SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Effect of Non-Newtonian Flow on Polymer Flooding in Heavy Oil Reservoirs

The flow of polymer solution and heavy oil in porous media is critical for polymer flooding in heavy oil reservoirs because it significantly determines the polymer enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and polymer flooding efficiency in heavy oil reservoirs. In this paper, physical experiments and numerical simulations were both applied to investigate the flow of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) solution and heavy oil, and their effects on polymer flooding in heavy oil reservoirs. First, physical experiments determined the rheology of the polymer solution and heavy oil and their flow in porous media. Then, a new mathematical model was proposed, and an in-house three-dimensional (3D) two-phase polymer flooding simulator was designed considering the non-Newtonian flow. The designed simulator was validated by comparing its results with those obtained from commercial software and typical polymer flooding experiments. The developed simulator was further applied to investigate the non-Newtonian flow in polymer flooding. The experimental results demonstrated that the flow behavior index of the polymer solution is 0.3655, showing a shear thinning; and heavy oil is a type of Bingham fluid that overcomes a threshold pressure gradient (TPG) to flow in porous media. Furthermore, the validation of the designed simulator was confirmed to possess high accuracy and reliability. According to its simulation results, the decreases of 1.66% and 2.49% in oil recovery are caused by the difference between 0.18 and 1 in the polymer solution flow behavior indexes of the pure polymer flooding (PPF) and typical polymer flooding (TPF), respectively. Moreover, for heavy oil, considering a TPG of 20 times greater than its original value, the oil recoveries of PPF and TPF are reduced by 0.01% and 5.77%, respectively. Furthermore, the combined effect of shear thinning and a threshold pressure gradient results in a greater decrease in oil recovery, with 1.74% and 8.35% for PPF and TPF, respectively. Thus, the non-Newtonian flow has a hugely adverse impact on the performance of polymer flooding in heavy oil reservoirs.
Revamping anticorruption criminal law – strategies and consequences

Fighting transnational corporate corruption is today a global task, resulting in an increase in criminalisation. However, when it comes to law enforcement, prosecutors face major problems: fact-finding is hampered and gathering evidence from foreign jurisdictions by way of traditional mutual legal assistance is arduous, if not impossible. Despite these major difficulties, since 2000 the enforcement of anti-corruption norms has flourished, resulting in multi-jurisdictional criminal procedures. This change is due to the revamping of strategies in three major fields of law (substantive criminal law, procedural criminal law, mutual legal assistance in criminal matters), and the resulting cross-cutting dynamics. A hybrid model of corporate criminal justice has emerged, which was unthinkable in the past and still is in almost any other field of criminal justice. This heretofore insufficiently studied model has led to a new, opaque, and exclusive way of conducting criminal justice. RevACLAW’s ambitious objective is to provide a comprehensive conceptual framework for the study of revamping strategies, leading to a hybrid corporate criminal justice model, as well as the consequences resulting from such a mdoel. RevACLAW will focus on four jurisdictions (France, Switzerland, USA, and the UK), and its objectives are the following: (A) unveiling the revamping strategies and how they interact in the three fields of law mentioned, and conceptualising this new way of conducting justice as a social practice, (B) delivering both a theoretical and empirical analysis of the accessibility of the resulting settlements, and (C) analysing case-making and the occurring narratives of corporate corruption and anticorruption law enforcement. These objectives will be achieved by a novel interdisciplinary approach, including both legal and empirical research. This project will impact the fields of legal theory as well as the study of law and society with regard to a present-day phenomenon.
European training and research program in translational vision science to ensure optimal support of visually impaired individuals through tests and tools of functional vision

OptiVisT’s key mission is to enhance the societal participation of individuals with vision impairment through innovative and inclusive care. To achieve this, we need new knowledge as well as new, innovative tests to assess functional visual abilities, and develop tools to train and augment them. We thus need Translational Vision Scientists, with expertise in vision science, technology and healthcare. Such scientists are in great demand, but scarce, because there is as yet no specialist training program. 

OptiVisT arose from the realization that we can only meet this need by joining forces across Europe and integrating our pioneering efforts. We will train 15 early stage researchers (ESRs) to become the pivotal next generation of specialists in Translational Vision Science, ready to take on leading positions to the benefit of healthcare, industry and science. Our consortium offers all the essential components to nurture this new generation of cutting-edge scientists: they will learn how to quantify the visual demands of activities of daily living and to use their new insights to design objective, effective and easy-to-use tests and tools of functional vision. These must also be of an inclusive nature so that also vulnerable people with vision impairment can use them. Experts in the application, evaluation and valorization of solutions will ensure that our ESRs also know how to make their new tests and tools succeed in the real world. Thus, we will equip the ESRs with a unique portfolio of skills and competences, well-balanced for both academic and non-academic careers. Their skills are urgently needed to remove the roadblocks that presently limit progress in the translational vision field. Our innovative research program will guarantee that ESRs can make a real difference to the lives of the millions of people with vision impairment in Europe, by improving their opportunities to work, play sports, and participate in wider society, to their fullest potential.
Policy and Public-Private Partnerships for Offshore Wind EneRgy

