SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Bio- & photo-catalytic methods for the construction of enantiomerically  pure c-s bonds in thiols and sulphides

Organic sulphur compounds containing C-S chiral centres represent one of the most intriguing classes of chemicals due to their peculiar properties conferred by the unique chemistry of sulphur. Chiral sulphur compounds are known for their olfactory properties as flavours and fragrances and are ubiquitous in natural products and pharmaceutical ingredients such as penicillins and verticillins. Both the flavouring and pharmaceutical properties of chiral sulphur compounds are often determined by their absolute configurations. Therefore, the development of novel, robust and sustainable methods for the enantioselective construction of C-S bonds is of great importance in chemistry. In view of the lack of efficient and stereoselective methods in assembling asymmetrical C-S bonds, within this project we aim to construct enantiopure sulphur compounds through photo- and bio-catalysis. Various strategies have been designed to achieve this target, exploiting blue/green light photocatalysis and biocatalysis by reductase enzymes such as KRED, ADH and ERED. The ability of these enzymes to biocatalyse the enantioselective reduction of thioketones and thioalkenes obtained via photocatalysis, will be investigated. In addition, the combination of photocatalytic synthesis of substrates with the biocatalytic construction of enantiomerically pure C-S bonds in one-pot cascade processes will be developed. These methods will be finally applied to the synthesis of chiral volatile sulphur compounds as odorous excipients, while in-situ NMR kinetic studies of the photo-biocatalytic reactions will be carried out to get a better understanding of the reaction mechanisms. The successful development of these strategies will allow chemists and industries to access facile and sustainable approaches to prepare a wide range of challenging chiral thiols and sulphides to be used in the manufacturing of pharmaceutical ingredients, fine chemical tools (ligands, catalysts), agrochemicals and fragrances.
AMORPHOUS CARBON METAL-TO-METAL ANTIFUSE WITH ADHESION PROMOTING LAYERS

A metal-to-metal antifuse having a lower metal electrode, a lower thin adhesion promoting layer disposed over the lower metal electrode, an amorphous carbon antifuse material layer disposed over the thin adhesion promoting layer, an upper thin adhesion promoting layer disposed over said antifuse material layer, and an upper metal electrode. The thin adhesion promoting layers are about 2 angstroms to 20 angstroms in thickness, and are from a material selected from the group comprising Si<SUB>x</SUB>C<SUB>y </SUB>and Si<SUB>x</SUB>N<SUB>y</SUB>. The ratio of x to y in Si<SUB>x</SUB>C<SUB>y </SUB>is in a range of about 1±0.4, and the ratio of x to y in Si<SUB>x</SUB>N<SUB>y </SUB>is in a range of about 0.75±0.225.
Future of Czech participation at Pierre Auger II Observatory (AUGER-CZ)

Pierre Auger Observatory is the largest project in the field of ultra-high energy detection of cosmic rays. In fifteen years of operation, many questions have been answered which motivated the construction, but many others have arisen. The Czech teams have been involved in the construction and operation of the Observatory from the very beginning. The aim of this project is to equip laboratories and computing centers to ensure the continuation of international cooperation in the field of data analysis, monitoring, testing and calibration of detectors.
Managing foreign exchange risk with derivatives in UK non-financial firms

Abstract This study assesses the effect of derivatives use of large UK non-financial firms in their foreign exchange risk management activity and tests value relevance of FRS 13. Using a sample of FT UK 500 non-financial firms for 1999 when FRS 13 was implemented, we examine the foreign exchange risk exposure of the firm that is engaged in international business activities, and the effect of the use of foreign exchange derivatives on the firm's foreign exchange risk exposure. There is evidence that UK non-financial firms use derivatives to hedge against the risk of unfavorable exchange rate movements and the hedge is effective in reducing firms' risk exposure to varied degrees. The results support value relevance of FRS 13 that numerical disclosure of derivatives use by firms reveals important information to investors and helps firms reduce the cost of capital and increase firm value.
Ready-To-Use multilingual linked language data for knowledge services across sectors

