SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
The epidemiology of norovirus in England diagnostics, incidence and transmission

Existing estimates of the incidence of 
infectious intestinal 
disease 
(IID) 
caused 
by 
norovirus in the community are based on 
electron 
microscopy 
or 
reverse 
transcription- 
polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). 
Neither 
method 
accurately 
represents 
norovirus 
disease burden: electron microscopy 
has 
poor 
diagnostic 
sensitivity, 
RT-PCR 
has 
poor 
diagnostic specificity. 
In this thesis, for the first time, viral 
load 
measurements 
were 
used 
to identify 
cases of 
norovirus-associated IID, to update 
the 
existing, 
electron 
microscopy-based 
estimates 
of norovirus disease burden in the community 
in England 
and 
to 
conduct a 
comprehensive analysis of risk factors for 
sporadic 
norovirus-associated 
IID. The 
prevalence and characteristics of asymptomatic norovirus 
infection in 
England 
were 
also described. Data for this work were 
taken from the 
Study 
of 
Infectious Intestinal 
Disease faecal specimen archive, which 
had been 
subject 
to 
semi-quantitative real- 
time RT-PCR norovirus testing. Finally, routine surveillance 
data 
and 
time-series 
regression modelling were used 
to 
produce an 
additional and 
independent 
estimate 
of 
the incidence of general practice consultations 
for 
norovirus-associated 
IID in 
England 
and Wales. 
Using viral load for norovirus diagnosis, the 
age-adjusted community 
incidence 
of 
norovirus-associated IID in England was 
4.5 
per 
100 
person-years 
(95% 
credibility 
interval: 3.8,5.2), equating to 2 million episodes per 
year 
between 
1993 
and 
1996. 
Amongst children aged less than five 
years, 
the 
community 
incidence 
was 
21.4 
per 
100 
person-years (95% credibility interval: 15.9,27.7) 
and 
the incidence 
of consultations 
to 
general practitioners for norovirus-associated 
IID 
was 
3.2 
per 
100 
person-years 
(95% 
credibility interval: 2.6,3.8), with 
100 000 
children 
visiting 
their 
GP for 
norovirus- 
associated IID each year. 
The main risk factor for sporadic, community-acquired 
norovirus-associated 
IID 
was 
contact with a person with IID symptoms. 
This 
result 
indicates that 
reduction 
of person- 
to-person transmission would substantially 
decrease the 
burden 
of norovirus- 
associated IID in the community 
in England, 
e. g. 
through 
good 
hand hygiene 
and 
appropriate cleaning of environmental surfaces.
Apparatus and method for discontinuous data reception in wireless communication system

Disclosed in a method of discontinuous data reception in a mobile communication system. The method includes: receiving downlink data and decoding the received downlink data by the UE; when the decoding is not successful, starting a timer for receiving retransmitted data; when the downlink data has been received by a configured downlink assignment, operating a downlink carrier, through which the downlink data has been received, in an active time; and when the downlink data has been received by a dynamic transmission resource and the downlink carrier, through which the downlink data has been received, is different from a downlink carrier, through which a scheduling command for the downlink data has been received, operating the downlink carrier, through which the scheduling command for the downlink data has been received, and the downlink carrier, through which the downlink data has been received, in an active time.
Microrna functions in single cells

It is now becoming apparent that genes are regulated not only by transcription, but also by thousands of post-transcriptional regulators that can stabilize or degrade mRNAs. Some of the most important regulators are miRNAs, short RNA molecules that are deeply conserved in sequence and are involved in numerous biological processes, including human disease. Surprisingly, transcriptomic and proteomic studies show that most miRNAs only have subtle silencing effects on their targets, suggesting additional important, but yet undiscovered functions. Thus the question is raised: if the main function of miRNAs is not to silence targets, what is it?

I will test two novel hypotheses about miRNA function. The first hypothesis proposes that miRNAs can buffer gene expression noise. The second hypothesis is inspired by my preliminary results and proposes that miRNAs can synchronize expression of genes. If I validate either hypothesis, it would mean that miRNA functions can be investigated in entirely new ways, yielding important new biological insights relevant to both basic research and human health. However, these hypotheses can only be tested in individual cells, and the necessary single-cell technologies and computational tools are only maturing now.

