SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Possible mechanisms for delayed neurological damage in lightning and electrical injury

This article provides and reviews hypotheses to help explain the poorly understood phenomenon of delayed neurological injury following lightning or electrical injury.A review of extant literature provides a starting point to integrate what is already known in an attempt to provide new hypotheses for this phenomenon, as well as to discuss existing hypotheses.The author proposes two theories which stem from the literature on the damaging effects of oxidative stress, and also reviews an existing hypothesis, the electroporation hypothesis. The former two theories can account for delayed damage which is either of vascular or nonvascular origin. The electroporation hypothesis can explain changes both in cases where there is cellular loss as well as cases where there only appears to be change in function after lightning or electrical injury.Although all theories discussed are speculative, the formation of hypotheses is always a starting point in the scientific process. In cases where there is delayed neurological damage with a vascular origin, it is possible that free radicals resulting from oxidative stress may gradually damage spinal vascular endothelial cells, cutting off blood supply, and ending in death of spinal neurons. When the delayed condition is demyelination without vascular damage, it is possible that the free radicals from oxidative stress are formed directly from the lipids found in abundance in myelin cells. The electroporation hypothesis, the formation of additional pores in neurons, may best explain immediate or progressive changes in structure and function after lightning or electrical injury.
CONSTANT FORCE CENTRALIZER

A constant force device has at least a first non-constant axial force driving the first set of arms and a second non-constant axial force driving the second set of arms, where the two sets of arms are offset from one another by 900. Each of the non-constant axial forces is converted to a radially extending force by the interaction of a force guide and actuator. The force guide is attached to the inner mandrel of the constant force device and is shaped to produce an essentially constant radially extending force through the entire range of motion of the arms. Typically each arm of the pair of arms has a pivoting arm and a telescoping arm where the joint between the pivoting arm and telescoping arm has one or more wheels to reduce friction as the constant force device moves through the tubular.
Evaluating seasonal risk and the potential for windspeed reductions to reduce chill index at six locations using GrassGro

The death of newborn lambs is a major factor influencing the reproductive efficiency of sheep enterprises. Adverse weather conditions (wind, precipitation and low temperature), either alone or in combination (chill index), can increase the level of newborn lamb mortality to over 50% of births for short periods through increased heat loss. The provision of shelter to reduce wind speed and therefore chill index (heat loss) has been shown to reduce lamb mortality; however, the reduction in mortality has been variable. This study used the decision support tool GrassGro to determine the likelihood of adverse weather conditions occurring at six locations across south-eastern Australia which varied widely in climate. Data were extracted for 24 consecutive weekly periods between May and October over 39 years (1968–2006) to evaluate daily precipitation, temperature, radiation, wind speed and chill index. The minimum, maximum and median values were calculated for all climatic factors for every week and year combination. The effectiveness of reducing wind speed to reduce the occurrence of a high chill index was also evaluated. The severity of these weather events varied between locations with the median weekly chill index rarely exceeding 1000 kJ/m2.h at Temora, but at both Hamilton and Orange this occurred in over two-thirds of the weeks examined. Reducing wind speed by 50% reduced the number of weeks with a median chill index exceeding 1000 kJ/m2.h in twice as many weeks at Hamilton and Yass compared with Orange. These results show that the potential for shelter to reduce chill index will vary according to the location and time of year. In locations where another climatic factor, such as low temperature or rainfall, has a greater influence on the chill index, shelter which only reduces wind speed, will be less effective than at locations where wind speed is the driver of chill index.
2.4 Super-Resolution Microscopy

Fluorescence microscopy is a valuable toolbox to study cellular structures and dynamics spanning scales from the single molecule to the live animal. The spatial resolution that can be achieved with any light-based microscopy is however limited to about 200 nm in the imaging plane and >500 nm along the optical axis. It has been a motivation and a challenge to bypass this limit in spatial resolution, and to extend the range of fluorescence microscopy reaching a near-molecular resolution. A selection of techniques that successfully demonstrated sub-diffraction resolution fluorescence imaging and which today are used for imaging of small cellular structures is reviewed.
METHOD FOR CLEANING, PACKING, AND TRANSPORTING VEGETABLES

A method for processing common headed varieties of vegetables such as iceberg lettuce so as to remove all dirt, insects, and other debris from the vegetable and to allow shipping and transport of the vegetable while preserving the characteristics and versatility of the vegetable in a fresh form. The method comprises harvesting (10) the vegetable at or near maturity and then coring the vegetable (12). A plurality of cored and separated leaves are then washed and dried (16). The plurality of cored and separated leaves are maintained in a cool environment, preferably from 32 to 55 degrees F. The cored and separated leaves are then packaged (22) in a permeable film or membrane sealed container allowing for the interchange of atmospheric gasses and gasses from the interior of the film or container.
L’agriculture régénératrice : summum de l’agroécologie ou<i>greenwashing</i>?

