SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Collaborative recommendations and adaptive control for personalised energy saving

Achieving the European environmental objectives for 2020 requires not only technological progress, but also a major change in energy consumption behaviour. The enCOMPASS project will implement and validate an integrated socio-technical approach to behavioural change for energy saving, by developing innovative user-friendly digital tools to make energy consumption data available and understandable for different stakeholders (residents, visitors, public actors, building managers, utilities and ICT-providers) in ways that empower them to achieve energy savings and manage their needs in energy efficient, cost-effective and comfortable ways. It will demonstrate how this can be achieved with a holistic approach that integrates visualisation of energy data collected from smart sensors, user-generated information and context-aware collaborative recommendations for energy saving, intelligent control and adaptive gamified incentives.  
The enCOMPASS system will be realized as an open platform combining 1) context-dependent energy usage information from in-home sensors (smart meters and smart home appliances for heat and electricity), 2) user-generated information (automatic and manual activity tracking), 3) adaptive gamified energy visualisation and 4) intelligent controls and automation. The platform is developed to achieve sustainable changes in user energy consumption patterns without compromising comfort levels. The enCOMPASS system will integrate existing technology, product and service offerings of the utility and technology partners, customize and extend them to offer improved and new types of their offerings.
The enCOMPASS platform is the heart of a new business ecosystem that enables players in the energy domain to develop their own white-label solutions on top of the platform, or to integrate and use individual services or platform modules. This set-up results in societal, environmental and economic impact of enCOMPASS above and beyond the reach of the pilots.
Self-Contained Frequency Trimming of Micromachined Silicon Resonators via Localized Thermal Oxidation

An electronically controllable frequency trimming technique based on localized thermal oxidation of single crystalline silicon resonators is demonstrated. Thin layers of silicon dioxide can be thermally grown on silicon surfaces of resonant structures via extreme joule heating of such when biased with relatively large bias currents in an oxygen-rich environment. Changes in structural stiffness or oxidation induced internal stress causes a shift in the resonant frequency of the structures that can be used for post-fabrication frequency trimming of silicon resonators. As an added advantage, the positive temperature coefficient of Young's modulus for the added silicon dioxide layer can partially compensate the large negative temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) for the silicon resonators. Frequency trimming as high as ~ 3.7% and TCF as low as 0.2 ppm/°C has been demonstrated for a 54 MHz I-shaped resonator using this technique. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that coupling of mechanical resonance to electrical resistance and consequently joule heating of the structure can lead to a cooling effect at mechanical resonant frequency of the structure that allows the localized oxidation to stop automatically as soon as the resonator frequency reaches a targeted actuation frequency applied to the structure. The viability of this concept is demonstrated by application of both off-resonance and at-resonance actuation signals to fabricated resonators showing that as opposed to the off-resonance signals, the at-resonance signals with the same intensity do not lead to further frequency shift.
OPTICAL DETERMINATION OF THE POSITION OF THE STOPPER IN GLASS AMPOULES

The invention relates to a method for determining, inter alia, the position of a stopper in a medicament ampoule in a medical appliance by means of a light source and photosensitive sensor surfaces, and to a device for carrying out the method.
ASSEMBLY COMPRISING A BODYWORK PART AND A RADAR SENSOR, MOTOR VEHICLE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING AN ASSEMBLY

The invention relates to an assembly (3) for a motor vehicle (1), comprising a bodywork part (4), in particular a bumper, and comprising a radar sensor (5, 6), which is designed for detecting target objects (12a, 12b) by emitting electromagnetic waves through the bodywork part (4) and receiving radiation echoes from the target objects (12a, 12b), wherein the radar sensor (5, 6) has an azimuthal angle of detection (phi), by which a field of view (9, 10) of the radar sensor (5, 6) in the azimuth direction is defined, and wherein the radar sensor (5, 6) is arranged at a distance (32) from a rear side (31) of the bodywork part (4), and so the azimuthal field of view (9, 10) of the radar sensor (5, 6) intersects the bodywork part (4) in a region of intersection (33). For the absorption of interference waves outside the azimuthal angle of detection (phi), an absorption material (36) is applied to the rear side (31) of the bodywork part (4) outside the region of intersection (33) in the azimuth direction, wherein the region of intersection (33) is free from absorption material (36).
Characterization of ultrathin-body Germanium-on-insulator (GeOI) structures and MOSFETs on flipped Smart-Cut™ GeOI substrates

