SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Epidemics in ant societies on a chip

Living in societies amplifies the risk of getting sick, as pathogens can easily spread along the dense social interaction networks of the hosts. Sanitary care and the organisational structure of societies are expected to limit the risk of epidemics. Yet, how the defences of the individual group members scale-up, combine and synergise towards society-level protection, is poorly understood, as the majority of societies can only be studied via correlational and modeling approaches. Insect societies provide a powerful system for experimental studies, as whole societies are accessible for surveillance and manipulative approaches. We can monitor every behavioural interaction between all members, determine their effects on colony-wide disease spread and replicate experiments arbitrarily. The fitness effects of collective disease defences can be quantified, as they result in a single fitness measure of colony productivity. This is because all members of a social insect colony form a reproductive entity composed of the reproductive queens and males and their sterile workers. I will use an ant host–fungal pathogen system to find out how initial infection develops into an epidemic, and, in turn, how colony-level defence emerges from the interactions between its members. To infer effect from cause, I will not only observe the colony after initial infection of a subset of colony members, but also manipulate the sanitary behaviours and spatiotemporal interaction of host individuals. To this end, I will engineer an automatised platform, following the principles of lab-on-a-chip techniques, to individually target and manipulate colony members, and to quantify their behaviours. Fitness effects will be read out by the quantity and quality of reproductive offspring in the next generation. Such a long-term whole-colony approach is required for understanding the evolution of social immunity, that is, how disease shapes society and how society shapes disease.
ROAD-MARKING VEHICLE

Das Markierungsfahrzeug ist mit einer Farbspritzpistole (10) und einer Perlstreuvorrichtung (4) ausgerüstet. Die Verbindungsleitungen (9, 3) zwischen Farbspritzpistole (10) und Farbtank (7) sowie zwischen Perlstreuvorrichtung (4) und Perlbehälter (1) weisen einen ultraschalleitenden Rohrabschnitt (5, 11) auf, an dessen Aussenwand je ein Ultraschall-Messkopf                              (6, 12) zur Durchflussmessung nach dem Doppler-Prinzip befestigt ist. Die Ausgangssignale dieser Messköpfe werden in einer Rechenschaltung (13, 14, 15), unter Verwendung eines die Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit repräsentierenden Signals (18a), in Ausgangssignale (24, 23) umgewandelt, welche direkt die Schichtdicke der verlegten Farbe und die gestreute Perlmenge je Wegeinheit angeben. Ausserdem werden sie auf Anzeigegeräten (21, 20) angezeigt und in einem Registriergerät (22) laufend oder intermittierend aufgezeichnet. Auf diese Weise stehen sowohl dem für die Markierung Verantwortlichen als auch der kontrollierenden Behörde schriftliche Aufzeichnungen über die verlegten Farb-und Perlmengen zu Verfügung, wodurch bisher erforderliche umständliche Eigenüberwachungsprüfungen und Kontrollprüfungen entfallen können.
Spectroscopic properties of the 1.8μm emission of Tm3+/Yb3+ codoped TeO2–ZnO–Bi2O3 glasses with efficient energy transfer

Tm 3+ -doped and Tm 3+ /Yb 3+ -codoped TeO 2― ZnO ― Bi 2 O 3 (TZB) glasses are prepared by melt-quenching method. The Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters (Ω t t = 2, 4, 6), radiative transition rate, and radiative lifetime of Tm 3+ are calculated based on the absorption spectra. The 1.8 μm emission of the samples is investigated under 980 nm laser excitation. The absorption, emission cross-sections, and gain coefficient of Tm 3 + : 3 F 4 → 3 H 6 are calculated. The energy transfer processes of Yb 3+ ―Yb 3+ and Yb 3+ ― Tm 3+ are analyzed, the results show that the Yb 3+ ions can transfer their energy to Tm 3+ ions with large energy transfer coefficient, and a maximum efficiency of 79%.
On the relation between thermostatted ring-polymer molecular dynamics and exact quantum dynamics

We obtain thermostatted ring polymer molecular dynamics (TRPMD) from exact quantum dynamics via Matsubara dynamics, a recently-derived form of linearization which conserves the quantum Boltzmann distribution. Performing a contour integral in the complex quantum Boltzmann distribution of Matsubara dynamics, replacement of the imaginary Liouvillian which results with a Fokker-Planck term gives TRPMD. We thereby provide error terms between TRPMD and quantum dynamics and predict the systems in which they are likely to be small. Using a harmonic analysis we show that careful addition of friction causes the correct oscillation frequency of the higher ring-polymer normal modes in a harmonic well, which we illustrate with calculation of the position-squared autocorrelation function. However, no physical friction parameter will produce the correct fluctuation dynamics for a parabolic barrier. The results in this paper are consistent with previous numerical studies and advise the use of TRPMD for the computation of spectra.
Innovative cross-border approaches for Textile and Clothing Clusters co-development in the Mediterranean basin

