SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Validating MODIS-derived land surface evapotranspiration with in situ measurements at two AmeriFlux sites in a semiarid region

Reducing uncertainties in the estimation of land surface evapotranspiration (ET) from remote-sensing data is essential to better understand earth-atmosphere interactions. This paper demonstrates the applicability of temperature-vegetation index triangle (T-s-VI) method in estimating regional ET and evaporative fraction (EF, defined as the ratio of latent heat flux to surface available energy) from MODIS/Terra and MODIS/Aqua products in a semiarid region. We have compared the satellite-based estimates of ET and EF with eddy covariance measurements made over 4 years at two semiarid grassland sites: Audubon Ranch (AR) and Kendall Grassland (KG). The lack of closure in the eddy covariance measured surface energy components is shown to be more serious at MODIS/Aqua overpass time than that at MODIS/Terra overpass time for both AR and KG sites. The T-s-VI-derived EF could reproduce in situ EF reasonably well with BIAS and root-mean-square difference (RMSD) of less than 0.07 and 0.13, respectively. Surface net radiation has been shown to be systematically overestimated by as large as about 60 W/m(2). Satisfactory validation results of the T-s-VI-derived sensible and latent heat fluxes have been obtained with RMSD within 54 W/m(2). The simplicity and yet easy use of the T-s-VI triangle method show a great potential in estimating regional ET with highly acceptable accuracy that is of critical significance in better understanding water and energy budgets on the Earth. Nevertheless, more validation work should be carried out over various climatic regions and under other different land use/land cover conditions in the future.
APPLICATOR FOR APPLYING MATERIAL SUCH AS MASTIC TO A SURFACE

An applicator for applying drywall mastic or other material to a flat drywall surface or to an outside drywall joint or other surface comprises a body member having an upper surface and a lower surface and a pair of opposed ends, a recess in the lower surface for connection to a source of the material to be applied to the surface and at least one pair of opposed arms pivotally mounted on one of the sides of the body member for movement between deployed and retracted positions depending on whether the material is being applied to an outside corner joint or a flat surface, respectively. In another embodiment, the applicator has a pair of relatively moveable blades located in operational relationship with respect to each other for controlling flow of the material from the recess to the surface to which it is being applied.
Introducción. La guerra entre política, ética y arte militar en Maquiavelo

Una de las críticas recurrentes a la concepción de la guerra de Maquiavelo es que considera este fenómeno como algo totalmente “natural”. La guerra pertenece a la “naturaleza de las cosas” y por lo tanto es inútil preguntarse si es posible que exista un mundo libre de guerras, ni si la forma de hacer la guerra tiene que obedecer a un sistema de reglas establecidas en el ámbito de la ley. Sin embargo, la idea maquiaveliana de la guerra como algo “natural” no resulta del “sentido común” o de la experiencia inmediata. Al contrario, se trata de una concepción filosófica, se podría decir incluso ontológica, que depende de una idea de “orden” y de “naturaleza” que remite, en última instancia, al atomismo antiguo.
Dr Pugh: A Poisoner?

On 16 February 1845 the Reverend W. H. Browne, rector of St John's Church in Launceston, Van Diemen's Land, wrote in his journal, “My dear Wife died very suddenly almost immediately after and in consequence of taking a preparation of Hyd. Cyan. Acid prepared &amp; supplied by Dr Pugh” 1 . This journal entry raises a number of questions. Was Dr Pugh treating a condition which he thought merited that treatment or was it a ghastly mistake? Was Caroline Browne suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis? Was hydrocyanic acid an accepted treatment at that time? Did Mrs Browne take the wrong dose? Was an incorrect concentration of the drug prepared by Dr Pugh? Did he use the wrong pharmacopoeia in preparing the hydrocyanic acid? Why was there no inquest? Only some of these questions can be answered.
Information Approach for the Change-Point Detection in the Skew Normal Distribution and Its Applications

The skew normal distribution is an extension of the normal distribution allowing for the presence of skewness. Such a distribution can model skewed data in many applied fields such as finance, economics and medical research. The skew distribution family has been studied extensively since it was introduced by Azzalini (1985) for the first time. However, few works have been done on the change-point problem for this distribution family. In this article, we will propose an information approach method based on the Schwarz information criterion (SIC) to detect changes in the parameters of a skew normal distribution. Performance of the proposed test is investigated through simulations under different changes among parameters and various sample sizes. We successfully apply the method to two Latin American emerging market data sets to detect multiple changes.
Economic and Political Strengthening of Women and Their Position of Decision Making: Case of Kosovo