I will apply my expertise in miRNA biology and in combined wet-lab and computational methods to design, develop and apply miRCell-seq to test these two hypotheses in cell cultures and in animals. This new method will for the first time measure miRNAs, their targets, and the interactions between them in single cells and transcriptome-wide. We will use mutant cells devoid of miRNAs and time course experiments to generate sufficient data to develop detailed models of the miRNA impact on their targets. We will then validate our findings with single cell proteomics. This project thus has the potential to reveal novel functions of miRNAs and substantially improve our general understanding of gene regulation.
Parenting style and obesity risk in children

Parents play a critical role in their children's lifestyle habits. The objective was to assess the effect of parenting style on the risk of childhood obesity, and to determine whether poverty was a moderator of the association.Participants were from the 1994-2008 cross-sectional samples of the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY), a nationally representative survey of Canadian youth. Factor and cluster analyses identified four parenting styles consistent with Baumrind's parenting style prototypes. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the risk of obesity based on parenting style after adjusting for covariates. Analyses were stratified by age (preschool: 2-5years of age, n=19,026; school-age: 6-11years of age, n=18,551) and the moderating effect of poverty (household income<low income cut-offs adjusted for household size and geographic region) was assessed. Analyses used sampling and bootstrap weights.In multivariable analyses, compared to authoritative parenting, preschool- and school-age children with authoritarian parents were 35% (95% CI: 1.2-1.5) and 41% (CI: 1.1-1.8) more likely to be obese, respectively. In preschool children, poverty moderated this association: authoritarian and negligent parenting was associated with 44% (CI: 1.3-1.7) and 26% (CI: 1.1-1.4) increased likelihood of obesity, respectively, but only among the children not living in poverty. In school-age children, poverty was not a moderator.Parenting style is associated with childhood obesity, but may be moderated by poverty. Successful strategies to combat childhood obesity should reflect the independent and interactive associations of sociodemographic and social-familial influences on health especially in early childhood.
Effect of biochar, lime, and compost application on phosphorus adsorption in a Ferralsol

Use of biochar has multiple benefits like C, soil organic matter stabilization, and agricultural productivity. However, there is limited information about the effect of biochar on P dynamics in acidic soils. Hence, we investigated the effects of fresh and aged hydrothermal coal produced from bark (HTC) and low temperature coal synthesized from sewage sludge (LTC) on the kinetics of P adsorption in a Ferralsol. The treatments comprised of a control, compost [7.7 g (kg soil)−1], hydrothermal carbonization coal [HTC, 2 g (kg soil)−1], low temperature conversion coal [LTC, 3.8 g (kg soil)−1], lime [0.3 g CaO (kg soil)−1], compost + HTC [3.8 + 1.0 g (kg soil)−1], compost + LTC [3.8 + 1.9 g (kg soil)−1, respectively], compost + lime [7.6 and 0.4 g (kg soil)−1, respectively]. The soil samples were incubated for a period of 3 months at 60% of the maximum water holding capacity. After 5 d and 3 months of the incubation period soil pH, Ca-acetate lactate (CAL) extractable soil-P, and P-adsorption isotherms were determined. The results show a significant effect of treatments on soil pH just after 5 d, which remained consistent after three months of incubation. All treatments, except HTC increased the soil pH compared with the control treatment. The maximum increase in soil pH was observed with compost + lime (from 4.5 to 6.1). The CAL-extractable P was significantly increased with application of LTC, compost + LTC, and compost + lime. The sorption parameters were not affected after 5 d of incubation. Due to residence effects, the P sorption capacity (Sm) was significantly reduced in the LTC treatment [from 1182 to 1099 mg (kg soil)−1], and in the combination treatments compost + HTC [from 1182 to1078 mg (kg soil)−1], and compost + LTC [from 1182 to 1099 mg (kg soil)−1] treatments. The P binding energy (K) was significantly increased by the addition of LTC (from 2.18 to 4.26 mg L−1), lime (from 2.18 to 4.53 mg L−1), compost + HTC (from 2.18 to 7.03 mg L−1) and compost + LTC (from 2.18 to 4.68 mg L−1). Based on the results of the present study it is concluded that alone application of biochars do not alter the P bioavailability and sorption in a Ferralsol. However, combined application of biochars along with compost significantly decreases P sorption and increases bioavailability.
BLITZKRIEG INVERTED OR THE RETIARIUS'S NET

