SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
History and impact of neuroimaging on society

The development of neuroimaging techniques, such as computed axial tomography (CAT scanning), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), has been one of the major biomedical achievements of the past hundred years. These techniques allow the in vivo visualisation of the brain and gave new impetus to medicine, neurology, psychiatry, psychology, philosophy, economics and related fields by providing two unprecedented types of insight. 

Nations worldwide are making unprecedented investments in neuroimaging-related research: key projects include the European Human Brain Project, which is a H2020 FET Flagship Project (started in 2013, $1.2 billion), the US BRAIN Initiative (2013, $1 billion) and the Japanese Brain/MINDS (2014, $310m).

Neuroimaging breakthroughs are making history, but the history of neuroimaging needs to be comprehensively assessed and the impact of neuroimaging on our society still needs to be properly defined. These are the key aims of this MSC Action, which is aimed at developing the first interdisciplinary platform worldwide on the history and impact of neuroimaging. 

Investigating neuroimaging in a historical perspective will fundamentally contribute to an integrated understanding of how neuroimaging has been shaping and is shaping biomedicine, culture and society. A critical history of the ways in which we see and study the brain is also crucial to increase the awareness about past and current research with neuroimaging, to involve the general public in a constructive debate about neuroscientific and societal challenges, and to promote a scientific culture about neuroimaging techniques and their applications.
ANNEALING METHOD

The invention relates to a method for the manufacture of a steel sheet, in a device comprising a pre-heating section, a heating section having a maximal heating rate and a soaking section comprising a calibrating step, a recrystallization annealing and a soaking and a coating step. The calibration step permits to define a lower dew point permitting to achieve a predefined quality target.
Analysis of Earth Tide as Whole Earth Forced Oscillation and Its Computation: Report

A study of body tide of the earth is reported. The equation of motion for body tide is stated and is converted into a set of first-order dierential equations. Love numbers, which are the ratios - a ratio between the tide-raising gravity potential due to the moon and the sun and the gravity potential due to the tidal deformation itself, and two other associated ratios are acquired. The procedures to acquire Love numbers and to calculate the gravity tide are described. Direct formulae for tidal perturbations in other geophysical observables are presented. Finally, recent studies of tide are summarized, and on-going Korean research is described.
HYDRAULICALLY ACTUATED PUMP FOR LONG DURATION MEDICAMENT ADMINISTRATION

Presently disclosed is a hydraulic pump device and its use thereof, especially in a fluid delivery system. In one embodiment, the fluid delivery system is an inexpensive, single-use device for slow dosing medicament applications. The fluid delivery system may employ a spring-compressed bellows crank or other combination of simple mechanisms operating according to the well-known peristaltic principle to force a volume of ultrapure bio-inert hydraulic fluid through an aperture, thereby expanding one chamber of a two chamber hydraulic cylinder. The second, fluid storage chamber, containing the medicament, is emptied through a conventional orifice in response to the expansion of the pump chamber. The medicament may thence flow through any suitable infusion set into a patient removeably attached thereto.
Turbulent rotating convection to the extreme

The aim of this project is to understand the processes involved in heat and energy transfer of geostrophic turbulent convection, to identify the structure of this seemingly featureless flow, and to model its global convective heat transfer based on these new insights. The geostrophic regime of turbulent rotating convection is relevant for many geophysical and astrophysical flows. The flow behaviour in this regime displays significant and unexpected differences with the traditionally studied regime, making extrapolations impossible. Heat-transfer models of geophysical and astrophysical flows are an essential part of assessing their energy balance for e.g. climate modelling. Geostrophic turbulent convection is characterised by combined strong thermal forcing and rapid rotation, making it hard to replicate in experiments and computations.We propose a revolutionary experiment capable of covering an unprecedented part of this new regime. Heat-flux measurements and optical diagnostics of the flow using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry are featured. The experiment is complemented with highly optimised parallel computations to gain access to additional flow information in parts of the parameter range. The focus is on the small-scale energy transfer processes and the influence of presence or absence of (Ekman-type) boundary layers, both of which are decisive for the flow organisation into structures and subsequently for the global heat transfer. We will characterise the heat transfer and energy cascade processes in the flow as a function of the governing parameters quantifying buoyant forcing and rotation. We will address open questions on the heat-flux scaling of geostrophic convection and its dependence on the types of coherent structures being formed, effects of boundary-layer dynamics and energy cascade mechanisms in the flow. These insights will allow us to model the heat flux, a crucial result for the understanding of convection in geo- and astrophysics.
Predicting Service Composition Costs with Complex Cost Behavior

