SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Contrary To Conventional Wisdom, Physicians Abandoned A Breast Cancer Treatment After A Trial Concluded It Was Ineffective

Conventional wisdom holds that physicians are slow to abandon ineffective medical practices. We evaluated this theory in the case of axillary lymph node dissection, a procedure to remove the lymph nodes near the breast to prevent the spread of breast cancer following breast-conserving surgery. A major trial conducted from 1999 to 2004, with results presented in 2010 and published in 2011, found that patients who met certain criteria could forgo axillary lymph node dissection. Using cancer registry data, we estimated that the proportion of patients undergoing axillary dissection declined by 32.6 percentage points after the trial was published. The decline began immediately after the trial was presented at a medical conference. The rapid decline in the use of axillary dissection belies the common belief that practice patterns are slow to change in response to new evidence, and it highlights the value of trials of established medical practices to patients and the health system.
The art of living the territory from the Karst to the sea

This project is the continuation and the evolution of the initiatives previously implemented in the enogastronomical field, particularly with reference to the Karst area. Small-sized operators in this sectors can therefore implement joint marketing actions, organise events to promote new products as well as accessing specific training (actions that they would be unable to perform individually). Specifically, the project consists of a horizontal phase (project management and coordination) and five chronological phases: preliminary workshops, strategic marketing plan, specific training for tourist operators, promotional events and, lastly, the sharing of the results achieved. In practice, the project leads to the establishment of a common brand the drawing up of a marketing plan, of a calendar of eno-gastronomical micro-events, the publication of a brochure with the map of the territory and the description of participating restaurants. In the framework of this project fall the events “Antichi sapori d’Autunno” in Muggia and “Sapori della tradizione” in Trieste. Lastly, a publication will be made available and a conference will be organised to present the results attained.
Repair of tissue and organ damage in refractory chronic graft versus host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation by the infusion of purified allogeneic donor regulatory t lymphocytes

Our proposal encompasses parallel clinical trials addressing the feasibility and the effectiveness of donor-derived regulatory T cells (Treg) as a therapeutic agent in the treatment and prevention of tissue and organ damage resulting from graft versus host disease (GVHD) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).
We propose a collaborative clinical study in which Treg therapy for GHVD is the common dominator. However, by bringing together several clinical centers with expertise in this area, we are also having the opportunity to simultaneously address other issues that would not otherwise be addressable by each clinical center on its own. Firstly, by using different Treg preparation strategies, we will be able to determine whether ex vivo isolated Treg are sufficient or whether in vitro expansion and subsequently higher dosages are required. Secondly, we will investigate if sole Treg infusion is effective or if rather co-administration of therapeutic agents that are likely to induce Treg survival and expansion in vivo (rapamycin; IL-2) is required for a successful response to Treg therapy.
The studies on GVHD treatment outcome will be pursued together with a detailed analysis of immune monitoring, comprising T cell receptor clonotype tracking and tissue regeneration markers, in order to further understand the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic and regenerative potential of Treg cells.   
Our consortium has developed a concerted approach to the topic of Treg therapy in GVHD. This is a unique opportunity to determine the validity of this cellular immunotherapy approach in GVHD prevention and treatment, with potential for a significant impact on patient quality of life, survival rate and ultimately on the quality of health care provided.
Identifying the building blocks of episodic memory: how the hippocampus parses boundless experience into discrete events

Life provides us with a continuous stream of information that ends up being organized in long-term memory as distinct events. How does this occur? Leading theories posit that surprising occurrences (when prediction of the immediate future fails) are interpreted by the system as event boundaries that segment ongoing experience. Will any type of surprise induce such segmentation? Moreover, how are these segments then laid down in memory as discrete units? The proposed research addresses these key issues in a two phase study, combining fMRI of healthy individuals with a neuropsychological study of amnesic patients, and using tailored film clips designed to dissociate between distinct forms of prediction error (PE) – low-level PE (salient perceptual changes) and high-level PE (explicit expectancy of an upcoming change). We hypothesize that the key region in this process may be the hippocampus, a region strongly linked to formation of episodic memory. Combining a 7T fMRI study (enabling distinction between hippocampal subfields) with a study of patients with focal hippocampal lesions will enable us to elucidate the nature and necessity of hippocampal involvement in segmentation. The significance of this study lays first in its potential to illuminate how real-life events are registered to memory, a process which is likely to differ significantly from the encoding of brief, simple stimuli that have been employed previously. The importance of studying encoding of complex events has recently received increasing recognition, yet this is still only at its infancy, with very few studies employing this approach. Combining the complementary expertise of the researcher and the host, the proposed research aims to identify what constitutes an event boundary in mnemonic processing. Through future collaborations, this has the potential to lead to applicable interventions for improving normal memory and ameliorating mnemonic disorders.
China's Mineral Resources Endowments with the Pattern of International Reserves

