SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Quality aspects for component-based systems: A metrics based approach

In component-based development, software systems are built by assembling components already developed and prepared for integration. To estimate the quality of components, complexity, reusability, dependability, and maintainability are the key aspects. The quality of an individual component influences the quality of the overall system. Therefore, there is a strong need to select the best quality component, both from functional and nonfunctional aspects. The present paper produces a critical analysis of metrics for various quality aspects for components and component-based systems. These aspects include four main quality factors: complexity, dependency, reusability, and maintainability. A systematic study is applied to find as much literature as possible. A total of 49 papers were found suitable after a defined search criteria. The analysis provided in this paper has a different objective as we focused on efficiency and practical ability of the proposed approach in the selected papers. The various key attributes from these two are defined. Each paper is evaluated based on the various key parameters viz. metrics definition, implementation technique, validation, usability, data source, comparative analysis, practicability, and extendibility. The paper critically examines various quality aspects and their metrics for component-based systems. In some papers, authors have also compared the results with other techniques. For characteristics like complexity and dependency, most of the proposed metrics are analytical. Soft computing and evolutionary approaches are either not being used or much less explored so far for these aspects, which may be the future concern for the researchers. In addition, hybrid approaches like neuro-fuzzy, neuro-genetic, etc., may also be examined for evaluation of these aspects. However, to conclude that one particular technique is better than others may not be appropriate. It may be true for one characteristic by considering different set of inputs and dataset but may not be true for the same with different inputs. The intension in the proposed work is to give a score for each metric proposed by the researchers based on the selected parameters, but certainly not to criticize any research contribution by authors. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modification of a donor-acceptor photovoltaic polymer by integration of optoelectronic moieties into its side chains

Abstract In this study, a strategy to modify photovoltaic properties of a known material by integrating certain optoelectronic moieties in its side chains has been described. Thus, a plenty of single and dendritic carbazole units were introduced into the side chains of poly(2,7-(9,9-dialkyl-fluorene)- alt -5,5′-(4,7-di-2-thienyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)) (PFDTBT), a famous donor-acceptor alternative conjugated polymer, to see what and how they can change the latter optoelectronic properties. It was found that such modifications not only increase the polymer light-harvesting capabilities in the UV region, but also enhance hole mobility in the pure film state. Furthermore, complicated photophysical and photochemical processes, including energy transfer, electron transfer and site-isolation effect, were observed to take place between carbazole units and the PFDTBT conjugated backbone. These factors work comprehensively and finally improve the polymer photovoltaic properties when modified with single carbazole units, but deteriorate when modified with dendritic carbazole units.
Mass-Mobility-Size for light ions/clusters

Atmospheric new particle formation adds large spatial and temporal variations to the number size distributions of atmospheric aerosol particles, which brings great complexity in evaluating their health and climatic impacts. It is therefore crucial to understand the formation of atmospheric new particles from gas phase and their subsequent growth at a fundamental level. This solution however is obscured by the over-simplified theory in describing the free-molecular mass-mobility-size relationship. The MaSMob-Lion project is proposed to refine the theoretical basis of the mass-mobility-size relationship to improve its accuracy and reliability in describing the initial particle formation from gas phase.  In MaSMob-Lion, the ER will focus on the carrier gas polarizability and conformation effects of <10 nm particles. These effects on mass-mobility relation will be probed experimentally with isomeric monomers and multimers in different carrier gases using the tandem mass-mobility setup and their linkage to particle size will be rationalised through the effective diameter approach with correction terms. Especially, the ER attempts to extend the parameterisations down to the sub-1 nm range for a consistent mass-mobility-size system capable of describing the gas-to-particle phase transition and the subsequent growth. These new knowledges will be used in formulating an easily implementable simple model to assist a quick conversion between mass, mobility and size.  Aerosol particles can be measured by their mass and mobility. But in addition, sub-3 nm particles can also be studied via a growth-based method in a supersaturated condensable vapour. The ER will also conduct alternative and complementary mass-mobility study through supersaturation. While aiming to obtain a holistic picture on the mass-mobility-size relationship that can be used to compare different measurement techniques, these additional data will also be used in model validation and refinement.
DETERMINING THE DEPTH AND ORIENTATION OF A FEATURE IN A WELLBORE

