SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Recovering Keynesian Phillips curve theory: hysteresis of ideas and the natural rate of unemployment

Economic theory is prone to hysteresis. Once an idea is adopted, it is difficult to change. In the 1970s, the economics profession abandoned the Keynesian Phillips curve and adopted Milton Friedman's natural rate of unemployment (NRU) hypothesis. The shift was facilitated by a series of lucky breaks. Despite much evidence against the NRU, and much evidence and theoretical argument supportive of the Keynesian Phillips curve, the NRU hypothesis remains ascendant. The hypothesis has had an enormous impact on macroeconomic theory and policy. 2018 is the 50th anniversary of Friedman's introduction of the NRU hypothesis. The anniversary offers an opportunity to challenge rather than celebrate it.
Implications of the Social Web Environment for User Story Education

In recent years, user stories have emerged in academia, as well as industry, as a notable approach for expressing user requirements of interactive software systems that are developed using agile methodologies. There are social aspects inherent to software development, in general, and user stories, in particular. This paper presents directions and means for incorporating the Social Web environment in user story education. In doing so, it proposes a methodology, SW4USE, for such integration. SW4USE consists of a user story process model, USPM, and Social Web technologies/applications that can contribute to the execution of the steps of USPM. A collection of scenarios of use, for both teachers in their classroom lectures and students in their team‑based course projects, are presented, and potential learning outcomes are given. The ephemeral and essential challenges in the realization of SW4USE, particularly those related to quality, are highlighted.
Cultural Consensus Theory: Aggregating Signed Graphs under a Balance Constraint

Cultural Consensus Theory (CCT) consists of cognitive models for aggregating the responses of experts to test questions about some domain of their shared cultural knowledge. This paper proposes a new CCT model for a situation where experts judge the ties in a complete signed graph. New to CCT is that the model imposes a side constraint on the aggregation process that requires that the consensus signed graph satisfy the social network property of structural balance. Balanced signed graphs require that the nodes can be partitioned into two sets with positive ties between nodes in the same set and negative ties between nodes in different sets. While the balance constraint is imposed on the consensus aggregation, it is not assumed that each expert's responses satisfy balance because they may be error-prone or biased. The model is presented in terms of signal detection assumptions that allow heterogeneity in expert ability and item difficulty. Bayesian inference of the model is developed using a specially designed Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampler. It is shown that the sampler can recover parameters from simulated data, and then the model is applied to interpret experimental data. Of particular interest is that the model aggregation reveals a single consensus balanced signed graph with a high posteriori probability despite the fact that none of the experts' responses satisfy the balance constraint.
MULTILAYER, TEMPERATURE RESISTANT, COMPOSITE LABEL

A composite material suitable for labeling a substrate. The composite material, which is preferably a ceramic composite, comprises a fired ceramic body and a layer thereon. The fired ceramic body includes a base layer that comprising a glassy phase and a refractory phase, the glassy phase being capable of wetting a substrate at an application temperature. There is sufficient color contrast between the top layer and the fired ceramic body such that a code pattern (e.g., a bar code) present (or formed) is optically discernible. Methods of making and using the same are also taught.
Palatally displaced maxillary canines: factors influencing duration and cost of treatment

The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the relationship between the initial position of palatally displaced canines (PDCs) on panoramic radiographs and the duration of the orthodontic treatment and further to estimate the costs of the treatment. Data from panoramic radiographs and patient records of 66 consecutive patients (mean age 14.9 ± 1.7 years) with PDC were analysed. The initial position of the canine, the distance between the canine cusp tip and the occlusal plane, and the inclination of the canine were significantly associated with treatment duration both unadjusted and adjusted for background characteristics. The average estimated cost of the treatment of PDC was €3200 per case. The total annual cost for treatment of PDC in Sweden may therefore be estimated at €600,0000. In this study, duration of treatment averaged 17 months for canines displaced in impaction zone 1 or 2, 2.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) -1.0 to 6.2] months longer for those in impaction zone 3, and 7.6 (95% CI 4.1-11.1) months longer for canines displaced in impaction zone 4 or 5. This information makes it easier, through study of the panoramic radiograph, to estimate the duration of treatment and to give patients more precise information about the expected length of their treatment.
Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Localizations Are Important for the Hypersensitive Response Conferred by Maize Autoactive Rp1-D21 Protein

