SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS TO LOAD SPREADING ASSEMBLIES

A load spreading assembly comprising a beam and four load bearing parts for securing lifting cables. The load bearing parts are arranged in pairs, one pair at each end of the beam, each pair of load bearing parts are fixed relative to the beam and are arranged symmetrically with a load bearing part either side of the beam. Each load bearing part comprises a retaining element arranged to retain a lifting cable on the load bearing part.
IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO THE LINING OF PIPELINES OR PASSAGEWAYS.

Le procédé prévoit l'application d'un tube de chemisage imprégné d'une résine synthétique, à la surface intérieure d'un pipe-line afin de chemiser ce dernier. Un tube de préchemisage (12) soit est connecté à l'extrémité avant du tube de chemisage (14), de sorte que ce dernier peut être inséré par retournement du tube de préchemisage dans le pipe-line ou le passage, tirant ledit tube de chemisage en position, soit ledit tube de chemisage est connecté au niveau de son extrémité arrière, à un tube de gonflage (16) lequel est tiré en position à mesure que ledit tube de chemisage pénètre dans ledit pipe-line ou ledit passage, ledit tube de gonflage étant ensuite retourné à l'intérieur dudit tube de chemisage afin de gonfler ce dernier. Selon le mode de réalisation préféré, l'ensemble comprend un tube de préchemisage connecté au niveau de l'extrémité avant, au tube de chemisage, ainsi qu'un tube de gonflage connecté au niveau de l'extrémité arrière dudit tube de chemisage.
WALL ELEMENT FOR SWIMMING POOL WITH VARIABLE CURVATURE

This element, which serves as casing, consists of a caisson (1) in the form of a right-angled parallelepiped, for being vertically erected and attached to adjacent elements by its narrow lateral vertical edges; this element is characterised in that its external surface (14), initially plane, has vertical recesses (4) the width of which can be increased or, on the contrary, decreased, such that it is possible to give to the element (1) a concave or a convex curvature.
Peri-Ocularly navigated exteroceptive snake robot for novel retinal interventions

Intraocular treatments require manipulation of structures with dimensions comparable to hand tremor. The demanded dexterity, coupled with reduced haptic and depth perception, calls for robotic assistance. 

Despite notable benefits, existing robots are not clinically disruptive but follow well-trodden intervention protocols with significant limitations, e.g. lack of flexibility at the scleral incision and limited manipulation bandwidth, as to avoid scleral, lens, and retinal damage. Robotics also does not obviate the prerequisite of the risky, cataract-inducing vitrectomy, which may cause retinal detachment (RD) or sight loss. 

Novel interventions like stem-cell delivery pose yet further challenges. Apart from removing healthy vitreous, they require millimetre-long retinal tears, lifting the retinal membrane, and injecting a stem-cell suspension or sheet. Current robots facilitate manipulations but conceivably neither enable alternative approaches nor reduce retinal-tear-induced risks.

PIONEER, the proposed snake robot, can disrupt clinical protocol by navigating peri-ocularly and around the orbital muscles to suprachoroidally reach the retina. Revolutionizing existing robot paradigms, PIONEER innovates both scientifically and technically. 

Optimal robot compliance will ensure force-adaptive peri-ocular steering conforming to the eye’s exterior. A tactile sleeve with micro-sensors will provide exteroceptive force sensing and shape estimation. Enhanced navigation, fusing optical coherence tomography with on-line vessel detection from novel tip-mounted probes, will ensure safe guidance to avoid vessels through imposed virtual fixtures and path planning. No vitrectomy will be required and the posterior scleral incision will leave the retinal membrane intact, minimising RD risk. 

PIONEER can be an enabler of emerging stem-cell interventions and futuristic procedures like drug-implant insertion and nerve interfacing, currently at human-dexterity limits or impossible.
Artificial intelligence for diagnosis and Gleason grading of prostate cancer: the PANDA challenge

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown promise for diagnosing prostate cancer in biopsies. However, results have been limited to individual studies, lacking validation in multinational settings. Competitions have been shown to be accelerators for medical imaging innovations, but their impact is hindered by lack of reproducibility and independent validation. With this in mind, we organized the PANDA challenge—the largest histopathology competition to date, joined by 1,290 developers—to catalyze development of reproducible AI algorithms for Gleason grading using 10,616 digitized prostate biopsies. We validated that a diverse set of submitted algorithms reached pathologist-level performance on independent cross-continental cohorts, fully blinded to the algorithm developers. On United States and European external validation sets, the algorithms achieved agreements of 0.862 (quadratically weighted κ, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.840–0.884) and 0.868 (95% CI, 0.835–0.900) with expert uropathologists. Successful generalization across different patient populations, laboratories and reference standards, achieved by a variety of algorithmic approaches, warrants evaluating AI-based Gleason grading in prospective clinical trials.
The immobilization of recombinant human tropoelastin on metals using a plasma-activated coating to improve the biocompatibility of coronary stents

