SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Standardization of Exchanged Water with Different Properties in China’s Water Rights Trading

Water rights trading is an effective way to optimize the allocation of water resources. However, the existing practice of water rights trading in China lacks any consideration of the practical value of the exchanged water. This deficiency may lead to disputes between transferor and transferee during the implementation of the water rights trading contract. This paper puts forward the concept of Standard Water (SW). First, getting the original value of exchanged water by the shadow price model based on input-output table; Second, based on the original value, building the economic profits or costs model to obtain the practical value of exchanged water; Third, establishing SW quantity measurement model according to the principle of rewarding excellence and punishing inferiority, so as to convert the water quantity of exchanged water into SW quantity. With the standardization method, this paper takes the water rights transaction between Dongyang City and Yiwu City in 2000 as an example to carry out case study, and provides policy recommendations. The results show that when the contract requires the provision of 49.999 million m3 water of Class I the quality, if the exchanged water quality provided is in Class II-V, the corresponding SW will be decreased to 48.699–37.399 million m3. The application of this research will be conducive to ensuring the fairness and durability of the water rights trading processes.
Numerical and ert studies for diffusive and advective high-enthalpy systems

The full development of geothermal energy is still hindered by the little knowledge available on the distribution of high-enthalpy fluids at depth and by the often-complex logistics. High-enthalpy hydrothermal systems preferentially develop in tectonically active and volcanic settings. In such environments, faults have a major control on fluid flow and may affects the overall fluid distribution at depth. However, due to the lack of in situ data, predicting the role of faults on fluid flow is challenging and often requires complementary methods. NERUDA proposes an innovative and multidisciplinary approach, combining numerical simulations of fluid flow with deep Electric Resistivity Tomography (ERT). The project aims at constraining the tectonic control on fluid flow in hydrothermal systems. High-enthalpy environments often have a multi-layered structure with deep reservoirs (>300 m). Classical cable-structured ERT methods cannot reach such depths. To tackle this challenge, NERUDA will use a leading-edge technology in the field of ERT methods. The newly developed IRIS Fullwaver system allows the acquisition of deep (up to ~1 km) 3D ERT surveys. This wireless system can be deployed in areas with sharp topography (e.g. volcanoes) where classical ERT is logistically not possible. Numerical simulations of fluid flow, calibrated on the interpreted ERT surveys, will be performed to assess the fault control on fluid flow. The currently available flow simulators are either not user-friendly or lack some functionalities to adequately study high-enthalpy hydrothermal systems. NERUDA will develop an open-source, user-friendly MATLAB hydrothermal module calibrated on deep ERT to investigate high-enthalpy hydrothermal systems. This module will be implemented in the world-widely used, open-source MRST (MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox). NERUDA is expected to have a strong impact on the scientific community by widening the accessibility to user-friendly numerical tools.
Rediscovering Waddington in the post-genomic age

Conrad Hal Waddington was a revolutionary interdisciplinary thinker well ahead of his time. Many of his ideas have been subsumed into our current understanding of developmental biology [1]. His pioneering theories, first published in the mid-20th century, continue to find validation 50 years later in the molecular era of developmental genetics [2]. Among his many contributions, Waddington [3] introduced the term epigenetics to describe the full variety of emergent developmental phenomena above the level of the genome, and elegantly expressed these ideas in the form of his widely recognised and explicitly evolutionary epigenetic landscape metaphor [3]. These emergent phenomena bridge the gap between genotype and phenotype, and comprise the epigenotype [5]. Because of this close relationship between development and evolution, it is important to grasp how such epigenetic mechanisms function. The diverse use of the term epigenetics in the subsequent literature has led to substantial disagreement about what exactly is being discussed, and at which level(s) of inquiry, despite several attempts to achieve consensus [6, 7]. In most contemporary biological contexts, epigenetics refers to chromatin modification [8]. Not only does Waddington’s more inclusive definition appear to have been largely abandoned, also the different uses of his term have coincided with the near disappearance of the original concept of epigenetics from models of evolutionary change [9]. We see this as a potentially significant problem for evolutionary biologists. In this essay our focus is on the theoretical concepts originally specified by Waddington’s epigenetics. We argue that, in this age of powerful postgenomic laboratory and bioinformatics tools, epigenetics sensu Waddington is more informative and instructive than it has been for decades. Waddington’s epigenetics has the potential to shed new light on the means by which both selectable variation and innovation, two key features of evolutionary theory, are
Oscillatory neural and autonomic correlates of social attunedness during early life: new mechanistic insights into how we learn to learn from one another

