SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Adapting global biodiversity indicators to the national scale: A Red List Index for Australian birds

The Red List Index (RLI), which uses information from the IUCN Red List to track trends in the projected overall extinction risk of sets of species, is among the indicators adopted by the world’s governments to assess performance under the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. For greatest impact, such indicators need to be measured and used at a national scale as well as globally. We present the first application of the RLI based on assessments of extinction risk at the national scale using IUCN’s recommended methods, evaluating trends in the status of Australian birds for 1990–2010. We calculated RLIs based on the number of taxa in each Red List category and the number that changed categories between assessments in 1990, 2000 and 2010 as a result of genuine improvement or deterioration in status. A novel comparison between trends at the species and ultrataxon (subspecies or monotypic species) level showed that these were remarkably similar, suggesting that current global RLI trends at the species level may also be a useful surrogate for tracking losses in genetic diversity at this scale, for which no global measures currently exist. The RLI for Australia is declining faster than global rates when migratory shorebirds and seabirds are included, but not when changes resulting from threats in Australia alone are considered. The RLI of oceanic island taxa has declined faster than those on the continent or on continental islands. There were also differences in the performance of different jurisdictions within Australia.
SAMPLE PREPARING UNIT

The invention relates to a unit for preparing reaction mixtures for chemical reactions, in particular polymerase chain reactions. The inventive unit comprises an input, output and at least one membrane. Said invention is characterised in that a compound bound to the membrane contains substances necessary for carrying out chemical reactions. A method for preparing reaction mixtures for chemical reactions, in particular polymerase chain reactions and a sample preparing device provided with said unit are also disclosed.
Français de référence et français régional : les représentations linguistiques des Jurassiens entre norme et identité cantonale

Le Jura, le canton de formation plus récente, possède une histoire sans pareil dans le contexte helvétique, qui se reflète sur tout ce qui concerne la langue.Aux politiques de soutien à la Francophonie, d'un côté, et au patois jurassien, de l'autre, s'ajoute la présence de régionalismes à tout niveau du système linguistique.Ainsi, en nous interrogeant sur la perception que les locuteurs jurassiens ont de cette variété, nous menons une enquête par le biais d'un questionnaire administré en ligne.Nous interprétons les données quantitatives obtenues selon des concepts de base de l'étude des représentations linguistiques -« sécurité linguistique » et « insécurité linguistique » -, ainsi que du modèle « centre-périphérie ».La contribution vise à faire émerger ce que les répondants pensent du concept même de « français standard » et des marques régionales de leur parler : les déprécient-ils ou, au contraire, en sont-ils fiers en tant que symboles identitaires ?
Study on the σ-phase precipitation of SAF2906 duplex stainless steel

Abstract Samples of SAF2906 duplex stainless steel were aged at 650 °C, 700 °C, 750 °C, 800 °C, 850 °C, 900 °C and 950 °C for 1 h, after high temperature solution heat treatment. The morphology of σ-phase in aged SAF2906 duplex stainless steel was then studied by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, and the chemical composition of the σ-phase was determined using X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry. The results indicated that the σ precipitation in SAF2906 duplex stainless steel formed both inside δ-ferrite with high Cr and Mo concentrations, and along δ-ferrite/γ-austenite interfaces; however, relative to the SAF2205 and SAF2507 duplex stainless steels, the content of Cr in σ-phase increased significantly up to 70 %, which was much higher than Fe in the same phase and became the major element of σ-phase.
Small and large scale site diversity experiment at Ka-band in the south of France

Summary
Since April 2011, ONERA has been operating in Toulouse, France, a beacon receiver able to receive the 20.199 GHz beacon signal of ASTRA 3B. From June 2013 to December 2013, ONERA and CNES successively deployed in the South of France four more beacon receivers in order to characterize the space-time behaviour of the propagation channel at Ka-band. This Site Diversity configuration is of great interest for the development of future high data rate satellite services as it efficiently mitigates severe tropospheric propagation impairments, in particular rain attenuation which is the major issue. The ONERA-CNES Ka-band site diversity experiment consists of three beacon receivers deployed in the area of Toulouse with site separation between 16 and 26 km, and two additional beacon receivers at 140 km and 300 km from Toulouse. This paper aims at providing a complete description of the experimental set-up and the statistical results of the campaign from July 2013 to December 2014. The Complementary Cumulative Distribution Functions (CCDF) of rain attenuation on each site and the Joint Distributions for several pairs of radio links are illustrated. Some comparisons of the measured Diversity Gain with two state-of-the-art prediction models are also presented. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stem Families, Joint Families, and the European Pattern