Face aux nombreux défis sociétaux à relever (environnement, sécurité alimentaire, santé), différentes formes d’agriculture sont envisagées. Agriculture biologique, agriculture de conservation des sols et maintenant agriculture régénératrice sont trois récits fondateurs se référant à l’agroécologie. Toutefois, l’agriculture régénératrice, nouvelle arrivée en France, reste ambiguë. Nous proposons un cadre d’analyse des formes d’agriculture en termes d’impacts et de services, que nous mobilisons pour comparer l’agriculture régénératrice à celles auxquelles elle se réfère et qui sont bien documentées dans la littérature scientifique. Cette analyse permet d’éclairer des points critiques de l’agriculture régénératrice tels que la question des pesticides et du niveau de séquestration du carbone dans les sols. Ensuite, nous identifions les atouts, faiblesses, opportunités et menaces pour le changement d’échelle de cette agriculture. Nous montrons qu’un atout majeur de l’agriculture régénératrice est de reposer sur un récit mettant en avant un principe, la « régénération » des biens communs (sols, eau, air, biodiversité), qui peut entraîner l’adhésion d’une diversité d’acteurs. Cependant, la mobilisation des acquis de l’agroécologie, en tant que science, pratique et mouvement, pourrait aider à préciser son contenu, encore flou, de façon à ce que ses promesses se traduisent en de réels progrès et ne soient pas exclusivement centrés sur le carbone.
Measuring the sustainability of cities: An analysis of the use of local indicators

Abstract We analyze 17 studies of the use of urban sustainable development indicators (SDI) in developed western countries. The analysis reveals a lack of consensus not only on the conceptual framework and the approach favored, but also on the selection and optimal number of indicators. First, by performing different classifications and categorizations of SDI we identify problems inherent in territorial practices that use SDI. Second, we argue that the lack of consensus in several steps of the creation of SDI stems notably from the ambiguity in the definitions of sustainable development, objectives for the use of such indicators, the selection method and the accessibility of qualitative and quantitative data. Third, based on the reviewed studies, we propose a selection strategy for SDI through which we demonstrate the need to adopt a parsimonious list of SDI covering the sustainable development components and their constituent categories as broadly as possible while minimizing the number of indicators retained.
A Systemic Approach for Regions Transitioning towards a Circular Economy

RETRACE addresses the EU challenge of transitioning towards a Circular Economy following the priorities set up by the “Flagship Initiative for a Resource-efficient Europe” for a shift towards a resource-efficient, low-carbon economy to achieve sustainable growth as enshrined in Europe 2020 strategy and the EC Communication “Towards a circular economy: A zero waste programme for Europe”. 

RETRACE partners deem that the adoption of more systemic approaches at territory/regional level can play a leverage effect in such transition. Specifically, the Systemic Design approach seeks to create complex industrial systems. It aims to implement sustainable productive systems in which material and energy flows are designed so that waste from one productive process becomes input to other processes, preventing waste from being released into the environment. 

RETRACE’s main goal is to promote the adoption of Systemic Design as a method allowing regional and local policies in their transitions towards a Circular Economy, focusing thus both on a territorial/regional policy perspective and on systemic approaches for a Circular Economy. To that end, RETRACE will achieve the following outputs and results: 
-	Development of 5 regional/national holistic diagnoses. 
-	Identification and exchange of 30 good practices in 5 target policy areas. 
-	Holding of 7 interregional exchange of experience activities with participation of 182 stakeholders and partners. 
-	Engagement of 5 regional/national stakeholders groups all along the exchange and strategic thinking process leading to the definition and implementation of 5 Action Plans.  
-	Outreach of politicians and policy-makers with specific activities and publication for increasing the ownership of process at target policies and RIS3 level.  
-	Issue of policy recommendations and road map for the adoption of method and good practices by other EU regions.
Prevalence of parasites in patients with gastroenteritis at East of Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran.

