SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Severe accident modeling and safety assessment for fluid-fuel energy reactors

The Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) is considered a game-changer in the field of nuclear energy and a strong asset in the combat against climate change. The expanding R&D programmes in China, EU, Russia, and the USA, lead to a vibrant atmosphere with many bright students entering the scene and new start-up companies eager to commercialize this technology.

The MSR typically consists of a reactor core with a liquid fuel salt, and an integrated treatment unit to clean and control the fuel salt composition. Due to the liquid fuel, the MSR excels on safety and can operate as a breeder with thorium or uranium, or as a burner of spent fuel actinides.

However, to make these promises reality, R&D is needed to demonstrate the inherent safety of the reactor, the feasibility of the fuel cycle facilities, and the path towards licensing and deployment. This will take time during which the safety requirements will become more stringent.

This proposal aims to develop and demonstrate new safety barriers and a more controlled behaviour in severe accidents, based on new simulation models and assessment tools validated with experiments.

Our proposal cover the modelling, analysis, and design improvements on:
• Prevention and control of reactivity induced accidents
• Redistribution of the fuel salt via natural circulation and draining by gravity
• Freezing and re-melting of the fuel salt during draining
• Temperature control of the salt via decay heat transfer to the environment
• Thermo-chemical control of the salt to enhance the radionuclide retention
• Nuclide extraction processes, such as helium bubbling, fluorination, and others
• Redistribution of the source term in the fuel treatment unit
• Assessment and reduction of radionuclide mobility
• Barriers against severe accidents, such as fail-safe freeze plugs, emergency drain tanks, and gas hold-up tanks

The grand objective is to ensure that the MSR can comply with all expected safety requirements in a few decades from now.
Detection of metallo betalactamases among gram negative bacterial isolates from Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano and Almadina Hospital Kaduna, Nigeria

Over the last few years, the increase in the number of multi-resistant (MR) enterobacteria has become a major clinical problem. This study detects the occurrence and prevalence of Metallo betalactamase production among some clinical bacterial isolates in Murtala Muhammad SpecialistHospital, Kano and Al-Madina Specialist Hospital Kaduna, Nigeria. A total of 200 clinical isolates comprising of E. coli (83), Klebsiella pneumoniae (52), Pseusomonas aeruginosa (28) and Proteus mirabilis (37) were screened phenotypically for carbapenemase and specifically for Metallo betalactamase using Modified Hodges Test and EDTA Disc Synergy Test respectively. The result showed that 67(33.5%) of the isolates were found to produce carbapenemase. High production occurred in 24(35.8%) and low production occurred in 43(64.2%) of the isolates. Highest prevalence of carbapenemase was found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (38.55%) followed by E. coli (34.8%), Proteus mirabilis. (29.1%) and least prevalence in Klebsiella pneumoniae (25.0%). The prevalence of MBLs in the study was 24.5% with highest prevalence in E. coli (31.32%) followed by Proteus mirabilis. (21.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21.2%) and least among Klebsiella pneumoniae. (14.3%). Most of carbapenemase producers produce MBL type. Urine samples were found to be with the highest prevalence of 38.3% when compared with ear swab (12.0%). Prevalence of 67.9% and 76.9% were recorded for Murtala Muhammad specialist hospital Kano and Al-madina hospital Kaduna respectively. This showed that carbapenemase-mediated resistance occurred in the selected hospitals and uncontrolled spread may lead to treatment failure and frustration.Keywords: Metallobetalactamase, Carbapenemase, Enterobacteriaceae, prevalence, Hospital
PIPERLDINUM COMPOUNDS FOR TREATMENT OF OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES ( COPD)

The invention provides compounds of formula (I), wherein R<SUP>1</SUP>, R<SUP>2</SUP>, R<SUP>3</SUP>, R<SUP>4</SUP>, R<SUP>5</SUP>, R<SUP>6</SUP>, g, h and X are as defined in the specification, a process for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, a process for preparing pharmaceutical compositions, their use in therapy and intermediates of use in their preparation.
Smart powder and products