Nowadays, many companies expose their competencies as services on the Internet to facilitate the cooperation with their customers. This situation has created a new marketplace where services have been provided with similar functionality but different qualities such as cost, performance, and reliability. In this scenario, service composition providers have faced the challenge of choosing services that fulfill an expected quality without compromising a planned budget. This challenge is even more stringent when services have different cost behaviors. As a consequence, services can be less expensive than others in a scenario and be more expensive in others. Several approaches have been proposed to address cost analysis of service compositions. However, these approaches have not considered all classes of possible cost behaviors, e.g., Fixed, variable, mixed and step cost. This paper addresses this limitation by proposing a solution to analyze costs of service compositions taking into account service reliability and all classes of cost behaviors. In order to evaluate the proposed solution, we carried out some experiments that show its effectiveness.
New shape and drives for the tourism sector: supporting decision, integrating plans and ensuring sustainability.

Shapetourism improves the tourism knowledge framework, providing analysis and operational tools to pinpoint an integrated methodology to shape and drive tourism sustainable growth, particularly for Cultural Destinations.It supports policymakers and private operators to achieve: attractiveness, growth and sustainability, taking into account the major challenges of global competition. Starting from the capitalization of scientific studies and from tourism established patterns, the project gears towards the balance between divergent public and private interests with the final scope to drive tourism development to an holistic, highly operational and sustainable approach._x000D_
Project provides: 1) Smart Tourism Data System, to arrange recommendations and scenarios, to improve attractiveness and competitiveness of territorial assets. 2) Planning Solutions to tackle territorial assets sustainable exploitation, while balancing conflicts between landscape conservation and tourism growth pressures and tailoring responses to destinations life cycle._x000D_
3) ShapeTourism Protocol based on a Participative decisional support system able to create effective synergies and cooperation mechanisms for a responsible coastal and maritime integrated management. Actually, SHAPETOURISM enables to fill up some structural gaps providing: open-data/BigData processing; new sample survey; business ecosystem analysis; DSS leveraging on opportunities/facing risks and providing tools to develope ICZM and MSP.
Addressed modification of biopolymers

The second half of the 20th century was marked by discoveries of the structure and function of nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates, which make up the basis for the vital activity of organisms. Even though the decisive contribution to the study of these compounds was made by investigations using the methods of spectral and X-ray structural analysis, as well as nuclear magnetic resonance, we should admit that the methods of chemical modification also largely influenced the progress in understanding the functional mechanisms of biological macromolecules. The priority in their development, primarily in formulating objectives and prospects for the targeted delivery of functional chemical compounds to molecules of proteins and nucleic acids, largely belongs to Russian scientists. The fundamentals of the pioneering works of Academician D.G. Knorre’s scientific school in the field of specific modification of biological macromolecules and ways of using this approach in molecular biology and biomedicine are considered.
Supported organocatalysts and their applications in the upgrade of bioderived polyols: desymmetrisation of glycerol to obtain building blocks for fine and pharmaceutical chemicals prod

