SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Better Policy Instruments for High Innovation Projects in the European Regions

The HIGHER project has been designed to tackle the following challenges, common to all the involved territories: the need to improve the innovative character of the innovation projects financed through ESIF; the need to improve a stronger public administrations role as innovation drivers; the need to improve science-industry collaboration; the need to improve private capital investments in R&D projects; and the need to improve the clustering approach. In this common framework, and starting from a set of national/regional policy instruments identified by the project partners and co-financed by the ESIF under the RIS3, the project overall objective is to achieve innovative models of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) suitable to mobilise investment in related smart specialisation areas, fostering an entrepreneurial discovery process in driving the innovation process of the policy instruments addressing RIS3. This will be pursued by promoting a European perspective and ensuring the durability and the transfer of the achieved results. The role of the public authorities as innovation drivers will be enhanced, in the process, as well as their position as “innovation demand hub” in the knowledge-driven economy. The project will strengthen the participation of relevant innovation-related stakeholders, following the quadruple helix approach, involving them in relevant activities. The main project outputs are: 9 analyses of the policy instruments addressed and 200 related final reports for partners and innovation stakeholders; the setting-up of an innovation experience digital hub based on capitalised online tools  for project partners and innovation experts; 36 meetings with the stakeholders groups; 3 interregional innovation summits,4 interregional meetings, 6 workshops and 6 study visits organized in the scope of the project learning path; and 9 action plans for policy instruments’ improvement drawn-up.
A statistical study using lightning data in Portugal from a Lightning Location System

This paper presents a study on lightning statistics over the continental territory of Portugal during a period from 2003 to 2014, using the data collected by the national Lightning Location System. Being part of the EUCLID (European Cooperation of Lightning Detection) project, this European grid is presented and its performance validated over the European continent. With the measured and then processed data, an overall ground flash density map is built, as well as a mean peak current map. In addition, a cumulative probability distribution curve is obtain and compared to the widely used CIGRE curve, followed by the application of both curves to a case study where IEEE Flash software is used.
INTERLOCKING AND SECURABLE RETAINING WALL BLOCK AND SYSTEM

Retaining wall blocks, retaining wall system formed thereby, and method for manufacturing the retaining wall blocks. The blocks are adapted for assembly to form a retaining wall system. A block of an upper row is laterally positioned by positioning it on top of two lower blocks. Each block also includes at least one mounting surface for securing a stabilizing element therewith. The mounting surface can be embodied as a groove which is inset into the upper surface of the blocks. Each block may additionally include opposing front and back body portions, and opposing side body portions, defining a void therein. The blocks may include aligning elements extending upwardly from an upper surface of the block body. The aligning elements of the lower blocks fit into the void of the upper block and assist in aligning the upper block on the lower blocks and, optionally, in securing a reinforcing structure placed between the layers. The wall, which may be either straight or curved, includes a plurality of blocks stacked in one or more rows. The aligning elements fit into the void and perform the aligning and reinforcing function in straight rows and when the rows curve to form a curved retaining wall. When the wall is assembled, anchoring elements may be placed throughout the wall by attaching an end of the anchoring element to the stabilizing element, while securing another end of the anchoring element to another stable surface, such as the ground.
Energy-ecological Efficiency of Dual-Fuel Serie Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Considering WTW Emissions

Abstract This paper discussed the possibility of replacing the internal combustion engine of the series plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) powered by gasoline A and Brazilian gasoline in single-fuel mode by one fuelled with 50% bioethanol and 50% biogas in dual-fuel mode. The simulation of the combustion of the fuels selected, such as bioethanol, biogas and gasoline A, were carried out through GASEQ software to calculate the energy-ecological efficiency of the single-fuel and dual-fuel modes. The well-to-pump (WTP) emissions of the bioethanol and biogas production from sugarcane were evaluated through GREET software. The tank-to-wheel (TTW) emissions were determined to each series PHEV operating modes. Thus, the well-to-wheel (WTW) emissions were calculated through the sum of the WTP, TTW and electricity mix emissions. According to the results, the energy-ecological efficiency for the dual-fuel mode was 10.7% and 24.1% higher than that found for the single-fuel mode powered by gasoline and Brazilian gasoline, respectively. The analysis showed that the losses during the biogas production aggravate linearly the WTP emissions, and consequently the WTW emissions of the series PHEV. Besides that, the dual-fuel mode presented 15.5% and 12.8 less TTW emissions than the single-fuel mode powered by gasoline A and Brazilian gasoline, respectively. Comparing to the emission standards, the dual-fuel mode presented TTW emissions 30.5% higher than the European Union emission standard by 2021. Although the dual-fuel mode does not meet none of the emission standards, this engine mode can be an alternative to at least reduce the tailpipe emissions.
Symbiosis of life-cycle structural design and asset management based on Building Information Modeling: Application for industrial facility equipment