According to the basic characteristics and mineral resources supply and demand situation of China's mineral resources endwments,the article analyzes China's mineral reserves and mineral resources security and international status.The results showed that: up to 2007,171 kinds of minerals have been identified in the total amount of mineral resources,and minerals identified and amount of more than 20 kinds of mineral reserves are elatively high in the world.However,the main mineral resources of the world's reserves is relatively low.the endowments of mineral resources and the international reserves are important to examine the pattern of resource supply and demand equilibrium.International reserves is the pattern of countries(or regions) of global security,regional security and an integral part of local security.Endowment of mineral resources,as well as changes in the temporal and spatial pattern of trends decide China's decision to resolve the resources structural contradictions Resources reserves and basic reserve decide the short,medium and long-term resource security.The establishment of resource conservation,circulation,consumption,use,recycling,trade and management strategies,can form a complete integrated security system.
Mathematical modeling in chemistry. Application to water quality problems

This paper deals with mathematical modeling of chemical reaction systems. For the sake of simplicity the stirred tank assumption is made which allows us to remain in the framework of ordinary differential systems. The principles of chemical kinetics are recalled and the equations for the evolution of concentration of the chemical species involved in the reactions are given. The equilibrium of reversible reactions is also characterized. Then the case where low and fast reactions coexist is specifically considered by using asymptotic techniques to obtain limit models. Numerical methods are proposed and the whole methodology is applied to water quality models.
Study on Drying Kinetics of Paddy Rice: Intermittent Drying

The intermittent drying characteristics of an Iranian popular paddy rice variety were experimentally investigated to determine the drying kinetics and obtain the effective moisture diffusivity. A lab-scale fluidized bed dryer was designed and constructed to enable obtaining the required results while controlling critical drying parameters. The effects of drying temperature and tempering period on drying kinetics and moisture diffusivity were studied. The results showed a significant effect on drying performance and effective moisture diffusivity by adding tempering stage. Drying rate improved sharply by implementing the tempering stage, increase of drying air temperature as well as the tempering duration.Several thin layer drying models were fitted separately to experimental data of each drying stages namely pre-tempering and post-tempering and suitability of these models were examined using the statistical analysis. The Midilli and Tow-Term model were found to be the most appropriate one for the first and second drying stages, respectively.
Association of the variants in the<i><scp>PPARG</scp></i>gene and serum lipid levels: a meta‐analysis of 74 studies

Considerable studies have been carried out to investigate the relationship between the polymorphisms of PPARG (Pro12Ala, C161T and C1431T) and serum lipid levels, but the results were inconclusive. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the association. MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library databases were searched systematically. The subgroup analysis was performed based on ethnicity. Seventy-four studies with 54,953 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. In Pro12Ala, the group with the 'PP' (C/C genotype) genotype group had lower levels of total cholesterol (TC) (mean difference, MD: -0.02, P < 0.00001; I(2) = 28%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (MD: -0.02, P < 0.00001; I(2) = 30%) and higher levels of triglyceride (TG) (MD: 0.06, P < 0.00001; I(2) = 30%) than the combined 'PA+AA' (PA = C/G genotype, AA = G/G genotype) genotype group in Asian population, and the group with the 'PP' genotype had higher levels of TG (MD: 0.07, P < 0.02; I(2) = 67%) than the combined 'PA+AA' genotype group in non-Asian population. No statistically significant differences in the levels of TC, TG, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C were detected between different genotypes in C161T(Asian or non-Asian) and C1431T(Asian) polymorphisms. This meta-analysis was a renewed and confirmed study to assess the association between PPARG polymorphisms and serum lipid levels in Asian and non-Asian populations. There is a prominent association between Pro12Ala polymorphism and the levels of TC, LDL-C and TG in Asian population. No statistically significant differences in serum lipid levels were detected between different genotypes in C161T and C1431T polymorphisms.
Distributed space-time codes for amplify-and-forward relaying networks

