SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Audio recording and playback of Embedded System base on I2S bus

This paper presents the way of audio recording and playback of Embedded System base on I2S bus,using the LPC2478 microcontroller and UDA1380 Stereo audio coder-decoder.Firstly,discusses the principle of I2S bus,the characteristics of LPC2478 ' s I2S bus interface and UDA1380 Stereo audio coder-decoder.Secondly,elaborates on the design of hardware interface between LPC2478 and UDA1380:audio data is transmitted on I2S bus,and control information is accomplished through L3 bus.Thirdly,explicates the design of software:using the I/O pin simulates L3 bus to initialize the UDA1380 codec,the audio data input and output interfaces of LPC2478 are all initialized to master mode,and connected to GPDMA,explicates the designs of GPDMA drivers to process audio data and diagram flow of audio recording and playback program.
METHOD OF DETECTING ANALYTES IN A SAMPLE AND SUPPORT FOR THIS PURPOSE

The invention relates to a method of detecting analytes in a sample. According to said method, analyte-specific binders (15) are immobilized on a plurality of detection fields (5, 7) on one of the planar faces of a disk-shaped substrate (3). The sample is contacted with said detection fields (5, 7) and the presence or/and the quantity of the analytes (17) to be detected is determined by optically evaluating the detection fields (5, 7). According to the invention, a substrate (3) is used that is produced from an optically transparent material. The detection fields (5, 7) are arranged along at least one spiral line (27) distributed across the substrate (3). After the sample has been contacted with the detection fields (5, 7), a reflecting layer (21) is flatly applied on the substrate (3) on the planar face carrying the detection fields (5, 7). Alternatively, a magnetic read-out of the substrate can be made instead of the optical read-out.
CHANGES IN SOME BIOPHYSICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN BLOOD AND URINE OF WORKERS CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO BENZENE

Objective: Benzene may occur naturally as a component of petroleum, or may be manufactured synthetically. It is found in the environment as a contaminant from both human activities and natural processes, posing serious bio-hazards from chronic exposure. Methods: A total of 330 individual were enrolled to study possible health hazards of benzene contamination; 265 males occupationally chronically exposed to low levels of benzene in their daily activity were compared to 65 healthy individuals of the same socio-economic standard. Benzene workers were divided between 45 workers in printing shops, 70 subjects dealing with benzene containing paints (painters), 75 subjects working in professions related to automotive work (autoworkers) and 75 car drivers. Results: benzene itself was not detected in blood or urine of all participants, but the levels of its metabolites; phenol and t,t-muconic acid, were higher in the blood and urine samples in the group of benzene-exposed workers. The results also indicate that individuals in this group are under oxidative stress. However, neither the determined liver function nor the kidney function tests showed significant deviation from controls. However, the results of the ﻿biophysical hematological parameters, including the degree of hemolysis, blood viscosity, RBCs aggregation and form factor were significantly deviated from normal. Conclusion: The deviation of the determined biochemical and biophysical parameters from normal may predispose such workers to a variety of health problems. Early correction of the oxidative stress and the hematological parameters and improvement of working conditions are necessary to prevent their progress to more serious health conditions, especially in children and young adolescents working under similar conditions. Running Title : Chronic exposure to benzene in work place
The Effect of CO2 on Copper Partitioning in Sulfur- Free and Sulfur-Bearing Felsic Melt-Vapor-Brine Assemblages

Analysis of fluid inclusions from porphyry copper deposits (PCD) reveals that magmatic vapor and/or brine are vital for the removal of copper from arc magmas and its transport to the site of ore formation. Experiments in melt-vapor-brine systems allow for investigating the partitioning of copper between silicate melts and volatile phases under magmatic conditions. The presence of CO 2 affects both the pressure of vapor saturation and the composition of exsolving volatile phases. However, PCD are primarily sulfide ore deposits, and the role of sulfur must also be examined as part of magmatic-hydrothermal experiments. Therefore, the partitioning of copper in CO 2 ± S-bearing experiments was examined in an attempt to provide insights into copper partitioning and the generation of PCD.

	I present the results from experiments performed at 800 °C and 100 MPa in CO 2 -bearing melt-vapor-brine systems with X CO2 = 0.10 and 0.38. The compositions of vapor and brine inclusions and run-product glasses were used to determine the compositions of the magmatic phases. The partitioning of copper between brine and vapor (D Cu b/v ±2σ) increases from 25(±6) to 100 (±30) for sulfur-free experiments and increases from 11(±3) to 95(±23) for sulfur-bearing experiments as X CO2 is increased from 0.10 to 0.38. The partitioning of copper between vapor and melt (D Cu v/m ±2σ) decreases from 9.6(±3.3) (sulfur-free, HCl-bearing), 18(±8) (sulfur-bearing, HCl-free), and 30(±11) (sulfur-bearing, HCl-bearing) at X CO2 = 0.10, to 2(±0.8)(HCl-free) at X CO2 = 0.38, sulfur-free or sulfur-bearing. These data demonstrate that copper partitioning in sulfur-free, CO 2 -bearing systems is controlled by the changes in the salinity of the vapor and brine corresponding to changes in X CO2 . Sulfur-bearing experiments demonstrate that magmatic vapors are enriched in copper in the presence of sulfur at low X CO2 . However, the enrichment of copper in the magmatic vapor is suppressed for sulfur-bearing systems at high X CO2 .