OSW: HUGE POTENTIAL, INVOLVEMENT OF REGIONS CRUCIAL BUT PATCHY
4POWER (Policy and Public Private Partnerships for Offshore Wind EneRgy) focuses on the role of regions in relation to Offshore wind energy (OSW). OSW has an enormous potential as a renewable energy source: EEA has calculated that it is economically feasible to generate over 60 to 70% of EU’s total  energy demand by OSW in 2020. Regions are crucial for further OSW development, for practical reasons - electricity cables have to ‘land’ in coastal regions – and because of the political and strategic role they can play – e.g. creating Triple Helix linkages and stimulating business networks.

While the technological advancement in OSW applications is considerable in industry, the uptake in terms of knowledge and effective policy in Europe’s regional and local governments is still patchy. There are clear front-runner regions on offshore wind energy implementation and regions with similar ambitions, but without the level of
experience and/or knowledge to implement OSW in the short term.

PARTNERSHIP REPRESENTING DIVERSITY, STRONG INTERREGIONAL COOPERATION
4POWER stimulates knowledge exchange between front-runner regions (Rostock, Dundee), regions underway (Emden, Groningen, Rimini) and regions in the stage of orientation (Azores, Malta, Latvia) to create common understanding on current and future regional challenges in OSW development. The partners represent various angles of the Triple Helix: local and regional authorities, specialised energy institutes set up by government, public-private business organisation and knowledge institutions. 
The level of interaction between partners is strong, there are 7 joint project meetings, 11 bilateral study visits and 3 international conferences. The 4POWER approach is such that the transnational project groups specify the required regional input, this input is then translated back to project and EU level.

2 THEMES, 3 PHASES  -  The partners
jointly work on two themes: creating an efficient regional policy framework (1) and a favourable business and innovation climate aimed at implementation (2). Three phases are defined for project implementation: divergence (regional consultation rounds, comparative analysis documents), convergence (mainstreaming session, good practice examples, thematic guidelines), and translation into strategy (local/regional strategies, project implementation guide (PoG)  and EU OSW policy charter).

The PoG is directed towards regions and will be offered to the Committee of the Regions. It's an overview of project findings, summarizing local implementation plans, forming a guide for regions to prepare for OSW development.The policy charter will include practical policy recommendations towards EU policy-making level on how to make regions more aware and better equipped to create an EU level playing field for OSW implementation. It will be offered to a high-profile EU official at the end-event.
All-Phononic circuits enabled by opto-mechanics

This project is at the intersection of photonics, RF signal processing and phononics, aiming to achieve an all-optical phononic circuit using coherent phonons as the state variable. The concept is based on cavity optomechanics (OM) to develop GHz- frequency in-chip phononic circuits for room temperature operation. The circuits will integrate OM-pumped phonon sources and detectors as well as phonon processing components (waveguides, splitters, memories, photonic RF signal processing) to process information with phonons outside the cavity. The project seeks to prove two concepts. One is the efficient generation of GHz to tens of GHz coherent phonons, coupling them efficiently into a waveguide, engineering their propagation with low losses and detecting them at room temperature. The other is the synchronisation of two or more self-sustained OM cavities, which relies on the integration of several phononic components. Phonon-based processing will enable on-chip synchronisation and transfer of information carried between optical channels by phonons, which could eventually serve as a future scalable platform for, e.g., practical information processing with phonons. The technical work is organised in three work-packages: Theory, Components and Integration. The consortium is made up by three leading research institutes, three universities with an internationally recognised track-record in their respective areas of expertise and an industrial partner bringing their photonics, phononics, optomechanics, electrical engineering, integration, nanofabrication, theory, multi-physics/multi-scale modelling, instrumentation and application of detectors to the project.
How the human brain combines the certainty of prior expectations and the clarity of sensory input during speech perception

