SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Developing a novel framework for understanding  and scaling near-surface turbulence in complex terrain

Atmospheric turbulence exerts a dominant control on the exchange of heat, CO2, water vapor, pollutants and momentum between the surface and the atmosphere, and therefore drives phenomena as diverse as climate, storm systems, air pollution, and glacial melt. Existing turbulence theory was developed for horizontally homogenous flat terrain, and fails in more complex terrain. Thus, for the majority of our planetary surface no viable theory of turbulence is available, and approaches that are known to be inadequate are nevertheless applied. The time is ripe to close this fundamental knowledge gap and formulate a theory universally applicable in complex terrain. 

Unicorn addresses this using a synergy of measurements, numerical modelling and theory to create a novel framework extending the existing theory of near-surface turbulence to complex terrain. Based on the ground-breaking hypothesis that including the directionality of turbulent exchange (anisotropy) can encode the boundary conditions, Unicorn will identify the key physical processes that cause anisotropy in complex terrain to differ from that over flat terrain. Thus Unicorn will systematically explore the parameter space of different sources of complexity, such as topography, flow conditions and heterogeneity, using unprecedented analysis of over sixty measurement datasets over flat and complex terrain coupled with machine learning approaches, sensitivity studies using state-of-the-art high resolution numerical simulations, and reduced order theoretical derivations. This synergistic approach incorporating the effects of complex terrain into a framework based on turbulence anisotropy will bring a much-needed breakthrough for understanding turbulence in complex terrain. Findings will revolutionize near-surface turbulence representation in numerical models, leading to better predictive capability in numerous societally and scientifically relevant topics, such as climate, extreme weather and air pollution.
Augmented Lagrangian and penalty methods for the simulation of two-phase flows interacting with moving solids. Application to hydroplaning flows interacting with real tire tread patterns

The numerical simulation of the interaction between a free surface flow and a moving obstacle is considered for the analysis of hydroplaning flows. A new augmented Lagrangian method, coupled to fictitious domains and penalty methods, is proposed for the simulation of multi-phase flows. The augmented Lagrangian parameter is estimated by an automatic analysis of the discretization matrix resulting from the approximation of the momentum equations. The algebraic automatic augmented Lagrangian 3AL approach is validated on the natural convection in a differentially heated cavity, a two-dimensional collapse of a water column, the three-dimensional settling of a particle in a tank and the falling of a dense cylinder in air. Finally, the 3AL method is utilized to simulate the hydroplaning of a tire under various pattern shape conditions.
METHOD OF MAKING TCO FRONT ELECTRODE FOR USE IN PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICE OR THE LIKE

Certain example embodiments of this invention relate to an electrode (e.g., front electrode) for use in a photovoltaic device or the like. In certain example embodiments, a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) based front electrode for use in a photovoltaic device may be made by sputtering a ceramic target in a gaseous atmosphere tailored to optimize the electro-optical properties of the resulting TCO coating. For example, using a particular type of atmosphere in the sputtering process can permit the resulting TCO coating (e.g., of or including zinc oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, and/or ITO) to more readily withstand subsequent high temperature processing which may be used during manufacture of the photovoltaic device. Moreover, processing energy resulting from the high temperature(s) may also optionally be used to improve crystallinity characteristics of the TCO.
Synthesis, anticonvulsant and neurotoxic activity of some new 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles

Two novel series 2a–2d (2Z)-N-[5-(4-substituted)phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-2-[(2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ylidene]hydrazinecarboxamide and 1a–1d 5-(4-substituted)phenyl-N-[(1Z,2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ylidene]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amine have been synthesized and screened for their anticonvulsant and neurotoxic activity. After i.p. injection to mice at doses of 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole analogues were examined in the maximal electroshock induced seizures (MES) and subcutaneous metrazole (ScMET) induced seizure models in mice. Amongst all the compounds, 1a–1d and 2a–2d, one compound 1a exhibited activity at 100 mg/kg body weight at 0.5 and 4 h in ScMET, respectively. Compound 2b showed anticonvulsant activity at 100 mg/kg without activity in ScMET and neurotoxicity. The neurotoxicity was assessed by rotorod method, and all compounds (except 1a) were found to be safe at maximum administered dose.
Mapping interoperable eu ppdr broadband communication applications and technology

The BROADMAP project will take the first steps towards future procurement of ‘interoperable next generation of broadband radio communication systems for public safety and security’ (DRS-18) to improve PPDR’s service to Europe’s citizens and enhance interoperability across borders. 

