pheromone trap inGrapholita molesta(Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

The effects of host-plant volatiles (HPVs) on male oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and response to sex pheromone trap were studied in a pear orchard. Two HPVs compounds, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and 1-undecanol, combined with sex pheromone of G. molesta in traps were tested. The results showed that most of the male moths were captured in the traps baited with the sex pheromone combined with these two HPVs compounds than by the pheromone alone. Also, more males were captured by the trap containing pheromone plus (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate than by the one containing 1-undecanol. It appeared that these HPVs act as sex pheromone synergists to enhance the attraction of male G. molestato pheromone traps, since males were not captured in the traps baited only with (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and/or 1-undecanol.
Corticosterone mediated costs of reproduction link current to future breeding

Life-history theory predicts that costs are associated with reproduction. One possible mediator of costs involves the secretion of glucocorticoid hormones, which in birds can be measured in feathers grown during the breeding period. Glucocorticoids mediate physiological responses to unpredictable environmental or other stressors, but they can also function as metabolic regulators during more predictable events such as reproduction. Here we show that corticosterone ("Cort") in feathers grown during the breeding season reflects reproductive effort in two Antarctic seabird species (giant petrels, Macronectes spp.). In females of both species, but not males, feather Cort ("fCort") was nearly 1.5-fold higher in successful than failed breeders (those that lost their eggs/chicks), suggesting a cost of successful reproduction, i.e., high fCort levels in females reflect the elevated plasma Cort levels required to support high metabolic demands of chick-rearing. Successful breeding also led to delayed moult prior to winter migration. The fCort levels and pre-migration moult score that we measured at the end of current breeding were predictive of subsequent reproductive effort in the following year. Birds with high fCort and a delayed initiation of moult were much more likely to defer breeding in the following year. Cort levels and the timing of moult thus provide a potential mechanism for the tradeoff between current and future reproduction.
Safe on-Site Reuse of Greywater for Irrigation - A Critical Review of Current Guidelines

Reuse of greywater for landscape irrigation can significantly reduce domestic water consumption. Alongside its benefits, there are potential drawbacks to greywater reuse, raising legitimate concerns about the impact on human and environmental health. In this review, a risk assessment framework is used to assess the adequacy of different regulations to ensure safe and long-lasting, onsite greywater reuse for irrigation. Existing regulations from around the world are assessed along with a standardized evaluation of measures taken to protect public and environmental health. In most cases, human health considerations currently dominate regulatory strategies, while environmental risks are either ignored or underrepresented. A distinction between single and multiple households was found to be a fundamental component of the regulations which often lead to approved utilization of untreated greywater among single households. We concluded that the use of untreated greywater is not recommended, especially in multihousehold systems as it may compromise public health, with single household systems posing more likely risks to the environment. Existing rules to control greywater use should be further revised toward the establishment of a more advanced regulatory system which can avert the salient potential risks associated with greywater reuse, while exploiting the enormous potential of this alternative water resource.
Effect of dew point on the formation of surface oxides of twinning-induced plasticity steel

Abstract The surface oxides of twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel annealed at 800 °C for 43 s were investigated using transmission electron microscopy. During the annealing process, the oxygen potential was controlled by adjusting the dew point in a 15%H2–N2 gas atmosphere. It was found that the type of surface oxides formed and the thickness of the oxide layer were determined by the dew point. In a gas mixture with a dew point of − 20 °C, a MnO layer with a thickness of ~ 100 nm was formed uniformly on the steel surface. Under the MnO layer, a MnAl2O4 layer with a thickness of ~ 15 nm was formed with small Mn2SiO4 particles that measured ~ 70 nm in diameter. Approximately 500 nm below the MnAl2O4 layer, Al2O3 was formed at the grain boundaries. On the other hand, in a gas mixture with a dew point of − 40 °C, a MnAl2O4 layer with a thickness of ~ 5 nm was formed on most parts of the surface. On some parts of the surface, Mn2SiO4 particles were formed irregularly up to a thickness of ~ 50 nm. Approximately 200 nm below the MnAl2O4 layer, Al2O3 was found at the grain boundaries. Thermodynamic calculations were performed to explain the experimental results. The calculations showed that when aO2 > ~ 1.26 × 10− 28, MnO, MnAl2O4, and Mn2SiO4 can be formed together, and the major oxide is MnO. When aO2 is in the range of 1.26 × 10− 28–2.51 × 10− 31, MnO is not stable but MnAl2O4 is the major oxide. When aO2
Combination of carvacrol and thymol against the poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae)