Disease resistance (R) genes have been isolated from many plant species. Most encode nucleotide binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins that trigger a rapid localized programmed cell death called the hypersensitive response (HR) upon pathogen recognition. Despite their structural similarities, different NLR are distributed in a range of subcellular locations, and analogous domains play diverse functional roles. The autoactive maize NLR gene Rp1-D21 derives from an intragenic recombination between two NLR genes, Rp1-D and Rp1-dp2, and confers a HR independent of the presence of a pathogen. Rp1-D21 and its N-terminal coiled coil (CC) domain (CCD21) confer autoactive HR when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. Rp1-D21 was predominantly localized in cytoplasm with a small amount in the nucleus, while CCD21 was localized in both nucleus and cytoplasm. Targeting of Rp1-D21 or CCD21 predominantly to either the nucleus or the cytoplasm abolished HR-inducing activity. Coexpression of Rp1-D21 or CCD21 constructs confined, respectively, to the nucleus and cytoplasm did not rescue full activity, suggesting nucleocytoplasmic movement was important for HR induction. This work emphasizes the diverse structural and subcellular localization requirements for activity found among plant NLR R genes.
THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROJECT IS TO CREATE AN E-COMMERCE PLATFORM THAT GIVES THE COMPANY THE POSSIBILITÂ TO REACH THE WIDEST NUMBER OF CUSTOMERS IN THE SHORTEST POSSIBLE TIME, DEVELOPING PARALLEL ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS ON SOCIAL MEDIA

BAZZUCCHI ENRICO I.I.*THE AIM OF THIS PROJECT IS TO CREATE AN E-COMMERCE PLATFORM THAT GIVES THE COMPANY THE POSSIBILITÂ TO REACH THE LARGEST NUMBER OF CUSTOMERS IN THE SHORTEST POSSIBLE TIME, DEVELOPING PARALLEL ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS ON SOCIAL NETWORKS*VIA BASTIA, 44
Changing meanings of Kyrgyzstan's nut forests from colonial to post-Soviet times

Discourses shape the perception, conservation and utilisation of natural resources. This can be seen in the case of the globally unique walnut-fruit forests of southern Kyrgyzstan. This article shows the historical change of the discourse on protection and utilisation of these forests from the times of Russian colonialism and Soviet socialism up to present day post-Soviet capitalism. Due to the abundance of these forests, protection concepts were developed long ago with the aim of implementing ‘proper’ utilisations. By applying an interpretative discourse analytical method, the thesis will be proved that historical concepts for forest protection did not arise from the understanding of an intrinsic value of nature as often assumed, but instead were formed by powerful actors through pragmatic arguments to create control systems over this natural resource. Consequently, the present status of the walnut-fruit forests is a result of the interplay of natural processes and anthropogenic interventions. The conflict-laden relation between the current socioeconomic situation of the region and specific patterns of the conservation discourse becoming apparent recently make this article relevant. If the forests' structural significance for local and regional economies is undervalued or ignored, concepts targeting the goal of restoring the forests in a natural state or operating with the basic objective of protecting biodiversity and genetic resources might generate new rivalries and income conflicts. Rather, in view of the long-term human impact, the forests must be understood primarily as a cultural landscape, and consequently the aims, instruments and terminologies of the protection concepts have to be adapted to this understanding and reformulated with the involvement and participation of local stakeholders.
Mara-Based industrial low-cost identification assays

The fast and cost-efficient detection of pathogens is highly important in many sectors such as healthcare, agriculture, and food industry. However, current technologies are limited, and significant advances are required to develop low-cost (<10€) detection assays that can detect a few bacterial cells (<10 cells/ml) within less than one hour. In the FET-Open project MARA, which is the basis for MARILIA, we have developed novel technologies and tools that have a high exploitation potential. Thus, we have initiated the follow-up project MARILIA, which aims to exploit these results and realise a new detection concept for the fast, low-cost identification of human pathogens in water samples. In MARILIA, we will increase the technology readiness level (TRL) of our novel detection concept from TRL 2 to TRL 5. A well-balanced consortium has been established, comprising an applied research institute as coordinator (AIT, coordinated also the MARA project), a university (UZ), a basic research institute (RBI), an SME (D1, acting as business incubator) and a large company (IREN, representing a potential future customer). If the MARILIA detection assay meets the requirements defined by IREN, a start-up will be founded to commercially exploit the innovations in the post-project phase.
METHOD OF CONTROLLING THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT OUTPUT OF A LAMP

