SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
PILOT OPERATED WATER VALVE.

A solenoid operated pilot valve utilizes an offset pilot opening and a lever arm to provide a mechanical advantage to multiply the opening force of the solenoid, thereby allowing the solenoid size to be reduced. The lever arm used to position the pilot valving member is mechanically positioned via a solenoid driven plunger in one embodiment, and is positioned by magnetic force alone in an alternative, plungerless embodiment. The lever arm pivots via a fixed fulcrum point, a profiled fulcrum providing continuously variable mechanical advantage, or a stepped fulcrum providing discreet different mechanical advantages as the pilot valving member is moved from its fully closed to its fully opened position.
O PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE ALIMENTAÇÃO ESCOLAR NA MICRORREGIÃO DE PASSO FUNDO/RS

El Programa Nacional de Alimentación Escolar (PNAE) en Brasil establece (Ley nº 11.947 / 2009) que al menos el 30% de los recursos transferidos por la Unión para las comidas escolares deben utilizarse para la compra de alimentos directamente de la agricultura familiar. Este estudio analizó la gestión de los recursos de PNAE en los municipios de la Microrregión de Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. La investigación fue mixta, con recopilación y análisis de datos secundarios (2011 a 2017) y entrevistas con informantes clave. La región enfrenta desafíos en la operación del PNAE, pero cumple con la ley brasileña, empleando más del 30% del monto transferido por la Unión para comidas escolares directamente de la agricultura familiar. El PNAE está promoviendo la agricultura familiar y la alimentación saludable para los estudiantes.
Three types of banded structures in highly birefringent poly(trimethylene terephthalate) spherulites

Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT), a highly birefringent aromatic polyester, has been utilized to understand the mechanisms of crystal assembly into diversified types of banded spherulites. PTT exhibits three main types of banded spherulites (i.e., concentric, single-spiral, and double-spiral) co-existing in sample films melt-crystallized at 165 °C, regardless of sample thickness. The three types differ in their banding structures, interference color distributions, and nuclei geometries (S-shape, Z-shape, or dot-shape). Core diameter, band spacing ratio, and height difference (Δz) around the core are the three key parameters of different banding patterns in PTT spherulites. Formation mechanism for three types of banded spherulites has been interpreted, and found to be highly correlated with the initial geometry shapes of their nuclei. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1207–1216
Kinetic modelling of molecular hydrogen transport in microporous carbon materials

The proposal of kinetic molecular sieving of hydrogen isotopes is explored by employing statistical rate theory methods to describe the kinetics of molecular hydrogen transport in model microporous carbon structures. A Lennard-Jones atom-atom interaction potential is utilized for the description of the interactions between H(2)/D(2) and the carbon framework, while the requisite partition functions describing the thermal flux of molecules through the transition state are calculated quantum mechanically in view of the low temperatures involved in the proposed kinetic molecular sieving application. Predicted kinetic isotope effects for initial passage from the gas phase into the first pore mouth are consistent with expectations from previous modeling studies, namely, that at sufficiently low temperatures and for sufficiently narrow pore mouths D(2) transport is dramatically favored over H(2). However, in contrast to expectations from previous modeling, the absence of any potential barrier along the minimum energy pathway from the gas phase into the first pore mouth yields a negative temperature dependence in the predicted absolute rate coefficients-implying a negative activation energy. In pursuit of the effective activation barrier, we find that the minimum potential in the cavity is significantly higher than in the pore mouth for nanotube-shaped models, throwing into question the common assumption that passage through the pore mouths should be the rate-determining step. Our results suggest a new mechanism that, depending on the size and shape of the cavity, the thermal activation barrier may lie in the cavity rather than at the pore mouth. As a consequence, design strategies for achieving quantum-mediated kinetic molecular sieving of H(2)/D(2) in a microporous membrane will need, at the very least, to take careful account of cavity shape and size in addition to pore-mouth size in order to ensure that the selective step, namely passage through the pore mouth, is also the rate determining step.
Isabel Ramos Vázquez, La formación del derecho obrero en el Reino Unido, Francia y España antes de la primera guerra mundial

