SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Size and Shape of Steady Seawater Intrusion and Sharp-Interface Wedge: The Polubarinova-Kochina Analytical Solution to the Dam Problem Revisited

AbstractRescaling of the geometrical sizes and the value of hydraulic conductivity in the classical problem of steady two-dimensional (2D) potential seepage through a rectangular earth dam with an empty tailwater is shown to result in a mathematically equivalent problem of seawater intrusion with a sharp interface into a confined horizontal aquifer, which discharges fresh groundwater to the sea through a vertical segment of the beach. The shape of the interface, the vertical and horizontal sizes of the static intrusion wedge, and its cross-sectional area are written in an explicit form, using the Polubarinova-Kochina formulas, rectified. The densities of the two liquids and the aquifers’ hydraulic conductivity and thickness, as well as the incident hydraulic gradient serve as input parameters. With reduction of the incident groundwater gradient far upstream from the intrusion zone (due to, e.g., freshwater abstraction by wells), the sizes of the wedge rapidly increase. The analytical solution has been val...
Adapting recurrent neural network algorithms for single molecular break junction analysis

Molecular Electronics Artificial Neural Networks (MEANN) will adapt for the first time a recurrent neural network (RNN) to address complex multivariate correlation questions that arise in single molecular break junction (SMBJ) experiments. The hypothesis is that a RNN will be better than a human at identifying relationships between nanoscopic geometry changes of the junctions and the measured variables in SMBJ data sets, with little or no human bias. These improvements in the data analysis approach will allow researchers to address many of the present problems in SMBJ research, most notably reproducibility and bridging the theory-experiment gap. The proposal has three objectives to implement this goal. I will: (1) generate simulated SMBJ data and use this simulated data to train a RNN to sort SMBJ data into classes with unique and significant features in the data; (2) measure large sets of experimental data while on secondment and apply the trained RNN to the experimental data to sort the experimental data into the classes the RNN has already identified in the simulated data; and (3) derive a deeper understanding of the relationships between the physical processes involved in the break junction, and the observable variables of the experiment. MEANN maximizes my development as a researcher by exposing me to three important opportunities: (1) a world class theoretical chemistry group where I will learn computational and management skills necessary for my future as a researcher, (2) new experimental physics techniques while on secondment, and (3) planning an Applied RNN Summit where I will network with industry leaders in RNN development, share my expertise with peers, and prepare teaching materials to introduce my research to students. As a result of MEANN, researchers will have new tools to generate simulated SMBJ data, analyse their experimental data quickly and objectively, and answer important questions in condensed matter physics and physical chemistry.
Caala - computer aided architectural life-cycle assessment

CAALA is a German GmbH headquartered in Munich. Founded in 2016, the company is run by four managing directors, and supported by seven additional team members (engineers, software developers, architects, marketers) and five mentors. The company’s mission is to supply building planners with the tool needed to achieve energy and GHG emission savings on a large scale and thereby strengthen a sustainable construction industry in Europe. 
CAALA therefore provides architects and Building Material Manufacturers with a tool to achieve energy and GHG emission savings on a large scale - since it can be used by non-experts at a very early stage of the design process. CAALA is also estimated to be 10x faster than current tools on the market (thanks to our trademark/secret protected methodology called PLCA). Thus, having the biggest impact upon sustainability. 
Recent developments and the economic turnaround promise a positive outlook for the European construction market for the near future. Since 2014, the gross domestic product of almost all EU states has been growing and renewed increase in construction activity resulting in an annual growth rate of 3% is expected by experts. With €285 billion. 
The market potential for CAALA in Europe is estimated at €1.5 billion as CAALA acts as a digital building material trader (BMT) by including building material manufacturers (BMM) and increasing their sales. 
As a first step towards the conception of a market ready product, this Phase I will serve the purpose of elaborating an improved business plan through the implementation of a feasibility study. After the completion of the feasibility study Phase II and Phase III implementation will follow to launch the final product in the market.
Laboratory monitoring of neonates' infectious process

Identification of the stage of neonate9s infectious process is an urgent problem of medicine in view of absence of accurate clinical and laboratory criteria. The biochemical indicators used for dynamic laboratory monitoring of infectious process are often inconsistent and changeable. The objective of this research is dynamic (at the birth, 3-4 and 9-10 days of life) studying of proteolytic system9s indicators of blood serum (elastase and inhibitors) of neonates, against congenital pneumonia. Two groups of neonates were organized in order to achieve the objective. The second group included full-term neonates with bilateral congenital focal bacterial pneumonia, n=36. The first group included healthy full-term neonates, n=12. The statistical analysis was carried out with the use of Mann-Whitney9s criterion. The activity of blood serum9s elastase of neonates with congenital pneumonia during dynamic research was much lower on the 3d-4th days of life than on the day of birth 0.65(0.55 / 0.72) me/mkl and 0.81(0.78 / 0.88) me/mkl. During clinical recovery (10–14 day) further decrease in the activity of blood serum9s elastase – 0.51(0.43 / 0.63) me/mkl was observed. The increase in inhibitor protection was observed on the 3d-4th days of life 21.35 (19.65 / 24.35) IE/ml with a maximum on the 9th-10th days of life 24.25 (22.55 / 25.16) IE/ml. The conclusions of the research are as follows: the concentration of elastase in blood serum depends on a disease stage. During the acute period the activity of enzyme is high and it decreases gradually to recovery. The maximum inhibitor activity was observed during recovery.
Relevance and truthfulness in information correction and fusion