Project in brief _x000D_
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Cooperation in the Textile and Clothing (T/C) sector is part of a wider macroeconomic context characterized by a strong industrial restructuring in Europe, the delocalization of the production in lower costs countries or fiscal friendly locations and by subcontracting agreements with Southern Mediterranean companies. This cooperation model, implemented to counteract the aggressive price competition of China and other emerging countries, has produced unwanted consequences: waste and loss of technical skills and competences in the Northern Mediterranean regions, low entrepreneurship in the Southern regions and a partial inability to respond to new competitive challenges. With an innovative approach looking at emphasizing the role of entrepreneurship for the international development of clusters and SMEs, TEX-MED Clusters project aims to foster the replacement of the old model with a more advanced one based on “multi-localization + co-contracting”, in order to start a co-development process to upgrade the entire textile sector in terms of competence, entrepreneurship, innovation and international competitiveness. _x000D_
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Specific objectives _x000D_
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• To increase the quantity of links, partnerships and cooperation initiatives among the Textile and Clothing (T/C) industries of the Mediterranean basin _x000D_
• To speed up an industry evolution toward an integrated T/C Med system to replace the old “delocalization + subcontracting” model with a more advanced and balanced “multi-localisation + co-contracting” model
Unrevealing dry season plasmodium falciparum replication biology

Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for over 200 million yearly malaria cases and the major burden is upon African children. Public health strategies to control and ultimately eradicate malaria are very much needed. In Africa, seasonal transmission of this mosquito-borne parasite is very common. Infections in adults are clinically silent whilst in children it generally leads to clinical disease with nearly half a million deaths each year. The dry season represents a major challenge for the parasite’s survival due to the absence of the transmission vector; yet, P. falciparum seems to be capable of maintaining low parasitemias just enough not to kill but not to die. During the dry season, an important fraction of these children remains clinically silent for months despite the decrease in P. falciparum-specific antibody levels. This low parasitemia reservoir is indispensable to spread transmission in the following rainy season. How do parasites not increase to the point of causing clinical malaria in these children during the dry season? We hypothesize that during the dry season with no mosquitoes available to transmit, continuous rounds of P. falciparum blood stage replication lead to a differential gene expression related to cell cycle progression allowing the maintenance of low levels of parasitemia. The Center for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg has an interdisciplinary and translational orientation and is embedded in partnerships with groups in malaria endemic countries, representing a unique environment to execute the objectives of this project. I offer translational expertise in the malaria from my previous experience in malaria endemic areas of Brazil as well as in state-of-the-art laboratories in the US. This ambitious yet feasible project also offers the opportunity for me to broaden my expertise in malaria by acquiring knowledge in new area, which will allow me to build a solid background from which to become an independent researcher.
«Améliorer la gestion de Supernova Media»

L’objectif principal du projet est le développement de la capacité de gestion de «Supernova Media» et la croissance par l’introduction et la certification de systèmes de gestion de la qualité, de protection de l’environnement et d’utilisation d’un système fondé sur les TIC pour l’organisation des ressources. Les objectifs spécifiques portent sur les améliorations et optimisations individuelles des principaux processus par l’introduction des nouvelles normes et la couverture de l’activité globale de l’entreprise par le système ERP. Le projet couvre quatre activités principales — la mise à jour du MCS selon la norme ISO 9001:2015; achat d’équipements liés à l’obtention d’une certification MCS réussie; mise en œuvre et certification de l’EMS ISO 14001; mise en œuvre d’un PGI. Sa mise en œuvre répondra à notre besoin d’une meilleure gestion de l’ensemble de l’activité, y compris des ressources, de la qualité et de l’information. Nous mettrons à jour notre système de qualité en éliminant ses faiblesses et en l’adaptant aux changements de nos activités et de notre organisation. L’achat d’équipements nous aidera à répondre aux exigences des clients, à augmenter leur satisfaction et à créer de l’efficacité dans les moyens de surveillance et de mesure. La mise en œuvre du SME prouvera notre responsabilité en matière de protection de l’environnement. Les systèmes ISO 9001 et ISO 14001 contribueront à une amélioration significative des processus de gestion de l’attitude de l’entreprise et de la clientèle, à la systématisation de la documentation et au renforcement du contrôle. L’introduction d’un seul logiciel spécialisé pour la gestion des ressources (ERP) réunira les activités de l’entreprise en une seule plateforme fournissant des informations complètes sur les processus. Le système tiendra compte de l’interdépendance entre les processus, ce qui contribuera à les gérer efficacement et à prendre les bonnes décisions de gestion. La synchronisation de l’information contribuera à une bonne gestion de la capacité des ressources — équipements et personnes. Les améliorations décrites nous permettront d’augmenter les ventes et les bénéfices.
Energy current magnification in coupled oscillator loops

