SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Quantum dot fermi-hubbard emulators

We propose to use semiconductor quantum dot arrays as a well-controlled model system for emulating the Fermi-Hubbard Hamiltonian. In its simplest form, this Hamiltonian contains just two terms, describing hopping of fermions between adjacent sites in a lattice and an interaction energy for two fermions to occupy the same site. Despite its simplicity, this Hamiltonian produces a wealth of many-body physics phenomena, from exotic forms of magnetism to superconductivity. Their intricate quantum correlations make simulation on conventional computers exponentially difficult. This has motivated the use of model systems such as ultra-cold atoms to emulate Fermi-Hubbard physics.  The in-situ parameter control, large energy scales compared to temperature and the flexibility of lithography, make gate-defined quantum dot arrays a highly versatile and powerful model system for emulating Fermi-Hubbard physics. This has long remained a distant prospect due to unavoidable disorder and cross-talk, but recent progress in our lab shows that these obstacles can be overcome in small arrays. This allowed us to observe Nagaoka ferromagnetism, a form of magnetism driven by electron-electron interactions that has not been reported in any system so far.  In a series of breakthrough advances, we will define and operate extended square and triangular quantum dot ladders, targeting a complexity that cannot be matched by classical computers. We will focus on three phenomena at the heart of quantum many-body physics: 1) resonating-valence bond physics at half-filling, 2) doped Mott insulator physics and 3) quantum phase transitions. Besides measuring current through the system, we will perform single-shot measurements of charge and spin, giving access to multi-point correlation functions and time dependent evolution. These studies will increase our understanding of Fermi-Hubbard physics, with long-term application in materials design and discovery.
The Dialectic of the Spatial Determination of Capital: Rosa Luxemburg'sAccumulation of CapitalReconsidered

Rosa Luxemburg's The Accumulation of Capital sought to re-think the work of Marx for the era of imperialism by focusing on capitalism's spatial determination—its inherent drive to consume non-capitalist strata in order to realize surplus value. Although Luxemburg's approach has given rise to intense debates over the past century, the availability of numerous texts of Marx that were unknown in her lifetime—from the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 to his Ethnological Notebooks on pre-capitalist societies—makes it possible for us to finally determine the extent to which her theory of expanded reproduction extended Marx's insights or departed from them. A critical analysis of Luxemburg's work, this paper argues, can enable us to better appreciate the essence of Marx's critique of capitalism—the domination of “dead” labor (capital) over “living” labor as well as its meaning for today.
Re-Inventing ecosystem and land-surface models

Terrestrial ecosystems respond to changes in climate and the atmospheric environment, which they in turn help to regulate. As global change has become an international concern, high expectations have been laid on Earth system models with embedded ecosystem and biophysical land-surface components to deliver reliable, quantitative predictions of large-scale changes in ecosystems and their feedbacks to the climate system. But the lack of established quantitative theory for many fundamental processes – such as the long-term effects of temperature on primary production and carbon allocation, the sustainability and nutrient requirements of CO2 ‘fertilization’, and the regulation of green vegetation cover and its water use – has made such expectations impossible to fulfil. As a result, numerical models of land ecosystem processes continue stubbornly to disagree both with one another, and with benchmark data sets.

This impasse can be overcome, but not without re-thinking modelling practice. Theory must be re-instated as the required link between observations and models. Multidisciplinary data resources now available should be used far more extensively and creatively. Observational and experimental results should be integral to model development, not merely used for ‘end-of-pipe’ testing of complex, poorly constrained models. I propose to develop a comprehensive, next-generation vegetation model using eco-evolutionary optimality hypotheses to generate testable predictions, and multiple data sources to provide tests. Initial results have demonstrated the remarkable power of this ‘strong inference’ approach to explain patterns seen in nature. The project will transform the practice of global vegetation and land-surface modelling and in doing so, establish the foundations of a more robust, quantitative understanding of the role of terrestrial ecosystems in Earth System dynamics.
Evaluating high risks in large-scale projects using an extended VIKOR method under a fuzzy environment

