SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Design of selective lignin depolymerization routes by the means of biphasic solothermolysis.

The SolvoLig2Chem (solvothermolysis of lignin to chemicals) project deals with development of methods for production of green and sustainable aromatic monomers from extracted lignins (e.g. organosolv and formaldehyde treated lignin) by the means of solvothermolysis, a particularly promising thermochemical conversion technique combining relatively mild reaction conditions (170-250 °C, 1-2 MPa) with high yields of various monomers (e.g. catechols, guaiacols, cresols, alkylphenols, methoxybenzenes).  These compounds are high-value products in addition to being the only naturally generated replacement for aromatic monomers used extensively in the chemical industry. The overall aim of this project is to design and test selective solvothermal biphasic depolymerization (SBD) routes by the combination of experimental work, development of innovative analytical techniques, and theoretical studies of the reaction mechanisms. The objectives will be achieved by performing cutting-edge research at Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland, one of the leading research institutes within natural sciences in Europe. By combining a vivid research environment, extensive collaboration, excellent laboratory facilities, state-of-the-art analytical instrumentation, and large scale facilities (e.g. synchrotron radiation at Swiss Light Source, SLS), both the scientific (designing selective depolymerization routes for lignin) as well as the personal (training and development of the researcher leading to a position of scientific maturity) goals of this action will be reached. The potential benefits of the studied conversion technique are nearly unlimited: replacing petroleum as the main source of polymers and materials, promoting sustainable and green development, and mitigating the human impact on the environment and the climate.
Solar energy to biomass -  optimisation of light energy conversion in plants and microalgae

In the face of the increasing global consumption of fossil resources, photosynthetic organisms offer an attractive alternative that could meet our rising future needs as clean, renewable, sources of energy and for the production of fine chemicals. Key to the efficient exploitation of these organisms is to optimise the conversion of Solar Energy into Biomass (SE2B). The SE2B network deals with this optimisation in an interdisciplinary approach including molecular biology, biochemistry, biophysics and biotechnology. Regulation processes at the level of the photosynthetic membranes, integrating molecular processes within individual proteins up to flexible re-arrangements of the membranes, will be analysed as a dynamic network of interacting regulations. SE2B will yield information about the similarities and differences between cyanobacteria, green algae, diatoms and higher plants, the organisms most commonly employed in biotechnological approaches exploiting photosynthetic organisms, as well as in agriculture. 
The knowledge gained from understanding these phenomena will be directly transferred to increase the productivity of algal mass cultures for valuable products, and for the development of sophisticated analytic devices that are used to optimise this production. In future, the knowledge created can also be applicable to the design of synthetic cell factories with efficient light harvesting and energy conversion systems.
The SE2B network will train young researchers to work at the forefront of innovations that shape the bio-based economy. SE2B will develop a training program based on individual and network-wide training on key research and transferable skills, and will furthermore disseminate these results by open online courses prepared by the young researchers themselves.
Photoactivatable sensors and blinking dyes for live-cell, single-molecule localization microscopy

In this proposal, we introduce two new families of probes for live-cell super-resolution microscopy. The first class comprises small-molecule fluorescent sensors for detecting short-lived, small signaling molecules and active enzymes with single-molecule resolution. The spatiotemporal confinement of biological reactive molecules has been hypothesized to regulate various pathological and physiological processes, but the lack of tools to observe directly these microdomains of biochemical activity has precluded the investigation of these mechanisms. The ability to detect small signaling agents and active enzymes with nanometric resolution in intact live specimens will allow us to study the role of compartmentalization in intracellular signaling at an unprecedented resolution. Our studies will focus on detecting elusive reactive oxygen and nitrogen species directly at their sites of endogenous production. We will also investigate the subcellular distribution of protease activity, focusing on its role in non-apoptotic signaling.
The second class of probes encompasses a palette of fluorescent dyes that switch continuously between dark and emissive forms. This dynamic equilibrium will enable the localization of single molecules in a densely labeled field without the need to apply toxic light for photoactivation. Based on a novel switching mechanism, we will prepare dyes of various emission wavelengths that blink in a controlled way. These dyes will allow us to perform, for the first time, super-resolution, multicolor, time-lapse imaging of live specimens over long time. Initial studies will focus on tracking a transcription factor that migrates from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus to initiate a cellular stress response upon protein misfolding. These studies will provide spatiotemporal details of this important translocation, which takes more than one hour to occur and its observation at the single-molecule level is intractable with current super-resolution methods
Fracking and indoor radon: Spurious correlation or cause for concern?