Cooperative nucleophilic-electrophilic catalysis by ionic liquids (IL) has been recognised as a powerful tool for sustainable chemical transformations. Some of these transformations proved to be suitable for biomass derived chemicals upgrade. The SOCUPols project aims at preparing novel organo-catalysts based on supported IL-like fragments for the upgrading of biomass derived polyols such as diols and glycerol. Unlike ionic liquids and other organic salts, these heterogeneous catalytic systems will be fully recyclable and suitable for continuous flow operation. Project development will focus on the overall process sustainability: (a) by developing new polymer supported catalysts for environmentally friendly transformations; (b) by using these catalysts for the selective chemical upgrading of diols and glycerol (transesterification/acetalisation reactions) using green solvents and reactants; (c) by using carbonate formation as a CO2 fixation strategy; (d) by modifying the catalytically active sites to carry out asymmetric transformations, thus achieving the desymmetrisation of glycerol towards chiral synthons for fine and pharmaceutical chemistry; (e) implementing the most promising transformations in continuous flow (CF).
This approach will be used for the design of simple and feasible strategies for the exploitation of renewable biogenic resources by retaining molecular complexity of biomass-derived material to prepare added value molecules and materials. This will represent a better alternative to low oxygen containing petroleum-derived feedstocks. 
Through SOCUPols, Dr. Marco Noè, Experienced Researcher (ER) interested in sustainable chemistry and fine and pharmaceutical chemical synthesis, will pursue academic career development through a specific technical training and project managing expertise, integrated with complementary added-value non-scientific skills.
Macroinvertebrate Prey Availability and Fish Diet Selectivity in Relation to Environmental Variables in Natural and Restoring North San Francisco Bay Tidal Marsh Channels

Tidal marsh wetlands provide important foraging habitat for a variety of estuarine fishes. Prey organisms include benthic–epibenthic macroinvertebrates, neustonic arthropods, and zooplankton. Little is known about the abundance and distribution of interior marsh macroinvertebrate communities in the San Francisco Estuary (estuary). We describe seasonal, regional, and site variation in the composition and abundance of neuston and benthic–epibenthic macroinvertebrates that inhabit tidal marsh channels, and relate these patterns to environmental conditions. We also describe spatial and temporal variation in diets of marsh-associated inland silverside, yellowfin goby, and western mosquitofish. Fish and invertebrates were sampled quarterly from October 2003 to June 2005 at six marsh sites located in three river systems of the northern estuary: Petaluma River, Napa River, and the west Delta. Benthic/epibenthic macroinvertebrates and neuston responded to environmental variables related to seasonal changes (i.e., temperature, salinity), as well as those related to marsh structure (i.e., vegetation, channel edge). The greatest variation in abundance occurred seasonally for neuston and spatially for benthic–epibenthic organisms, suggesting that each community responds to different environmental drivers. Benthic/epibenthic invertebrate abundance and diversity was lowest in the west Delta, and increased with increasing salinity. Insect abundance increased during the spring and summer, while Collembolan (springtail) abundance increased during the winter. Benthic/epibenthic macroinvertebrates dominated fish diets, supplemented by insects, with zooplankton playing a minor role. Diet compositions of the three fish species overlapped considerably, with strong selection indicated for epibenthic crustaceans—a surprising result given the typical classification of Menidia beryllina as a planktivore, Acanthogobius flavimanus as a benthic predator, and Gambusia affinis as a larvivorous surface-feeder. Fish diets were influenced by position along the estuarine gradient and season. Overall, our data show that local-scale site effects and marsh position within the estuary influence invertebrate community composition and abundance. Additionally, we show that restoring marsh ecosystems can subsidize fishes similarly to reference marshes. We, thus, recommend that managers focus on the ability of restoring marshes to produce food subsidies for target species when planning and designing tidal marsh restoration projects, especially those targeted for food web support.
Recurrent disease in the liver transplant: window to identify and stop gut signals driving autoimmunity

Autoimmune disease is an increasing health concern. These diseases are strongly associated with altered gut microbiome. When immunosuppression fails there is little to offer in terms of therapy. In this project, I hypothesize that gut signals (microbial factors from the intestine) unaffected by immunosuppression are key drivers of autoimmune diseases. I propose to use recurrent autoimmune disease after organ transplantation as a human disease model to identify and stop these gut signals, providing a novel approach to close the gap between basic microbiome research and patient care in autoimmune diseases.

