SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Noise and drag reduction by riblets.

The aeroacoustic emission generated by the interaction between the trailing-edge of an airfoil and the layer of fluid near the airfoil surface (boundary layer) is known as trailing-edge noise. Trailing-edge noise is among the dominant sources of noise pollution from a landing aircraft and the most significant contributor of the aeroacoustic emissions of a wind turbine. Strategies for the abatement of this source of noise were developed over the last few years, but they deteriorate the aerodynamic performance (lift over drag ratio), which hinders their implementation in engineering solutions. Riblets on the other hand have never been explored in aeroacoustics, although they lead to a drag reduction of up to 10% when applied on a flat plate. Riblets are tiny surface protrusions aligned along the flow direction. A texture analogous to riblets is found in the wing feathers of the owl, the most silent bird in the animal kingdom when flying. To investigate how riblets of different geometries impact on the aeroacoustic and aerodynamic properties of an airfoil, this project pairs a researcher with experience in experimental fluid mechanics and turbulence research with an expert in aeroacoustics and numerical methods, achieving a mutually beneficial transfer of knowledge. The Fellow will examine the effects on noise and drag reduction of a complete set of independent geometrical parameters for the riblets. This will be followed by a detailed study of the flow physics using a complementary approach involving time-resolved tomographic particle image velocimetry at high spatial resolution and high-fidelity numerical simulations with the software PowerFLOW™. The project dissemination will target scientific communities where immediate impact is envisaged, comprising aeroacoustics, aerospace and energy engineering, and turbulence. This pairing and build of project will ensure the successful completion of this ambitious research project and promote the Fellow’s career development.
Antibodies to watch in 2023

In this 14th installment of the annual Antibodies to Watch article series, we discuss key events in commercial monoclonal antibody therapeutics development that occurred in 2022 and forecast events that might occur in 2023. As of mid-November, 12 antibody therapeutics had been granted first approvals in either the United States or European Union (tebentafusp (Kimmtrak), faricimab (Vabysmo), sutimlimab (Enjaymo), relatlimab (Opdualag), tixagevimab/cilgavimab (Evusheld), mosunetuzumab (Lunsumio), teclistamab (TECVAYLI), spesolimab (SPEVIGO), tremelimumab (Imjudo; combo with durvalumab), nirsevimab (Beyfortus), mirvetuximab soravtansine (ELAHERE™), and teplizumab (TZIELD)), including 4 bispecific antibodies and 1 ADC. Based on FDA action dates, several additional product candidates could be approved by the end of 2022. An additional seven were first approved in China or Japan in 2022, including two bispecific antibodies (cadonilimab and ozoralizumab). Globally, at least 24 investigational antibody therapeutics are undergoing review by regulatory agencies as of mid-November 2022. Our data show that, with antibodies for COVID-19 excluded, the late-stage commercial clinical pipeline grew by ~20% in the past year to include nearly 140 investigational antibody therapeutics that were designed using a wide variety of formats and engineering techniques. Of those in late-stage development, marketing application submissions for at least 23 may occur by the end of 2023, of which 5 are bispecific (odronextamab, erfonrilimab, linvoseltamab, zanidatamab, and talquetamab) and 2 are ADCs (datopotamab deruxtecan, and tusamitamab ravtansine).
Privatetrack: privacy-friendly, low-power intelligent room occupancy detection and people counting.

Growing population, ambitious EU energy efficiency goals and ever increasing safety risks need to be mitigated urgently via smarter analytics of what is happening in buildings, airports, train stations, malls (everywhere). Part of this is the management and monitoring of people flow. Conversely, many solutions on the market use a lot of energy and data and have very high costs. Many related surveillance systems also infringe on privacy rights. 

Founded by the inventors of event-based vision, iniVation has developed a new privacy friendly solution for room occupancy detection and people counting based on Dynamic Vision Sensor (DVS) technology – PRIVATETRACK. The resulting events are processed using novel state-of-the-art algorithms to produce useful information. DVS represents a low cost, low energy usage and a longer battery life, people counting solution. It ensures privacy, as it does not record images. 

