SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Recycled stellar ejecta as fuel for star formation and implications for the origin of the galaxy mass–metallicity relation

We use cosmological, hydrodynamical simulations from the EAGLE and OWLS projects to assess the significance of recycled stellar ejecta as fuel for star formation. The fractional contributions of stellar mass loss to the cosmic star formation rate (SFR) and stellar mass densities increase with time, reaching $35 \%$ and $19 \%$, respectively, at $z=0$. The importance of recycling increases steeply with galaxy stellar mass for $M_{\ast} < 10^{10.5}$ M$_{\odot}$, and decreases mildly at higher mass. This trend arises from the mass dependence of feedback associated with star formation and AGN, which preferentially suppresses star formation fuelled by recycling. Recycling is more important for satellites than centrals and its contribution decreases with galactocentric radius. The relative contribution of AGB stars increases with time and towards galaxy centers. This is a consequence of the more gradual release of AGB ejecta compared to that of massive stars, and the preferential removal of the latter by star formation-driven outflows and by lock up in stellar remnants. Recycling-fuelled star formation exhibits a tight, positive correlation with galaxy metallicity, with a secondary dependence on the relative abundance of alpha elements (which are predominantly synthesized in massive stars), that is insensitive to the subgrid models for feedback. Hence, our conclusions are directly relevant for the origin of the mass-metallicity relation and metallicity gradients. Applying the relation between recycling and metallicity to the observed mass-metallicity relation yields our best estimate of the mass-dependent contribution of recycling. For centrals with a mass similar to that of the Milky Way, we infer the contributions of recycled stellar ejecta to the SFR and stellar mass to be $35 \%$ and $20 \%$, respectively.
AUTOMATIC TANK CLEANING SYSTEM

An automatic tank cleaning system includes a water recycling unit having a weir therein and a conically-shaped bottom, a cutting box having a portable weir therein, a hydrocyclonic separator, and a mud tank. Tank slop is pumped from the mud tank to the water recycling unit where solids collect at the bottom. The solids are removed and collected in the cutting box. Water in the recycling unit may be pumped through the hydrocyclonic separator. Solids removed by the separator are collected in the cutting box and the water is directed into a clean water compartment defined by the weir within the recycling unit. Water in the cutting box is collected by the portable weir therein and pumped to the clean water compartment. Water from the clean water compartment is pumped to one or more rotary jet heads within the mud tank. Overflow from the water recycling unit may be directed to the cutting box. A chemical inductor may be used to add cleaning chemicals to the water prior to being directed through the wash nozzle. Turbulence preventers may be included at the inlet of each flow line to prevent turbulence from occurring in the tank to which the fluid is directed.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR REMOVING ODOR FROM A FLUID STREAM

A method for removing at least one odorous contaminant from a fluid stream by filtering the fluid stream with a filtration medium. The filtration medium includes a chemically modified activated carbon. The method is useful for removing one or more volatile organic compounds and/or one or more volatile thiol compounds, particularly terpenes (e.g., alpha-pinene and myrcene), nonanol, decanol, o-cymene, and benzaldehyde from the fluid stream. In some embodiments, the fluid stream is a cannabis grow house exhaust stream.
Evolution of convective plumes adjacent to localized heat sources of various shapes

Abstract The paper considers the initial stage of formation of convective plumes emerging from finite size heat sources. Experimental studies were carried out to investigate the evolution of a boundary layer adjacent to localized heat sources of various shapes – circular, square and triangular. Rhodamine was used to visualize the flow structure, and the temperature field was recorded by an infrared camera. Two scenarios (convective and conductive) of thermal plume organization were distinguished. In the conductive case, heat boundary layer take a dome-like shape, that leads to single convective torch formation. In the convective case, there is a boundary layer instability near the heater edges. It leads to separation of the thermal plume. The critical Rayleigh number separating these regimes was determined.
INHIBITORS OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS

Macrocyclic peptides are disclosed having the general formula: (I) wherein R<SUB>3</SUB>, R'<SUB>3, </SUB>R<SUB>4</SUB>, R<SUB>6</SUB>, R', X, Q and W are described. Compositions comprising the compounds and methods for using the compounds to inhibit HCV are also disclosed.
Evolution and genetic control of the floral ground plan

