SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Precipitation and winter temperature predict long-term range-scale abundance changes in Western North American birds

Predicting biodiversity responses to climate change remains a difficult challenge, especially in climatically complex regions where precipitation is a limiting factor. Though statistical climatic envelope models are frequently used to project future scenarios for species distributions under climate change, these models are rarely tested using empirical data. We used long-term data on bird distributions and abundance covering five states in the western US and in the Canadian province of British Columbia to test the capacity of statistical models to predict temporal changes in bird populations over a 32-year period. Using boosted regression trees, we built presence-absence and abundance models that related the presence and abundance of 132 bird species to spatial variation in climatic conditions. Presence/absence models built using 1970-1974 data forecast the distributions of the majority of species in the later time period, 1998-2002 (mean AUC = 0.79 ± 0.01). Hindcast models performed equivalently (mean AUC = 0.82 ± 0.01). Correlations between observed and predicted abundances were also statistically significant for most species (forecast mean Spearman's ρ = 0.34 ± 0.02, hindcast = 0.39 ± 0.02). The most stringent test is to test predicted changes in geographic patterns through time. Observed changes in abundance patterns were significantly positively correlated with those predicted for 59% of species (mean Spearman's ρ = 0.28 ± 0.02, across all species). Three precipitation variables (for the wettest month, breeding season, and driest month) and minimum temperature of the coldest month were the most important predictors of bird distributions and abundances in this region, and hence of abundance changes through time. Our results suggest that models describing associations between climatic variables and abundance patterns can predict changes through time for some species, and that changes in precipitation and winter temperature appear to have already driven shifts in the geographic patterns of abundance of bird populations in western North America.
Systemic risk and the COVID challenge in the european banking sector

This paper studies the systemic risk contribution of a set of large publicly traded European banks. Over a sample covering the last twenty years and three different crises, we find that all banks in our sample significantly contribute to systemic risk. Moreover, larger banks and banks with a business model more exposed to trading and financial market volatility, contribute more. In the shorter sample characterized by the Covid-19 shock, sovereign default risks significantly affected the systemic risk contribution of all banks. However, the ECB announcement of the Pandemic Emergency Purchasing Programme restored calm in the European banking sector.
Chronotype, health and family: the role of biology, socio- and natural environment and their interaction

The widespread use of electronic devices, artificial light and rise of the 24-hour economy means that more individuals experience disruption of their chronotype, which is the natural circadian rhythm that regulates sleep and activity levels. The natural and medical sciences focus on the natural environment (e.g., light exposure), genetics, biology and health consequences, whereas the social sciences have largely explored the socio-environment (e.g., working regulations) and psychological and familial consequences of nonstandard work schedules. For the first time CHRONO bridges these disparate disciplines to ask: What is the role of biology, the natural and socio-environment and their interaction on predicting and understanding resilience to chronotype disruption and how does this in turn impact an individual’s health (sleep, cancer, obesity, digestive problems) and family (partnership, children) outcomes? I propose to: (1) develop a multifactor interdisciplinary theoretical model; (2) disrupt data collection by crowdsourcing a sociogenomic dataset with novel measures; (3) discover and validate with informed machine learning innovative measures of chronotype (molecular genetic, accelerometer, microbiome, patient-record, self-reported) and the natural and socio-environment; (4) ask fundamentally new substantive questions to determine how chronotype disruption influences health and family outcomes and, via Biology x Environment interaction (BxE), whether this is moderated by the natural or socio-environment; and, (5) develop new statistical models and methods to cope with contentious issues, answer longitudinal questions and engage in novel quasi-experiments (e.g., policy and life course changes) to transcend description to identify endogenous factors and causal mechanisms. Interdisciplinary in the truest sense, CHRONO will overturn long-held substantive findings of the causes and consequences of chronotype disruption.
Iridium catalyzed reductive cyclization cascades

The aim of this fellowship is to develop new reductive cyclization cascades of lactams and amides that establish these feedstock chemicals as important chemical precursors to reactive iminium ions which can be intercepted by pendant nucleophiles and exploited in carbon-carbon bond formation. A range of indole nucleophiles linked to amide and lactam functionality will be investigated for performance in the iridium catalyzed reductive cyclization cascades, and, based on successful proof of concept studies already performed in the Dixon group, a range of semi-saturated nitrogen-containing polycyclic structures possessing one or more stereocentres distributed over an architecturally complex framework should result. As well as studying diastereocontrol in the cascades, catalytic enantioselective variants will also be investigated. Finally, the application of the indole (spiro)cyclization reaction to the total synthesis of aspidospermidine will showcase the utility of the developed chemistry. This multidisciplinary Fellowship, based on high-quality and novel research at the University of Oxford, one of the top-research centres worldwide, will complement Dr Xie’s skills and knowledge to improve his career possibilities and at the same time, Dr Xie’s experience in creating catalytically active transition metal complexes will be critical for developing chiral versions of the iridium catalyst during the development of a catalytic asymmetric version of the reductive cyclization cascade.
Harvey Cushing and “birth hemorrhage”: early pediatric neurosurgery at The Johns Hopkins Hospital