Plant biomass represents a quasi-unlimited reservoir of functional elements, which are buried within large macrostructure assemblies. Extreme comminution of plant materials is a way to reveal emergent functionalities that can be exploited in highly technical applications such as smart materials designed by additive manufacturing. This dramatic size reduction induces physical and chemical changes whose interconnections have not yet been investigated. The concept of the SMART POP project is to exploit them to prepare powders with enhanced functionalities and flowabilities. By stirring these powders into a polymeric matrix, the final aim is to design, using 4D-printing, environmentally friendly materials that can react to environmental stimuli. By using direct and reverse engineering approaches, the SMART POP project will explore two functionalities that the biomass powder could provide to the materials from grafted-molecules : a fluorescent response to an environmental stimulus and the control of the degradation of the matrix thanks to delayed acid hydrolysis reactions. These functionalities will be studied in close interaction with the different processing steps and related to flowability of the powder. The originality of the SMART POP project relies on a strong interdisciplinary (chemistry, physics, engineering, etc.). Its achievement will be possible thanks to the broad scientific background of Dr Claire Mayer-Laigle and the facilities & skills developed by the host team in SCION Institute (NZ) since more than 10 years. During the outgoing phase, the host team will train Dr Claire Mayer-Laigle to numerous additive manufacturing technologies and conjoint innovative developments are expected. The return phase in the beneficiary institute (INRA) will be devoted to the transfer of the acquired skills, the dissemination of the results, the creation of a strong network and the setting up of ambitious project to carry this thematic at the European level.
Molecular characterization of novel pyridoxal-5′-phosphate-dependent enzymes from the human microbiome

Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate or PLP, the active form of vitamin B6, is a highly versatile cofactor that participates in a large number of mechanistically diverse enzymatic reactions in basic metabolism. PLP-dependent enzymes account for ∼1.5% of most prokaryotic genomes and are estimated to be involved in ∼4% of all catalytic reactions, making this an important class of enzymes. Here, we structurally and functionally characterize three novel PLP-dependent enzymes from bacteria in the human microbiome: two are from Eubacterium rectale, a dominant, nonpathogenic, fecal, Gram-positive bacteria, and the third is from Porphyromonas gingivalis, which plays a major role in human periodontal disease. All adopt the Type I PLP-dependent enzyme fold and structure-guided biochemical analysis enabled functional assignments as tryptophan, aromatic, and probable phosphoserine aminotransferases.
Energy Savings in Urban Quarters through Rehabilitation and New Ways of Energy Supply


Integrated energy concepts which increase the energetic and economic efficiency of rehabilitation projects, and which are embedded in integrated urban development concepts, are hardly applied in Central Europe. Integrated approaches for an energy efficient urban development are an essential part for an effective energy-efficiency policy at local and regional level.

Integrated approaches for an energy efficient urban development are an essential part for an effective energy-efficiency policy at local and regional level. EnSURE sets up joint strategies for energy saving and energy efficiency urban development at district level. The aim of EnSURE is to develop transnational strategies to support the implementation of the EU goals for energy efficiency at local level.

Effective energy use in urban areas requires coherent investments and economical management of energy resources. Municipal authorities have an important role to play in the promotion of energy efficiency and renewable energies: in urban planning, municipal regulations and public procurement; by setting an example of and encouraging sustainable construction practices; by working with citizens. These activities should always be carried out in the context of a long term, integrated redevelopment plan for the affected area. 
The emphasis should be creating the basis for new economic activity or improving the overall environmental quality of the area. An urban energy efficiency development policy considering these issues also contributes to long-term competitive and sustainable settlement and urban structures. Improving energy efficiency in urban areas brings benefits for citizens and businesses by reducing both, costs and the emission of greenhouse gases.
New mass bound on fermionic dark matter from a combined analysis of classical dSphs

Dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) are the most compact dark matter-dominated objects observed so far. The Pauli exclusion principle limits the number of fermionic dark matter particles that can compose a dSph halo. This results in a well-known lower bound on their particle mass. So far, such bounds were obtained from the analysis of individual dSphs. In this paper, we model dark matter halo density profiles via the semi-analytical approach and analyse the data from eight `classical' dSphs assuming the same mass of dark matter fermion in each object. First, we find out that modelling of Carina dSph results in a much worse fitting quality compared to the other seven objects. From the combined analysis of the kinematic data of the remaining seven `classical' dSphs, we obtain a new $2\sigma$ lower bound of $m\gtrsim 190$ eV on the dark matter fermion mass. In addition, by combining a sub-sample of four dSphs -- Draco, Fornax, Leo I and Sculptor -- we conclude that 220 eV fermionic dark matter appears to be preferred over the standard CDM at about 2$\sigma$ level. However, this result becomes insignificant if all seven objects are included in the analysis. Future improvement of the obtained bound requires more detailed data, both from `classical' and ultra-faint dSphs.
Tracing the evolution of radiation-MHD simulations of solar and stellar atmospheres in the Lagrangian frame

Context: Radiation-MHD simulations have become a standard tool to investigate the physics of solar and stellar atmospheres. Aims: The aim of this paper to present a method that allows efficient and accurate analysis of flows in such simulations in the Lagrangian frame. Methods: This paper presents a method that allows the construction of pathlines given a seed point that can be chosen freely at any location and at any time during the simulation where the simulation state is stored. The method is based on passive tracer particles. Through injection of particles in expanding regions the occurrence of particle-free volumes is avoided, even in the case of strongly compressive flows. Results:The method was implemented in the solar and stellar atmosphere simulation code Bifrost. It is efficient and accurate. As examples I present an analysis of a gas parcel in the convection zone and a particle in the solar transition region.}
Stressfully transmitted diseases: how your partner’s past stress affects your current and future health

Early-life stress can reduce the lifespan of individuals and recent work shows that this lifespan reduction can be transmitted to reproductive partners. However, the mechanisms that allow early-life stress to damage the health of individuals that did not experience early-life stress themselves have been little studied. 