Contents Summary 70 I. Introduction 70 II. What is the floral ground plan? 71 III. Diversity and evolution of the floral ground plan 72 IV. Genetic mechanisms 77 V. What's next? 82 Acknowledgements 83 References 83 SUMMARY: The floral ground plan is a map of where and when floral organ primordia arise. New results combining the defined phylogeny of flowering plants with extensive character mapping have predicted that the angiosperm ancestor had whorls rather than spirals of floral organs in large numbers, and was bisexual. More confidently, the monocot ancestor likely had three organs in each whorl, whereas the rosid and asterid ancestor (Pentapetalae) had five, with the perianth now divided into sepals and petals. Genetic mechanisms underlying the establishment of the floral ground plan are being deduced using model species, the rosid Arabidopsis, the asterid Antirrhinum, and in grasses such as rice. In this review, evolutionary and genetic conclusions are drawn together, especially considering how known genes may control individual processes in the development and evolution of ground plans. These components include organ phyllotaxis, boundary formation, organ identity, merism (the number or organs per whorl), variation in the form of primordia, organ fusion, intercalary growth, floral symmetry, determinacy and, finally, cases where the distinction between flowers and inflorescences is blurred. It seems likely that new pathways of ground plan evolution, and new signalling mechanisms, will soon be uncovered by integrating morphological and genetic approaches.
GB 1052097 A

1,052,097. Shuttering for casting floors &c. SOC. ANON. RHODIUS-DEVILLE. May 29, 1964 [May 31, 1963], No. 22442/64. Heading E1S. Shuttering 8 for casting floors &c. rests on a frame 6 supported on girders 5 carried by hydraulic jacks 3 on a wheeled carriage 1 and also on extensible props 9 which support the shuttering when the carriage 1 is removed to place other shuttering in position.
Utilization of SPOT 5 data for mapping gold mineralized diorite–tonalite intrusion, Bulghah gold mine area, Saudi Arabia

The present study utilizes the processed SPOT 5 data to discriminate and to generate 1:10,000 geologic image map to delineate the mineralized diorite–tonalite intrusion around Bulghah gold mine area, Saudi Arabia. The rock units exposed in the area include gossan, marble, Hulayfah volcanics, diorite–tonalite, gneissose granite, and alkali granite. Gold mineralization at Bulghah mine is hosted mainly by Syn- to Late-tectonic diorite–tonalite intrusion aligned along N–S direction and is associated mainly with cataclastic zones and quartz veins. Gossans and jasparoidal gossans (Hulayfah group), recorded at the western side of Bulghah mine area as discontinuous small lenses, can be easily discriminated on 4/2 and 4/3 band ratio SPOT images by their white and black image signatures, respectively. Granitoids (gneissose granite and alkali granite) are easily discriminated in 3/2 ratio image, in which gneissose granite has gray image signature, whereas alkali granite has dark gray image signature. On the SPOT false color composite band ratios image (3/2 R, 4/2 G, and 4/3 B), gossan, marble, Hulayfah volcanics, diorite–tonalite, gneissose granite, and alkali granite have sky blue, blood red, bluish light brown, orange, brick red, and deep blue colors, respectively. Fusion of the false color composite SPOT ratios image (3/2 R, 4/2 G, and 4/3 B) with the high spatial resolution SPOT pan image is performed using IHS transformation method. The fused image is used to delineate the mineralized diorite–tonalite intrusion and to produce 1:10,000 geologic image map for Bulghah gold mine area. The present study reveals the usefulness of the processed SPOT 5 data for adding new extensions at the southern and northern boundaries of diorite–tonalite intrusion.
Rising residential rents in Chinese mega cities: The role of monetary policy

Although there have been a large number of studies carried out on fluctuations in housing prices, little is known about what causes changes in residential rents, which are inextricably intertwined with urban living standards. This is especially noteworthy in Chinese cities, which are now being challenged by the housing market frenzies. Shift-share analysis is proposed to evaluate all possible triggers of residential rent inflation in three cities during the 2001–2013 period, which covers two distinct monetary policy regimes in China. It is found that the recent rise in residential rent comes as a result of aggregate inflation associated with an expansionary monetary policy since the 2008 Global Financial Crisis and an all-encompassing and stable policy stance should therefore be adopted.
Establishing citizen science hubs in european research performing and funding organisations to drive institutional change and ground responsible research and innovation in society

Europe’s Research Performing and Funding Organisations (RPFOs) have a crucial role to play as agents of institutional change towards firmly grounding RRI in our society. The successful fulfilment of this challenging yet highly significant role calls for the values of RRI to be well-embedded into their governance as well as their operation with greater and more systematic participation of citizens and all R&I stakeholders. INCENTIVE is set on empowering European RPFOs to establish sustainable transdisciplinary hubs for stimulating and supporting excellent citizen science with engaged roles for all R&I stakeholders in line with RRI principles. To this end, we start by establishing and demonstrating the potential of such Citizen Science Hubs in 4 world class RPFOs covering all 4 MoRRI Country Clusters, including University of Twente (NL), Autonomous University of Barcelona (ES), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (EL) and Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (LT). We tailor the governance and operating models of their hubs to their unique institutional specificities and regional ecosystems of R&I stakeholders, before putting them to the test to drive institutional change through a series of RRI-grounding actions conducted with and for society (citizen science, co-creation of public policies, R&I agenda setting, etc.). All in all, our Citizen Science Hubs, besides being a sustainable institutional change themselves, will serve as a vehicle for introducing substantial institutional changes in our RPFOs and their communities. We will closely monitor, evaluate and report the performance and outcomes of our Citizen Science Hubs and their actions, providing evidence of societal, democratic, economic and scientific impacts. Along the way, we will foster mutual learning and networking opportunities amongst RPFOs across Europe to share our experiences and develop practical tools to enable RPFOs to drive similar institutional changes in other contexts.
Cross-border young music events