The invention describes a method of controlling the colour of the light output of a lamp (1), which method comprises electronically collecting colour data pertaining to a first colour (C<SUB>1</SUB>) to obtain a first colour description (D<SUB>1</SUB>), electronically collecting colour data pertaining to a second colour (C<SUB>2</SUB>) to obtain a second colour description (D<SUB>2</SUB>), and combining the first colour description (D<SUB>1</SUB>) with the second colour description (D<SUB>2</SUB>) to obtain a target colour description (D<SUB>t</SUB>). The target colour description (D<SUB>T</SUB>) is transferred to a control unit (4) of the lamp (1), and the lamp (1) is driven according to the target colour description (D<SUB>t</SUB>) to give a target colour light output. The invention also relates to a system (3) for controlling the colour of the light output of a lamp. Furthermore, the invention relates to a colour data collection device (2) for use in a system (3) for controlling the colour of the light output of a lamp (1), which colour data collection device (2) comprises a colour detector (20) for electronically converting captured light (L<SUB>r</SUB>, L<SUB>sp</SUB>) into colour data pertaining to a colour (C<SUB>1</SUB>, C<SUB>2</SUB>), a conversion unit (21) for translating the colour data pertaining to a colour (C<SUB>1</SUB>, C<SUB>2</SUB>) into a corresponding colour description (D<SUB>1</SUB>, D<SUB>2</SUB>), a combining unit (22) for combining a first colour description (D<SUB>1</SUB>) with a second colour description (D<SUB>2</SUB>) to obtain a target colour description (D<SUB>t</SUB>), and a transfer interface (23) for transferring the target colour description (D<SUB>t</SUB>) to a control unit (4) of the lamp (1).
The mental health of migrant women survivors of intimate partner violence in valencia, spain.

In 2018, over 550,000 foreign migrants were documented as entering Spain. Migrant women are often at increased risk of intimate partner violence (IPV) due to factors such as financial insecurity, a lack of social support and discrimination. A higher prevalence of IPV has been shown among migrant women than native Spanish women and migrants are also at increased risk of depression, anxiety and somatic disorders. The impacts of IPV on women's mental health is well documented, however little is known about the differential effects of IPV on the mental health of women across migrant groups.

Migrants living in Spain come from a diverse range of ethnic, cultural and religious backgrounds, therefore understanding how women from different backgrounds narrate their experiences of violence and its impacts on their physical and mental health is vital for producing culturally sensitive interventions and care. Migrant groups often face barriers to accessing services and care in their host country due to language barriers, a lack of awareness about available services or previous experiences of discrimination. Cultural competency in a healthcare system is therefore important to ensuring migrant survivors of IPV have access to the appropriate care, particularly for their mental health.

The aim of the current proposal is to explore the differential effects of violence on the mental health of women across migrant groups living in Valencia, Spain, using a mixed-methods study with three main areas of focus: the associations between IPV and symptoms of common mental disorders, the differential narratives of violence and mental health experiences among women from different migrant groups and the barriers to accessing mental health care. The proposed research will be conducted with a view to developing a culturally informed intervention to address violence against women in migrant groups and to provide policy recommendations to improve mental health care for migrants living in Spain
European technology and innovation platform for ocean energy

For ocean energy to grow it is essential that all stakeholders provide a unified approach, together. ETIP Ocean will create a platform for such an approach, and will encourage and promote collective development of stakeholder networks. Through transfer of experience and lessons learnt, duplication of effort will be avoided, helping the sector overcome barriers and challenges efficiently.
ETIP Ocean will support the Technology Platform for ocean energy, and assist the EC and Member States in defining research programmes, financial instruments and addressing barriers to the development of the sector. This in turn will provide the SET-Plan with input from a wide range of stakeholders, facilitating development and roll-out of its activities.
ETIP Ocean will create cohesion amongst stakeholders through a series of webinars, interview sessions, surveys, workshops and conferences, specific to the priority needs of the sector. These will be determined at the beginning of the project. The project activities will look at technical and non-technical barriers, with specific focus on technology development, environmental and socio-economic issues, and financial issues affecting the sector. 
Activities will be aligned with events of existing initiatives to maximise the number of participants engaged. These activities will feed into a single integrated strategy report, which will be the result of the work carried out over the project lifetime. The document will present a united vision of the sector and provide recommendations to take the ocean energy industry to commercialisation. In addition to sector specific activities, the project will engage civil society through guest speaker, conference attendance opportunities, and through interactive and downloadable educational materials.  
It is through the engagement with a range of stakeholders that ETIP Ocean will act as a one-stop-shop for the ocean energy sector to create a cohesive approach to identifying and overcoming challenges
Centre of excellence in multifunctional materials for industrial and medical applications