Pest management by conventional pesticides has become progressively hindered by developing pest resistance and increase in consumers demand for safe and residue-free foodstuffs. This will create a considerable market opportunity for alternative products, including botanical pesticides. The present study was conducted to assess the combination of carvacrol and thymol, their repellent activity, and residual toxicity against Dermanyssus gallinae with the aim of designing a new strategy relying on natural compounds for the control of D. gallinae. Different ratios of carvacrol-thymol, 5:0, 4:1, 3:2, 2:3, 1:4, and 0:5 based on LD50 values, were tested for their toxicity on D. gallinae. For residual toxicity assay, mortality rate of mites recorded after being exposed to the surfaces 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post spraying by carvacrol-thymol preparation. In combination toxicity, carvacrol-thymol in 4:1 ratio showed the highest efficacy against D. gallinae. The highest repellent activity was observed in carvacrol-thymol 5:0 combination. Addition of thymol to carvacrol resulted in a decrease in repellent activity of carvacrol as was seen in carvacrol-thymol 3:2, 2:3, and 1:4 ratios (p < 0.05). Carvacrol-thymol in 4:1 ratio at 2 % concentration displayed good residual toxicity and was effective against D. gallinae till 14 days post spraying (p < 0.05). The present study showed that the combination of carvacrol-thymol particularly with a 4:1 ratio displayed improved acaricidal activity and good residual toxicity. However, combining the application of carvacrol and thymol did not show any synergistic effect on repellent activity. Overall, carvacrol-thymol can be suggested as an alternative strategy for the control of D. gallinae.
Construction du Parc Multisectoriel de l’île de Terceira — Élargissement du Parc des Foires et Expositions

L’Entrepreneur du Parc Multisectoriel de l’île de Terceira — Élargissement du Parc des Foires et Expositions vise à la construction d’un pavillon polyvalent situé le long du côté sud de l’Alameda Central et se compose d’un pavillon et d’aires de soutien, créant une surface couverte d’environ 6 200 m². Il fait également partie intégrante de ce contrat l’extension de ladite Alameda, le réseau routier entourant le pavillon, le parc de stationnement
New cooperative business models and guidance for sustainable city logistics

Urban areas represent the greatest challenges for freight transport and service trips, both in terms of goods distribution and service allocation performance, and environmental impacts (air emission, traffic congestion, road safety, accidents and noise). The salient scope of the proposal is the enabling of knowledge and understanding of freight distribution and service trips by providing guidance for implementing effective and sustainable policies and measures. This guidance will support the choice of the most optimal and applicable solutions for urban freight and service transport, and will facilitate stakeholder collaboration and the development, field testing and transfer of best governance and business models. 
This shall be achieved through:
- the targeted understanding of urban freight and service trips, fostered by data collection on city logistics,
- field testing and implementation of representative city logistics measures, 
- the development and application of a modular, integrated, evaluation framework for the assessment of these measures
- the development of a typology between cities and potential city logistics components, and 
- the provision of guidance to cities, shaping consistent implementation channels for successful solutions, all according to the local needs and constraints. 
These activities will be accompanied by the production of practical tools that could support the take-up impact of NOVELOG project to wider international city and industrial networks and beyond the project's lifetime. NOVELOG will contribute to the European Commission's research and policy agenda through the generation of sound knowledge that introduces a new approach to guidance strategies that supports a more sustainable urban environment.
Ab initio simulations for super-earths

Since the discovery of the first exoplanet, a gaseous giant planet, two decades of an extensive planet hunt led to an amazing inventory of close-by planet systems. Among these planets a substantial number are slightly larger than Earth but are still expected to be rocky. No similar object exists in the solar system and little is known about them. One interesting aspect is to determine the habitability of these exotic planets and if life could develop there. It is therefore important to determine what is the structure of the deep interior of these planets and if it can generate a protecting magnetic field.
In the proposed project, the fellow plans to develop a set of state-of-the-art ab initio simulations of iron-nickel mixtures to study the properties of these materials at high pressure. These materials are likely to be dominant in the core of Super-Earth but it is unclear if the pressure-temperature conditions are compatible with a solid core surrounded by a liquid and conducting phase as expected to be favorable for magnetic field generation. The fellow will focus on the phase diagram of these mixtures up to 1 TPa. He will also explore the transport properties in order to better constrain the possible scenarios of convection and magnetic field generation. Based on these results, the fellow will build evolution models of Super-Earths to be compared to the discovered exoplanets.
Linear infrastructure efficiency improvement by automated learning and optimised predictive maintenance techniques

INFRALERT aims to develop an expert-based information system to support and automate linear asset infrastructure management from measurement to maintenance. This enfolds the collection, storage and analysis of inspection data, the deduction of interventions to keep the performance of the network in optimal condition, and the optimal planning of maintenance interventions. It will also assess new construction strategic decisions.
The condition of the land transport infrastructure has a big societal and economic relevance, since constraints result in disruptions of service. The demand for surface transport will significantly increase in the next years. Given budget restrictions, a substantial enlargement of the road/rail network in the next decades is doubtful. Besides, the aging infrastructure will require more maintenance interventions which infer normal traffic operation. Therefore, the only way to increase infrastructure capacity for the increased transportation demand is to optimise the performance of the existing infrastructure. This issue is addressed by INFRALERT. 
INFRALERT will develop and deploy solutions that enhance the infrastructure performance and adapt its capacity to growing needs by: (i) ensuring the operability under traffic disruptions; (ii) keeping and increasing the availability by optimising operational maintenance interventions and assessing strategic long-term decisions on new construction; and (iii) ensuring service reliability and safety by minimising incidences and failures.
INFRALERT will be directly applicable by Rail and Road Infrastructure Managers in the field of Intelligent Maintenance and long term strategic planning. Two real pilots (for roads and rail transport systems) will be used to validate and demonstrate the results of the research activities. In both cases, extensive data from auscultation campaigns are available since some years ago. The empirical development of the whole project will be based on these pilot cases.
Multiple perspectives in qualitative family research: Crafting and conducting research projects