A general approach to information correction and fusion for belief functions is proposed, where not only may the information items be irrelevant, but sources may lie as well. We introduce a new correction scheme, which takes into account uncertain metaknowledge on the source’s relevance and truthfulness and that generalizes Shafer’s discounting operation. We then show how to reinterpret all connectives of Boolean logic in terms of source behavior assumptions with respect to relevance and truthfulness. We are led to generalize the unnormalized Dempster’s rule to all Boolean connectives, while taking into account the uncertainties pertaining to assumptions concerning the behavior of sources. Eventually, we further extend this approach to an even more general setting, where source behavior assumptions do not have to be restricted to relevance and truthfulness. We also establish the commutativity property between correction and fusion processes, when the behaviors of the sources are independent.
INVESTIGATION OF THE RATE OF PATIENTS’ ESCAPE FROM A GENERAL HOSPITAL IN SHIRAZ, IRAN

Introduction: Patients’ escape from hospital imposes lots of costs on the patients as well as the health system. Besides, adverse events are more likely to occur for these patients compared to others. The present study aimed to investigate the rate of patients escape from general hospitals in Shiraz between 2011 and 2012. Methods: This retrospective, descriptive study was conducted in one of the hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. In this study, the data on the escaped patients were collected from the medical records of a general hospital using a checklist in 2011-2012. Then, the data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software (v. 21) and descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 454 people had escaped from the hospital during the study period. The highest frequency of patient escape was related to the emergency department, males, and married patients. Also, most of the escaped patients had stayed in the hospital for less than a day and hospital franchise was free for 60% of them. Conclusion: Considering the increase in patients’ escape from hospitals in the recent years, these behaviors should be prevented using appropriate strategies, such as controlling the patients’ entrance and exit, improving the relationship between the patients and the treatment staff, and controlling the patients with an escape history.
REGional standardised Interfaces for a better integration of regional SMEs in the European Economy

Since competitiveness in most industries is now determined on a global scale, companies need to continuously develop their products and production processes to stay ahead of the game. However, innovation and development processes are becoming more and more complex, calling for resources and competences often beyond the reach of an individual company, especially if that company is small. Cooperation with other companies and also with research institutions within regional clusters is, therefore, key for small and medium-sized companies to stay innovative and competitive in today's industrial markets. From the side of the local and regional organisations this raises the need for proactive consultancy and a supervisory role to encourage building of trust and inter-firm collaboration. Objectives The overall objective of REGINS is to stimulate know-how-transfer on cluster management, regional innovation and SME support policies between the partners, laying the foundation for a long-term and strategic co-operation. Sub-objectives of the whole Regional Framework Operation are: (1) fostering public-private-partnership; (2) stimulating the experience of exchange and know-how-transfer on specific themes; (3) establishing Regional Network Offices to support networking between partners in the region; (4) assessing the state of the art with regard to cluster management in the participating regions; (5) enabling standardised interfaces to numerous SMEs via existing regional networks within the participating regions. Results REGINS provides a comparative overview of the partner regions' cluster-management policies and instruments as well as their effectiveness. A mentoring scheme supports the integration of results into regional support policies and networking instruments. Common networking activities and structures (standardised interfaces) enable interregional cooperation of cluster management structures leading to a reduction of project initiation and transaction costs, a shortening of reaction times and improved matching of project content with SME-targets. Sub-projects within the selected thematic priorities automotive, biotechnology and logistics develop know-how that will help regional businesses to exploit growth opportunities. Subprojects selected so far focus, among others, on exploring future technologies for the automotive sector, promoting spin-offs in the biotech sector, transferring the concept of Logistics Competence Centres and scientific research to support innovation and new product development in the three target sectors
A New Algorithm to Stabilize Distance Relay Operation During Voltage-Degraded Conditions