The complexity of large-scale projects has led to numerous risks in their life cycle. This paper presents a new risk evaluation approach in order to rank the high risks in large-scale projects and improve the performance of these projects. It is based on the fuzzy set theory that is an effective tool to handle uncertainty. It is also based on an extended VIKOR method that is one of the well-known multiple criteria decisionmaking (MCDM) methods. The proposed decision-making approach integrates knowledge and experience acquired from professional experts, since they perform the risk identification and also the subjective judgments of the performance rating for high risks in terms of conflicting criteria, including probability, impact, quickness of reaction toward risk, event measure quantity and event capability criteria. The most notable difference of the proposed VIKOR method with its traditional version is just the use of fuzzy decision-matrix data to calculate the ranking index without the need to ask the experts. Finally, the proposed approach is illustrated with a real-case study in an Iranian power plant project, and the associated results are compared with two well-known decision-making methods under a fuzzy environment.
A PROCESS AND PLANT FOR PRODUCING ATOMIZED METAL POWDER, METAL POWDER AND THE USE OF THE METAL POWDER

The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing atomized metal powder in an atomization plant comprising a casting box, a reactor vessel, a powder container and sedimentation equipment. The production process takes place with controlled thermal balance. The invention also relates to an atomization plant, atomized metal powder and the use of the metal powder as coolant in the manufacture of steel.
Individual differences in children's reading and spelling strategies and the skills supporting strategy use

Abstract The present study examined individual differences in children's reading and spelling strategies and the child specific characteristics and cognitive skills predicting strategy use. One hundred and seventy two children (average age 7 years and 7 months, .64 SD) completed assessments of receptive vocabulary, reading frequency, decoding skill, orthographic processing skill, irregular word reading and spelling and standardised assessments of word reading and spelling. Analysis of children's reading and spelling errors illustrated that different cognitive skills predicted dependence on different strategies. In reading, decoding skill positively predicted a phonological strategy and inversely predicted an orthographic strategy. In spelling, orthographic processing skill positively predicted an orthographic strategy and inversely predicted a phonological strategy. Overall, a phonological reading strategy and orthographic spelling strategy were most closely associated with reading and spelling performance. Individual differences in children's reading and spelling strategies, the effectiveness of these strategies and the skills predicting strategy choice are discussed.
Brainpatch – breakthrough non-invasive brain stimulation using ai

The World Health Organization reports that various types of neurological disorders affect millions of people around the world, including for example 24 million that suffer from Alzheimer’s disease. Having a relative or a loved one affected by disorders of the central nervous system is devastating as it can change their personality, emotions and actions, but for many of those diseases there are still no adequate treatments. Not to mention the burden on the health system.

While most companies would focus on addressing a specific problem or a specific disease, BrainPatch approach aims to eventually address all the problems associated with boosting the brain functions, with alleviating the disorders and any diseases that are indirectly affected by it. Our core technology improves the effectiveness of the non-invasive brain stimulation and uses reinforcement machine learning algorithms for real-time optimisation. The technology entails simultaneous recording and stimulation of the brain signals using electrodes contacting the scalp. And the innovation is in adaptation of the stimulation protocol in real-time by using a machine learning algorithm in a closed loop. 

BrainPatch is a B2B platform for developing apps for non-invasive brain stimulation using AI. The business model relies on a community of AI developers developing and testing machine learning algorithms for real-time optimisation of stimulation protocol for each application for each individual. The technology will use blockchain-enabled infrastructure for ensuring secure records of efficacy, and for maximising safety and trust in the applications.

The economics of BrainPatch’s business are highly compelling. Since the potential end-users of BrainPatch are people who need to improve the brain performance or people who need to treat their mental disability, the Total Addressable Market is more than 212 bln EUR in EU28.
Perspective on natural orbital functional theory

The natural orbital functional (NOF) theory is briefly reviewed. The meaning of the top-down and bottom-up approaches for the construction of a NOF is analyzed. A particular reconstruction of the two-particle reduced density matrix (2-RDM) based on the cumulant expansion is discussed. The cumulant is expressed by two auxiliary matrices, which are constrained to certain bounds due to the N-representabilty conditions of the 2-RDM. Appropriate forms of these matrices lead to different implementations known in the literature as PNOFi (i = 1–5). The strengths and weaknesses of PNOF5 are assessed. Its main strength is its ability to deal with the intrapair electron correlation at a reasonable computational cost. Its main limitation is the absence of the interpair electron correlation. The inclusion of the missing correlation via a multiconfigurational perturbation theory is shortly described. The growing interest in methods based on NOF theory points to a promising future in this field. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relationship between phospholipase C zeta immunoreactivity and DNA fragmentation and oxidation in human sperm

