SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Characterizing Soil-Pipe Networks with Pseudo-Three-Dimensional Resistivity Tomography on Forested Hillslopes with Restrictive Horizons

Soil pipes are important hillslope–hydrology features affecting mechanistic processes such as subsurface drainage, streamflow, erosion, hillslope stability, and discharge response to rain fall and snow melt. However, the limited capacity to characterize these pathways in situ remains a major limitation for process-based understanding and incorporation into coupled hydrologic models. The goal of this study was to investigate the use of pseudo-three-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) as a field method for characterizing soil–pipe spatial distribution and connectivity on a forested hillslope with a specific interest in detecting the formation of soil pipes from root decay and combustion. We conducted detailed ERT surveys on three 6.12- by 6.12-m plots before and after a prescribed burn located on a 2-ha clearcut of coniferous forest underlain by a fragipan. Excavation following the ERT measurements showed that soil pipes were mostly empty with 86% containing <25% decaying root matter. The mean diameter of pipes was 4.3 cm with a mean length of 1.6 m. Such empty pipes would resolve as elongated high-electrical resistivity features. However, a high resistivity layer corresponding to the Bw and BE soil horizons overlaying a fragipan was observed on all plots with the majority of soil pipes larger than 1 cm diameter occurring within these horizons. The lack of observable contrast between pipes and the high resistivity layer as well as reduced data coverage within the vicinity of large soil pipes may have limited our ability to effectively characterize soil pipes occurring within these hillslopes. We conclude that the use of ERT surveys to detect large macropores pathways may be more suitable to settings where soil pipes are not occurring within high restrictive layers.
Probing chemical dynamics at surfaces with ultrafast atom pulses

Ultra-short light pulses have become invaluable in time-resolved studies in chemistry and physics. But many important processes are initiated by collisions. While lasers have revolutionized experiments using light pulses, experimentally proven concepts for producing ultra-short pulses of neutral matter are still in their infancy. Hence, our ability to control when a collision occurs is still extremely limited. Recently, we have reported bunch-compression photolysis, the first demonstrated method for producing ultra-short pulses of neutral matter. Here, photolysis of jet-cooled hydrogen iodide is carried out with femto-second laser pulses whose frequency bandwidth has been spatially ordered. Thus, fast H-atom photoproducts overtake slow ones, producing an ultra-short pulse.The central objective of this project is to develop bunch-compression photolysis as a tool for ultrafast timing experiments involving collisions of ultrashort pulses of H-atoms at synchronously photo-excited solid surfaces. Bunch-compression photolysis allows collisions at a surface to be synchronized with photoexcitation on the ps time scale, opening up new ways to study the dynamics of collisions at selectively photo-excited surfaces that have not yet relaxed. Studies on collision dynamics involving excitons produced in 2D semiconductors is one exciting direction for this work. Experiments on synchronized H atom collisions with vibrationally excited surfaces prepared by infrared photoexcitation is another - this enables kinetics experiments with surface site-specificity as well as the direct observation of reaction intermediates. The work and ideas presented here show how to overcome the most challenging barrier to a new class of time-resolved dynamics experiments, opening new frontiers in the study of surface chemistry, where we will begin to understand how selected degrees of freedom of the solid influence collision dynamics and reaction rates.
Innovative Tools to increAse Competitiveness and sustainability of small pelagic fisheries

ITACA tackles the competitiveness of Adriatic fisheries sector, fostering the introduction of blue innovation and improving the sustainability of catch activities. ITACA focuses on small pelagic (SP) fisheries, meaning the fishing activities targeted on two main ichthyic species: anchovy and sardine that represent a significant share of income for the sector in the Adriatic. ITACA project contributes factually to the growth of the SP fisheries sector setting up (WP3), testing in 7 pilot regions (WP4) and fostering the large scale application (WP5) of innovative SMEs oriented tools to increase the competiveness of SP fisheries, together with establishing a SP fisheries enterprises cluster for a co-management of Adriatic ichthyic resources oriented to sustainability._x000D_
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Information added on 2020-05-18, regarding the mitigation of the effects of COVID-19 (the coronavirus pandemic that started in 2019) (English language only): The ITACA project is developing a predictive software tool capable of supporting fishermen in planning daily catching activities in order to improve operational effectiveness and market orientation. These tools can include scenario like COVID and propose solution for the fishing volume, in addition cluster of the operators can manage more easily all the stop and go caused by future pandemia on fishing.
A Critical Review on PLA-Algae Composite: Chemistry, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties

The traditional polyester and synthetic polymer materials are imposing a boundless threat to our environment; by contrast, bio-based and biodegradable plastic material is offering a great solution to overcome this detrimental effect of conventional plastics. However, to protect our ecosystem by utilizing marine waste like algae as a polymer material is another approach and getting attention to the scientific community. This study investigates the comprehensive understanding of using biodegradable nonwoven composite made of polylactic acid (PLA) and marine waste algae. This review also finds the potential compatibility of using PLA and algae as a nonwoven composite to substitute the non-degradable synthetic polymers. Moreover, this current study explores the extent to which the adhesion between filler(algae) and matrix (PLA) in bioplastic composite can be used for the end-uses purposes, and inspects the underlying factors related to thermal and mechanical properties of PLA-algae nonwoven composite. Future research needs to quantify the adhesion (between filler and matrix) as well as advance characterizations of this potential biodegradable nonwoven composite.
Innocent children or security threats? european children born of war

How can we ensure that children born of war do not pay for the sins of their parents? Political debates about how to address the plight of children born of foreign fighters to ISIS/Daesh make this an acute concern in Europe today. The European debates are polarized; some argue that socialization of these children will transform them into the next generation of terrorists, while others argue that they must be assumed innocent with rights to citizenship in European countries and state protection. How might we understand, respond, and address the needs and rights of these children raises the fundamental question of how we understand children of the enemy, as innocent individuals or security threats? Further, it is important not to repeat previous historical mistakes. By learning from the past, we can ensure that we will not need to issue apologies for wrongdoings in the future. After World War II, children conceived by enemy soldiers experienced shaming, harassment and isolation. We know that some of the children conceived through conflict related sexual violence during the Bosnian war of 1992-1995, were rejected and adopted, whereas some remained with their mothers under difficult circumstances. These war children were long silenced, but with time, they have formed vocal groups who argue for the right to be seen, heard, and recognized. Their core message is that the sins of their parents are not theirs to bear; they are not the enemy. EuroWARCHILD develops methodological innovation and combines theory development, life history interviews and text analyses to investigate how a child born of war can become a security concern, and what it entails for the child who does. This project is the first to comprehensively examine different groups of war children in the European context; across different conflicts, security settings and generations. EuroWARCHILD will affect policy development and increase attention to children born of war in many European countries, and beyond.
Dynamics of femtosecond laser ablation of trapped dielectric and metallic nanoparticles

During the last decades the use of pulsed lasers has been increasingly exploited for many applications in research, industry and healthcare via cutting, removing or depositing material. What many of these processes have in common is that so much energy is deposited in the target that its optical properties change during an individual laser pulse. Moreover, in applications like EUV generation and pulsed laser deposition, the optical properties of the ejected particles become spatially inhomogeneous. Thus, to predict/optimize the energy deposition, one needs to understand the complex interplay between the laser and the dynamically and spatially changing material properties. 
The ADMEP project aims to theoretically and experimentally study the dynamics of the material properties in nano- to micro-scale particles upon irradiation with fs-laser pulses. In order to theoretically model the absorption of light, the spatial inhomogeneity must be taken into account by performing finite-difference time-domain simulations in which the optical properties are dynamically updated each time step. To isolate the effects of the dynamics of the carrier density and temperature from the ones of their spatial inhomogeneity, experiments on trapped small spherical nanoparticles will be carried out. For small enough spheres, the transient material properties can be assumed to be homogeneous over their size. Afterwards, the laser interaction with larger and non-spherical particles will be studied. Finally, the aftermath (expansion of e- plasma, melting and ablation) will be investigated via fs-resolved microscopy both at the host and secondment facilities. These findings will find their way through a network consisting of researchers at the secondment (ARCNL, ASML) and at the University of Twente.
The theoretical and experimental experience, combined with working with a private/public partnership will prepare the candidate for a career as a group leader in basic and applied research.
Implementation of innovations in BIO FRESH Ltd.

Bio FRESH Ltd. is a cosmetics manufacturing company, established in 2000. The company has launched many series of cosmetic products on the market and currently the range offered under the Biofresh brand exceeds 450 products. Our best-selling products are based on specific Bulgarian ingredients, and the company invests significant resources in the development of innovations in this area. For the realisation of this diverse production BIO FRESH Ltd. has its own production base over 20 decares and a developed distribution network, both in Bulgaria and abroad. The planned activities of the project include the implementation of product innovation through acquisition of new equipment for the production of an innovative product and its market realisation — a multicomponent cosmetic product hair dye with Bulgarian rose oil and stem cells, which is its own development of Biofresh. Several innovative ingredients are intended to be incorporated into the multi-component cosmetic product: PHYTOCELLTEC ARGAN — Argan stem cell extract, TOTAL ROSE RECOVERY COMPLEX-combination of rose oil, rose water, BIOLIQUEFIED BULGARIAN ROSE (Bulgarian rose extract), obtained by patented enzyme-based technology-MOLECULAR BIOLIQUEFACTION® TECHNOLOGY.The project falls within the priority thematic areas, based on the regional specialisation laid down in the ESIS, namely “Healthy Lifestyle and Biotechnology”.The investments under the project are related to the diversification of the production of an establishment with products that have not been produced so far at the farm, and it is envisaged that, as a result of the planned activities in the newly built factory of the company, innovative hair dye will be produced. Besides activities for the acquisition of new equipment leading to the marketing of the innovative product, appropriate publicity and information measures are foreseen in accordance with the rules of Annex XII of Regulation (EU) No 1303/2013.
The Impacts of Joint Energy and Output Prices Uncertainties in a Mean-Variance Framework