This paper deals with the possible operation of distance relays during impending voltage instability and presents a new method to prevent its maloperation in power system voltage-degraded conditions. The proposed method successfully discriminates between fault occurrence and system incidents during stressed voltage conditions, even for the most severe cases such as sudden equipment outages and high impedance faults. The proposed scheme successfully blocks maloperation of relay zone 3 where the degraded condition is detected. It is based on the rates of change of voltage and current magnitudes. These values are different during fault occurrences in comparison with the corresponding values during stressed conditions system incidents. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Upper Crustal Structure and Deformation of Lu-Zong Ore District: Constraints from Integrated Geophysical Data

In order to study the 3Dstructure of Lu-Zong ore-district,better understand the metallogenesis and provide in-depth information for deep mineral exploration,the author have finished five intersecting integrated geophysical profiles with total length of more than 300km.The survey methods include high resolution reflection seismic,magnetotelluric sounding(MT)and regional gravity.Some new discoveries were obtained regarding the upper crustal structure and deformation based on the integrated analysis of reflection seismic,MT,regional gravity and aeromagnetic data.In general,the Lu-Zong ore-district consist oftwo depression one uplift,e.g.,Qianshan-Kongcheng depression in the west and LujiangZongyang volcanic basin in the east,a uplift exist just in between.The north south structure shows a northward step-like uplift,two step-like faults are WNW-ESE trending Tangjiayuan-Zhuanqiao fault and Lujiang-Huangguzha-Tongling fault respectively.Lu-Zong volcanic basin presents a non-symmetrical shape with four inward dipping boundary faults.The northern and eastern boundary faults(BF2and LHTD)are deep faults,which control the development and evolution of the Lu-Zong volcanic basin.Tectonically, there are three WNW-ESE trending faults and six NE-SW trending faults cutting over the ore-district. From north to south,they are Lujiang-Huangguzha-Tongling detachement fault,Tangjiayuan-Zhuanqiao fault and Yijing-Taojiaxiang fault(BF3);from the west to the east,six faults are Tan-Lu,Chihe,LuoheQuekou,Zongyang-Huangtun,Taojiawan-Shijiawan and Along river fault.The formation and tectonic evolution of the ore-district was mainly affected by the Yanshanian intracontinental orogenic movement, and experienced the Middle~Late Jurassic contraction deformation due to the paleo-Pacific NW-trending subduction and Cretaceous extension deformation.Some other new findings regarding the nature of the faults were first obtained,e.g.,the Along river fault is a thrust fault in nature,Lujiang-HuangguzhaTongling fault is a SW-dipping detachement,the Tangjiayuan-Zhuangqiao fault is newly determined, which divide the Lu-Zong volcanic basin and Qianshan-Kongcheng depression into northern and southern parts.In the northeast of Lu-Zong ore-district,a NWW-SEE trending,probably the Early or Middle Jurassic basin was found from the seismic image with depth up to 5.0km,the author consider it to be the product of post-collision extension of Indosinian movement during the middle and early Late Triassic.
Convective transport of boron through a brackish water reverse osmosis membrane

Abstract In this work, cross-flow filtration experiments using a brackish water reverse osmosis polyamide membrane have been performed to gather boron rejection data as function of feed concentration, pressure, pH and salinity. Increasing transmembrane pressure increases the permeation of boron indicating that convective flow is important. This result is in contrast to the normal assumption that solution diffusion dominates in such systems. The extended Nernst–Planck equation with a Donnan-steric partition coefficient is used to analyse the transport mechanisms of both neutral boric acid and negatively charged borate ions through the RO membrane. The contribution of surface charge is experimentally determined by streaming potential measurements and the electrokinetic surface charge density is then calculated as a function of ionic strength and pH. It is found that a 0.380 nm pore radius and an effective membrane porosity of 0.05 shows good agreement with experimental data. Charge screening becomes more dominant with increasing ionic strength and this contribution is readily incorporated into the model. The study extends our understanding of the transport mechanism of boric acid and borate ions which can assist in predicting the performance of polyamide reverse osmosis membranes. It also raises questions as to the true mechanism of transport through such a membrane.
PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING ASPHALT

A process for manufacturing asphalt is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of : (i) heating bitumen; (ii) heating aggregate; and (iii) mixing the hot bitumen with the hot aggregate in a mixing unit to form asphalt. From 10 to 200 wt% of sulphur, based upon the weight of the bitumen, is added in at least one of the steps (i), (ii) or (iii) and from 0.1 to 20 wt% of paraffin wax is added in at least one of the steps (i), (ii) or (iii).
Formation, Binding, and Stability of O-Ag-CO2-Ag-O Compounds on Ag(100) Investigated by Low Temperature Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Manipulation

