SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE

A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes a first laminating step, a second laminating step, a third laminating step, a first annealing step, and a fourth laminating step. In the first laminating step, a first electrode film is laminated on a substrate. In the second laminating step, a capacitive insulator is laminated on the first electrode film. In the third laminating step, a metal oxide is laminated on the capacitive insulator. In the first annealing step, the first electrode film, the capacitive insulator, and the metal oxide, which are laminated on the substrate, are annealed. In the fourth laminating step, a second electrode film is laminated on the annealed metal oxide. The capacitive insulator is an oxide that contains at least one of zirconium and hafnium, and the metal oxide is an oxide that contains at least one of tungsten, molybdenum, and vanadium.
Role of alternative splicing in cell expansion and plant growth

Plant growth and morphogenic changes in response to developmental and environmental cues depend on the capacity of cells to expand correctly, which requires structural remodeling of cell walls. Importantly, abiotic stress markedly impacts plant growth by affecting many aspects related to the cell wall, from its composition to the expression of biosynthetic and remodeling genes. The importance of transcriptional regulation of genes controlling cell wall biosynthesis and architecture in response to environmental cues is well studied, but little is known about posttranscriptional mechanisms that affect their function. SR (serine/arginine-rich) proteins are major regulators of alternative splicing (AS), which generates multiple transcripts from the same gene and may modulate plant stress responses. Given evidence that (i) abiotic stress affects SR protein function; (ii) mutations in SR genes cause abnormal plant growth; and (iii) SR45 directly binds mRNAs encoding cell wall regulators, this project will investigate a role for SR-mediated regulation of AS events in cell wall regulators during plant development and abiotic stress responses. Specific objectives are to: (i) identify AS events in cell wall regulator genes that may impact plant growth; (ii) study their regulation by SR proteins; and (iii) assess whether they determine normal plant growth under environmental stress.
Critical Research Needed to Examine the Environmental Impacts of Expanded Refrigeration on the Food System

The unbroken global refrigerated supply chain, or cold chain, is rapidly expanding in developing countries. In addition to increasing the energy intensity of the food system, the expanded cold chain may facilitate changes in the global diet, food waste patterns, food production and distribution, and shopping habits. The sustainability impacts of many of these changes chain are unknown, given the complexity of interacting social, economic, and technical factors. The current literature surrounding the environmental impacts of refrigeration in the food system focuses on the direct impacts of energy use and coolant emissions, and lacks a critical evaluation of the accompanying systemic societal changes that potentially carry greater environmental impacts. This review examines the cold chain as a transformative technology, identifying key intrinsic, indirect, and external factors that will favorably, unfavorably, or ambiguously impact the environmental profile of the food system. The review identifies key interactions and feedbacks between the cold chain, food production and consumption decisions, infrastructure development, and the global environment which are largely unexamined and in need of empirical data. Viewing cold chain expansion from this broader perspective is essential to understanding the changing impacts of the food system in developing countries and may inform future sustainability planning.
In Situ Nanoindentation Studies on Detwinning and Work Hardening in Nanotwinned Monolithic Metals

Certain nanotwinned (nt) metals have rare combinations of high mechanical strength and ductility. In this article, we review recent in situ nanoindentation studies (using transmission electron microscopes) on the deformation mechanisms of nt face-centered cubic metals including Cu, Ni, and Al with a wide range of stacking fault energy (SFE). In nt Cu with low-to-intermediate SFE, detwinning (accompanied by rapid twin boundary migration) occurs at ultralow stress. In Ni with relatively high SFE, coherent {111} twin boundaries lead to substantial work hardening. Twinned Al has abundant {112} incoherent twin boundaries, which induce significant work-hardening capability and plasticity in Al. Twin boundaries in Al also migrate but at very high stresses. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations reveal the influence of SFE on deformation mechanisms in twinned metals.
Middleware for memory and data-awareness in workflows

Maestro will build a data-aware and memory-aware middleware framework that addresses ubiquitous problems of data movement in complex memory hierarchies and at many levels of the HPC software stack.

Though HPC and HPDA applications pose a broad variety of efficiency challenges, it would be fair to say that the performance of both has become dominated by data movement through the memory and storage systems, as opposed to floating point computational capability. Despite this shift, current software technologies remain severely limited in their ability to optimise data movement. The Maestro project addresses what it sees as the two major impediments of modern HPC software:

1. Moving data through memory was not always the bottleneck. The software stack that HPC relies upon was built through decades of a different situation – when the cost of performing floating point operations (FLOPS) was paramount. Several decades of technical evolution built a software stack and programming models highly fit for optimising floating point operations but lacking in basic data handling functionality. We characterise the set of technical issues at missing data-awareness.
 
