SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Biopolymers for the generation of 3d tissue engineering scaffolds by solution mask liquid lithography

Three-dimensional (3D) printing in biomedical science has recently advanced the development of tailor-made implants. Designing structural and functional 3D constructs mimetic of both tissues and organs offers a genuine route to personalised implants, improving the patients' quality of life and reducing healthcare costs. While engineers have significantly progressed 3D printing methods, the barriers to progress include the limited variety of printable materials as well as the need for alternative low-cost printing technologies. BioSMaLL aims to address this through combining Solution Mask Liquid Lithography (SMaLL), a recent technology developed at the University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB), with the expertise of the applicant and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) in functional biopolymers and tissue engineering to develop bio-active scaffolds. The objectives of this global fellowship will be achieved by adaptation of BioSMaLL for newly designed biopolymers during the outgoing phase at UCSB . In a transfer of knowledge, BioSMaLL will then be established at RCSI and bespoke biocompatible scaffolds produced and validated during the incoming phase. The innovative approach will be facilitated by an interdisciplinary methodology at the interface of polymer chemistry, (bio)materials science, 3D printing and tissue engineering in two world-renowned groups. The career goal of the fellow to embark on a career in emerging biomedical technologies in a start-up company will be facilitated by a dedicated training programme across scientific methods as well as complementary training at UCSB and RCSI covering leadership, project management and commercialisation in addition to meetings with laboratory and management staff of the start-up company SurgaColl. The partners have a proven track record in training future leaders in materials science and healthcare aiming to make a difference and establish new technologies and innovative processes in Europe and beyond.
Density Effects on Subyearling Fall Chinook Salmon During Hatchery Rearing in Raceways with Oxygen Supplementation and After Release

Abstract To determine the effects of hatchery rearing density on fall Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha released as age-0 subyearlings, we experimentally reared fish at densities of 200,000, 300,000 and 400,000 fish per raceway in Michigan-style raceways that employ oxygen supplementation to achieve high density rearing. The study was conducted for two release years at a maximum raceway density of 52.3 kg/m3 and a maximum loading of 0.92 kg·L−1·min−1. At the end of hatchery rearing there was no significant difference in weight in either release year and Fulton's condition factor was similar in the first year. In the second release year condition factors were significantly different; the low-density group had significantly lower values and the high-density group had significantly higher values. Following release into the Umatilla River, Oregon, out-migration survival and travel time to John Day Dam on the Columbia River was monitored by using passive integrated transponder tags in a subsample of each...
Optical transmission based on integrability and nonlinear fourier transform

Optical fibre systems form the backbone of global telecommunication networks and carry the bulk of the world's data traffic, serving as a key component of information and communication technology. Although over the years, these systems have become increasingly complex, the quality of optical system performance is still affected by the same key physical features: chromatic dispersion, fiber Kerr nonlinearity, and optical noise. Most of the current optical networks exploit the techniques that were originally developed for linear channels. Thus, it is not surprising that nonlinearity has a detrimental impact on such systems. It has been predicted that, within the next decade the existing optical fibre technology will approach the ""nonlinear transmission limit'', which caps the achievable rate of error-free data transmission.  Thus, in order to reach a the higher capacity of optical fibres it is necessary to shift the relevant information and communications technology paradigm by introducing truly nonlinear modulation, transmission, and signal processing techniques. The aim of this project is to develop ground-breaking visionary concepts and approaches to unlock the capacity of fiber-optic communications beyond the limits of current technology by treating optical fiber as the inherently nonlinear medium it is. Our paradigm-shifting approach is based on the concept mathematical notion of integrability and the related nonlinear Fourier transform-type processing of optical signal, which allow us to use of the fibre nonlinearity in a constructive way. This multidisciplinary project, grouping together the mathematical theory of intergability, advanced signal processing, the physics of nonlinear waves evolution, solitons, and noise interaction with nonlinear excitations, combined with the optical transmission methods and purposes, is aimed at the development of fundamentally new communication technologies to satisfy current and future technology challenges.
Stability Analysis on the Movable Block Formed in the Underhand Cut-and-fill Drift under Horizontal Crustal Stress

The stability of surrounding rock in underground cavity is mainly affected by ground stress,and the horizontal crustal stress component is the critical influencing factor.According to the forming conditions and the stress state of the movable block formed in the underhand cut-and-fill drift,a stability analytic method considering the horizontal crustal stress was presented by vector algebra and mechanical analysis.Then the impact of the horizontal crustal stress on the movable block's stability was studied when the maximum horizontal crustal stress direction and the underhand cut-andfill drift direction were in different angles.Results showed that the stability of the movable block was closely related to the acted direction of the horizontal principal stress.The degree of impact on the stability of the movable block decreased gradually with the increase of the angle between the horizontal crustal stress direction and the underhand cut-and-fill drift direction.The block stability coefficient decreased faster when the angle changed during 0to 30degrees.As the angle increasing,the changes of the block stability coefficient tended to be gentle.Good results of this calculation method were achieved in engineering practice.
Coulomb Stress Analysis of Halmahera Earthquake on June 7th 2016, Mw=6.3 and Its Correlation with Aftershocks