Current endovascular stents have sub-optimal biocompatibility reducing their clinical efficacy. We previously demonstrated a plasma-activated coating (PAC) that covalently bound recombinant human tropoelastin (TE), a major regulator of vascular cells in vivo, to enhance endothelial cell interactions. We sought to develop this coating to enhance its mechanical properties and hemocompatibility for application onto coronary stents. The plasma vapor composition was altered by incorporating argon, nitrogen, hydrogen or oxygen to modulate coating properties. Coatings were characterized for 1) surface properties, 2) mechanical durability, 3) covalent protein binding, 4) endothelial cell interactions and 5) thrombogenicity. The N(2)/Ar PAC had optimal mechanical properties and did not delaminate after stent expansion. The N(2)/Ar PAC was mildly hydrophilic and covalently bound the highest proportion of TE, which enhanced endothelial cell proliferation. Acute thrombogenicity was assessed in a modified Chandler loop using human blood. Strikingly, the N(2)/Ar PAC alone reduced thrombus weight by ten-fold compared to 316L SS, a finding unaltered with immobilized TE. Serum soluble P-selectin was reduced on N(2)/Ar PAC and N(2)/Ar PAC + TE (p < 0.05), consistent with reduced platelet activation. We have demonstrated a coating for metal alloys with multifaceted biocompatibility that resists delamination and is non-thrombogenic, with implications for improving coronary stent efficacy.
Development of a compact, user-friendly and cost effective source for the generation of powerful and broad ultrashort pulses in the deep-uv

Here we present an original design of a compact and portable set-up able to generate very broadband (70-100 nm at 300 nm) and powerful (>1uJ/pulse) ultrashort deep-UV pulses. Compared with other schemes, it guarantees an aberration-free propagation, an easy installation and minimal dispersion. The present project aims to bring the current prototype to the level of a commercial device. The conceived design will allow to manufacture a compact, portable and cost effective device, which will be user-friendly and with almost no required maintenance. 
There is no such a source commercially available and the schemes proposed in scientific literature require an advanced level of competence in optics and laser physics, are not cost effective and unsuitable for industrial applications. 
There is thus a need of sources for ultrafast broadband radiation in the deep-UV to advance and enable new ultrafast science and extend into this spectral range the technological application of ultrafast laser sources. The implementation of the proposed device will definitively fill this gap.
Appropriateness of high-priority criteria and safety of endoscopy procedures during the COVID-19 lockdown

During the coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) pandemic, gastroenterology guidelines recommended the suspension or reduction of non-urgent endoscopy. We aimed to assess the appropriateness and safety of endoscopic activity during the pandemic first wave lockdown using European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) recommendations.We identified scheduled patients from the onset of the lockdown in Spain since March 16, 2020) to April 14, 2020. Daily hospital COVID-19-related burden was also registered. A similar cohort from a period immediately before the lockdown was studied (pre-lockdown cohort) to compare appropriateness.454 endoscopy procedures were performed during the studied period, comprising a 49.7% reduction compared to the pre-lockdown cohort (n = 913). There was a significant increase in ESGE high-priority indications (62.1% vs. 45.6%, p<0.001) associated with an increase in relevant endoscopic findings (p = 0.006), advanced neoplasia/cancer (p = 0.004) and cancer detection rate (p = 0.010). There were no differences in the rate of admissions or infection among scheduled patients in the lockdown cohort. None of the staff members tested positive for COVID-19 in the 7 days after the adoption of protective measures.A prioritized endoscopic activity is not associated with higher contagion after adopting protective measures. In addition, a triage of procedures that follow the ESGE criteria increases the rate of relevant endoscopic findings. These considerations may reduce the impact of the delays of diagnosis after the pandemic.
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Single-Dose Liposomal Amphotericin B Treatment for Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a leading cause of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related death in sub-Saharan Africa. Whether a treatment regimen that includes a single high dose of liposomal amphotericin B would be efficacious is not known.In this phase 3 randomized, controlled, noninferiority trial conducted in five African countries, we assigned HIV-positive adults with cryptococcal meningitis in a 1:1 ratio to receive either a single high dose of liposomal amphotericin B (10 mg per kilogram of body weight) on day 1 plus 14 days of flucytosine (100 mg per kilogram per day) and fluconazole (1200 mg per day) or the current World Health Organization-recommended treatment, which includes amphotericin B deoxycholate (1 mg per kilogram per day) plus flucytosine (100 mg per kilogram per day) for 7 days, followed by fluconazole (1200 mg per day) for 7 days (control). The primary end point was death from any cause at 10 weeks; the trial was powered to show noninferiority at a 10-percentage-point margin.A total of 844 participants underwent randomization; 814 were included in the intention-to-treat population. At 10 weeks, deaths were reported in 101 participants (24.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 20.7 to 29.3) in the liposomal amphotericin B group and 117 (28.7%; 95% CI, 24.4 to 33.4) in the control group (difference, -3.9 percentage points); the upper boundary of the one-sided 95% confidence interval was 1.2 percentage points (within the noninferiority margin; P<0.001 for noninferiority). Fungal clearance from cerebrospinal fluid was -0.40 log10 colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter per day in the liposomal amphotericin B group and -0.42 log10 CFU per milliliter per day in the control group. Fewer participants had grade 3 or 4 adverse events in the liposomal amphotericin B group than in the control group (50.0% vs. 62.3%).Single-dose liposomal amphotericin B combined with flucytosine and fluconazole was noninferior to the WHO-recommended treatment for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis and was associated with fewer adverse events. (Funded by the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership and others; Ambition ISRCTN number, ISRCTN72509687.).
High-Performance and Multifunctional Cement-Based Composite Material

