SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
An assessment of cellulosic ethanol industry sustainability based on industry configurations

Thirty six billion gallons of renewable fuel is US government-mandated by 2022, of which approximately 21 billion gallons will originate from cellulosic sources. This presents a challenge to the cellulosic biofuel industry, although it provides a window of opportunity to bring vision, policy, and science together to guide the industry's sustainable development. The objective of this research was to utilize current scientific knowledge and farmers' prac- tical experience to identify basic characteristics of the cellulosic biofuel industry that will allow it to be most functional and sustainable, such that policy might be developed, if needed, to favorably shape the industry. This study's key participants included 14 scientists actively engaged in biofuel research and 44 farmers or agriculture professionals. The methods used in this study included (1) an integrated open forum and focus group discussions with scientists and (2) a triangulation of a survey and focus group discussion with farmers. Environmental, social, technological, and logistics criteria for four conversion facility configurations were assessed. Scientists assessed multiple-feedstock-species configurations more favorably than single-species configurations for environmental metrics and high/stable feedstock produc- tion. They also assessed distributed units as having fewer logistic challenges than centralized processing units. Distributed multiple-species configurations were also assessed to have greater rural development opportunity than other configurations. In contrast, the centralized single- species configuration was consistently assessed as not different from, or less favorable than, the other three configurations for all of the criteria assessed. Farmers have a significant need and desire for education about the emerging cellulosic biofuel industry but anticipated environ- mental challenges associated with single-species conversion platforms.
Overcoming stellar activity in radial velocity planet searches

Radial velocity (RV) planet searches are a key exoplanet detection method, and one of the only ways to measure a planet's mass. The best RV instruments today reach precisions well below 1 m/s, something which would have seemed impossible 30 years ago. The key factor limiting the sensitivity of RV surveys now is stellar activity. Regions of enhanced magnetic flux on the stellar surface alter the shape of absorption lines in the stellar spectrum, and perturb the measured RVs. I have developed physically motivated but flexible, data-driven methods to disentangle planets from activity in RV data, which are critical to the success of future surveys. I now propose to apply these state-of-the-art techniques to the very large sample of multi-epoch spectra collected by HARPS and HARPS-N, the leading RV spectrographs of the past decade, and then to the forthcoming Terra Hunting Experiment (THE), which will use a copy of HARPS on a dedicated telescope to search for Earth-analogues around nearby stars. 

The combined HARPS(N) archives are a treasure trove of information on activity-induced perturbations to spectra and RVs, which is currently under-exploited. This project have a transformative effect on our understanding of different types of activity effects, their dependence on stellar properties, and their signatures in the spectra and RVs. It will reveal planets that were missed by previous analyses, particularly around active (young) stars. Finally, it sets out a clear route to the efficient mitigation of activity effects that the THE survey requires to achieve its goals. THE will discover some of the best exoplanet characterisation targets for the next 15-20 years, and my ERC-funded team will be central to its success.
Algorithms to Study Large Metabolic Network Dynamics

We consider a class of systems of dierential equations with quadratic nonlinear- ities. This class describes important biochemical models. We show that systems of this class can realize any structurally stable dynamics. Given a low dimensional dynamics, we describe algorithms that allow to realize this dynamics by a large biochemical network. Some concrete bio- chemical examples are studied. Moreover, we show how a big system with random kinetic rates can simulate a number of low dimensional ones. The proposed method is applied on Calcium oscillations, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway and multistationary Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade system (MAPK) models from biochemistry.
Parque Augusta: revelação de um jardim sagrado

Texto e imagens apresentam o projeto e a execução do Parque Augusta, área central da cidade de São Paulo, elaborado como convergência de múltiplos estratos históricos.Conceitos centrais de restauro estão presentes nos projetos das edificações remanescentes do antigo Colégio Des Oiseaux e na concepção global do parque, nas relações que se estabelecem entre um jardim histórico, revelado enquanto lugar do sagrado, e os novos ambientes que a ele se aderem.As etapas de seu desenvolvimento traduzem o ambiente de confronto entre a dinâmica dos empreendimentos privados, a
Risk Management In Cloud Banking