The overall aim of the project is to support the growth of the NOMATEN Centre of Excellence (CoE) in Multifunctional Materials for Industrial and Medical Applications, which was established in Poland in September 2018 and has already secured €37M of funding from the national authorities. The NOMATEN CoE is a partnership between the National Centre for Nuclear Research of Poland and two international partners: the CEA French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd.
The NOMATEN team has a long-term experience in materials science research for the front-line nuclear sector and a unique pool of nuclear research infrastructure. They will be used in the CoE to translate cutting-edge knowledge from nuclear sector to the general industry and healthcare.
The success and long-term sustainability of the NOMATEN CoE will be based on:
- Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda focused on two interdisciplinary topics: (i) novel materials resistant to harsh environments and (ii) novel radiopharmaceuticals for medical applications, which both are aligned with the Smart Specialization of Poland and address strategic priorities of the EU.
- Organization structure positioning the CoE as a “game changing” research entity in Poland with truly international approach and innovative governance and management principles based on the best practices of international partners.
- Customer-centric business model making the CoE a focal point for collaboration between the research community, industry and government and ensuring its financial viability.
Through generation, application and dissemination of breakthrough research and innovation outputs as well as training the next generation of experts, the NOMATEN CoE will improve Poland’s scientific excellence, capabilities and competitiveness, advance its research and innovation culture, and provide long-term opportunities for economic development and societal improvements in Poland and EU.
PROmoting Sustainable development and regional attractiveness through PERi-urban Areas

The EU is acknowledged as one of the most urbanized areas in the world, characterized by a relatively dense urban network consisting mainly of medium sized cities. The trend of urbanisation is increasing and the consequent pressure on peri-urban areas has many impacts at environmental, social and economic level: increasing soil consumption, loss of ecosystem services and reduced resilience towards climate change effects, soil speculation. All this has negative impact on economic activities, public health and life quality.

Tackling natural heritage protection in peri-urban areas becomes crucial to guarantee that natural resources are not compromised by urbanization; nevertheless, natural heritage protection is often seen as a constraint to economic growth, making the two concepts antithetic.

PROSPERA’s overall objective is to improve regional policies on protection and promotion of natural heritage by tackling loss of ecosystem services and improve sustainable development in peri-urban areas threatened by urban-sprawl, with the ultimate aim of preventing biodiversity loss, soil consumption and further degradation of natural assets, by in parallel leveraging on these challenges as a way to favor regional attractiveness and economic sustainable development.

To this end, 7 PPs from 5 EU countries (IT-EL-SE-BE-HU) have agreed on 3 leverages as means for a shift from the traditional perspective seeing urban/rural as a dichotomy to a new perspective, where protection of natural heritage fosters economic development in peri-urban areas:
1. Wise governance.
2. Eco-lo(gi)cal value chains.
3. Sustainable PPP (public-private partnership). 

PROSPERA PPs will identify at least 15 Good Practices from 5 regions and, after a process of interregional learning based on Study Visits and knowledge exchange sessions, they will define Regional Action Plans to improve 5 policy instruments.
Growth of Nanosized Calcite through Gas−Solid Carbonation of Nanosized Portlandite under Anisobaric Conditions

The gas−solid carbonation of nanosized portlandite was experimentally investigated using a static bed reactor under anisobaric conditions. The effects of initial CO2 pressure (10−40 bar), reaction temperature (30 and 60 °C), and relative humidity were investigated. Three steps of the carbonation process were determined: (1) instantaneous CO2 mineralization during CO2 injection period. From 25 to 40 wt % of initial portlandite grains were transformed into calcite during the CO2 injection period (from 0.9 to 2 min). (2) Fast CO2 mineralization after gas injection period ( 95%). For this case, the mineralization of CO2 does not form a protective carbonate layer around the reacting particles of portlandite as typically observed by other gas−solid carbonation methods. This method could be efficiently performed to produce nanosized calcite. Moreover, the separation of calcite particles from the fluid phase is most simple compared with precipitation methods. A kinetic pseudo-second-order model was satisfactorily used to describe the three CO2 mineralization steps except for the carbonation reaction initiated at 40 bar. In this latter case, a kinetic pseudo-first-order model was satisfactorily used; indicating that the slow CO2 mineralization step appears less significant during the carbonation process.
TOOL INTERCHANGE FOR A SUBMERSIBLE REMOTE OPERATED VEHICLE, CORRESPONDING SYSTEM AND METHOD

A tool interchange for a submersible remote operated vehicle (ROV) arm includes a first interchange body that affixes to an ROV arm. A second interchange body is carried by the first interchange body to rotate on a rotation axis. The second interchange body includes a tool mount actuable between gripping an ROV tool to the second interchange body and releasing the ROV tool from the second interchange body. An inductive power coupling part is provided in the tool mount. The inductive power coupling part is presented outwardly in the tool mount opposite the first interchange body, resides on the rotation axis and is fixed with respect to the first interchange body while the second interchange body rotates. The inductive power coupling part is adapted to inductively communicate power with a corresponding inductor power coupling part of the ROV tool when the ROV tool is docked in the tool mount.