SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Pyrolysis of derived residues of waste, providing improved gas for vehicle engines

Europe needs to import a half of the gas consumed, with the associated economic and geopolitical costs that it means. In the last years non-conventional gas sources have been developed. It is necessary to bet for new sources which are sustainable, as those based in biomass. The announcement made by the G7 Group at the Summit of June 2015 of phasing out fossil fuels by the end of the century is aligned with the European frameworks for 2020, 2030 and 2050. 
Also, waste management is an important issue, since around 485 kgs of waste are generated yearly per person in the EU, and Landfill and Waste Framework Directives have defined the reduction of landfilled waste. 
OSPRE Ltd is an SME from UK, composed of staff highly qualified in finance, chemistry and engineering. OSPRE is building a pilot plant in the UK based in a new EnergyFromWaste technology to transform municipal and commercial&industrial waste into a gas rich in methane (50-60%), which will be partly used for electricity generation. With this project OSPRE will complement the capabilities by developing Upgrade and Compression stages in order to generate Compressed Biomethane for vehicles engines. The technology, based in pyrolysis, processes 2.5 tonnes of waste per hour into 430 Nm3 of methane at a single 24 m2 module, (up to 4 times faster than Gasification and Anaerobic Digestion, which need thousands of m2). The Compressed Biomethane will be used as a fuel for the transport sector. Using waste as feedstock and generating gas at such a high rate make viable to propose Circular Economy business models, processing municipal waste of a given town and powering its public services vehicles with gas. 
OSPRE will commercialize this innovation. P-DRIVE will add a high value by allowing plants to be used for gas generation or mixed use, in addition to electricity. The payback period for a £2.4M investment is two years and after five years 12 plants will be running providing more than £86M of gross benefit.
Morphological and molecular variation in Ri-transformed root lines are stable in long term cultures of Tylophora indica

Agrobacterium rhizogenes (Ri) transformed root lines of Tylophora indica were established and characterized on the basis of morphology, insertion and expression of T-DNA genes, DNA profiling and tylophorine content in order to study the stability of Ri-transformed root lines in long term culture. Morphologically Ri-transformed root lines were of four phenotypes—moderately branched thin roots, moderately branched thick roots, highly branched thin roots and highly branched thick roots. On the basis of the presence and expression of different T-DNA genes, the Ri-transformed root lines could be divided into two groups—Group I (13 %): TL+/TR+ and Group II (87 %): TL+/TR−. The presence and expression of TR-DNA in addition to TL-DNA did not have any effect on the root morphology and tylophorine content. Tylophorine content varied from 1.01 ± 0.05 to 1.25 ± 0.02 mg gDW−1 in 15 Ri-transformed root lines studied. The transformed root lines stably retained their characteristic phenotype, growth rate, integration and expression of T-DNA genes and tylophorine accumulation potential in long term culture i.e., for 4 years. None of the root lines showed any difference in DNA fingerprinting profiles for each of the 11 OPA primers, showing genetic stability and clonal fidelity of the root lines and root clones in long term culture. Transformed root lines A420 and A426 showing high tylophorine content (1.24 ± 0.03 and 1.22 ± 0.05 mg gDW−1 respectively) even after 4 years of maintenance in vitro on phytohormone unsupplemented medium can be used for scale up studies. This work endorses the utility of T. indica transformed roots for the production of secondary metabolites in bioreactors.
Desenvolvimento da marca Selfibox.si

O objetivo do projeto é desenvolver a marca Selfibox e iniciar a produção de dispositivos e desenvolvimento de software.
Life and death of a virtual copepod in turbulence

Life is tough for planktonic copepods, constantly washed by turbulent flows. Yet, these millimetric crustaceans dominate the oceans in numbers. What have made them so successful? Copepod antennae are covered with hydrodynamic and chemical sensing hairs that allow copepods to detect preys, predators and mates, although they are blind. How do copepods process this sensing information? How do they extract a meaningful signal from turbulence noise? Today, we do not know.