Abstract Concrete is a continuously evolving material, and even the definition of high-performance concrete has changed over time. In this paper, high-performance characteristics of concrete material are considered to be those that support the desirable durability, resilience, and sustainability of civil infrastructure that directly impact our quality of life. It is proposed that high-performance material characteristics include tensile ductility, autogenous crack-width control, and material “greenness.” Furthermore, smart functionalities should be aimed at enhancing infrastructure durability, resilience, and sustainability by responding to changes in the surrounding environment of the structure in order to perform desirable functions, thus causing the material to behave in a manner more akin to certain biological materials. Based on recent advances in engineered cementitious composites (ECCs), this paper suggests that concrete embodying such high-performance characteristics and smart multifunctionalities can be designed, and holds the potential to fulfill the expected civil infrastructure needs of the 21st century. Highlights of relevant properties of ECCs are provided, and directions for necessary future research are indicated.
Thrombocytopenia as a predictor of severe acute kidney injury in patients with heat stroke

Abnormalities of blood system often occur several days before acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with heat stroke (HS). We aimed to investigate the prevalence and prognostic value of the early hematological markers in patients with AKI induced by HS.In a retrospective cohort study, we analyzed the case records of 176 patients with HS and evaluated the hematological markers for early prediction and risk classification in the patients with AKI.Of 176, 103 (58%) HS cases developed AKI, and men comprised more than half (75%) of the sample population. The nadir platelet count significantly correlated with the levels of peak serum creatinine (r = -0.608, p < 0.01) and blood urea nitrogen (r = -0.546, p < 0.01), and the length of hospital stay (r = -0.393, p < 0.01). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AU-ROC) indicated the prognostic accuracy of hematological markers, AU-ROC was significantly higher with the nadir platelet count than that with the admission platelet count (AU-ROC of the nadir platelet: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.67-0.82; vs. AU-ROC of the admission platelet: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.59-0.75; p < 0.01). Multiple logistic regression results indicated that the nadir platelet count (adjusted ORs: 37.92; 95% CI: 2.18-87.21; p < 0.01) was independent predictor of AKI in HS.The high mortality observed in HS complicated with AKI, and among the various hematological parameters assessed, thrombocytopenia is associated with AKI induced by HS independently.
Towards unification of algorithmic tools

Over last 50 years, extensive algorithmic research gave rise to a plethora of fundamental results. These results equipped us with increasingly better solutions to a number of core problems. However, many of these solutions are incomparable. The main reason for that is the fact that many cutting-edge algorithmic results are very specialized in their applicability. Often, they are limited to particular parameter range or require different assumptions. 

A natural question arises: is it possible to get “one to rule them all” algorithm for some core problems such as matchings and maximum flow? In other words, can we unify our algorithms? That is, can we develop an algorithmic framework that enables us to combine a number of existing, only “conditionally” optimal, algorithms into a single all-around optimal solution? Such results would unify the landscape of algorithmic theory but would also greatly enhance the impact of these cutting-edge developments on the real world. After all, algorithms and data structures are the basic building blocks of every computer program. However, currently using cutting-edge algorithms in an optimal way requires extensive expertise and thorough understanding of both the underlying implementation and the characteristics of the input data. 