In this paper, we analyze the impacts of joint energy and output prices uncertainties on the inputs demands in a mean-variance framework. We find that the concepts of elasticities and variance vulnerability play important roles in the comparative statics analysis. If the firms’ preferences exhibit variance vulnerability, increasing the variance of energy price will necessarily cause the risk averse firm to decrease the demands for the non-risky inputs. Further, we investigate two special cases with only uncertain energy price and only uncertain output price. In the case with only uncertain energy price, we find that the uncertain energy price has no impact on the demands for the non-risky inputs. Besides, if the firms’ preferences exhibit variance vulnerability, increasing the variance of energy price will surely cause the risk averse firm to decrease the demand for energy.
Informed selection of future climates

Abstract Analysis of climate change is often computationally burdensome. Here, we present an approach for intelligently selecting a sample of climates from a population of 6800 climates designed to represent the full distribution of likely climate outcomes out to 2050 for the Zambeze River Valley. Philosophically, our approach draws upon information theory. Technically, our approach draws upon the numerical integration literature and recent applications of Gaussian quadrature sampling. In our approach, future climates in the Zambeze River Valley are summarized in 12 variables. Weighted Gaussian quadrature samples containing approximately 400 climates are then obtained using the information from these 12 variables. Specifically, the moments of the 12 summary variables in the samples, out to order three, are obliged to equal (or be close to) the moments of the population of 6800 climates. Runoff in the Zambeze River Valley is then estimated for 2026 to 2050 using the CliRun model for all 6800 climates. It is then straightforward to compare the properties of various subsamples. Based on a root of mean square error (RMSE) criteria, the Gaussian quadrature samples substantially outperform random samples of the same size in the prediction of annual average runoff from 2026 to 2050. Relative to random samples, Gaussian quadrature samples tend to perform best when climate change effects are stronger. We conclude that, when properly employed, Gaussian quadrature samples provide an efficient and tractable way to treat climate uncertainty in biophysical and economic models.
Financial Management of INTERREG projects

Problems addressed
• General: focus on project management with an accent on financial management; problems are in general; inadequate information flows, inexperienced partners, risks and fears, liquidity problems (all problems here relate to implementation of INTERREG projects);
• Finance & Control: unclarity about eligibility of costs, cash flow management, decommittment;
• Transnationality: language barriers, complex EU regulations, differences in national legal and administrative structures.
Objectives
• Overall objective is to improve the (financial) management of current and future INTERREG projects, with a combined focus on current projects and a more strategic focus on future projects and programmes for the coming Structural Funds period;
• Problem survey and problem analysis (elaborating on the projects mentioned above);
• Providing solutions, best practices and practical tools; making these available to the widest possible audience.
Approach and methodology
• Practical approach, targeted at workable practical solutions and best practices
• In full compliance with focus a) as stated in the INTERACT programme complement
• Open for all interested organisations
A holistic water ecosystem for digitisation of urban water sector

NAIADES Ecosystem envisions transforming water sector through automated and smarter water resource  management and environmental monitoring, achieving a high level of water services in both residential or commercial consumers, exploiting the efficient use of physical and digital components of water ecosystem. NAIADES will apply in various situations on diverse big data in terms of sources, data types, and entities represented that is collected by such water monitoring and control systems in Europe, including (i) the water consumption in both retail and corporation efficiency, (ii) the confidence of water consumers (including special groups as ageing, disabled persons and children), by measuring the water quality in residential buildings, offices and public infrastructures (mall, hospital), (iii) the safety and reliability through the detection of warning signs from equipment failures and maintenance report, and (iv) personalized persuasive feedback and recommendation services provided to the NAIADES App Users aiming to enhance public awareness on water consumption and usage savings, and promote user engagement in water conservation activities. NAIADES AI elements, aim to provide multidimensional intelligence on the water ecosystem by introducing: Situational Intelligence - by collecting real-time data from the buildings as they are in operation and analysing it in three different dimensions; Spatial, Temporal and Nodal; Operational intelligence - by using the power of data and its capability to extract the right information at the right time to provide insight into water infrastructure operation and improve the effectiveness of maintenance activities; Asset intelligence: the continuous data streams produced from various sub-systems in buildings will help OEMs build digital twins that represent physical systems in real-time. NAIADES ecosystem will be validated and demostrated in three heterogeneous pilot sites.
Assessment of Cd, Cr and Pb Pollution in Sediment and Water of Gheshlagh River, Iran, in September 2013

