SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
CHARGED PARTICLE BEAM WRITING APPARATUS, CHARGED PARTICLE BEAM WRITING METHOD, AND A NON-TRANSITORY COMPUTER-READABLE STORAGE MEDIUM

Position shifts caused by charging phenomena can be corrected with high accuracy. A charged particle beam writing apparatus includes an exposure-amount distribution calculator calculating an exposure amount distribution of a charged particle beam using a pattern density distribution and a dose distribution, a fogging charged particle amount distribution calculator calculating a plurality of fogging charged particle amount distributions by convoluting each of a plurality of distribution functions for fogging charged particles with the exposure amount distribution, a charge-amount distribution calculator calculating a charge amount distribution due to direct charge using the pattern density distribution, the dose distribution, and the exposure amount distribution, and calculating a plurality of charge amount distributions due to fogging charge using the plurality of fogging charged particle amount distributions, a position shift amount calculator calculating a position shift amount of a writing position based on the charge amount distribution due to direct charge and the plurality of charge amount distributions due to fogging charge, a corrector correcting an exposure position using the position shift amount, and a writer exposing the corrected exposure position to a charged particle beam.
PREPARATION OF UNIFORM NANOPARTICLES OF ULTRA-HIGH PURITY METAL OXIDES, MIXED METAL OXIDES, METALS, AND METAL ALLOYS

In preferred embodiments, metal nanoparticles, mixed-metal (alloy) nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles and mixed-metal oxide nanoparticles are provided. According to embodiments, the nanoparticles may possess narrow size distributions and high purities. In certain preferred embodiments, methods of preparing metal nanoparticles, mixed-metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles and mixed-metal nanoparticles are provided. These methods may provide tight control of particle size, size distribution, and oxidation state. Other preferred embodiments relate to a precursor material that may be used to form nanoparticles. In addition, products prepared from such nanoparticles are disclosed.
Fat-Storing Multilocular Cells Expressing CCR5 Increase in the Thymus with Advancing Age: Potential Role for CCR5 Ligands on the Differentiation and Migration of Preadipocytes

Age-associated thymic involution is characterized by decreased thymopoiesis, adipocyte deposition and changes in the expression of various thymic microenvironmental factors. In this work, we characterized the distribution of fat-storing cells within the aging thymus. We found an increase of unilocular adipocytes, ERTR7(+) and CCR5(+ )fat-storing multilocular cells in the thymic septa and parenchymal regions, thus suggesting that mesenchymal cells could be immigrating and differentiating in the aging thymus. We verified that the expression of CCR5 and its ligands, CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5, were increased in the thymus with age. Hypothesizing that the increased expression of chemokines and the CCR5 receptor may play a role in adipocyte recruitment and/or differentiation within the aging thymus, we examined the potential role for CCR5 signaling on adipocyte physiology using 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cell line. Increased expression of the adipocyte differentiation markers, PPARgamma2 and aP2 in 3T3-L1 cells was observed under treatment with CCR5 ligands. Moreover, 3T3-L1 cells demonstrated an ability to migrate in vitro in response to CCR5 ligands. We believe that the increased presence of fat-storing cells expressing CCR5 within the aging thymus strongly suggests that these cells may be an active component of the thymic stromal cell compartment in the physiology of thymic aging. Moreover, we found that adipocyte differentiation appear to be influenced by the proinflammatory chemokines, CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5.
Mitochondrial methylation and its role in health and disease

Mitochondria and mitochondrial function have gained increased attention within a wide range of clinical and scientific specialities, but exactly how mitochondria impact the rest of the cell is less well understood. Not only are mitochondria implicated in a range of rare genetic disorders, but dysfunction of mitochondria or reduced bioenergetic capacity has been associated with common diseases including cancer, heart failure, neurodegeneration and diabetes mellitus, as well as natural ageing. It is becoming increasingly clear that mitochondrial dysfunction is not only a downstream event in these conditions, but plays an important role in disease progression and pathology.

S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is the dominant methyl group donor within our cells, required for a diverse set of post-translational modifications, nucleotide methylations or the synthesis of co-factors and metabolites. Mitochondria play an important part in SAM synthesis, and mitochondrial function has recently been shown to influence cellular methylation. Approximately 30% of the cellular SAM pool is located within mitochondria, advocating a central role for mitochondria in cellular methylation. The advancements in genome sequencing techniques, unprecedented depth of modern mass spectrometry analyses and our possibility to efficiently generate model systems, provides a rare opportunity to comprehensively study the role of both SAM and mitochondria in health and disease.