Cloud computing is the modern means of collecting, storing and recovering the data. It is the advanced level of retrieving information relating to the specific concern. Because of the efficient service of cloud, users benefits by time and effort. It also has vast number of disadvantages. Although cloud computing possess an advanced software of accessing data, it has to overcome certain issues and risk like privacy, technical issue, sharing information, data location, outsourcing risk, migrating complexity, downtime, long term viability, speed and latency, mitigation etc. Banks distinguished manner of selecting software plays an essential role in cloud banking. When banks switch over to cloud, they must be ready to tackle the critical hurdles in the process in an effective manner with the steps involved to overcome risk which is mentioned in this article. Aim of our study is to make a clear view on cloud banking and to provide simple ways to conquer the risk entailed in the cloud banking sector
Natural and cultural heritage interpretation trail

"This project is part of the plan PARCOURS": This project aims to enforce the capacities of actors of the interpretation of the heritage to face future challenges thorough an increasing of the quality by the formation of professionals who will make live, or who are living, of the heritage, promoting shared practices tied to interpretation, education, welcoming, development of heritage products. PARCOURS-INTERPRETATION will also allow to increase the touristic offer of interpretation of the heritage thorough an increasing of the welcoming quality, the conception and realisation of pedagogical instruments for people.

This plan, supported by the Departmental Council of the Hautes-Savoie, is integrated in the field of Mont-Blanc’s Space. This plan covers a large part of Mont-Blanc’s Space and goes over peripheric territories, where tourism is less developed. This Plan cover 71 towns and 200 000 inhabitants, a territory which have a natural heritage clearly defined (natural park, 9 natural reserves, 13 protected areas) and valorised yet from a touristic point of view (400 paths for biking or walking). The PITER wants to promote this natural and cultural heritage to enforce local development, including low valleys.
Thermochemical sulfate reduction in fossil Ordovician deposits of the Majiang area: Evidence from a molecular-marker investigation

The main reservoirs of Majiang fossil deposits consist of the Silurian Wengxiang group, dominantly sandstones, and the Ordovician Honghuayuan formation, dominantly carbonate rocks, and the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation mudstones serve as the major source rocks. Thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) might have taken place in the Paleozoic marine carbonate oil pools, as indicated by high concentrations of dibenzothiophenes in the extracts (MDBT=0.27–4.32 μg/g extract, and MDBT/MPH= 0.71–1.38). Hydrocarbons in the Pojiaozhai Ordovician carbonate reservoirs have undergone severe TSR and are characterized by higher quantities of diamondoids and MDBT and heavier isotopic values (δ13C=−28.4‰). The very large amounts of dibenzothiophenes might be products of reactions between biphenyls and sulfur species associated with TSR.
SENSIBILIZAÇÃO AMBIENTAL PARA REDUÇÃO DA GERAÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS NUM ESCRITÓRIO DE ENGENHARIA

A geração de resíduos sólidos é inerente às atividades humanas e caso seu adequado gerenciamento não seja realizado, podem surgir sérios passivos ambientais às águas, ao solo e à atmosfera. O presente estudo objetivou analisar a eficácia da sensibilização ambiental na redução de resíduos sólidos num escritório de engenharia em Rio Verde, Goiás, Brasil. Antes e após a sensibilização foram quantificadas as gerações e aferida a gravimetria dos resíduos por um tempo total de 40 semanas. Obtiveram-se reduções estatisticamente significativas pelo teste t de Student a 5% de significância na geração semanal de resíduos e no descarte de copos plásticos, enquanto a composição gravimétrica apresentou papéis e matéria orgânica como as frações preponderantes. A continuidade das ações propiciaria redução anual de 17,5 % dos resíduos sólidos gerados no empreendimento.
Assays for single molecule detection and use thereof