Abstract In the last few years, particular focus has been devoted to the life cycle performance of fastening systems, which is reflected in increasing numbers of publications, standards and large-scale research efforts. Simultaneously, experience shows that in many cases, where fastening systems are implemented – such as industrial facilities – the design of fasteners is governed by fatigue loading under dynamic characteristics. In order to perform an adequate design and to specify the most efficient and appropriate fastening product, the engineer needs to access and process a broad range of technical and commercial information. Building information modelling (BIM), as a data management method in the construction industry, can supply such information and accommodate a comprehensive design and specification process. Furthermore, the application of BIM-based processes, such as the generation of a BIM-model, allows to use the important information for the construction as well as the life cycle management with different actions and time dependencies of the asset and its components. As a consequence, the BIM model offers the potential to correlate different data relevant for achieving the goals of the respective application, in order to ensure a more effective and correct design of the fastening. This paper demonstrates such a BIM-based design framework for an Industry 4.0 case, and in particular, the installation of a factory robot through post-installed anchors under fatigue-relevant loading in concrete.
Method of manufacturing silicon sulfide

Silicon sulfide is manufactured from the fine powder of silicon covered thoroughly with sulfur at lower temperature less than 800 DEG C in vacuum. To produce the silicon sulfide, silicon should be ground in the non-oxidizing condition to prevent the formation of silicon oxide layer that should cause to retard the reaction or necessitate higher temperature. The silicon powder is dispersed sufficiently in the molten sulfur. At this time, the quantity of sulfur added needs more than 1.1 times in comparison with the stoichiometric quantity of silicon sulfide. All surface of silicon powder should be covered with sulfur to avoid sintering between silicon particles in the process of heating.
Maternity or catastrophe: A study of household expenditure on maternal health care in India

Using data from 60th round of the National Sample Survey, this study attempts to measure the incidence and intensity of ‘catastrophic’ maternal health care expenditure and examines its socio-economic correlates in urban and rural areas separately. Additionally, it measures the effect of maternal health care expenditure on poverty incidence and examines the factors associated with such impoverishment due to maternal health care payments. We found that maternal health care expenditure in urban households was almost twice that of rural households. A little more than one third households suffered catastrophic payments in both urban and rural areas. Rural women from scheduled tribes (ST) had more catastrophic head counts than ST women from urban areas. On the other hand, the catastrophic head count was greater among illiterate women living in urban areas compared to those living in rural areas. After adjusting for out-of-pocket maternal health care expenditure, the poverty in urban and rural areas increased by almost equal percentage points (20% in urban areas versus 19% in rural areas). Increasing education level, higher consumption expenditure quintile and higher caste of women was associated with increasing odds of impoverishment due to maternal health care expenditure. To reduce maternal health care expenditure induced poverty, the demand-side maternal health care financing programs and policies in future should take into consideration all the costs incurred during prenatal, delivery and postnatal periods and focus not only on those women who suffered catastrophic expenditure and plunged into poverty but also those who forgo maternal health care due to their inability to pay.
Innovation for Welfare

The objective of Innovation4Welfare (I4W) is to improve, through interregional cooperation, the effectiveness of regional development policies that stimulate technology-driven innovation in the field of health and safety (‘welfare’). In this way I4W directly addresses EU policy objectives in two areas: it stimulates innovation with the aim of improving economic competitiveness as defined in the Lisbon agenda, and in this way drives the creation of new products and services that support policy initiatives addressing the key societal issue of public health, outlined in the recently adopted EU Health Strategy.

Across Europe, economic and demographics developments pose new challenges in public health: a general tendency to prioritise on health and safety, the strong increase in welfare-related diseases and the increased need for home and health care for ageing population are causing health care costs to increase rapidly. Innovative solutions are necessary to meet these challenges and
avoid health care becoming unaffordable. The challenges posed by the changing health needs of Europeans are however also an opportunity: because of the scope of the public health issue, and the enormous implications in terms of the increasing need of products and services in this area, it is an attractive target area for developing innovative new technologies and applications. 

