SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical grafting of long spacer arms of hexamethyldiamine on a screen printed carbon electrode surface: application in target induced ochratoxin A electrochemical aptasensor

A novel strategy based on direct electrochemistry of amino group on screen printed carbon electrode surface (SPCE) was purposed. The purposed method was employed for the label free detection of ochratoxin A (OTA). A long spacer arm of hexamethyldiamine was immobilized on SPCE via electrochemical oxidation of its terminal amino-group. The activated carboxy-aptamer was covalently linked to other amino terminal group of immobilized hexamethyldiamine. The designed immobilized macromolecules resulted in the formation of long clusters on SPCE surface, while aptamer acted as gate to block the entrance of these clusters. The aptamer gates were closed due to change in conformation of aptamer upon target analyte binding, decreasing the electrochemical signal. The decrease in electrochemical signal was used for the detection of target molecule.
Ocean-Bottom distributed acoustic sensors: new tools for underwater seismology

One of the greatest outstanding challenges in seismology is the sparsity of instrumentation across Earth’s oceans. Poor spatial coverage results in biases and low-resolution regions in global tomography models as well as significant location uncertainty for offshore seismicity. Also, the lack of significant seismic instrumentation offshore makes it more complicated to have reliable early warning systems capable of mitigating some of the disastrous consequences of tsunamis. Ocean-bottom seismometers (OBS) are indeed available, but they are generally very expensive and limited by rapid data telemetry and battery life except in near-shore environments. The aim of this proposal is to provide a low-cost deployable solution (basically inexistent so far) for monitoring seismicity in remote areas of the ocean. The idea would be to retrofit existing telecommunication optical fiber cables lying in the ocean and transform them (with no basic change in the cable itself) into powerful seismic sensing arrays. With a single optoelectronic unit in the end of the cable (onshore), a full span of 50 km or more could be monitored, with thousands of measuring points interrogated. The proposed solution would be much cheaper than current alternatives and could easily allow deploying a large number of these sensor arrays, particularly in currently unmonitored areas. Moreover, all the fibre-optic cables used worldwide for communications are suitable for our proposed sensor, hence the same installation methodology could be exported to a large number of scenarios. The proposed solution has been pinpointed by prestigious seismology laboratories worldwide (Caltech Seismology Lab, GFZ Postdam, GeoAzur Nice) as a system with a great potential for adoption in the seismological field. A suitable demonstrator will be developed along the project and will be field tested in collaboration with GeoAzur Nice, in an underwater cable in the coast of Greece.
STRUCTURED FINANCE PERFORMANCE MONITORING INDEX

A method for assessing and dynamically rating transactions (180) for structured finance transactions. The method assesses the deviation (170) from a payment promise to be expected from securities backed by pools of assets of various forms (100), the securities being issued in a plurality of tranches (125). The liabilities of the transaction, including triggers and external form of credit enhancement, are taken into account precisely to compute the deviation from the payment promise to be expected by liability holders. Data representing the structure of the transaction and the current state of the asset pool are received (100). A Markov chain formalism (150) is applied on the received data, and a cash flow model is constructed to predict the cash flow performance (180) of the asset pool.
Misclassifying New York’s Hidden Units as Vacant in 2010: Lessons Gleaned for the 2020 Census

The Local Update of Census Addresses (LUCA) program allowed local governments to include hard-to-find units in the Census Bureau’s Master Address File (MAF), which is the cornerstone of the mailout/mailback decennial census. These improvements have allowed the Census Bureau to penetrate the more marginal parts of the housing stock, where units are often not formally labeled, and where their very existence can be difficult to determine. In New York City, where address updating included two rounds of LUCA, the Census Bureau acknowledged an increase of 170,000 housing units between 2000 and 2010. However, there was a dramatic growth in vacant units, equivalent to almost one-half of the total increase in housing units. The increase in vacant units was disproportionately concentrated in 2 of the 18 local census offices in New York City. The paper uses local administrative data on new construction, property foreclosures, and property values; data from the United States Postal Service; as well as survey data from the New York City Housing and Vacancy Survey and the American Community Survey to show why this concentrated increase in vacant units is untenable. From the standpoint of the enumeration, units added in LUCA would challenge the best enumerator, but these hurdles were largely overcome, but for the two local census offices. The paper goes on to discuss how the Census Bureau can adopt measures in 2020 to ensure that housing units and their occupancy status are accurately enumerated in New York and across the nation.
Basic Nursing Care to Prevent Nonventilator Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia

Nonventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia (NV-HAP) is an underreported and unstudied disease, with potential for measurable outcomes, fiscal savings, and improvement in quality of life. The purpose of our study was to (a) identify the incidence of NV-HAP in a convenience sample of U.S. hospitals and (b) determine the effectiveness of reliably delivered basic oral nursing care in reducing NV-HAP.A descriptive, quasi-experimental study using retrospective comparative outcomes to determine (a) the incidence of NV-HAP and (b) the effectiveness of enhanced basic oral nursing care versus usual care to prevent NV-HAP after introduction of a basic oral nursing care initiative.We used the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Problems (ICD-9) codes for pneumonia not present on admission and verified NV-HAP diagnosis using the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention diagnostic criteria. We completed an evidence-based gap analysis and designed a site-specific oral care initiative designed to reduce NV-HAP. The intervention process was guided by the Influencer Model (see Figure) and participatory action research.We found a substantial amount of unreported NV-HAP. After we initiated our oral care protocols, the rate of NV-HAP per 100 patient days decreased from 0.49 to 0.3 (38.8%). The overall number of cases of NV-HAP was reduced by 37% during the 12-month intervention period. The avoidance of NV-HAP cases resulted in an estimated 8 lives saved, $1.72 million cost avoided, and 500 extra hospital days averted. The extra cost for therapeutic oral care equipment was $117,600 during the 12-month intervention period. Cost savings resulting from avoided NV-HAP was $1.72 million. Return on investment for the organization was $1.6 million in avoided costs.NV-HAP should be elevated to the same level of concern, attention, and effort as prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in hospitals.Nursing needs to lead the way in the design and implementation of policies that allow for adequate time, proper oral care supplies, ease of access to supplies, clear procedures, and outcome monitoring ensuring that patients are protected from NV-HAP.
Seamless services for housing energy efficiency renovation

SHEERenov objective is to develop and test a model for the provision of integrated residential renovation services on the territory of Sofia in Bulgaria. The implementation of this project will support the Bulgarian Government's intended transition from the current multifamily buildings energy efficiency renovation model, financed fully from public resources and administered entirely by public institutions, to a market oriented model. Based on analysis of barriers and identified needs, enabling conditions will be created to attract and facilitate participation of relevant market stakeholders and players in the process of energy efficiency renovation in the residential sector: i.e.: homeowners, business, financial sector. 

The project will contribute to the achievement of multi-dimensional impacts in terms of creating a new system to provide integrated home renovation services with highly standardized and optimized procedures: (1) A “one stop shop” assistance to homeowners, allocated at the private business and their alliances sustainably ensured for the future through regulations and capacity building activities; (2) A three components sustainable financial mechanism to facilitate loans access, conditional subsidy receipt and targeted support to insolvents; (3) Municipal policies regarding newly assigned roles in the process of residential buildings renovation. 

The sustainability of SHEERenov results will be ensured through policy recommendations, communication, exploitation and dissemination activities and intended policy change regarding multifamily building renovation in Bulgaria.
METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING SEMICONDUCTORS

A semiconductor device includes an insulator between an electrode and a substrate. For example, the semiconductor device may include an insulated gate component, such as a MOSFET. The insulator is comprised of a material having a relatively high dielectric constant compared to silicon dioxide, such as titanium dioxide. The titanium dioxide is suitably formed by initially depositing titanium nitride. The titanium nitride may be exposed to an oxidizing ambient, such as nitric oxide ambient. The titanium nitride reacts with nitric oxide to form titanium dioxide.
Braess' paradox in a generalised traffic network

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Braess' paradox illustrates situations when adding a new link to a transport network might lead to an equilibrium state in which travel times of users will increase. The classical network configuration introduced by Braess in 1968 to demonstrate the paradox is of fundamental significance because Valiant and Roughgarden showed in 2006 that 'the global behaviour of an equilibrium flow in a large random network is similar to that in Braess' original four-node example'. Braess' paradox has been studied mainly in the context of the classical problem introduced by Braess and his colleagues, assuming a certain type of symmetry in networks. Specifically, two pairs of links in those networks are assumed to have the same volume-delay functions. The occurrence of Braess' paradox for this specific case of network symmetry was investigated by Pas and Principio in 1997. Such a symmetry is not common in real-life networks because the parameters of volume-delay functions are associated with roads physical and functional characteristics, which typically differ from one link to another. This research provides an extension of previous studies on Braess' paradox by considering arbitrary volume-delay functions, that is, symmetry properties are not assumed for any of the network's links and the occurrence of Braess' paradox is studied for a general configuration.
Henipaviruses in Their Natural Animal Hosts

Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV) form a separate genus Henipavirus within the family Paramyxoviridae, and are classified as biosafety level 4 pathogens due to their high case fatality rate following human infection and because of the lack of effective vaccines or therapy. Both viruses emerged from their natural reservoir during the last decade of the twentieth century, causing severe disease in humans, horses and swine, and infecting a number of other mammalian species. The current review summarizes our up to date understanding of pathology and pathogenesis in the natural reservoir species, the Pteropus bat, and in the equine and porcine spill over species.
AFS Determination of Mercury in Arsenic Ingot

A method of AFS for the determination of mercury in arsenic ingot was proposed.The sample was dissolved in mixed acid of HCl-HNO3(1+1),and Hg(Ⅱ)in the sample solution was extracted into n-butyl alcohol. Mercury(Ⅱ)in the organic phase was reduced to mercury vapor with 10g·L-1 potassium borohydride solution and determined by AFS.Linear relationship between values of fluorescence intensity and mass concentration of mercury was kept in the range of 0.15-80μg·L-1,with detection limit(3s/k)of 0.20μg·L-1.The proposed method was applied to the analysis of 2samples of arsenic ingots,giving values of RSD′s(n=6)less than 2%,and values of recovery found by standard addition method in the range of 96.3%-97.2%.
Market maturation of the first on-board autonomous biofouling cleaning system to keep ship’s hull clean at all times

The world fleet spends €74 billion/ year in fuel, corresponding to 325 million tonnes of fuel and the emission of 1,099 million
tonnes of CO2. If nothing is done shipping emissions will increase between 50% and 250% by 2050. It has been estimated
that 10% of the vessels energy cost and emissions are due to fouling on the hull. Thus, if the entire world fleet were kept
clean of fouling, the savings would be of 32.5 million tonnes of fuel/ year. So far, this is not possible because cleaning
solutions are based on expensive dry-dock and call-on-demand underwater services contracted to clean the ship in ports.
These solutions have often poor quality, are expensive, unsafe for the divers and/ or maritime traffic and only provide a
transient increase in the hull performance.
Cliin has developed the first on-board automatic cleaning robot – HCR – that enables a completely new procedure for
ship-owners, operators and charterers’ management of the hull. HCR will be permanently installed on the ship and
available at any given time and location, allowing a continuous cleaning, thus preventing early formation of fouling. HCR
will allow savings in fuel consumption of up to 10%/ year over 5 years when compared to call on-demand solutions.
Moreover, the use of HCR improves sustainability of maritime sector by reducing GHG emissions, minimizing the
transport of invasive species associated with the fouling and improving the health and safety at the workplace, as there is
minimum crew involvement in the cleaning operation and the marine traffic in ports is not disturbed.
Through the successful development and implementation of HCR technology, Cliin will be in a strong position to exploit a
market projected to value US$ 4 Billion by 2020 and enhance its profitability by the stream of the sales, with an expected
cumulated revenue of €107 million, 5 years after project completion.
Abstract 2869: Interaction between a COX2 polymorphism and ER status in relation to risk for early events in breast cancer patients.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC

Background. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) polymorphisms are associated with cancer in the lung, colorectum, and breast. In several studies, the COX2 rs5277 variant has been implicated in cancers associated with inflammation. COX-2 is the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of the pro-inflammatory prostaglandin, which activates CYP19 transcription and increases CYP19 (aromatase) levels, the key enzyme in androgen to estrogen conversion. The aim of this study was to investigate whether associations between the COX2 rs5277 polymorphism and early breast cancer events vary according to ER-status. Methods. COX2 rs5277 (306G>C, V102V) was genotyped with PCR based methods in 634 breast cancer patients in a population-based ongoing cohort from southern Sweden. Clinical data were obtained from patient charts and pathology reports. Rs5277 was examined in relation to patient, tumor characteristics and early events. Results. Minor allele frequency was 16.1%. Rs5277 was not associated with patient or tumor characteristics. Median follow-up was 4.92 years in patients with invasive tumors. Overall, increasing number of C-alleles was not associated with early events (Log Rank 1df; p=0.35). However, after stratification according to ER status, increasing number of C-alleles was associated with a fewer early events in the 73 patients with ER-negative tumors (Log Rank 1df; p=0.029) and borderline associated with more early events among the among the 497 patients with ER-positive tumors (Log Rank 1df; p=0.081). The interaction between ER-status and COX2 rs5277 on early events was significant (pinteraction=0.010). In a multivariate model among patients with ER-positive tumors, a CC genotype predicted an increased risk for early events (HR 4.25; 95 %CI 1.18-15.29; p=0.027), adjusted for tumor size (pT), nodal involvement, age, and histological grade. None of the patients with a CC genotype and an ER-negative tumor had a breast cancer event during the follow-up. Conclusion. The results indicate that the association between the COX2 rs5277 polymorphism and early breast cancer events varies according to ER-status. Information on rs5277 genotype may provide additional prognostic information for individual breast cancer patients.