The overall aim of this proposal is to examine how the negative effects of early-life stress on longevity are transmitted to social partners, with focus on the neuroendocrine hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The research objectives are:  1) To determine whether partners become hormonally and behaviourally similar to early-life stressed individuals; 2) To determine whether early-life stressed individuals adversely affect the health of their reproductive partners by ineffectively buffering their partners against stress; 3) To examine whether being paired to a partner that has experienced early life stress influences immune function, oxidative stress, and telomere loss.

The experienced researcher will be trained by the host in adopting a life history approach to early-life stress and parental care and learn new skills in several areas of physiology and molecular biology to carry out these objectives. She will be trained to combine studies at different biological levels ranging from the molecular to the individual. This training will enhance the experienced researcher’s knowledge in different biological domains and greatly enhance her chances of starting her own independent research group in the EU.
DEVELOPMENT OF PATENTED INNOVATIVE CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM CALLED SPEEDYBUILD

REWALLUTION? A START-UP BORN TO DEVELOP THE SPEEDYBUILD CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM AND COMMERCIALLY EXPLOIT THE INTERNATIONAL PATENT, THE RESULT OF PRIVATE RESEARCH, THAT CHARACTERISES THIS INNOVATIVE CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY. THE PATENT? FOCUSED ON THE PARTICULAR ASSEMBLY SOLUTION OF MODULES, SIMILAR TO BRICKS, THROUGH STEEL CONNECTING ELEMENTS, LEAVING WIDE FREEDOM? ON DIMENSIONS, GEOMETRY AND MATERIALS THAT CAN BE USED. IN THE CONTEXT OF PREVIOUS PROJECTS? THE PROTOTYPING OF THE BASIC ELEMENTS (WALLS, FLOORS AND ROOFS) HAS BEEN COMPLETED AND IT IS NOW NECESSARY TO DESIGN AND ENGINEER SOME COMPLEMENTARY ELEMENTS TO COMPLETE THE SOLUTION AND TO BE ABLE TO START MARKETING FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF ENTIRE BUILDINGS FOR CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL USE. WHY IS THAT? DOES THE PROJECT INCLUDE EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENT WITH TWO PROTOTYPE UNITS? COMPLETE HOUSING, ONE IN WOOD AND ONE IN RECYCLED PLASTIC, ON WHICH TO CARRY OUT TECHNICAL, STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL TESTS
Some designs and codes from $L_2(q)$

‎For $q in {7,8,9,11,13,16}$‎, ‎we consider the primitive actions of $L_2(q)$ and use Key-Moori Method 1 as described in [Codes‎, ‎designs and graphs from the Janko groups {$J_1$} and‎ ‎{$J_2$}‎, J‎. ‎Combin‎. ‎Math‎. ‎Combin‎. ‎Comput.‎, ‎40 (2002) 143-159.‎, ‎Correction to‎: ‎``Codes‎, ‎designs and graphs from the Janko groups‎ ‎{$J_1$} and {$J_2$}'' [J‎. ‎Combin‎. ‎Math‎. ‎Combin‎. ‎Comput‎., 40 (2002) 143-159]‎, J‎. ‎Combin‎. ‎Math‎. ‎Combin‎. ‎Comput.‎, 64} (2008) 153.] to construct designs from the orbits of the point stabilisers and from any union of these orbits‎. ‎We also use Key-Moori Method 2‎ ‎(see Information security‎, ‎coding theory and related combinatorics‎, ‎NATO Sci‎. ‎Peace Secur‎. ‎Ser‎. ‎D Inf‎. ‎Commun‎. ‎Secur.‎, ‎IOS Amsterdam‎, 29 (2011) 202-230.) to determine the designs from the maximal subgroups and the conjugacy classes of elements of these groups‎. ‎The incidence matrices of these designs are then used to generate associated binary codes‎. ‎The full automorphisms of these designs and codes are also determined‎.
Study on the determination and chiral inversion of R-salbutamol in human plasma and urine by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