This article makes a new contribution to the discussion of historical European family forms. Its starting points are two recent contributions by Steven Ruggles in which the author discussed the historical appearances of stem and joint families across the globe. Drawing on most recent developments in census microdata infrastructure from historical Eastern, Central, and Southeastern Europe, the authors pinpoint limitations pertaining to the usage of IPUMS (Integrated Public Use Microdata Series) and NAPP (North Atlantic Population Project) collections for the investigation of European family systems. Using newly acquired materials and refined conceptual tools, they enhance the knowledge about the spatiotemporal distribution of stem- and joint-family arrangements in a broader European context. As the frequency of joint families in the regions under study cannot be fully accounted for by referring to measures of economic conditions and demographic structures alone, the authors speculate about some additional factors which may explain the observed differences in joint-family coresidence across historic Eastern Europe.
CUSTOMIZING A POLICY OF AN INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICE IN RESPONSE TO USER CONSTRAINTS

A method and system for generating a modified input/output (I/O) device policy in response to constraints of a user are provided. The method includes determining at least one constraint of a user using the I/O device policy in response to a request to perform a plan defined in the policy, wherein the at least one constraint is determined based on a first dataset collected from different electronic sources connected to the I/O device; generating a first plan customizing the policy based on the at least one determined constraint, wherein the first plan demonstrates a high acceptance score, wherein the acceptance score defines a probability that the user accepts and fulfills the first plan; and executing the first plan defined in the customized policy, wherein executing the first plan further includes causing the I/O device to activate an action that complies with the at least one determined constraint.
Memory devices with backside bond pads under a memory array

An apparatus is provided, comprising a substrate with a frontside and a backside opposite the frontside; control circuitry disposed over the frontside of the substrate; a memory array disposed over and electrically coupled to the control circuitry; a through-silicon via (TSV) disposed under the memory array, the TSV extending through the substrate from the control circuitry to the backside of the substrate; and a bond pad disposed on the backside of the substrate and electrically coupled to the control circuitry via the TSV.
OPOSSIM: A Population Balance-SIMULINK Module for Modelling Coupled Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer in Liquid Extraction Equipment

Abstract Dynamic behaviour, control and design strategies for liquid extraction equipment are faced by the complex hydrodynamic behavior of the dispersed phase with many droplet interactions (e.g. breakage and coalescence). To take this into account, the population balance modelling framework is used by implementing the bivariate OPOSPM (One Primary and One Secondary Particle Method) with a one-dimensional finite volume method in the physical space. To narrow the gap between the steady state and dynamic design during process synthesis, OPOSPM is implemented in a MATLAB/Simulink flowsheeting environment. As an outcome of this, we present a new OPOSPM-MATLAB/Simulink module which is called OPOSSIM for modeling and simulation the coupled two-phase flow and mass transfer in a Kuhni liquid extraction column.
Mutation analysis of TNP1 gene in infertile men with varicocele.

Varicocele is associated with the failure of ipsilateral testicular growth and development, and the symptoms of pain and reduced fertility. The highly condensed structure of the sperm nuclear chromatin is provided by proper expression of Transition Nuclear Protein (TNP) genes, so any dysregulational expression of these genes results in abnormal spermatogenesis and infertility.The aim of present study was to assess the association between TNP1 mutations and varicocele in Iranian infertile men.Analysis of association between TNP1 gene mutation and varicocele phenotype was performed using PCR and Single-Stranded Conformational Polymorphism technique and DNA sequencing in 82 varicocele infertile men and 80 control subjects.Sequence analysis was identified one variant in this gene that found in 15 infertile men and was absent in control group. This variant was a single nucleotide polymorphism that were identified in the intron region of this gene at position g.IVS1+75T>C.The effect of this nucleotide substitution in intronic region of the TNP1 gene and their role on expression remains to be determined.
Impact of code rate and improvisation of the reconstructed image for CODEC

Present day modern hand held communicating devices rely on forward error correction techniques for their proper functioning. Most digital communication systems nowadays convolutionally encode the transmitted data to compensate for Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), fading of the channel, quantization distortions and other data degradation effects. For its efficient performance the Viterbi algorithm has proven to be a very practical algorithm for forward error correction of convolutionally encoded messages. Convolutional coding and Viterbi decoding is one of the forward error correction technique used in most of the communication applications. This paper investigates the impact of code rates on the performance of hard decision Viterbi decoder for image transmission applications. In this paper different code rates such as 1/2, 2/3 and 3/5 have been simulated using different constraint lengths as well as different generator polynomials for the image input. For the lesser BER reconstructed image can be processed to get lesser MSE. All the simulations are conducted in MATLAB over AWGN channel.
Responses of Grass Production to Precipitation in a Mid-Latitude Typical Steppe Watershed