After 1999, Kosovo has undergone not only politically major changes but also social and economic development. This paper has to focus, researching on all information pertaining to women, seen from the perspective of increasing her role in society and the economy of Kosovo. Is analyzed the participation of Kosovas’s women in the labor process, leadership and decision making positions and their leadership in public organizations and private economic power with women in the world. Women confront many challenges in front of men on their way to career, because they are affected by the patriarchal tradition that is still present in Kosovo. Also, through analysis, public policy on gender equality programs in support of women's entrepreneurship we are trying to understand themselves and the perception of women in this process and their commitment. Obviously, in this paper as a starting point contributed a number of authors, books, reports and articles of international organizations, which in their essence prove that a developed country has economically empowered women. As well research provides an overview of the results and interpretation of the data provides the quantitative research conducted through questionnaire and interviews. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n10p354
Metrological approaches to organic chemical purity: primary reference materials for vitamin D metabolites

Given the critical role of pure, organic compound primary reference standards used to characterize and certify chemical Certified Reference Materials (CRMs), it is essential that associated mass purity assessments be fit-for-purpose, represented by an appropriate uncertainty interval, and metrologically sound. The mass fraction purities (% g/g) of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) reference standards used to produce and certify values for clinical vitamin D metabolite CRMs were investigated by multiple orthogonal quantitative measurement techniques. Quantitative (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (qNMR) was performed to establish traceability of these materials to the International System of Units (SI) and to directly assess the principal analyte species. The 25(OH)D standards contained volatile and water impurities, as well as structurally-related impurities that are difficult to observe by chromatographic methods or to distinguish from the principal 25(OH)D species by one-dimensional NMR. These impurities have the potential to introduce significant biases to purity investigations in which a limited number of measurands are quantified. Combining complementary information from multiple analytical methods, using both direct and indirect measurement techniques, enabled mitigation of these biases. Purities of 25(OH)D reference standards and associated uncertainties were determined using frequentist and Bayesian statistical models to combine data acquired via qNMR, liquid chromatography with UV absorbance and atmospheric pressure-chemical ionization mass spectrometric detection (LC-UV, LC-ACPI-MS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Karl Fischer (KF) titration.
Perspectives to enrich and integrate the tourist offer in the Adriatic Coastal Area, close to the Italian-Slovenian border

The project aims at analysing the tourist offer and its integration in the Adriatic Coastal Region / Primorska, close to the Italian-Slovenian border. Through the study and analysis of tourist flows and connected activities in said areas, the project intends to create meeting opportunities, to learn and exchange experiences among the youth residing in the two border areas, so as to enhance awareness of the space that is now shared by both with the entry of Slovenia in the EU. The objective of cooperating in a joint project is to improve familiarity with the two relevant languages (Slovene and Italian) and to overcome communication barriers. The project also offers greater opportunities to meet and get in direct contact with Italian and Slovenian students and teachers - also through research activities - and their respective educational systems. The first phases of the project consist in the organisation of a meeting of teachers’ representatives at the Slovenian School Centre, where to define a plan of activities and of a meeting with students’ representatives where to set up working groups and give out assignments. There follows a series of six research meetings where to identify the main reasons and goals of tourists in the individual areas and activities connected to tourism. Then a survey is carried out of available accommodation facilities, the presence and stage of development of eco-tourism in the individual areas. Lastly a final meeting takes place to illustrate the activities carried out, the reports drawn up and the results obtained.
Charge and spin in topological edge states

Topology provides mathematical tools to sort objects according to global properties regardless of local details, and manifests itself in various fields of physics. In solid-state physics, specific topological properties of the band structure, such as a band inversion, can for example robustly enforce the appearance of spin-polarized conducting states at the boundaries of the material, while its bulk remains insulating. The boundary states of these ‘topological insulators’ in fact provide a support system to encode information non-locally in ‘topological quantum bits’ robust to local perturbations. The emerging ‘topological quantum computation’ is as such an envisioned solution to decoherence problems in the realization of quantum computers. Despite immense theoretical and experimental efforts, the rise of these new materials has however been hampered by strong difficulties to observe robust and clear signatures of their predicted properties such as spin-polarization or perfect conductance.