This project plan describes the genetic, molecular, metabolic and proteomic analysis of fruit fly and mouse models with mitochondrial dysfunction and disrupted intra-mitochondrial SAM levels to identify the mitochondrial methylome, its relevance towards other cellular functions and its impact on the epigenetic control of gene regulation. My extensive research on mitochondrial function, as well as working as a physician with patients suffering from inborn errors of metabolism gives me a unique perspective in this project.
Toward energy-efficient and trustworthy eHealth monitoring system

The rapid technological convergence between Internet of Things (IoT), Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) and cloud computing has made e-healthcare emerge as a promising application domain, which has significant potential to improve the quality of medical care. In particular, patient-centric health monitoring plays a vital role in e-healthcare service, involving a set of important operations ranging from medical data collection and aggregation, data transmission and segregation, to data analytics. This survey paper firstly presents an architectural framework to describe the entire monitoring life cycle and highlight the essential service components. More detailed discussions are then devoted to {\em data collection} at patient side, which we argue that it serves as fundamental basis in achieving robust, efficient, and secure health monitoring. Subsequently, a profound discussion of the security threats targeting eHealth monitoring systems is presented, and the major limitations of the existing solutions are analyzed and extensively discussed. Finally, a set of design challenges is identified in order to achieve high quality and secure patient-centric monitoring schemes, along with some potential solutions.
First-principle study of the transition-metal adatoms on B-doped vacancy-defected graphene

Abstract The energetic, electronic, and magnetic properties of transition metal (TM) atoms absorbed on modified graphene, including B-dopant, vacancy, and combination of these two, were theoretically investigated using the density functional theory (DFT) method. It was found that the adsorption of TM atoms (V, Mn, Fe and Ni) was significantly enhanced by the presence of vacancy sites. Furthermore, the introduction of B-dopant affected the adsorption process of TM atoms and the band structure of graphene. The results of partial electronic density of states (PDOS) indicated that the influence by B-dopant was due to the interaction between the 2p orbital of B atoms and 3d orbital of TM atoms. Interestingly, the strong hybridization contributed by B-2p and C-2p at vacancy sites enlarged the adsorption energies of TM-adatoms. It is expected that the results could provide useful information to explore application of graphene as spintronic and electronic devices.
DOWNHOLE COMMUNICATION

A downhole system (10) comprises a tool (16) suspended on a reelable support (18). The support (18) has an optical fibre and the tool communicates with a surface controller via the fibre. The tool (16) has a number of units (24, 16a, 16b, 16c), the unit (24) functioning as a router to transmit and receive signals to and from the other units (16a, 16b, 16c) and the surface controller via the optical fibre. Each of the units (24, 16a, 16b, 16c) is assigned a unique address which permits secure communication between each unit (24,16a, 16b, 16c) and the controller over the fibre.
Stigma, tensions, and apprehension

Purpose – This paper examines the experiences of engaging with academic writing of international doctoral students in the schools of humanities and education at a UK university. The purpose of this paper is to uncover the real accounts of international students whose cultural and language backgrounds are often marginalised and considered, not as facilitators, but as barriers to academic writing in the western context of universities. Design/methodology/approach – Developed broadly within an interpretive post-positivistic paradigm, the study utilised Harré and van Lagenhove, 1999 Positioning theory and Goffman’s theory of Stigma to interrogate accounts of 12 students from the two schools in a year-long project involving three focus group discussions, questionnaire responses and personal reflective summaries by the students. Findings – The paper highlights the notions of stigma associated with their foreign writing conventions and how students experience tensions and apprehensions about their ability as they painfully negotiate the new academic writing conventions of the institution. International students position themselves as vulnerable outsiders working within an ill-defined but highly valued language environment. Research limitations/implications – The research is limited to the extent that it utilises a very small number of students as its key source of evidence. However, the study was not aimed at providing generalisation as much as it sought to explore issues associated with the use of language by international studying in UK universities. Practical implications – The study has practical implications for the professionals in HE to develop clear guidelines about what constitutes good English and to provide greater support to international students who see themselves as vulnerable outsiders in an environment which marginalises their linguistic and cultural identities. Social implications – The study has implications for the social, cultural, and academic integration of international students in HE institutions. Originality/value – The paper signals a need for diverse writing frameworks which seek to promote rather than silence and marginalise potentially rich sources of knowledge and understanding in an increasingly globalising world.
AN AUTOMATED WASHING AND SANITIZING MECHANISM FOR A TOILET

The present invention relates to an automated toilet bowl cleaning mechanism. In one embodiment, the mechanism includes a toilet bowl having a toilet bowl side wall defining a toilet bowl interior and a toilet bowl rim attached to said toilet bowl side wall, a disinfectant conduit assembly positioned inside the toilet bowl interior, wherein the assembly includes a conduit and a plurality of outlet positioned equidistance apart over the conduit, a line tube coupled to the disinfectant conduit assembly, the line tube is for supplying disinfectant to the toilet bowl over the disinfectant conduit via the plurality of outlets and a cleaning blade attached to the disinfectant conduit assembly, the cleaning blade travels over the disinfectant conduit over the toilet bowl, where the cleaning blade and the supply of the disinfectant are synchronized such that the movement of the cleaning blade is proportional to the disinfectant depart from disinfectant conduit outlets.
Centrifugal separator with annular sealing means arranged around the rotor outlet for separated liquid