C0PEP0D hypothesises that reinforcement learning tools can decipher how copepod process hydrodynamic and chemical sensing. Copepods face a problem similar to speech recognition or object detection, two common applications of reinforcement learning. However, copepods only have 1000 neurons, much less than in most artificial neural networks. To approach the simple brain of copepods, we will use Darwinian evolution together with reinforcement learning, with the goal of finding minimal neural networks able to learn.

If we are to build a learning virtual copepod, challenging problems are ahead: we need fast methods to simulate turbulence and animal-flow interactions, new models of hydrodynamic signalling at finite Reynolds number, innovative reinforcement learning algorithms that embrace evolution and experiments with real copepods in turbulence. With these theoretical, numerical and experimental tools, we will address three questions:

Q1: Mating. How do male copepods follow the pheromone trail left by females?

Q2: Finding. How do copepods use hydrodynamic signals to ‘see’?

Q3: Feeding. What are the best feeding strategies in turbulent flow?

C0PEP0D will decipher how copepods process sensing information, but not only that. Because evolution is explicitly considered, it will offer a new perspective on marine ecology and evolution that could inspire artificial sensors. The evolutionary approach of reinforcement learning also offers a promising tool to tackle complex problems in biology and engineering.
Design and implementation of infrared scene simulation system based on resistor array

In order to test infrared imaging system more conveniently, an universal infrared scene simulation system was implemented. An indigenous 128×128 pixels MOS resistor array chip was used for scene generation component of the system, while the FPGA was used for the high-speed driving circuitry of the resistor array chip. The IR radiance characteristic was computed with object parameters on PC using OpenGL in real-time. The scene data was transferred to FPGA control circuit via Ethernet. The control circuit refreshed MOS resistor array 200 times per second. The scene data was refreshed 50 times per second. A temperature-controlled system for resistor array chip was designed to guarantee the ultimate contrast of the scene. The whole system has the characteristic of briefness, low cost and high extendibility, so it is easy to be upgraded and can integrate with various infrared detection systems.
Coordination polymers: Opportunities and challenges for monitoring volatile organic compounds

Abstract Coordination polymers (CPs) are emerging as the next generation of macromolecules for many industrial and technological applications. The highly porous nature of these CPs offers the opportunity to exploit them as very effective adsorbents for gaseous molecules, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Release of VOCs into the environment is highly undesirable as they can be extremely harmful to general public health and environmental quality. Lately, a large volume of the scientific literature has pointed toward the potentially important role of CPs in the monitoring and analysis of VOCs, offering unprecedented detection limits. This review discusses the opportunities and challenges for the use of CP materials in such applications, describing their general working principles, analytical performance, advantages, and limitations. Recent progress in the application of CPs in the detection, monitoring, and analysis of VOCs is critically reviewed. The discussion is further extended to cover future applications and current research activities in this emerging analytical field.
Non-Gaussianity and gravitational waves from a quadratic and self-interacting curvaton

In this paper we consider how non-Gaussianity of the primordial density perturbation and the amplitude of gravitational waves from inflation can be used to determine parameters of the curvaton scenario for the origin of structure. We show that in the simplest quadratic model, where the curvaton evolves as a free scalar field, measurement of the bispectrum relative to the power spectrum, fNL, and the tensor-to-scalar ratio can determine both the expectation value of the curvaton field during inflation and its dimensionless decay rate relative to the curvaton mass. We show how these predictions are altered by the introduction of self-interactions, in models where higher-order corrections are determined by a characteristic mass scale and discuss how additional information about primordial non-Gaussianity and scale dependence may constrain curvaton interactions.
Conceptual analysis for timely social media-informed personalized recommendations

