SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Nitella sonderi A.Braun (Charales, Charophyceae) – a New Record for South America, and First Record from Outside Australia

Nitella sonderi A.Braun (Charales, Charophyceae) – un nouvel enregistrement pour l'Amérique du Sud, et un premier signalement en dehors de l'Australie. Nitella sonderi A.Braun est nouvellement signalée sur le plateau patagonien, en Argentine. Cette espèce n'était connue de manière fiable que d'Australie. Les études morphologiques et génétiques menées ici n'ont révélé aucune différence entre les spécimens argentins et australiens. L'espèce est dioïque, avec des mucosités sur les verticilles fertiles, des rameaux macrodactyles homéoclémeux à deux ou trois fourches avec un long rayon primaire, un rayon secondaire central évident, des dactyles constitués de deux cellules avec une pointe peu rétrécie de l'avant-dernière cellule, qui est confluente avec une petite cellule conique et hyaline et de grandes anthéridies. Bien que seules des plantes mâles aient été trouvées en Patagonie, cette combinaison de traits a permis sa différenciation des autres espèces de Nitella C.Agardh connues d'Amérique du Sud, mais a pointé des similitudes avec N. papillata F.S.Han & W.Q.Chen trouvée uniquement dans le sud-est de la Chine. Nitella sonderi est la première espèce dioïque de la section Gioallenia R.D.Wood trouvée en Amérique du Sud. Des ajouts à la description de N. sonderi ont été suggérés ici sur la base de spécimens étudiés d'Argentine et d'Australie. Des doutes concernant le premier enregistrement de l'espèce de N. morongii Allen en Australie, publié ailleurs, sont émis. Le nouvel enregistrement de l'espèce pour l'Amérique du Sud met en évidence un schéma biogéographique inattendu, rare pour les espèces dioïques, ou peut suggérer un cas d'invasion. Des recherches taxonomiques futures sont souhaitables pour clarifier l'affinité entre N. sonderi et N. papillata.
Effects of the radial inflow of gas and galactic fountains on the chemical evolution of M 31

Galactic fountains and radial gas flows are very important ingredients in modeling the chemical evolution of galactic disks. Our aim here is to study the effects of galactic fountains and radial gas flows in the chemical evolution of the disk of M31. We adopt a ballistic method to study the effects of galactic fountains on the chemical enrichment of the M31 disk. We find that the landing coordinate for the fountains in M31 is no more than 1 kpc from the starting point, thus producing negligible effect on the chemical evolution of the disk. We find that the delay time in the enrichment process due to fountains is no longer than 100 Myr and this timescale also produces negligible effects on the results. Then, we compute the chemical evolution of the M31 disk with radial gas flows produced by the infall of extragalactic material and fountains. We find that a moderate inside-out formation of the disk coupled with radial flows of variable speed can very well reproduce the observed gradient. We discuss also the effects of other parameters such a threshold in the gas density for star formation and an efficiency of star formation varying with the galactic radius. We conclude that the most important physical processes in creating disk gradients are the inside-out formation and the radial gas flows. More data on abundance gradients both locally and at high redshift are necessary to confirm this conclusion.
Reaching Constructive Compromise: Steps, Tactics, and Strategies

The history of war and conflicts is as old as human history itself. Along with it always existed attempts to find ways and means to reconcile conflicting parties and reach peace. In today’s world, more than ever, where war and conflicts are everyday occurrence is imperative to find faster and reliable ways how to resolve conflicts. Reaching a constructive compromise is extremely difficult (very often even the implementation phase creates additional hitches) as the parties involved pretend or believe that all of their demands for peace deal are rational and thus should be fulfilled. While one party may have expertise in negotiation process itself, the other may be unwittingly unprepared, and believing that honesty and fairness will result in impartial peace deal. This is, unfortunately, not always so. The aim of this paper, besides targeting these types of naïve perceptions, is to inspire others to be fully prepared prior entering negotiation process. The negotiation strategy, along with steps and tactics is the fundament of this research. History of negotiations teaches us that often the strong and more prepared side tends to win more than the weak and unprepared one in a negotiation process. Yet studying and exploring the approach to reach a constructive compromise is essential and conducive even if you happen to find yourself as the weaker party vis-à-vis a stronger opposing rival.The purpose of this study is to analyse the implications of negotiating strategies in the course of reaching the eventual constructive compromise. Throughout, this paper has endeavoured to answer numerous but distinct issues related to the topic and offer a balanced analysis on the arguments explored. The study also delves into some international conflicts (resolved and unresolved) examining them in light of potential constructive compromise. Finally the study ends up by concluding that constructive compromise strategy that focuses, above all, on creativity, analytical ability and rationality requires often, enormous time and efforts to reach desired result, but ends fully justify means.
Reducing the impact of vibration-caused artifacts in a brain-computer interface using gyroscope data

