SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Homogeneous and heterogeneous enantioselective single electron transfer (set) catalysis in cross-coupling reactions

Chirality of organic molecules plays a paramount role in our society as a consequence of the direct relation between the absolute molecular configuration and many properties and applications of molecular compounds and materials. The demand of enantiomerically pure compounds has increased considerably driven by the request of the pharmaceutical industry, as well as applications such as flavours, fragrances, and materials. In this context, the development of new methodologies to obtain enantiomerically pure compounds has become a challenge for the scientific community. 
This project entitled “Homogeneous and heterogeneous enantioselective Single Electron Transfer (SET) catalysis in cross-coupling reactions (EnanSET)” aims at developing novel enantioselective SET cross-coupling reactions of redox active esters (RAEs) by Ni-complex due to this kind of compounds do not need previous activation. Moreover, in order to develop more environmentally friendly processes, the methodology will be extended to non-toxic SET complex as titanium complexes, with the goal of developing the first Ti-catalysis of RAEs. Additionally, inspired by demand of the industrial processes, the need to develop clean and green chemical processes in order to avoid environmental concerns and the advantages that heterogeneous catalysis provides, we will develop the first SET heterogeneous catalysis with MOFs through the postsynthetic incorporation of chiral Ni or Ti-residues on the pore structure.
ELECTRIC MACHINE HAVING AN INTEGRATED INVERTER

An electric machine system includes an alternating current (AC) electric machine. The AC electric machine includes a machine housing having a machine portion and a switch portion. A stator is fixedly mounted in the machine portion, a rotor rotatably mounted relative to the stator, and a plurality of switch members are arranged within the switch portion. The plurality of switch members are electrically connected to the stator. A direct current power source is electrically connected to the plurality of switch members. A controller is arranged within a controller housing and electrically connected to the plurality of switch members. The controller housing is distinct from and remotely mounted relative to the AC electric machine. The controller is configured and disposed to activate select ones of the plurality of switch member to convert DC current between the DC power source and an AC current to operate the AC electric machine.
A novel strategy of network partitioning for load node in power systems using spectral clustering

In order to solve the drawback that traditional algorithms cannot indicate the crucial load buses in the specific area,a novel method is proposed to partition a group of load buses and to indicate the crucial load buses based on local voltage stability index.According to the physical significance of local voltage stability index,this method initially maps the load buses of a specific power system into the multivariate load space where the space distance is defined as the electrical distance between load buses.In the following stage,the load subgraph model is established as the equivalence of load space,then the spectrum clustering algorithm is utilized to indicate the reasonable partition for a group of load buses recursively.Subsequently,the given partition is supposed to be synthesized with local voltage stability sensitivity matrix and consequently obtain the crucial load bus in each zone.The IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 118-bus test cases are used to numerically validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Conventional and molecular biotyping of Brucella strains isolated from cattle, sheep and human

Summary: In this study, the role of Brucella spp. in cattle and sheep abortions among Kayseri region was investigated and predominant subspecies and biovars in this region were determined by conventional and molecular biotyping methods. For this purpose, 61 cattle and 64 sheep abortion material and also 50 human blood isolates were examined. A total of 29 Brucella spp. 17 (27.9%) and 12 (18.7%) of which were isolated from cattle and sheep specimens, respectively) were isolated from animal sources. Both animal and human isolates were typed by conventional and Enhanced AMOS-ERY PCR methods. All Brucella spp. strains isolated from cattle were found to belong to B. abortus biovar 3 and biovar 3b using conventional and molecular typing methods, respectively. All sheep originated Brucella spp. strains and human originated Brucella spp. strains were found to belong to B.melitensis biovar 3 using both conventional and molecular methods. As a result, predominant biovars causing brucellosis in human, cattle and sheep in Kayseri, Turkey were detected. These findings were considered to be useful in prevention and controlling activities for Brucellosis in Turkey. Keywords: Biotyping,
The use of ALS, botanical, and soil data to monitor the environmental hazards and regeneration capacity of areas devastated by highway construction