	The MVPart model presented by Candela and Piccoli (1998) was modified to incorporate CO 2 to predict trends in efficiency of removal of copper into exsolving CO 2 -bearing magmatic volatile phases. The CO 2 -MVPart model predicts two to three times lower efficiency for CO 2 -rich (X CO2 = 0.38) magmatic volatile phases compared to low-CO 2 (X CO2 ≤ 0.10) systems.
Pseudohyponatremia revisited: a modern-day pitfall.

Abstract Factitiously low sodium estimations are a hazard in most modern clinical laboratories. Most modern high-throughput analyzers use indirect ion-selective electrodes to estimate electrolyte concentrations in serum samples. This analysis is preceded by a dilution step of the sample. If the water concentration is altered by the presence of increased lipid or protein, the dilution step and the subsequent calculation of concentration by the analyzer results in a falsely low sodium value. This places patients at risk, particularly if the factitious result is acted upon by the physician. In this short review, we highlight this problem and review the methodology and situations where this artifact can occur and discuss strategies to circumvent this problem. When factitious results are suspected, whole blood sodium can be assessed using a direct ion-selective electrode, by measurement of osmolality, or by calculation of the serum water fraction and applying a correction to the reported value.
A Systematic Review of the Volume–Outcome Relationship for Radical Prostatectomy

Due to the complexity and challenging nature of radical prostatectomy (RP), it is likely that both short- and long-term outcomes strongly depend on the cumulative number of cases performed by the surgeon as well as by the hospital.To review systematically the association between hospital and surgeon volume and perioperative, oncologic, and functional outcomes after RP.A systematic review of the literature was performed, searching PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases for original and review articles between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2011. Inclusion and exclusion criteria comprised RP, hospital and/or surgeon volume reported as a predictor variable, a measurable end point, and a description of multiple hospitals or surgeons.Overall 45 publications fulfilled the inclusion criteria, where most data originated from retrospective institutional or population-based cohorts. Studies generally focused on hospital or surgeon volume separately. Although most of these analyses corroborated the impact of increasing volume with better outcomes, some failed to find any significant effect. Studies also differed with respect to the proposed volume cut-off for improved outcomes, as well as the statistical means of evaluating the volume-outcome relationship. Five studies simultaneously compared hospital and surgeon volume, where results suggest that the importance of either hospital or surgeon volume largely depends on the end point of interest.Undeniable evidence suggests that increasing volume improves outcomes. Although it would seem reasonable to refer RP patients to high-volume centers, such regionalization may not be entirely practical. As such, the implications of such a shift in practice have yet to be fully determined and warrant further exploration.
Mediation of stem cell identity and aging by proteostasis

By 2050, the global population over the age of 80 will triple. Thus, research for improving the quality of life at older age can be of enormous benefit for our ever-aging society. To address this challenge we propose an innovative approach based on a combination of stem cell research with genetic experiments in C. elegans. Mechanisms that promote protein homeostasis (proteostasis) slow down aging and decrease the incidence of age-related diseases. Since human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) replicate continuously in the absence of senescence, we hypothesize that they can provide a novel paradigm to study proteostasis and its demise in aging. We have found that hESCs exhibit increased proteasome activity. Moreover, we have uncovered that the proteasome subunit RPN-6 is required for this activity and sufficient to extend healtshpan in C. elegans. However, the mechanisms by which the proteasome regulates hESC function remain unknown. Our first aim is to define how the proteasome regulates not only hESC identity but also aging and the onset of age-related diseases. Moreover, one of the next challenges is to define how other proteostasis pathways impinge upon hESC function. We hypothesize that, in addition to the proteasome, hESCs differentially regulate other subcellular stress response pathways designed to protect them from disequilibrium in the folding and degradation of their proteome. We will perform a comprehensive study of proteostasis of hESCs and mimic this network in somatic cells to alleviate age-related diseases. Finally, we will determine whether loss of proteostasis promotes somatic stem cell (SC) exhaustion, which is one of the most obvious characteristics of the aging process and contributes to tissue degeneration. By using mouse models we will examine whether sustained proteostasis delays neural SC exhaustion. Our research will have an impact in several fields such as stem cell research, neurogenesis, proteostasis, aging and age-related diseases.
International trade, female labor and entrepreneurship in MENA countries

Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries stand out in international comparisons of de jure obstacles to female employment and entrepreneurship. These obstacles manifest themselves in low rates of female labor participation, entrepreneurship, and ownership. Recent research suggests a connection between international trade and female labor participation. In this article, the authors focus on the relationship between international trade and gender in the MENA countries. They first analyze female labor as a production factor and then focus on female entrepreneurship and firm ownership. The authors use country- and industry-level data to identify countries and industries characterized by a comparative advantage in female labor. They find evidence suggesting a strong link between a country’s specialization and its measures of female labor participation consistent with theories of brain-based technological bias and factor endowments trade theories. Using firm-level data, the authors then study whether trade empowers female entrepreneurs in country/industry pairs that exhibit comparative advantage. They conclude that the evidence supports the view that exposure to trade disproportionately affects firms in country/industry pairs with a comparative advantage in female labor—both in terms of female employment and female entrepreneurship and ownership—for the MENA countries and the period they study.
Massive Media Event Data Analysis to Assess World-Wide Political Conflict and Instability

Mining massive daily news media data to infer patterns of cultural trends, including political conflicts and instabilities, is an important goal of computational social science and the new interdisciplinary field called “culturnomics.” While the sheer size of media data makes this task challenging, a greater hurdle is the nonstationarity of data, manifested in several ways, which invalidates surge in media coverage as a reliable indicator of political change. We demonstrate the use of advanced statistical, information-theoretic, and random fractal methods to analyze CAMEO-encoded political events data. In particular, we show that on the country level, event distributions obey a Zipf-Mandelbrot law, and interactions among countries follow an exponential law, indicating that local or prioritized events dominate the political environment of a country. Most importantly, we find that world-wide political instabilities, such as the Arab Spring, are associated with breakdown or enhancement of long-range correlations in political events.KeywordsEvent DataMedia CoveragePolitical EventHurst ParameterRandom Walk ProcessThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Have applications of continuous rainfall–runoff simulation realized the vision for process‐based flood frequency analysis?

Keith Beven was amongst the first to propose and demonstrate a combination of conceptual rainfall–runoff modelling and stochastically generated rainfall data in what is known as the ‘continuous simulation’ approach for flood frequency analysis. The motivations included the potential to establish better links with physical processes and to avoid restrictive assumptions inherent in existing methods applied in design flood studies. Subsequently, attempts have been made to establish continuous simulation as a routine method for flood frequency analysis, particularly in the UK. The approach has not been adopted universally, but numerous studies have benefitted from applications of continuous simulation methods. This paper asks whether industry has yet realized the vision of the pioneering research by Beven and others. It reviews the generic methodology and illustrates applications of the original vision for a more physically realistic approach to flood frequency analysis through a set of practical case studies, highlighting why continuous simulation was useful and appropriate in each case. The case studies illustrate how continuous simulation has helped to offer users of flood frequency analysis more confidence about model results by avoiding (or exposing) bad assumptions relating to catchment heterogeneity, inappropriateness of assumptions made in (UK) industrystandard design event flood estimation methods, and the representation of engineered or natural dynamic controls on flood flows. By implementing the vision for physically realistic analysis of flood frequency through continuous simulation, each of these examples illustrates how more relevant and improved information was provided for flood risk decision-making than would have been possible using standard methods. They further demonstrate that integrating engineered infrastructure into flood frequency analysis and assessment of environmental change are also significant motivations for adopting the continuous simulation approach in practice
Use of Animal Information and Trait Preferences for Making Breeding Decisions on Smallholder Dairy Farms

ABSTRACTSmallholder dairy farmers aim to maximize the proportion of potentially high milk yielding dairy genotypes in their herds as a breeding strategy to increase milk production for home consumption and cash income. This study describes how farmers aiming at attaining increased milk yield practice animal identification and recording; source breeding stock; determine animal performance and the usefulness of such information; and preferences that farmers express for specific traits when choosing a sire or a dam for mating. Data on these parameters was obtained through a stratified random sampling survey in milk deficit and milk surplus regions. Data were analysed using descriptive, non-parametric test statistics and logistic regression modelling. Cattle identification was predominantly by naming and rarely by ear tagging, while cattle recording was predominantly on production and breeding history of the stock. Farmers obtained their replacement stock from farm reared cattle and from fellow farmers. Breed...
Spring biased latching arrangement for a refrigerator door

A latching arrangement for a refrigerator positively latches a door of the refrigerator. The refrigerator includes a housing. The door pivotally coupled to the housing. A striker is connected to the housing. The latching arrangement is carried by the door. The latching arrangement includes a handle and a pawl. The handle is connected to the door for movement between a first position and a second position. The handle defining at least one cam surface. The pawls is connected to the door for movement between a latched position engaged with the striker for securing the door in a closed position and an unlatched position allowing the door to be pivoted from the closed position. The pawl includes a cam follower that cooperates with the at least one cam surface such that movement of the handle from the first position to the second position moves the pawl from the latched position to the unlatched position. The latch is partly or completely concealed in the door edge.
Internet addiction is associated with social anxiety in young adults.