The primary goal of this project is to: 
Collect and validate the PPDR (Public Protection and Disaster Relief) organisations’ existing requirements with the aim to establish a core set of specifications, and roadmap for procurement, to achieve future evolution of EU broadband applications and interoperable radio communication solutions

This project implements a Coordination and Support Action (CSA) with the purpose to inform and guide the future procurement of research and development, networks and devices and their deployment to realise new interoperable broadband networks, and the ecosystems of applications and services to support the PPDR and critical communications community. 

Project BROADMAP addresses the following goals:
– To collect, assess and validate the PPDR’s wireless broadband communication requirements
– To establish a core set of specifications to fulfil the requirements
– To define transition roadmaps for research and standardisation for future evolution of European interoperable radio communication solutions, within legal procurement constraints
– To prepare the ground for a new eco-system to catalyse new applications, services and processes making use of broadband capabilities for public safety and security
– To utilise the strength of the PPDR community through our partners, their expertise, knowledge, networks and relations with the aim to achieving interoperability across Europe. This importantly includes nuances of societal differences, including different cultures, geography, processes and legal frameworks 

BROADMAP integrates 15 potential buyers/end users from 15 countries, 8 of which are responsible ministries. 48 further end users provide initial support.
Imaging the Cell and Molecular Dynamics of Craniofacial Development

The development of the vertebrate head requires cell-cell and tissue-tissue interactions between derivatives of the three germ layers to coordinate morphogenetic movements in four dimensions (4D: x, y, z, t). The high spatial and temporal resolution offered by optical microscopy has made it the main imaging modularity for capturing the molecular and cellular dynamics of developmental processes. In this chapter, we highlight the challenges and new opportunities provided by emerging technologies that enable dynamic, high-information-content imaging of craniofacial development. We discuss the challenges of varying spatial and temporal scales encountered from the biological and technological perspectives. We identify molecular and fluorescence imaging technology that can provide solutions to some of the challenges. Application of the techniques described within this chapter combined with considerations of the biological and technical challenges will aid in formulating the best image-based studies to extend our understanding of the genetic and environmental influences underlying craniofacial anomalies.
SNAP-ON COVER FOR VEHICLE DOOR HANDLE

A door handle cover adapted for engagement to a door handle on a vehicle, comprising an elongate panel having an upper lip along an upper longitudinal edge thereof and a lower lip along a lower longitudinal edge thereof, the upper lip comprising a generally hook-shaped member that defines an interior region adapted to grippingly engage an upper portion of the door handle, the lower lip comprising a generally hook-shaped member that defines an interior region adapted to grippingly engage a lower portion of the door handle, wherein upon engagement of the upper lip and lower lip on the door handle the cover is thereby firmly affixed to the door handle.
Nano-Scale visualization to understand bacterial virulence and invasiveness - based on fluorescence nanoscopy and vibrational microscopy

In an interdisciplinary project, we will prototype a next-generation super-resolution microscope (SRM) and demonstrate its capability to bring about a major leap forward in our understanding of inter- and intracellular processes, and thus the cellular origin of diseases. Based on the recently invented MINFLUX concept, which pushes spatial resolution an order of magnitude beyond any other SRM technique, and by concerted development of detector technologies, lasers and image acquisition procedures, we will be able to retrieve information, not within reach by any other photonics-based technique. By extending operation to the near infrared, a hitherto un-accessible spectral range for SRM, we will strongly reduce phototoxicity and scattering, increase penetration depth and provide an additional spectral window for multiplexing. The developed prototype will allow nanometer-scale protein localization patterns to be resolved and to be placed in a cellular context by overlaid morphological, biochemical and metabolic images generated by label-free stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and two-photon excitation (TPE).
In a lead application, we will use the unique capabilities of the to-be-developed technology to study the molecular mechanisms underlying pneumococcal disease, largely attributed to localization patterns of specific bacterial surface proteins, and their intricate interactions with immune and host target cells. Pneumococci are a major contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide and we aim to provide vital information which can lead to new treatments and vaccines. We will also offer hands-on access to the technology to researchers from both academia and industry in an open demonstration facility. Together with the lead application, this will generate demand for microscopes, lasers and detectors, which the industrial partners will develop subsequent to this project based on the prototypes, further strengthening Europe´s industrial position in the microscopy field.
Roof top wind turbine for urban areas

