SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Intelligent corrosion management underpinned by advanced engineering science

Our planet’s population will continue to grow rapidly; between 2010 and 2025 the population will grow by 1.1bn. Urbanisation and growth of the consumer class in developing countries will lead to unprecedented demands on energy. There is arguably no bigger challenge to society than ensuring the security of affordable and environmentally-sustainable energy.  
Hydrocarbons will provide a large proportion of the world’s energy for the foreseeable future.  There is no escape from the critically low oil price worldwide. Innovation becomes important in this price environment.  “Easy” oil has already been found; future supply will come from complex reservoirs requiring enhanced oil recovery (EOR).  There is a massive growth in renewables technology; the EU is making steady progress towards its 2020 target. The EU renewables energy share increased from 8% to 15% in the decade to 2013.  Energy supply and consumption brings with it the global issue of climate change as emissions from industry and transport increase.  Inextricably linked to energy is the reduction of the global carbon footprint and Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) offers the only real technology that can handle the already produced carbon dioxide.
Corrosion in energy and environmental control linking to energy supply provide the underpinning rationale for this proposal. Corrosion is one of the major life-limiting factors for energy supply (oil and gas, renewables, EOR) and in environmental pollution control (CCS) and is estimated to cost 3% GDP.  This proposal brings some of the most exciting experimental and modelling engineering science to create a framework for the intelligent management of corrosion. INTELLICORR will use synchrotron techniques, advanced microscopy, numerical methods and environmental/cost analysis to bring about unprecedented advances in (a) prediction and management of localised pitting corrosion and (b) novel methods for green corrosion protection using the natural corrosion product layer
Investigation of velocity and temperature measurement sensitivities in cross-correlation filtered Rayleigh scattering (CCFRS)

The cross-correlation filtered Rayleigh scattering method is presented for planar measurements of time-averaged velocity, temperature, density, and pressure using laser scanning, Rayleigh scattering, and cross-correlation-based signal processing. Of particular note, the methods and analyses presented show that velocity and temperature measurements are obtainable at acceptable uncertainties for many aerodynamic applications with or without particles present. In the current work, velocity and temperature measurement uncertainties for this method are analysed by Monte Carlo simulations and evaluation of the Cramer–Rao lower bounds for the signals generated in this approach with aerodynamic applications in mind. A key aspect considered is the relative strength of Rayleigh (molecular) scattering and Mie (particle) scattering contributions to the simulated flow signal. Compared to particle-based velocity estimation, the effects due to convolution between the molecular filter and the broadband Rayleigh scattering spectrum are found to increase the estimator variance of the velocity. For given flow conditions, the velocity error associated with the signal processing routine with noise-free signals is found to be less than , and bias error associated with discrete sampling in the laser frequency domain is within . For these same conditions, temperature measurement simulations indicate bias error bounds of 0. 014% with random uncertainty bounds of less than ±1.4% for a signal with no Mie scattering contribution, and bias error bounds of less than ±0.14% with random uncertainty bounds of less than 3.2% for flows contaminated with Mie scattering sources at a signal-to-noise ratio of 25 dB or greater. This technique is also being further developed to measure density and pressure using the principles of laser Rayleigh scattering in flows containing particles of unknown sizes and concentrations.
State estimation for a class of nonlinear discrete-time complex networks subject to false data injection attacks

This paper is concerned with the state estimation problem for a class of nonlinear discrete-time complex networks subject to false data injection attacks. By utilizing Bernoulli random binary distributed white sequences, the false data injection attack model is established to describe the characteristics of false data injection attacks applying to the complex networks under consideration. An estimator is designed to guarantee the ultimate boundedness of the estimation error in mean square. By employing stochastic analysis approach, sufficient conditions are derived for the existence of the desired estimators whose gains are parameterized by minimizing an upper bound of the output variance of the estimation errors. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the results.
Flexural and interfacial behavior of metallic beams strengthened by prestressed bonded plates

Abstract Closed form solutions for the flexural and the interfacial behavior of steel beams strengthened by prestressed bonded plates are presented. The method includes the shear deformation effect of the beam and is applied to three different load cases. The effect of different parameters such as the prestressing level, steel grade and geometric and mechanical properties of the plate on both the interfacial shear stress and the flexural behavior of the plated beam is discussed. The results show that while the geometric and mechanical properties of the plate have influence on the stiffness and the yield load capacity of the plated beam, prestressing does not affect the stiffness of the plated beam but increases the yield load capacity. The qualitative results of the analytical method presented in this paper are then compared with the experimental results of laboratory tests, which show good agreement between theory and practice. The experimental results show an increase in the yield and ultimate load carrying capacity of the beams strengthened by prestressed carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates.
252 Recognition of pulmonary exacerbation (PEX) in adult patients with CF: An educational process to overcome barriers