The invention relates to a centrifugal separator, in which centrifugal treatment is intended to take place at an overpressure, and has for its main object to guarantee wetting and cooling of annular sealing means (16) in connection with the starting of the centrifugal separator, the sealing means being arranged around the rotor outlet for separated liquid between the rotor and a stationary receiving device. The object is obtained according to the invention by having means (22) for supply of a small amount of liquid to an outlet chamber (15) of the rotor already before the separation chamber (6) of the rotor is filled up with liquid, the outlet chamber (15) being connected with the separation chamber (6) via an overflow outlet (14). The means (22) is arranged to supply liquid to the outlet chamber (15) via a connection, which is separated from the separation chamber and is extending through the stationary receiving device. By means of a stationary outlet member (17) provided with a special passage (20) the small amount of liquid supplied to the outlet chamber (15) can be circulated in contact with the annular sealing means (16) during the starting up of the centrifugal separator.
Learning Computer Architecture with Raspberry Pi®

Use your Raspberry Pi to get smart about computing fundamentals In the 1980s, the tech revolution was kickstarted by a flood of relatively inexpensive, highly programmable computers like the Commodore. Now, a second revolution in computing is beginning with the Raspberry Pi. Learning Computer Architecture with the Raspberry Pi is the premier guide to understanding the components of the most exciting tech product available. Thanks to this book, every Raspberry Pi owner can understand how the computer works and how to access all of its hardware and software capabilities. Now, students, hackers, and casual users alike can discover how computers work with Learning Computer Architecture with the Raspberry Pi. This book explains what each and every hardware component does, how they relate to one another, and how they correspond to the components of other computing systems. You'll also learn how programming works and how the operating system relates to the Raspberry Pi's physical components. Co-authored by Eben Upton, one of the creators of the Raspberry Pi, this is a companion volume to the Raspberry Pi User Guide An affordable solution for learning about computer system design considerations and experimenting with low-level programming Understandable descriptions of the functions of memory storage, Ethernet, cameras, processors, and more Gain knowledge of computer design and operation in general by exploring the basic structure of the Raspberry Pi The Raspberry Pi was created to bring forth a new generation of computer scientists, developers, and architects who understand the inner workings of the computers that have become essential to our daily lives. Learning Computer Architecture with the Raspberry Pi is your gateway to the world of computer system design.
Far scrape-off layer particle and heat fluxes in high density – High power scenarios

Abstract The far scrape-off layer transport is studied in ASDEX Upgrade H-mode discharges with high divertor neutral density N 0 , div , high power across the separatrix P sep and nitrogen seeding to control the divertor temperature. Such conditions are expected for ITER but usually not investigated in terms of turbulent SOL transport. At high N 0 , div and P sep the H-mode discharges enter a regime of high cross-field particle and power transport in the SOL which is accompanied by a significant change of the turbulence characteristic analogous to the transition from conductive to convective transport in L-mode. Parallel particle and power flux densities of several 10 23  m−2 s−1 and 10 MW m−2 have been detected about ∼40 to 45 mm outside the separatrix mapped to the outer mid-plane. The particle flux fall-off length reached up to 45 mm. This paper presents for the first time an empirical condition to enter the high transport regime in H-mode and the relation of this regime to changes in the filamentary transport.
A. J. Cook, D. H. Lawrence, and Revolutionary England: Discourses and Performances of Region and Nation in 1926

The mid-1920s marked the height in popularity of the literary travelogue as a mode of articulating post-First World War English identity. A nostalgia for rural living and the idea that socially coherent traditions could be ‘rediscovered’ in the byways of the English countryside prompted writers such as Henry Morton, author of In Search of England (1927), the most celebrated example of the genre, to leave London and extol places that were still ‘guarding the traditions of the race’ (Morton 1927: x). The origins of Morton’s book were in a series of dispatches to the Daily Express that began in April 1926 with a characteristic evocation of an ‘unknown dream village’ representing ‘the essence of England, the unit of our social development, the germ of all that we have become, something almost too English to be true’ (Morton 1926b: 15). That journey of visionary recovery was halted after only two further bulletins, however, a hiatus announced in the reduced edition of 4 May which carried the headline ‘MOMENTOUS GENERAL STRIKE BEGINS’. The conjunction of national celebration and national schism provides the focus for this chapter, which sets Morton’s work alongside the contemporary fiction and journalism of D. H. Lawrence and the oratory of Arthur Cook, General Secretary of the Miners’ Federation of Great Britain (MFGB) as they responded to the continuation of the industrial conflict of May in the coalfields of the East Midlands during the summer and autumn of 1926.KeywordsEnglish LiteraturePolitical GeographyGeneral StrikeEmergency PowerPolitical ContestThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Ethics and ageing