Headquartered in Zurich and founded in 2015, iniVation leads the field, combining decades of world-leading experience in vision sensor hardware and software design with deep experience in multiple industries including automotive, logistics and medtech. PRIVATETRACK can allow for the energy efficiency and safety of buildings and ensure a better response in case of emergency, potentially saving lives.
Sustainable management of waste and wastewater in ports

The general objective of this project is to improve the quality of port marine waters by limiting the environmental impact of port activity and maritime traffic. Following the principles of resource enhancement and circular economy, it will define a set of good practices for managers and users of port areas to deal with waste and wastewater. These practices will be extended to all the ports of the Programme area and eventually the entire Mediterranean basin. Port Authorities are legally required to follow the Plan for the collection and management of port waste. However, there is no national and cross-border action to have standard management methods of the various types of waste and wastewater, whether on board of boats or in port, nor a service that meets ease of access, efficiency and economy criteria. The expected outcomes of GRRinPORT are therefore the development of action plans for: a) sustainable management of solid waste (including through the application of the "Choice Experiment" survey methodology), given waste and sediments dredged into ports, b) pilot applications of the most appropriate contamination remediation techniques for sediments dredged from ports (Port of Livorno) and c) the creation of an integrated and environmentally friendly system for hydrocarbon spill containment and removal and wastewater collection from pleasure crafts (Port of Cagliari). The beneficiaries of GRRinPORT will be the managers and users of port areas and the population at large. The Action Plans for the sustainable management of waste, sediments and wastewater will be shared among the project partners for the development of a unitary cross-border system/model to assist port users, including through sustainable management training, communication and awareness-raising actions.
Cholangiocarcinoma landscape in Europe: Diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic insights from the ENSCCA Registry

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare and heterogeneous biliary cancer, whose incidence and related mortality is increasing. This study investigates the clinical course of CCA and subtypes (intrahepatic [iCCA], perihilar [pCCA], and distal [dCCA]) in a pan-European cohort.The ENSCCA Registry is a multicenter observational study. Patients were included if they had a histologically proven diagnosis of CCA between 2010-2019. Demographic, histomorphological, biochemical, and clinical studies were performed.Overall, 2,234 patients were enrolled (male/female=1.29). iCCA (n = 1,243) was associated with overweight/obesity and chronic liver diseases involving cirrhosis and/or viral hepatitis; pCCA (n = 592) with primary sclerosing cholangitis; and dCCA (n = 399) with choledocholithiasis. At diagnosis, 42.2% of patients had local disease, 29.4% locally advanced disease (LAD), and 28.4% metastatic disease (MD). Serum CEA and CA19-9 showed low diagnostic sensitivity, but their concomitant elevation was associated with increased risk of presenting with LAD (odds ratio 2.16; 95% CI 1.43-3.27) or MD (odds ratio 5.88; 95% CI 3.69-9.25). Patients undergoing resection (50.3%) had the best outcomes, particularly with negative-resection margin (R0) (median overall survival [mOS] = 45.1 months); however, margin involvement (R1) (hazard ratio 1.92; 95% CI 1.53-2.41; mOS = 24.7 months) and lymph node invasion (hazard ratio 2.13; 95% CI 1.55-2.94; mOS = 23.3 months) compromised prognosis. Among patients with unresectable disease (49.6%), the mOS was 10.6 months for those receiving active palliative therapies, mostly chemotherapy (26.2%), and 4.0 months for those receiving best supportive care (20.6%). iCCAs were associated with worse outcomes than p/dCCAs. ECOG performance status, MD and CA19-9 were independent prognostic factors.CCA is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage, a proportion of patients fail to receive cancer-specific therapies, and prognosis remains dismal. Identification of preventable risk factors and implementation of surveillance in high-risk populations are required to decrease cancer-related mortality.This is, to date, the largest international (pan-European: 26 hospitals and 11 countries) observational study, in which the course of cholangiocarcinoma has been investigated, comparing the 3 subtypes based on the latest International Classification of Diseases 11th Edition (ICD-11) (i.e., intrahepatic [2C12], perihilar [2C18], or distal [2C15] affected bile ducts), which come into effect in 2022. General and tumor-type specific features at diagnosis, risk factors, biomarker accuracy, as well as patient management and outcomes, are presented and compared, outlining the current clinical state of cholangiocarcinoma in Europe.
Reliable attributes selection technique for predicting the performance measures of a DSM multiprocessor architecture

In this study we develop a model for predicting the performance measures of a distributed shared memory (DSM) multiprocessor architecture by using a reliable attributes selection method. The structure of a DSM platform is interconnected by the Simultaneous Optical Multiprocessor Exchange Bus (SOME-Bus), which is a low latency high bandwidth fiber-optic interconnection network. OPNET Modeler is used to simulate the SOME-Bus multiprocessor architecture and to create the datasets. The input variables chosen for the prediction model include the ratio service time over packet transfer time (varies from 0.01 to 1), traffic patterns (uniform, hot region, bit reverse and perfect shuffle), DSM protocol type, node number (varies to 16, 32 and 64), thread number (varies from 1 to 6). The attributes selection method examined the models using different machine learning tools. These tools include: multilayer feed forward artificial neural network (MFANNs), support vector regression with radial basis function (SVR-RBF) and multiple linear regression (MLR). Cross validation (CV) technique is applied using 10 folds. The results show that MFANN-based model gives the best results (i.e. SEE=11.1 and R = 0.998587 for CWT; SEE=18.96 and R = 0.997 for NRT; SEE=60.46 and R=0.8638 for IWT; SEE=0.04795 and R = 0.9838 for PU; SEE=0.0348 and R=0.9990 for CU). Results of the constructed new selected subset are compared with the original feature space and the findings prove the accuracy and reliability of the model.
First records of Anagraphis ochracea (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) for continental Italy and Sicily with new observations on its myrmecophilous lifestyle