We are a social species. Most infants, and young children, spend the majority of their early waking lives in the company of others. But, for practical reasons, almost everything that we know about how the brain subserves early attention and learning comes from studies that examined brain function in one individual at a time. This means that we understand lots about how children attend and learn from information presented while they are alone, viewing a computer screen - but little about how attention is shared between people during social interaction. ONASCA will develop new techniques to look, for the first time, at how two brains dynamically interact with one another during early learning exchanges. The project will determine how children’s active, participatory bids during learning lead to reactive changes in both members of the dyad – and how these changes, in turn, influence both partners’ subsequent attention, and learning. It will also determine how, and why, some infants, and some parents, show greater sensitivity during social exchanges than others. And, using targeted interventions, it will investigate whether social sensitivity can be improved. The question of how two brains dynamically influence one another during learning exchanges has been described as the ‘dark matter’ of social neuroscience. Yet nobody has looked at these questions before from the perspective of early learning. Our results may help us to move beyond viewing children primarily as passive recipients of information during learning exchanges, to a perspective that better appreciates children’s role as active participants in learning. Our findings may also have practical implications for educationalists, and clinicians.
Spectacular Hair: A Step-by-Step Guide to 46 Gorgeous Styles

Why go to an expensive salon when you can look like a million dollars for free? Whether for a black-tie party, a night at the cinema, or an ordinary day at the office, Spectacular Hair has the right 'do for the occasion. From long, romantic tresses to short and sassy, it features beautiful hairstyles for every cut. Colour photographs and directions guide you each step of the way and all of the styling basics are clearly laid out: how to use a diffuser to pump up the volume and accentuate curls, apply moulding wax to sculpt your hair, using pretty accessories as finishing touches, and so much more.
Evaluation of the performances of a novel Punch Through Trench IGBT using a Si<inf>(1-x)</inf>Ge<inf>(x)</inf> N<sup>&#x002B;</sup> buffer layer by using finite elements simulations

In this paper, a new Punch Through Trench IGBT using a Si (1-x) Ge x N+ buffer layer is investigated by using two dimensional finite elements numerical simulations. The performances of this device are mainly obtained from the reduction of the turn-off switching time for a slight elevation of the on-state voltage. A study of the main static characteristics has been performed, particularly the relevance of the trade-off between the turn-off time and the on-state voltage, and its temperature dependency. At least, a comparison with a Carrier Storage Trench-gate Bipolar Transistor and a Trench Field Stop IGBT also including a Si (1-x) Ge (x) N+ buffer layer is done by the mean of trade off curves.
Elementary modes of excitation caused by the quadratic Zeeman term and the sensitivity of spin structures of small spin-2 condensates against the magnetic field

The response of spin-2 small condensates to an external magnetic field $B$ is studied. The parameters of the interaction are considered as variable. The emphasis is placed on clarifying the modes of excitation caused by the quadratic Zeeman term. The theoretical method used is beyond the mean field theory. A set of eigenstates with the $U(5)\supset SO(5)\supset SO(3)$ symmetry is introduced to facilitate the analysis. To obtain a quantitative evaluation on the response, the fidelity susceptibility and the $B$ -dependent average populations of spin-components have been calculated. Mostly the particle number N=30 is assumed. The effect with a larger or smaller $N$ is also considered. It was found that the sensitivity of the response depends strongly both on the interaction and on the inherent symmetry.
Modified amides for pigments and method for producing the same

A polyfunctional amine is reacted with both a polycarboxylic acid and a monocarboxylic acid to form relatively short chain polyamides in the molecular weight range from about 400 to about 2500, which are substantially linear and which have at least one carboxy group remaining on the majority of molecules, which permits a thermoplastic resin to be formed which is extremely friable and grindable, at the same time making it a durable and desirable matrix for incorporating dyes, particularly fluorescent dyes, to form a pigment characterized by exceptionally high heat stability. Light stability is also improved with some fluorescent dyes. Optionally, an epoxy resin may be included in the co-condensate, maintaining at least one carboxy group on most molecules of the co-condensate, without altering the thermoplastic nature of the resin. Alternatively, the monocarboxylic acid may be omitted, forming a modified polyamide with a polyfunctional amine and a polycarboxylic acid. Optionally, whether or not a monocarboxylic acid is used, a sufficient amount of stabilizing compound of an element from Groups IIA and IIB may be added to further stabilize the pigment.
Support for hierarchical scheduling in FreeRTOS