Language technologies increasingly rely on large amounts of data and better access and usage of language resources will enable to provide multilingual solutions that would support the emerging Digital Single Market in Europe. However, data is rarely ‘ready-to-use’ and language technology specialists spend over 80% of their time on cleaning, organizing and collecting datasets. Reducing this effort promises huge cost savings for all sectors where language technologies are required. An essential part of the Extract-Transform-Load process involves linking datasets to existing schemas, yet few specialists take advantage of linked data technologies to perform this task. In this project we aim to increase the uptake of language technologies by exploiting the combination of linked data and language technologies, that is Linguistic Linked Open Data (LLOD), to create ready-to-use multilingual data.  Prêt-à-LLOD aims to achieve this by creating a new methodology for building data value chains applicable to a wide-range of sectors and applications and based around language resources and language technologies that can be integrated by means of semantic technologies, in particular the usage of Linguistic Linked Open Data (LLOD). The project will develop novel tools for the transformation and linking of datasets, and apply these to both data and metadata in order to provide multi-portal access to heterogeneous data repositories. We will study how we can automatically analyze licenses in order to deduce how data may be lawfully used and sold by language resource providers. Finally, we will provide tools to combine language services and resources into complex pipelines by use of semantic technologies. This will lead to sustainable data offers and services that can be deployed to many platforms, including as-yet-unknown platforms, and can be self-described with linked data semantics. This toolkit will be validated in four pilots, where novel data value chains will be built for pharma
The Land between the Lakes: a geography of the forgotten future

Between Barkley and Kentucky two great, artificial bodies of water in western Tennessee and western Kentucky lies a wooded land that looks from above like the flattened thumb of a green giant. Once a land of marginal farms and small settlements, this 240-square-mile peninsula, known as the Land Between the Lakes, has been a national recreation area for the last half-century. Its rolling, wooded hills and open bottomlands give the place charm but little majesty. The place swallows up its few campgrounds and visitors they attracts, creating a vacuous tranquility. In this volume, Foresta explores how this forgotten and bypassed region became a national recreation area. He uses its history to retrieve our old attitudes toward nature, progress, and personal development. He also uses its history to retrieve a vision of the future that rallied idealists, intellectuals, and even public officials to its banner. In the early 1960s, the Tennessee Valley Authority set out to create a great park for posterity at the Land Between the Lakes. The park was to host the vast stretches of leisure that wealthy, secure, and more equal Americans of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries would have at their disposal. It would be a place where such Americans could turn that leisure into happiness, psychic well-being, and strength of character. The TVA cleared the land of its inhabitants to create the park, removing people from their homes and severing their roots, thus effacing the history of the It then set about reshaping the land in the image of an anticipated future. But when that future never arrived, managers struggled to fit the place to the America that actually came into being. In the end they failed, leaving the Land Between the enveloped in a haunting sense of emptiness. A deft blend of environmental history, geography, politics, and cultural history,  Land Between the Lakes demonstrates both the idealism of mid-twentieth-century planners and how quickly such idealism can fall out of alignment with the flow of history. In so doing it explores a forgotten vision of the future that was in many ways more appealing than the present that came into being in its place.
First approach to the Japanese nitrogen footprint model to predict the loss of nitrogen to the environment

Humans increase the amount of reactive nitrogen (all N species except N2) in the environment through a number of processes, primarily food and energy production. Once in the environment, excess reactive nitrogen may cause a host of various environmental problems. Understanding and controlling individual nitrogen footprints is important for preserving environmental and human health. In this paper we present the per capita nitrogen footprint of Japan. We considered the effect of the international trade of food and feed, and the impact of dietary preferences among different consumer age groups. Our results indicate that the current average per capita N footprint in Japan considering trade is 28.1 kg N capita−1 yr−1. This footprint is dominated by food (25.6 kg N capita−1 yr−1), with the remainder coming from the housing, transportation, and goods and services sectors. The difference in food choices and intake between age groups strongly affected the food N footprint. Younger age groups tend to consume more meat and less fish, which leads to a larger food N footprint (e.g., 27.5 kg N capita−1 yr−1 for ages 20 to 29) than for older age groups (e.g., 23.0 kg N capita−1 yr−1 for ages over 70). The consideration of food and feed imports to Japan reduced the per capita N footprint from 37.0 kg N capita−1 yr−1 to 28.1 kg N capita−1 yr−1. The majority of the imported food had lower virtual N factors (i.e., Nr loss factors for food production), indicating that less N is released to the environment during the respective food production processes. Since Japan relies on imported food (ca. 61%) more than food produced domestically, much of the N losses associated with the food products is released in exporting countries.
Screening, characterisation and engineering of carbohydrate harvesting machineries of microbial ecosystems

Mammals rely entirely on their symbiotic microorganisms to digest complex glycans, issued from dietary fibers, yeasts, and the host itself. To that purpose, gut bacteria have evolved sophisticated machineries to face the structural diversity and complexity of carbohydrates, consisting of gene clusters coding for carbohydrate-hydrolysing, -binding and -transporting proteins. Since the last decade, functional metagenomics has proved to be a highly powerful technique to boost the discovery of new protein families involved in these multi-proteic systems from the vast world of uncultured bacteria, which represents the majority of gut microorganisms. By using a multidisciplinary approach, integrating genomic, metagenomic, functional and structural data, CaTSYS will decipher the structure-function relationships of novel key carbohydrate active enzymes and transporters recently discovered by functional exploration of the human and bovine gut microbiomes. Their role in carbohydrate harvesting pathways will be investigated and optimised by combinatorial engineering, thanks to the development of an original high-throughput screening approach, to render heterologous hosts capable of internalising and breaking down a large diversity of complex carbohydrates. Overall, CaTSYS will provide a promising framework to overcome future challenges in biotechnology, for the conversion of carbohydrate polymers into biosourced chemicals and/or high-added value compounds.
A Parallel and Optimization Approach for Land-Surface Temperature Retrieval on a Windows-Based PC Cluster