Abstract Unconventional gas development (fracking) is controversial in large part because of environmental and health concerns. We consider the concern that fracking leads to more carcinogenic radon gas in nearby buildings. Our empirical approach estimates treatment effects where treatment is continuous (number of wells) and varies in intensity (distance to the wells) and in duration of exposure (the time since wells were drilled). The approach allows any potential effect of fracking to vary non-linearly with the distance between the well and test site and, holding distance constant, the time between drilling and testing. Our main model gives a precisely estimated zero effect of wells on radon concentrations in nearby buildings. It also reveals that energy firms drilled wells in places with higher pre-existing radon levels, which, if ignored, makes it appear that wells within 2 km increase indoor radon but wells 3 km away do not. This explains the finding of a prior study showing a link between drilling and indoor radon.
CONSTITUTIONAL VARUS AND THE RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION OF THE TIBIA AND FEMUR TO FRONTAL PLANE ALIGNMENT IN VARUS OSTEOARTHRITIC KNEES

The concept of constitutional varus and controversy regarding placing the total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in a neutral versus physiologic alignment in varus osteoarthritic (OA) patients is an important current discussion. However, the physiologic mechanical alignment of a varus OA knee is unknown and the relative contribution of the femur and tibia to the mechanical axis is unknown. The goal of this study was to determine and analyse the physiologic mechanical axis of medial OA knees. Plain radiographs of the knee and full-leg standing radiographs of 1558 patients were reviewed for inclusion criteria; 313 patients with a non-arthritic knee and a contralateral varus end-stage OA knee were analysed in the coronal plane. The Hip-Knee-Ankle (HKA), Condylar-Hip (CH)(femoral), Condylar-Plateau (CP) (intra-articular) and Plateau-Ankle (PA)(tibial) angles were measured for both the arthritic and non-arthritic/physiologic knee. The relationship and contribution of all angles was analysed for every 2° degrees of progressive varus: from 4° valgus to 8° varus. The proportion of patients with constitutional varus was also determined for the sample population and correlated with increasing HKA. The mean CH (femoral) angle was valgus in all groups and decreased with progressive varus alignment (p Correlation of unilateral arthritic knees to the unaffected, physiologic aligned knee using full-leg radiographs indicates that it may be possible to understand the patient9s physiologic, pre-arthritic coronal plane alignment. The mechanical axis of physiologic knees in a unilateral varus OA population demonstrates a variable contribution of the femur (CH) and tibia (PA) from overall valgus to varus alignment. In addition, a significant proportion of the sample population possessed constitutional varus. This may provide important information regarding the placement of physiologic TKA9s and direct future research questions.
Responsible Industries of the Mediterranean

For centuries the Mediterranean has been characterised for its important industry and trading sectors and has been considered the cradle of the civilisations who’s main activity is the commercialisation and exchange of products that are produced in Mediterranean countries. But in the latest decades the tourism and services sectors have grown to be much stronger than these traditional sectors. In some regions these traditional sectors have even disappeared or have become residual activities. This problem has been increased for the each more competitive and globalised world. RIMED project intend to improve and support the economic, technological and organisations potential in order to achieve a higher level of competitiveness, development, sustainability and growth lasting in the future creating, on the other hand an Industrial model to introduce the principles of the Corporate Social Responsibility in enterprises in order to make the Mediterranean a more competitive area based in the knowledge, innovation and sustainable and social development, in order to achieve some of the principles of the Lisbon Agenda and therefore, creating more and better jobs. For achieving these aims, the involvement of politicians and decision-makers will be an important tool to impact on public policies regarding industrial sector and CSR, and on the other hand the involvement of public an private bodies will be basic for the establishment of an European strategy.
Real-World Performance of the MiniMed™ 780G System: First Report of Outcomes from 4120 Users

Background: The MiniMed™ 780G system includes an advanced hybrid closed loop (AHCL) algorithm that provides both automated basal and correction bolus insulin delivery. The preliminary performance of the system in real-world settings was evaluated. Methods: Data uploaded from August 2020 to March 2021 by individuals living in Belgium, Finland, Italy, the Netherlands, Qatar, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom were aggregated and retrospectively analyzed to determine the mean glucose management indicator (GMI), percentage of time spent within (TIR), below (TBR), and above (TAR) glycemic ranges, system use, and insulin consumption in users having ≥10 days of sensor glucose (SG) data after initiating AHCL. The impact of initiating AHCL was evaluated in a subgroup of users also having ≥10 days of SG data, before AHCL initiation. Results: Users (N = 4120) were observed for a mean of 54 ± 32 days. During this time, they spent a mean of 94.1% ± 11.4% of the time in AHCL and achieved a mean GMI of 6.8% ± 0.3%, TIR of 76.2% ± 9.1%, TBR <70 of 2.5% ± 2.1%, and TAR >180 of 21.3% ± 9.4%, after initiating AHCL. There were 77.3% and 79.0% of users who achieved a TIR >70% and a GMI of <7.0%, respectively. Users for whom comparison with pre-AHCL was possible (N = 812) reduced their GMI by 0.4% ± 0.4% (P = 0.005) and increased their TIR by 12.1% ± 10.5% (P < 0.0001), post-AHCL initiation. More users achieved the glycemic treatment goals of GMI <7.0% (37.6% vs. 75.2%, P < 0.0001) and TIR >70% (34.6% vs. 74.9%, P < 0.0001) when compared with pre-AHCL initiation. Conclusion: Most MiniMed 780G system users achieved TIR >70% and GMI <7%, while minimizing hypoglycemia, in a real-world condition.
ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCER FOR MEASURING THE TRAVEL TIMES OF ULTRASONIC PULSES IN A GAS