A fundamental question in the study of human perception concerns how we combine new sensory information with prior knowledge. Different underlying neural mechanisms have been proposed for how perceptual priors are combined with sensory input depending on their respective certainty to generate a subjective experience. Predictive Coding models suggest that neuronal populations compare (bottom-up) input from the sensory organs against (top-down) predictions so that only the unexpected part of the input is processed. Alternative models (e.g., Sharpening) propose that perceptual representations of the expected sensory input are enhanced while unexpected sensory input is suppressed. The objective of this proposal is to close this controversial research gap by testing 1) how top-down and bottom-up influences on perception depend on their respective certainty, i.e., the confidence in prior predictions and the clarity of sensory evidence, and 2) whether and how this mechanism is related to inter-individual differences during perception. To achieve this I will test multiple neuroimaging techniques (fMRI and EEG) against computational simulations of the two models. I will use state-of-the-art brain-activity pattern analysis to decode brain responses to individual words during perception of degraded speech. The innovative approach of combined pattern-information analysis techniques will allow unprecedented access to decode how prior information changes the representation of sensory information. The results of this project will have important implications for several clinical areas, e.g., the treatment of hearing impairments and neuropsychiatric conditions that are accompanied by aberrant perceptual experiences such as autism or schizophrenia. By strengthening my portfolio of research skills, the proposed project represents the perfect lead-in phase to put me in the position to start my independent research group at the host organisation and ultimately obtain a permanent post.
A clinical observation of photodynamic therapy as an adjunctive to scaling and root planing in treatment of severe chronic periodontitis

Objective To compare the efficacy between photodynamic therapy( PDT) as an adjunctive treatment of severe chronic periodontitis with scaling and root planing in patients and treatment of SRP. Methods This is a split-mouth,randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 300 sites,in which probing depth was not less than 7 mm,were selected from 34 patients with severe chronic periodontitis. These sites were randomly assigned to SRP plus PDT using a laser source with a wavelength of 660 nm associated with 26. 7 mmol·L1 methylene blue as the photosensitizer after SRP( test group) and the contra-lateral teeth were assigned to SRP only( control group). Probing depth( PD) and bleeding on probing( BOP) were recorded at baseline,1 and 3 months after SRP. Results There was no statistically significant difference in PD and BOP before periodontal treatment in both groups( P 0. 05). Clinical parameters improved significantly after both therapies,whereas higher reduction of PD and BOP were observed in the test group 1 and 3 months after SRP( P 0. 05). Conclusions Photodynamic therapy has an additional benefit to scaling and root planing when treating patients affected with severe chronic periodontitis.
Problem definition and information provision by federal bureaucrats

Federal bureaucrats are important sources of information about policy problems. However, federal officials compete for this influence with organized interests plying their own problems and solutions. We attribute the differential agenda influence of the federal bureaucracy to efforts in Congress to construct workable problem definitions in a context of uncertainty about issues. From both behavioral and rational models of congressional decision making, we develop a theory of congressional search for information during problem definition under conditions of uncertainty. The theory presages the prominence of federal bureaucrats in this search, and especially under uncertainty. Using new data sets capturing the appearance of federal bureaucrats at congressional hearings, we find that the mobilization, prominence, and types of federal bureaucrats providing information is explainable in terms of congressional uncertainty about problem definitions.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, LEVERAGE, ROA, DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN PADA PENGHINDARAN PAJAK

Taxes are compulsory contributions from tax subject and addressed to the state. Companies subject to tax as one that contributes the most in state tax revenue. Corporate taxation is a burden that can reduce corporate profits, while tax revenue for the state is to be used to fund governance . The difference is what causes the interests of the company to manage the tax burden, both legally and illegally. Tax avoidance is one way companies manage their tax burden legal. Indonesian state tax ratio smaller than average medium- country tax rate shows that the government has not been able to optimally absorb the revenue derived from taxation and tax avoidance activity is indicated by the company in Indonesia. Factors that may indicate the presence of corporate tax avoidance activity should be observed both by investors and regulators. To determine the effect of corporate governance, leverage, return on assets (ROA), and the size of the company partially on tax evasion is the purpose of this study. Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and included in the 2010-2012 period CGPI rank numbering 55 companies sampled in this study. Tax evasion can be measured by the difference between commercial income with taxable income then the total assets of the company are used as a divider. The results showed that there are significant between Corporate Governance , ROA, and the size of the company with tax avoidance. Leverage variable in this study showed no effect on tax evasion .
PROCESS FOR FAST DISSOLUTION OF POWDER COMPRISING LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT ACRYLAMIDE-BASED POLYMER

A process for making down a powder is provided. The process comprises making down a powder comprising one or more acrylamide-based polymer(s) to form a made down powder solution, comprising blending a mixture of the powder and a solvent for no more than about 15 minutes to yield the made down powder solution, wherein the powder comprises particles having been dry-cut to a median particle size of from about 200 microns to about 10,000 microns.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF COMPRESSYVE STRENGTH AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE PRODUCED WITH GROUND BARITE