The invention relates to methods of detecting a genetic variation in a genetic sample from a subject using labeled probes and counting the number of labels in the probes.
Sustainable Water Management through Common Responsibility enhancement in Mediterranean River Basins

The project is aiming at the design, application and dissemination of a methodological frame for the integration of Local Agenda 21 principles in Water Resources Management in Mediterranean River Basins. It is focusing on the identification of the water management practices and policies as well as of the actual state of Local Agenda application in the participants regions. Considering these and additionally the specific characteristics of the regions a public participation process will be designed and implemented at selected pilot river basins/sub basins in each region in order to motivate and actively involve the local key actors/stakeholders in the development and application of local actions in water management. By this way the provision of tools for a better integration of activities in the fields of both sustainable water management and Local Agenda 21 will be achieved and the confrontation of the different problems and threats on water resources in a cross-sectorial, territorial as well as dialogue oriented approach will be accomplished. Finally, the PP methodology that will be applied and validated over the several pilot river basins will constitute the baseline for further and wide dissemination and application by the water competent authorities and managing institutions at the Mediterranean area, in order to enhance Common Responsibility of social actors towards the integrated and sustainable management of water resources and environment, generally.
FOLDABLE CLOTHES-DRYING RACK CUM SUN-SHADING DEVICE

An improved foldable clothes-drying rack comprising: a plurality of -shaped mounting bracket (50a), a plurality of supporting arms (70a), wherein an arm (71) of the supporting arm (70a) is articulated in a foldable manner to be slidably retain by a snap-pin device (60a) within a bore (55a) of an Π-shaped housing (52a) of the bracket (50a), and the arm (71) are further provided with sequentially openting (72) for a plurality of poles and pole assemblies (21c & 20). The pole assemblies (20) comprising of a tube (34) inserted into a pole (21c), one end (25) portion of the pole (21c) is inserted with a control-pin device (40) for engagement into a notch (73) of the opening (72), the opposite end (25a) include a pole-fastening device (26) that facilitated frictional clamping onto outer periphery of the tube (34). Furthermore, the inserted end (23) of the tube (34) includes a tube-fastening device (35) that facilitated outwardly frictional pressing onto the internal slidablity surface of the pole (21c), the remaining longitudinal drawing out length of the tube (34) extend thru the opening (72) of the opposite arm (71) for outdoor clothes drying.
Evaluation of Various Linear Regression Methods for Downscaling of Mean Monthly Precipitation in Arid Pichola Watershed

In this paper, downscaling models are developed using various linear regression approaches namely direct, forward, backward and stepwise regression for downscaling of GCM output to predict mean monthly precipitation under IPCC SRES scenarios to watershed-basin scale in an arid region in India. The effectiveness of these regression approaches is evaluated through application to downscale the predictand for the Pichola lake region in Rajasthan state in India, which is considered to be a climatically sensitive region. The predictor variables are extracted from (1) the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis dataset for the period 1948–2000, and (2) the simulations from the third-generation Canadian Coupled Global Climate Model (CGCM3) for emission scenarios A1B, A2, B1 and COMMIT for the period 2001–2100. The selection of important predictor variables becomes a crucial issue for developing downscaling models since reanalysis data are based on wide range of meteorological measurements and observations. Direct regression was found to yield better performance among all other regression techniques explored in the present study. The results of downscaling models using both approaches show that precipitation is likely to increase in future for A1B, A2 and B1 scenarios, whereas no trend is discerned with the COMMIT.
SU-E-T-413: Dosimetric Evaluation and Clinical Implementation of IPlan Monte Carlo Algorithm For Lung Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR)