High electricity prices and the lowering costs of renewable technologies and energy storage are leading European energy consumers towards a distributed generation and self-consumption model. Electricity consumers are progressively turning into prosumers (producers & consumers) who decide at a given moment whether to buy electricity from the grid, to self-consume or even to export it to the grid. Moreover, European energy regulations require EU consumers to commit to clean and energy efficient objectives. For instance, the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive requires all new buildings to be nearly zero-energy (NZEB) by the end of 2020 by reducing energy consumption and using renewable sources and all new public buildings to be NZEB by 2018. The most extended renewable energy in the world is wind power. However, wind power is not very common in urban areas where high speed laminar wind turns into a low speed turbulent one due to the existence of obstacles (buildings, houses, trees, structures, etc.). Traditional wind power turbines are not designed to work with low speed wind (2 m/s – 6m/s) and turbulent wind flows. Besides, traditional SWTs entail other serious problems such as the hazard of rotating machinery, vibrations, noise, the possibility of collapse atop buildings, blade shedding and visual impact. EOLI FPS is a patented rooftop vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) specifically designed to work under low speed and turbulent wind profiles such as the existing in urban environments. EOLIS FPS works perfectly with horizontal laminar wind but also take advantage of turbulent flows that adversely affect traditional wind turbines. Its internal rotor design facilitates the creation of vortexes out of the wind turbulence that drastically increases the driving force of the laminar wind. Besides EOLI FPS is safe, noiseless, does not vibrate and integrates aesthetically in the urban landscape.
Understanding the energy transition with a machine learning toolbox

The goal of this proposal is to build tools to better understand the economic impacts of the rapid transformation of electricity markets, and to help better design electricity markets going forward. I propose to develop and implement novel statistical tools and structural models that contribute to our understanding of this rapid transformation. The proposed research focuses both on firm strategic responses and investment (supply-side), as well as consumer behavior and welfare and distributional impacts (demand-side). The proposal presents several projects and methodologies that examine these issues in detail with unique high-frequency micro-data on firms and households.  The tools and models developed in this proposal can help understand the impacts of the energy transition, both on the supply and the demand side. Among the expected methodological contributions, I plan to combine machine learning tools with more standard structural modeling. On the supply side, the proposal emphasizes the need to understand how strategic behavior interacts with market design in the presence of intermittent resources. On the demand side, the proposal highlights the importance of understanding the distributional implications of such changes with special attention to the residential sector and the most vulnerable socio-economic households.
Cross-Border analysis of grassland greenness in asia: climate variations, grazing pressure, and land policy change

The Asian grasslands that stretch from the Eastern shores of the Caspian Sea to Manchuria in China are the largest continuous grassland biome worldwide and play a vital role in global carbon sequestration and in sustaining biodiversity. In recent decades, the integrity of the Asian grasslands became threatened by climate change and increasing land-use intensity, which in turn jeopardize the livelihoods of millions of residents that rely on the grassland resources for feeding their animals. To date, however, the spatial and temporal patterns of the changes in grassland resources across the region have not been systematically assessed. Moreover, it remains elusive how changing grazing intensity, climate variations, and institutional transformations have affected the grassland dynamics. This project aims to fill this gap by mapping the spatial patterns of vegetation changes across the Asian grassland biome for the past three and a half decades, and by quantifying the drivers of these changes. The dynamics of grassland greenness, as a proxy of plant growth, will be assessed using vegetation indices derived from remote sensing data. The changes in grassland greenness will then be statistically associated with climate data, subnational livestock statistics, and other control variables using spatial econometric panel analysis at fine spatial grain and annual temporal resolution. Combined, these analyses will shed light on the importance of climate variations and land-use intensity across institutional boundaries. Such insights are pertinent for deriving management options and policy solutions that simultaneously reduce grassland degradation and secure rural livelihoods in Asia. Besides the scientific goals, this action will provide a platform for the applicant and the host to share and transfer their knowledge and experiences in interdisciplinary research in human-environmental systems.
DIGITALISATION, SUSTAINABILITY AND SECURITY FOR METAL-PRESSES

PURPOSE ÃÂ Â: DIGITAL TRANSITION OBJECTIVES: — INTEGRATING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES INTO PRODUCTION PROCESSES: FUNCTIONAL INTERVENTIONS FOR THE INTEGRATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION CYCLE OF THE COMPANY’S GOAL ÃÂ Â: GREEN TRANSITION OBJECTIVES: — INCREASE THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF THE PRODUCTION SYSTEM: FUNCTIONAL INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION OR IN ANY CASE TO LOW ENERGY CONSUMPTION, TO RATIONALISE ENERGY FLOWS AND MINIMISE ANY ENERGY WASTE, TO RECOVER OR ENHANCE THE ENERGY DISPERSAFINALITÃ ÃÂ Â: SECURITY OBJECTIVES: — INCREASE THE SAFETY OF WORKERS, CUSTOMERS/USERS AND SUPPLIERS: FUNCTIONAL INTERVENTIONS TO IMPROVE SAFETY CONDITIONS IN THE WORKPLACE, WHICH REDUCE THE RISK OF ACCIDENTS, INCLUDING BY PROVIDING SOLUTIONS TO CONTAIN THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EMERGENCY FROM COVID-19
Energy Vision 2020 for South East European Cities 