2. Software rightfully insulates users from hardware details, especially as we move higher up the software stack. But HPC applications, programming environments and systems software cannot make key data movement decisions without some understanding of the hardware, especially the increasingly complex memory hierarchy. With the exception of runtimes, which treat memory in a domain-specific manner, software typically must make hardware-neutral decisions which can often leave performance on the table  . We characterise this issue as missing memory-awareness.

Maestro proposes a middleware framework that enables memory- and data-awareness.
Hacking the Mediterranean economy through the Creative and Cultural sector

Chebec - Hacking the Mediterranean economy through the Creative and Cultural Sector sector is a 30 months project (Module 2) that gathers 10 full and 5 associate partners from France, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Spain and from the Balkans - Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia.
Chebec approach takes inspiration from the fastest boats of the XVIII century used by traders, but also corsairs and pirates fore xplore, exchange, connect and reinvigorate the MED economy.
Chebec tackles CCI main challenge in the Mediterranean: support CCIs access to new markets while keeping their own identity, with the final aim to favor MED clusters attractiveness for creative people. Chebec will experiment an integrated support program for companies and professionals, developing international competences and contacts. The program will include training, consultancy, mobility actions, matching events and an innovation voucher scheme to concretely favour transregional collaborations. Competence building activities will be realised also for policy makers and support organisations to improve the effectiveness of their actions. Outputs will be analysed and transferred at regional levels matching S3 priorities, to ensure Chebec findings last in the long run. Partners are organizations coming from MED regions with relevant CCI clusters, with integrated profiles - public authorities, intermediary organizations, Universities and NGOs - wide experience, solid relations with their regional players and EU networks.
Teacher Trainees’ Self Evaluation during Teaching Practicum

To ensure student empowerment in learning, undergraduates are encouraged to engage in self-evaluation and reflection to relate theory into practice. Self reflection and self evaluation are required for undergraduates during their teaching practicum in schools. This qualitative study reports the findings on self-evaluation reports of four teacher trainees entries as written in their teaching record books throughout the fourteen (14) weeks of teaching practicum at schools. The results of the qualitative analysis shows that the students (a) demonstrated an increasing awareness of their own learning and teaching skills and (b) students demonstrated increase ability to manage issues and problems related to their teaching experience. This lends support to the importance of self reflection in improving self esteem, teaching competencies and management of the teaching climate in classrooms.
Twinning towards the russian-armenian university’s scientific excellence and innovation capacity in nanomaterials for quantum information and quantum optics

Quantum Technology (QT) is an emerging field with a heavy volume of investments globally – private (Google, IBM, Toshiba) and public (Canada, U.S., and EU with its 1 billion EUR Quantum Flagship). Among the most evident benefits provided by QT are highly efficient quantum computers decreasing ICT energy consumption and footprint, and boosting Artificial Intelligence and Big Data applications for improved economic efficiency, health, safety.

At the same time, Quantum Information Science is a rapidly evolving discipline with many research challenges, making the observation of quantum components a very actual task.

The Russian-Armenian (Slavonic) University from Armenia is a national leader in Nanotechnology, Quantum Mechanics and Solid State Physics. The NanoQIQO Twinning project is initiated by RAU to enhance the research excellence, increase international visibility and open new prospects of research collaboration, including participation in EU-funded projects.

The project will create a functional research network between RAU and two international leaders in the field of material science, quantum mechanics and quantum optics - University of Hamburg (Germany) and University of Patras (Greece).

NanoQIQO project will include (i) short term exchanges of established researchers with regard to nanomaterials for quantum information and quantum optics; (ii) trainings for early-stage researchers to improve the career prospects; (iii) dissemination and communication campaign to raise RAU’s research profile and enhance the networking with international research community and stakeholders (iv) development of research management and administration skills in the RAU through upgrading of its Department of International Cooperation.

As a result of the project implementation, the RAU will boost its scientific and technological capacity, strengthen reputation and improve competitiveness, contributing together with the partners to the global progress in Quantum Technologies.
Improvements in or relating to universal joints and to shaft assemblies including the same

414,923. Universal joints. UNIVERSAL PRODUCTS CO., Inc., 6455, Kingsley Avenue, Dearborn, Michigan, U.S.A.- (Assignees of Warner, A. A.) Oct. 17, 1933, No. 28713. Convention date, Oct. 31, 1932. [Class 80 (ii).] A torque-transmitting line of shafting, more particularly for a motor-vehicle, comprises a driving-shaft 5, protruding from a gear-casing 3 and having slidably splined thereon a sleeve 8, carrying a universal joint 14, the pivotal centre of which is inward of the end of the shaft 5. This arrangement reduces overhang of the joint beyond the shaft-bearing 4 and reduces the tendency of the splined-joint to bind. The universal-joint is connected by a unitary propeller-shaft 27 with a universal joint 29 fixedly secured to a driven-shaft 31 by a nut 32. The universal-joint 14 comprises diametricallyopposite trunnions 12 on the sleeve 8, engaging a surrounding rectangular intermediate member 14, which carries trunnions 15, supported in a fork 18 welded to the propeller-shaft 27. The splined-joint of the sleeve 8 is lubricated from the gear-casing 3, which has a sealing-washer 9, the sleeve having a screwed sealing-cap 20. The relative axial movement of the shaft 5 and sleeve 8 creates a pumping-action and circulates the lubricant. To relieve excess pressure in the cap 20, lubricant can return to the gearcasing either through a central axial bore in the shaft 5, through the base of the splines, or through a space 26 provided by omitting a spline-tooth.
Fostering fair data practices in europe

