SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Neural mechanisms of perceptual stability in magnitude perception

Magnitude dimensions such as space, time, and numerosity represent fundamental aspects of the external world. A correct perception of these dimensions is needed to understand the spatial properties of the environment and navigate through it, its temporal structure, cause-effect relations, and duration of events, and the number of objects that are present in the visual scene. As magnitude dimensions share similar properties and are often intertwined in the perceptual environment, they are thought to share a similar neural mechanism called the generalized magnitude system. However, while object and events in the space surrounding us usually appear as stable, embedded in a seamless stream of perception, neuronal activity is usually very noisy, and biological sensors like the eye are unstable due to continuous movements. Visual magnitude representation is thus subject to the noisiness of neuronal processing. How does the brain achieve such a remarkable stability despite the noisy nature of its complex machinery? The goal of this proposal is to investigate the brain processes ensuring the stability and continuity of visual magnitude information, using psychophysical, electroencephalography (EEG), and brain stimulation techniques (TMS). Recent studies suggest that to achieve perceptual stability and continuity the brain integrates visual information over time, giving rise to perceptual biases known as serial dependence. While serial dependence has been linked to stability and investigated across several domains, little is known about how magnitude information is stabilized and whether a generalized stability mechanism exists. By taking an interdisciplinary approach, NeSt thus aims to address these issues from a novel perspective and shed new light on the mechanisms ensuring continuity and stability of spatial, temporal, and numerical information.
CODING SCHEME FOR SERIAL DATA COMMUNICATIONS

An encoding scheme generates an encoded nine bit code word from each input eight bit data word. The coding scheme is such that the encoded data words have advantageous properties, such as a minimum of two polarity transitions in each encoded data word, and a maximum of five bits without a polarity transition. Five of the bits from the input eight bit data word appear unchanged in the encoded data word, while the other four bits of the encoded data word are obtained by applying appropriate logical operators to the remaining three bits of the input data word in combination with two of the five bits that appear unchanged in the encoded data word. Exception codes can also be defined, that is, nine bit code words that cannot be obtained from any eight bit data word by means of the coding scheme, and can be used to embed control information into the data stream. For example, the exception codes may advantageously have six or seven bits without a polarity transition.
The importance of tumor palpability and transrectal ultrasonographic appearance in the contemporary clinical staging of prostate cancer

An accurate assessment of the clinical stage of prostate cancer is important to determine the most appropriate treatments for patients. Most centers rely on digital rectal examination, given conflicting results in the literature regarding the role of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS).Since ultrasound technologies as well as physician experience have improved, the contemporary impact of TRUS on the clinical staging of prostate cancer was assessed.In 2002, a standardized form to evaluate TRUS findings in order to rank the clinical suspicion of extracapsular extension (ECE) was used for all prostate cancer patients evaluated at UCSF. Preoperative clinical findings were compared with pathological staging as assessed by analysis of radical prostatectomy specimens from 2002 to 2007 (n = 620).Mean patient age was 58 ± 6.6 years with a mean PSA of 7.0 ± 4.5; 157/620 (25.3%) had pathologic ECE. Evidence of ECE by TRUS was associated with higher pathologic stage (P < 0.00001) and higher rates of biochemical failure after prostatectomy (P = 0.0006). Overall, TRUS had a 31% sensitivity, 92% specificity, 58% positive predictive value, and 80% negative predictive value with an area under the curve of 0.77 for the detection of ECE. TRUS alone was significantly more accurate in predicting ECE than commonly used nomograms or tables (P < 0.001) when examining patients with impalpable tumors.In the current era, TRUS provides an accurate method to assess a cancer stage.
Method of measuring tumor suppressor gene p53