The impact of viaduct construction on the vegetation of a river valley was studied in Central Poland (Natura 2000 site PLH100006). The research aimed at assessing the suitability of ALS (airborne laser scanning), soil, and botanical data for monitoring the environmental effects of right-of-way reclamation 1 year after the road construction. Based on the data mentioned above, the following problems were identified: changes in topography and hydrological conditions of the valley as a result of improper land levelling, the use of inadequate soil for reclamation, no spontaneous regeneration of natural vegetation along the entire right-of-way, as well as the abundant occurrence of invasive species. The results of analysis were used to define strategies for mitigation of adverse impacts of the viaduct construction.
Industrial land use and heavy metal contaminated wastewater used for irrigation in periurban Zambia

Studies on urban and periurban agriculture in Zambia have not adequately tackled land use practices in relation to problems associated with wastewater irrigated farming. This study investigated land use practices in two wastewater irrigated farming areas in the industrial towns of Mufulira and Kafue respectively in the Copperbelt and Lusaka provinces of Zambia. Drawing on data from field interviews and focus group discussions, as well as laboratory analysis of the heavy metal content in the wastewater used for irrigation in farm plots at both sites, the study outlines the problems associated with wastewater irrigated farming, including the vulnerability context of those whose livelihoods depend on insecure access to vacant land for informal farming. The findings also confirm the heavy metal contamination of the wastewater used for farming, as well as seepage into the surrounding environment, from mining and industrial enterprises located amidst residential areas. The characteristics of mixed land use, high crop diversification, multiple cropping systems and multiple livelihood practices found in these areas of informal farming are similar to those noted in periurban farming in other developing economy contexts. Given that wastewater irrigated crop farming forms part of the livelihood portfolio among the majority of periurban populations, these preliminary results reinforce the need for municipal authorities to improve scrutiny of land use regulation, raise awareness among informal farmers of the hazards associated with using domestic sewage wastewater and untreated industrial effluents, and ensure improve treatment of the wastewater used for human consumption.
USE OF MIXTURES CONSISTING OF RESINS AND FATTY SUBSTANCES

Disclosed is the use of mixtures consisting of (a) resins and/or resin esters and (b) fatty substances selected from the group which is formed by fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters, fatty alcohols, fatty alcohol polyglycolethers and paraffins and (c) optionally fatty alcohol polyglycolether sulphates. Said mixtures are used as hydrophobing means for paper.
Economic statistical design of the VP control charts for monitoring a process under non-normality

Recent studies proved that variable parameters (VP) control charts not only detect process mean shifts quicker than the classical control chart but also have better economic properties. While most papers in control chart design assume that process data are normally distributed this may not be true in practice. In this paper, we investigate the economic statistical design of the VP control chart when the underlying process distribution is non-normal. Here, we use the Burr distribution as a model of the process quality variable distribution because of its flexibility in terms of being able to model many distributions including the normal. We illustrate the design procedure and perform a sensitivity analysis on the process and cost parameters based upon the degrees of skewness and kurtosis of the population using an industrial application.
Spectra and energy levels of Yb3+ ions in CaF2 transparent ceramics