La fonction principale du droit comparé consiste à mettre à la lumière les convergences, aussi bien que les divergences, entre des systèmes nationaux de droit.En mettant l'accent sur les convergences, le comparatiste se trouve souvent au service d'une harmonisation des droits nationaux, qui prend les points communs des systèmes juridiques concernés pour établir des règles communes soit à l'échelle universelle, telles les normes de l'Organisation Internationale du Travail, soit au niveau régional comme le droit du travail de l'Union Européenne.En mettant le doigt sur les divergences entre les régimes nationaux que le comparatiste analyse, celui-ci est contraint d'expliquer en quoi consistent les spécificités d'un ordre juridique et de quels facteurs elles résultent.Dans les deux hypothèses, l'analyse de l'évolution des droits nationaux en question, à savoir une histoire comparée du droit, est d'une grande utilité pour le droit comparé : en effet, elle peut contribuer à expliquer pourquoi des droits nationaux différents développent des points communs ou se séparent, sous certains aspects, les uns des autres.L'histoire comparée du droit du travail, une discipline qui s'est formée dans les dernières années 2 , est devenu une méthode à part entière à la disposition des comparatistes.Il y a déjà des exemples importants de travaux publiés dans le champ de cette histoire comparée du droit du travail 3 .Un exemple plus récent figure dans la grande comparaison franco-allemande de Sabine Rudischhauser sur
Low temperature glassy systems

Jamming of hard spheres is a new critical phenomenon whose exponents are different from those of the other known transitions. These exponents have been recently computed in a mean field approximation whose limits of validity are not known. Even if their values are in very good agreement with the ones obtained by accurate numerical simulations, the deep reasons for this success are not understood.

Trampolining from these results I plan to develop a theory of the large scale properties of the free energy landscape of glasses at low temperature. I will use techniques of statistical field theory and of renormalization group to identify and compute universal features. This proposal has the following goals.

• We will develop a complete analytic theory of the infinite pressure limit (jamming) of hard spheres in dimensions greater than the upper critical dimensions. We will first compute analytically the upper critical dimension. Numerical simulations suggest that the upper critical dimensions is equal to or smaller than 2: this result is puzzling and it would be very interesting to find out if this indication is supported by the theory. We will also investigate in detail the scaling properties and the conformal invariance of the correlation functions.
• Starting from these results we will derive universal properties of glassy materials in the low temperature regions in the classical and in the quantum regime. The properties of multiple equilibrium configurations are crucial; we will study the structure of small (localized or extended) oscillations around them, the classical and quantum tunneling barriers.
• We will analyze both equilibrium features and off-equilibrium features (like plasticity and the time dependence of the specific heat). The subject has been widely discussed and phenomenological laws have been derived. I aim to obtain these laws from first principles using the properties of the free energy landscape in glasses that will be derived analytically.
A disruptive magnetically enhanced library preparation platform for next generation sequencing

Inorevia is a spin-off from the Institut Curie/CNRS (Paris) that leverages over ten years of research in microfluidics to tackle challenges of modern Biology and Medicine with faster, cheaper, miniaturised sample preparation. Inorevia’s ground-breaking biology platform, the MAGELIA, will provide Biologists and Clinicians with a unique tool to efficiently process raw biological samples upstream of advanced analysis methods such as Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) in volumes 100 to 1000 times smaller, in an entirely automated platform.
After over 2 years of R&D and a first TRL6 prototype of the MAGELIA platform, Inorevia is ready to accelerate its development to reach TRL8, finish the development of the MAGELIA and initiate its commercialization by 2021. Aiming for the NGS sample preparation market, this first generation of the MAGELIA platform will meet the needs of low to medium throughput labs, sequencing platforms, biotech and pharmacy companies, who struggle with low-reproducibility manual library preparations, expensive reagents, and scarce biological samples. The MAGELIA platform will democratise NGS to ignite a revolution in genomics on a fast-growing 8 Billion € market.
To succeed, Inorevia has put together an 8 persons’ team of recognized scientists, engineers, and confirmed business talents, backed by a renowned advisory board. The company holds exclusive rights on 4 key patents and large know-how. Since its inception in 2016, Inorevia has won several renowned awards in France and Europe, secured over 1.3 M€ in grants and a seed round.
The MAGELIA SME Instrument Phase 2 project specifically aims at accelerating Inorevia’s go-to market through faster development, earlier pre-series and larger market reach in Europe. With the objective to reach over 400 customers and 15% of the European market within five years, with a turnover of 30 M€, INOREVIA will become the European leader in miniaturized samples preparation for modern biology and medicine.
From male-killers to plant pathogens: investigation of cross-kingdom host-symbiont interactions in the  arsenophonus clade”