The chiral inversion has been a concerned issue during the research and development of a chiral drug. In this study, a sensitive chiral liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for determination of salbutamol enantiomers in human plasma and urine. The chiral inversion mechanism of R-salbutamol was fully investigated for the first time by studying the effects of physicochemical factors, including pH, temperature and time. A fitted model to predict the chiral inversion ratio of R-salbutamol was proposed using a Box-Behnken design. All the samples were separated on an Astec Chirobiotic T column and detected by a tandem mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Lower limit of quantification of 0.100ng/mL was achieved under the optimized conditions. The method was fully validated and successfully applied to the clinical pharmacokinetic study of R-salbutamol in healthy volunteers. Chiral inversion of R-salbutamol to S-salbutamol has been detected in urine samples. The results indicated that pH and temperature were two dominant factors that caused the chiral inversion of R-salbutamol, which should be taken into consideration during the analysis of chiral drugs. The chiral inversion of R-salbutamol determined in this study was confirmed resulted from the gastric acid in stomach rather than caused by the analysis conditions. Moreover, the calculated results of the fitted model matched very well with the enantioselective pharmacokinetic study of R-salbutamol, and the individual difference of the chiral inversion ratio of R-salbutamol was related to the individual gastric environment. On the basis of the results, this study provides important and concrete information not only for the chiral analysis but also for the metabolism research of chiral drugs.
Factors Controlling Benthic Biogeochemistry in Urbanized Coastal Systems: an Example from Venice (Italy)

Benthic biogeochemical processes and their interactions are affected by multiple factors including organic matter load, season, and hydrology. We analyzed benthic biogeochemistry in two canals in the urban area of Venice (Italy), to assess the effects of contrasting tidal conditions on organic matter processing in the heavily modified lagoonal ecosystem. We measured sediment oxygen demand, bacterial sulfate reduction, denitrification, dissimilative nitrate reduction to ammonia, dissolved inorganic carbon, and inorganic nutrient fluxes across the sediment-water interface under different seasonal (late winter and summer) and tidal (spring and neap tide) conditions. Sediments were highly organic and strongly reduced. Organic matter mineralization was mainly driven by bacterial sulfate reduction, whereas denitrification was limited by both nitrate availability and competition with dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium. While the elevated benthic metabolism can be largely explained by organic enrichment, contrasting tidal conditions can be a significant driver of intra-seasonal variability of benthic biogeochemistry. Under neap tide, dissolved inorganic carbon production increased up to threefold, sulfides attained up to 6.4 mM in porewater, denitrification became inefficient, and the ratio of nitrogen recycling to dissipation increased by ~70 % compared to spring tide. Additionally, increased efflux of inorganic nitrogen from sediments fed back to promote further eutrophication. We infer that human modifications to reduce fortnightly tidal flushing can impact benthic processes, impairing sediment functioning and water quality.
Renewable and non-renewable energy status in Iran: Art of know-how and technology-gaps

Abstract This paper reviews the present energy status in Islamic Republic of Iran with an emphasis on utilization of environmentally friendly energy resources. The paper reveals the huge energy losses due to technological gaps and absence of relevant art of know-how in conventional energy industries. It also includes some critical issues effecting the efficient operation of Renewable Energy Converting Systems (RECS) having specific site and climate dependency. The environmentally friendly scaled energy balance presented in this paper is self explaining for energy policy makers to achieve a suitable scenario based on various positions of scale pointer which may alter depending on implementation level of advanced technologies and relevant art of know-how. The paper, besides being informative in achieving optimal energy prospects in Iran, also provides useful quid lines to energy planners not only at home but also in other Asian/Middle Eastern countries having similar alternative energy scenarios.
The eunuchs of assyria: social castration as imperial strategy in the world’s first empire

The study of Assyria, the world’s earliest empire, has sought to define and reconstruct the material and immaterial structures of imperial power. Research to date has focused primarily on the roles and agency of the king, the most visible actor in the extant sources, though recent work on queenship has initiated an important reconsideration of traditional gender assumptions regarding the exercise and materialization of power in the ancient Near East. This project takes the next step in recognizing Assyria, like later empires, as a collaborative enterprise, one whose success was based in the active and deliberate contributions of diverse groups and individuals including but not limited to the king. It uses the ša-rēši, a class of men defined as eunuchs, as its chief case study to directly challenge traditional assumptions of the relationships between gender, sexuality, and power structures in Assyria. The project will focus on four major objectives: delineating the identity positions of the eunuchs and their historical situation and development; defining the specific material and visual means by which the eunuchs negotiated their status and agency; critically assessing traditional assumptions on the relationships of gender, sexuality, and power, and the ongoing influence on these of Orientalism; and illuminating the actual roles, functioning, and agency of eunuchs in Assyria. The project is strongly multidisciplinary, involving close analysis of newly accessible textual, artefactual, and image corpora through the application of advanced approaches and methodologies drawn from disciplines including art history and material culture studies as well as archaeology and philology. Results will redefine our understanding of the world’s earliest imperial system, Assyria, and serve as a model for reconsidering the roles of perceived marginal groups as important actors in other imperial systems.