Abstract Fluoride CaF 2 :Yb 3+ transparent ceramics for high power lasers are obtained by vacuum sintering and hot pressing of nanoparticles synthesized through a soft chemistry route. Comparative investigation of the luminescent properties of CaF 2 :Yb 3+ ceramics with the properties of single crystals counterpart is performed. A detailed spectroscopic analysis of the crystal-field splitting of the energy levels of Yb 3+ in CaF 2 ceramics is reported based on assignments made to the absorption and selective emission spectra observed between 905 nm and 1100 nm obtained at 20 K. The experimental Stark energy levels of the two Yb 3+ manifolds are established for all the present site symmetries in the CaF 2 ceramics host. Furthermore, a crystal field investigation of Yb 3+ doped CaF 2 transparent ceramics is presented. Very satisfactory agreement was obtained between calculated and experimental Stark energy levels of Yb 3+ ion corresponding to isolated and complex sites. Using the calculated Stark energy levels, the majority of the emission lines is attributed to the cubic ( O h ), tetragonal ( C 4v ) and trigonal ( C 3v ) site symmetries of Yb 3+ in CaF 2 ceramics, which are the dominant luminescent centers at low ytterbium concentrations (0.5 at%). For higher dopant concentrations, above the 2.5 at%, these emission lines are related only for one dominant class of Yb 3+ centers which corresponds to some hexameric clusters (Yb 6 F 36 and Yb 6 F 37 ).
Drépanocytose chez l’enfant

La drépanocytose, maladie génétique la plus fréquente en France, est non seulement une maladie de l’hémoglobine, mais aussi une maladie vasculaire associée à des phénomènes inflammatoires. La douleur est au premier plan. Elle est devenue une maladie chronique émaillée de complications aiguës. Le dépistage néonatal a permis d’améliorer de manière très significative la mortalité et la morbidité grâce aux mesures préventives (antibioprophylaxie, vaccinations, dépistage de la vasculopathie cérébrale), à l’éducation thérapeutique et à la prise en charge psychologique débutées dès l’âge de 2 mois. Dès l’annonce, la prise en charge doit être multidisciplinaire et en réseau de soins. Dans les formes sévères, l’intensification thérapeutique par hydroxycarbamide, des transfusions régulières et/ou une greffe de moelle en ont transformé le pronostic. Les principales complications aiguës (crise vaso-occlusive, syndrome thoracique aigu, anémie brutale, infection sévère, accident vasculaire cérébral) peuvent survenir de manière imprévisible chez l’enfant et mettre en jeu le pronostic vital. Elles nécessitent un diagnostic et une prise en charge thérapeutique urgents. À l’avenir, un des challenges sera de repérer très précocement les patients à risque de développer une maladie sévère afin qu’ils puissent bénéficier d’une intensification thérapeutique précoce, et de pouvoir prévenir l’apparition des complications organiques chroniques chez l’adulte.
Improvements in or relating to chucks for machine tools

729,051. Chucks. CLEA VER, A. Oct. 29, 1953 [July 31, 1952], No. 19337/52 Class 83 (3). A chuck comprises a tapered collet 5 closed by a screw cap 8 to grip a parallel shank tool 9, and a tapered pin 14 which passes througt the chuck body 4 and the collet to engage a recess 13 in the tool-shank.
Modelling and Automated Implementation of Optimal Power Saving Strategies in Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Architectures

This paper focuses on how to efficiently reduce power consumption in coarse-grained reconfigurable designs, to allow their effective adoption in heterogeneous architectures supporting and accelerating complex and highly variable multifunctional applications. We propose a design flow for this kind of architectures that, besides their automatic customization, is also capable of determining their optimal power management support. Power and clock gating implementation costs are estimated in advance, before their physical implementation, on the basis of the functional, technological, and architectural parameters of the baseline design. Experimental results, on 90 and 45 nm CMOS technologies, demonstrate that the proposed approach guides the designer towards optimal implementation.
Value of anatomic and physiologic scoring systems in outcome prediction of trauma patients