Bacterial symbionts are ubiquitous and influential partners of all metazoan life forms. This is exemplified by the high number of insect species harbouring heritable bacterial symbionts with important impacts on host ecology and evolution. In contrast, several plant pathogenic bacteria causing devastating crop diseases and important economic losses also depend on insect vectors to be transmitted to new host plants. It is thus evident that certain bacteria have evolved adaptations to very different host environments from two kingdoms of life and are able to switch frequently between these contrasting lifestyles. However, a detailed understanding of the functional and/or phenotypic adaptations allowing their cross-kingdom host switches is often lacking. The project PHYTOPHONUS (‘plantkiller’) will investigate how an initially insect-associated bacterial endosymbiont has recently adopted a multi-host lifestyle as an insect-vectored plant pathogen. This will be achieved using the phytopathogen ‘Candidatus Phlomobacter fragariae’ as study system. This bacterium belongs to the widespread Arsenophonus clade of insect endosymbionts and is also the causative agent of Marginal Chlorosis Disease of strawberry. We will combine experimental approaches as well as state-of-the-art genomic and transcriptomic sequencing techniques to investigate (i) the potential genomic adaptations allowing this bacterium to successfully switch between insect and plant hosts, and (ii) the respective interactions of the symbiont with both hosts. The results of the project will allow us to elucidate whether the genetic repertoire within the Arsenophonus clade is sufficiently versatile to allow rapid adaptations to plant host environments should the ecological opportunity arise. In addition, we will provide a holistic view of the multi-partite interactions between the bacterial pathogen, its insect vector and host plant, which may ultimately provide cues to interrupt the disease dynamics in the field.
Measurement-based stochastic models for the cross-correlation of multi-link small-scale fading in cooperative relay environments

In this contribution, stochastic models are established for the cross-correlation of the small-scale fading (SSF) in the impulse responses of two co-existing channels in cooperative relay scenarios based on measurement data collected using the wideband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relay-Band-Exploration-and-Channel-Sounder (rBECS). The models extracted describe the variation of SSF cross-correlation coefficients with respect to geometrical variables in a three-node relay system, i.e. the angle between the direct link from the mobile station to the base station and that from the mobile station to the relay station, the average length of these two links, and the ratio between the length of the two links. It is observed that the parameters describing the distribution of the SSF cross-correlation coefficients can be modeled as analytical functions with respect to the aforementioned variables. These results are of importance for understanding the joint characteristics of co-existing wideband propagation channels in reality.
Reason without much language

Language is more than a system used for interpersonal communication. Linguistic representations can also form a part of reasoning in other cognitive domains. However, it is unclear whether the role of language in non-verbal domains is a necessary one, or whether it represents an optional resource that is recruited under demanding or highly intentional processing conditions. The possible role of language in categorisation, belief reasoning, calculation and cross-domain integration is explored, together with the various sources of evidence that can inform debates on language–thought relationships. Evidence from comparative and developmental psychology, together with that from neuroscience and ‘virtual language impairment’ (verbal shadowing) suggests reduced or absent language resource can disrupt performance in non-verbal domains. Similarly results of some investigations of people with developmental or acquired language impairments suggest an association with broader cognitive impairment. However, there is a substantial and growing body of evidence from across experimental fields indicating autonomy between language and reasoning. Residual reasoning in the face of severe aphasia is described, together with possible objections to the evidence from aphasia informing language and thought debates.
The effects of bee pollen extracts on the broiler chicken’s gastrointestinal microflora