Abstract A novel way to realize UTB GeOI substrates, where the high quality surface layers of Smart-Cut™ GeOI is utilized for UTB structure through a layer transfer technology by direct wafer bonding and a GeOI thinning process by the combination of RIE and thermal oxidation, is proposed and demonstrated. The physical properties of the proposed GeOI are systematically evaluated with the thickness down to around 10 nm. The proposed GeOI fabricated and thinned by the present method exhibits better crystal quality than the original one, with preserving the good GeOI thickness uniformity down to the UTB region. The electrical properties of the GeOI structures are also examined by using GeOI pMOSFETs, which are realized with the GeOI thickness down to 11 nm. It is found that the hole mobility of the flipped GeOI is higher at a given GeOI thickness than that of the original GeOI.
Brain temperature homeostasis: physiological fluctuations and pathological shifts

Brain temperature is a physiological parameter, reflecting the balance between metabolism-related intra-brain heat production and heat loss by cerebral circulation to the rest of the body and then to the external environment. First, we present data on brain temperature fluctuations occurring under physiological and behavioral conditions and discuss their mechanisms. Since most processes governing neural activity are temperature-dependent, we consider how naturally occurring temperature fluctuations could affect neural activity and neural functions. We also consider psychomotor stimulants and show that their hyperthermic effects are state-dependent and modulated by environmental conditions. Since high temperature could irreversibly damage neural cells and worsen various pathological processes, we consider the situations associated with pathological brain hyperthermia and evaluate its role in acute perturbations of brain functions, neurotoxicity, and neurodegeneration. We also discuss the limitations in consideration of brain temperature within the frameworks of physiological regulation and homeostasis. While different adaptive mechanisms could, within some limits, compensate for altered intra-brain heat balance, these mechanisms could fail in real-life situations, resulting in life-threatening health complications.
Global burden of primary liver cancer in 2020 and predictions to 2040

The burden of liver cancer varies across the world. Herein, we present updated estimates of the current global burden of liver cancer (incidence and mortality) and provide predictions of the number of cases/deaths to 2040.We extracted data on primary liver cancer cases and deaths from the GLOBOCAN 2020 database, which includes 185 countries. Age-standardised incidence and mortality rates (ASRs) per 100,000 person-years were calculated. Cases and deaths up to the year 2040 were predicted based on incidence and mortality rates for 2020 and global demographic projections to 2040.In 2020, an estimated 905,700 people were diagnosed with, and 830,200 people died from, liver cancer globally. Global ASRs for liver cancer were 9.5 and 8.7 for new cases and deaths, respectively, per 100,000 people and were highest in Eastern Asia (17.8 new cases, 16.1 deaths), Northern Africa (15.2 new cases, 14.5 deaths), and South-Eastern Asia (13.7 new cases, 13.2 deaths). Liver cancer was among the top three causes of cancer death in 46 countries and was among the top five causes of cancer death in 90 countries. ASRs of both incidence and mortality were higher among males than females in all world regions (male:female ASR ratio ranged between 1.2-3.6). The number of new cases of liver cancer per year is predicted to increase by 55.0% between 2020 and 2040, with a possible 1.4 million people diagnosed in 2040. A predicted 1.3 million people could die from liver cancer in 2040 (56.4% more than in 2020).Liver cancer is a major cause of death in many countries, and the number of people diagnosed with liver cancer is predicted to rise. Efforts to reduce the incidence of preventable liver cancer should be prioritised.The burden of liver cancer varies across the world. Liver cancer was among the top three causes of cancer death in 46 countries and was among the top five causes of cancer death in 90 countries worldwide. We predict the number of cases and deaths will rise over the next 20 years as the world population grows. Primary liver cancer due to some causes is preventable if control efforts are prioritised and the predicted rise in cases may increase the need for resources to manage care of patients with liver cancer.
Comparison of Construction Costs for Vegetative Treatment Systems in the Midwestern United States