Parasitic gastrointestinal infections are one of the most important health problems in the developing countries, which lead to the onset of intestinal disease particularly diarrhoea. Due to the particular geographic situation in the Mazandaran province, individuals are infected with various intestinal parasites. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of enteropathogenic parasites in the patients with gastroenteritis living at the east of Mazandaran province (Sari, Nekah and Joybar cities), northern Iran. This descriptive study was carried out from September 2009 to March 2010. Faecal samples were collected by randomized cluster method from 962 patients with gastroenteritis who were refered to the Health Service Centers of Sari, Neka and Joybar cities. All data about the patients were recorded in questionnaire. Stool specimens were examined by direct wet mounting, formolether concentration, and Ziehl-Neelsen acid fast stain and Auramin Phenol fluorescence (APF) method for the investigation of Cryptosporidium and Isospora. Prevalence of intestinal parasites and their relationship with gender, age, and season were investigated, and the obtained data were analyzed with χ² test using the SPSS software (16.0). Out of 962 patients with gastroenteritis, overall infection was 9.1%; Giardia lamblia (4.1%) with the highest and Enterobius vermicularis (0.2%) with the lowest prevalence rate. Prevalence rate of other parasites were as follow: Cryptosporidium, 0.1%; Entamoeba histolytica, 0.1%; Chilomastix mesnili, 0.1%; Entamoeba coli, 1.2%; Blastocytis hominis, 1.8%; Trichostrongylus spp., 0.4% and Hymenolepis nana, 0.9%. Findings showed that Giardia is the most common cause of intestinal infection at the east of Mazandaran province, and could be defined as the most important parasitic agent of gastroenteritis. On the other hand, infection with enteropathogenic parasites as compared with the previous reports showed significant decline, which reveals the coverage of health education, increase of public knowledge on the parasitic diseases and sanitation of living environment.
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR WRITING A PATTERN IN A SUBSTRATE

A method and apparatus are described for forming a pattern comprising one or more markings on a substrate (6). The method comprises the step of forming each marking by locally heating the substrate (6), for example using a fibre laser (2). A step is also performed of monitoring the temperature of the substrate, e.g. using a temperature sensor (10), whilst each marking is being formed. The method may be used to form a magnetic encoder scale on a stainless steel substrate having a high content of martensitic material. The local heating causes the martensitic material to be transformed into austenitic material. An encoder scale made using the method is also described.
SOURCING SYSTEM AND METHOD

One aspect of the invention is an electronic auction system. The electronic auction system comprises computer software that is operable to receive multiple parameter bids on at least one product from a plurality of vendors. The software is further operable to calculate the total cost of the product to the purchaser in response to each vendor's bid according to a total cost formula.
DUAL MODE FUZE

A multi-mode fuze (20) for a munition (10, 40) has at least one sensor (16, 22, 42) that generates an electrical output (62) dependent on a rate of deceleration when the munition (10, 40) impacts a target, a logic circuit (60) electrically coupled to the at least one sensor (16, 22, 42) effective to discriminate between a soft target and a hard target dependent on the electrical output (62) and a fuze (20) that transmits a detonation signal to an initiating explosive (28) to thereby detonate the munition (10, 40). The detonation signal is transmitted at a time dependent on target discrimination. The multi-mode fuze (20) of the invention may be incorporated into an explosive projectile (10, 40) that includes an aerodynamically shaped metallic casing (12), an explosive (14) contained within the metallic casing (12) and an initiating explosive (28) contacting the explosive (14). The multi-mode fuze (20) communicates with the initiating explosive (28) to trigger detonation of the explosive (14) either on impact with a hard target or following a delay on impact with a soft target.
PACKAGING FOR SURGICAL STAPLER BUTTRESS

A packaging assembly is designed for an applicator that contains a buttress assembly (300) that is used with a surgical stapler to reinforce a cut and stapled tissue site. The packaging assembly protects the buttress assembly from damage due to physical contact as well as exposure to adverse environmental factors like excess moisture, etc. In one example the packaging assembly includes a dual tray design with an inner tray (600) that holds the applicator. The combined inner tray and applicator are hermetically sealed within a foil assembly or foil pouch (400). The foil pouch with the inner tray and applicator within is placed within the outer tray (500) to protect the foil from damage.
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONDUCTING ASSAYS

A multi-well assay plate structure (54) and assay apparatus and a method for performing chemical biochemical assays is described. The multi-well assay plate structure (54) defines a relatively shallow substantially enclosed space (71) above a plurality of wells (76), with the enclosed space (71) having an inlet (72) and an outlet (22) separate from the inlet. Fluid introduced via the inlet (72) flows into the space (71) and/or wells (76) by displacing air. Withdrawal of the fluid via the inlet (72) or outlet leaves fluid in the wells (76) allowing various tests to be performed. Various embodiments of the structure are described. The preferred arrangement embodies the structure on a transparent plastic disk which can be used with automatic fluid handling apparatus (80) and the results assessed using optical assessment apparatus (81). The apparatus can be used to perform a variety of assays but, in particular, biochemical/chemical assay, immunoassays and genetic (DNA) assays and it can be used in a laboratory for multiple sample testing or at a point-of-care, i.e. in a surgery or clinic.
Piety in Pieces: How Medieval Readers Customized their Manuscripts