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the pollution levels of surface water with heavy metals including Pb, Cd and Cr in Gheshlagh River, western Iran. Methods: Water and sediment were sampled in five monitoring stations with three replicates in time along the river. The concentration of Cr, Pb and Cd in both water and sediment samples were measured with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (Australia, Varian 220). The Geoaccumulation Index and Pollution Load Index were employed to assess the pollution level of sediments with heavy metals. Results: The mean value of Cd, Cr, Pb in sediment samples were 0.69, 17.19 and 10.69 μgg per dry weight, respectively. Water samples contained Cd, Cr and Pb concentration of 1.99, 1.45 and 12.92 μgL, respectively. The Geoaccumulation Index and Pollution Load Index indicates that the sediments were not polluted with Pb and Cr, and unpolluted to moderately contaminated with Cd in Gheshlagh River. Conclusion: This study concludes that the Gheshlagh River is threatened by heavy metals particularly Cd and Pb.
Temperature effects on growth configurations for Al-Mg bimetallic nanoparticles

Abstract The growth of Al atoms on a Mg hexahedral cluster with 587 atoms within the temperature range of 50–550 K is studied by using molecular dynamics and embedded atom method. The energy barriers of typical diffusion processes of Al atoms on Mg clusters are calculated using nudged elastic band method. Radial distribution function is utilized to analyze the growth process. Simulation results demonstrate the temperature dependence of the shape-controlled growth of the bimetallic cluster. The deposited Al atoms are arranged in a hexahedral structure at lower temperature, and a better Mg-core/Al-shell cluster with a nearly spherical structure is obtained at 150 K. As the simulated temperature increases, more and more Al adatoms enter the Mg core, and alloying in the clusters become more apparent.
RECOGNITION METHOD OF KERF

A recognition method of a kerf includes a bonding step of bonding a workpiece to a dicing tape greater in size than the workpiece, a pre-machining imaging step of imaging an optimal region of the dicing tape where the workpiece is not bonded, a kerf forming step of forming a kerf in the optimal region by a cutting machine, a post-machining imaging step of imaging the optimal region with the kerf formed therein, and a recognition step of comparing intensities of light received at each two corresponding pixels in respective images of the optimal region as acquired by the pre-machining imaging step and the post-machining imaging step, subtracting the each two pixels where intensities of received light are the same, and recognizing as the kerf a region formed by the remaining pixels.
CONDUCTING WALLPAPER

A wallpaper (1) for contacting an electrical device (2), which is attachable to a wall (3), preferably attachable to any kind of room walls or ceiling or flooring of a building, whereas the wallpaper (1) comprises a plurality of conductive stripes (4), and whereas the electrical device (2) features contact pins (5) in order to contact the conductive stripes (4), characterised in that the conductive stripes (4) feature a certain stripe pitch (6) and the pins (5) feature a certain pin pitch (7), whereas different conductive stripes (4) feature different voltages in order to match the contact voltage of the contact pins (5) due to the contacting of different conductive stripes (4) basing on the certain pitches (6, 7) by placing the electrical device (2) in different positions.
Maternal attitudes towards tooth decay in children aged 12–18 months in Pelotas, Brazil

This was to assess mothers' attitudes towards dental caries in children aged 12-18 months.This study targeted mothers of children aged 12-18 months. Data about demographic and socioeconomic status were collected by interviews with each mother. In addition, the mother was asked about her attitudes regarding caries in her child's primary teeth. A dental examination of each child was also conducted. Chi-square, bivariate, and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed.A total of 262 mother-child pairs were included, and 18.7 % of the children had dental caries. If a child presented with dental caries in their primary teeth, 93.5 % of the mothers reported that they would take the child to a dentist. Mothers who had only one child and those who had children with dental caries were more likely to report that they did not expect primary dental caries treatment by the dentist.Most mothers reported that they would take their children to a dentist when they presented with dental caries. Despite this positive result, educational measures should continue to be emphasised, especially among mothers of children at a higher risk of caries and among first-time mothers.