In der vorliegenden Studie wird zum ersten Mal das besondere myrmekophile Verhalten von Anagraphis ochracea (L. Koch, 1867) und ihre enge Bindung an die Ameisenart Messor ibericus Santschi, 1931 beschrieben und diskutiert. Die Studie basiert auf Beobachtungen zum Verhalten im natürlichen Lebensraum wie auch im Labor und gibt Aufschluss über die Lebensweise dieser wenig erforschten und selten gefundenen Art. Ebenso wird der Erstnachweis von A. ochracea für das italienische Festland und Sizilien erbracht, sowie eine Zusammenfassung der taxonomischen Historie, Bilder adulter wie auch juveniler Tiere, der Kopulationsorgane beider Geschlechter und des Eikokons präsentiert. Zusätzlich wird erstmals der genetische Barcode (COI) der Art, und auch der Gattung Anagraphis, beschrieben.
REFERENCE VALUE PROVISION SCHEMES FOR ATTENUATION CORRECTION OF FULL-WAVEFORM AIRBORNE LASER SCANNER DATA

Abstract. The characterization of the vertical forest structure is highly relevant for ecological research and for better understanding forest ecosystems. Full-waveform airborne laser scanner systems providing a complete time-resolved digitization of every laser pulse echo may deliver very valuable information on the biophysical structure in forest stands. To exploit the great potential offered by full-waveform airborne laser scanning data, the development of suitable voxel based data analysis methods is straightforward. Beyond extracting additional 3D points, it is very promising to derive voxel attributes from the digitized waveform directly. However, the ’history’ of each laser pulse echo is characterized by attenuation effects caused by reflections in higher regions of the crown. As a result, the received waveform signals within the canopy have a lower amplitude than it would be observed for an identical structure without the previous canopy structure interactions (Romanczyk et al., 2012). To achieve a radiometrically correct voxel space representation, the loss of signal strength caused by partial reflections on the path of a laser pulse through the canopy has to be compensated by applying suitable attenuation correction models. The basic idea of the correction procedure is to enhance the waveform intensity values in lower parts of the canopy for portions of the pulse intensity, which have been reflected in higher parts of the canopy. To estimate the enhancement factor an appropriate reference value has to be derived from the data itself. Based on pulse history correction schemes presented in previous publications, the paper will discuss several approaches for reference value estimation. Furthermore, the results of experiments with two different data sets (leaf-on/leaf-off) are presented.
Fault strength breakdown and implications for earthquake nucleation

Our ability to limit the societal and economic impact of the earthquakes is strongly tied to our understanding of the physics lying behind the earthquake phenomenology. Most earthquakes are generated along pre-existing faults that suddenly fail after prolonged periods of tectonic stressing. Indeed, an earthquake is generated by the imbalance between the elastic energy provided by the rocks surrounding the fault and the strength drop of the fault itself, which is degraded by progressive slip. A large number of experimental and geophysical data well characterize the first-order resistance of the rocks either before (“static” strength) or after the initiation of seismic slip (“dynamic” strength). However, there is a fundamental lack of understanding about how exactly the fault strength decrease slip (STRAIN weakening) and about the real elasticity of the rock masses around the fault, i.e. the “spring” that triggers the earthquakes. We propose the first systematic study of the changes in rock strength with progressive strain using two world-class deformation apparatuses hosted at Durham University, integrating a wide range of microstructural observations and lab seismology techniques to have insights into the microphysics of deformation. We also propose to acquire an unprecedented dataset on the elasticity of fault rocks at in situ conditions, which will be combined with shear experiments to produce empirically calibrated models of fault zone that may shed new light on the process of earthquake nucleation and of potential seismic precursors.
Evolution of the family Ailuridae: origins and Old-World fossil record