The ultrasonic transducer comprises a piezoelectric radial oscillator (16), preferably of a piezoceramic, fitted with electrodes (18, 20) on both sides. To one side are applied a first and second matching layer (26, 32) the thickness (dA?, dB?) of which is smaller than a quarter of a natural wavelength ($g(l)) of the transducer. Thus no resonance matching is performed here. On the other side of the radial oscillator (16) is secured a damper (36). a needle-pulse voltage (U(t)) is applied to the electrodes (18, 20) by capacitor discharge. The composite action of the radial oscillator (16) and the two matching layers (26, 32) then results in thickness oscillation owing to radial-thickness coupling. The aforementioned natural wavelength ($g(l)) of the transducer is then the one which is produced as a result of natural resonance during thickness oscillation. The first three half-waves (1, 2, 3) of the ultrasonic pulse (I(t)) released on excitation at the most are evaluated.
Hyperfine interactions and irreversible magnetic behavior in multiferroic Aurivillius compounds

Multiferroics in which ferroelectric and ferro(antiferro-) magnetic (and/or ferroelastic) properties are simultaneously combined in one material are a subject of intensive research due to prospective applications as, e.g. next-generation memory storage materials [11]. The Aurivillius phases of the Bi4Ti3O12-BiFeO3 system are described by the general formula Bim+1Ti3Fem–3O3m+3 where m denotes the number of perovskite-like layers per slab and 3 ≤ m ≤ 13 [5]. With increasing m significant changes occur in the physical properties of these materials, e.g. the lattice parameter c of the orthorhombic unit cell increases from 32.80 A for m = 3 up to 81.25 A for m = 9 [5]. The compounds are semiconductors with two phase transitions in the temperature ranges of 933–1033 K and 1073–1123 K confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry and temperature dependencies of dielectric constant [4]. It was found that the ferroelectric Curie temperature TC increases with m number, then decreases for m = 4–6 and for m > 6 a plateau in the dependence TC(m) can be observed [5]. While the structure, thermal stability and electric properties of the Aurivillius compounds are relatively well known, their magnetic properties are still not well recognized. At room temperature these compounds combine the ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic propHyperfine interactions and irreversible magnetic behavior in multiferroic Aurivillius compounds Elzbieta Jartych, Karolina Gąska, Janusz Przewoźnik, Czeslaw Kapusta, Agata Lisinska-Czekaj, Dionizy Czekaj, Zbigniew Surowiec
Insects for a sustainable aquaculture

Question: What is the main cost driver of aquaculture? Answer: Feed. As protein intake of farmed fish comes mainly from wild caught animals and transgenic soybean flours, feed cost accounts for up to 60% of sales. Overall, commercially available solutions are limited in quantity, nutritionally unsatisfactory, financially unbalanced and ecologically disastrous.
Innovafeed is an ambitious start-up in the aquaculture industry, set to revolutionize how fish farmers and ingredient manufacturers apprehend feeding, by bringing economic and environmental sustainability to insect farming. IFASA’s objective is to scale-up the innovative, sustainable, proprietary and cost-effective insect-based production technology the company has developed. It will allow the transformation of low-value agricultural by-products, into high quality nutrients for aquaculture, thereby answering the needs expressed by feed companies, fish and land farmers.
This technology is based on Innovafeed’s and its partners’ long lasting expertise in optimizing an insect rearing process and obtaining a product answering fish nutritional needs, as embodied in a first lab-scale production unit able to produce small batches of insects. It also strongly benefits from the company’s market proximity, as 85% of fish farmers already contacted have expressed a strong interest for the project and 12 asked to be supplied with some insect-based feed as soon as possible.
During phase 1, Innovafeed will scale-up its farming unit by (a) optimizing the egg production and breeding systems, (b) pursuing regulatory and scientific lobbying initiatives, (c) refining its IP and business strategies, (d) testing the nutritional properties of its feed and (e) continuing on site tests to prepare for phase 2. The main deliverable will be an updated business plan enabling Innovafeed to seize this huge business opportunity. This feasibility study is an essential first step before large-scale industrial production.
What patients want: relevant health information technology for diabetes self-management