Of Harvey Cushing's many contributions to neurosurgery, one of the least documented is his early surgical intervention in children and his pioneering efforts to establish pediatric neurosurgery as a subspecialty. Between 1896 and 1912 Cushing conducted nearly 200 operations in children at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. A review of his records suggests that the advances he made in neurosurgery were significantly influenced by his experience with children. In this historical article, the authors describe Cushing's treatment of 6 children, in all of whom Cushing established a diagnosis of “birth hemorrhage.” By reviewing Cushing's operative indications, techniques, and outcomes, the authors aim to understand the philosophy of his pediatric neurosurgical management and how this informed his development of neurosurgery as a new specialty.
Flare likelihood and region eruption forecasting

Space weather can have detrimental, and in some cases catastrophic, effects upon a multitude of technologies on which we depend as part our daily lives. Adverse space weather is now known to result from solar flares and coronal mass ejections released from the turbulent and highly complex magnetic fields of active regions. Understanding how active region magnetic fields evolve and produce these events is therefore of fundamental importance to developing accurate and reliable space-weather monitoring and forecasting capabilities.

We therefore propose to develop an advanced flare prediction system (Flare Likelihood And Region Eruption Forecasting; FLARECAST) that is based on automatically extracted physical properties of active regions coupled with state-of-the-art flare prediction methods and validated using the most appropriate forecast verification measures.

Active region properties, such as area, magnetic flux, shear, magnetic complexity, helicity and proxies for magnetic energy, will be extracted from solar magnetogram and white-light images in near-realtime using advanced image-processing techniques. Once active region properties have been extracted, they will be correlated with solar flare activity and used to optimize prediction algorithms based on statistical, unsupervised clustering and supervised learning methods. This will enable us to validate our image processing and flare prediction algorithms before launching a near-realtime flare forecasting service, the first of its kind in the world.

FLARECAST will therefore form the basis of the first quantitative, physically motivated and autonomous active region monitoring and flare forecasting system, which will be of use to space-weather researchers and forecasters in Europe and around the globe.
Barriers to accessing substance abuse treatment in Mexico: national comparative analysis by migration status

We examined Mexican migrants' perceived barriers to entering substance abuse treatment and potential differences by gender.This study analyzed a subset of household data collected in Mexico in 2011 via the Encuesta Nacional de Adicciones (National Survey of Addictions). A sample of 1,143 individuals who reported using illicit drugs was analyzed using multivariate negative binomial models to determine direct and moderated relationships of gender, migrant status, and drug dependence with perceived barriers to accessing treatment.Significant findings included disparities in drug dependence by migrant status. Compared with non-migrant men, women who have traveled to the United States was associated with fewer (1.3) barriers to access treatment. Fewer barriers to access care were associated with individuals residing in other regions of the country, compared to those living in Mexico City.Drug dependence, gender, migration status and regional location are factors associated with access to needed treatment. Implications for health care policy to develop treatment services infrastructure and for future research are discussed in the context of ongoing drug policy reform in Mexico.
Bone regeneration process driven to human periodontal ligament stem cells cultured onto corticocancellous scaffold

The aim of our research was to develop tissue-engineerized constructs composed by porcine cortico-cancellous scaffold (Osteobiol Dual Block) (DB) and xenofree ex vivo culture of human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells (hPDLSCs) induced to osteogenic differentiation. hPDLSCs placed in xeno-free media formulation mantained the stem cells features, the expression of stemness and pluripotency markers, and the capacity to differentiate in different mesenchymal cell lines (1). Micrographs performed by transmission electron microscopy suggested that after one week of culture, both uninduced and osteogenic induced cells joined and grew on DB secreting extracellular matrix, hierarchically assembled in fibrils in osteogenic differentiation induced samples (2). Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) of 92 osteogenesis-related assays of hPDLSCs seeded on the DB showed the upregulation of key genes involved in the osteogenic differentiation pathway such as RUNX2, collagens and SMAD. hPDLSCs induced to osteogenic differentiation in presence of DB expressed osteogenic- related transcripts such as BMP1-4-6, RUNX-2, collagens, MSX1-2, TGFβ3 and SMAD. Functional study revealed a significant increased response of calcium transients, in presence of the 3D-DB both in undifferentiated and differentiated cells stimulated with calcitonin and parathormone, suggesting that the biomaterial could drive the osteogenic differentiation process of hPDLSCs. These data were confirmed from the increase of gene expression of L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ (VDCCL), subunits α1C and α2D1 in undifferentiated cells in presence of DB. Our results propose to consider DB a biocompatible, osteoinductive and osteoconductive biomaterial making it promising tools to regulate cell activities in biological environments and for a potential use for the development of new custom made tissue-engineering.
The evolved apprentice: how evolution made humans unique