The invention relates to a device for determining the depth and orientation of a feature in a wellbore, and to a corresponding method. It also relates to a downhole apparatus for performing an operation in a well comprising a device for determining the depth and orientation of a feature in a wellbore and a device for performing the operation. In an embodiment, a downhole device (42) for determining the depth and orientation of a feature (24, 26, 28) in a wellbore (12) containing a ferrous tubing (14) is disclosed, the device comprising: at least one magnetic field sensor (44) for monitoring the inherent magnetic field of the ferrous tubing so that the presence of the feature can be detected; and at least one orientation sensor (48) for determining the orientation of the device within the wellbore. An output from the at least one magnetic field sensor is correlated with an output from the at least one orientation sensor so that the orientation of the feature detected by the at least one magnetic field sensor within the wellbore can be determined.
PROSTHETIC LINER AND METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME

A method for making a prosthetic liner (100) includes the steps of providing a textile sleeve (102), applying an uncured silicone material onto an inner surface of the textile sleeve (102) and impregnating interstices of a high-density knit structure of the textile sleeve (102). The silicone material is a fast-cure silicone material arranged to cure faster than conventional silicone material. The silicone material is preferably limited to the inner surface of the textile sleeve (102), whereas the outer surface is devoid of the silicone material. The silicone defines an inner layer (101) forming the interior surface of the liner (100), and the outer surface of the textile sleeve (102) forms the exterior surface of the liner (100). A thickness of the liner (100) from the interior surface of the liner (100) to the inner surface of the textile layer (102) consists of the silicone of the inner layer (101).
Effects of varying mandibular protrusion and degrees of vertical opening on upper airway dimensions in apneic dentate subjects

Despite numerous studies investigating the dimensional and therapeutic effects of mandibular advancement splints (MASs), data regarding the effects of differently designed individual and non-adjustable MASs on the upper airway in fully dentate apneic subjects in the sagittal plane including comparison of these effects with a placebo device are sparse. The present study aimed to determine the dimensional changes in the sagittal plane created by differently designed MASs in the upper airway in fully dentate apneic subjects and to compare these changes with the effects of a placebo device.Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 9 dentate apneic subjects with 5 differently designed MASs and without a MAS were obtained. We measured the area of the entire pharynx (velopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx) on these MR images and compared the dimensional changes.The dimensional changes triggered by two specific MASs (75% of the maximum mandibular protrusion with 5 mm vertical opening, and 75% of the maximum mandibular protrusion with 10 mm of vertical opening) in the entire pharynx in the sagittal plane were statistically significant compared to the other MASs (p < 0.05). The MAS effecting 75% of the maximum mandibular protrusion and 10 mm of vertical opening created a significant dimensional increase only in the velopharyngeal area among the three pharyngeal sites (p ≤ 0.003).While the degree of mandibular protrusion created by the MAS affects the dimensions of the upper airway, the degree of the vertical opening exerts no significant dimensional effect in the sagittal plane in fully dentate apneic patients. The mandibular protrusion effect is comparatively larger in the velopharyngeal region.
Acyldepsipeptide Antibiotics Induce the Formation of a Structured Axial Channel in ClpP: A Model for the ClpX/ClpA-Bound State of ClpP

In ClpXP and ClpAP complexes, ClpA and ClpX use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to unfold proteins and translocate them into the self-compartmentalized ClpP protease. ClpP requires the ATPases to degrade folded or unfolded substrates, but binding of acyldepsipeptide antibiotics (ADEPs) to ClpP bypasses this requirement with unfolded proteins. We present the crystal structure of Escherichia coli ClpP bound to ADEP1 and report the structural changes underlying ClpP activation. ADEP1 binds in the hydrophobic groove that serves as the primary docking site for ClpP ATPases. Binding of ADEP1 locks the N-terminal loops of ClpP in a β-hairpin conformation, generating a stable pore through which extended polypeptides can be threaded. This structure serves as a model for ClpP in the holoenzyme ClpAP and ClpXP complexes and provides critical information to further develop this class of antibiotics. ► ADEP1 binding locks the N-terminal loops of ClpP in a β-hairpin conformation ► The N-terminal loops then create a structured 20 Å diameter axial pore ► ADEP1-induced structural changes allow proteins to enter ClpP degradation chamber ► ADEP1 binding mimics the interaction of the Clp ATPase IGF/L loops with ClpP
Novel strategies for cell-based neural reconstruction

Neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries affect large patient groups and carry large unmet clinical needs. NSC-Reconstruct will respond to these needs by developing innovative therapies based on cell replacement, cell reprogramming and circuit reconstruction that have the potential to transform how we treat a wide range of neurological diseases and disorders.
In this area of clinical science European research has generated groundbreaking knowledge that has resulted in a pioneering human embryonic stem cell-derived product that is now entering clinical trials for Parkinson’s Disease (PD). In NSC-Reconstruct we will move beyond the replacement of a single neuronal type towards future cell therapies with enhanced authenticity, functions and compositions.
NSC-Reconstruct will address PD as an example of disorder for which single neuron replacement has been developed. Our focus in PD will be on incorporating improved cell types and on local network reconstruction. We will also work on repairing long distance networks such as those affected in Huntington’s disease and finally in restoring the complex networks and projections of the cerebral cortex to achieve effective repair in conditions known to affect this structure, such as trauma or stroke.
NSC-Reconstruct will lead to (i) the generation of neuronal types with clinically relevant functionality starting from human pluripotent stem cells or through in situ reprogramming, (ii) the optimization of donor cell composition through grafting of functional modules comprising distinct cell types capable of forming appropriate connections, (iii) the restoration of function through the reconstruction of these damaged connections and finally (iv) a greater understanding of the immunogenicity of grafted cells and how this can be minimized.
Ultimately, NSC-Reconstruct will provide unique knowledge and products that will pave the way for future CNS cell replacement therapies using functionally enhanced and immune-tolerant cells.
Common Mediterranean Development Programme

Project in brief_x000D_
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The Mediterranean Sea Basin has always been a common space characterized by intense exchanges of people, culture, goods and values among its countries. Nowadays, the contribution of typical products such as wine, salt, olive oil, textile and crafts to the economy of rural areas is progressively decreasing due to several problems including population decline, abandonment of agricultural activities and loss of competiveness of small agro-food and crafts businesses. The current economic and social crisis is stressing the need for coordinated actions which have the potential to improve opportunities for small agricultural industries and local products businesses. Through the integration of local SMEs into a common touristic trail, CoMeD Pro project will seek to generate higher flows of visitors interested in quality agricultural and crafts products enabling at the same time a more stable demand. Additionally CoMeD Pro will assist small entrepreneurs to develop their management and marketing skills as well as to enhance the overall quality of their goods._x000D_
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Specific objectives_x000D_
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• To foster the competitiveness of traditional craftsand local product businesses on both shores by integrating them in a transnational touristic trail with common quality standards_x000D_
• To stimulate the transition of traditional crafts and local products sector towards the fulfilment of higher quality standardsopportunities and cross-border scientific, business and cultural interaction.
Do more competitive banks have less market power? The evidence from Central and Eastern Europe

Abstract Studies that have explored the competitive behaviour of banks frequently arrive at divergent conclusions because they use different measures of competition. This study first discusses these various measures of competition and their divergence from a theoretical perspective and then employs them to measure the competitiveness of Central and Eastern European banks and to investigate whether more competitive banks really have less market power. We find that these banks increase their market power when there is low banking concentration and do not necessarily become less competitive. Moreover, a more concentrated banking market does not enhance the market power of banks and does not make them less competitive, and more competitive banks do not necessarily have less market power. This latter outcome ensues because revenue and production reactions to cost evolution are either positively related – or completely unrelated – to the competitive behaviour of banks.
MYSEA “MYSEA - Mediterranean Youth, NEETs and women advancing Skills, Employment and Awareness in the blue and green economy”

Given demographic changes, skill mismatches, rigid regulations, gender gaps and persistence of certain socio-cultural norms, the Euro-Mediterranean region faces high unemployment rates of youth, mainly NEETs, and women are underrepresented in the labour market. The growing proliferation of sustainable and eco-responsible innovations in the agri-food and waste management sectors requires new occupational profiles. To achieve this goal, MYSEA aims, from one side, to identify existing and emerging skills and professional needs through oriented training, coaching and mentoring, and from the other side, to involve Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions and enterprises encouraging sector-skills alliances through apprenticeship, traineeship and on-the-job training. The project will result in opportunities for young women and NEETs to apply the soft and hard skills learned during the training period and offer a platform to exchange experiences and implement national employment schemes in favour of youth employment.
APPARATUS FOR THE OPTICAL TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL DATA

The invention relates to an apparatus for the optical transmission of digital data having a signal source (1) which is designed to output optical signals at a level which is modulated on the basis of the digital data to be transmitted. The invention provides a fluorescing optical fibre (3) which is arranged such that the optical signals from the signal source (1) are received via a peripheral area which is entered by fluorescing optical fibres (3) which are converted therein into a fluorescent light signal by means of fluorescence, said fluorescent light signal being routed to a fibre end (5) via the optical fibre (3).
The Colonization of Iceland in Light of Isotope Analyses