ABSTRACT In this study, compressive strength test and physical tests were made on concrete which was produced by using ground barite provided from Foreign Trade Inc. in Mu? province. Two different procedures were used in the experiments. In the first, concrete samples were prepared by decreasing the amount of aggregate in concrete mix at the rates of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%, respectively, and by adding ground barite at the same proportions. In the second, the samples were prepared by substituting cement with ground barite in the mixture at the proportions of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%, respectively, in order to understand whether ground barite had binding feature. The results of the first experiment showed that concrete unit weight and Ultrasonic pulse velocity test (PGH) values were increased by the addition of ground barite instead of normal aggregate, whereas surface hardness was decreased. Compressive strength was also increased by the addition of ground barite up to 40%. The second experiment showed that dry unit weight was increased linearly by the increase in the amount of ground barite in the concrete mixture. On the hand, while compressive strength was increased until the addition of ground barite up to 20%, it was observed to decrease by the addition of ground barite at higher proportions.
Evaluation von Real-World Daten des Hybrid-Closed-Loop-Systems Accu-Chek Insight mit DBLG1 aus Deutschland

Fragestellung Zahlreiche Studien zeigen bereits die positiven Effekte von AID-Systemen in der Typ-1-Diabetestherapie hinsichtlich der glykämischen Einstellung und Patientenzufriedenheit. Mit Real-World Daten kann ermittelt werden, ob diese unter Alltagsbedingungen fortbestehen. In dieser Analyse wurde die glykämische Einstellung nach 6 Monaten Nutzung des AID-Systems Accu-Chek Insight mit DBLG1 bei 998 Erwachsenen mit Typ-1 Diabetes (T1D) in Deutschland retrospektiv untersucht.
Teaching Reform Research of Mechanical Drawing Based on the Theory of CDIO

In order to improve the traditional teaching model of mechanical drawing, based on the theory of CDIO, we reformed the teaching model by using case teaching pattern and teaching based on the project. We actively carried out the teaching of the CDIO model, created a favorable environment for the cultivation of innovative talents, encouraged students' innovative spirit, and innovative ability. It would meet the needs of society for engineering talents knowledge structure and ability requirements, explore the new mechanical drawing course teaching.It was very important to cultivate the students' consciousness of engineering, awareness of quality, awareness of team and sense of responsibility. Therefore, better teaching results were obtained in our practice.
Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

■ CONTENTS General Information: Books, Reviews, and Conferences 640 Fundamentals 641 Interaction of Laser Beam with Matter 641 Factors Affecting Laser Ablation and LaserInduced Plasma Formation 642 Influence of Target on the Laser-Induced Plasmas 642 Influence of Laser Parameters on the LaserInduced Plasmas 643 Laser Wavelength (λ) 643 Laser Pulse Duration (τ) 643 Laser Pulse Energy (E) 645 Influence of Ambient Gas on the Laser-Induced Plasmas 645 LIBS Methods 647 Double Pulse LIBS 647 Femtosecond LIBS 651 Resonant LIBS 652 Ranging Approaches 652 Applications 654 Surface Inspection, Depth Profiling, and LIBS Imaging 654 Cultural Heritage 654 Industrial Analysis 655 Environmental Monitoring 656 Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Analysis 658 Security and Forensics 659 Analysis of Liquids and Submerged Solids 660 Space Exploration and Isotopic Analysis 662 Space Exploration 662 Isotopic Analysis 662 Conclusions and Future Outlook 663 Author Information 664 Corresponding Author 664 Notes 664 Biographies 664 Acknowledgments 664 References 664
Information on parameters of interest decreases under transformations

An important property of Fisher information is that it decreases weakly under transformation of random variables. Kagan and Rao (2003) [A. Kagan, C.R. Rao, Some properties and applications of the efficient Fisher score, J. Statist. Plann. Inference 116 (2003) 343–352] showed that, in the presence of nuisance parameters, Fisher information on the interest parameters decreases similarly. We prove here a general algebraic result on partitioned positive-definite matrices, and use it to show that the decrease in Fisher information on the interest parameters is bounded below by the conditional Fisher information on the interest parameters. A consequence is that standard large-sample confidence regions for parameters of interest based on the deviance, score and Wald statistics become asymptotically ‘wider’ under transformations, both in the context of independent identically distributed random variables and for the binomial detectability models of Fewster and Jupp (2009) [R.M. Fewster, P.E. Jupp, Inference on population size in binomial detectability models, Biometrika 96 (2009) 805–820]. One implication is that models that combine different data sources for inference on the interest parameters are asymptotically more efficient than models for any of the individual data sources, despite the possible need for further nuisance parameters when combining the sources.
Keller-Box Method and Its Application

Most of the problems arising in science and engineering are nonlinear. They are inherently difficult to solve. Traditional analytical approximations are valid only for weakly nonlinear problems, and often break down for problems with strong nonlinearity. This book presents the current theoretical developments and applications of the Keller-box method to nonlinear problems. The first half of the book addresses basic concepts to understand the theoretical framework for the method. In the second half of the book, the authors give a number of examples of coupled nonlinear problems that have been solved by means of the Keller-box method. The particular area of focus is on fluid flow problems governed by nonlinear equation.