This paper presents the implementation of a Hierarchical Scheduling Framework (HSF) on an open source real-time operating system (FreeRTOS) to support the temporal isolation between a number of applications, on a single processor. The goal is to achieve predictable integration and reusability of independently developed components or applications. We present the initial results of the HSF implementation by running it on an AVR 32-bit board EVK1100. The paper addresses the fixed-priority preemptive scheduling at both global and local scheduling levels. It describes the detailed design of HSF with the emphasis of doing minimal changes to the underlying FreeRTOS kernel and keeping its API intact. Finally it provides (and compares) the results for the performance measures of idling and deferrable servers with respect to the overhead of the implementation.
Tackling Complex Ontologies with AVOnEd — Aspect-Oriented Visual Ontology Editor

Many semantic computing systems use ontologies for knowledge representation and processing. Ontologies come with high degrees of both semantic expressiveness and formalization. They are, however not as widely spread as one would expect, mainly due to the fact that they are complex to handle and to edit. This demo presents a graphical editor for OWL Lite that allows users to interact with complex ontologies using a simple visual notation. It further breaks down complexity by allowing editing parts of ontologies. These partial views are called aspect views as they allow the user to concentrate on the part in question in the context in question. For instance, a person could be shown using different names depending on context (like Superman and Clark Kent). Even though aspects can be visualized and edited independently of each other the editor uses the full ontology to enforce simple constraints such as functional or transitive property definitions and combines the knowledge modeled in all aspects.
The Impact Of Financial Crisis On Islamic And Conventional Indices Of The GCC Countries

&lt;p&gt;We study performance of Islamic and conventional indices of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries in the wake of financial crisis of 2008 and test whether Islamic indices were less risky than conventional indices. We make use of data of the six GCC markets as well as the Dow Jones Islamic Market Index GCC. The mean and variance of each of the indices are analyzed based on augmented GARCH models. The results show that the financial crisis impacted on the mean returns of Bahrain, the other indices remained unaffected. The financial crisis, however, impacted volatility in three GCC markets (Kuwait, Bahrain, and the UAE), while the impact on the remaining markets (Saudi Arabia, Oman, and Qatar) and the Islamic index was insignificant. More interestingly, we show that the Islamic index did not exhibit lower volatility than its conventional counterparts.&lt;/p&gt;
Controls on biogenic gas formation in the Qaidam Basin, northwestern China

Abstract Factors controlling biogenic gas generation were examined in the Quaternary Qaidam Basin of China, one of the youngest and largest biogenic gas-producing basins in the world. Indicators of microbial activity were found in higher permeability stratigraphic intervals, including high ratios of unresolved complex mixture/resolved compounds (U/R), as well as high ratios of methanogen biomarkers to normal alkanes, such as 2,6,10,14,19-pentamethylicosane/nC22 (ipC25/nC22) and squalane/nC26 (ipC30/nC26), from solvent organic extracts from 86 samples. Samples with the highest concentrations of ipC25/nC22 and ipC30/nC26 were the most highly biodegraded as shown by U/R ratios. Most intervals with high levels of methanogen biomarkers were characterized by groundwater with low total dissolved solids (TDS) and low Cl concentrations, thought to be related to meteoric water recharge. High H2 concentrations were also related to low TDS (and Cl) formation water. Results demonstrate that meteoric water invasion was important in stimulating microbial activity.
Scalable multidimensional situation awareness solution for protecting european ports

Nowadays coordinated and every time more complex terrorist attacks are shocking the world. Due to the progressive rely of industrial sector and many critical infrastructures (CI) (e.g. EU ports) in ICT systems, the impact of a coordinated physical attack, a deliberate disruption of critical automation systems or even a combined scenario including both kind of attacks, could have disastrous consequences for the European Member States’ regions and social wellbeing in general. 
Taking into account this fact and this real threat on EU ports as one of the main CI in Europe, SAURON project proposes the holistic situation awareness concept as an integrated, scalable and yet installation-specific solution for protecting EU ports and its surroundings. This solution combines the more advanced physical SA features with the newest techniques in prevention, detection and mitigation of cyber-threats, including the synthetic cyber space understanding through the use of new visualization techniques (immersive interfaces, cyber 3D models and so on). In addition, a Hybrid Situation Awareness (HSA) application capable of determine the potential consequences of any threat will show the potential cascading effect of a detected threat in the two different domains (physical and cyber).
On the other hand, through SAURON approach the public in the surroundings and the rescue/security teams will be able to be informed on any potential event/situation that could put in risk their integrity.
Thus, SAURON proposes as main objective to ensure an adequate level of both physical and cyber protection for the EU ports and limiting, as far as possible, the detrimental effects for the society and citizens of a combined attack (physical & cyber) to an EU port.
Reducing the vulnerabilities of EU ports, as one of the main European critical infrastructures and increasing their systemic resilience in the face of a physical, cyber or combined threat will be also part of the SAURON main objective.
Numerical calculation of flows in turbomachinery with three dimensional viscous codes