Main earthquake with magnitude Mw 6.3, has been occurred in the West of Halmahera Island, Northern Molucca on June 7th, 2016. The activity of the Pacific plate, Eurasia plate and Indo-Australia plates trigger some earthquake around Halmahera. The purpose of the current study was to determine the Coulomb stress change of the main earthquake and predict the aftershocks’ location around it. For understanding an interaction of the faults, this study used Coulomb stress change model. Three component seismic waveform data recorded by TNTI station within 132 km, SANI station within 381.2 km, LUWI station within 478.3 km, and TOLI2 station within 617.6 km of the epicenter. This study used software ISOLA-GUI to obtain the parameters of the earthquake source. The parameters of the earthquake source were then used to determine fracture orientation, length, width and slip displacement. It was also used to calculate the Coulomb stress changes around the main shock, using software Coulomb 33. The result shows that the orientation of the earthquake fault has a dip angle of 48° to the horizontal plane and has a strike of 210° against the North. The fault length is 19.49 km, the fault width is 11.59 km and slip displacement is 49.43 cm. Based on plotting result, the main earthquake in Northern Molucca on June 7th, 2016 has positive Coulomb stress change that spread across the Northeast to the Southwest. This change is likely triggered three aftershocks with a range of Mw 4.7 to 6.2.
Thermoelastic creep analysis of a functionally graded various thickness rotating disk with temperature-dependent material properties

Abstract A semi-analytical solution for rotating axisymmetric disks made of functionally graded materials was previously proposed by Hosseini Kordkheili and Naghdabadi [1] . In the present work the solution is employed to study thermoelastic creep behavior of the functionally graded rotating disks with variable thickness in to the time domain. The rate type governing differential equations for the considered structure are derived and analytically solved in terms of rate of strain as a reduced to a set of linear algebraic equations. The advantage of this method is to avoid simplifications and restrictions which are normally associated with other creep solution techniques in the literature. The thermal and structural properties of the base metal are also considered as a function of temperature. It is noted that ignoring the temperature dependency of these properties caused up to 200% errors in the creep solution results. Also, results for the strain rates presented due to centrifugal force and thermal loadings for different disk cross section profiles as well as different boundary conditions. Results obtained within this solution are verified with those available in the literature for easier cases.
NMR spectroscopy of the Tau- microtubule interaction.

Tau is an intrinsically disordered, microtubule associated protein and is responsible for the promotion of microtubule (MT) formation and stabilization. The human Tau protein has six different isoforms, which are expressed in neurons of the central nervous system. A precise understanding of the molecular mechanism involved in the Tau-MT interaction is highly relevant to the study of neurodegenerative states as irregularities in the function of these proteins may lead to neuronal loss and cell death. For instance, the hyperphosphorylation of Tau leads to the depolymerization of MTs and formation of neurofibrillary tangles of Tau which is one of the hallmarks in neurodegenerative diseases. 
Although the function of Tau and MTs had been studied previously, it was still unclear how Tau binds to microtubules and high resolution information allowing the structural characterization of microtubule-bound Tau was missing. The aim of the thesis was to perform an in-depth study of the Tau-MT interaction and to determine the MT-bound conformation of the Tau protein. Furthermore, the identification of the binding sites of Tau on MTs will provide a three-dimensional view of the MT-bound Tau structure. 
Among the available techniques to derive structural information, NMR is the only method that allows structural description in near-physiological conditions and at atomic resolution. A divide-and-conquer approach in combination with exchange-transferred NMR methods were employed to overcome the size limitations in NMR and to establish the three-dimensional structure of MT-bound Tau.
This thesis covers the detailed NMR characterization of different Tau isoforms, mutants and shorter Tau constructs, thereby identifying the potential binding hot spots of Tau involved in MT interaction. This allowed the structure determination of highly independent and dynamic binding domains of MT-bound Tau using a ‘divide and conquer’ strategy and tr-NOE method. Sufficient experimental evidences obtained using NMR and other biophysical methods proved that the shorter Tau fragments used for structure determination can function similar to the full-length Tau protein. The influence of site-specific mutations and phosphorylation of Tau and Tau fragments is correlated with the structure that we identified. The obtained three-dimensional structure thus provides insights into the structure-function relationship of MT-bound Tau. Competition experiments using Tau fragments and MT targeting drugs in combination with tr-NOE, STD and Inpharma experiments revealed that the Tau binding domains compete against each other for binding to a single binding site on tubulin near the binding site of vinblastine. The results are supported by chemical cross linking coupled with mass spectrometry. Together with this information, it is possible to suggest a three-dimensional model of microtubule-bound Tau which is relevant to neurodegenerative diseases.
PRESSURE CONTROL DEVICE