The study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and reproducibility of measuring phospholipase C zeta (PLCζ) using immunostaining in human sperm and to investigate the relationship between PLCζ immunoreactivity and DNA fragmentation and oxidation in human sperm.Semen samples were obtained from participants (n=44) and processed by the conventional swim-up method. Sperm concentration, motility, normal form by strict morphology, DNA fragmentation index assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling method and immunofluorescent expression for 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and PLCζ were assessed.When duplicate PLCζ tests were performed on two sperm samples from each of the 44 participants, similar results were obtained (74.1±9.4% vs. 75.4±9.7%). Two measurements of PLCζ were found to be highly correlated with each other (r=0.759, P<0.001). Immunoreactivity of PLCζ was not associated with donor's age, sperm concentration, motility, and the percentage of normal form as well as DNA fragmentation index. However, immunoreactivity of PLCζ showed a significant negative relationship with 8-OHdG immunoreactivity (r=-0.404, P=0.009).Measurement of PLCζ by immunostaining is feasible and reproducible. Lower expression of PLCζ in human sperm may be associated with higher sperm DNA oxidation status.
The TRAPPIST survey of southern transiting planets. I. Thirty eclipses of the ultra-short period planet WASP-43 b

We present twenty-three transit light curves and seven occultation light curves for the ultra-short period planet WASP -43 b, in addition to eight new measurements of the radial velocity of the star. Thanks to this extensive data set, we improve significantly t he parameters of the system. Notably, the largely improved precision on the stellar density (2.41± 0.08ρ⊙) combined with constraining the age to be younger than a Hubble time allows us to break the degeneracy of the stellar solution mentioned in the discovery paper. The resulting stellar mass and size are 0.717± 0.025 M⊙ and 0.667± 0.011 R⊙. Our deduced physical parameters for the planet are 2.034± 0.052 MJup and 1.036± 0.019 RJup. Taking into account its level of irradiation, the high dens ity of the planet favors an old age and a massive core. Our deduced orbital eccentricity, 0.0035 +0.0060 −0.0025 , is consistent with a fully circularized orbit. We detect th e emission of the planet at 2.09µm at better than 11-σ, the deduced occultation depth being 1560± 140 ppm. Our detection of the occultation at 1.19µm is marginal (790± 320 ppm) and more observations are needed to confirm it. We pla ce a 3-σ upper limit of 850 ppm on the depth of the occultation at∼0.9µm. Together, these results strongly favor a poor redistribu tion of the heat to the night-side of the planet, and marginally favor a model with no day-side temperature inversion.
Some proximal methods for Poisson intensity CBCT and PET

Cone-Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) are two complementary medical imaging modalities providing respectively anatomic and metabolic information on a patient. In the context of public health, one must address the problem of dose reduction of the potentially harmful quantities related to each exam protocol : X-rays for CBCT and radiotracer for PET. Two demonstrators based on a technological breakthrough (acquisition devices work in photon-counting mode) have been developed. It turns out that in this low-dose context, i.e. for low intensity signals acquired by photon counting devices, noise should not be approximated anymore by a Gaussian distribution, but is following a Poisson distribution. We investigate in this paper the two related tomographic reconstruction problems. We formulate separately the CBCT and the PET problems in two general frameworks that encompass the physics of the acquisition devices and the specific discretization of the object to reconstruct. We propose various fast numerical schemes based on proximal methods to compute the solution of each problem. In particular, we show that primal-dual approaches are well suited in the PET case when considering non differentiable regularizations such as Total Variation. Experiments on numerical simulations and real data are in favor of the proposed algorithms when compared with well-established methods.
Do collective emotions drive bitcoin volatility? A triple regime-switching vector approach

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not.The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Ultracoherent force sensors

As part of our ERC-funded quest for quantum-enabled micro- and nanomechanical resonators, we have developed a novel type of ‘soft-clamped’ mechanical sensors. They combine phononic engineering via periodic patterning with high tensile stress. With unprecedented quality factors and low force noise, they provide a powerful platform for an array of force sensing techniques. Applications are expected not only in quantum technologies, but also materials science and nano-medicine, by improving nano-scale force imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance force microscopy. Importantly, reduced dissipation can render costly and complex cryogenic cooling obsolete in many of these applications. In this proof-of-concept project, we will (i) develop designs optimized for force sensitivity, guided by simulation tools already developed, (ii) stabilize the nanofabrication process to improve reliability and economy of the production (iii) further pursue and expand ownership of IPR, to form the basis of commercial exploitation, and (iv) develop a business case for ultracoherent force sensors. This will lay the foundation to the launch of start-up company, or joint commercial activity with existing suppliers, to commercially provide ultracoherent force sensors.
INTEGRATED PROCESSES FOR PARA-XYLENE PRODUCTION