Vegetative treatment systems (VTSs) provide an alternative to containment basin systems for beef feedlot runoff control. Beef producers in the Midwestern United States have shown an increasing interest in using VTSs as a perceived lower cost option to containment basin systems. This article reports the actual construction costs associated with 23 VTSs (nine on permitted Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) and 14 on non-permitted Animal Feeding Operations (AFOs)) and four containment basins located throughout Iowa, Minnesota, South Dakota, and Nebraska. The VTS construction costs are reported on a per head space basis in 2009 adjusted dollars for each system. Cost comparisons are presented for CAFO and AFO facilities, and by system type. Additionally, estimated construction cost comparisons between open feedlots with VTS systems, open feedlots with containment basins, monoslope barns and hoop structures for beef production systems are provided. Results from the cost comparison indicate the average construction cost in 2009 dollars for an AFO or CAFO is $655 per head space for animals housed in a monoslope barn with a concrete floor and $395 per head space for animals housed in a hoop structure. For AFOs and CAFOs, the average cost of an earthen lot with a containment basin costs is $361 per head space, while the average cost of an earthen lot implemented with a VTS is $283 per head space. If only the feedlot runoff control system is considered, VTSs designed for CAFO facilities are less expensive on average to construct ($85 per head space on average) than traditional containment basins ($136 per head space on average). Similarly for AFO feedlot runoff control systems, a VTS was less expensive to build on average ($79 per head space on average.) than a containment basin on a similar facility ($205 per head space). The data indicated on average the least expensive VTS for an AFO is a gravity VTS ($54 per head space average.) followed by a sprinkler VTS ($94 per head space average.) and a pump and gravity VTS ($101 per head space average.). Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the VTS construction cost per head space of cattle for an AFO compared to a CAFO (p=0.07, alpha=0.05) while there was a statistical difference between system type (p=0.02, alpha=0.05).
Acculturation Model for L2 Acquisition: Review and Evaluation

In the last decade, research on second language acquisition (SLA) expanded enormously. The research literature abounds in approaches, theories, models, laws, and principles. It should be mentioned that theorizing in SLA should follow extensive and rigorous empirical research. Irrespective of these methodological issues, SLA research has gone ahead and spawned a plethora of theories. Ritchie & Bhatia (1996) assert that as empirical results on SLA became increasingly available in the 1970s, several general models of SLA were proposed with the purpose of integrating these results. Ellis (1985) identified seven key areas of SLA research: the acculturation model, accommodation theory, discourse theory, the monitor model, the variable competence model, the universal hypothesis, and neurofunctional theory (p.248). Though the assumptions underlying each model may be well motivated, none of the proponents, as yet, has suggested systematic methodologies to investigate the validity of the statements evolved from these models. This paper is an attempt to review, evaluate, and critique the validity of acculturation model. The procedures will be to: (a) briefly summarize the model  (b) examine the validity of the statements evolving from this theory, (c) review empirical evidence reported on in favor or against this theory, and (d) discuss the practical implication of this model in SLA.
Particle reduced, efficient gasoline engines

PaREGEn addresses the short term scope of the GV-02 call via research into and the innovation of gasoline engines for light duty vehicles. Specifically, engines used in mid to premium passenger cars will be addressed. With the electrification smaller vehicles, focusing on larger cars is especially important: the need for clean, efficient & economic engines for inter-urban transport is more urgent and effective to resolve the challenges of air quality, decarbonisation & cost-effective mobility.

Through using state of the art techniques, like optical engines, modelling & simulation tools (for new control strategies or understanding particle formation) and applying new engine componentry, the optimal trade-off between efficiency & emissions will be found. Of attention will be the control of particle numbers between 10 to 23nm. This learning will be used in two, manufacturer lead vehicle demonstrations. These demonstrators will use downsized engines not yet on the market. The two approaches will use different combustion, dilution, fuel injection, boosting and aftertreatment systems. Completion of the project will show the way forward to a 15% CO2 reduction along with real driving emissions limits. If adopted across all light vehicles these short term engine innovations will reduce the EU vehicle parc emissions by ~2MtCO2 in 2025, <10MtCO2 & ~10% PN>10nm in 2030. As well as improving EU competitiveness, a valuable contribution from PaREGEn will be new tools: to benefit engine design, development & control in general, long after project completion. 

PaREGEn has partners from EUCAR, CLEPA & EARPA; it is organized so learning from other projects in GV02 can be integrated. Experience from the PMP project and those proposed on particle measurement systems will be included via the partners & suppliers of PN-PEMS. PaREGEn’s partners give a global link to other nationally funded activities and, specifically, specialists in advisory roles will bring expertise from USA & Japan.
Geochemistry and mineralogy of surface pyritic tailings impoundments at two mining sites of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (SW Spain)

Two pyritic tailings impoundments located in two mining areas of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (Cueva de la Mora and Minas de Riotinto-Zarandas) were selected to asses their potential environmental impact. Mineralogical (XRD diffraction study), physico-chemical characterization (colour, particle size, pH, acid–base account, total Fe, As, Cu, Pb and Zn) as well as a speciation study (by means of a seven-step sequential extraction procedure) were performed in superficial (0–20 cm) tailings samples. Arsenic and metal contents in soils around the tailings impoundments were also studied. Zarandas dam, a reclaimed impoundment, which has been limed, partially topsoiled and planted, has supported and allowed the growth of pine trees and other plants for many years. The surface of this impoundment can be considered very acid but nonacid forming. Although total As and metal concentrations were relatively high, it is not possible to conclude that the Zarandas tailings have polluted the surrounding soils. Tailings in Cueva de la Mora showed high total and easily mobilizable concentration of toxic elements. The net neutralization potential was strongly negative as a consequence of the acid generation caused by the sulphide oxidation, the presence of secondary acid-generating minerals and the absence of neutralizing materials. Coquimbite and rhomboclase efflorescences formed during the Mediterranean dry summers on the surface of this impoundment contained very high levels of soluble As, Cu and Zn that were easily dissolved and released to the running water in the first rains of autumn.
The unknown force: how gossip shapes the functioning and performance of organizational groups.