Afast and accurate three dimensional (3 D) viscous code for calculating flows in turbomachinery has been established.In this code, H meshes are adopted to build the discrete equations, and the conservation equationsare solved on grid nodes atthe corners of cuboid elements.In orderto accelerate convergence,local time stepping,residualsmoothing and multigrid method are also applied,andthe viscous effects are approximatedby a very simple mixing length model.For verification ofthe accuracy and applicability ofthe method,transonicflowsthrough compressor cascades of NASArotor 37 and flows through a turbine stator of NASAhave been calculated.The good agreementbetween experimentalresults and design data has demonstratedthereliability and applicability ofthe present method,which can be usedforsimulatingthe complex 3 Dviscousflow phenomenonin turbomachinery.
Fish landings and Oman shelf area

Data from five field surveys carried out along the shelf in the 20-250m depth range and historical data on artisanal fishery were analyzed. A positive linear relationship between the demersal fish biomass and the shelf area was pronounced for a certain (intermediate) stratum only: 50-100m. No statistical link was found for the strata above it (25-50m) and beneath it (100-150m and 150-250m). The pronounced one was associated with the low boundary of the oxygen minimum zone impinging on the shelf. Annual landings of demersal fishes in the region with the largest shelf area exceeded landings in the region with the smallest area by as much as 1.6 times. The ratio of small pelagic to demersal fish landings decreased as a factor of 10, from small to large shelf areas.
Challenge me! Communicating in multicultural classrooms

The current study investigated the value of Socratic classroom communication (e.g., critical debate and challenging each other on content matters) among students from various cultures (clustered into Western Europeans, Eastern Europeans and Non-Europeans) and from members of faculty at an international university in Germany. Students from Western cultures where Socratic communication had been valued in the school systems reported a greater ease of engaging in the respective communication style than did Eastern European and Non-European students. Furthermore, we assessed how strongly the faculty valued the respective kinds of behavior. The results show that overall students underestimated the extent to which Socratic communication behavior was esteemed by members of faculty. In addition, faculty members perceived themselves to be more explicit about their pedagogical principles than they were perceived by students. Finally, the easier it was for students to show Socratic classroom communication, the more academically satisfied they were and the better their grades. The results are discussed with regard to practical implications and the internationalization of universities.
Babel Treebank of Public Messages in Croatian

The paper presents the process of constructing a publicly available treebank of public messages written in Croatian. The messages were collected from various electronic sources – e-mail, blog, Facebook and SMS – and published on the Zagreb Museum of Contemporary Art LED facade within the Babel art project. The project aimed to use the facade as an open-space blog or social interface for enabling citizens to publicly express their views. Construction and current state of the treebank is presented along with future work plans. A comparison of Babel Treebank with Croatian Dependency Treebank and SETimes.HR treebank regarding differing domains and annotation schemes is briefly sketched. The treebank is used as a test platform for introducing a new standard for syntactic annotation of Croatian texts. An experiment with morphosyntactic tagging and dependency parsing of the treebank is conducted, providing first insight to computational processing of non-standard text in Croatian.
The Use of Translation in EFL Classes as L2 Learning Practice

Abstract The use of L1 in EFL classes has always been discussed controversially. Some research support the idea of its inclusion while some others do not. Some others still claim that it should be used for certain purposes. This study analyzes elementary learners’ reaction to the use of translation as a L2 learning practice. A classroom-based research that lasted 7 weeks was conducted with28 learners who were taught some grammatical subjects through the exercises based on translation as a L2 learning practice technique. Following this period, the participants were asked for their perceptions of this learning experience through a questionnaire as well as interview questions adapted from Liao (12002).Results of the study show that learners, in general, have had positive ideas that support the use of translation as a practice. More specifically, they believe that use of translation helps them reading comprehension and memorize target vocabulary. They also report as their frequently used strategies that they use bilingual dictionaries and translate the text first and then try to understand it. The study concludes that translation tasks could promote learners’ receptive skills and productive skills.