Between April and May 2004 and then once a year, until the actual dismantling of borders in 2006, in the towns of Gorizia, Nova Gorica and Šempeter - Vrtojba several cultural, recreational and sport initiatives were held; on the one hand they had to do with the foundation of the town of Gorizia - which on 28th April 1001 was mentioned together with Salcano castle in the deed of gift to the Patriarch of Aquileia and the Earl of Friuli by Emperor Otto III - and on the other with the historic event of Slovenia and other nine countries’ official entry into the European Union. The hereby described events are particularly important for their major symbolic value and their prospects for development; during this week, every year, the major cultural activities intertwine, in order to foster the cooperation between the three towns and - after a first pilot phase - the continuous synergic cooperation. In particular, the project is a major opportunity to undertake an intense cooperation between the various young groups, made up of both amateurs and professional musicians; at first this initiative will involve only Italians and Slovenians, but the future participation of other countries is hoped and called for. A concert is held in Piazzale della Transalpina; it is devoted to young people and is the result of a joint organization, for it is conceived as a place for exchange and cooperation at several levels, from the artistic production to the setting up of a promotional and dissemination network.
Adriatic-Ionian joint approach for development and harmonisation of procedures and regulations in the field of navigation safety

Maritime accidents leave catastrophic effects on the environment and economy, most of all on tourism, so their prevention is crucial for countries in AI region. Each of the national maritime administrations in the region has the responsibility of surveilling the maritime transport on their own territory and watch over its safety. Thus, it is of utmost importance to coordinate maritime safety at the regional level. Even today, ADRIREP functions as a mandatory ship reporting system, but its procedures do not meet the current requirements and technical achievements. Maritime administrations mutually cooperate, but not in a sufficiently systematic and coordinated way. The overall objective of the project is to increase the level of maritime safety in AI region by introducing systematic cooperation and coordination of maritime administrations of all countries of the region. Specific objectives are to develop systematic coordination, harmonize the legal basis for cooperation, increase the level of data exchange, harmonize and standardize the VTS service, and develop a common education system for VTS operators. The project results include the establishment of the Maritime Safety Permanent Transnational Network that will continuously improve all the areas of regional maritime safety, coordination, and cooperation through the activity of its thematic working groups. The main contribution of the project is: (a) the modernization of ADRIREP, the system which will, through the proposal of new IMO Resolution, analyze different possibilities, develop new procedures, test and legally regulate, (b) harmonization and standardization of VTSs in AI region, (c) analysis, development and piloting of the harmonized training for VTS operators, including the standard of competences, and (d) introduction of the Sea Traffic Management Service system, which is innovative in AI region and which definitely contributes to the optimization of logistical processes in maritime transport and ports.
College Students in Transition: An Annotated Bibliography

The transition from high school to college is an important milestone, but it is only one of many steps in the journey through higher education. Interest in the many other transitions students make-through the sophomore year, from one institution to another, and out of college-has grown exponentially in the last decade. At the same time, educators recognize that each transition experience is unique, shaped by the individual student context. A new annotated bibliography helps researchers and practitioners navigate the emerging literature base on college student transitions beyond the first year, with special focus on adult learners, student veterans, and those studying in different cultures.
APPARATUS FOR ATTACHMENT OF A MOUNT FOR SENSORS, SWITCHING MEANS AND THE LIKE TO RAILS

In the case of an apparatus for attachment of a mount (16) for sensors, switching means and the like to rails (1) comprising a rail claw with claw jaws (3, 4) which can be fitted onto the rail foot from opposite sides, one of which (4) is provided on the mount side and the other (3) can be adjusted relative to it by means of at least one adjusting screw (2) which can be passed through under the rail foot, and devices (5, 7, 10, 11, 12) are provided for adjustment of the distance between the mount (16) and the area where the mount-side claw jaw (4, 6) acts on the rail foot, in order to preset the rail claw for different rail foot widths, at least the claw part (6) on the mount-side claw jaw (4) is connected to the mount (16) itself or to a holding piece (5) seated on it, such that it can be adjusted and fixed in its own right independently of the adjusting screw, and this mount-side claw jaw (4), to be precise its claw part (6), is secured in each preset position integrally by means of for example grooves, which engage in one another, or profiles (11, 12), which have a sawtooth-like cross section, on opposite sides of the claw jaw (6) and of the mount or of the holding piece (5).
FUEL CELL COMPRESSOR SYSTEM