The goal of this study was to compare the prediction performance of two anatomic scales, the Injury Severity Scale (ISS) and the New Injury Severity Scale (NISS), with two physiologic scales, the Revised Trauma Scale (RTS) and the Simplified Acute Physiology Scale II (SAPS II), in trauma patients.Prospective study carried out over a 16-month period.Emergency department of a teaching hospital.Hospitalized victims of trauma up to 14 years of age.The primary endpoint was the survival status at hospital discharge; the secondary outcome was need for ICU admission. Model discrimination was evaluated by the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve and model calibration was evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistic.A total of 1136 patients, with an average age of 37.6 years, fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The mortality rate was 4.5%. The combined rate of hospital death and ICU admission was 17.3%. The ISS and the NISS showed excellent discriminative power for mortality prediction (AUC 0.94 and 0.93, respectively) and ICU admission decision (0.91 and 0.89, respectively), and a good calibration. The SAPS II and the RTS showed lower discriminative power. Combining ISS or NISS with SAPS II did not improve significantly the predictive performance of each scale alone.Both ISS and NISS showed better predictive severity performance compared with RTS and SAPS II in trauma patients. The combination of anatomic scales with physiologic ones did not improve the prediction performance of each scale considered alone.
Nieistotne alternatywy wyboru mają znaczenie. Przegląd wiedzy o efekcie asymetrycznej dominacji

In this article we attempt to summarize the findings from a number of studies on the asymmetric dominance effect (attraction effect, decoy effect). This is a phenomenon where popularity of one of the decision alternatives increases when accompanied by a similar but inferior (dominated) option. Scientifi c research and numerous observational studies show that the attraction effect occurs in various fi elds, incl. the economy, politics, law or medicine. In the literature there are many ambiguities and contradictory theories about, for example, its determinants in the light of the dual-systems theory. It is not entirely clear whether the phenomenon of asymmetric domination is the result of a refl ective, deliberative way of information processing or of quick and intuitive thinking. There is also no unequivocal answer to the question whether this effect is a manifestation of human irrationality or whether it is an adaptive and effective decision-making strategy in conditions of uncertainty and information noise. The article contains a broad overview of research on the effect of asymmetric dominance among people and animals. The changes in the susceptibility to this effect across the lifespan are analysed. Finally, the paper discusses using the asymmetric dominance effect to achieve socially desirable goals as described in the theory of libertarian paternalism.
Xenotransplantation of Human Stem Cells into the Chicken Embryo

The chicken embryo is a classical animal model for studying normal embryonic and fetal development and for xenotransplantation experiments to study the behavior of cells in a standardized in vivo environment. The main advantages of the chicken embryo include low cost, high accessibility, ease of surgical manipulation and lack of a fully developed immune system. Xenotransplantation into chicken embryos can provide valuable information about cell proliferation, differentiation and behavior, the responses of cells to signals in defined embryonic tissue niches, and tumorigenic potential. Transplanting cells into chicken embryos can also be a step towards transplantation experiments in other animal models. Recently the chicken embryo has been used to evaluate the neurogenic potential of human stem and progenitor cells following implantation into neural anlage. In this video we document the entire procedure for transplanting human stem cells into the developing central nervous system of the chicken embryo. The procedure starts with incubation of fertilized eggs until embryos of the desired age have developed. The eggshell is then opened, and the embryo contrasted by injecting dye between the embryo and the yolk. Small lesions are made in the neural tube using microsurgery, creating a regenerative site for cell deposition that promotes subsequent integration into the host tissue. We demonstrate injections of human stem cells into such lesions made in the part of the neural tube that forms the hindbrain and the spinal cord, and into the lumen of the part of the neural tube that forms the brain. Systemic injections into extraembryonic veins and arteries are also demonstrated as an alternative way to deliver cells to vascularized tissues including the central nervous system. Finally we show how to remove the embryo from the egg after several days of further development and how to dissect the spinal cord free for subsequent physiological, histological or biochemical analyses.
Continuous Monitoring and Assessment of Cybersecurity Risks in Large Computing Infrastructures

The dynamic and increasingly stealthy techniques used by cyber criminals to target critical computing infrastructure of an organization requires appropriate response mechanism on the part of the organization. Government agencies and regulatory bodies are imposing the requirements of risk assessments on a continuous basis. One important aspect of continuous risk monitoring is using a suitable risk scoring algorithm, which could help determine a risk score more efficiently. The existing risk scoring mechanism involves subjective and human-based qualitative inputs that are both labour intensive, and result in ambiguous and inconclusive results. We propose a new metric for measuring risk based on objective parameters extracted from real-time traffic logs. The metric has been validated using malicious traffic data pertaining to seven most frequently occurring threats in a network environment. We demonstrate and discuss the suitability of the metric for continuous monitoring of risk bycomparing with a snapshot based risk monitoring mechanism.
There is much to be learnt about the costs of multiple sclerosis in Latin America