Integrating sensor networks and human social networks can provide rich data for many consumer applications. Conceptual analysis offers a way to reason about real-world concepts, which can assist in discovering hidden knowledge from the fused data. Knowledge discovered from such data can be used to provide mobile users with location-based, personalized and timely recommendations. Taking a multi-tier approach that separates concerns of data gathering, representation, aggregation and analysis, this paper presents a conceptual analysis framework that takes unified aggregated data as an input and generates semantically meaningful knowledge as an output. Preliminary experiments suggest that a fusion of sensor network and social media data improves the overall results compared to using either source of data alone.
LIGHT-GUIDING RADIATOR GRILL HAVING A PLATE-TYPE OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE

A light-guiding radiator grill having a plate-type optical waveguide (3) comprising at least one plate-type optical waveguide (3) with a quantity of spot light sources, a frame (4), a housing (5) and an outer cover (1), which covers at least 50% of the area of the mounting opening of the radiator grill and is transmissive to the light of the plate-type optical waveguide (3) arranged within the light-guiding radiator grill.
Is the Precariat a Class?

&lt;p&gt;Precariousness is a pervasive and increasing condition of life in both the developed and less developed regions of the world. Guy Standing has proposed a reconceptualisation of these trends from precarity as a condition to the precariat as a class distinct from the working class. This article presents a Marxist critique of this reconceptualisation on two principle grounds: first, that the material interests of people in the precariat and in the working class are not sufficiently opposed to each other for these to constitute two distinct classes; and second, that across the various segments of the precariat the optimal strategies for securing a livelihood are not sufficiently unified for the precariat as a whole to constitute a class.&lt;/p&gt;
Clinical and economic benefit of 32 years of antiretroviral treatment for people living with HIV in Spain: Has it been an efficient intervention?

Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV/AIDS was introduced in 1987, improvement in disease progression and reduction in mortality at a population level was not observed until 1996, with the combination of three or more drugs. The objective was to estimate the clinical and economic benefit of ART in Spain in the 32-year period between 1987 and 2018. A cost-benefit analysis was performed, using a second-order Monte Carlo simulation, from the societal (base case) and the National Health System (NHS) perspectives. New cases of HIV, AIDS and related deaths were obtained from the SINIVIH and UNAIDS registries, with population projections without ART using triple exponential smoothing. Expenditure on ART was obtained from the National AIDS Plan reports and market studies. The NHS invested 6185 million euros in 32 years. In that period, 323,651 AIDS-related deaths, 500,129 AIDS cases and 161,417 HIV cases were averted, with total savings of 41,997 million euros. The net benefit (net savings) is estimated at 35,812 million euros (societal) and 1032 million euros (NHS). For every euro invested in ART, a return on investment of € 6.79 and € 1.16 was obtained, respectively. The use of ART over 32 years prevented a large number of deaths and cases of AIDS and HIV, providing significant economic savings for the NHS. ART is an efficient intervention for the NHS. Aunque el el tratamiento antirretroviral (TAR) del VIH/sida se introdujo en 1987, la mejora en la progresión de la enfermedad y reducción de la mortalidad poblacional no se observó sino hasta 1996, con la combinación de tres o más fármacos. El objetivo fue estimar el beneficio clínico y económico del TAR en España en el periodo de 32 años, comprendido entre 1987 y 2018. Se realizó un análisis de coste-beneficio mediante la simulación de Monte Carlo de segundo orden, desde las perspectivas de la sociedad (caso base) y el Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS). Los nuevos casos de VIH, sida y muertes relacionadas se obtuvieron de los registros SINIVIH y ONUSIDA, con proyecciones poblacionales sin TAR mediante suavizamiento exponencial triple. El gasto en TAR se obtuvo de informes del Plan Nacional del SIDA y estudios de mercado. El SNS invirtió 6.185 millones de euros en 32 años. Durante este periodo se evitaron 323.651 muertes por sida, 500.129 casos de sida y 161.417 casos de VIH, con un ahorro total de 41.997 millones de euros. El beneficio neto (ahorros netos) se estima en 35.812 millones de euros (sociedad) y 1.032 millones de euros (SNS). Por cada euro invertido en TAR, se obtuvo un retorno de la inversión de 6,79 € y 1,16 €, respectivamente. La utilización de TAR durante 32 años ha evitado gran número de muertes y casos de sida y VIH, generando significativos ahorros económicos para el SNS. El TAR es una intervención eficiente para el SNS.
Microfluidic advanced manufacturing of ultrasound contrast agents