A pressure control accumulator for hydraulic brake systems includes a housing (12) having a brake fluid port (36) and a cavity (46) communicating with the port. A staged series of resilient membranes is disposed within the cavity for nullifying hydraulic brake fluid pulsations over a wide range of pressures. The staged series preferably includes a resilient diaphragm (80) disposed adjacent the port for nullifying hydraulic brake fluid pulsations at low and normal pressures by itself and maintaining the brake fluid on one side of the diaphragm, and a resilient membrane disposed remote from the port and normally spaced from the diaphragm, the diaphragm and the remotely-disposed membrane cooperatively nullifying hydraulic brake fluid pulsations at high pressures by providing a plurality of resilient resistances in series. The remotely-disposed membrane may be a second diaphragm (90).
NYLON POLYMER

A polyamide comprising a diamine and a poly(ether glycol) dicarboxylic acid, wherein the poly(ether glycol) dicarboxylic acid has a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of at least 250 Daltons.
Review of Existing QSAR/QSPR Models Developed for Properties Used in Hazardous Chemicals Classification System

The development of a globally harmonized system (GHS) on an international level requires various countries to classify chemicals according to hazardous properties using similar categories. The classification criteria include physical, toxic (health), and environmental properties. The GHS is also being included in the U.S. regulations through the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking issued in September 2009 by the Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA). It has been suggested in the rulemaking that, in cases where experimental data are not available to predict some types of hazard, quantitative structure–activity relationships/quantitative structure–property relationships (QSAR/QSPR) can be applied as found necessary. Any chemical or physical property of the material can be related to information within an individual molecule and its structure, thereby developing prediction models such as QSAR and QSPR. This review examines the work published for QSARs/QSPRs (in addition to previously published reviews...
STUDY ON PRE-OPERATION CONDITION AND PEARL PRODUCTION OF PINCTADA MARTENSII

In order to standardize farming operations,increase pearl quality and percentage of high-quality pearls from Pinctada martensii.From August 2008 to November 2009,the pre-operation condition of Pinctada martensii,with weakening process in wicker basket and plastic bucket,culture water depth adjusting and freshwater immersion was carried out at Xuwen Longzhi pearl farm,Zhanjiang,Guangdong.It was found that there existed significant difference in survival rate among the groups after pre-operation condition,with survival rate varying from 80.0% to 95.2%.After 30-day rehabilitation,there were significant differences in survival and retention rates among the groups,with survival and retention rates ranging from 57.1%~84.0% and 54.9%~79.1%,respectively.During the pearl culture,there were significant differences in survival and pearl rates among the groups,with survival and pearl rates being from 63.1%~75.1% and 51.1%~70.1%,respectively.The present results indicate that freshwater immersion for 1 hour is effective to increase the survival,retention and pearl rates of pearl oyster P.martensii,and the method and be used in the commercial culture of the species.
The Effects of Public-Private Partnerships on Ultra-Poor Households in Bangladesh: Evidence from the IGVGD Programme

The problem of poverty is particularly severe in Bangladesh. To achieve the national development goals and especially to reduce poverty, the Government of Bangladesh has started to experiment with cooperative approaches involving the private sector and NGOs. Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) have been introduced as one of these novel approaches to poverty alleviation in Bangladesh. Income Generation for Vulnerable Group Development (IGVGD) is one of the important PPP arrangements under the Social Safety Net Programmes (SSNP) in Bangladesh. This article explores the effects of the IGVGD programme from the survey of sixty-six IGVGD households from fifteen Unions of five Districts. The survey results show an insignificant improvement in income levels. However, the survey results reveal that IGVGD is effective for ensuring food security. The programme also demonstrates noteworthy attainments in improving the rates of school enrolments of children; and in health consciousness such as immunisation of children, ...
Measuring countries’ performance at the Summer Olympic Games in Rio 2016

Summer Olympic games in Rio 2016 were the biggest and the most important sport event in 2016. Athletes’ performance at Olympics is always of a high interest and serve as a basis for various parametric and non-parametric analyses. In this article, we construct data envelopment analysis model to analyze countries’ performance in Summer Olympic games in Rio 2016. The traditional model structure is based on GDP-population theory. In this article, we go beyond this traditional model structure and introduce economic active population and corruption factors into the model. Similarly, the Olympic success is measured regarding medal ranking of each country. Nevertheless, we enlarge traditional golden, silver and bronze medals output structure, including medal ranking up to 8th position. This model structure enables us to also measure performance of lower performed countries that are traditionally not ranked in the medal rankings. As a complement to the achieved results, we decompose the results regarding World Bank’s income classification to be able to make conclusion of countries’ performance.
Recent Financial Crises and Regulations on the Credit Rating Agencies