Para-xylene production processes are disclosed, with such processes being integrated with extractive distillation or other separation to effectively separate, for example to remove and recover, ethylbenzene and other components that co-boil with the isomers of xylene. This allows for xylene isomerization, downstream of the separation of para-xylene from its other isomers, to be operated under milder conditions (e.g., liquid phase, absence of added hydrogen) without the need for ethylbenzene conversion. The associated decreased yields of byproducts such as light gases and non-aromatic hydrocarbons, together with the generation of purified ethylbenzene having value for styrene monomer production, can significantly improve overall process economics.
The abc of cell volume regulation

Cell volume regulation is crucial for any living cell because changes in volume determine the metabolic activity through e.g. changes in ionic strength, pH, macromolecular crowding and membrane tension. These physical chemical parameters influence interaction rates and affinities of biomolecules, folding rates, and fold stabilities in vivo. Understanding of the underlying volume regulatory mechanisms has immediate application in biotechnology and health, yet these factors are generally ignored in systems analyses of cellular functions.

My team has uncovered a number of mechanisms and insights of cell volume regulation. The next step forward is to elucidate how the components of a cell volume regulatory circuit work together and control the physicochemical conditions of the cell.

I propose construction of a synthetic cell in which an osmoregulatory transporter and mechanosensitive channel form a minimal volume regulatory network. My group has developed the technology to reconstitute membrane proteins into lipid vesicles (synthetic cells). One of the challenges is to incorporate into the vesicles an efficient pathway for ATP production and maintain energy homeostasis while the load on the system varies. We aim to control the transmembrane flux of osmolytes, which requires elucidation of the molecular mechanism of gating of the osmoregulatory transporter. We will focus on the glycine betaine ABC importer, which is one of the most complex transporters known to date with ten distinct protein domains, transiently interacting with each other. 

The proposed synthetic metabolic circuit constitutes a fascinating out-of-equilibrium system, allowing us to understand cell volume regulatory mechanisms in a context and at a level of complexity minimally needed for life. Analysis of this circuit will address many outstanding questions and eventually allow us to design more sophisticated vesicular systems with applications, for example as compartmentalized reaction networks.
Recent Advances in Passive Digital Image Security Forensics: A Brief Review

Abstract With the development of sophisticated image editing and manipulation tools, the originality and authenticity of a digital image is usually hard to determine visually. In order to detect digital image forgeries, various kinds of digital image forensics techniques have been proposed in the last decade. Compared with active forensics approaches that require embedding additional information, passive forensics approaches are more popular due to their wider application scenario, and have attracted increasing academic and industrial research interests. Generally speaking, passive digital image forensics detects image forgeries based on the fact that there are certain intrinsic patterns in the original image left during image acquisition or storage, or specific patterns in image forgeries left during the image storage or editing. By analyzing the above patterns, the originality of an image can be authenticated. In this paper, a brief review on passive digital image forensic methods is presented in order to provide a comprehensive introduction on recent advances in this rapidly developing research area. These forensics approaches are divided into three categories based on the various kinds of traces they can be used to track—that is, traces left in image acquisition, traces left in image storage, and traces left in image editing. For each category, the forensics scenario, the underlying rationale, and state-of-the-art methodologies are elaborated. Moreover, the major limitations of the current image forensics approaches are discussed in order to point out some possible research directions or focuses in these areas.
Parquet floor forming method, involves crushing filler adhesive after mutual locking of sections so that, after stiffening, elastic connection joint is formed for adhering adjacent strips and authorizing thin angular space between strips

The method involves applying a flexible and malleable filler adhesive (7) along a large side (2) of adjacent strips (1a, 1b) at the level located below interlocking sections (4-6). The filler adhesive is crushed after mutual locking of the sections and by following drawing down of the strip (1b) on the ground or on a horizontal support placed on the ground, so that, after stiffening, an elastic connection joint is formed for adhering the adjacent strips and for authorizing a thin angular space between the strips.