Objectives PEX are the main cause of lung function worsening. Early recognition of PEX by patients should improve the management of the disease. The objective was to design an educational process to achieve a shared vision of PEX signs between patients and professionals and an action plan for the management of a PEX. Methods This work was conducted by the national multidisciplinary group in charge of therapeutic patient education, including patients and parents. The different steps were:
				 1. To classify an extensive list of clinical signs of a PEX in the three categories – signs at baseline, moderate and severe signs – and propose an educational session framework for patients in order to assess their knowledge of PEX signs, the actions to be undertaken and review timeliness of actions 2. To test the educational framework with a panel of patients 3. To adjust and finalize the educational process Results The educational framework was tested by caregivers in 18 patients aged from 17 to 41 during a dedicated time (average 45 min) during clinic visits in 6 CF centres. PEX signs awareness was satisfactory but the severity of exacerbation was often underestimated. Actions were known but management was delayed because of barriers related to the consequences of intravenous antibiotherapy or lack of motivation. Patients were usually satisfied by the educative session (score: 7/10). Conclusion Despite patients are aware of their personal forewarning PEX signs, some barriers may prevent them from appropriate management. Therapeutic patient education may be a process to check problem solving. Baseline improvement is a major challenge and motivation for adults with CF.
Tailoring modulation instabilities and four-wave mixing in dispersion-managed composite liquid-core fibers

We show that the ultrafast nonlinear dynamics in supercontinuum generation can be tailored via mixture-based liquid core fibers. Samples containing mixtures of inorganic solvents allow changing dispersion from anomalous to normal, i.e., shifting zero dispersion across pump laser wavelength. A significant control over modulation instability and four-wave mixing has been demonstrated experimentally in record-long (up to 60 cm) samples in agreement with simulations when using sub-psec pulses at 1.555 µm. The smallest concentration ratio yields indications of soliton-fission based supercontinuum generation at soliton numbers that are beyond the coherence limit. The presented dispersion tuning scheme allows creating unprecedented dispersion landscapes for accessing unexplored nonlinear phenomena and selected laser sources.
A new method for the covalent attachment of DNA to a surface for single-molecule studies

Attachments between DNA and a surface or bead are often necessary for single-molecule studies of DNA and DNA-protein interactions. In single-molecule mechanical studies using optical or magnetic tweezers, such attachments must be able to withstand the applied forces. Here we present a new method for covalently attaching DNA to a glass surface, which uses N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) modified PEG that is suitable for high-force single-molecule mechanical studies. A glass surface is coated with silane-PEG-NHS and DNA is covalently linked through a reaction between the NHS group and an amine modified nucleotide that has been incorporated into the DNA. After DNA attachment, non-reacted NHS groups are hydrolyzed leaving a PEG-covered surface which has the added benefit of reducing non-specific surface interactions. This method permits specific binding of the DNA to the surface through a covalent bond. At the DNA end not attached to the surface, we attach a streptavidin-coated polystyrene bead and measure force-versus-extension using an optical trap. We show that our method allows a tethered DNA molecule to be pulled through its overstretching transition (> 60pN) multiple times. We anticipate this simple yet powerful method will be useful for many researchers.
La incorporación de la mujer canaria a la actividad física a comienzos del siglo xx (1900-1936) a través de la prensa canaria

Sport was not the first social conquest of women in the Canary Islands. However, since the beginning of the 20th century it has been present in their life. The emancipation from domestic work, the attainment of some rights and British influences, introduced women to physical activity. This research aims to study the entry of women into sports in the early twentieth century through the historical, socio-cultural, educational and political moment from the analysis of the Canarian press. For this, press articles published in newspapers between 1900 and 1936 have been collected and analyzed. The results show how a part of society was in favor of women joining sports, although with restrictions, a situation that will not progress with the beginning of the Spanish Civil War.
SECURE REMOTE PAYMENT TRANSACTION PROCESSING USING A SECURE ELEMENT

Embodiments of the present invention are directed to methods, apparatuses, computer readable media and systems for securely processing remote transactions. One embodiment of the invention is directed to a method of processing a remote transaction initiated by a mobile device. The method comprises receiving, by a mobile payment application on a secure memory of the mobile device, transaction data from a transaction processor application on the mobile device. The method further comprises validating that the transaction processor application is authentic and in response to validating the transaction processor application, providing encrypted payment credentials to the transaction processor application. The transaction processor application further initiates a payment transaction with a transaction processor server computer using the encrypted payment credentials.
SU-E-T-392: Evaluation of Ion Chamber/film and Log File Based QA to Detect Delivery Errors