The instant invention provides a means for quantitatively determining the level of tumor suppressor gene p53 by determination of level of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) of the gene in a sample when compared with a prepared standard. The assay is quantitative in that the specific number of copies of the p53 mRNA in a sample may be derived from a curve from a standard of p53 RNA. The RNA used in preparation of a standard curve to quantitate RNA is generated using a plasmid which is part of the invention. In the assay, the RNA is produced by a protein (RNA polymerase) that reads the DNA message and manufactures an RNA copy. The RNA content of the transcribed sample is determined spectrophotometrically to measure the molar concentration. With prior knowledge of the molecular weight of the transcribed RNA and using Avogadro's number, the actual number of molecules of transcripted "control" p53 RNA can be determined
Aerial release of mosquitoes

MOSQUAREL (Aerial Release of Mosquitoes)

The REVOLINC project (ERC Consolidator grant no. 682387) aims at developing environmentally-friendly alternatives to fight insects invasions through the development of biological technologies to control three types of pest insects (mosquitoes, tsetse flies and Mediterranean fruit flies), two of which are presently invading Europe. We want to improve the « sterile insect technique » which consists in mass rearing male insects, sterilizing them by radiation and releasing them into the environment, where they compete with their wild, non-sterile counterparts to reproduce. The « boosted sterile insect technique » consists in ensuring that the males also transmit biopesticides to the females that kill them or their progeny. It is mandatory to develop alternative methods to insecticides that raise concern for their toxicity for health and environment, particularly against mosquito vectors in the context of Zika virus epidemics.
The proposed technology necessitates the release of sterile males, preferably by air. There is presently no aerial system to release mosquitoes which are all released by ground using obsolete methods (cages open at the back of a vehicle…).
In the proposed PoC, we want to (1) initiate collaboration with a private company to produce two versions of mosquito releasing drones compliant with EU regulations (C1 and C2 classes), (2) confirm the efficiency of these systems to release sterile male Aedes albopictus in three sites (La Réunion island and Montpellier in France and Valencia in Spain) and (3) start the commercialization process for these drones.
The system will become available for other mosquito control technologies involving the release of mosquitoes transfected with symbionts blocking virus transmission or transgenic mosquitoes.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING PITCH SYNCHRONOUS FRAMES

In a speech processing system, an optimal filter frequency is determined and used to filter an unfiltered signal. The optimum filter is chosen by passing the largest voice area greater than 50ms through multiple filters. The average energy output for each filter and differences between the filter averages (DeltaEnergy) are calculated. The first peak in DeltaEnergy above the average DeltaEnergy determines the optimal filter for filtering the signal. The filtered signal is divided into segments and voiced periods are determined. The unfiltered signal is divided into pitch synchronous frames based on the filtered signal.
Provenance of loess from the Spanish central region: chemometric interpretation

Abstract In this work our purposes are (1) geochemical characterization of loess (‘primary loess’ or ‘true loess’ and ‘secondary loess’ or ‘loess-like deposits’) located in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula, (2) systematic study of element behaviour during pedogenesis and (3) evaluation of the suitability of using the geochemistry of loess to establish the average composition of these discontinuous aeolian sedimentary covers in central Spain. Several analyses were carried out on the bulk sample and on the sandy and clay fractions (mineralogical composition by X-ray diffraction, mineralogical studies of heavy minerals by petrographical microscopy and chemical composition by flame atomic absorption spectrometry). Loess from the Spanish central region has a local origin. The presence of gypsum in the ‘loess-like’ deposits reaches values two times higher than in ‘true loess’, and ‘true loess’ has a higher concentration of quartz, calcite and kaolinite. Regarding chemical composition, similar concentrations of Ca, K, Mg and Na were found, although it is important to note the higher concentration of Na in some of the samples.
ENERGY RECOVERY DRIVE

The invention relates to an energy recovery drive. Said drive comprises a first driving shaft (3) and a second driving shaft (4). The second driving shaft (4) is connected to a hydrostatic piston engine (5). Said hydrostatic piston engine (5) is connected to a first accumulator (11) and a second accumulator (12) for accumulating pressure energy. The first drive shaft (3) and the second drive shaft (4) can be connected to each other via a gear train (6), said gear train (6) comprising at least one first gearwheel (7) and a second gearwheel (8) which is configured as a sliding gearwheel.
Citizen science as the new paradigm for science communication