A multi-stage fuel cell centrifugal compressor system comprising a motor, including a shaft, and a compressor connected to the motor. The compressor includes a first stage inlet; first housing fluidly connected to the first stage inlet; and first impeller driven by the shaft for imparting fluid flow through a first stage of the system. The compressor further includes a first stage outlet fluidly connected to the first housing; a second stage inlet; a second housing fluidly connected to the second stage inlet; a second impeller for imparting fluid flow through a second stage; a second stage outlet fluidly connected to the second housing; and a pipe extending between the first stage outlet and the second stage inlet. The pipe fluidly connects the first stage outlet to the second stage inlet, thereby directing at least a portion of fluid from the first stage to the second stage of the system.
NORMAS DE PROTEÇÃO INTERNACIONAL AO CLIMA E A ATMOSFERA

O presente artigo tem como objetivo o estudo e análise das normas internacionais de proteção ao clima e atmosfera. Por se tratar de tema de pertinência mundial, imperiosa é a menção às normas de direito internacional com escopo de preservação ao meio ambiente. Destacam-se na ordem internacional, a Convenção de Viena e as suas disposições acerca de Direito dos tratados, bem como o Protocolo de Montreal, além dos aspectos relacionados à Convenção-Quadro das Nações Unidas e o consequente Protocolo de Kyoto que objetivam a diminuição do problema do “efeito estufa”, entre outros acordos importantes citados. Além disso foi abordado também a participação do Brasil diante desses acordos e convenções. Por fim, concluir-se-á acerca da necessidade de os países aderirem e cumprirem os referidos tratados a fim de que seja preservado o meio ambiente no planeta Terra.
Vibele Energy

Die Vibele Energy, welcher elektrische Energie erzeugt, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Schwingungsfaden (1) durch ein Magnetfeld, welches durch die beiden gegeneinander positionierten Pole (3 und 4) erzeugt wird, pendelt.
Considerations for the Use of Human Participants in Vector Biology Research: A Tool for Investigators and Regulators

A thorough search of the existing literature has revealed that there are currently no published recommendations or guidelines for the interpretation of US regulations on the use of human participants in vector biology research (VBR). An informal survey of vector biologists has indicated that issues related to human participation in vector research have been largely debated by academic, national, and local Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) in the countries where the research is being conducted, and that interpretations and subsequent requirements made by these IRBs have varied widely. This document is intended to provide investigators and corresponding scientific and ethical review committee members an introduction to VBR methods involving human participation and the legal and ethical framework in which such studies are conducted with a focus on US Federal Regulations. It is also intended to provide a common perspective for guiding researchers, IRB members, and other interested parties (i.e., public health officials conducting routine entomological surveillance) in the interpretation of human subjects regulations pertaining to VBR.
Implementation and preclinical testing of a closed-loop control system for deep brain stimulation

Over the past 25 years deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as an effective treatment for the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite its success, the mechanisms of DBS are not yet fully understood. Moreover, patients experience side effects and poor control of symptoms associated with suboptimal programming of stimulus parameters.  Current DBS systems operate in an 'open-loop' configuration with stimulus parameters (pulse amplitude, duration and frequency) empirically set and remaining fixed over time. Closed-loop DBS offers an alternative approach that has the potential to overcome current limitations and increase therapeutic efficacy, while reducing side-effects and increasing battery life, by automatically adjusting stimulation parameters as required. Although the potential benefits of closed-loop DBS are widely recognised, these systems have not yet been implemented clinically. Under the parent ERC project DBSmodel, we have developed biophysically detailed computational models of the neural circuits in the brain during DBS and are using these to develop and test novel algorithms for closed-loop DBS.  Before these can be trialled in humans, however, feasibility must first to be demonstrated through implementation on a prototype device and pre-clinical testing in animal models. ERC proof of concept funding will enable us to do this by implementing and testing a novel closed-loop DBS system in an animal model of PD. The experimental validation will confirm the efficacy of a prototype solution suitable for translation to human studies.
Matched filter based spectrum sensing and power level detection for cognitive radio network

In this paper, we study the matched filter based spectrum sensing in a more reasonable cognitive radio (CR) scenario when the primary user (PU) could possibly work on more than one transmit power levels. Besides the traditional sensing target where the secondary user (SU) should decide the presence of PU, an additionally new target here could be also recognizing the power levels of PU, which achieves more cognition for CR. We derive the closed form solutions for decision regions and several performance metrics, from which some interesting phenomenons are observed and the related discussions are provided. Numerical examples are presented to corroborate the proposed studies.