Most research on Distributed Space-Time Block
Coding focus on utilizing 2 relaying nodes that are assumed
to be permanently available. In the case where higher diversity
order is available for utilization, maintaining full-rate become
troublesome or the complexity of decoding will be increased
significantly. In this paper a distributed full-rate encoding scheme
is proposed that will achieve any order of diversity, while
maintaining lower complexity. The idea is to adapt an existing
code, which is based on a low complexity approach used in
conventional Multiple Input Multiple Output systems, to work on
an amplify-and-forward relaying network. This will ensure the
ability of the system to scale with ease by accommodating any
number of relays with minimal overhead. In addition, the method
does not require any control-information overhead for the code-generation
coordination process among relay nodes. Simulation
results show the effectiveness of this code which retains its full diversity,
full-rate and linear decoding complexity.
Intelligent freshtag labels for supply chain temperature monitoring

Insignia Technologies has developed and run initial testing on time and temperature sensitive labels that are used to reduce food waste and monitor temperature abuse within the supply chain. To build on the small scale testing that has been carried out thus far, Insignia proposes to run a Phase 1 project with the aim of producing further prototype Freshtag labels that will be used in live trials with customers in Europe including Autogrill, Sodexo and The Co-Operative. Define optimal requirements from the test customers, attend FachPack in Nuremberg in September 2016 to showcase the technology, research developing markets and use all of the results and data gathered to structure a business plan that moves forward to large scale trials with a range of customers as part of a Phase 2 project.
Continued Validation of the O-SCORE (Ottawa Surgical Competency Operating Room Evaluation): Use in the Simulated Environment

CONSTRUCT: The Ottawa Surgical Competency Operating Room Evaluation (O-SCORE) is a 9-item surgical evaluation tool designed to assess technical competence in surgical trainees using behavioral anchors.The initial development of the O-SCORE produced evidence for valid results. Further work is required to determine if the use of a single surgeon or an unblinded rater introduces bias. In addition, the relationship of the O-SCORE to other currently used technical assessment tools should be explored to provide validity evidence related to the relationship to other measures. We have designed this project to provide continued validity evidence for the O-SCORE related to these two issues.Nineteen residents and 2 staff Orthopedic Surgeons from the University of Ottawa volunteered to participate in a 2-part OSCE style station. Participants completed a written questionnaire followed by a videotaped 10-minute simulated open reduction and internal fixation of a midshaft radius fracture. Videos were rated individually by 2 blinded staff orthopedic surgeons using an Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) global rating scale, an OSATS checklist, and the O-SCORE in random order.O-SCORE results appeared sensitive to surgical training level even when raters were blinded. In addition, strong agreement between two independent observers using the O-SCORE suggests that the measure captures a performance easily recognized by surgical observers. Ratings on the O-SCORE also were strongly associated with global ratings on the currently most validated technical evaluation tool (OSATS). Collectively, these results suggest that the O-SCORE generates accurate, reproducible, and meaningful results when used in a randomized and blinded fashion, providing continued validity evidence for using this tool to evaluate surgical trainee competence.The O-SCORE was able to differentiate surgical trainee level using blinded raters providing further evidence of validity for the O-SCORE. There was strong agreement between two independent observers using the O-SCORE. Ratings on the O-SCORE also demonstrated equivalence to scores on the most validated technical evaluation tool (OSATS). These results suggest that the O-SCORE demonstrates accurate and reproducible results when used in a randomized and blinded fashion providing continued validity evidence for this tool in the evaluation of surgical competence in the trainees.
Dietary patterns of adolescents in Germany - Associations with nutrient intake and other health related lifestyle characteristics

The aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns among a representative sample of German adolescents and their associations with energy and nutrient intake, socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics, and overweight status.In the analysis, data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents were used. The survey included a comprehensive dietary history interview conducted among 1272 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. Dietary patterns were determined with principal component analysis (PCA) based on 48 food groups, for boys and girls separately.Three dietary patterns among boys and two among girls were identified. Among boys, high adherence to the 'western' pattern was associated with higher age, lower socioeconomic status (SES), and lower physical activity level (PA). High adherence to the 'healthy' pattern among boys, but not among girls, was associated with higher SES, and higher PA. Among boys, high adherence to the 'traditional' pattern was associated with higher age. Among girls, high adherence to the 'traditional and western' pattern was associated with lower age, lower SES and more hours watching TV per day. The nutrient density of several vitamins and minerals, particularly of B-vitamins and calcium, increased with increasing scores of the 'healthy' pattern among both sexes. Conversely, with increasing scores of the 'western' pattern among boys, most nutrient densities decreased, particularly of fibre, beta-carotene, vitamin D, biotin and calcium. Among girls with higher scores of the 'traditional and western' pattern, nutrient densities of vitamin A, C, E, K and folate decreased. Among boys, high adherence to the 'traditional' pattern was correlated with higher densities of vitamin B12 and vitamin D and lower densities of fibre, magnesium and iron. No significant associations between dietary patterns and overweight were found.Higher scores for dietary patterns characterized by higher consumption of take away food, meat, confectionary and soft drinks ('western' and 'traditional and western') were found particularly among 16- to 17-years old boys and among adolescents with lower SES. These patterns were also associated with higher energy density, higher percent of energy from unsaturated fatty acids and lower percent of energy from carbohydrates as well as lower nutrient densities of several vitamins and minerals. Therefore, nutritional interventions should try to focus more on adolescents with lower SES and boys in general.
Neurocognitive mechanisms of inhibitory control training and transfer effects in children

