SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Systematics of the genus Gnathostoma (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) in the Americas

To date, more than 20 species of the genus Gnathostoma have been described as parasites of mammals, 9 of them in the Americas. However, the taxonomic status of some of these species has been questioned. The main goal of this study is to clarify the validity of the American species included in the genus. In order to complete this objective, we analyze type and/or voucher specimens of all these species deposited in 6 scientific collections, through morphometric and ultrastructural studies. Based on diagnostic traits as host specificity, site of infection, body size, cuticular spines, presence of 1 or 2 bulges in the polar ends of eggs, as well as eggshell and caudal bursa morphology, we re-establish Gnathostoma socialis (Leidy, 1858) and confirm the validity of other 6 species: Gnathostoma turgidum Stossich, 1902, Gnathostoma americanum Travassos, 1925, Gnathostoma procyonis Chandler, 1942, Gnathostoma miyazakii Anderson, 1964, Gnathostoma binucleatum Almeyda-Artigas, 1991, and Gnathostoma lamothei Bertoni-Ruiz, Garcia-Prieto, Osorio-Sarabia and Leon-Regagnon, 2005. Gnathostoma didelphis Chandler, 1932 and Gnathostoma brasiliensis Ruiz, 1952 are considered synonyms of G. turgidum. Finally, based on a wide revision of specimens deposited in 6 American collections, we conclude that records of Gnathostoma spinigerum Owen, 1836 in the Americas are invalid.
Prosaposin and gpr37 in synucleinopathies

The next breakthrough in the treatment of synucleinopathies, incl Parkinson´s disease (PD), will be aimed at interference of disease progression based on insights into the underlying pathogenic process. The pathological hallmark of PD are Lewy bodies (LBs), in which α-synuclein is the major constituent together with other PD-linked gene products (DJ-1, LRRK2, parkin, and GBA) and aggregated GPR37. GPR37 is exceptional among GPCRs having a high propensity for intracellular receptor accumulation and aggregation leading to neurotoxicity. However, unexpectedly, our results suggest that GPR37 is neuroprotective in dopaminergic when located at the plasma membrane. Consistently, prosaposin (PSAP), and its neurotrophic fragment prosaptide, were recently identified as agonists at GPR37. PSAP is a neuroprotective protein that regulates intracellular lysosomal enzyme function, with saposin C being a co-factor of GBA. In addition, we hypothesize that PSAP is secreted following cellular stress and, via membraneous GPR37, cue dopamine neurons to initiate survival pathways. Pivotal to this programme is modeling and analysis of the atomic structures of GPR37 in complex with prosaptide, which will grossly facilitate mechanistic understanding and drug development with potential use in diagnosis and treatment. Novel applications and technological advancements of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy will be implemented for single molecule trafficking of GPR37 and its ligands and will examine whether GPCR multimerization beyond dimer formation may be neurotoxic. Normal and cGPR37KO mice will be virally transduced by α-synuclein to delineate in the relative contributions of improved lysosomal function versus GPR37 agonism for neuroprotection by prosaptides. Evolving from the autopsy studies that anti–GPR37 label LBs and that prosaposin is released upon cellular injury, we will develop GPR37 ligands as PET tracers for LBs in synucleinopathies.
Addressing the Problems Faced by Married International Students

Abstract In recent decade, there has been an increasing rate of international students all over the world, but little is known about the marital life of this population. The need to understand graduate students’ intentions to pursue an academic career has become more important over the years. While International students’ cross-cultural adjustment has received considerable attention in the sojourner literature, there is a paucity of research that addresses the unique challenges faced by the married international students. Therefore, this study attempts to examine the empirical findings of various studies that explore factors which contribute to problems of married international students, and have an integrated perspective on the problems that this population faces during their study. The results revealed that acculturation stress, financial stress and social support are the utmost problems that international couples experience. This study offers suggestions for universities to provide facilities that would decrease international students’ marital problems; also to prepare workshops to increase couples’ knowledge of different conflict resolution methods which would be helpful to avoid conflict during their study abroad. Keywords : marital relationship, international students, socio cultural adjustment, academic problem
Green Public Procurement and Sustainability Tools for Resource Efficiency Mainstreaming