Problematic Internet use or excessive Internet use is characterized by excessive or poorly controlled preoccupations, urges, or behaviors regarding computer use, and Internet access that leads to impairment or distress. Cross-sectional studies on samples of patients reported high comorbidity of Internet addiction with psychiatric disorders, especially affective disorders (including depression), anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.We have investigated the association between Internet addiction and social anxiety in 2 samples of 120 university students (60 males and 60 females in each sample).We found a correlation between Internet addiction and social anxiety in the 2 samples (r=0.411, P<.001; r=0.342, P<.01) respectively. Secondly, we found no difference between males and females on the level of Internet addiction. Thirdly, we did not find a preference for social networks among participants with high levels of social anxiety.The results of the study support previous evidence for co-occurrence of Internet addiction and social anxiety, but further studies need to clarify this association.
Investigating ror2-dependent non-canonical wnt signaling in bone remodeling

Wnt signaling is composed of the canonical and non-canonical pathways. Canonical Wnt signaling is dependent on β-catenin activation and has become a major focus for targeting osteoblast-mediated bone formation in the context of treating the debilitating disease osteoporosis. However, much less is known about the role of the non-canonical pathway in bone formation. Unpublished data of the host laboratory demonstrates that targeted deletion of the non-canonical Wnt signaling Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (Ror2) in osteoblasts in mice causes a high bone turnover with increased bone formation and enhanced osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. I thus hypothesize that Ror2 regulates bone remodeling by altering signaling in osteoblasts and their interaction with osteoclasts. In Aim I, I will determine cell autonomous effects of Ror2 on osteoblasts by analyzing cell differentiation, proliferation, survival, and by performing functional studies both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, since osteoblasts provide pro- and anti-differentiation signals to osteoclasts, Aim I will further explore if Ror2 alters the activity of these signals and investigate the resulting phenotypic changes in osteoclast function. In Aim II, I will undertake an in-depth experimental approach combined with an innovative bioinformatics analysis to investigate the osteoblast-specific non-canonical Wnt signaling cascade downstream of Ror2 after reconstituting Ror2-deficient cells with wild type or Ror2 mutants. Lastly, in Aim III I will directly address the therapeutic potential of Ror2 in several in vivo bone turnover models utilizing a chimeric Ror2-Fc soluble receptor. In summary, I will use state of the art in vivo and in vitro approaches to delineate the downstream Ror2 signaling cascade in osteoblasts and its functional effect on bone remodeling. This fellowship is instrumental in catalyzing career opportunities for me as it provides an ideal environment to reach my full potential.
Kommerzialisierung der innovativen Produkte von Data-bak durch Umsetzung von Prozessinnovationsaktivitäten

Das Projekt befasst sich mit dem Hauptproblem des Unternehmens, einem niedrigeren internationalen Wettbewerber und der Unfähigkeit, diversifizierten Marktbedürfnissen gerecht zu werden. Dafür gibt es zwei Hauptursachen: die strukturellen Nachteile des Sortiments und (ii) die technologische – technische Unzulänglichkeit der Prozesse, die notwendig sind, um die Produktion anspruchsvoller innovativer Produkte zu starten. Mit der Umsetzung des Projekts plant das Unternehmen, 3 Geschäftsprozesse (Produktion, Qualitätskontrolle und Beschaffung) zu erneuern und die Voraussetzungen für eine erfolgreiche Vermarktung von 2 Gruppen innovativer Produkte auf dem Weltmarkt zu sichern. Das Projekt wird zu einem Umsatzwachstum von 23 % und 5 neuen Arbeitsplätzen führen. Die Zielgruppen des Projekts sind das Unternehmen selbst und seine Mitarbeiter.
Study on the Specificity of Modern Prison Building Design

Prison building is a most important part (hardware) of prison management system. It plays a significant role in the development of prison. Architectural design of prison is a multi-field and multi-subject research topic. China’s researches on this area, which is lack of independent and mature theoretical system, fall behind western countries’. Our architectural design and construction of prison are advancing in the dark. This thesis tries to propose the author’s ideas and suggestions based on the design specificity and management mode of China’s prison. The author hopes to set up the principles and methods of architectural design of prison and provide theoretical suggestions for the design and research of prison buildings in the future.