An Option for the Conventional Defence of the Republic of South Africa. Both long term trends and more recent events will have served to make it more so. These include:1. The gradual upgrading of potentially hostilemilitary establishments, particularly as regardspersonnel background and equipment. 2. The improving infrastructure of Southern Africa generally, facilitating the conduct of conventionaloperations. 3. The establishment of openly Marxist regimesin Angola and Mocambique, facilitating access. 4. The experience gained as a. result of theoperations in support of the Movimento Popularde Llberracao de Angola (or Popular Movementfor the Liberation of Angola) 5. The increasingly supine and even hostile attitude of the West, the United States of America in particular 6. The increasingly active role of the Soviet Union and her allies. 7. The high losses among, and the relative lack of success of, terrorists operating against Rhodesia, resulting in a decrease in confidence inthis approach. 9. The South African role in Angola which, suitably embellished, can be presented as evidence both of the Republic of South Africa's 'wickedness'and her military weakness.
Next applications of quantum computing

NEASQC is devoted to the emergence of practical applications of quantum computing in its NISQ era, and to the construction of a strong community. NEASQC is use-case centric and organized around 10 real use cases (UC). These UC have been defined by the industrial members and validated by the academic members as NISQ compatible. Each use case will be investigated with a rigorous methodology by an integrated team made of at least one industrial and one academic: 1-Algorithm research and design 2-Development of a prototype software 3-Qualification of the prototype with real data on real or simulated NISQ device 4-Benchmark against state-of-the-art techniques.

NEASQC is coordinated by Bull, the Atos subsidiary in charge of Quantum Computing, developer of the QLM/myQLM quantum programming platform. Bull will act as the integrator of NEASQC software deliverables and will guarantee their industrial quality.

An important objective of our project is to build an active European community of applied QC. As such, much attention is paid to dissemination, with a significant number of actions toward a large number of end-user communities. The project will welcome associate end users all along.

NEASQC will build quantum computing open source libraries out of the use case developments. These libraries will be delivered to the European QT community all along the project, through the project portal. A ready-to-install quantum programming environment (QPE) will be built and made available for free to the community, starting from year 2. 

NEASQC will work with the flagship funded hardware projects to ensure the QPE is compatible with their platforms. In particular, our libraries will be optimized for each platform. NEASQC does believe in HW/SW co-design, and will define a series of use-case specific benchmarks, to help guide the hardware effort toward the highest efficiency on applications
Electrochemistry-mass spectrometry to study reactive drug metabolites and CYP450 simulations

Abstract The use of electrochemistry (EC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) has been widely reported in the past two decades as a tool for simulating drug metabolism. EC-MS is now used to generate metabolites in a simple matrix with easy implementation for high-throughput analysis. Another interesting use of EC in drug-metabolism investigation is simulation of the formation of reactive drug metabolites. Electrochemical reactions tend to be limited to the simulation of single-electron transfers initiated by cytochrome P450 reactions, hence the need for new analytical developments. This review aims to describe current knowledge of the use of EC-MS for the generation and the identification of reactive drug metabolites. We detail the electrochemical formation of electrophilic aryl, nitroso, aromatics and nitrogen-oxide species in the first part. We give future perspectives related to the surface-modified electrode coupled with MS for inhibition.
Treatment of severe maxillary hypoplasia with oligodontia and complete bilateral cleft lip and palate by maxillary anterior segmental distraction osteogenesis