A new theory of the evolution of human cognition and human social life that emphasizes the role of information sharing across generations.Over the last three million years or so, our lineage has diverged sharply from those of our great ape relatives. Change has been rapid (in evolutionary terms) and pervasive. Morphology, life history, social life, sexual behavior, and foraging patterns have all shifted sharply away from those of the other great apes. In The Evolved Apprentice, Kim Sterelny argues that the divergence stems from the fact that humans gradually came to enrich the learning environment of the next generation. Humans came to cooperate in sharing information, and to cooperate ecologically and reproductively as well, and these changes initiated positive feedback loops that drove us further from other great apes. Sterelny develops a new theory of the evolution of human cognition and human social life that emphasizes the gradual evolution of information-sharing practices across generations and how these practices transformed human minds and social lives. Sterelny proposes that humans developed a new form of ecological interaction with their environment, cooperative foraging. The ability to cope with the immense variety of human ancestral environments and social forms, he argues, depended not just on adapted minds but also on adapted developmental environments.
Trauma, attempted suicide, and morning cortisol in a community sample of adolescents

Individuals exposed to trauma or who have attempted suicide may show abnormal cortisol profiles; those exposed to significant trauma show reduced, while those who attempt suicide show increased cortisol output, although the evidence is inconsistent. This study explores the associations between morning cortisol, trauma, and suicide attempts or ideation among young people. In a community-based sample of 501 15-year-olds, using data from a DSM-IV-compatible interview on suicidal-behavior/ideation, trauma, and morning cortisol, we found no association between these factors and morning cortisol. A significant gender interaction was found for those threatened with a weapon-men showing a negative and women a positive association, suggesting that any cortisol/trauma association may be partially explained by coexisting behavioral problems and gender.
Adaptive Real-time Monitoring with Sampling Automation - Port Coastal Areas

This project will bolster the protection of port marine waters by improving monitoring quality with the help of innovative protocols based on highly automated robotic systems and adaptive sampling methodologies. The ports will have more productive, repetitive and accurate water monitoring. They will use standard procedures based on scalable technological solutions in terms of cooperation between robotic systems, automatic systems and human operators. This method will make it possible to use said innovative technologies in compliance with the current legislation on robotic vehicles in marine waters. It will equip ports with effective emergency systems while minimising human operator risk. It will improve the performance of traditional methods with the support of robotic technologies and more effective sampling strategies. It will be validated in collaboration with the port authorities of Genoa and Toulon, European and world level centres of excellence for robotics and automation research in the marine-maritime sector. For the past twenty years, the CNR and IFREMER marine robotics laboratories have been cooperating on European research projects. They are part of the cross-border area along with major commercial ports. This allows for the development of innovative technologies and monitoring protocols. In addition to improving the ecological and environmental impact of ports on neighbouring cities and coasts, these innovations can pave the way for new services and products connected to local SMEs. The cross-border approach allows to propose technological, procedural-operative and regulatory solutions extensible at European level.
Gut oncomicrobiome signatures (goms) associated with cancer incidence, prognosis and prediction of treatment response.

Beyond the role the intestinal metagenome plays in regulating multiple physBeyond its role in regulating multiple physiological functions that impact health, the intestinal metagenome is implicated in cancer initiation, progression and responses to therapies, even for extraintestinal neoplasia. Hence, there is an urgent need to fully identify and functionally characterize minimalist commensal ecosystems relevant to cancer, with reliable and robust methods, to validate cancer-associated gut microbiome fingerprints of high clinical relevance, and to develop diagnosis tools that will become part of the oncological arsenal for the optimization and personalization of therapy. Based on retro-and pro-spective studies, with large discovery and validation cohorts enrolling >9,000 cancer patients across 10 countries, ancillary to ongoing innovative clinical trials or FDA/EMA approvals across 4 frequent cancer types, ONCOBIOME will pursue the following aims: 1/ identify and validate core or cancer-specific Gut OncoMicrobiome Signatures (GOMS) associated with cancer occurrence, prognosis, response to, or progression on, therapy (polychemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, dendritic cell vaccines) or adverse effects, 2/ decipher the functional relevance of these cancer-associated gut commensal ecosystems in the regulation of host metabolism, immunity and oncogenesis, 3/  integrate these GOMS with other oncology hallmarks (clinics, genomics, immunomics, metabolomics)  4/ design optimal companion tests, based on those integrated signatures to predict cancer occurrence and progression. With high carat interdisciplinary experts, ONCOBIOME expects to validate cancer or therapy-specific Gut OncoMicrobiome Signatures (GOMS) across breast, colorectal, melanoma and lung cancers adjusting for covariates, to unravel the mode of action of these GOMS in innovative platforms, thus lending support to the design of cancer preventive campaigns using well characterized pre-and pro-biotics.
Integration and propagation of immunological signals during cancer and infection