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of bee pollen ethanolic extracts on the in vivo gastrointestinal tract microflora colonization of broiler chickens. A completely randomized experiment based on six treatments (different concentrations of bee pollen - 0, 5, 15, 25, 35 and 45 g kg(-1) diet) was used during 7 weeks. The highest count of faecal Enterococci was found in the experimental group with the addition of 15 g of pollen (8.85 ± 0.87 log CFU g(-1)) per 1 kg of feed mixture. The highest count of Lactobacilli was detected in the experimental group with 35 g of pollen per 1 kg of feed mixture and the highest number of the Enterobacteriaceae genera count was found in the control group (8.43 ± 0.15 log CFU g(-1)). Moreover, the MALDI TOF MS Biotyper identified the following genera: Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella oxytoca, as well as Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. crispatus, L. fermentum and L. salivarius from the Lactobacilli group and Enterococcus avium, E. casseliflavus, E. cecorum, E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. gallinarum, E. hirae and E. malodoratus from the Enterococci group. Additionally, the in vitro antimicrobial activities of pollen against five bacteria species isolated from gastrointestinal tracts of chickens were tested. The best antimicrobial effect of the pollen extract was detected against K. oxytoca.
Achieving a higher degree of automation of manufacturing in the printing industry by ICT

Kerschoffset digital support is active in the digital print of various printing and graphic products. To address the key problem of the need to improve the process of production and to boost competitiveness throughout the business, the company will introduce, through the project, the upgrade of existing servers and software of traditional digital footprints, as well as all the necessary equipment to implement software upgrades. This will meet the following objectives: the growth of companies’ competitiveness, the improvement of the efficiency of workers, the increase of staff, the rise in export revenue, the growth of sales revenues, the monitoring of press developments and trends in the print market and the graphic producs. The aims of the project are customers, employees, suppliers and local communities.
Experimental Evaluation of Size-Dependent Predation by Adult Post-Spawned Rainbow Smelt on Larval Lake Whitefish

Abstract Introduced landlocked Rainbow Smelt Osmerus mordax are hypothesized to be a major factor in the decline of Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis populations in many lakes. We sought to identify the size of Lake Whitefish preyed upon by adult Rainbow Smelt and how the efficiency of Rainbow Smelt predation changes Lake Whitefish ontogeny. In a laboratory setting, we exposed larval Lake Whitefish of increasing sizes to groups of seven Rainbow Smelt (>100 mm) for a 1-h period and observed predation behaviors and efficiencies. In each trial, the group of Rainbow Smelt consumed at least one larval Lake Whitefish, which were up to 45 mm in length (up to 89% of Rainbow Smelt gape width). Predation efficiency, the total number of Lake Whitefish consumed by Rainbow Smelt during trials, was 100% after Lake Whitefish hatching and followed a decreasing sigmoidal response to increasing lengths of Lake Whitefish. The apparent predatory window of Rainbow Smelt on Lake Whitefish is from Lake Whitefish size at hat...
Effect of hurricane paths on storm surge response at Tianjin, China