Motivated by studies on current magnification in quantum mesoscopic systems we consider sound and heat transmission in classical models of oscillator chains. A loop of coupled oscillators is connected to two leads through which one can either transmit monochromatic waves or white noise signal from heat baths. We look for the possibility of current magnification in this system due to some asymmetry introduced between the two arms in the loop. We find that current magnification is indeed obtained for particular frequency ranges. However the integrated current shows the effect only in the presence of a pinning potential for the atoms in the leads. We also study the effect of anharmonicity on current magnification.
European industrial doctorate in future efficient minerals analysis, processing and training

MetalIntelligence proposes an EID in future efficient minerals analysis, processing and training. Transformational change caused by the third industrial revolution, which itself relies on extraction of raw materials, provides the impetus. A resource-efficient EU is recognised as a societal challenge. However, the pathway from searching for mineral deposits to metal production is complex and involves a number of sectors (geosciences, chemical analysts, mining, processing, metallurgy) that have tended to work in silos. Limited intersectoral collaboration has led to compartmentalised thinking which has become an impediment to improved resource and energy efficiency.
The overall aim of MetalIntelligence is to disrupt this compartmentalisation, by training 6 ESRs through a multi-disciplinary network of academic and industry leaders with an exceptionally broad range of expertise and skills. The team comprises three beneficiaries (2 academic, in Ireland and Sweden, and one Industry, Finland) as well as 4 partners (from the UK, Ireland, and Finland) who will provide secondment opportunities and/or industrial supervision.
The programme is arranged as work packages (WPs), including management, training, and dissemination as well as three research-driven packages. The first research-based WP aims to improve mineral analysis in preparation for more efficient processing. The second concerns itself with advanced modelling of dynamic minerals processing. The third will research modern, technology-enhanced training for future professionals. The tailor-made training programme consists of network wide components, delivered by industry and academia leaders as well as specific training in the workplace.
The objectives of MetalIntelligence were designed to align with European innovation capacity policies and the network will contribute to keeping the industries competitive by developing innovative, more gender-balanced human capital for the raw materials sector in Europe.
Effects of Moderate- and Intermittent Low-Intensity Exercise on Postprandial Lipemia

The elevation of postprandial plasma triglycerides (PPTG) in the blood is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Although acute exercise typically attenuates PPTG, the effect of exercise intensity on PPTG is less well established, particularly in well-controlled conditions for physical activities and diet.We sought to determine the efficacy of exercise at 65% V˙O2max with an extended sitting time and isoenergetic intermittent walking exercise at a self-selected walking speed (approximately 25% V˙O2max) on PPTG compared with that of a sitting control condition. In a randomized crossover design, nine healthy young men completed three trials with a >1-wk interval between trials. After 2 d of activity and diet normalization, participants performed prolonged sitting nonexercise control (CON), prolonged sitting with subsequent 1-h running at 65% V˙O2max (MOD), or isoenergetic intermittent walking at approximately 25% V˙O2max (LOW) on day 3. This was followed on day 4 by a 6-h high-fat tolerance test.MOD and LOW reduced incremental triglyceride (TG) area under the curve (TG AUCI) compared with that in CON by 33.6% (P < 0.005) and 19.8% (P < 0.05), respectively. MOD also reduced TG AUCI compared with that in LOW by 17.2% (P < 0.03). The reduced TG AUCI in MOD was accompanied by reduced plasma glucose response and enhanced fat oxidation compared with those in LOW and CON (for all, P < 0.05), respectively.Both MOD and LOW were effective in reducing PPTG compared with CON. However, MOD was more effective in reducing PPTG compared with LOW.
Innovative microturbine technology for delocalised, off-grid electricity generation

Advanced Microturbines and FAST’s AirWatt project is a Phase 1 winning project from the Horizon 2020 SME Instrument call of June 2014. The project is based on the industrialisation and commercialisation of a patented, miniaturised, integrated turbine and electrical generator, designed to be introduced into the gas supply pipelines, taking advantage of existing pressure drops and gas flow in the system to generate electricity that can be used to power apparatus for the monitoring and control of the pipeline. Our plan is to use our microturbine to power locally smart gas grid solutions, such as monitoring and control remote terminal units (RTUs).
Founded in 2013 in Genoa, Italy, as a spin-off of the Italian Institute of Technology, Advanced Microturbines Srl, is a technology-driven micro-enterprise and inventor of the integrated, miniaturised turbine-generator that is the basis for AirWatt. In our mission to develop our innovative idea and bring to the market novel solutions for energy storage and supply system for off-grid applications, we encountered the company FAST SpA, a manufacturer of automation and process control systems based in Reggio Emilia, Italy.
With more than 30 years of experience, FAST is one of the leaders in control and supervision systems,  recognised for their state-of-the-art solutions.
SPATIAL DISCONTINUITY FOR THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE EU REGIONAL POLICY: THE CASE OF ITALIAN OBJECTIVE 1 REGIONS*