Health information technology has great potential to promote efficiency in patient care and increase patient-provider communication, and patient engagement in their treatment. This paper explored qualitatively what patients with type 2 diabetes want from electronic resources that are designed to support their diabetes self-management. Data were collected via interviews and focus groups from managed care patients who had completed participation in either a web-based (MyPath) or in-person group-based (¡Viva Bien!) longitudinal diabetes self-management study. Content analysis identified common themes that highlighted participant interest in virtual and electronic programs to support diabetes self-management goals, and their desired content and features. Eighteen ¡Viva Bien! participants completed telephone interviews and 30 MyPath participants attended seven focus groups in 2010-2011. All participants expressed a preference for face-to-face contact; however, most participants were also interested in using technology as a tool to support daily diabetes self-management decisions and to receive tailored information. Choice of technology, personalized instruction on how to use program features, and the ability to exchange information with their healthcare team were desired by all participants. Participants were divided on whether virtual social support networks should be closed to friends and family, should include other program members (peers), or should be open to anyone with diabetes. Participants aged 65 and older stressed the desire for technical support. What patients wanted from technology is real-time assistance with daily behavioral decision-making, ability to share information with their healthcare team, connections with others for support, and choice.
A review on antimicrobial efficacy of some traditional medicinal plants in Tamilnadu

Abstract Infectious diseases are one of the major problems in developing as well as developed countries. Traditional medicinal plants are widely used to treat the microbial diseases due to their rich source of antimicrobial activity and less cost. The different plant parts such as seed, fruit, root, bark, stem, leaf and even the whole plant were extracted using different solvents like ethanol, methanol, chloroform, acetone, petroleum ether, alcohol, and ethyl acetate. These extracts were tested by diffusion method against gram positive, gram negative bacteria and fungi to assess their antimicrobial activity. This review provides a lucid data of nearly 70 traditional medicinal plants with antimicrobial activity and this would open up the scope for further analysis of medicinal plant extracts to develop effective antimicrobial drugs.
Convergent Evolution of Hydrogenosomes from Mitochondria by Gene Transfer and Loss

Abstract Hydrogenosomes are H2-producing mitochondrial homologs found in some anaerobic microbial eukaryotes that provide a rare intracellular niche for H2-utilizing endosymbiotic archaea. Among ciliates, anaerobic and aerobic lineages are interspersed, demonstrating that the switch to an anaerobic lifestyle with hydrogenosomes has occurred repeatedly and independently. To investigate the molecular details of this transition, we generated genomic and transcriptomic data sets from anaerobic ciliates representing three distinct lineages. Our data demonstrate that hydrogenosomes have evolved from ancestral mitochondria in each case and reveal different degrees of independent mitochondrial genome and proteome reductive evolution, including the first example of complete mitochondrial genome loss in ciliates. Intriguingly, the FeFe-hydrogenase used for generating H2 has a unique domain structure among eukaryotes and appears to have been present, potentially through a single lateral gene transfer from an unknown donor, in the common aerobic ancestor of all three lineages. The early acquisition and retention of FeFe-hydrogenase helps to explain the facility whereby mitochondrial function can be so radically modified within this diverse and ecologically important group of microbial eukaryotes.
Chromatin structure and radiation-induced DNA damage: From structural biology to radiobiology

Genomic DNA in eukaryotic cells is basically divided into chromosomes, each consisting of a single huge nucleosomal fiber. It is now clear that chromatin structure and dynamics play a critical role in all processes involved in DNA metabolism, e.g. replication, transcription, repair and recombination. Radiation is a useful tool to study the biological effects of chromatin alterations. Conversely, radiotherapy and radiodiagnosis raise questions about the influence of chromatin integrity on clinical features and secondary effects. This review focuses on the link between DNA damage and chromatin structure at different scales, showing how a comprehensive multiscale vision is required to understand better the effect of radiations on DNA. Clinical aspects related to high- and low-dose of radiation and chromosomal instability will be discussed. At the same time, we will show that the analysis of the radiation-induced DNA damage distribution provides good insight on chromatin structure. Hence, we argue that chromatin "structuralists" and radiobiological "clinicians" would each benefit from more collaboration with the other. We hope that this focused review will help in this regard.