The integration of related individuals' perspectives into empirical research is increasingly used in qualitative family studies. So far, little attention has been given to the fact that such an approach is characterized by specific challenges not only during certain parts of, but indeed throughout the whole research process. This article provides insights for researchers who craft and conduct studies with a multiple perspectives approach and concentrates on four phases of empirical research: preparation, recruitment of interviewees, data collection and data analysis. Suggestions are made on how to handle challenges during these stages. Two studies that comprise interviews with children and their parents are used as examples. The article illustrates the challenges and benefits associated with crafting multiple perspectives research, while highlighting the practical implications of such an approach throughout the research process.
METHOD FOR INCREASING THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROCARBON LIQUIDS AND GASES

A method for reducing or eliminating water block around a well bore of a well bore region in a reservoir is provided. The method comprises removing the water from around the well bore, injecting crude oil around the well bore, and injecting precipitants causing surface precipitation of asphaltenes thereby altering formation wettability in the well bore and decreasing capillary forces of retention for water and/or gas condensates and increasing the flow of hydrocarbon fluids from the reservoir.
NEUTRALLY BUOYANT VEHICLE MANEUVERING SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR SAME

A towed atmospheric balloon system includes an atmospheric balloon including a quantity of lift gas and a neutral buoyancy towing system coupled with the atmospheric balloon. The neutral buoyancy towing system includes one or more towing thrusters configured to move the towed atmospheric balloon system in a neutrally buoyant condition between altitudes, and a power source operatively coupled with the towing thruster. Wherein a composite mass of the towed atmospheric balloon system includes component masses of the atmospheric balloon and the neutral buoyancy towing system, and the composite mass is static and neutral buoyancy is maintained with movement between altitudes. At differing altitudes the composite mass of the towed atmospheric balloon system is static and the and the system remains neutrally buoyant.
Governance models for sustainable integrated rural development and multifunctional agricul-ture; networking and dissemination on the web

The main objective of the project is to promote sustainable development of rural areas within the context of a strong integration with other activities undertaken by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) located in rural areas, thus promoting a diversified economic structure and a social stable development. The project aims to give concrete application through its models of the following concepts: - sustainability, ended both as reduction of negative impacts on the environment and health and preservation of the natural and human resources; - integration with other activities, particularly those related to the artisanal processing of products, their commercialisation as well as social and tourist activities; - multifunctional of agriculture, related to the actual possibilities of intervention in the rural areas and on the social context, also in terms of employment. GOVERNET wants identifying operational governance models for rural development in specific case study areas, covering various typologies of CADSES region, such as: mountainous areas, piedmont areas, lowland areas along river valleys, peri-urban/ peri-industrial areas, coastlands. For each case study area seminars for the starting up of the governance system, dissemination on the web (Internet) of the models and an informational interactive system; vocational training and updating courses; twinning areas; territorial marketing studies will be initiated.
A novel, efficient and minimally invasive medical procedure to treat anastomotic leakage during colorectal cancer surgery.

It is estimated that in 2018, 97,220 people will be diagnosed with colorectal cancer and that about 50,630 people will die from this disease; making treatment this cancer to be of growing importance nowadays. Despite improvements in the area of surgical treatment of the tumor, there are still many risk factors connected with mortality, recovery and reoccurrence rates, as well as complications (like anastomotic leakage). 

After having successfully launched an innovation that permits the transport of Ebola patients in 2014, Tecnoline (a medical company founded in 1992 in Modena, Italy) decided to invest into innovation development for the surgical treatment of colorectal cancer. Three years ago the team started developing a prototype of the Catheter for Transcaecal Ileostomy (CTI), an alternative technique to loop ileostomy to defunction low rectal anastomoses. Our company conducted a positive round of animal and clinical tests. 

The new invention is capable to decrease morbidity and mortality rates due to anastomotic leakage and surgery complications; diminish the hospital stay and ‘worried well’ by 50%; reduce the operating time by at least 50% and up to 99% leakage of feces. It also have a positive environmental impact since it replace the disposable plastic pouches and reduce energy use and other impacts connected with the patients stay in the hospitals. Finally, this invention has the potential to boost the company growth, translated into 8.91M€ of turnover (2025) and 40 new hires for the development period. 

Tecnoline was authorized by the Ethical Committee of Aragon (Spain) to implement CTI in a patient population in Aragon (18 patients). The solution has just passed through the experimental process and therefore reaches TRL7. Thus, it is the right moment to start preparing the CTI market readiness and roll-out to provide the medical sector with a unique solution that makes treatment of colorectal cancer patients safer, more efficient and effective.