Purpose: Ion chamber and film (ICAF) is a method used to verify patient dose prior to treatment. More recently, log file based QA has been shown as an alternative for measurement based QA. In this study, we delivered VMAT plans with and without errors to determine if ICAF and/or log file based QA was able to detect the errors. Methods: Using two VMAT patients, the original treatment plan plus 7 additional plans with delivery errors introduced were generated and delivered. The erroneous plans had gantry, collimator, MLC, gantry and collimator, collimator and MLC, MLC and gantry, and gantry, collimator, and MLC errors. The gantry and collimator errors were off by 4⁰ for one of the two arcs. The MLC error introduced was one in which the opening aperture didn’t move throughout the delivery of the field. For each delivery, an ICAF measurement was made as well as a dose comparison based upon log files. Passing criteria to evaluate the plans were ion chamber less and 5% and film 90% of pixels pass the 3mm/3% gamma analysis(GA). For log file analysis 90% of voxels pass the 3mm/3% 3D GA and beam parameters match what was in the plan. Results: Two original plans were delivered and passed both ICAF and log file base QA. Both ICAF and log file QA met the dosimetry criteria on 4 of the 12 erroneous cases analyzed (2 cases were not analyzed). For the log file analysis, all 12 erroneous plans alerted a mismatch in delivery versus what was planned. The 8 plans that didn’t meet criteria all had MLC errors. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that log file based pre-treatment QA was able to detect small errors that may not be detected using an ICAF and both methods of were able to detect larger delivery errors.
Assessing the structural, mechanical and dispersible characteristics of flushable nonwovens

Flushable wipes have become popular among consumers who worry about environmental problems the world confronts today. However, whether these wipes have a positive effect on environmental protection is contradictory because of the lack of government regulations and legal obligations. Starting from this point, in this study, we characterized commercially available flushable products, which were manufactured from various raw materials by different production methods, in order to understand the relationship between their structure and performance properties. The results showed that production technology had a significant effect on the structural, mechanical, and dispersible properties of nonwovens. The disintegration percentage of nonwovens was inversely related to their wet strength. The findings of this study will be helpful in the design of new flushable nonwovens for improved wet strength and dispersibility performance.
ANTISENSE MODULATION OF Smad2 EXPRESSION

Antisense compounds, compositions and methods are provided for modulating the expression of Smad2. The compositions comprise antisense compounds, particularly antisense oligonucleotides, targeted to nucleic acids encoding Smad2. Methods of using these compounds for modulation of Smad2 expression and for treatment of diseases associated with expression of Smad2 are provided.
Can value capture work in a car dependent city? Willingness to pay for transit access in Perth, Western Australia

This paper investigates the impact of transit on urban land markets in the highly car dependent corridors of Perth with a focus on where new fast rail transit services have recently been built. It determines people’s willingness to pay for transit access within different pedestrian catchments for each of the corridors based on hedonic price modelling using land value data on over 460,000 households. The case study uses cross sectional and panel data hedonic price modelling methodology for the calculation of willingness to pay for transit. It finds that land market increases of up to 40% can be achieved, and is particularly relevant to car dependent cities looking to capture the financial and economic value created to build transit extensions or entirely new systems, thus making a strong case for value capture funding of transit projects into car dependent suburbs and the potential for density increases near stations.
Landscape scenarios: A study of influences on attitudes and actions in a rural landscape

Abstract Landscape scenarios are a well-recognized and often applied tool in landscape and spatial planning. Their frequent use raises the question of how the use of the scenario influences the attitudes and actions of the individual stakeholders in the landscape. The study was performed in the area of two rural communities in western Slovenia and focused on two groups of stakeholders, farmers and decision-makers, because these groups have the ability to directly or indirectly impose landscape changes. The farmers were separated into a test and control group and participated in an experiment that included a scenario experience different for the test and control group and ended with a survey interview. Decision-makers participated in a two-round Delphi study, which also involved a scenario exercise. Overall, the results confirmed that landscape scenarios influence attitudes associated with the landscape. The impact on actions was only partially confirmed, as many external factors that might also influence future actions could not be excluded, such as personal characteristics, professional occupation or the characteristics of the farm. The study provides implications for further research, such as the magnitude of scenario impact and the interaction of scenario use with other factors which might affect the formation of and changes in attitudes and actions associated with landscape.
Understanding the Appeal of the Taliban in Pakistan