Aim: To radically change the field of gossip research, this project builds theory that connects divergent perspectives on the effects of gossip on work group outcomes.

Background: Gossip, informal evaluative talk about absent third parties, is omnipresent in organizational groups. However, for scientists and practitioners alike, it is still an ""unknown force"" in organizations, because research findings about its effects on group functioning and performance are inconsistent. Whereas some studies point to the disruptive aspects of gossip, others claim it enhances group cooperation.

Innovation: I present the Gossip Origins, Subsequent Social Information Processing, and Performance (GOSSIPP)-framework, a new paradigm that views gossip in groups as a multi-level phenomenon: It, for the first time, systematically connects individual gossipers' intentions to group-level outcomes via social information processing by gossip recipients.

Propositions: Group members may gossip to benefit themselves or their group (proself vs. prosocial intentions, or motives). Receivers' reactions to gossip are affected by how they perceive senders' motives. These reactions in turn affect group-level processes. How these processes affect group performance depends on the type of group task.

Methodology: Four subprojects test the framework, applying a cross-disciplinary multi-method approach. Subprojects 1 and 2 employ laboratory experiments to assess causal effects of gossipers' motives and recipients' reactions on group processes and performance. Subproject 3 examines effects of different group compositions and feedback loops between performance and gossip, employing self-organizing computer modelling. Finally, to assess external validity, Subproject 4 examines work teams. Results will lead to long-sought understanding of when and why gossip is a functional or dysfunctional force and will enable evidence-based advice to organizations about the meaning and functionality of gossip for groups.
Hypertrans: transport of hyperpolarized substrates for metabolic mr imaging

Dynamic metabolic imaging with hyperpolarized substrates is a new and unique non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging tool. It opens the window to metabolic aberrations at the heart of many diseases, and the ability to image these changes provides the opportunity to fundamentally improve clinical diagnosis and treatment follow-up. Our long-term ambition is to make hyperpolarized substrates for metabolic imaging with MRI available for every clinical institution. The short-term goal to be reached first, is to make the technique of dynamic metabolic imaging available to the wide scientific community. We will implement a concept in which we can polarize substrates at one central location and store these hyperpolarized substrates for transport and use in other academic institutions. This solution overcomes the current need for an on-site dynamic nuclear polarizer when performing preclinical metabolic imaging with MRI, allows an efficient use of resources, and enables scientific institutions to easily adopt this powerful emerging imaging tool.
Once our proposed concept is proven, and in line with the existing infrastructure and legal license of our institution to manufacture, provide and transport radionuclide tracers to other hospitals, we propose to set up a spin-off company to manufacture, provide and transport hyperpolarized substrates to pre-clinical research institutions. We have currently contacted 11 pre-clinical research sites within transportation distance of our site, of whom 6 have already expressed serious interest in the possibilities of on-demand hyperpolarized substrates. When, in the long run, pre-clinical research has identified and validated the use of dynamic metabolic imaging for use in patients (e.g. in monitoring treatment response in oncology), this company can take the next step to provide hyperpolarized substrates to clinical institutions and general hospitals.
Chromatographic pumping system

To provide smooth constant flow from a pump, a chromatographic system comprises: a chromatographic column having an inlet; a pump for supplying fluid to the inlet of the chromatographic column; a power means for the pump motor; positive and negative feedback loop means for controlling said power means; means for energizing and said positive and negative feedback control means; said negative feedback control means receiving a signal from said means for measuring flow rate and including means for comparing said signal with said corrected flow rate reference signal while said second feedback loop is energized to generate an error signal controlling said power means; and said positive feedback control means applying an acceleration voltage to said motor from a time a preset period after the initiation of a return stroke of said piston until after a timed duration.
PHYSICAL METHOD FOR BLEACHING KERATIN FIBERS

The invention relates to a method for bleaching keratin fibers comprising the treatment of fibers with light from a pulsed, non-coherent light source of low or high energy density preferably in the range of 0.5 to 100 J/cm<2>. The preferred light source is a gas discharge light source whose lambda </= 500 nm spectral component is faded out.