Citation Format: Andrea Markkula, Maria Simonsson, Christian Ingvar, Carsten Rose, Helena C. Jernstrom. Interaction between a COX2 polymorphism and ER status in relation to risk for early events in breast cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2869. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2869
Smart high-frequency environmental sensor networks for quantifying nonlinear hydrological process dynamics across spatial scales

Regulators and industries are challenged by the difficulty to analyse and predict the impact of nonlinear environmental processes on short-term and long-term responses of ecosystems to environmental change. Until very recently, the development of most conventional monitoring, forecasting and prediction tools has been based on the assumption of stationary environmental systems. In the context of global change these tools are increasingly pushed towards and even beyond their design limits (the latter resulting in the first line from the prevailing limitations in spatial and temporal resolution of environmental observations).

For this project, we propose a rationale stating that only novel, high-frequency/high-resolution environmental monitoring and predictive modelling will yield new process understanding of ecosystem functioning. Technological progress offers as many opportunities as it triggers challenges: what is needed now are new strategies to generate, manage and analyse BIG DATA at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. Innovation can only stand as a synonym for ‘significant positive changes’ if [a] we manage to clearly state the challenges (global change & non-stationarity) and problems (generating and managing high-frequency information) and [b] transform them into solutions, i.e. the quantification and prediction of environmental responses to global change as a prerequisite for designing and implementing adaptation and/or mitigation strategies wherever needed.

The timely outcomes of this research project will hence be of great relevance for the scientific community, regulatory agencies, and the private sector.
Chapter 4 Determinants of Students’ Repeating the First College-level Accounting Course

Abstract
Using data from a mid-west public university, this study examines the determinants of students’ repeating the first college-level accounting course. More than 600 students are included in the study. The results show that three factors (cumulative college grade point average, intention to major in accounting, and students’ motivation and determination) are significant in explaining students’ repeating of the course. The study provides evidence that the repeating students are more likely to be the students with prior high school accounting education. The study identifies that repeating is not due to a student failing the course but rather that repeating is more likely to be an individual decision when the student is not satisfied with the grade he/she gets, either because he/she self-screens out of business school, or decides to repeat the course to stay in their business major. Finally, the study shows that there is little evidence of grade improvement when a student repeats the first college-level accounting course.
Grant for Adventure Pictures Marcin Jamkowski to maintain the company’s current operations and provide it with liquidity in the event of a fall in revenues due to the COVID-19 pandemic

The project provides for a grant to the company Adventure Pictures Marcin Jamkowski, which was affected by the COVID 19 pandemic. Due to the pandemic, turnover decreased significantly. The grant will ensure the maintenance of the company’s activity and employment for a period of 3 calendar months.
Computational Exploration of a Two-Spool High Bypass Turbofan Engine's Component Deterioration Effects on Engine Performance

Aircraft engines are exposed to degradation due to several factors such as environmental air pollution, fuel content and ageing or degradation of engine’s components, which are experienced within specified time. While the turbofan in operation, its components deteriorate and consequently affect its performance. This study is aimed to computationally investigate the effect of components degradation on engine performance. A high bypass turbofan engine operated at cruise is selected for this evaluation and the simulation was performed using the Gas Turbine Simulation Program (GSP). The affected components considered are turbines and compressors with deterioration rate ranging from 0% to 5%. The effect of selected deterioration rate on engine thrust and thrust specific fuel consumption (TSFC) is studied. Results obtained show an agreement with literature where reduction in engine thrust and TSFC are observed. Turbine’s fouling has been found to be more severe than erosion in terms of power and efficiency losses. However, in terms of the overall performance, the erosion effect is more severe than fouling.