Purpose: To evaluate, validate and compare dosimetric accuracy of commercially available iPlan Monte‐Carlo(MC) dose algorithm for lung‐SABR. Due to short comings of Pencil‐Beam(PB) algorithm in regions of tissue inhomogeneity and advent of faster computing environment, ability to use more accurate MC based dose calculation algorithms is becoming more of a reality. This study presents a comparative analysis of dose calculations with 6MV using iPlan PB and MC algorithms with measured data utilizing lung anthropomorphic phantom.Materials & Methods: For treatment planning and dose measurement purposes a QUASAR™ phantom with lung inserts and Ion‐Chamber drills was utilized. Three different PTVs were drawn in phantom; two were in lungs and one in homogeneous region in midline of phantom. SABR planning were performed using three different techniques: DynamicArc, ConformalBeams and IMRT for each PTV. For planning purposes NovalisTx with HDMLC, 6MVSRS were used. Three different Ion‐Chambers; 0.6cc, CC01 and CC13 were utilized to measure doses. PTV‐maximum, PTV‐minimum, PTV‐mean doses and Ion‐Chamber mean doses were collected from plans which were calculated using PB‐corrected, PB‐uncorrected and MC. Results: Agreement between MC and Ion‐Chamber measurement were −1.1–1.64% (mean0.6%), 0.5–1.55% (mean1.17%) and −2.7−0.4% (mean‐0.55%) for DynamicArc, ConformalBeams and IMRT respectively. Deviations between PB‐corrected and measured values were 1.81–6.83% (mean4.4%), 2.73–8.63% (mean5.13%) and −1.28−1.24% (mean0.13%) for DynamicArc, ConformalBeams and IMRT respectively. Deviations between PB‐uncorrected and measured values were −2.36– −3.8% (mean‐2.96%), −1.88–− 3.04% (mean‐2.46%) and −3.88–−7.1% (mean‐5.29%) for DynamicArc, ConformalBeams and IMRT respectively. The mean deviations for all techniques were 0.4%,3.22%,−1.93% for MC, PB‐corrected and PB‐uncorrected respectively. PTV dose comparison between different algorithms has also been analyzed. Conclusions: This phantom study shows excellent agreement between doses calculated using iPlan Monte‐Carlo versus measurements for 6MV beam in lung equivalent material. MC algorithm not only predicts accurate dose at isocenter but also at borders of tumors where Pencil‐Beam overestimates the doses.
Brain diversity evolves via differences in patterning

Differences in brain region size among species are thought to arise late in development via adaptive control over neurogenesis, as cells of previously patterned compartments proliferate, die, and/or differentiate into neurons. Here we investigate comparative brain development in ecologically distinct cichlid fishes from Lake Malawi and demonstrate that brains vary among recently evolved lineages because of early patterning. Divergence among rock-dwellers and sand-dwellers in the relative size of the telencephalon versus the thalamus is correlated with gene expression variation in a regulatory circuit (composed of six3 , fezf2 , shh , irx1b , and wnt1 ) known from model organisms to specify anterior-posterior (AP) brain polarity and position the shh -positive signaling boundary zona limitans intrathalamica (ZLI) in the forebrain. To confirm that changes in this coexpression network are sufficient to produce the differences we observe, we manipulated WNT signaling in vivo by treating rock-dwelling cichlid embryos with temporally precise doses of LiCl. Chemically treated rock-dwellers develop gene expression patterns, ZLIs, and forebrains distinct from controls and untreated conspecifics, but strongly resembling those of sand-dwellers. Notably, endemic Malawi rock- and sand-dwelling lineages are alternately fixed for an SNP in irx1b , a mediator of WNT signaling required for proper thalamus and ZLI. Together, these natural experiments in neuroanatomy, development, and genomics suggest that evolutionary changes in AP patterning establish ecologically relevant differences in the elaboration of cichlid forebrain compartments. In general, variation in developmental patterning might lay the foundations on which neurogenesis erects diverse brain architectures.
Towards circular economy in the plastic packaging value chain