Inhibitory control refers to the ability to control behavioural impulses and is critical for cognitive development. It has been traditionally thought of as a stable trait across the lifespan but recent insights from cognitive neuroscience show prolonged changes in brain regions that support inhibitory control indicating greater malleability than previously believed. Because childhood inhibitory control predicts well-being later in life this suggests exciting opportunities for enhancing inhibitory control. I build on highly promising pilot results and draw on a recent neurocognitive model of inhibitory control to test 1) if inhibitory control can be enhanced during childhood, 2) if this transfers onto other domains important for healthy psychological development such as prosocial- and patient decision-making and academic achievement and 3) which factors predict training success. Children aged 5 to 10 years will undergo 8 weeks of inhibitory control training, which is a critical duration for observing prolonged training effects and be compared to a group undergoing active sham-training of comparable stimuli and duration but without inhibition. I will assess training effects on the brain and look at transfer effects onto other domains such as other executive functions, prosocial- and patient decision-making and academic achievement, both immediately and 1 year after training. I expect training to 1) improve inhibitory control, 2) transfer onto performance on above-mentioned domains and 3) elicit neural changes indicating the effectiveness of training for re- and proactive control. I also expect that individual differences in inhibitory control ability and associated brain regions prior to training will predict training success. The proposed research has the potential to generate a new and ground-breaking framework on early malleability of inhibitory control with implications for interventions at the time point of greatest likely impact.
Jaime L. Bohl, M.D.

Dr. Jaime L. Bohl is an Assistant Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine and a Colon and Rectal Surgeon at Wake Forest Baptist Health in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Jaime was born in Rockville, Connecticut. She grew up in the suburbs of Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. Bohl graduated from Duke University in Durham, North Carolina and attended medical school at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia. She completed her general surgery residency at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee and her colorectal surgery training at the Lahey Clinic in Burlington, Massachusetts. After this, she joined the Ochsner Clinic Foundation as a Staff Colon and Rectal Surgeon in the Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery in New Orleans, Louisiana. In 2011, she was recruited to her present position.

Dr. Bohl is a rising star in the area of hereditary colorectal cancer. She conducts research in this area and actively participates in forums and committees on a national level to improve our knowledge and management of these challenging patients. In addition to managing many patients with hereditary colorectal cancer, Dr. Bohl maintains a busy clinical colorectal surgery practice in a university setting; she also teaches and interacts with medical students and residents daily.

In addition to her research efforts, Dr. Bohl has published four book chapters and over four peer-reviewed articles. These include several contributions to Clinics. Dr. Bohl is a fellow of the American College of Surgeons. She serves on several committees and is a member of multiple specialty societies. She is Board Certified in General Surgery and Colon and Rectal Surgery and is also listed in Best Doctors in America.

Jaime lives in Winston-Salem with her husband Nick. When not working, she enjoys running and participating in international medical missions.

On behalf of the readers of Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery, the Editorial Board thanks Dr. Bohl for serving as Guest Editor and for providing an important issue on hereditary colon and rectal cancer.
Developing an ABM-driven Decision Support System in the Emergency Services

The research presented here outlines an application of Agent-Based Modelling (ABM) used to support strategic decision-making in the emergency services. Here the resulting ABM-driven Decision Support System (DSS) (called âPremonitionâ) is designed to help practitioners engage with a complex and dynamic environment of co-evolving fire risk behaviours through time. Social change is presented here as a process by which behaviours co-evolve within connected networks of agents. ABM is identified as a beneficial approach to simulate changing household behaviours and the influence of social networks, environmental factors, and also fire service interventions within the Sheffield City region, UK. This project seeks to develop a DSS which supports the stages of âintelligenceâ, âdesignâ, and âchoiceâ as the decision-maker moves from identifying problem areas, establishing possible strategies for intervention, and predicting possible outcomes of alternative courses of action.