Now the H2020 EOSC pilot project has taken the first steps towards creating the blueprint for an open European Science Cloud, this proposal aims to supply practical solutions for the use of the FAIR data principles throughout the research data life cycle. Emphasis is on fostering FAIR data culture and the uptake of good practices in making data FAIR.
 
Keeping in mind that there is no ‘one size fits all’,  the consortium will focus on all scientific communities for supporting, creating, further developing and implementing a common scheme to ensure data development, wide uptake of and compliance with FAIR data principles and practices by data producers as well as national and European research data providers and repositories contributing to the EOSC. Furthermore, the consortium will closely collaborate with other relevant (global) projects and initiatives already on the way e.g. GO-FAIR, Research Data Alliance (RDA), World Data System (WDS), CODATA.
 
We will provide a platform for using and implementing the FAIR principles in the day to day work of national and European research data providers and repositories. The consortium cooperates with other projects that will be funded under the INFRAEOSC-05-2018 topic (e.g. the EOSC governance (5a) and where appropriate 5b, the projects funded in the INFRAEOSC-04-2018 topic (e.g. the ESFRI clusters SSHOC, PANOSC, ENVRI FAIR, ESCAPE and  EOSCLife) and with the EOSC coordination structure developed in the existing EOSC-pilot and EOSC-hub projects. 
 
According to the research data life cycle (planning/creating, processing, analysing, preserving and reuse) the consortium partners have defined goals, activities and outputs on 
- making data FAIR through research workflows
- ensuring long-term preservation of data
- making data FAIR through data curation
- improving accessibility of research data (e.g. legal barriers)
- improving findability of data through creation and interconnection of metadata catalogues
- curricula/education
The role of genetic redundancy in adaptive evolution of efflux pumps

In genetic redundancy, multiple genes in a genome perform the same or similar function. Although redundancy is widespread across the tree of life, its evolutionary origins are not entirely understood.  Genetic redundancy may provide a fitness benefit during evolution by increasing gene dosage and protecting critical genes from deleterious mutations. These fitness effects have been confirmed experimentally, but their long-term consequences for evolution have not been tested. In this study, I will manipulate the genomic content of efflux pump genes in E. coli and test the effect of their redundancy using directed evolution of proteins. By evolving the multidrug efflux pump AcrAB at different levels of redundancy, I will determine how the presence of other genes with overlapping drug-efflux activities affects adaptive evolution. I will compare evolutionary trajectories using comprehensive sequence and fitness analysis of the evolved efflux pump variants. This approach will provide a unique opportunity to directly test the role of genetic redundancy in evolution and help to understand why genetic redundancy is maintained in a genome.
ENHANCEMENT OF BMP RETENTION

The use of autogenous bone graft is the current gold standard in the 1.5 million bone-grafting surgeries performed annually in the United States. Although this practice has resulted in high rates of fusion success, it is associated with increased operative time and blood loss, along with a significant degree of donor-site morbidity. Additionally, in certain settings such as revision cases, multilevel constructs, or in patients with medical co¬ morbidities, autogenous bone graft may exist in limited quantity and quality. This significant need for a suitable alternative to autogenous bone graft has stimulated great interest in the exploration of bone graft substitutes and extenders.
Above the Clouds: A View of Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing, the long-held dream of computing as a utility, has the potential to transform a large part of the IT industry, making software even more attractive as a service and shaping the way IT hardware is designed and purchased. Developers with innovative ideas for new Internet services no longer require the large capital outlays in hardware to deploy their service or the human expense to operate it. They need not be concerned about over provisioning for a service whose popularity does not meet their predictions, thus wasting costly resources, or under provisioning for one that becomes wildly popular, thus missing potential customers and revenue. Moreover, companies with large batch-oriented tasks can get results as quickly as their programs can scale, since using 1000 servers for one hour costs no more than using one server for 1000 hours. This elasticity of resources, without paying a premium for large scale, is unprecedented in the history of IT.
Engineering nanoporosity for Ti+6 ion irradiated Mylar (PET) polymer by positron beam