Abstract Effective maxillary advance treatment is difficult to achieve without impairing velopharyngeal function in patients with severe maxillary deficiency. We describe successful orthodontic treatment using maxillary anterior segmental distraction osteogenesis (MASDO) in a patient with cleft lip and palate. A 20-year-old woman with bilateral cleft lip and palate, multiple congenitally missing teeth, reduced maxilla, concave soft-tissue profile, and skeletal Class III jaw relationship was treated with a combination of orthodontic treatment and MASDO. After treatment, the anterior maxilla was displaced forward with new bone formation induced in the distraction gap for insertion of dental implants. Maxillary hypoplasia was successfully treated while preserving the velopharyngeal function with MASDO. We suggest that MASDO is useful for patients with severe maxillary hypoplasia.
Diadenosine polyphosphate alarmones as drivers for protein ampylation

It is puzzling that the human genome has only slightly more genes than the fruit fly and only half the number of cauliflower. Obviously, the sheer number of genes alone cannot determine the complexity of human development and the sophisticated signalling systems that maintain homeostasis. In fact, the complexity of information from genome to proteome is greatly increased. Drivers for the complexity of the proteome are posttranslational modifications (PTMs), i.e. covalent modifications of polypeptides after translation. 
The aim of this project is to shine light on a scientific mystery known for decades. We will elucidate the cellular roles and functions of diadenosine polyphosphates (ApnAs), which are formed in response to stress and are therefore called ""alarmones"", and their interactions with the PTM processes ""AMPylation"", i.e. the covalent modification of the target protein by adenosine monophosphate. Although both topics are known for more than 60 years, their molecular mechanism and functions are poorly understood. 
Based on our preliminary results, which unambiguously show the interplay of ApnAs and AMPylation for the first time, we will search for, identify and characterize new protagonists of AMPylation and clarify their interactions with ApnAs. Therefore, new chemical tools will be developed and applied in the proteome-wide studies in living cells.
We will also investigate the molecular function of a protein that we have already identified with ApnA-based probes. We have discovered that this protein is a ""5'-3' RNA ligase"", the first one found in human cells! The available data indicates the involvement of this RNA ligase in cancer and neurodegeneration, and we will therefore elucidate the molecular mechanisms and functions of this protein in detail.
Overall, this project will bring significant new and previously unexplored advances and will provide a guideline for future translational research in the fight against diseases.
LEGWEAR WITH SLIDING CLOSURE

The invention relates to a legwear (01, 31) in the form of trousers (01) or a skirt (31), comprising a lower material portion (06, 36), which faces the body, and a top material portion (05, 35), which overlaps the lower material portion (06, 36). The material portions (05, 06 or 35, 36) can be removably connected to each other by means of closing means (25, 26). The legwear also comprises a lower waistband portion (04, 34), which faces the body and which adjoins the lower material portion (06, 36) at the top, and a top waistband portion (03, 33), which overlaps the lower waistband portion (04, 34) and which adjoins the top material portion (05, 35). The waistband portions (03, 04 or 33, 34) come to rest at the same height (02) when the legwear (01, 31) is used in an ordinary manner. A lower guiding part (12) is arranged on the lower waistband portion (04, 34), and a top guiding part (13) of a sliding guide (11) is arranged on the top waistband portion (03, 33), said guiding parts (12, 13) being slidable relative to each other along a guiding path. This is accompanied by a change of the waistband width of the legwear (01, 31).
The possibility of evidence-based psychiatry: depression as a case

Abstract Considering psychiatry as a medical discipline, a diagnosis identifying a disorder should lead to an effective therapy. Such presumed causality is the basis of evidence-based psychiatry. We examined the strengths and weaknesses of research onto the causality of relationship between diagnosis and therapy of major depressive disorder and suggest what could be done to strengthen eventual claims on causality. Four obstacles for a rational evidence-based psychiatry were recognised. First, current classification systems are scientifically nonfalsifiable. Second, cerebral processes are—at least to some extent—nondeterministic, i.e. they are random, stochastic and/or chaotic. Third, the vague or lack of relationship between therapeutic regimens and suspected pathogenesis. Fourth, the inadequacy of tools to diagnose and delineate a functional disorder. We suggest a strategy to identify diagnostic prototypes that are characterised by a limited number of parameters (symptoms, markers and other characteristics). A prototypical diagnosis that may either support or reject particular elements of current diagnostic systems. Nevertheless, one faces the possibility that psychiatry will remain a relatively weak evidence-based medical discipline.
Versorgungsstruktur der Patienten mit Mycosis fungoides und Sézary‐Syndrom in Deutschland – Versorgungsforschung auf Basis von GKV‐Routinedaten