The need to improve resource efficiency is at the heart of the EU agenda. This is evidenced both by the energy and pollution targets set, as well as the Resource-Efficient Europe flagship initiative, within the Europe 2020 strategy. In many countries win South East Europe, the energy intensity of countries is among the highest in Europe. Since these countries are expected to economically converge with European averages over time (GDP per capita) the correlative link between energy use and economic growth indicates that energy use in this region is likely to increase at above average rates. Envision2020 is based on the assumption that the energy elasticity (the ratio of the change in energy consumption to the change in GDP) of target cities can be modified based on forward looking approaches, in particular by undertaking foresight activities focusing on energy resources consumption. It does this by: -Analysing the energy sector and energy resources consumption in the target cities against EU priorities as well as legislation and institutions responsible for the development and implementation of energy strategy; -Identifying key technologies essential to improving the efficiency of energy resource consumption in cities; -Identifying and developing innovative new financial instruments to support RES and new forms of energy in collaboration with business and financial sector representatives; -The production of technology roadmaps and high-level meetings to endorse the roadmaps and develop policy recommendations to local and national levels; -The hosting of mutual learning workshops which allow for the identification and development of common vision for energy resources consumption as well as the development of joint policy priorities in order to share experiences, practices and successes in achieving their energy objectives. The main results include individual technology roadmaps, policy implementation plans and joint energy priorities for the SEE partner cities as well as recommendations to relevant EU institutions.
Premature newborn motor and cognitive impairments: early diagnosis

Prematurity exponentially increases the risk for an altered neurodevelopmental outcomes in childhood and adolescence. Many survivors children, face a lifetime of disability. Despite the advances in neonatal care have greatly improved survival of preterm born infants even at extremely low gestational ages we are now at a period of steadiness where no further improvement in long-term neurodevelopmental outcome is seen. The impact of these sequelae affects not only at a personal and familiar level but also poses a significant burden on society. Early diagnostics of brain injury and/or brain dysmaturation as well as early detection of impairments are important strategies to improve the well-being of children and their families allowing for developmental monitoring and medical evaluation of the specific type of disorder that affects a child and optimize therapeutics options. 
In this context, PARENT is a vision for a multidisciplinary approach to develop diagnostic and predictive platforms focused on newborn motor/cognitive impairments. PARENT will make a critical contribution towards an open neurodevelopmental disease diagnostic software infrastructure by interlinking disciplines from clinical data, neuroimaging collection and processing, biomarkers, data fusion, machine learning applied to clinical data, novel prediction algorithms.
To best leverage the data potential, PARENT envisions an easy-to-use software infrastructure which provides integrated databases, validated algorithms components and platforms built upon them. This vision can be included in the more general paradigm of evidence-based medicine, personalized medicine and patient center care, as well as decision support systems in clinical field. 
PARENT combines the efforts of a multidisciplinary network of 10 leading European research groups, industry partners, pediatric hospitals and parents’ association to develop a technological infrastructure that will train 15 Early Stage Researchers.
Exploring the Added Value of Population Distribution Indicators for Studies of European Urban Form

In Europe, landscape metrics dominate studies that apply quantitative analyses to urban form. Indicators describing population distribution in more detail than just population density, which in Europe are often neglected because of the difficulty in data acquisition, are likely to be more adequate for describing the socioeconomic perspective on urban form. This study aims to disclose the linkage between landscape metrics and population distribution metrics and to provide a better understanding of population distribution patterns. In our study, we quantified urban form in 35 European cities using the most common indicators from both groups of indicators, including measures for the gradient of population density with distance from the city center or (in-) equality of population distribution. We found that landscape metrics correlate only weakly with population distribution indicators by analyzing the correlation matrix. To obtain more insight into the largely neglected group of population distribution indicators, we also applied a regression analysis to understand their underlying information. The results show that population distribution indicators are related to other basic characteristics of cities, such as planning coordination and latitude. The indicated influence of national planning regime on urban form could stimulate further discussion on the effectiveness of urban planning measures. Our study demonstrates that population distribution indicators provide a different perspective than landscape metrics in describing urban form. We therefore stress that it is essential to include population distribution indicators also for describing European cities when aiming to comprehensively describe urban form.