Tide Microfluidics is developing a patented technology capable of increasing the diagnostic capability of ultrasound. We have an advanced microfluidic manufacturing technique for producing ultrasound contrast agents (UCA) of controlled size to enable 20 times clearer images. Our uniform UCA’s are unique, as current UCA’s are composed of wide size distribution microbubbles, making them less effective. We aim to develop our technology into a bedside production device, which would lead to a reduction in diagnostic imaging costs, as ultrasound is cheaper than MRI or CT, and gives better images for faster and more accurate diagnoses. We would use Phase 1 funding to commercially and technically assess the feasibility of our device. We need to understand the users requirements and how best to fit into their workflow, as well as how to create a robust, reliable and user-friendly design. Economic viability will be studied, as pricing must be cost effective or market uptake will not occur. Finally, we will investigate the clinical validation needs and level of medical certification required for our bedside production device to be accepted in Europe, the USA and the rest of the world. This knowledge on feasibility, cost pricing and validation defined in Phase 1 would work as a roadmap for our development during a Phase 2 project. Thus, exploitation of SME instrument Phases 1 and 2 would secure the continuous development and validation of our device allowing for a rapid market entry, bringing a valuable tool to the end users and reducing healthcare costs. We aim to enter the ultrasound imaging market with our bedside device. Currently, more than 3 million ultrasound procedures using UCA‘s are carried out each year worldwide, with the European market alone worth $46 million. Ultimately, our vision is to become the world’s foremost supplier of UCA production devices delivering high definition contrast agents, enabling clearer diagnostic images for more effective patient care.
Revisitando 1989: uma análise da eleição de Collor com novos dados e modelos de regressão espacial

RESUMO Introdução: Embora seja central na história política brasileira, a eleição presidencial de 1989 foi objeto de poucos estudos sistemáticos quantitativos acerca de seus determinantes. Neste artigo, aplicamos diversos modelos que permitem testar de modo mais apropriado as principais teses presentes na literatura, a saber: 1) a de que a vitória de Collor de Mello se deveu aos votos dos “grotões” (localidades pequenas, pobres e rurais); 2) a de que o sistema partidário não estruturou a direção do voto; e 3) quando o sistema partidário o fez, foi por meio de máquinas partidárias locais. Materiais e Métodos: Elaboramos um banco de dados original com os resultados eleitorais de 1989 e informações político-partidárias, sociais e econômicas de todos os municípios brasileiros e aplicamos modelos de regressão espacial. Além disso, replicamos um estudo de caso sobre a distribuição dos votos nas Zonas Eleitorais da cidade de São Paulo. Resultados: Os resultados mostram evidências dúbias para as teses dominantes, pois, de um lado, não permitem caracterizar a base de Collor de Mello como assentada nas localidades mais vulneráveis, dados os efeitos encontrados em direções opostas entre as variáveis testadas, e, de outro, ressaltam a importância local dos partidos de esquerda na estruturação do voto, com pouco efeito das máquinas partidárias. Discussão: Substantivamente, os achados apontam que a disputa de 1989 é mais complexa e não “exótica”, em termos comparados, tal como a literatura costuma ressaltar. O eleitorado de localidades pobres e os pobres das cidades ricas não se mostraram cativos da direita ou de discursos populistas. Metodologicamente, ressaltamos a importância de serem consideradas as diferentes dimensões geográficas no estudo das eleições.
SECURITY ROOM FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FACILITIES