CONTEXT European regions play a multiple role in the adoption of green public procurement (GPP) policies as they elaborate and adopt GPP plans, can mainstream GPP within all policy instruments that they manage, can purchase eco-innovative and resource efficient goods and services, playing thus also a significant role the promotion of more resource efficient economies. There are still large areas for improvement in the adoption of GPP in relation to EU funded programmes and other policy instruments, in the undertaking of the tool by beneficiaries and in the monitoring of GPP implementation, hence in the evaluation and mainstreaming of its benefits. GPP toolkits, common environmental criteria, training materials and help desks have been developed throughout Europe. Limited experience is yet available on how to include environmental criteria into financing instruments and in the implementation of development strategies. GPP-STREAM builds on the idea that interregional cooperation can help mainstreaming GPP policies within the administrations involved and ensure that resource efficiency measures are spread and benefits acknowledged.   GPP-STREAM AIMS The project aims to improve the management, implementation and monitoring of policy instruments that integrate GPP approaches so as to ensure that resource efficiency gains can be maximized and that resource efficiency objectives are institutionalized through GPP.  The project is coordinated by Region Friuli and is implemented in partnership with 8 Bulgarian, Spanish, French, Italian and Romanian bodies that have complementary environmental and GPP expertise.  RESULTS AND OUTCOMES 5 transnational learning events, at least 300 stakeholders involved, 13 GPP webinars, 4 GPP toolkits, 8 policy instruments from 5 EU countries will integrate GPP approaches, 40 EU policy instrument managing authorities apply GPP-STREAM toolkits
Prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with immunotherapy – development and validation of the CRAFITY score

Immunotherapy with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab represents the new standard of care in systemic front-line treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, biomarkers that predict treatment success and survival remain an unmet need.Patients with HCC put on PD-(L)1-based immunotherapy were included in a training set (n = 190; 6 European centers) and a validation set (n = 102; 8 European centers). We investigated the prognostic value of baseline variables on overall survival using a Cox model in the training set and developed the easily applicable CRAFITY (CRP and AFP in ImmunoTherapY) score. The score was validated in the independent, external cohort, and evaluated in a cohort of patients treated with sorafenib (n = 204).Baseline serum alpha-fetoprotein ≥100 ng/ml (hazard ratio [HR] 1.7; p = 0.007) and C-reactive protein ≥1 mg/dl (HR, 1.7; p = 0.007) were identified as independent prognostic factors in multivariable analysis and were used to develop the CRAFITY score. Patients who fulfilled no criterion (0 points; CRAFITY-low) had the longest median overall survival (27.6 (95% CI 19.5-35.8) months), followed by those fulfilling 1 criterion (1 point; CRAFITY-intermediate; 11.3 (95% CI 8.0-14.6) months), and patients meeting both criteria (2 points; CRAFITY-high; 6.4 (95% CI 4.8-8.1) months; p <0.001). Additionally, best radiological response (complete response/partial response/stable disease/progressive disease) was significantly better in patients with lower CRAFITY score (CRAFITY-low: 9%/20%/52%/20% vs. CRAFITY-intermediate: 3%/25%/36%/36% vs. CRAFITY-high: 2%/15%/22%/61%; p = 0.003). These results were confirmed in the independent validation set and in different subgroups, including Child-Pugh A and B, performance status 0 and ≥1, and first-line and later lines. In the sorafenib cohort, CRAFITY was associated with survival, but not radiological response.The CRAFITY score is associated with survival and radiological response in patients receiving PD-(L)1 immunotherapy. The score may help with patient counseling but requires prospective validation.The immunotherapy-based regimen of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab represents the new standard of care in systemic first-line therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Biomarkers to predict treatment outcome are an unmet need in patients undergoing immunotherapy for HCC. We developed and externally validated a score that predicts outcome in patients with HCC undergoing immunotherapy with immune checkpoint blockers.
Hourly simulations of the microwave brightness temperature of seasonal snow in Quebec, Canada, using a coupled snow evolution–emission model