Through one integrated (cross-cutting) approach, I4W aims to achieve three main goals: 1) to stimulate regional economic activity by better use of innovative processes and technologies in the field of health and safety, especially by SME’s and start-ups as important drivers for economic growth and jobs, 2) to contribute to welfare as a societal objective through the uptake of these innovations and 3) at the same time forge new (inter)regional coalitions between business (principally entrepreneurs and SME’s), knowledge institutes and public welfare organisations that currently do not work together sufficiently,
to stimulate the uptake of these innovations.

I4W will be a mini-programme that will focus on the analysis, development and transfer of good practices in a limited number of carefully selected subproject. In this way the project will not only capitalise on the general knowledge of the regional authorities, but on the extensive and in-depth expertise of the specific actors that implement policies and strategies to technology-based innovation in health and safety, such as universities, technology centres, hospitals and incubators. The partners will assure that the good practices identified and developed in I4W will have a strong impact in the regional innovation and health-related policy through active involvement of, and intensive dissemination to policy makers across Europe.

I4W involves partners representing regional authorities from 6 regions across Europe: Catalonia (ES), Lombardy (IT), Noord-Brabant (NL), South-West Bohemia (CZ), Region of Tartu (EE) and Upper Austria (AT).
Design, test and evaluation of an actively stabilised drogue refuelling system

Abstract A scale model of aerial refuelling drogue is built and tested to investigate active drogue stabilisation and control concepts. A set of aerodynamic control surfaces is implemented to a conventional, aerodynamically stabilised refuelling drogue. The control surfaces are designed to reduce the response of the drogue motion to atmospheric disturbance and tanker motion. This paper presents the details of design concept and experimental results based on wind-tunnel testing of a ⅓ scale model fabricated for this study. To investigate the proposed active control concept, a dynamic test rig is built for wind-tunnel experiment. The rig basically represents a hose-drogue system in terms of a 4 degree-of-freedom (DoF), single link pendulum model. System identification technique is used to obtain a drogue dynamic model, based on which a feedback control law is developed. Closed-loop dynamic testing is carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the aerodynamic surface control module and feedback control law.
Premixture for explosive mfr. - is prepd. from ammonium nitrate and formaldehyde and contains ammonium nitrate, methyl nitrate and alkali metal formate

Pre-mixt. for the mfr. of explosives is prepd. in liq. phase by (a) mixing NH4NO3 and HCHO; (b) heating gradually to set up an exothermic reaction and keeping 1-2 hrs. at =95 degrees C; (c) vacuum distn. to reduce water content to 8-10 wt.% and (d) removing the HCOOH formed, to leave 1.wt.% HCOOH, by adding sufficient MeOH or EtOH to form Me-. or Et formate and vacuum distn. The residual HCOOH is then neutralised with alkali to pH 6.5, to form a liq. mixt. consisting of NH4NO3, mono- or dimethyl nitrate and a small quantity of alkali formate. The pre-mixt. can be worked to (1) rock-blasting explosives for underground or tunnel construction, and (2) safety mining explosives for coal mines subject to fire-damp. The explosives are water-proof and can be ignited in water-contg. drilling holes up to 24 hrs. after charging.
Intelligent total body scanner for early detection of melanoma

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive cancers that can be discovered at an early stage, and it is responsible for 60% of lethal skin neoplasia. Its incidence has been increasing in white population and could become a public health challenge because of an increase in life expectancy of the elderly population. Total body skin examination, the primary screening mechanism for melanoma, checks each pigmented skin lesion individually in search of typical melanoma signs. This can be a very time consuming technique for patients with atypical mole syndrome or a large number of naevi.

iToBoS aims at developing an AI diagnostic platform for early detection of melanoma. The platform includes a novel total body scanner and a Computer Aided Diagnostics (CAD) tool to integrate various data sources such as medical records, genomics data and in vivo imaging. This approach will lead to a highly patient-tailored, early diagnosis of melanoma. The project will develop and validate an AI cognitive assistant tool to empower healthcare practitioners, offering a risk assessment for every mole. Beyond integrating all available information about the patient to personalise the diagnostic, it will provide methods for visualising, explaining and interpreting AI models, thus overcoming the “black box” nature of current AI-enabled CAD systems, and providing dermatologists with valuable information for their clinical practice. 