The invention relates to a security room (1) for information technology facilities, which exhibits fireproof side walls (2) comprising a sealing door (5), a floor and a ceiling (3). The aim of the invention is to provide a security room which is designed in a simple way and can be readily adapted to different spatial configurations, while exhibiting a good fireproofing capacity. For that purpose, the side walls (2), the floor (4) surrounded by said side walls, and the ceiling (3) are assembled in a modular manner from individual members (S, B, D, E) which are laid side-by-side and connected together by means of fireproofing materials.
Edge enhancement in multispectral satellite images by means of vector operators

Edge enhancement is an element of analysis to derive the spatial structure of satellite images. Two methods to extract edges from multispectral satellite images are presented. A multispectral image is modeled as a vector field with a number of dimensions equal to the number of bands in the image. In this model, a pixel is defined as a vector formed by a number of elements equal to the number of bands. Two vector operators are applied to such vector field. In our first method, we extend the definition of the gradient. In this extension, the vector difference of the window central pixel with neighboring pixels is obtained. A multispectral image is then generated where each pixel represents the maximum change in spectral response in the image in any direction. This image is named a multispectral gradient. The other method, considers the generalization of the Laplacian by means of an h-dimensional Fourier transform. This image is named a multispectral Laplacian. The vector operators perform a simultaneous extraction of edge-content in the spectral bands of a multispectral image. Our methods are parameter-free. Our methods work for a multispectral image of any number of bands. Two examples are discussed that involve multispectral satellite images at two scales. We compare our results with widely used edge enhancement procedures. The evaluation of results shows better performance of proposed methods when compared to widely used edge operators.
Conocimiento local de las variedades de yuca en Montes de María, Colombia: primer paso para la construcción de un programa de fitomejoramiento participativo

Considerando la importancia de la yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) como uno de los principales cultivos alimenticios del Caribe colombiano y el bajo nivel de adopción de las variedades mejoradas que se ha reportado en la región, el fitomejoramiento participativo (FP) se presenta como una estrategia para la obtención de variedades que satisfagan las necesidades de quienes producen yuca y al tiempo valoran los saberes locales, promoviendo la relación entre los procesos de fitomejoramiento y la gente. A través de un proceso de coinvestigación que contó con la participación de excombatientes de las FARC-EP en proceso de reincorporación a la vida civil, se documentaron los conocimientos sobre las variedades de yuca conservadas por 20 campesinos que habitan en los Montes de María. Como resultado, se describe cómo se realiza el manejo del cultivo, los usos y atributos asociados con 25 nombres comunes reportados. Se destaca la necesidad de recuperar el uso de un mayor número de variedades de yuca, ya que, si bien existe conocimiento sobre algunas de ellas, muchas ya no se cultivan. Estos resultados representan el insumo primario dirigido al desarrollo de nuevas variedades que respondan a las preferencias propias del campesinado; proceso que debe ser liderado y conducido por las comunidades mismas.
Trends in the Atmospheric Water Vapor Content From Ground-Based GPS: The Impact of the Elevation Cutoff Angle

We used 14 years of data from 12 GPS sites in Sweden and Finland to estimate trends in the atmospheric integrated water vapor (IWV) for 8 different elevation cutoff angles, from 5° to 40°, for the observations used in the analyses. These trends were compared to the corresponding trends obtained from radiosonde data at 7 nearby (<;120 km) sites. The results show a variation in the correlation of the trends between the two techniques for different elevation cutoff angles. The highest correlation coefficient of 0.88 is obtained for the 25^ solution, whereas the smallest root-mean-square (RMS) differences between the IWV estimates themselves are obtained mainly for elevation cutoff angles of 10° and 15°. The results show that elevation-angle-dependent systematic errors vary with time. Therefore the elevation cutoff angle giving the best agreement between radiosonde and GPS for individual IWV estimates is not necessarily the optimum when estimating linear trends. The correlation between the trends from the two completely independent techniques is strong evidence that the two techniques provide information on the IWV trends although the true individual values are too small to be uniquely detected. In addition, we found that the choice of mapping functions is not critical for the IWV trend estimation.