Population aging will raise formidable ethical challenges for the European Union in the coming decades. Declining fertility rates and increased longevity are gradually increasing the ‘dependency ratio’ – the ratio of persons aged over 65, to persons of working age. In 2010, the EU-wide dependency ratio stood at 26%; by 2050, it will rise to 50% (Eurostat projections). As the balance in numbers shifts from citizens who work to those who are retired, the question of how to sustain the key programmes of the welfare state becomes ever more pressing. How can EU public policymakers best maintain their commitment to social solidarity under conditions of population ageing?
This research project proposes a comprehensive analysis of the ethical challenge posed by population aging. It is based on the following guiding observation: while European Union policy-makers (especially in the European Commission) are conscious of the fact that the EU needs an overall strategic approach to this challenge, they do not have at their disposal scholarship that provides an ethical analysis of this challenge at the appropriate level of generality.
The project will be based in the Department of Philosophy of Law at Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF). It will be supervised by Professor Andrew Williams, one of the world’s leading political philosophers, under the auspices of the UPF research group, the “Philosophy of Law”. Additionally, the project will be developed in dialogue with one of the world’s leading social scientists on the welfare state and population aging, Professor Gøsta Esping-Andersen, who runs the “DEMOSOC” research group at UPF. The project will thus have an interdisciplinary character, moving back and forth between ethics and social science, and more specifically, between these two research groups at UPF, with the aim of producing comprehensive and grounded guidance on a key challenge facing the European Union.
The Implementation of Pressure Monitoring Data in Flooding Oil Field

A sound pressure displacing system is crucial to the effective development of low permeable oil reservoirs while water flooding parameters,flooding methods and the selection of integrated injection-production monitoring measures which could affects displacing system are closely correlated to multiple pressure monitoring data in the process of flooding exploration.In the development lasting as long as 20 some years,Wangyao district the earliest block in Ansai Oil Field to implement flooding exploration had gradually developed an empirical method with pressure monitoring data its main source while also combining updated info to determine adjustment measures which posed great significance in instructing development of Ansai Oil Field and lent experiences to similar reservoir explorations.
Structural XANES characterization of Ca0.99Sm0.01TiO3 perovskite and correlation with photoluminescence emission

Abstract In this work, CaTiO 3 :Sm (CT:Sm) were prepared by a soft chemical processing at different annealing temperatures starting with a disordered structure and reaching an ordered one, with the propose to understand the relationship between structural order–disorder and photoluminescence emission. The samples were characterized by titanium K-edge, Titanium L II and L III -edge XANES, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. XANES results clearly point the presence of local distortion in [TiO 6 ] octahedral clusters until the crystallization was completed. The interactions of the network clusters that form the CT:Sm structures provides favorable structural and electronic conditions for the appearance of PL phenomena.
Research of bone defects associated with shoulder stability

Objective To examine the impact of bone defects on shoulder stability,provide a theoretical basis for clinical studies.Methods The bone defect models of glenoid and humeral head were made respectively,and the amount of defect was increased gradually.First,anterior translation of humeral head before the dislocation of glenohumeral joint was measured from 60° of abduction and neutral position to the dislocation by increasing external rotation angle.Then,maintaining 60° of abduction of the glenohumeral joint,the axial stress was increased at 60° of external rotation and neutral position respectively until the dislocation of glenohumeral joint,and then the stress intensity of humeral head was measured before the dislocation.Results With the increase of glenoid and humeral head defects and external rotation angle,the stability of shoulder joint decreased,the anterior translation of humeral head increased.There was a significant difference among each group(P0.01).At 60° of abduction and neutral position of the glenohumeral joint,the stress intensity of humeral head increased with the amount of bone defect,increasing rapidly from 1.68 to 4.62 Mpa.There was a significant difference among each group(P0.01).At 60° of abduction and 60° of external rotation of the glenohumeral joint,the normal stress intensity of humeral head was 1.94 Mpa,increasing rapidly to 6.65 Mpa with increased bone defects.There was a significant difference among each group(P0.01).Contact pressure mechanical characteristics of shoulder joint showed that the amount of bone defect had tremendous influence on the stability of shoulder joint.Conclusion With the increase of glenoid and the humeral head defects,the stability of the shoulder joint decreased,and the anterior translocation and stress intensity of humeral head increased,resulting in the dislocation of glenohumeral joint in advance.