The past six years, since 2004, have witnessed a significant rise in incidents of terrorism in Pakistan. The writ of the state has been directly challenged by the rise of many extremist, militant groups, who have transmigrated from Pakistan's tribal areas. These groups have assumed control of large areas in Pakistan, like Swat in Khyber-Pakhtoonkhwa, still popularly known as the North West Frontier Province (NWFP). The momentum of this extremism is marked by an unprecedented alacrity, organizational capability, and impunity to engage the state militarily. Scholarship has not kept pace with terrorism, and is in a nascent stage in Pakistan, with little understanding and research among researchers, analysts, and policymakers into the drivers of extremism. Among the possible factors giving rise to terrorism in Pakistan, poverty and poor social indicators figure prominently.
The Evaluation of a Standardized Call/Recall System for Childhood Immunizations in Wandsworth, England

To improve uptake of childhood immunizations in Wandsworth we developed a standardized call/recall system based on parents being sent three reminders and defaulters being referred to a Health Visitor. Thirty-two out of 44 primary care practices in the area implemented the intervention in September 2011. The aim of this study was to evaluate the implementation, delivery and impact on immunization uptake of the new call/recall system. To assess implementation and delivery, a mixed method approach was used including qualitative (structured interviews) and quantitative (data collected at three months post-implementation) assessment. To assess the impact, we used Student's t test to compare the difference in immunization uptake rates between intervention and non-intervention practices before and after implementation. The call/recall system was viewed positively by both parents and staff. Most children due or overdue immunizations were successfully captured by the 1st invitation reminder. After three invitations, between 87.3 % (MMR1) and 92.2 % (pre-school booster) of children identified as due or overdue immunizations successfully responded. Prior to implementation there was no difference in uptake rates between intervention and non-intervention practices. Post-implementation uptake rates for DTaP/IPV/Hib, MMR1, MMR2 and the pre-school booster were significantly greater in the intervention practices. Similar findings were seen for PCV and Hib/MenC boosters, although the differences were not statistically significant at the 5 % level. Following the successful implementation of a standardized call/recall system in Wandsworth, other regions or primary care practices may wish to consider introducing a similar system to help improve their immunization coverage levels.
Keep and lock assembly and keep for receiving locks

A keep rail 110 having a plurality of keeps 112, 114, 116 for engagement with respective portions of the door lock 122, 124, 126. The keeps 112, 114, 116 are arranged symmetrically with respect to a central axis of the keep rail which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the keep rail. Thus the keep rail can be used on both left and right handed doors or windows by rotation of the keep rail about its axis of symmetry. <??>Also disclosed is a keep rail 200 having one or more keeps 202, 204, 206 and a plurality of slots 210, 212, 214, 216 through which elongate fixing means such as screws can be inserted. This makes it possible to fix the frame to the structure of the building after the keep rail has been mounted to the frame, even though the keep rail covers most of the frame. <IMAGE>
La ley siniestra de la madre en Mapocho (2002) de Nona Fernández

ResumenEl artículo analiza Mapocho (2002), la primera novela de la escritora y actriz feminista Nona Fernández (1971, Chile), a partir de lo que se denomina lo siniestro materno.El texto propone leer los modos en que opera en el relato una cierta simbolización ominosa de la maternidad como forma de habitar el trabajo de la memoria en la postdictadura.La primera parte del ensayo elabora un acercamiento teórico al problema de la ley de la madre desde un enfoque psicoanalítico, mientras que la segunda se detiene en la interpretación de la novela.La lectura crítica de la misma está organizada en torno a la figura simbólica de la madre ánfora y la repetición de su ley.
Both physiology and epidemiology support zero tolerable blood lead levels

Inorganic lead is one of the most common causes of environmental metal poisonings, and its adverse effects on multiple body systems are of great concern. The brain, along with the kidneys, are critically susceptible to lead toxicity for their hosting of high affinity lead binding proteins, and very sensitive physiology. Prolonged low-lead exposure frequently remains unrecognized, causes subtle changes in these organ systems, and manifests later at an irreversible stage. With the repeated documentation of "no safe blood lead level", the pernicious effects of lead at any measurable concentration need to be emphasized. In this review, we surveyed articles on chronic low-level lead exposures with a blood lead concentrations <10μg/dL and the development of neurobehavioral or renal disorders. The negative impacts of lead on both nervous and renal systems were obvious at a blood lead concentration of 2μg/dL, with the absence of any detectable threshold. The deleterious effect of lead on two different organ systems at such low concentrations drew our attention to the various extracellular and intracellular events that might be affected by minimal concentration of body lead, especially blood lead. Is there a true common ground between low-level lead toxicity in both the nervous system and the kidney?