Abstract To interpret the snowpack evolution, and in particular to estimate snow water equivalent (SWE), passive microwave remote sensing has proved to be a useful tool given its sensitivity to snow properties. However, the main uncertainties using existing SWE algorithms arise from snow metamorphism which evolves during the winter season, and changes the snow emissivity. To consider the evolution in snow emissivity a coupled snow evolution–emission model can be used to simulate the brightness temperature (T B ) of the snowpack. During a dedicated campaign in the winter season, from November to April, of 2007–2008 two surface-based radiometers operating at 19 GHz and 37 GHz continuously measured the passive microwave radiation emitted through a seasonal snowpack in southern Quebec (Canada). This paper aims at modeling and interpreting this time series of T B over the whole season, with an hourly step, using a coupled multi-layer snow evolution–emission model. The thermodynamic snow evolution model, referred as to Crocus, was driven by local meteorological measurements. Results from this model provided, in turn, the input variables to run the Microwave Emission Model of Layered Snowpacks (MEMLS) in order to predict T B at 19 GHz and 37 GHz for both vertical (V) and horizontal (H) polarizations. The accuracy of T B predicted by the Crocus–MEMLS coupled model was evaluated using continuous measurements from the surface-based radiometers. The weather conditions observed during the winter season were diverse, including several warm periods with melting snow and rain-on-snow events, producing very complex variations in the time series of T B . To aid our analysis, we identified days with melting snow versus days with dry snow. The Crocus–MEMLS coupled model was able to accurately predict melt events with a success rate of 86%. The residual error was due to an overestimation of the duration of several melt events simulated by Crocus. This problem was explained by 1) a limitation of percolation, and 2) a very long-acting melt of lower layers due to geothermal flux. When the snowpack was completely dry, the global trend of T B during the season was characterized by a decrease of T B due to growth in the snow grain size. During most of the season, Crocus–MEMLS correctly predicted the evolution of T B resulting from temperature gradient metamorphism; the root mean square errors ranged between 2.8 K for the 19 GHz vertical polarization (19V) and 6.9 K for the 37 GHz horizontal polarization (37H). However, during dry periods near the end of the season, the values of T B were strongly overestimated. This overestimation was mainly due to a limitation of the growth of large snow grains in the wet snowpack simulated by Crocus. This effect was confirmed by estimating snow grain sizes from the observed T B and the coupled model. The estimated snow grain sizes were larger and more realistic than those initially predicted by the Crocus model.
Energy flexible dynamic building certification

Current steady-state energy labels have several shortcomings, but the inherent inability to accurately reflect dynamic and changing conditions is the most impactful one. Steady-state labels result in high discrepancies with post occupancy behaviour - performance gap. This inaccuracy does not allow the building owner to make informed decisions on time, and restricts the potential of economical exploitation of the building. 
E-DYCE will combine innovative approaches with established and widely available tools to create a methodology capable of implementing scalable and adaptable dynamic energy performance certification (DEPC):
- Create a technology neutral methodology for dynamic labelling based on maximizing the free running potential of the building and promoting the use of passive and low cost solutions (e.g. ventilative cooling) instead of constant reliance on mechanical systems. 
- Communicate clear actions to the user, as well as their positive effects on the energy consumption to motivate and improve energy behavior. 
- Validate the methodology through implementing DEPC in 39 buildings across 5 locations in 4 countries for a total of 60,000m2 heated area.
- Generate energy savings of 1.8 GWh/year, from the first year and aiming to exceed 370GWh and 50million euros in savings by 2028, accounting only for the areas participating in the project.
- Strengthen collaboration between energy experts, authorities and building owners to share the benefits of reliable dynamic certification.
- Adapt to any level of building typology, climate, smartness and scale through dynamic simulation of performance utilizing resolutions from real time, to minutes, hours or days: from traditional buildings to smart-homes.
E-DYCE will be compatible to existing and emerging EPC methods, or can function as a stand-alone DEPC labelling process. The process will not require investment for the user, instead depending on sharing the savings for revenue streams.
CHARGE RECIRCULATION AIR INTAKE MAIN FORD (CRAIM)