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Kutane T‐Zell‐Lymphome (CTCL) sind seltene Formen von Non‐Hodgkin‐Lymphomen mit T‐Zell‐Ursprung, die hauptsächlich in der Haut auftreten. Die häufigste Form ist Mycosis fungoides (MF), aber auch das Sézary‐Syndrom (SS), als eine aggressivere verlaufende Form des CTCL, ist eine relevante Untergruppe. Aufgrund des seltenen Krankheitsbilds sind populationsbezogene Untersuchungen zur Epidemiologie, Krankheitslast und Einblicke in das Versorgungsgeschehen begrenzt. Patienten und Methodik Auf Basis eines anonymisierten, alters‐ und geschlechtsadjustierten Routinedatensatzes mit circa fünf Millionen gesetzlich Krankenversicherten wurde in einem Sechsjahreszeitraum (2012–2017) eine retrospektive, longitudinale Versorgungsforschung durchgeführt. Ergebnisse Bei 55 % der Patienten mit MF und SS wurde die Erstdiagnose ambulant dokumentiert; in 59 % der Fälle durch einen Dermatologen. Die durchflusszytometrische Immunphänotypisierung gilt als wichtige Untersuchung für Erkennung und Verlaufsdiagnostik einer Blutbeteiligung kutaner Lymphome, da das Krankheitsstadium der wichtigste prognostische Faktor bei MF und SS ist; diese erfolgte bei lediglich 10 % der Patienten. Die primäre Versorgung erfolgte durch topische Anwendung (76 %), insbesondere mit Corticosteroiden (66 %). Schlussfolgerungen Erkenntnisse dieser Versorgungsforschung deuten auf die Notwendigkeit einer verbesserten Leitlinien‐gerechten Versorgung hin.
Twitter versus Facebook: Exploring the role of narcissism in the motives and usage of different social media platforms

Tweeting is the preferred method of active SNS usage for college age narcissists.No relationship between active Facebook usage and narcissism in college sample.Platform differences explain the differences in active usage on Facebook versus Twitter.Narcissistic motives mediate the relationship between narcissism and active usage. The amount of research on social networking sites (SNS) and narcissism is accumulating quickly requiring greater levels of variable specification and more fine-tuned hypothesis testing to clearly determine the relationships among key variables. The current investigation examines two of the most popular SNS, Facebook and Twitter, formulating hypotheses around the specific features of each site within college and adult samples. Unlike previous research that has focused almost exclusively on SNS usage, we focused on active usage (i.e., SNS content generation) as opposed to passive usage (i.e., SNS consumption) and included reasons for usage as a potential black box in the narcissism to SNS usage relationship. Results suggest that the features of Twitter make tweeting the preferred means of active usage among narcissists in the college sample, but not the adult sample, who prefer Facebook. In fact, we found no significant direct or indirect relationship with active usage on Facebook for the college sample, calling into question popular press articles linking Millennial narcissism with Facebook use. Additionally platform differences (i.e., microblogging versus profile-based) may explain the importance of active usage on Twitter relative to Facebook. That is, with Twitter, narcissistic motives for usage all manifest through tweeting while Facebook provides other mechanisms to achieve narcissistic motives.
DEVICE FOR MEASURING AND CONTROLLING ON-LINE VISCOSITY AT HIGH PRESSURE

Device that can be used in an enhanced oil recovery method by injection of a solution of water soluble polymer and brine having a viscosity below 1000 cps that includes: - a mixer, and preferably a static mixer, capable of homogenizing the solution on-line; - a device capable of measuring the viscosity of the homogenized solution, continuously, downstream of the solution injection pump, at a pressure below or equal to 250 bars, and preferably between 50 and 250 bars, and at a temperature below or equal to 120°C, and preferably between 40 and 120°C, by measuring a pressure drop in a calibrated tube, at a constant rate of flow.