Abstract The interconnected, molecular sized pores of microporous materials as well as of nonporous materials are of great interest for absorption, separation and catalytic applications because of their large accessible surface area. Swift heavy ion (SHI) irradiation is a useful technique for the physical and chemical modifications of the polymers. To obtain calibrated pores in cylindrical shape the etching rate along the tracks should be essentially higher than the etching rate of undamaged polymer. Multiple pores, due to overlapping of the pores and inhomogeneous pore distribution, may arise due to high pore density and non-uniform target thickness. The shape of the pores in the polymers is affected by the conditions of chemical etching used for enlarging the latent track. It is well-established that pore size is the determining parameter for hydrogen storage as well as for nanofiltration. Slow positron beam in addition to Doppler Broadening Spectroscopy (DBS) is a useful technique to evaluate the nanoporosity of polymers.
Thief=proof lock for motor vehicle doors

The lock incorporates a locking pawl (3) and a pivoting transmission lever (8) which can be operated from the inside of the vehicle. It can be placed against the pawl (3) via a coupling plate (7). The coupling plate can be swung into the path of the transmission lever, by a securing lever (9), using a coupling. The coupling consists of a spring (18) which is mounted between the transmission lever (8) and the securing lever (9). The thief-proofing of the lock incorporates a blocking component (30) which can be brought into engagement with one end (20) of the coupling spring (18) so that the coupling between the levers (8,9) is blocked.
Waste prevention indicators and their implications from a life cycle perspective: a review

The 3Rs (reduce, reuse, and recycle) approach to waste management has been established internationally as one of the fundamental concepts for a sustainable society. In particular, the “reduce” aspect, which is the highest priority and also refers to waste prevention, implies similar concepts and definitions among regions. To outline useful recent research findings related to waste prevention, this paper reviewed and discussed the current situation, including (1) definitions, (2) indicators, (3) policy and behavior, and (4) prevention effects from the life cycle perspective. It was found that although various waste prevention indicators have been proposed in the EU, Japan, and by international authorities, the indicators actually adopted in their policies are limited by some issues, for example, a lack of data availability. Food waste, CD (2) develop a standardized, consistent monitoring method; (3) clarify the causal linkage between prevention effects and stakeholders’ behavior, and (4) quantify the environmental effects of waste prevention. Each of these aspects is essential and will be useful when considering waste prevention indicators and targets.
The impact of off-site land use energy intensity on the overall life cycle land use energy intensity for utility-scale solar electricity generation technologies

Estimates of the amount of land used for a defined amount of utility-scale electricity generation in the solar power industry, referred to as solar land use energy intensity (LUEI), are important to decision makers for evaluating the environmental impact of energy technology choices. In general, solar energy tends to have a larger on-site LUEI than that of fossil fuels because the energy generated per square meter of power plant area is much lower. Unfortunately, there are few studies that quantify the off-site LUEI for utility-scale solar energy, and of those that do, they share common methodologies and data sets. In this study, we develop a new method for calculating the off-site LUEI for utility-scale solar energy for three different technologies: silicon photovoltaic (Si-PV), cadmium-telluride (CdTe) PV, and parabolic trough concentrated solar thermal. Our results indicate that the off-site LUEI is most likely 1% or less of the on-site LUEI for each technology. Although our results have some inherent uncertainties, they fall within an order of magnitude of other estimates in the literature.
Targeting cryptic epitope with modified antigen coupled to the surface of liposomes induces strong antitumor CD8 T-cell immune responses in vivo

Active cancer immunotherapy, such as cancer vaccine, is based on the fundamental knowledge that tumor‑associated antigens (TAAs) are presented on MHC molecules for recognition by specific T cells. However, most TAAs are self-antigens and are also expressed on normal tissues, including the thymus. This fact raises the issue of the tolerance of the TAA‑specific T‑cell repertoire and consequently the inability to trigger a strong and efficient antitumor immune response. In the present study, we used antigens chemically coupled to the surface of liposomes to target telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), a widely expressed self/tumor antigen. Taking advantage of the high homology between mouse and human TERT, we investigated immunogenicity and antitumor efficiency of the liposomal TERT peptides in HLA-A*0201 transgenic HHD mice. Using the heteroclitical peptide-modifying approach with antigen‑coupled liposomes, we identified a novel cryptic epitope with low affinity for HLA*0201 molecules derived from TERT. The heteroclitical variant derived from this novel low affinity peptide exhibited strong affinity for HLA*0201 molecules. However, it induced only weak CD8 T‑cell immune responses in HHD mice when emulsified in IFA. By contrast, when coupled to the surface of the liposomes, it induced powerful CD8 T‑cell immune responses which cross-reacted against the original cryptic epitope. The induced CD8 T cells also recognized endogenously TERT‑expressing tumor cells and inhibited their growth in HHD mice. These data suggest that heteroclitical antigen derived from low affinity epitope of tumor antigens coupled to the surface of liposome may have a role as an effective cancer vaccine candidate.