CIRC-PACK project aims at more sustainable, efficient, competitive, less fossil fuel dependence, integrated and interconnected plastic packaging value chain. To this end, three case studies will work in developing, testing and validating better system-wide economic and environmental outcomes by i) decoupling the chain from fossil feedstocks, (ii) reducing the negative environmental impact of plastic packaging; and (iii) creating an effective after-use plastics economy. All in all, the work will be supported by non-technological analysis and advanced methodological analysis (including circular economy and industrial symbiosis principles) which will trigger a broadly deployment of the tested solutions.  CIRC-PACK project will provide breakthrough biodegradable plastics using alternative biobased raw materials, which will have an instrumental role to play in the subsequence steps of the plastic value chain. In addition, eco-design packaging for improving and end-of-life multilayer and multicomponent packaging will be technologically advanced and adapted also to the new materials produced. Thus these developments will also contribute with a great impact in the packaging footprint, and increasing the biobased content and using compostable materials. Lastly, a multi-sectorial cascaded approach along plastic packaging value chain will be applied with critical impacts in other value chains beyond the targeted plastic packaging value chain.  The overall outcome of the project will facilitate the transition from the current linear plastic packaging value chain to circular economy principles.
Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2022. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)

The American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes convened a panel to update the previous consensus statements on the management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes in adults, published since 2006 and last updated in 2019. The target audience is the full spectrum of the professional healthcare team providing diabetes care in the USA and Europe. A systematic examination of publications since 2018 informed new recommendations. These include additional focus on social determinants of health, the healthcare system and physical activity behaviours including sleep. There is a greater emphasis on weight management as part of the holistic approach to diabetes management. The results of cardiovascular and kidney outcomes trials involving sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, including assessment of subgroups, inform broader recommendations for cardiorenal protection in people with diabetes at high risk of cardiorenal disease. After a summary listing of consensus recommendations, practical tips for implementation are provided.
On the maximum energy of particles accelerated in astrophysical jets

Astrophysical jets moving in an external medium produce shocks where particles can be accelerated via Diffusive Shock Acceleration (DSA). The main uncertainty is the maximum energy that particles can achieve, and this has important implications for different fields in astrophysics. In particular, one of the most exciting problems is  the origin of the Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays, and jets from Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) have been proposed as candidates. At lower energies cosmic rays are likely galactic. With that respect, a large fraction of gamma-ray sources in the Galaxy remain unidentified, and protostellar jets are among candidates to be the hidden cosmic ray accelerators. It was very recently demonstrated that mildly relativistic shocks in the backflows in the lobes of AGN jets  can accelerate particles  up to the Hillas energy, offering a suitable environment for the acceleration of UHECRs. However, in order to account for the heavy composition of the UHECR spectrum, a jet mass loading mechanism is needed. At lower energies, acceleration of TeV particles in protostellar jets can be quenched by ion-neutral collisions, and therefore kinetic calculations are desirable in order to compute the maximum energy of particles in low velocity shocks and non-completely ionized plasmas.  
I will investigate the maximum energy that particles can achieve when they are accelerated via DSA in  mildly-relativistic and low-velocity shocks, in AGN and protostellar jets, respectively. In the former case I will consider the shocks produced by the interaction of powerful stellar winds with the jets, whereas in the latter case we will consider the  jet termination shocks. By performing unprecedented calculations with the a newly developed hybrid code, I aim to address the maximum energy and composition of the UHECR spectrum by modeling the backflows of jet/wind interactions. In addition, I aim to address if protostellar jets can accelerate TeV particles and emit gamma rays.
What is consciousness for?

Abstract The answer to the title question is, in a word, volition. Our hypothesis is that the ultimate adaptive function of consciousness is to make volitional movement possible. All conscious processes exist to subserve that ultimate function. Thus, we believe that all conscious organisms possess at least some volitional capability. Consciousness makes volitional attention possible; volitional attention, in turn, makes volitional movement possible. There is, as far as we know, no valid theoretical argument or convincing empirical evidence that consciousness itself has any direct causal efficacy other than volition. Consciousness, via volitional action, increases the likelihood that an organism will direct its attention, and ultimately its movements, to whatever is most important for its survival and reproduction.