Abstract A review of the mounting archaeological evidence for the colonization of Iceland suggests that the whole country was occupied within a couple of decades towards the end of the 9th century AD. Analyses of strontium in human bones show, however, that immigrants continued to arrive in Iceland throughout the 10th century. Here we discuss this apparent contradiction, suggesting that while continued immigration may have been needed to sustain the population, these patterns arise also from biases within the burial data. We argue that formal burial, of the kind that allows isotopic analyses, reflects growing affluence and the emergence of an indigenous gentry that sought to legitimate its power through association with the perceived homeland and its upper class.
Neutronic and thermohydraulic characteristics of a new breeding thorium–uranium mixed SCWR fuel assembly

Abstract The exploitation of thorium fuel is a promising way to overcome the pressing problems of nuclear fuel supply, nuclear waste and nuclear proliferation. In this paper, a novel conceptual design of a breeding thorium–uranium (Th–U) mixed fuel assembly in SCWR is proposed, which is aimed to achieve the breeding ratio bigger than 1.0, so as to fulfill the sustainable breeding thorium–uranium cycle. Through the calculations of neutronics and neutronic/thermohydraulic (N–T) coupling, the results indicate that the introduced conceptual design of a breeding Th–U mixed fuel assembly in SCWR satisfies design rules of SCWR, with considerable advantages with respect to breeding performance, lower minor actinide generation and reactor safety.
MODERN DENTISTRY IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The project concerns support for working capital of a company in the event of a decline in turnover (sales revenue) caused by the negative effects of the COVID-19 outbreak.
Extra-Legal Power and Legitimacy

When an economic collapse, natural disaster, epidemic outbreak, terrorist attack, or internal crisis puts a country in dire need, governments must rise to the occasion to protect their citizens, sometimes employing the full scope of their powers. How do political systems that limit government control under normal circumstances allow for the discretionary and potentially unlimited power that such emergencies sometimes seem to require? Constitutional systems aim to regulate government behavior through stable and predictable laws, but when their citizens' freedom, security, and stability are threatened by exigencies, often the government must take extraordinary action regardless of whether it has the legal authority to do so. This book examines the costs and benefits associated with different ways that governments have wielded extra-legal powers in times of emergency. It surveys distinct models of emergency governments and draw diverse and conflicting approaches by joining influential thinkers into conversation with one another. Chapters illustrate the earliest frameworks of prerogative, analyze American perspectives on executive discretion and extraordinary power, and explore the implications and importance of deliberating over the limitations and proportionality of prerogative power in contemporary liberal democracy.
Feature extraction for gas photoacoustic spectroscopy and content inverse based on overcomplete ICA bases

Abstract In near-infrared band, macro representations of rovibrational-transition absorptions of some low molecule mass gases are “spiky” transient lines. The pressure broadening at ambient temperature and pressure make lineshape profiles at adjacent wavelength produce mutual projection or superposition, and it makes the “spiky” absorption features just be hidden in observable spectra. A blind source separation (BSS) model can extract features which hide within sampled spectra data, if a mixed gas phase photoacoustic signal is regarded as the weighted sum of feature absorptions by the spacing between adjacent feature wavelengths. A BSS model based on overcomplete ICA basis is proposed, and a weight truncation equation for transforming ICA bases based on the five-point sampling method is created so that a FastICA algorithm based on a negentropy approximation can be used to extract feature components. The resulting validity test using data from a real-time experiment of gas detection showed that the method detection limit can be improved from 16 ppb to 10 ppb with improved accuracy and signal-to-noise ratio.
Los nuevos grupos y sus viejas prácticas en la Argentina reciente (2003–2014): Entre ámbitos privilegiados de acumulación, especulación y monopolios

El presente artículo analiza cómo una serie de grupos de capitales argentinos —que a fines de la década del 90 estaban por fuera de las cien empresas de mayores ventas— lograron importantes crecimientos de facturación a partir del año 2003. Esto resulta llamativo, teniendo en cuenta que el contexto general estuvo signado, durante buena parte del mismo, por la extranjerización de varios de los grupos de mayor tamaño. Más allá de la alta atención recibida por parte de la prensa, en especial por la vinculación de parte de estos grupos con el gobierno de turno, desde el ámbito académico no existen trabajos que analicen su crecimiento en forma exhaustiva. El objetivo de este artículo es dar cuenta de este fenómeno, identificando y analizando los vectores de crecimiento de los nuevos grupos.