Citizen science (CS) initiatives are changing the paradigm of science communication (SC). Not only the embedded bottom-up methodology takes into account people’s needs, aligning science to society, but empowers citizens to become science communicators. Moreover, launching a citizen science project requires the creation of a complex ecosystem, in which the participation of quadruple helix stakeholders (interdisciplinary scientists; public sector; industry; CSOs and society at large) is usually a must. This poses a challenge in terms of science communication due to: 1) the wide variety of specific science communication tools and strategies to be used for each target group, and 2) the required continuous feedback to each stakeholder group to maintain the engagement throughout the project. 
NEWSERA will analyse and evaluate the complex and multidirectional science communication strategies, including digital and non-digital ones, addressed to quadruple helix stakeholders in citizen science projects across Europe as the new paradigm for science communication. An assessment of the initial state-of-the-art of science communication in citizen science projects will be carried out. 4 pilot case studies will be selected from ongoing EU projects mapped under the EU-Citizen.Science platform, taking into account not only the quantity, quality, reliability and effectiveness of the communication, but also psycho-social factors such as the perception and trust on science communication and, in consequence, on science. One further case study will be addressed to science journalists. Innovative strategies will be co-designed for each stakeholder group in our Citizen Science Communication Labs to test the new concepts of Citizen Science Communication and Citizen Science Journalism, to reinforce the interface between science-society-policy and increase trust in science, while advancing the state-of-the-art in science communication.
[Application of nanoscale material in environmental remediation and its eco-environmental toxicity assessment: a review].

Though it has been claimed that nanotechnology has great potential in environmental cleaning, caution is required to the application of nano-particles (<100 nm). The studies relevant to organism exposure have shown that nano-particles can be hazardous. Currently, more papers are available about the remediation efficiency, characteristics, and mechanisms of manufactured nanoparticles after applied into polluted environment, but few studies are conducted about the ecotoxicological effects of the nano-particles. This paper reviewed the current researches on the hazards of nano- or ultrafine particles in environmental detoxification, discussed the potential environmental risks of applying nano-particles, and prospected the perspectives of the nanoparticles in environmental cleaning research.
VIEWABILITY METRICS OF A MULTIDIMENSIONAL OBJECT IN A MULTIDIMENSIONAL DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT

Using various embodiments, methods and systems to determine viewability metrics of a multidimensional object in a multidimensional digital environment are described. In one embodiment, a system is configured to render a viewport of the multidimensional digital environment displayed on the graphical user interface. The viewport includes the object of interest. The object of interest includes a multidimensional digital object. The object of interest is rendered with a first set of colors. The system is further configured to determine a first number of pixels representing a total number of pixels in the first set of colors and to determine a second number of pixels in the viewport representing a total number of pixels of the viewport. Thereafter, a ratio is calculated by dividing the first number of pixels by the second number of pixels. The metric of viewability is then derived by the calculated ratio.
On Phasing and Quantitative Analysis of the Integration of Urban and Rural Areas in China

Co-existence of the dual social and economic structures,so as the disparity between urban and rural areas,is the result of both the co-existence of traditional agriculture and modern industry and the isolated development of these two areas.It is a common phenomenon in the developing countries and an indispensable stage in social and economic development of each country all over the world.Based on the social and economic dual structures,this paper analyses,in the perspective of urbanization and industrialization,the rules of the progressing of urban-rural relationship,then puts forward not only the 5 stages and 5 features of the progressing but also the indexes and measures to analyse the progressing.After analysing the integration of urban and rural areas in China,the paper comes to the conclusion of what stage the development of China's urban-rural relationship is now at.
Performance of quasilinear elastic constitutive models in simulation of geosynthetic encased columns

