SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Climatic controls on erosion rates and  relief of mountain belts

Quantifying the feedbacks between tectonic processes in the lithosphere and climatic processes in the atmosphere is an overarching goal in Earth-Systems research, as it underpins our ability to differentiate natural from anthropogenic climate forcing. Long-term cooling during the Cenozoic has been linked to the growth of mountain belts, which enhanced erosion, chemical weathering, organic-carbon burial and drawdown of atmospheric CO2. Conversely, it has been proposed that the cooler and more variable climate of the late Cenozoic led to increased topographic relief and erosion. This latter coupling, however, has not been decisively demonstrated and remains highly controversial. Advancing our understanding of these couplings requires the development of tools that record erosion rates and relief changes with higher spatial and temporal resolution than the current state-of-the-art, and integrating the newly obtained data into next-generation numerical models that link observed erosion-rate and relief histories to potential driving mechanisms. The project COOLER shoulders this task. We will: (1) develop new high-resolution thermochronology by setting up a world-leading 4He/3He laboratory; (2) develop numerical modelling tools that incorporate the latest insights in kinetics of thermochronological systems and make sample-specific predictions; (3) couple these tools to glacial landscape-evolution models, enabling modelling of real landscapes with real thermochronology data as constraints; and (4) study potential feedbacks between glacial erosion and tectonic deformation in carefully selected field areas. The new high-resolution data will be integrated and extrapolated to quantitatively assess the impact of late Cenozoic climate change on erosion rates. Integration and analysis of the data will lead to novel insights into the two-way coupling of glacial erosion and tectonics, as well as latitudinal trends in glacial erosion patterns.
Physiological and pharmacologic aspects of peripheral nerve blocks

A successful peripheral nerve block not only involves a proper technique, but also a thorough knowledge and understanding of the physiology of nerve conduction and pharmacology of local anesthetics (LAs). This article focuses on what happens after the block. Pharmacodynamics of LAs, underlying mechanisms of clinically observable phenomena such as differential blockade, tachyphylaxis, C fiber resistance, tonic and phasic blockade and effect of volume and concentration of LAs. Judicious use of additives along with LAs in peripheral nerve blocks can prolong analgesia. An entirely new group of drugs-neurotoxins has shown potential as local anesthetics. Various methods are available now to prolong the duration of peripheral nerve blocks.
Volatile compound diversity and conserved alarm behaviour in Triatoma dimidiata

Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille) is a key vector complex of Trypanosoma cruzi, etiologic agent of Chagas disease, as it spans North, Central, and South America. Although morphological and genetic studies clearly indicate existence of at least five clades within the species, there has been no robust or systematic revision, or appropriate nomenclature change for species within the complex. Three of the clades (haplogroups) are distributed in Mexico, and recent evidence attests to dispersal of clades across previously "presumed" monotypic geographic regions. Evidence of niche conservatism among sister species of this complex suggests that geographic dispersal is possible for non-sympatric populations, although no information is available on the behavioural aspects of potential interclade interactions, for instance whether differentiation of chemical signaling or response to these signals could impede communication among the haplogroups.Volatiles emitted by disturbed bugs, Brindley's (BGs), and metasternal (MGs) glands were identified using solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) and gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Volatile compounds emitted by BGs and MGs, and those secreted by disturbed nymphs and adults, of the three Mexican T. dimidiata haplogroups were tested for avoidance behaviour by conspecific nymphs and adults using an olfactometer.Triatoma dimidiata haplogroups all have three age-related alarm responses: absence of response by early stage nymphs, stage-specific response by 4-5th stage nymphs, and a shared 4-5th nymph and adult response to adult compounds. Disturbed bugs released 15 to 24 compounds depending on the haplogroup, among which were three pyrazines, the first report of these organoleptics in Triatominae. Isobutyric acid from BGs was the most abundant molecule in the response in all haplogroups, in addition to 15 (h1) to 21 (h2 and h3) MG compounds. Avoidance behaviour of disturbed bugs and volatiles emitted by BGs were haplogroup specific, while those from the MG were not.Discriminant and cluster analysis of BG + MG compounds indicate significant separation among the three haplogroups, while alarm response compounds were similar between h2 and h3, both distinct from h1. This latter haplogroup is ancestral phylogenetically to the other two. Our results suggest that alarm responses are a conserved behaviour in the Triatoma dimidiata complex.
Transforming european women’s entrepreneurship:  the education and training for success programme