A hurricane induced storm surge simulation system was developed for Tianjin coast, which consists of a hurricane model and a storm surge model. The peak storm surge result of the simulation agreed well with that of the observation. Three observed paths (Rita, Mimie and WINNIE) and a hypothetical path (Rita2) were chosen as the selective hurricane paths according to their positions relative to Tianjin. The sensitivity of Tianjin storm surge to the four paths was investigated using the validated storm surge simulation system. Three groups of experiments were done. In group one, the models were forced by the wind field and air pressure; in group two and three the models were forced by the wind only and the air pressure only respectively. In the experiments, the hurricane moved with a fixed speed and an intensity of 50 year return period. The simulation results show that path of the type Rita2 is the easiest to cause storm surge disaster in Tianjin, and the effect of air pressure forcing is most evident for path of the type Rita in Tianjin storm surge process. The above conclusions were analyzed through the evolution of the wind fields and the air pressure distributions. Comparing the experiment results of Group one, two and three, it can be seen that the storm surge is mainly induced by the wind forcing and the nonlinear interaction between the effect of wind forcing and air pressure forcing on the storm surge tends to weaken the storm surge. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Slow digestion property of microencapsulated normal corn starch

Abstract Starch is the main glycemic dietary carbohydrate, and its nutritional quality is associated with the amount of slowly digestible starch (SDS) that is beneficial to glycemic control. In the current study, a microencapsulation of normal corn starch by zein protein and its slow digestion property were investigated. A significant increase of SDS and RS was shown for starch capsules (weight ratio of zein to starch: 1:6) containing plasticizers of glycerol and oleic acid after high temperature (≥70 °C) treatment. Further studies showed a substantially decreased viscosity and the formation of an amylose–lipid complex after starch gelatinization. Thus, the hydrophobic physical barrier of the zein matrix and the amylose–lipid complex might together limit the water accessibility and starch swelling leading to a dense packing of starch materials with a high amount of SDS. The acceptable sensory property makes it an ideal ingredient for specialty food preparation and glycemic control.
The Holy Grail: Finding the Genetic Bases of Phenotypic Characters

AbstractA main goal in human genomics is to compare the genetic sequences of different individuals to identify chromosomal regions where genetic variants are shared. Using this information, researchers will be able to discover how genetic differences impact on the expression of different phenotypic characters such as disease susceptibility or drug resistance. One of the main sources of genetic variation is represented by Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) possessed by individuals in a population and compiled into haplotypes. Haplotypes allow to highlight the combined effect of multiple SNPs on the phenotypic character and greatly increase the significance of the predicted associations. Since each person possesses two haplotypes for most regions of the genome but they cannot be directly extracted by common wet-lab experiments, the inference of haplotype pairs from “raw” genetic data (genotypes) is a key computational problem in this area.
Identifying Habitat Characteristics and Critical Areas for Irrawaddy Dolphin, Orcaella brevirostris: Implications for Conservation

Irrawaddy dolphins, Orcaella brevirostris, in the Kuching Bay, Sarawak, Malaysia have been subjected to pressure from cetacean-fisheries interactions, dolphin watching tourism and coastal development. However, very little information is known about their ecology and factors driving their habitat preferences. To obtain critical information on the distribution, habitat preference and range pattern of Irrawaddy dolphins in Kuching Bay, Sarawak, systematic boat-based surveys were conducted between June 2008 and October 2012. The results showed a statistically significant relationship between Irrawaddy dolphins’ distribution and different categories of salinity, tide levels and distance to river mouths. Kruskal-Wallis tests confirmed that the presence of Irrawaddy dolphins in Kuching Bay had statistically significant relationships to habitat parameters of salinity (chi-square = 4.694, p = 0.03). Fisher’s exact test indicated that Irrawaddy dolphins were statistically more likely to be present in waters within a 6 km radius of river mouths. The distribution of dolphins was also affected by tide levels as Mann-Whitney U-tests proved a statistically significant difference in dolphin distribution between tide levels lower than 2.0 m and tide levels higher than 2.0 m (p = 3.153 × 10−11). The representative range and core area of photo-identified Irrawaddy dolphins estimated using fixed kernel range was 246.42 km2 and 37.22 km2, respectively, with core area located in the Salak Estuary. The results obtained in this study reflect dry season distribution only, and may differ during the wet season. Nonetheless, these results highlight the importance of shallow coastal waters and the overlap of Irrawaddy dolphin critical habitat with that of human activities in Kuching Bay. Conservation efforts are required to minimise the effects of the pressures exerted on these animals and their habitats.