Hence, the need for such unified solutions seems to be critical from both theoretical and practical perspective. However, obtaining such algorithmic unification poses serious theoretical challenges. We believe that some of the recent advances in algorithms provide us with an opportunity to make serious progress towards solving these challenges in the context of several fundamental algorithmic problems. This project should be seen as the start of such a systematic study of unification of algorithmic tools with the aim to remove the need to “under the hood” while still guaranteeing an optimal performance independently of the particular usage case.
Current Wildland Fire Patterns and Challenges in Europe: A Synthesis of National Perspectives

Changes in climate, land use, and land management impact the occurrence and severity of wildland fires in many parts of the world. This is particularly evident in Europe, where ongoing changes in land use have strongly modified fire patterns over the last decades. Although satellite data by the European Forest Fire Information System provide large-scale wildland fire statistics across European countries, there is still a crucial need to collect and summarize in-depth local analysis and understanding of the wildland fire condition and associated challenges across Europe. This article aims to provide a general overview of the current wildland fire patterns and challenges as perceived by national representatives, supplemented by national fire statistics (2009–2018) across Europe. For each of the 31 countries included, we present a perspective authored by scientists or practitioners from each respective country, representing a wide range of disciplines and cultural backgrounds. The authors were selected from members of the COST Action “Fire and the Earth System: Science &amp; Society” funded by the European Commission with the aim to share knowledge and improve communication about wildland fire. Where relevant, a brief overview of key studies, particular wildland fire challenges a country is facing, and an overview of notable recent fire events are also presented. Key perceived challenges included (1) the lack of consistent and detailed records for wildland fire events, within and across countries, (2) an increase in wildland fires that pose a risk to properties and human life due to high population densities and sprawl into forested regions, and (3) the view that, irrespective of changes in management, climate change is likely to increase the frequency and impact of wildland fires in the coming decades. Addressing challenge (1) will not only be valuable in advancing national and pan-European wildland fire management strategies, but also in evaluating perceptions (2) and (3) against more robust quantitative evidence.
Predeformation and Subsequent Annealing—A Way for Controlling Morphology of Carbides in Large Dimensional Bulk Nanocrystalline Fe-Al-Cr Alloy

In this study, a processing route is introduced to control the morphology of carbide and the grain size of nanocrystalline matrix of Fe-Al-Cr alloy. After predeformation followed by annealing treatment, the grain size of nanocrystalline matrix decreased slightly and the Cr7C3 phases transformed from a fiber shape to the globular shape. The yield strength and the flow stress of the alloy increased from 1048 to 1338 MPa and 1150 to 1550 MPa, respectively, while the ductility of the alloy also became better. This proposed method may open a way for controlling the morphology of carbide and the grain size of matrix in bulk nanocrystalline materials to receive higher strength and better plasticity.
Quantification of total fatty acids in microalgae: comparison of extraction and transesterification methods

Determination of microalgaes' fatty acid content is often done with chloroform and methanol according to the Bligh and Dyer extraction, though faster methods exist. A number of comparisons between the Bligh and Dyer and faster methods have resulted in contradicting data, possibly due to differences in algae used and the different versions of the Bligh and Dyer method applied. Here, various forms of direct-transesterification (D-TE) and two-step transesterification (2-TE), including three versions developed in our lab, are compared with the original Bligh and Dyer (Can J Biochem Physiol 37: 911-917, 1959) extraction and two modifications thereof (Lee et al. J AOAC Int 79:487-492, 1996, and our own acidified version) on microalgae with different cell walls: Isochrysis galbana, Nannochloropsis oculata, and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. In total, fatty acid extracts from 11 methods were separated and quantified by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Results show that, for N. oculata and P. tricornutum, methods based on chloroform-methanol underestimated the fatty acid content compared with the 2-TE and D-TE methods, which gave similar results. Moreover, D-TE methods are faster than chloroform-methanol methods and use chemicals that are less toxic. Of the D-TE methods, the ones using hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid recovered the most fatty acids, while boron trifluoride recovered slightly less. The main qualitative difference between the fatty acids recovered was that the chloroform-methanol methods recovered less saturated fatty acids in P. tricornutum.
Innovation and Technological Diffusion of Sino-Foreign Firms: Analysis Based on DII's Patent Citations of Cisco and Huawei

Patent citation is one of indicators surveying innovation. By analogizing patent citations of two top enterprises Cisco and Huawei in communications equipments industry, innovation and technology diffusion in both the Chinese and foreign enterprises is explored. Results argue, through long-term innovation some Chinese high-tech. firms efficiency in R & D has caught up with top multinationals; Technological diffusion of Chinese enterprises mainly distributes domestic firms, fewer and Primary in other countries and small Influence, and the multinational technological diffusion is global and top influence; technological innovation of the pursuing enterprise is the awl-shaped distribution, technological innovation of the advanced enterprise is the dumbbell distribution; the distribution of technological innovation more serious affects the direction of technological diffusion; the distribution of technological innovation and diffusion in Chinese enterprise's width is very high, but its top technologies are few, the low level of technical specialization, and multinational corporation has more superior technologies, technological innovation and diffusion's depth is more high, and has a relatively high degree of technical specialization.