The objective of the women entrepreneurs project is to set up and strengthen international and inter-sectoral collaboration in the research field of competence development in young women entrepreneurs and to promote women’s entrepreneurial potential in Europe. 
The scientific goal is to get a better understanding of the fundamental entrepreneurial competences and to develop an educational programme to enhance the ratio of successful young women entrepreneurs across Europe. This requires academic and non-academic collaborations and the sharing of knowledge from different areas, e.g. the assessment of essential supporting competences for successful entrepreneurship, the design and provision of the educational programme, and evaluation. The partners will build a robust network covering all research areas and perfectly complement their associated expertise. 
women entrepreneurs is divided into five work packages (including the work packages of project management and exploitation, dissemination and outreach activities) that will guarantee the establishment of a sustainable long-lasting network. The research objectives range from an analysis of the competences of women entrepreneurs across Europe to the design and provision of a programme that facilitates the entrepreneurial competences and the development of a learning transfer framework. Through participation in events (besides scientific conferences also Researchers Night or Girls Day), the project objectives will be transformed not only into the scientific network, but also further communicated to the general public. women entrepreneurs bears a potential for the commerzialisation of innovations, building upon an exploitation plan. Moreover, the non-academic partners represent characteristic lead users of the project outcomes.
We believe we can significantly contribute to the EU Entrepreneurship 2020 Action Plan, with the proposed collaborations and activities strengthening the sharing of knowledge in Europe.
Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics

Tribocharging, i.e. charge transfer during contact, is a fundamental effect of widespread importance, yet we do not understand it. For insulators, even the most basic questions are open: What are the charge carriers? How do they bind to a surface? What drives them between surfaces? 
The aim of this proposal is to establish the mechanism of insulator tribocharging. Building on my work to develop new experiments and test existing models, we will use a multi-scale approach to find the origin of this effect. We will address the apparent homogeneous macrophysics, through the stochastic signatures at the mesoscale, and down to individual charges at the microscale. Throughout, we will perform crucial tests for the promising ‘water island’ hypothesis.
The project consists of 3 experimental work packages:
WP1: At the macroscale, we will use atomic layer deposition on polymers to create clean contacts with oxides. We will compare charge transfer with measurements of water surface coverage to test the water island model.  
WP2: At the mesoscale, we will use acoustic levitation to measure the charge of particles colliding with a substrate. With unprecedented precision, we will analyze statistics to tease out water’s role as a charge driver vs. discharge driver.
WP3: At the microscale, we will use optical tweezers to watch individual charges jump on and off a microparticle. With sub-electron resolution, we will determine the binding energy to identify the carrier.
Our experiments will be interwoven with a theoretical thread to unify the physics between scales.
Facing a problem that has eluded description for centuries is inherently risky. However, our multi-scale approach has not been attempted, and gives comprehensive solutions to the challenges that have existed. Beyond fundamental relevance, our work will be useful in new technologies, e.g. triboelectric nanogenerators. Understanding tribocharging, though ambitious, promises exceptional scientific and technological rewards.
A novel fast test for antibiotic susceptibility testing for gram positive and gram negative bacteria

In this project, the consortium will develop FAST-bact kits, a breakthrough test method to rapidly determine antibiotic drug susceptibility (AST), which will improve treatment of patients with serious bacterial infections. The current methodology in AST has a turnaround time of at least 24 hours, and up to 48 hours in case of blood cultures, whereas this novel flow cytometry-based test delivers results within 1-2 h. This will enable clinicians to start optimal antibiotic treatment as soon as possible, with a major impact on health and quality of life of patients and on health care costs.
Resistance to antibiotic treatment leads to difficulties in the treatment of patients with bacterial infections. The FAST-bact project will have great impact on treatment of patients with (resistant) bacterial infections; a susceptibility report in useful time will reduce the use of broad spectrum or last line antibiotics. The FAST-bact tests will be marketed to clinical and microbiology diagnostic laboratories, in order to perform fast and accurate AST testing and optimize treatment for these patients. The tests will be marketed as a microplate-based kit, containing panels of antibiotics and compatible probes to determine the effect of the antibiotics, and including a software package for interpretation of results.
The consortium will perform clinical validation of the tests against European and US standard methods. The previously designed decision support software, which allows fast and convenient result delivery, will be finalised and implemented. The technical file for regulatory proceedings will be drafted and large-scale production will be started. A commercialisation and dissemination plan will be drafted for market launch of the FAST-bact tests, first in Europe with expansion to other regions. In addition to these first products, opportunities will be explored to utilize the FAST-bact method for other tests, which will be included in the exploitation plan.
Discovery of correlated optical/X-ray quasi-periodic oscillations in black hole binary SWIFT J1753.5–0127