Abstract. Net primary production (NPP) is commonly used to measure productivity of steppe grasses and has been extensively studied. However, NPP variations within an enclosed watershed as influenced by precipitation and environmental factors (e.g., soils) have been poorly documented in existing literature. The objectives of this study were to: (1) examine spatiotemporal variations of NPP across a Eurasian typical steppe watershed using remote sensing and field data, and (2) determine effects of precipitation on the spatiotemporal variations. In addition to the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiation (MODIS) data from 2000 to 2010, field data on NPP, soils, and groundwater were measured by the authors in 2012 and used in this study. Advanced statistical (e.g., Mann-Kendall and correlation) and visualization techniques were employed to analyze the data. The results indicate that the NPP for a downstream area within the study watershed tended to be smaller than the NPP for an upstream area. The NPP varied almost synchronically with precipitation and was especially dependent on the May to July precipitation for a given year. The May to July precipitation could explain 12% to 65% of the NPP variances and played more roles in the growth of steppe grasses in a lower area than in an upper area. The NPP spatial pattern and the spatially differentiated effects of precipitation might be controlled by environmental factors of topography, soil texture, soil permeability, soil salinity, and grazing intensity.
Surveilling communities: public office holders and popular control  in southern europe (13th-15th century)

While officers’ accountability appears modern, past societies had their own systems for local communities to engage in politics and even in procedures to control public office holders. Most European regions experienced a major socio-political transformation in the 13th century, with significant expansions in the number and range of officers nominated by central powers (e.g. the king) to represent them, govern and execute justice. This increase was accompanied by varied attempts to implement accountability procedures in order to evaluate whether officers were executing their duties properly.
The overall objective of SurvCom is to analyse the participation of local communities in holding public officers accountable in late medieval southern Europe. This analysis will answer three fundamental questions that correspond to the specific objectives of the project. 1. Were local medieval communities effectively empowered by their participation in officers’ accountability? 2. What was their resulting input in the designing and shaping of the incipient states? 3. How did their engagement in controlling office-holders relate to the longue durée shift in the relationship between governors and governed in the transition from feudal to absolutist societies?
SurvCom focuses on a comparative analysis of territories from Castile, the south of France and the north of Italy and draws on interdisciplinary perspectives. Firstly, it uses Surveillance Studies, an emerging field analysing how surveillance practices work and their role in shaping current and past societies. Secondly, SurvCom uses Gender Studies to address informal relations and provide a means to integrate women’s agency in the interaction with officers and central powers. SurvCom will bring new perspectives to debates about statebuilding from below, corruption studies and officers’ accountability and will transfer knowledge regarding historical experiences on governance and surveillance from below (sousveillance).
Naineris setosa (Verrill) (Polychaeta, Orbiniidae), an American subtropical–tropical polychaete collected from an aquaculture facility in Brindisi (Adriatic Sea, Italy): A possible alien species

An unusual and abundant orbiniid polychaete, collected from the channel of an aquaculture facility in Brindisi (Adriatic Sea, Italy), has been identified as the subtropical–tropical American species, Naineris setosa (Verrill, 1900). The specimens have been redescribed with SEM used for the first time to illustrate their morphology. The taxonomy and ecology of the species is reviewed. The presence of dorsal crests on abdominal segments and heavily vascularized branchiae may be an adaptation to a low-oxygen habitat. The possible origin of the Brindisi worms is discussed together with the known ecology of N. setosa in American waters. Although it is unlikely that any of the specimens escaped from the aquaculture facility into the Adriatic Sea, the present account documents the occurrence of the worm, and the possibility it could be encountered elsewhere in the region.
HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCE WITH AN EMITTER FOR PRODUCING ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT

The invention relates to a household appliance (18), particularly a washing machine (18), comprising a chamber (2), which is designed for treating an item (20) with a liquid and has a sump area (19) to which a pump device (6, 7, 17) for pumping liquid out of the chamber (2) is connected, and comprising an emitter (3) for producing an ultraviolet light. According to the invention, the emitter (3) is designed for irradiating the sump area (19) with the light. A drying device (9, 10, 11, 12) for drying the chamber (2) is also provided.
Method and Theory of Early Farming: The Orinoco and Caribbean Coasts of South America

The early and mid 20th century was a time of great interest in the rise of agriculture and its role in the evolution of civilizations societies in particular environments. Late 20th century efforts to reconstruct the nature and history of prehistoric farming societies in the northern lowlands of South America ranged from expansive hypotheses to regional case studies using archaeobotanical technologies then available. Since 2000, a large number of regional studies using expanded and refined methods have produced broadly interesting results. Approaches from the fields of geography and earth sciences are being recruited increasingly. The resulting empirical evidence does shed light on aspects of the history of human use of some plants but, as always, has raised more questions than it solved. Many of the problems interpreting the processual and evolutionary significance of these findings are methodological ones. This article reviews what seem to be the most important methodological and interpretive issues of this area of research for the tropical lowlands (up to c. 1500 m a.s.l) of northern South America.
A TOOL AND A DEVICE WITH SAME, AS WELL AS A METHOD FOR PRESSING IN PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD CONTACTS