The understanding of reaction intermediates in heterogeneous catalysis has important implications for the design of novel catalysts. We investigate the adsorption of CO 2 on oxygen precovered Ag(100) at low temperature (17 K) by scanning tunneling microscopy and inelastic electron tunneling manipulation at 5 K. On the terraces, the adsorption leads to O-Ag-CO 2 -Ag-O compounds with reduced binding of the oxygen to the surface as compared to the separately adsorbed molecules. The compound can be either dissociated into a bistable O-Ag-CO 2 compound at 1.6 V, dissociated into its constituents at 2.2 V, or reacted at 6.5 V into a species, which we tentatively attribute to CO 3 . The thus obtained carbon trioxide or carbonate is an intriguing reaction intermediate, because it is not stable in the gas phase. Our detailed study of coadsorbed species outlines a possibility to investigate precursors of reactions that involve the substrate atoms.
Contour Stencils: Total Variation along Curves for Adaptive Image Interpolation

Image interpolation is the problem of increasing the resolution of a given image. An important aspect of interpolation is accurate estimation of edge orientations. This work introduces contour stencils, a new method for estimating the image contours based on total variation along curves. Contour stencils are able to distinguish lines of different orientations, curves, corners, and other geometric features with a computationally efficient formula. Contour stencils are applied in designing an edge directed color interpolation method. The method incorporates an efficient approximation of deconvolution. Although most interpolation methods that involve deconvolution require either solving a large linear system or running many iterations, this method has linear complexity in the number of pixels and can be computed in one or a small number of passes through the image. Comparisons show that the proposed interpolation is competitive with existing methods.
Development of functional, chemically defined coatings for 2d and 3d cell culture applications

Cell culture of primary and stem cells is basic for cell therapy approaches to treat degenerative, genetic, and immunological diseases. To enable mass production of cells utilized for these therapies, it is essential that the technologies used to manufacture, expand and differentiate cells are safe, robust, reliable and cost-effective. However, current stem cell culture technologies are often not sufficient for safe clinical application. This is mainly due to the quality of coatings mimicking biological conditions and surrounding of cells. Hence, motivation for this project is to produce a functional, chemically-defined coating for optimal stem cell culture. To realize this, a layer-by-layer technology for reproducible 2D biomatrix coatings will be established, accompanied by the development of a kinetic model and analytical methods for quality assessment.  The achieved knowledge will be transferred to 3D cell culture and validation experiments with mesenchymal stromal cells will be conducted to confirm that the produced 2D and 3D biomatrices support cell growth. This project provides essential basic research to realize medical and regulatory needs with high exploitation potential.
denovoMATRIX will implement this highly interdisciplinary and intersectoral project in an industrial as well as an academic context covering biological, chemical and physical aspects. The fellow, being chemist with expertise in colloidal and nanoscience, will receive a unique mix of specific research and transferable skills in the field of biomaterials and their application for-stem cell culture, underlined by a training plan to address the research objectives. Realization of the two-way knowledge transfer will result in strong benefits for both: new knowledge and a basis for a new class of products for the host, and diversification of professional competences and continuation of the fellow’s career perspective as a leading multidisciplinary researcher.
Évaluation de l’hyperphagie et impact sur la qualité de vie chez les patients et les aidants dans le syndrome de Bardet-Biedl avant et pendant le traitement par setmélanotide

Le syndrome de Bardet-Biedl (SBB) est une maladie génétique rare associée à une hyperphagie, due à une altération de la signalisation dans la voie du récepteur-4 aux mélanocortines responsable de la régulation centrale de l’énergie. Nous cherchons à caractériser les répercussions de l’hyperphagie sur différents aspects de la vie des patients atteints de SBB et de leurs familles. Les patients atteints de SBB ayant participé aux essais cliniques de setmélanotide aux États-Unis et au Canada ont été invités à participer à cette étude qualitative. Des entretiens téléphoniques ont été conduits afin d’explorer l’hyperphagie des patients avant et après le traitement par setmélanotide (agoniste du MC4R). Dix-neuf entretiens ont été conduits (8 patients, 11 aidants). Avant le traitement par setmélanotide, tous les participants décrivaient leur faim comme dévorante, entraînant une focalisation obsessionnelle sur la nourriture. Neuf participants rapportaient une faim intense et tenace et la plupart rapportaient une absence complète de contrôle de l’alimentation. Les répercussions négatives sur la vie des patients étaient notamment des difficultés de concentration, une diminution du bien-être et une altération des relations personnelles. Tous les participants ont présenté ou observé des réductions notables de la faim au cours du traitement, mais également une meilleure santé, une perte de poids ainsi qu’une diminution de la focalisation obsessionnelle sur la nourriture et des comportements de recherche alimentaire. Tous les participants ont rapporté des améliorations de leur bien-être ainsi qu’un fort désir de poursuivre setmélanotide. Setmélanotide réduit l’hyperphagie, le poids corporel et la focalisation obsessionnelle sur la nourriture tout en améliorant notablement la santé générale et le bien-être pour les patients et les aidants.