Land-surface temperature (LST) is a very important parameter in the geosciences. Conventional LST retrieval is based on large-scale remote-sensing (RS) images where split-window algorithms are usually employed via a traditional stand-alone method. When using the environment to visualize images (ENVI) software to carry out LST retrieval of large time-series datasets of infrared RS images, the processing time taken for traditional stand-alone servers becomes untenable. To address this shortcoming, cluster-based parallel computing is an ideal solution. However, traditional parallel computing is mostly based on the Linux environment, while the LST algorithm developed within the ENVI interactive data language (IDL) can only be run in the Windows environment in our project. To address this problem, we combine the characteristics of LST algorithms with parallel computing, and propose the design and implementation of a parallel LST retrieval algorithm using the message-passing interface (MPI) parallel-programming model on a Windows-based PC cluster platform. Furthermore, we present our solutions to the problems associated with performance bottlenecks and fault tolerance during the deployment stage. Our results show that, by improving the parallel environment of the storage system and network, one can effectively solve the stability issues of the parallel environment for large-scale RS data processing.
INDUCTION GENERATOR

An induction generator (1, 1') for a radio switch (2) having a magnet element (3) as well as an induction coil (4) with a coil core (5) wherein the coil core (5) is U-shaped, wherein a first rest position (Y1) and a second rest position (Y2) are in each case defined for the magnet element (3), in contact with the limbs (6, 7) of the coil core (5), and a flux direction reversal takes place in the coil core (5) whenever a change takes place between these positions, wherein a movement path for the magnet element (3) is predetermined for a movement between the rest positions (Y1, Y2), wherein the induction generator (1, 1') has a first mechanical energy store (10) which is operatively connected to the magnet element (3) and first of all stores energy in the course of forcing a movement from a rest position (Y1, Y2) and, after reaching an intermediate position which is defined along the movement path and corresponding to which the magnetic forces on the coil core (5) decrease suddenly, emits this energy to the magnet element (3) in order to mechanically accelerate the movement of the magnet element (3) to the respective other rest position (Y2, Y1) after leaving the intermediate position.
BOUWWERK MET SCHUIN DAK.

Een muizenschroot ter verhindering van het binnendringen van muizen en vogels in de ruimte tussen het dakbeschot en de pannen van een schuin dak bestaat uit een in dwarsdoorsnede in hoofdzaak Z-vormige strip met een lijf 11, aan de ene zijde van dat lijf een bevestigingsflens 10 en aan de andere zijde van dat lijf een aangrijpflens 18. Zowel de aangrijpflens 18 als het lijf 11 zijn enigzins plooibaar . De muizenschroot kan zowel aan de onderrand van een schuin dak als aan de zijkanten van een schuin dak worden gebruikt.
Regulation of leukocyte tricarboxylic acid cycle in drug-naïve Bipolar Disorder

Several lines of evidence suggest a role for mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) is fundamental for mitochondrial energy production and produces substrates used in oxidative phosphorylation by the mitochondrial electron transport chain. The activity of the key TCA cycle enzymes citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase has never been evaluated in BD. In the present study, these enzymes were assayed from leukocytes of drug-naive BD patients in a major depressive episode (n=18) and compared to 24 age-matched healthy controls. Drug-naive BD patients did not show differences in activities of citrate synthase (p=0.79), malate dehydrogenase (p=0.17), and succinate dehydrogenase (p=0.35) compared with healthy controls. No correlation between any TCA cycle enzyme activity and severity of depressive symptoms was observed. Overall, these data suggest that the activities of the TCA cycle enzymes are not altered in major depressive episodes of recent-onset BD, which may support the concept of illness staging and neuroprogression in BD.
Refraction of the cyclonic microbarom signal by the cyclonic winds