We report the discovery of the correlated optical/X-ray low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in black hole binary SWIFT J1753.5-0127. The phase lag between two light-curves at the QPO frequency is close to zero. This result puts strong constraints on the nature of the optical emission in this object and on the origin of the QPOs in general. We demonstrate that the QPO signal and the broadband variability can be explained in terms of the hot accretion flow radiating in both optical and X-ray bands. In this model, the QPO appears due to the Lense-Thirring precession of entire flow, while the broadband variability in the optical is produced by two components: the hot flow and the irradiated disc. Using the phase-lag spectra, we put a lower limit on the orbital inclination i>50 deg, which can be used to constrain the mass of the compact object.
Irrigation water saving by replacing the traditional irrigation system by an adjusted regulated deficit irrigation one

At present and more so in the future, irrigated agriculture will take place under water scarcity. Insufficient water supply for irrigation will be the norm rather than the exception, and irrigation management will shift from emphasizing production per unit area towards maximizing the production per unit of water consumed, the water productivity.
To cope with scarce supplies, Galpagro has developed and tested a Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) protocol for the olive plant using the Scholander pressure chamber as a tool for estimating the plant tissues water potential. Thanks to our RDI irrigation system, the water restriction is limited to drought-tolerant stages, often the vegetative stages and the late ripening period. So, it makes possible the reduction of spent water up to 40 % without prejudicing the production and the quality of fruits. Furthermore, to enhance this novel irrigation system, we need to develop a continuous measurement sensor which will be able to replace the Scholander pressure chamber (discontinuous method). This sensor will make easier and more efficient the implementation of RDI protocol in olive tree and latter to other crops, and also, will reduce the overall costs. To date, there don’t exist in the market any method or sensor able to estimate in continuous the olive trunk water potential, which would make possible the integration of our RDI protocol immediately to the market. In this regard, Galpagro is collaborating with other specialized companies to develop the continuous-online sensor. 
Our target customers will be the individual farmers of any size and/or cooperatives who are willing to pay for a differentiate and effective irrigation system which will reduce them irrigation costs (water quantity), without prejudicing the production and fruit quality.
This Feasibility Study’s goal is to deepen in those critical points to assess the economic, technical and commercial viability of HydSOS, to tackle this challenge for us to scale-up.
RESPIRATORY VOLUME/FLOW GATING, MONITORING, AND SPIROMETRY SYSTEM FOR MRI

A respiratory volume/flow monitoring system, including a pneumotach that measures micromovements of a membrane in a MRI environment, gates (triggers) a MRI machine to start image acquisition at specific lung volumes or airflow rates during the breathing cycle or other breathing maneuvers of a patient. The system provides breathing motion artifact suppression for any imaging test susceptible to breathing motion artifact, allows respiratory monitoring of the subject during an MRI procedure, and provides the capability to perform spirometric testing while the subject is in the MRI environment. The preferred embodiments of this invention are also applicable for patients undergoing CT imaging or any other imaging modality that allows external triggering.
Compositional analysis and pollution impact assessment: A case study in the Gulfs of Naples and Salerno

Abstract This paper presents the results of an environmental geochemical investigation of the Gulfs of Naples and Salerno, near the Campania plain (Southern Italy). Surface marine sediment samples were collected during three field campaigns: 96 from the Gulfs of Naples and Salerno (NaSa); 123 from the Bagnoli site coastal area (BaSi); and 11 from the ports around the Gulf of Naples (PoNa). Elemental concentrations were determined and their interpolated distribution maps were compiled. Three geochemical sources (or processes) were determined associating elemental distribution with the results obtained from a R-mode factor analysis: 1) geogenic, 2) water kinetics and 3) anthropogenic. The results are presented as raw data single element distributions of eight potential toxic elements (PTEs) (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Ni and Zn) in the forms of raw data and additive log-ratio transformed data. The latter showed advantages in revealing the actual distribution patterns. Geochemical background reference values of PTEs were determined from the median value of local background reference values. Based on these values, pollution impact analysis was carried out to both BaSi and PoNa samples, indicating most of BaSi and PoNa sediments were affected by moderate to strong Pb, Zn, Cd and Hg pollution. An ecological risk assessment was subsequently carried out on the entire database, pointing a toxic risk ranking in the order Pb > As > Ni > Cd > Hg > Cr.
« Breque dos Apps » : La grève nationale des travailleurs des plateformes au Brésil durant la pandémie de Covid-19 et le droit à la liberté d’association