These challenges strongly motivate my proposal to study two-dimensional topological insulators, and in particular explore the unknown dynamics of their topological edge states in normal and superconducting regimes. First it is possible to capture information both on charge and spin dynamics, and more clearly highlight the basic properties of topological edge states. Second, the dynamics reveals the effects of Coulomb interactions, an unexplored aspect that may explain the fragility of topological edge states. Finally, it enables the manipulation and characterization of quantum states on short time scales, relevant to quantum information processing. This project relies on the powerful toolbox offered by radiofrequency and current-correlations techniques and promises to open a new field of dynamical explorations of topological materials.
A Location–aware System for Fruit Fly e-Monitoring and Pest Management Control

Project in brief _x000D_
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The Mediterranean, olive, cherry and peach fruit flies are invasive insects which were accidentally introduced in the Mediterranean area in the past, constituting a constant economic burden to the agriculture sector: besides qualitative losses and quantitative degradations of crop production, adverse environmental and economic impacts through the increase of insecticidal applications are direct consequences of key pests. Climate change have also strongly affected the traditional geographic distribution of fruit flies which includes now new areas which were not considered suitable for insects colonization. FruitFlyNet project aims to develop and implement environmentally effective monitoring and ground spraying control solutions for specific key pests already established in the Mediterranean area. This initiative aims to become a valuable tool for an alert quarantine-based system in countries where invasive fruit flies are not yet settled, providing the necessary platform for early detection and targeted eradication measures. _x000D_
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Specific objectives _x000D_
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• To design and implement an innovative, integrated Location Aware System for fruit fly ground spraying control _x000D_
• To support the small fruit producers who cannot afford the insecticides to protect their crops against fruit flies
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR EXPANDING WELLBORE CASING

A tool for expanding a liner in a wellbore includes a cone assembly that is moveable between a retracted position and an extended position. The tool also includes a jack assembly that is operable by fluid pressure to move the cone assembly from the retracted position to the extended position. The fluid pressure is also applied to expansion cup seals to generate axial load that urges the cone assembly to move through the expandable liner and radially expand of the expandable liner. A latch assembly axially fixes the liner while the cone assembly moves to the extended position. Once the cone assembly is fully moved to the extended position, the latch assembly releases the liner, allowing the cone assembly to move through the liner and radially expand the liner.
Variabilité spatio‐temporelle des sécheresses dans le bassin du fleuve Congo : le rôle du transport de l'humidité atmosphérique

L’évolution spatio-temporelle des sécheresses dans le bassin du fleuve Congo (CRB) de 1981 à 2018 a été étudiée en utilisant l'indice standardisé des précipitations (SPI) et l'indice standardisé des precipitations- l’évapotranspiration (SPEI) pour évaluer les rôles des précipitations et de l’évapotranspiration potentielle. Les résultats ont confirmé une tendance notable vers des conditions plus sèches, en particulier dans certaines parties du nord et du centre du bassin, ainsi que dans le sud du CRB, ce qui a été associé à une augmentation de l’évapotranspiration potentielle et à une diminution des précipitations. Les sorties globales du modèle lagrangien FLEXPART ont été utilisées pour modéliser les masses d'air sur quatre régions climatologiques importantes considérées comme les principales sources de précipitations dans le CRB, et leurs contributions aux précipitations sur le bassin ont été calculées. Ces analyses ont confirmé que l'humidité dans le CRB est autosourcée à environ 60 %; les terres africaines sont le contributeur le deuxiéme plus important, suivies par l'océan Indien et l'océan Atlantique. Il a été constaté qu'une réduction des contributions des sources a prévalu pendant 53 épisodes de sécheresse météorologique qui ont affecté le CRB au cours de la période d'étude et on a pu déduire qu'une réduction de l'humidité fournie par les océans Atlantique et Indien a joué un rôle important dans le déclenchement des épisodes de sécheresse. Il a été également observé que la contribution de l'humidité de toutes les sources au CRB a diminué pendant la période d'étude, en particulier dans la moitié nord du bassin, où se trouve la principale forêt humide du CRB, ce qui confirme l'importance du transport de l'eau et de la dynamique hydroclimatologique locale sur les conditions hydrologiques, les écosystèmes et les communautés locales du CRB.
Synthesis of 2-d semiconductors with honeycomb nanogeometry, and study of their dirac-type band structure and opto-electronic properties