The red panda family, the Ailuridae, is unusual because its only extant representative is a derived form, far removed from the group’s morphotypical condition. Effectively, the extreme adaptations of the red panda skull and dentition for a vegetarian diet imply that the study of the fossil record is essential if we are to gain an understanding of the original biology and ecology of the ailurids. Fossil ailurids have remained frustratingly rare and fragmentary findings for many decades, but recent years have seen a dramatic improvement of their record. This has been especially the case with the recent finds of dramatically complete remains of the simocyonine Simocyon batalleri from Batallones-1 in Madrid, Spain, and of the ailurine Pristinailurus bristoli from Gray Fossil Site in Tennessee, United States. Taking into account the information provided by these and other recent findings, it is now possible to gain a more complete picture than ever before of the true place of ailurids within the Carnivora, and of the evolutionary processes that led to the remarkable convergences between the only living ailurid and the unrelated giant panda. In this chapter, we present the early evolution of the ailurids, its Old-World fossil record, and the implications of the palaeontological evidence for the position of the ailurids among other carnivoran families.
A review paper on 3D-printing technology and its application medical field

3D-printing is a hot topic of today's technological discussion. A large number of research papers have been published every year on additive manufacturing and its application in medical cases. A significant number of papers from that are studied and various applications of 3d-printing in the field of medical analyzed for delivering the best and reliable method for the development of scaffolds and biomedical implants. This study will illustrate the advantages of 3D-printing as compared to conventional manufacturing methods. Numerous application of additive manufacturing is represented in the different field of today's world. The paper aims to show the 3D-Printing technology as being utilized in medical and its advantages alongside present days and future applications.
A Novel Highly Scalable Architecture with Partially Distributed Pipeline and Hardware/Software Instruction Encoding

The partitioning resources like pipelines and register files among clusters is proved to be an effective way to improve performance and scalability. However, improvement in scalability is limited by traditional instruction encoding schemes that quickly run out of bits in fixed-length instruction words to encode multiple register operands. Meanwhile, clustered processors may come at a cost of performance degradation, the major cause of which is the limited data locality arising from the lack of available registers and functional units. This paper introduces a highly scalable clustered architecture (HiSCA) to improve the scalability and performance of clustered processors. The pipeline of HiSCA provides high performance through in-order issuing, out-of-order execution and parallel but in-order commitment, while releasing instruction issuing from the heavy burden of dynamic scheduling. The hardware/software instruction encoding scheme of HiSCA splits instruction stream into chains of instructions (packs), and provides common information of instructions in the same packs in dedicated instruction words, thus reducing the total amount of information encoded in the instructions within the packs. HiSCA scales efficiently to 32 clusters with 1024 general purpose registers. Experiment results show that, for a 4-cluster and 8-issue configuration, HiSCA can achieve a 4.6% improvement in frequency with minimal hardware overhead, and an average of 13.3% performance speedup at the cost of 1.9% overhead to code size, compared with a traditional clustered processor with nearly the same hardware complexity.
Individual features, working conditions and work injuries are associated with work ability among nursing professionals

To investigate factors associated with work ability among nursing professionals.They comprised 514 nursing professionals (83.8% of the total number of workers) from a hospital in São Paulo, Brazil.In 2009, we conducted a cross-sectional study that was a part of a 5-year planned cohort study initiated in 2008. We administered a comprehensive questionnaire to the participants in order to obtain data on their sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyles, and working conditions. The questionnaire also contained the Brazilian versions of the following: the Job Stress Scale (JSS), Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) Questionnaire, Work-Related Activities That May Contribute To Job-Related Pain and/or Injury (WRAPI), and Work Ability Index (WAI). The results were analyzed using descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate linear regression analyses.On the WAI, 74.9% of the workers obtained a score of over 40 points (score range 7-49); the mean score was 42.3 points (SD=4.5). The final multivariate model showed that lower WAI scores were related to the work-related outcome, which was work injury, and the following individual characteristics and working conditions: body mass index (p=0.001), sex (female; p=0.002), sedentariness (p < 0.001), time in the profession (p=0.005), social support at work (p=0.003), effort-reward ratio (p=0.001), violence at work (p=0.005), WRAPI score (p < 0.001), and work injuries (yes; p=0.001).Various factors were associated with work ability. The results showed that a number of variables should be considered when planning and implementing actions to maintain or improve work ability among nursing professionals.
Silicon detectors for the sLHC

In current particle physics experiments, silicon strip detectors are widely used as part of the inner tracking layers. A foreseeable large-scale application for such detectors consists of the luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the super-LHC or sLHC, where silicon detectors with extreme radiation hardness are required. The mission statement of the CERN RD50 Collaboration is the development of radiation-hard semiconductor devices for very high luminosity colliders. As a consequence, the aim of the R&D programme presented in this article is to develop silicon particle detectors able to operate at sLHC conditions. Research has progressed in different areas, such as defect characterisation, defect engineering and full detector systems. Recent results from these areas will be presented. This includes in particular an improved understanding of the macroscopic changes of the effective doping concentration based on identification of the individual microscopic defects, results from irradiation with a mix of different particle types as expected for the sLHC, and the observation of charge multiplication effects in heavily irradiated detectors at very high bias voltages.