Credit rating business firstly emerged in the United States in 1900s and became a part of global financial system together with globalization of financial markets as of mid-1970s. The bankruptcies of corporates such as Enron and Worldcom, and financial crises such as 1997 Asian crisis, Global financial crisis and the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis caused investors and public authorities to investigate the accuracy and reliability of the credit ratings. This study investigates the role of credit rating agencies in the global financial crisis and the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis, and then evaluates adequateness of the regulations on the credit rating agencies which the international bodies, the United States and the European Union have made. We evaluated that the new regulations on the credit rating agencies will probably succeed in increasing transparency and accountability of the credit rating agencies and decreasing over-reliance on credit rating agencies. However it does not seem possible that these new regulations will eliminate the conflicts of interest completely, increase the competition in the credit rating market and decrease the rating shopping in the short run.
A DEVICE AND METHOD FOR INSERTING ACOUSTICAL DAMPERS INTO EARPHONES

The present invention relates generally to a device and method for inserting and retaining an acoustical damper in a sound port for in-ear monitoring systems. In particular, a device having an insertion rod for guiding an acoustical damper into the opening of a sound port, and displacement members for forming retaining notches at the opening of the sound port, whereby the retaining notches retain the acoustical damper in the sound port.
[Factors associated with intrahospital mortality in older patients with COVID-19 in Belgium : The COVID-AgeBru study].

We aimed at assessing the association between demographical and clinical data and the intrahospital mortality in older patients with COVID-19 in Belgium.Descriptive, retrospective study of consecutive patients admitted to Brugmann university hospital, Brussels (Belgium) due to COVID-19 (Mars-September-2020).Patients aged ≥ 70 years admitted to acute care with a positive PCR-RT test, or a highly indicative computed tomography scan.Patients transferred to another institution during hospitalization.All-cause intrahospital mortality. Demographic, clinical data, presence of comordibidties and comprehensive geriatric assessment were collected. Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression were performed.From the 226 eligible patients, 160 (82.7 ± 6.5-year-old; 57.5 % females) met inclusion criteria, from which 67 (42 %) died during hospital stay. The adjusted logistic regression showed an association between intrahospital mortality and increasing age [OR = 1.09 per every year increase (95 % CI 1.02-1.16); p <0.001], type 2 diabetes [OR = 2.75 ( 1.17-6.46); p = 0.021], and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [OR = 8.67 ( 3.48-21.61); p < 0.01].A higher positive association between intrahospital mortality and increasing age, type 2 diabetes, and ARDS was found. The prognosis value of the comprehensive geriatric assessment in older people with COVID-19 in Belgium requires further studies.Les études sur l’impact de la pandémie en Belgique sont rares. L’objectif est d’évaluer l’association de l’âge et des comorbidités à la mortalité intra-hospitalière de toutes causes chez les patients âgés ? 70 ans avec COVID-19 dans un hôpital universitaire à Bruxelles, Belgique. Méthodes : Etude rétrospective descriptive des patients admis au CHU Brugmann pour cause de maladie COVID-19 (mars-septembre 2020). Critères d’inclusion : âge ≥ 70 ans admis avec PCR-RT positif ou haute probabilité d’infection au CT-scan thoracique. Critères d’exclusion : transfert dans un autre hôpital. Critère de jugement : toute cause de mortalité intra-hospitalière. Variables collectées : démographiques, cliniques et gériatriques [Katz, Lawton, MMSE, MNA, MNA-SF]. Une régression logistique non ajustée et ajustée a été réalisée. Résultats : Parmi les 226 patients éligibles, 160 (82,7 ± 6,5 ans; 57,5 % femmes) ont rempli les critères d’inclusion. Au total, 67 (42 %) sont décédés durant l’hospitalisation. La régression logistique a montré une association augmentée entre la mortalité et l’âge [odds ratio ou OR = 1,09/année en plus (IC 95 % 1,02-1,16) ; p< 0,001], le diabète de type 2 [OR = 2,75 (1,17-6,46); p = 0,021], l’ARDS [OR = 8,67 (3,48-21,61); p < 0,01].L’âge, le diabète de type 2 et le syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë (ARDS) sont associés à une augmentation de la mortalité chez les patients âgés hospitalisés avec COVID-19 en Belgique.
IN-LINE SALT REFINING OF MOLTEN ALUMINIUM ALLOYS

The present invention describes an apparatus and a process for in-line substantially continuous degassing of aluminium and/or aluminium alloys, in absence of chlorine and through the injection of at least one metal halide salt that includes a halogen and water and an inert gas, in a transfer trough before casting.