Abstract Past numerical simulations of geosynthetic encased columns (GECs) using different versions of the quasilinear elastic hyperbolic model for the encased granular material have, in certain cases, yielded unrealistic results. In this paper the cause of such results is investigated by performing three-dimensional finite element analyses of GECs in soft clay, utilizing three common functional forms of the hyperbolic model for the encased granular material. Results indicate that one form of the hyperbolic model can predict an unrealistic lateral response for GECs during application of load to the column. In addition, the inability of hyperbolic models to properly account for soil behavior near failure compromises their ability to realistically capture the behavior of encased granular soil in GECs. Modeling the behavior of soil near failure is essential for properly simulating the behavior of GECs, as soil shear failure is necessary to mobilize the tensile stresses in the encasement and improve the stress–displacement response of the GEC. Although this type of hyperbolic model behavior was demonstrated for the specific case of encased soil in a GEC, the limitations of the hyperbolic model described herein apply equally to other geotechnical problems in which some portion of the soil mass is at or near failure.
Molecular mechanisms regulating cardiovascular remodeling by adamts1

Professor Redondo’s group has recently identified Adamts1 as one of the major mediators in vascular wall remodeling. They showed that Adamts1+/-, Adamts1-/- and KD-Adamts1 mice present aortic dilation, aneurysms, medial degeneration and hypotension, leading to the hypothesis that Adamts1 deficiency results in a new familial form of thoracic aortic aneurysm (FTAAD) potentially relevant in human aortic disease. They have also found that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors reverse aortic dilation and medial degeneration in Marfan mice and Adamts1-deficient mice. The objective of my project is to study the molecular mechanisms mediating these aortic diseases in mice, and to specifically assess the role of nitric oxide (NO) and related signaling pathways, including those of Adamts1 and its substrates, in the medial degeneration and aortic dilation in both mouse models. I plan to identify potential targets common to both aortopathies and analyze them in patients with syndromic and non-syndromic aortic diseases. I think this project has a strong potential to identify therapeutic targets and prognostic or diagnostic markers for human cardiovascular diseases that constitute one of the major causes of mortality worldwide.
Effects of Wall-Temperature Conditions on Effusion Cooling in a Supersonic Boundary Layer

The influence of effusion cooling through discrete holes on a laminar Mach 2.67 boundary layer is investigated using direct numerical simulation. It is found that the wall condition (isothermal, adiabatic, or radiative-adiabatic, with neglected heat conduction within the wall) has a very strong influence on the vortex systems that are generated by the holes and thus also on the cooling features. The transfer of results from short-duration isothermal shock-tunnel experiments to the more realistic radiative-adiabatic situation is difficult. In addition to trying to establish a coolant film at the wall, a significant increase of the wall shear should be avoided in order to not increase the heat flux into the wall.
Methyl alcohol poisoning (Hooch Tragedy in Ahmedabad).