We implemented an artifact prediction method for a saline-pad wireless electroencephalograph equipped with two-axis gyroscope used as a basic brain-computer interface (BCI). The BCI unit serves two purposes in the scope of the project Innotruck. Firstly, it enables remote control of vehicles and other systems over a limited set of trained mental activity. Secondly, it is a source of data for the passive analysis of the operator's mental fitness, which is further integrated into the driver assistance systems. The latter aspect has been the focus of our work. Saline-pad electrodes used in consumer grade electronics are prone to errors stemming from vibrations and sudden head movements. The implemented approach successfully preconditions the signal processing pipeline to take such artifacts into account and reduces the later processing overhead.
Why the Basic Structure?

John Rawls famously holds that the basic structure is the ‘primary subject of justice.’ By this, he means that his two principles of justice apply only to a society's major political and social institutions, including chiefly the constitution, the economic and legal systems, and (more contentiously) the family structure. This thesis — call it the basic structure restriction — entails that the celebrated difference principle has a narrower scope than one might have expected. It doesn't apply directly to choices that individuals make within the basic structure. Individuals can live up to the demands of justice simply by obeying whatever rules are set by, and by doing what is necessary to sustain, the basic structure; they needn't attempt to benefit maximally the worst off through their personal choices. Nor does the principle apply to interactions taking place beyond the basic structure, on the international stage. International actors can live up to the demands of justice by observing a comparatively modest ‘duty of assistance’ toward severely destitute societies; they needn't make it their aim to benefit maximally the world's poorest individuals.
Power factor correction and harmonic compensation in an active filter application through a discrete-time active disturbance rejection control approach

The problem of Active Disturbance Rejection control for active power filters subject to periodic disturbances is tackled by means of a discrete-time Generalized Proportional Integral (GPI) observer-based control. An extended state observer-based control scheme is proposed for the active filter application according to the Active Disturbance Rejection strategy. In this scheme, model uncertainties and external disturbances are included in a general additive disturbance input which is estimated on-line and subsequently rejected via the controller action. The observer carries out the disturbance estimation, thus reducing the complexity of the controller design. The controller efficiency is tested via realistic computer simulations of a one-phase shunt active power filter, performing a trajectory tracking task under nonlinear and linear loads for power factor correction and harmonic compensation purposes. Performance analysis for varying frequency conditions are also presented.
In Vivo Evaluation of the Presence of Bone Marrow in Cortical Porosity in Postmenopausal Osteopenic Women

This is the first observational study examining cortical porosity in vivo in postmenopausal osteopenic women and to incorporate data from two different imaging modalities to further examine the nature of cortical porosity. The goal of this study was to combine high-resolution peripheral computed tomography (HR-pQCT) images, which contain high spatial resolution information of the cortical structure, and magnetic resonance (MR) images, which allow the visualization of soft tissues such as bone marrow, to observe the amount of cortical porosity that contains bone marrow in postmenopausal osteopenic women. The radius of 49 and the tibia of 51 postmenopausal osteopenic women (age 56 +/- 3.7) were scanned using both HR-pQCT and MR imaging. A normalized mutual information registration algorithm was used to obtain a three-dimensional rigid transform which aligned the MR image to the HR-pQCT image. The aligned images allowed for the visualization of bone marrow in cortical pores. From the HR-pQCT image, the percent cortical porosity, the number of cortical pores, and the size of each cortical pore was determined. By overlaying the aligned MR and HR-pQCT images, the percent of cortical pores containing marrow, the number of cortical pores containing marrow, and the size of each cortical pore containing marrow were measured. While the amount of cortical porosity did not vary greatly between subjects, the type of cortical pore, containing marrow vs. not containing marrow, varied highly between subjects. The results suggest that cortical pore spaces contain components of varying composition, and that there may be more than one mechanism for the development of cortical porosity.
Distributions and Influence Factors of Residual Stresses Induced by Oxygen Cutting Opening in Steel Structure

Oxygen cutting is the principal method for temporary hatch opening in hull structure. Residual stresses induced by oxygen cutting have a large influence on subsequent sealing and structure safety. Based on oxygen cutting theory, a heat source model was proposed with the combination of preheating flame and reaction heat between iron and oxygen, and a model was presented to simulate the cutting process on the basis of thermal elastoplastic FEM analysis, including the temperature and stress distribution. An oxygen cutting experiment was performed, in which an infrared radiation was used for surface temperature measurement. The residual stresses were measured by impact-indentation measurement. As a result, the calculation results were consistent with experiment values. The research concluded that there is a region in which the tensile stresses values exceed the yield point of material along the kerf, and the width of this region will be influenced by cutting velocity, opening dimension and longitudinal constraints.
A Study on Pedestrian Detection Models Based on Real Accident Data from IVAC Database in Changsha of China