Disclosed is a combustion air charging apparatus (1) for diesel engines comprises an inlet (2f) and an out let (2g); a cylindrical pipe (2c); plurality of pair of meshed discs (2a); insulating glasses (2b); nylon rubber(2d); and a hose pipe (2e) characterized in that the meshed discs being arranged so as to provide a gap between the each said disc and the each said pair wherein the each said disc being placed with alternative electrodes. Also provided is method for achieving maximum combustion into a diesel engine.
Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of synthetic saponin adjuvants and development of novel self-adjuvanting vaccines

The clinical success of anticancer and antiviral vaccines often requires the use of an adjuvant, a substance that helps stimulate the body’s immune response to the vaccine, making it work better. However, few adjuvants are sufficiently potent and non-toxic for clinical use; moreover, it is not really known how they work. Current vaccine approaches based on weak carbohydrate and glycopeptide antigens are not being particularly effective to induce the human immune system to mount an effective fight against cancer. Despite intensive research and several clinical trials, no such carbohydrate-based antitumor vaccine has yet been approved for public use. In this context, the proposed project has a double, ultimate goal based on applying chemistry to address the above clear gaps in the adjuvant-vaccine field. First, I will develop new improved adjuvants and novel chemical strategies towards more effective, self-adjuvanting synthetic vaccines. Second, I will probe deeply into the molecular mechanisms of the synthetic constructs by combining extensive immunological evaluations with molecular target identification and detailed conformational studies. Thus, the singularity of this multidisciplinary proposal stems from the integration of its main objectives and approaches connecting chemical synthesis and chemical/structural biology with cellular and molecular immunology. This ground-breaking project at the chemistry-biology frontier will allow me to establish my own independent research group and explore key unresolved mechanistic questions in the adjuvant/vaccine arena with extraordinary chemical precision. Therefore, with this transformative and timely research program I aim to (a) develop novel synthetic antitumor and antiviral vaccines with improved properties and efficacy for their prospective translation into the clinic and (b) gain new critical insights into the molecular basis and three-dimensional structure underlying the biological activity of these constructs.
Document visualization: an overview of current research

As the number of sources and quantity of document information explodes, efficient and intuitive visualization tools are desperately needed to assist users in understanding the contents and features of a document, while discovering hidden information. This overview introduces fundamental concepts of and designs for document visualization, a number of representative methods in the field, and challenges as well as promising directions of future development. The focus is on explaining the rationale and characteristics of representative document visualization methods for each category. A discussion of the limitations of our classification and a comparison of reviewed methods are presented at the end. This overview also aims to point out theoretical and practical challenges in document visualization. WIREs Comput Stat 2014, 6:19–36. doi: 10.1002/wics.1285



Conflict of interest: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article.



For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Effects of dietary supplementation of Chinese medicinal herbs on polymorphonuclear neutrophil immune activity and small intestinal morphology in weanling pigs