*Assistant Professor, **Professor and Head Nephrology, ****Professor and Director, Department of Nephrology and Clinical Transplantation, ****Professor and Head Pathology, Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, Transfusion Services and Immunohematology, Institute of Kidney Diseases & Research Centre Dr H L Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences (IKDRC-ITS), Civil Hospital Campus, Ahmedabad 380016, Gujarat. Received: 18.05.2012; Accepted: 08.02.2014 Sir, W read with great interest the report by Shah et al.l The authors reported an interesting experience on Study of 63 Cases of Methyl Alcohol Poisoning (Hooch Tragedy in Ahmedabad) in 2009. We have reported our experience of the effectiveness of hemodialysis (HD) in methanol poisoning outbreak in Ahmedabad in 2009. The limitations of our retrospective study were that serum methanol concentrations were not performed near the end of HD to ascertain the adequacy of treatment. Data on methanol/ ethanol levels/ osmolar gap were not available. Patients treated without HD were not included in the study.2 The mortality rate was low in our patients who received early and timely dialysis treatment similar to the other studies.1-4 1. We believe that with some additions, as mentioned below, scientific value and contribution of the article may increase to compare the severity of outbreaks in future.2-4 We believe that following information is needful 2. M e a n ± s t a n d a r d d e v i a t i o n , median (range) for pH, anion gap, bicarbonate level, osmolar gap, potassium, hemotocrit, hemodialysis durat ion (hours) and sess ions , ethanol treatment duration, serum methanol and ethanol levels 3. Serum methanol and ethanol levels b e f o r e a n d a f t e r c o n s e r va t i ve treatment 4. Serum methanol and ethanol levels before and after HD 5. Serum methanol and ethanol levels in surv ived and non-surv ived patients 6. Whether ocular toxicity correlates with serum methanol and ethanol levels and what were other predictors of ocular toxicity 7. What were predictors of mortality like serum methanol level, severe metabolic acidosis (pH), ventilator requirement and coma/seizure on admission? 8. Renal failure, electrolyte disturbance were indications of hemodialysis but how many patients had renal failure, what were reports renal function test and urine examination (for oxalate crystals) and what were etiology of renal failure. Renal failure is commonly observed with ethylene glycol poisoning. 9. What were serum calcium levels (to rule out ethylene-glycol associated hypocalcemia) 10. W h a t w e r e t h e e l e c t r o l y t e d i s t u r b a n c e s w h i c h r e q u i r e d hemodialysis and whether they were associated with electrocardiogram changes 11. The h igh an ion gap metabol i c acidosis is commonly associated with hyperkalemia. What could be etiology for hypokalemia with high anion gap metabolic acidosis on ABG in the study patients? 12. What were findings on postmortem examination? 13. W h e t h e r a c e t a m i n o p h e n a n d salicylate levels were done to rule out these common coingestions?
PABPC1 interacts with AGO2 and is responsible for the microRNA mediated gene silencing in high grade hepatocellular carcinoma

MicroRNAs (miRNA) have been considered as oncogenes, tumor suppressors, or modulators involved in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) today. As miRNA induces mRNA degradation or translation inhibition in RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), the changes in RISC and its interacted proteins might contribute to the functional alternations of miRNA. To explore the molecular function of RISC in HCC, we co-purified RISC interacted proteins by anti-AGO2 antibody and identified 12 AGO2 binding proteins by mass spectrometry. Among them, we found PABPC1 was over-expressed in HCC, especially in high grade HCC. Further studies showed PABPC1 interacted with AGO2 in the cytoplasm of HCC cells. This interaction increased the recruitment of mRNA to RISC and enhanced the inhibition efficiency of miRNA. In general, PABPC1 acted as an oncogene in HCC as it induced cell proliferation by promoting entry into the S phase and enhanced the anchorage independent growth. Our study identified a novel method by which the activities of miRNA could be enhanced with the increase of PABPC1 in HCC and could explain why several miRNAs play critical roles in HCC progression without clear level changes. This finding would benefit the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
INITIAL SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF THE GALACTIC GLOBULAR CLUSTER SYSTEM

Despite the importance of their size evolution in understanding the dynamical evolution of globular clusters (GCs) of the Milky Way, studies are rare that focus specifically on this issue. Based on the advanced, realistic Fokker-Planck (FP) approach, we predict theoretically the initial size distribution (SD) of the Galactic GCs along with their initial mass function and radial distribution. Over one thousand FP calculations in a wide parameter space have pinpointed the best-fit initial conditions for the SD, mass function, and radial distribution. Our best-fit model shows that the initial SD of the Galactic GCs is of larger dispersion than today's SD, and that typical projected half-light radius of the initial GCs is ~4.6 pc, which is 1.8 times larger than that of the present-day GCs (~2.5 pc). Their large size signifies greater susceptibility to the Galactic tides: the total mass of destroyed GCs reaches 3-5x10^8 M_sun$, several times larger than the previous estimates. Our result challenges a recent view that the Milky Way GCs were born compact on the sub-pc scale, and rather implies that (1) the initial GCs are generally larger than the typical size of the present-day GCs, (2) the initially large GCs mostly shrink and/or disrupt as a result of the galactic tides, and (3) the initially small GCs expand by two-body relaxation, and later shrink by the galactic tides.