This study aims to evaluate the probabilities of pedestrian detection within the response time of vehicle collision avoidance system of a car. For this purpose, the carpedestrian accident scenarios were analyzed using selected data from the IVAC accident database, in which the cases were collected from in depth investigations of the accidents in Changsha of China. The selection criteria were: (1) the accident occurred between 2001 and 2008; (2) the accident involved a passenger car, SUV, MPV or pick-up truck; (3) the pedestrian was not standing still before impact. Based on these criteria, 389 car-pedestrian cases were selected. The two most common scenarios (F1 and F2) were identified as the pedestrian crossing a straight road from the left (F1) or the right (F2) of the drivers. A mathematical model was developed with the frontal impact cases of F1 or F2 scenario. The following four parameters describing the configuration before the accident were studied: the trajectory and speed for both the car and the pedestrian. Considering the different half detective angles of the sensor system (15 degree, 30 degree, 45 degree), the probabilities of pedestrian detection were calculated. It was found that when the half detective angle was equal or larger than 30 degrees the sensor system could detect more than 94% of the pedestrians in both evaluated scenarios.
Uncovering the genomic underpinnings of the convergent evolution of a major social trait

Understanding how complex traits evolve repeatedly across species remains a major challenge in biology. The number of queens in an ant colony is an important trait associated with queen lifespan and fecundity, dispersal strategies, and responses to environmental stimuli. Although colonies of most ant species have either one or multiple queens, more than twelve ant species have evolved social dimorphism: co-existence of single- and multiple-queen colonies in a population. This phenomenon presents a remarkable opportunity to discover mechanisms of convergent genetic evolution. Our proposal takes advantage of the recurrent evolution of social dimorphism in ants to understand the genomic basis of this complex trait.
Recent genomic studies have revealed that a “supergene” genomic region including hundreds of linked genes determines colony type in two distantly related ant species. However, it remains unclear to what extent supergenes underlie social dimorphism and which genes are important for the evolution of this trait. Here, we aim to elucidate general principles governing the evolution of social dimorphism at the molecular level. We will select six ant lineages in which the co-existence of the two social forms has independently evolved to accomplish three goals: 1) test whether supergenes are required for dimorphic social organization by performing genome-wide comparisons between single- and multiple-queen colonies; 2) test for similar changes in gene content or sequence across the independent origins of social dimorphism by comparing phylogenetic profiles; 3) determine whether differences in gene expression in workers of single- versus multiple-queen colonies are consistent across species by performing transcriptome-wide comparisons. Our project will provide major insights into the genetic architectures and pathways underpinning the evolution of social dimorphism, and will substantially improve our understanding of the evolution of complex phenotypes.
Agro-holdings in Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan: temporary phenomenon or permanent business form? Farm-level evidence from Moscow and Belgorod regions

The transition process did not affect the organisation of agricultural production as originally anticipated. Since the late 1990s, in Russia and some other CIS countries, numerous large-scale agro-holdings emerged which agglomerated multiple farms, entities of the upstream and downstream sectors of agribusiness, as well as non-agricultural industries. Owing to the common practice of registering such affiliated farms/firms as independent business units, data on agro-holdings' aggregate group performance are extremely scarce. It is therefore difficult to capture their emergence, determinants of growth and developmental prospects.This study is based on a unique panel dataset from Moscow and Belgorod regions. The growth trajectories of farms affiliated to agro-holdings vis-a-vis independent farms were investigated by applying a quantile regression approach. Overall, only minor differences were found. Any advantages of affiliated farms appear to be due to extramural factors; i.e. it is all about how to link in...
Dissection of glycan function by engineered tissue models

Glycans decorate most proteins, cover cell membranes, and represent one of the four building blocks of life, together with nucleic acids, lipids, and amino acids. Yet, our understanding of how glycans influence the life of cells and organisms is limited, and only few functions have been molecularly dissected. Glycans present a huge structural diversity with species and cell- type specificity that underlie specific biological functions. However, more than half a century of research has been severely hampered by the complexity and technical difficulties with analyzing glycans. While, the glycome (all glycans in a cell or organism) is a difficult entry point for discovery, the glycogenome (all genes involved in glycosylation) in contrast is a feasible entry point, because most of the genes controlling glycosylation are now known, and there are fewer technical barriers especially with the emergence of gene editing technologies.