Non-linear interaction of the ocean surface and atmosphere is known to produce narrow-band, low frequency, continuous acoustic and seismic radiation termed microbaroms and microseisms, respectively. The microbarom signal typically has an amplitude of a few microbars and a peak at 0.2 Hz. The microbaroms are generated by counter-propagating surface waves of equal period. The microbarom source location associated with a hurricane is believed to be due to the interaction of the waves produced by the cyclonic winds with the background ocean wave field and is generally located many kilometers from the eye of the storm, along a perpendicular to the direction of the ambient winds. Following up on a suggestion of Bedard and coworkers, propagation of the microbarom signal through the storm wind structure has been investigated using geometric acoustics in an inhomogeneous moving medium. Strong refraction of the signal is predicted. To observe this refraction we have deployed infrasound arrays along the US eastern seaboard. Predicted and measured back azimuths for propagation through the wind structure have been compared to the data recorded during the 2010 and 2011 Atlantic hurricane seasons.
Ring oscillator VCO using a differential delay stage

The present invention relates to a ring oscillator VCO using a differential delay stage, substantially increasing the oscillation frequency. The differential delay stage utilizes a differential latch together with a pair of PMOS transistors taking the input signals through skewed delay paths. The added control NMOS transistors controls the strength of said latch and makes the ring oscillator variable in oscillation frequency.
La fin de l’urbanisation en France ?

De l’avènement de l’ère industrielle à la fin des Trente Glorieuses, l’espace français a connu un phénomène de concentration de sa population dans les villes, donc d’urbanisation. Cette dynamique a fait devenir majoritaire la population des villes auparavant minoritaire. Ce phénomène se prolonge-t-il jusqu’à ce que le peuplement de la France devienne exclusivement urbain ? Ne serait-ce pas le contraire qui se déploie face à des dynamiques centrifuges du peuplement à toutes les échelles ? Une étude fine des évolutions et de leurs causes, enrichie par l’analyse des changements dans la hiérarchie des villes, permet de répondre à ces questions.
Preventing chronic wound infections with a novel, antibiotic wound irrigation solution; relieving patients from pain, risk of amputations and ensuring large cost savings for all healthcare systems.

Today, 40 million people globally live with chronic wounds. In addition to elevated pain, suffering and reduced quality of life for these patients, the direct cost for the national health systems of treating chronic wounds amounts to €47,8 Bn in UK and USA alone. Totally this corresponds to around €180 Bn per year globally. Frost & Sullivan (2017) estimates the total wound care product market to be €10 Bn. 
In total, biofilm infections represent 80% of all human infections and facilitate the development of antimicrobial resistance. All wounds are susceptible to microbial colonization and subsequent development of biofilm infections. 
SoftOx’ innovative Wound Irrigation Solution (WIS) is based on a combination of two highly active chemical agents with antimicrobial properties. The solution effectively stops microbial colonization and prevent biofilm formations in wounds, and thus enables the immune defense to regain control of the wound healing process. The proposed approach is based on successfully stabilizing hypochlorous acid with our patented production process and mixing device. Current SoA is not as effective in preventing biofilm infections without having adverse effects on the host. 
Our aim is to develop a clinically proven wound Irrigation Solution with antimicrobial effect and wound tolerability superior to all SoA products in the market.
Outcomes of IVF cycles coupled with PGS by aCGH of embryos from donor and autologous oocytes, transferred after vitrification to women of advanced maternal age

It is well documented that aneuploidy rate in preimplantation embryos increases with the mother's age, and at the same time the number of oocytes diminishes. Consequently, for patients of advanced maternal age two options are available to overcome these limitations: use of oocytes from young donors, or use of own oocytes coupled with preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) for 24 chromosomes. However, it is not clear which strategy might be more effective. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate outcomes of IVF cycles coupled with transfer of vitrified embryos from donor or autologous oocytes, both with or without PGS. Our results demonstrate that while after PGS clinical pregnancy, twin pregnancy and spontaneous abortion rates are similar for embryos from donor and autologous oocytes, these rates are dramatically worse in all cycles without PGS. Therefore, PGS can be recommended as a screening method to all patients of advanced maternal age even when donor oocytes are used.
Public Debt in Albania and Some Ideas on the Good Management of Public Finances

The material aims to make an analysis of all the numerous public discussions today in Albania regarding the public debt and ways and manners to balance it. Not only in Albania but also in the Euro zone countries like Greece, Spain, Ireland, Cyprus, Portugal, the management and control of public debt is the priority of the economy because of the threat that brings the high public debt on public finances due to macroeconomic instability. Albania's public debt reached in early 2013 to 63.8% of GDP, while the countries of the region have a lower debt level and higher GDP. There is a law in Albania on the basis of which it is realized such budget management to determine the level which was 60% of government debt. This level was changed by the Albanian Parliament in December 2012 going to 62%, a change which was accompanied by heated debates among parliamentary parties and groups of economists. But what should be the level of public debt in order to give breathing to the economy, to promote employment and reduce the unemployment. How will the government be able to come out of the parliamentary elections June 2013 to face the task of improving public finances, efficiency in revenue administration and increasing the sustainability of the fiscal regime, through the implementation of reforms agreed by all political forces and public.
 DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n10p332