La précarité des conditions de travail, la baisse des rémunérations et la forte exposition au Covid-19 sont à l'origine de réactions collectives des coursiers des plateformes numériques au Brésil.Ces travailleurs sont à l'origine d'un mouvement spontané baptisé « Breque dos Apps » (Coup de frein aux Apps), la première grève nationale du secteur.Cet article analyse dans quelle mesure l'action collective et la liberté d'association s'avèrent essentielles pour imposer des conditions de travail décentes par la négociation collective.
Um olhar para a avaliação matemática: passado, presente na pandemia e futuro pós-pandêmico

O objetivo do artigo é resgatar o passado, descrever o presente e traçar algumas perspectivas futuras a partir dos olhares e das experiências de dois educadores matemáticos engajados na prática da avaliação da aprendizagem matemática com o viés da inclusão. São descritos cenários pré-pandemia, na pandemia e no início do pós-pandemia, buscando evidenciar a importância da avaliação que reduza as formas de exclusão social e escolar que ficaram evidentes no período da pandemia da Covid-19 no Brasil e no mundo. Infere-se que a avaliação matemática deve permear as práticas docentes numa nova realidade com salas de aula híbridas e com novas possibilidades de aprendizagem online e semipresencial, a partir do uso de novos instrumentos e tecnologias que auxiliem o professor e os estudantes.
Viewgas – patented gas vision system for a safe and fast detection of gas leaks

Gas leaks detectors are often part of an emergency shutdown system (ESD), where the detector can interface a control system and automatically shut down a process in case of a leak. A reliable ESD is an absolute necessity to minimize the potentially catastrophic consequences of a gas leakage. For the ESD, a high safety integrity level (SIL) is needed. Conventional point and line detectors are SIL certified. However, these systems have several shortcomings (detection depends on meteorological conditions; coverage is limited to a specific point or a line; don’t operate in real-time; are not able to identify the source of the leakage; can respond and elicit false alarms due to the presence of dust or water vapor), which together have propelled the emergence of Optical Gas Imaging (OGI). Still, today, none of the existing OGI systems are SIL certified, which hinders their integration with operators’ ESDs. Gas Optics (GO) aims to address this unmet need by commercializing the first and only SIL-graded OGI system with its patented GVS technology. GVS represents a gamechanger for natural gas leak detection as it allows an invisible gas leak to be immediately pinpointed and evaluated. The unique value proposition is achieved by using GO`s proprietary technology (gas correlation) as a principle of measurement – proven to be the most sensitive and reliable way to recognize gasses (key advantage over existing OGI technologies to SIL approval). GVS provides substantially better area coverage, presenting intuitive, real-time pictures of gas leaks. To ensure SIL certification and successful commercialization, GO needs to conduct all the activities required to meet SIL requirements, and to carry out large field trials for technology demonstration and validation. These comprise the innovation project objectives. If successfully achieving the objectives, GO will position as a leading supplier of OGI systems, with anticipated cumulated net profits of €30M, 5 years post-project.
Non-Biased fluorescent dyes as markers of drugs for optical in cellulo and in vivo imaging

Imaging of distribution of drugs in mice delivers accurate information for confirmation that the mechanism of action elaborated in cell-based assays is also operative in vivo. These data are critical for the transfer of drug discovery process from pre-clinical to clinical phase. To enable the imaging, drugs should be labeled with easily detectable moieties, e.g. radioactive markers and fluorescent dyes. Ideally, the markers should not affect in vivo properties of the drugs that can be better achieved with radioactive markers, since they can be selected to be small: e.g. a single atom marker 18F applied in positron emission tomography. Despite this intrinsic advantage, PET suffers from safety issues, since radioactivity is harmful to humans and environment. In terms of safety optical imaging is much better and, therefore, in future can replace PET. However, fluorescent dyes compatible with the optical imaging are usually extended pi-systems carrying overall positive or negative charge. Their conjugation strongly affects properties of the majority of medium sized and low molecular weight drugs that limits the applicability of this method in drug discovery. The interdisciplinary and intersectoral consortium NoBiasFluors consisting of 4 academic and 2 industrial teams aims at achieving a breakthrough solution of this problem. We will develop non-biased red and near infrared fluorescent dyes, which are compatible with in vivo optical imaging and do not affect properties of drugs upon their conjugation. This goal will be achieved by the careful optimization of dye structure, polarity and charge. We will confirm the functionality of the developed dyes for labeling of representative drugs (anticancer N-alkylaminoferrocene-based prodrugs, D-peptides targeting Alzheimer’s disease) and binders of biomolecules (nucleopeptides and lectins) and monitoring their distribution both in cellulo and in vivo (for a selected labeled drug).