Our research group has pioneered the “glycogenome entry” to functional glycomics using gene editing to simplify glycosylation in cells. My research group has pioneered a next generation approach using organotypic tissue models in combination with sophisticated mass spectrometry to decipher glycan functions. The tissue model has provided the first evidence that aberrant glycosylation in cancer directly induce oncogenic features, and that glycosylation of Herpes virus is essential for viral propagation. In this proposal, I will use step-by-step genetic deconstruction of glycosylation capacities in organotypic tissue models for broad discovery and dissection of specific structure-function relationships driving normal epithelial formation, transformation and interaction with the microbiome. Specifically, I will address:

1. How glycosylation affect and shape epithelial homeostasis and transformation
2. How regulation of glycosylation fine-tunes protein functions
3. How glycans influence host-pathogen interactions in “real” epithelial tissue models
METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR MINIMIZING ACCRUAL OF INHALABLE INSULIN IN THE LUNGS

lnhalable insulin compositions are provided that rapidly clear from the lungs of patients. Additionally, methods of minimizing insulin accrual after administration of an inhaled insulin composition are disclosed.
3D SEMANTIC PLANE DETECTION AND RECONSTRUCTION

This application is directed to reconstructing three-dimensional (3D) planes from image frames without supervision. A sequence of image frames are processed using a neural network model to provide one or more 3D plane parameters and one or more plane depth maps without 3D ground truth labels. A loss function combines the one or more 3D plane parameters and the one or more plane depth maps of the sequence of image frames. Based on the loss function, the neural network model is trained in an unsupervised manner for the one or more 3D plane parameters and the one or more plane depth maps. The trained neural network model is provided to a client device to process input images. Optionally, the loss function includes a photometric loss, a depth smoothness loss, and a depth consistency loss and is minimized during training to determine the 3D plane parameters and plane depth maps.
The Generation of Depth Maps Via Depth-From-Defocus

The principle aim of this study was to use the concept of image defocus related to feature depth in order to develop a system capable of converting a 2-dimensional greyscale image into a 3-dimensional depth map. An advantage of this concept (known as depth-from-defocus or simply DfD) over techniques such as stereo imaging is that there is no so-called ‘correspondence problem’ where the corresponding location of a feature or landmark point must be identified in each of the stereo images.

The majority – and the most successful – of previous researchers in DfD have used some variation of a ‘two-image’ technique in order to separate the contribution of the original scene features from the defocus effect. The best of those have achieved results typically in the range of 1% to 2% error in the accuracy of depth estimation. This thesis presents a single-image method of generating a high-density, highaccuracy depth map via the evaluation of the edge profiles of a projected structured light pattern. A novel technique of moving the projected pattern during the image capture stage allows the development of a 4-dimensional look-up table. This technique offers a solution to one of the last remaining problems in DfD, that of spatial variance. It also uses a technique to remove the dependence of original scene reflectance. The final solution generates a depth map of up to 240,000 spatially invariant depth estimates per scene image, with an accuracy of within ± 0.5%, over a depth range of 10 cm. The depth map is generated in a processing time of approximately 14 seconds once the images are loaded.
FUEL RAIL FOR ATTENUATING RADIATED NOISE

A fuel rail includes an elongated tube having an inlet and a plurality of outlets. The elongated tube defines a fuel passageway for directing fuel toward the plurality of outlets. The fuel rail also includes a plurality of baffles positioned within the elongated tube to divide the fuel passageway into a plurality of chambers such that each outlet is positioned in one of the plurality of chambers. The plurality of baffles restricts fluid flow between adjacent chambers. A majority of the plurality of outlets are located essentially at an acoustic node of each corresponding chamber to reduce noise generated by the fuel rail.
Beck’s cognitive theory and the role of schemata in depression

Volume I includes a systematic literature review which aimed to synthesise and evaluate all research testing the role of early maladaptive schemas or core beliefs in depression as proposed by cognitive theory. The findings neither prove nor disprove the relationship. The empirical paper aimed to test the association between early maladaptive schemas in depression using a cross-sectional questionnaire design with diagnostic interviews. Early maladaptive schemas were associated with depression, did not moderate the relationship between stress and depression but did partially mediated the relationship between life stress (but not diabetes distress) and depressive symptoms. The findings partially support the role of early maladaptive schemas in depression. The executive summary summarises the systematic literature review and the empirical paper for stakeholders.

Volume II includes the following clinical practice reports (i) a cognitive behavioural and psychodynamic formulation of obsessive compulsive disorder, (ii) a single-case experimental design evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy for depression, (iii) an evaluation of compliance to depression guidelines, (iv) a cognitive behavioural formulation and intervention for obsessive compulsive disorder, and (v) an abstract summarising an oral report of cognitive behavioural therapy for social anxiety and traumatic brain injury.