The new total body scanner will be based on an existing prototype developed by 3 of the project partners, but powered with high-resolution cameras equipped with liquid lenses. These novel lenses, based on two immiscible fluids of different refractive index, will allow achieving unprecedented image quality of the whole body. The integration of such images with all available patient data using machine learning will lead to a new dermoscopic diagnostic tool providing prompt, reliable and highly personalised diagnostics for optimal judgement in clinical practice.
Will a 385 million year-struggle for light become a struggle for water and for carbon? - How trees may cope with more frequent climate change-type drought events

Trees are exceptional organisms that have evolved over some 385 million years and have overtaken other plants in order to harvest light first. However, this advantage comes with a cost: trees must transport water all the way up to their crowns and inherent physical limitations make them vulnerable to water deficits. Because climate change scenarios predict more frequent extreme drought events, trees will increasingly need to cope with water stress. Recent occurrences of climate change-type droughts have had severe impacts on several forest ecosystems. Initial experimental studies have been undertaken and show that stomatal control of water loss hinders carbon assimilation and could lead to starvation during droughts. Other mechanisms of drought-induced mortality are catastrophic xylem dysfunction, impeded long-distance transport of carbohydrates (translocation) and also symplastic failure (cellular breakdown). However, direct empirical support is absent for either hypothesis. More experimental studies are necessary to increase our understanding of these processes and to resolve the mystery of drought-related tree mortality. Instead of testing the validity of particular hypothesis as mechanisms of drought-induced tree mortality, future research should aim at revealing the temporal dynamics of these mechanisms in different species and over a gradient of environmental conditions. Only such studies will reveal whether the struggle for light will become a struggle for water and/or for carbon in drought-affected areas.
Immediate oil spill containment to mitigate impact on the marine ecosystem

In Europe alone, about 20,000 oil spills were detected over a period of 6 years. Oil spills turn into major disasters because no immediate containment equipment is housed on-board large ships or oil rigs, so nothing can prevent oil from spreading during the first hours of a spill. OILBLOCK project goal is to bring to market Spill Python, the first in the world oil spill containment system on a proved Unmanned Marine System. OILBLOCK focuses on demonstrating the system in real world scenarios and enabling quick product commercialization. For this scope key value chain players are part of the consortium: HARBO Technologies, the developer of this disruptive technology; HEBO Maritiem, one of the largest Oil Spill Responders in Europe and ASV a leading producer of autonomous surface vehicles. OILBLOCK integrates HARBO’s core technology into a dedicated remote-controlled vessel that will be installed on-board tankers, oil rigs and large ships. This solution – Spill Python - will start operating immediately after spill detection and in less than 10 minutes, deploying up to 500 meters of a revolutionary containment boom. Spill Python will multiply oil recovery rates and significantly decrease the environmental impact and costs of spills. OILBLOCK is based on patented technology that has already been proven at the world's best testing facility. Many potential collaborators, such as emergency response organizations, coast guards, shipping lines, oil rig operators and coastal infrastructure facilities have already expressed interest in OILBLOCK solution. The project will help demonstrate first units for early adopters and put the consortium partners on a path to reach a sales rate of 270 units/ year by 2024 with an expected turnover of €94M. This growth will be reflected in the recruitment of up to 86 new employees in next five years. By 2028 sales are expected to reach 2,500 units/year due to regulators considering our technology as a benchmark for oil spill primary response.
Shear bond strength of nanofilled flowable resins used for indirect bracket bonding

Aim: To evaluate the bond strength of brackets fixed with different materials (two light-cured nanofilled resins - Transbond Supreme LV and Flow Tain LV, a light-cured resin - Transbond XT (control) and two chemically cured resins for indirect bonding - Sondhi Rapid- Set and Custom I.Q.) using the indirect bonding technique after 10 min and 24 h, and evaluate the type of failure. Methods: One hundred premolars were selected and randomly divided into groups (n=10) according to the material and fixation period. The brackets were bonded through the indirect technique following the manufacturer’s instructions and stored in deionized water at 37 o C for 10 min or 24 h. After, the specimens were submitted to a shear bond strength (SBS) test (Instron) at 0.5 mm/min and evaluated for adhesive remnant index (ARI). The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p Sondhi Rapid-Set > Custom I.Q.). There was no significant difference in resistance values between 10 min and 24 h, regardless of the materials. Most groups showed adhesive remaining adhered to the enamel (scores 2 and 3) without statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusions: It was concluded that the light-cured nanofilled materials used in indirect bonding showed greater resistance than the chemically cured materials. The period of fixation had no influence on the resistance for different materials.