The immune system uses both short- and long-range communication mechanisms to mount the coordinated and sophisticated cellular responses required to control microbial infections or fight tumors. Yet, our understanding of how immunological signals are integrated and propagated by individual cells in complex tissue microenvironments remains largely limited.

ENLIGHTEN is a research program dedicated to establish new mechanisms by which the immune system fight tumors or infections, based on the direct manipulation of immunological signals in vivo. In relevant mouse models of human disease, we will combine intravital imaging, fluorescent sensors and optogenetic actuators to control single cell functions in real-time. We wish to understand how T cells sense and interpret cell-contacts in lymphoid organs and in developing tumors at steady state or during immunotherapy. In addition, we aim to establish how cytokine and chemokine gradients form in tissues and are interpreted by immune cells during infection or cancer.

By determining the functional contribution of single immune cells in vivo, we aim to identify new paradigms for information transfer in the immune system during cancer or infection and to establish the combination of optogenetics and intravital imaging as a powerful strategy for decoding immune reactions in the context of disease pathogenesis.
Educação em saúde para a prevenção de câncer do colo de útero decorrente do HPV

Objetivo: analisar o que a literatura descreve a respeito da forma de transmissão, prevenção e rastreamento do HPV; os métodos de prevenção de câncer de Cólon relacionado ao HPV; bem como as ações educativas a respeito do HPV voltadas a adolescentes. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. As pesquisas dos artigos foram feitas nas bases de dados SCIELO, BDENF, LILACS, MEDLINE, utilizando os descritores: Educação em saúde, Papilomavirus, Saúde do adolescente. Os critérios de inclusão estabelecidos na estratégia, foram de artigos originais, em português, disponível na íntegra e publicados entre 2016 a 2021. Resultados: Foram incluídos nesta revisão de literatura 12 artigos científicos. Com isso, emergiram-se três temas: Estratégia de prevenção relacionadas a transmissão de HPV; Detecção precoce do câncer do colo de útero; relação entre HPV e o câncer de colo de útero; esquema vacinal na prevenção primária contra o HPV. Conclusão: verifica-se que o câncer de colo de útero é um problema sério de saúde pública no Brasil, sendo também uma das principais causa de morte no mundo. É de fundamental importância o acompanhamento para detecção precoce, o que pode prevenir esta neoplasia. Descritores: Educação em saúde; Papilomavirus; Saúde do adolescente.
Engineering in vitro microenvironments for translation of cell-based therapies for tendon repair

Tendon Therapy Train is a research, training and innovation programme for human and equine tendon repair and regeneration that will exploit recent advancements in tissue engineering by self-assembly (TESA) technologies which have led to the clinical translation and commercialisation of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs).  Although TESA therapies have the potential to revolutionise healthcare for numerous clinical targets, a lack of researchers with the necessary interdisciplinary skillset to advance the field is limiting clinical translation.  Tendon therapy train, a network of 8 beneficiaries and 8 partners (7 universities, 7 companies and 2 hospitals) from six countries across Europe, will train a cohort of 15 researchers to doctoral level in the interdisciplinary area of ATMPs.  The innovative credentials of the research and training programme involve engineering suitable ex vivo culture environments that, by mimicking the native tendon tissue milieu (human and equine), will maintain the tenogenic phenotype  of tendon derived cells and differentiate non-tendon derived cells (stem cells and dermal fibroblasts) towards the tenogenic lineage, subsequently enabling development of three-dimensional cell-assembled tissue equivalents, the clinical potential of which will be assessed in suitable preclinical models.  The comprehensive Tendon Therapy Train programme will equip researchers with transferable inter- and multidisciplinary skills that will further European-based knowledge, innovation, competitiveness and leadership in the field of TESA / ATMP and ultimately enable clinical translation and commercialisation of the developed technologies.