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary Chinese medicinal herbs (CMH) supplementation composed of Panax ginseng, Dioscoreaceae opposite, Atractylodes macrocephala, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Ziziphus jujube and Platycodon grandiflorum, on the performance, intestinal tract morphology and immune activity in weanling pigs. Two hundred and forty weaned pigs were assigned randomly to four dietary groups including the negative control (basal diet), 0.1% CMH, 0.3% CMH and 0.114% antibiotic (Chlortetracycline calcium Complex, Sulfathiazole and Procaine Penicillin G) supplementation groups for a 28-day feeding trial. Results indicated that both CMH supplementation groups had a better gain and feed/gain than control group (CT) during the first 2 weeks of the experimental period. The 0.3% CMH had a significant decrease in the diarrhoea score in first 10 days of experimental period when compared with other groups. The CMH supplementation groups had a higher villous height, increased lactobacilli counts in digesta of ileum and decreased coliform counts in colon compared with CT. The immune activities of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs), including the respiratory burst and Salmonella-killing ability, were significantly enhanced in CMH supplementation groups at day 7 of experiment period. The CMH and antibiotic supplementations increased the nutrient digestibility such as dietary dry matter, crude protein and gross energy in weanling pigs. In conclusion, the dietary CMH supplementation improved intestinal morphology and immune activities of PMNs, thus giving rise to nutrient digestibility and reduce diarrhoea frequency in weanling pigs.
Innovative processing plant for optimal production of decolourised hydrolysed protein (dhp). a secure, cost-effective and eco-friendly blood by-product solution.

Our overall objective is to bring to the market a new solution which will not only reduce the environmental impact of blood produced in slaughterhouses, but optimize the protein production process for animal and human feed purposes too, in a reliable and cost-effective way. 
According to the FAOSTAT (2016) website, approximately 1452 million pigs were processed worldwide for their meat in 2013. From these, 309 million pigs were processed only in Europe (mainly in Spain, France, and Germany). If we consider that 3 litres of blood can be collected from each pig, the annual available blood supply can exceed 927k tonnes of blood in Europe and 4.35 million tonnes worldwide. 
With current technologies available into the market, only around 7% of the protein content in blood can be recovered. From AZUARA we have identified the business opportunity behind this market weakness, and we have developed the HYDROBLOOD processing plant to solve it. With our innovative processing plant, the whole content of protein can be recovered from animal’s blood. Moreover, HYDROBLOOD will reduce significantly the environmental impact, since it does not need refrigeration nor heating installations, it generates almost no zoo-technical blood, and it reuses the total waste water generated. It will make a revolution within the meat sector, since the slaughterhouses will not only avoid the treatment of a high polluting waste (and its associated costs) but convert it into a high added value product that will suppose an increase by around 5% in their annual turnover.
HYDROBLOOD processing plant produces 200g per litre of blood of Decolourised Hydrolysed Protein (DHP), a high quality blood by-product with 95.85% of protein content and a high digestibility (99.54%), which will make a difference in the feed additives market, valued at 14,220 M€ in 2013, and estimated to reach 20,000 M€ by 2020 at a CAGR of 4.2% over the period 2013 to 2020.
Development of a model system to study the role of chromatin factors during transgenerational epigenetic inheritance (tei) in c. elegans

Non DNA-sequence based inheritance has been observed in many organisms from microbes to man and likely impacts public health. The mechanisms of non DNA-sequence based inheritance remain largely unknown. However, some examples of non DNA-sequence based inheritance in mammals, plants and invertebrates are linked to the control of selfish, transposable elements in the genome. Here we propose to discover the mechanistic basis of multi-generational non DNA-sequence based inheritance, also referred to as transgenerational epigenetic inheritance (TEI), using the laboratory animal model Caenorhabditis elegans. Specifically, our goal is to identify chromatin and non-coding RNA “epigenetic” marks that transfer information from generation to generation in C. elegans. C. elegans is a great model for this work as it has a generation time of only three days, has a powerful genetics toolkit and its chromatin and RNA pathways are largely conserved in humans. Towards this goal we have established a novel assay we named piRNA-related insertional chromatin immunoprecipitation (piChIP). Using this piChIP system, our specific aims are:
Aim-1: Identification of novel non-coding RNAs in the germline nuclear RNAi pathway
-  Method: RNA-seq
Aim-2: Identification of novel proteins and histone PTMs in the germline nuclear RNAi pathway
-  Method: SILAC proteomics and Mass Spectrometry