Medieval manuscripts resisted obsolescence. Made by highly specialised craftspeople (scribes, illuminators, book binders) with labour-intensive processes using exclusive and sometimes exotic materials (parchment made from dozens or hundreds of skins, inks and paints made from prized minerals, animals and plants), books were expensive and built to last. They usually outlived their owners. Rather than discard them when they were superseded, book owners found ways to update, amend and upcycle books or book parts. These activities accelerated in the fifteenth century. Most manuscripts made before 1390 were bespoke and made for a particular client, but those made after 1390 (especially books of hours) were increasingly made for an open market, in which the producer was not in direct contact with the buyer. Increased efficiency led to more generic products, which owners were motivated to personalise. It also led to more blank parchment in the book, for example, the backs of inserted miniatures and the blanks ends of textual components. Book buyers of the late fourteenth and throughout the fifteenth century still held onto the old connotations of manuscripts—that they were custom-made luxury items—even when the production had become impersonal. Owners consequently purchased books made for an open market and then personalised them, filling in the blank spaces, and even adding more components later. This would give them an affordable product, but one that still smacked of luxury and met their individual needs. They kept older books in circulation by amending them, attached items to generic books to make them more relevant and valuable, and added new prayers with escalating indulgences as the culture of salvation shifted. Rudy considers ways in which book owners adjusted the contents of their books from the simplest (add a marginal note, sew in a curtain) to the most complex (take the book apart, embellish the components with painted decoration, add more quires of parchment). By making sometimes extreme adjustments, book owners kept their books fashionable and emotionally relevant. This study explores the intersection of codicology and human desire. Rudy shows how increased modularisation of book making led to more standardisation but also to more opportunities for personalisation. She asks: What properties did parchment manuscripts have that printed books lacked? What are the interrelationships among technology, efficiency, skill loss and standardisation?
Use of RR/SR-ractopamine

A method of promoting or improving the feed efficiency and the muscle-to-fat ratio in animals by administering to the animals a therapeutically effective amount of a mixture of RR-ractopamine and SR-ractopamine is disclosed. Manufacturing methods for making RR/SR-ractopamine are presented.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF A VOLUME OF A SEDIMENT OR OF A VOLUME OF A FLUID WITH BAD FLOW PROPERTIES

The invention describes a convenient method and device to measure off exact volumes of fluids with bad flow properties such as for instance sediments of suspensions, for subsequent analysis in a laboratory. By condensation, volume measurement and subsequent analysis of the particles in a suspension, it becames practicable to investigate quantitatively how much of a compound is associated with the particles in the suspension. Examples of particles in question are erythrocytes and silt or ground particles. Examples of compounds transported by erythrocytes are bodyconstituents such as steroids and fatty acids or drugs. Examples of compounds associated with silt or ground particles are heavy metals and organic compounds. In the invention the material (9, 10, 11) with bad flow properties is compressed into a space (7) for instance by centrifugation, whereafter this space (7) can be opened on a well defined place (12) in such a way that the excess part of the sediment (11) and of the suspension (10) is discharged through the opening (12) whereas the remaining part of the sediment (11) occupies an exact known space volume. The remaining fluid or sediment with the defined volume is conveniently available for further analysis.
Real-Time dynamic control system for laser welding

RADICLE aims to create a real-time dynamic control system for laser welding using a combination of (application specific) sensors in combination with intelligent and predictive control technologies for in-process monitoring and control to minimize/eliminate defects for a range of materials and geometries for both aerospace, automotive and other applications. The control system will include pre- and post-welding measurement as well as in-process monitoring, control and fault prevention / fixing. The project has 4 large, end-user partners - Rolls-Royce, Alstom, GKN and CRF (FIAT) therefore the impact of RADICLE is expected to be very large.

The overall impacts of successful implementation of the RADICLE technology through our consortium and the wider welding sectors will enable us to achieve the following impacts:
- Increased productivity of up to 30%, resulting in:
          - 30% reduced energy usage;
          - 30% reduced emissions;
- Eliminate the need for part scrappage or rework (up to 20%-30% of labour input);
- Reduction or removal of the need for final NDE testing of the parts;
- Remove need for large enclosed remote welding rooms (~35% floor space reduction);
- Increase health and safety benefits;

In addition, RADICLE will contribute to the wider Europe 2020 targets, through:
- Increased employment of 20-64 year-olds;
- Increased R&D spending;
- Reduced energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions;
- Increased education, especially at third level education;