The present invention relates to a tool (1a, 1b), in particular an insertion finger (1a) or anvil (1b), for a device (1) for pressing electrical contact elements (200) into a printed circuit board (300). In addition, the invention relates to a device (1) for pressing electrical contact elements (200) into a printed circuit board (300). Further, the invention relates to a method for pressing electrical contact elements (200) into a printed circuit board (300), wherein with a first tool (1a), in particular an insertion finger (1a), an electrical contact element (200) is pressed into a through-hole (301) of the printed circuit board (300) and/or with a second tool (1b), in particular an anvil (1b), the printed circuit board (300) is supported in the region of the through-hole (301) during pressing in. In order to improve the precision and examinability of the press-in process, it is envisaged according to the invention that the tool (1a, 1b) comprises an optical system mounting (6a, 6b) which is formed to receive a camera optical system (100a, 100b), that the device (1) comprises at least one tool (1a, 1b) according to the invention, and that, with at least one camera optical system (100a, 100b) at the first and/or second tool (1a, 1b), a contact position value of at least a section of the contact element (200) and/or a hole position value of at least a section of the through-hole (301) is or are detected.
Layer-By-Layer assembly of two-dimensional polymer/ graphene heterostructures as wafer-scale flexible opto-electronics

Van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) of atomically thin, two-dimensional (2D) materials have been attracting a wide range of research interests since their unique structures enable tunable and customized optical, electronic and magnetic properties. The vertical layer-by-layer assembly strategies make it feasible to mix and match different 2D materials into various vdWHs without the restraint of lattice matching and processing compatibility. Currently, however, most of 2D vdWHs (termed ‘2DvdWHs’) are predominantly based on inorganic sandwich complexes, especially on graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and hexagonal boron-nitride (hBN). What’s more, the vertical assembly method for 2DvdWHs mainly limits to small-scale proof-of-concept demonstrations. Consequently, I will develop a new generation of vdWHs through layer-by-layer assembling monolayer 2D polymers (2DPs) with monolayer graphene (Gr) for wafer-scale, flexible opto-electronics. The 2D organic-inorganic interface can engineer the field-induced charge-carrier transport within the 2DP-Gr heterostructures, and thus tailor their opto-electronic properties. The core technology is the advanced monolayer 2DPs synthesized at the air/water interface via Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) techniques based on photo-active conjugated monomers, such as porphyrin and pyrene derivatives. The resulting 2DPs are designed to be freestanding, monolayer semi-conductors with tuned band gaps and photo responses. Importantly, this technology can be extended to other 2D materials (e.g. TMDCs and hBN) and monomers, which structures can be further optimized for the better flexibility of the band gaps, higher enhancement of the charge transfer, and the new introduction of the photoactivity. A critical aspect of the work will be the use of customized 2DPs to integrate with Gr as wafer-scale, tunable 2DvdWHs and to study the unique quantum phenomena that arise from the organic-inorganic interlayer coupling.
Quantum sensing with quantum optical networks

Quantum sensing exploits effects such as entanglement to enhance the sensitivity of measurement devices. In the last decade we have witnessed a significant advance in experimental platforms such as trapped ion setups and superconducting circuits. These systems are never free from noise and dissipation, however, interactions between qubits and photons or phonons can be controlled with lasers or external fields. Even in strong dissipative regimes, cooperative effects may induce complex quantum dynamics with emergent phenomena such as non-equilibrium phase transitions and multistability. The question then arises whether we can exploit those many-body effects in robust metrological protocols. 
My project will address this question in two main scenarios corresponding to different limits of a network of qubits coupled to photonic cavities. Firstly, I will consider a limit of weak coupling, in which cooperative radiative decay leads to the generation of entanglement. Secondly, I will investigate networks of qubits strongly coupled to photonic cavities. I will identify, and systematically investigate, points close to non-equilibrium phase transitions in which the abrupt response of the system can be used to accurately measure properties of driving fields. The project requires a rigorous theoretical description of the qubit-cavity network. Approximations such as a mean-field theory can be used for a preliminary study. However, to achieve my goals I will need to properly describe quantum correlations across the system. I will address this challenge by using Matrix Product States methods - an advanced quasi-exact numerical technique. 
My reference systems will be trapped ion setups and superconducting qubits coupled to microwave resonators. In my project, I will systematically investigate their performance as quantum sensors under realistic conditions. My work will lead to proposals for the accurate measurement of microwave fields, magnetic fields and ultra-weak forces.