The economic impact of the Regional Policy of the European Union is still controversial. This paper exploits administrative boundaries as spatial discontinuity to estimate the causal effect of this policy on the Italian Objective 1 regions’ employment. The analysis, developed both in a border strategy framework (municipalities contiguous to the policy-change boundary) and with more traditional RDD models balanced by spatial forcing variables (centroids’ distance and coordinates), shows that the EU Regional Policy produced a positive impact on employment levels, without any displacement of economic activities away from nontreated regions and a concentration of the impact in key economic sectors.
Investigations into the well-controlled stereoselective ring-opening polymerisation of lactide

Polylactide (PLA) is a biodegradable and biocompatible alternative to traditional petrochemicalbased polymers. Synthesised by the ring-opening polymerisation of lactide (LA), the dehydrated form of lactic acid, PLA sits within a renewable cycle, and can be used in many commodity and biomedical applications. The intrinsic stereochemistry of LA can lead to a variety of polymer microstructures, and current industrially used initiators allow no control over this. Within this thesis a series of investigations into the use of amine tris(phenolate) metal complexes as stereoselective initiators for the ROP of LA are discussed. Chapter 1 introduces the field of ring-opening polymerisation (ROP) via a coordination insertion mechanism, presents previously reported initiators, and examines the influence of stereocomplexation on the physical properties of PLA chains. This introductory chapter also includes an in-depth review of recent developments in poly(phenolate) complexes of Group 4 and rare earth metals. Chapter 2 describes the synthesis of a series of isopropoxide and zwitterionic Group 4 complexes featuring the amine tris(phenolate) ligand motif, with emphasis on the effect of ligand variation on complex structure. The potential of the resulting complexes as initiators for the ROP of LA is also investigated, with in depth kinetic studies allowing for a proposed diastereoselective mechanism of stereocontrol. Chapter 3 details the synthesis of a series of borohydride and amide Group 4 amine tris(phenolate) complexes, and investigates their potential as initiators for the ROP of rac-LA. Chain-end analysis and kinetic studies are included, providing the basis for mechanistic discussions. Chapter 4 focuses on the synthesis of stereoblock PLA materials in a stereospecific manner, and co-block PLA-PEG materials by the reinitiation of short-chain macroinitiators. The effect of stereocomplexation on the thermal properties of these materials is investigated. Chapter 5 concerns the synthesis of a series of isopropanol and zwitterionic rare earth complexes featuring the amine tris(phenolate) ligand motif. The potential of these complexes as initiators for the ROP of rac-LA is also investigated, but only slight stereocontrol was observed in selected cases. Chapter 6 provides details of procedures employed in the synthesis of ligands, complexes and polymers within this thesis, as well as details of the analytical techniques used in their characterisation.
METHOD OF PRODUCING DRINKING WATER FROM CONTAMINATED GROUND AND SURFACE WATER

Organically contaminated water containing micro-organisms is purified by first oxygenating the raw water and passing it through a coarse-particle activated-carbon bed, thereafter further oxygenating the effluent from the first bed and passing it through a second bed, and chlorinate the effluent from the latter. The water traverses the bed with a specific loading of less than 4 hr<->1, the chlorine or other disinfectant is added in an amount greater than 0.05 and less than about 0.5 mg/liter of chlorine, and only the second bed is reactivated or regenerated.
Dual tactility keypad switch

A keypad assembly comprising a substrate, a membrane, and a logic component. The substrate has at least one set of electrical contact points that comprise a first, second, and a third conductive electric-contact area. The membrane comprises domed elements having a conductive elements fixedly attached thereto. Each conductive element is configured to interface with one or more of the electrical contact points with a soft press and a hard press. The logic component is in operative communication with the substrate and the membrane. The logic component is configured to distinguish between the soft press and the hard press.
The Lebesgue universal covering problem

In 1914 Lebesgue defined a 'universal covering' to be a convex subset of the plane that contains an isometric copy of any subset of diameter 1. His challenge of finding a universal covering with the least possible area has been addressed by various mathematicians: Pal, Sprague and Hansen have each created a smaller universal covering by removing regions from those known before.  However, Hansen's last reduction was microsopic: he claimed to remove an area of $6 \cdot 10^{-18}$, but we show that he actually removed an area of just $8 \cdot 10^{-21}$.  In the following, with the help of Greg Egan, we find a new, smaller universal covering with area less than $0.8441153$. This reduces the area of the previous best universal covering by $2.2 \cdot 10^{-5}$.