Graphene redirected the pathways of solid-state physics with a revival of 2-D materials showing Dirac
physics due to their honeycomb geometry. The charge carriers are fundamentally different from those
in conventional electronic systems: the energy vs. wave vector relationship is linear instead of
quadratic, resulting in Dirac bands with massless carriers. A genuinely new class of materials will
emerge provided that classic semiconductor compounds can be molded in the nanoscale honeycomb
geometry: The Dirac-type band structure is then combined with the beneficial properties of
semiconductors, e.g. a band gap, optical and electrical switching, and strong spin-orbit coupling. The
PI recently prepared atomically coherent 2-D PbSe and CdSe semiconductors by nanocrystal assembly
and epitaxial attachment. Moreover, he showed theoretically that these systems combine a
semiconductor gap with Dirac-type valence and conduction bands, while the strong spin-orbit
coupling results in the quantum spin Hall effect. The ERC advanced grant will allow him to develop a
robust bottom-up synthesis platform for 2-D metal-chalcogenide semiconductor compounds with
honeycomb nanoscale geometry. The PI will study their band structure and opto-electronic properties
using several types of scanning tunnelling micro-spectroscopy and optical spectroscopy. The Fermilevel
will be controlled with an electrolyte-gated transistor in order to measure the carrier transport
properties. The results will be compared directly with those obtained on the same 2-D semiconductors
without honeycomb geometry, hence showing the conventional band structure. This should
unambiguously reveal the Dirac features of honeycomb semiconductors: valence band and conduction
band Dirac cones, non-trivial band openings at the K-points that may host the quantum spin Hall
effect, and non-trivial flat bands. 2-D semiconductors with massless holes and electrons open new
opportunities in opto-electronic devices and spintronics.
Effect of Arousal Control Training Conjugated Heart Rate Biofeedback for National Substitute Archery Players

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of arousal control training conjugated heart rate biofeedback for national substitute three archery players. The arousal control training programs was developed on previous researches and 3 archery experts and 1 sport psychologist had meetings. The training programs contained as orientation, breathing regulation, progressive relaxation technique, heart rate biofeedback, cognitive restructuring, routine and consisted of 24 weeks. XCOACH was utilized as heart rate biofeedback instrument. The effects was examined on competitive state anxiety inventory-2, archery score and ranking, observation, interviews and self assessment. As the results, the score of subfactor was improved on somatic state anxiety, cognitive state anxiety and self-confidence. As the results of observation, interviews and self assessment, the ability of arousal control was enhanced by using effective psychological skills conjugated heart rate biofeedback.
Research infrastructures for phenotyping, archiving and distribution of mouse disease models - promoting international cooperation and user engagement to enhance biomedical innovation

The IPAD-MD project addresses cooperation and coordination between the pan-European INFRAFRONTIER Research Infrastructure and complementary research infrastructures in America, Asia and Australia, contributing to the global effort of the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC). In order to increase the reach of INFRAFRONTIER, IPAD-MD will also reach out to complementary infrastructures and user communities in Africa. 
IPAD-MD will organise a series of workshops to achieve three major objectives:

1) Strengthen the coordination between the global research infrastructures. A particular focus of IPAD-MD will be to improve global access to the common resources created by INFRAFRONTIER and the IMPC and to align the scientific strategy with international research agendas.
2) Promote the involvement of the key international stakeholders to improve the resources and services offered by INFRAFRONTIER and established in the context of the IMPC. IPAD-MD will involve funders and program offices in the discussions about the future of the resources and services developed in INFRAFRONTIER and the IMPC.
3) Coordinate globally the development of innovative technology solutions for the improvement of the resources and services provided by INFRAFRONTIER and the IMPC. Importantly, the development of related quality control measures to sustain the high quality standards established in INFRAFRONTIER and in the IMPC, ensuring the reproducibility of results.

The outcomes of the IPAD-MD workshops will be made available in reports and in key publications in scientific journals and on the INFRAFRONTIER and IMPC websites. A dedicated Communications & Dissemination Group will ensure the outreach to the wider scientific community and to the general public. The IPAD-MD will  improve the quality and global accessibility of high-quality resources and services enabling the biomedical research community to tackle the global  health challenges.
MAVEN: modular aspect verification and interference analysis

Aspects are program modules that include descriptions of key events (called join-points) and code segments (called advice) to be executed at those key events when the aspect is bound (woven) to an underlying system. The MAVEN tool verifies the correctness of an aspect relative to its specification, independently of any specific underlying system to which it may be woven, and also allows establishing noninterference among aspects, or detecting potential interference. The specification includes assumptions about properties of the underlying system, and guaranteed properties of any system after the aspect is woven into it. The approach is based on model checking of a state machine constructed using the linear temporal logic (LTL) description of the assumptions, a description of the join-points, and the state machine of the aspect advice. The tableau of the LTL assumption is used in a unique way, as a representative of any underlying system satisfying the assumptions. This is the first technique for once-and-for-all verification of an aspect relative to its specification, thereby increasing the modularity of proofs for systems with aspects. The individual correctness proofs along with proofs of interference freedom are appropriate for a library of reusable aspects, when multiple aspects are to be woven to a system.