METHOD: A systematic review of the literature from 1990 to 2011 was conducted. Outcome measures included: mean cost of disease modifying therapies (DMTs), mean cost of treatment of relapses and mean cost of disease by stage stratification measured by the expanded disability status scale (EDSS). RESULTS: Seven studies from three countries (Brazil, Argentina and Colombia) were included. In 2004, in Argentina, the mean cost of DMT treatment was reported to be USD 35,000 per patient treated. In Brazil, the total MS expenditure of DMTs rose from USD 14,011,700 in 2006 to USD 122,575,000 in 2009. Patient costs ranged between USD 10,543 (EDSS 8-9.5) and USD 25,713 (EDSS 3-5.5). Indirect costs markedly increased for the EDSS 8-9.5 patients. CONCLUSION: Further research assessing the economic burden of MS in LA is warranted.
Effect of harvest date on barley grain contamination with Fusarium spp. and deoxynivalenol in northeastern Ontario

The effect of harvest date on the incidence of seed-borne Fusarium spp. and deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) was studied using three cultivars at three locations in Ontario in both 2004 and 2005. The profile of seed-borne Fusarium spp. was dominated by F. equiseti (Corda) Sacc., F. sporotrichioides Sherb. , and F. poae (Peck) Wollenw., isolated from 4.4%, 3.3%, and 1.6% of the kernels, representing 39.3%, 29.4%, and 14.2% of the Fusarium pathogen population, respectively. Fusarium graminearum Schwabe and F. avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc. were each recovered from &lt;1% of the kernels and represented 8.3% and 6.6% of the pathogen population, respectively. Other species, including F. acuminatum Ellis &amp; Everh., F. culmorum (W.G. Sm.) Sacc., and F. semitectum Berk. &amp; Rav., collectively occurred only on 0.2% of all kernels and represented &lt;2% of the population. The incidence level of all Fusarium spp. increased from 6.9 to 13.9% when harvest was delayed. Of the commonly recovered species, only F. avenaceum and F. sporotrichioides levels increased with the delayed harvest, while other species did not follow a clear pattern. DON concentration in the harvested grain ranged from 0.20 to 0.28 mg kg ‑1 with the five harvest dates, and was not statistically different. Significant differences in the incidence of all Fusarium spp. and in DON concentration were observed among cultivars, locations, and between the 2 yr of the study. The highest DON concentration observed in this study was 0.5 mg kg ‑1 , which is below the Canadian tolerance level of 1.0 mg kg ‑1 .
Salt matrix voltammetry: Microphase redox processes at ammonium chloride | gold | gas triple phase boundaries

Abstract Electrochemical processes at the electrode | ammonium chloride salt crystal | gas triple phase boundary are detected under the condition that (i) microscopic contact points of salt crystals to a suitable working electrode are formed and (ii) the relative humidity level is adjusted to allow sufficient surface ion conduction in a thin water film within the salt matrix. In this preliminary report, redox systems such as Fe(CN)63−/4−, hydroquinone/benzoquinone, decamethylferrocene+/0, ferrocenedimethanol+/0, and Cu2+/+/0 are investigated embedded into an ammonium chloride salt matrix (by mechanical grinding) and then brought into contact with a macroscopic gold disc electrode. Voltammetric current responses are demonstrated consistent with the processes in the microphase formed at the salt | electrode | gas triple phase boundary. Copper metal electro-deposition is observed. Direct electrochemistry of dioxygen from the gas phase at the salt crystal | gold electrode contact is observed and gas sensing applications are proposed.