To identify autoimmunity-related gut signals, I will use patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), an inflammatory disease of the bile ducts. PSC is a common indication for liver transplantation, but after transplantation there is high risk of recurrent PSC (rPSC). I recently showed that the PSC gut microbiome has low diversity and identified microbial metabolites associated with severe PSC. Preliminary data show that the post-transplant gut is even less diverse, suggesting that microbial factors drive autoimmunity. 

In this project I will identify gut signals by in-depth investigation of gut bacterial genes and circulating metabolites in the blood. The outcome will be diagnostic and prognostic markers overlapping in PSC and rPSC, defined by changes in gut bacterial genes and concentrations of bacterial metabolites in the blood. Next, I will investigate if common drugs or interventions influence the identified autoimmunity-related gut signals. By generating a library of interventions influencing the gut microbiome it will be possible to select promising candidates for pilot treatment trials after liver transplantation. 

The outcome of StopAutoimmunity will be gut signals useful as novel biomarkers and treatment targets. These may directly translate into improved patient care but also provide a foundation for understanding the mechanisms of autoimmunity.
IMPROVED MEDICAL BLANKETS

Described is an improved polypropylene blanket constructed entirely of man- made fiber with a cotton-like hand. The improved polypropylene blanket provides longer life and low cost per usage due to its high thermal insulation, high strength and high abrasion resistance. This results in a blanket with a fast drying time that conserves energy and proves more durable than cotton-rich products. The blanket is soil resistant that attracts less dirt and dust, is resistant to fungi, molds and mildew and wicks away perspiration from the skin.
A narrowband optical parametric oscillator tunable over 6.8 THz through degeneracy with a transversely-chirped volume Bragg grating

An efficient nanosecond optical parametric oscillator (OPO) with output energies of 0.75 mJ using a periodically poled KTiOPO4 crystal pumped at 532 nm and generating narrowband output continuously tunable over the range of 6.8 THz, between 1053 nm and 1075 nm, is demonstrated by employing a transversely-chirped volume Bragg grating. The tunable reflectivity spectrum of the chirped volume Bragg grating allowed a smooth transition between singly-resonant and doubly-resonant operation of the OPO without cavity rearrangement. This gave a unique possibility to experimentally verify theoretical predictions regarding the efficiency of type-I and type-0 phase matched degenerate OPOs pumped by multimode Q-switched lasers.
Influencing Retirement Saving Behavior with Expert Advice and Social Comparison as Persuasive Techniques

Numerous online communities and e-commerce sites provide users with crowd-based recommendations to influence decision making about products. Similarly, automated recommender systems often use social advice or curated knowledge provided by experts to give customers personalized product recommendations. Little, however, is known about the relative strengths of these approaches in repeated-decision scenarios. We used social comparison and an expert recommendation to examine the relative effectiveness of these methods of persuasion for users making repeated retirement saving decisions. We exposed 314 performance-incentivized experiment participants to a retirement saving simulator where they made 34 yearly asset allocation decisions in one of three user interface conditions. The gap between participants’ retirement goal and actual savings was smallest in the expert advice condition and significantly better than the social comparison condition. Both conditions were significantly better than the control condition. In non-control conditions, users adjusted their behavior and achieved their saving goal more effectively.
Uncertainty in linewidth quantification of overlapping Raman bands

Spectral linewidths are used to assess a variety of physical properties, even as spectral overlap makes quantitative extraction difficult owing to uncertainty. Uncertainty, in turn, can be minimized with the choice of appropriate experimental conditions used in spectral collection. In response, we assess the experimental factors dictating uncertainty in the quantification of linewidth from a Raman experiment highlighting the comparative influence of (1) spectral resolution, (2) signal to noise, and (3) relative peak intensity (RPI) of the overlapping peaks. Practically, Raman spectra of SiGe thin films were obtained experimentally and simulated virtually under a variety of conditions. RPI is found to be the most impactful parameter in specifying linewidth followed by the spectral resolution and signal to noise. While developed for Raman experiments, the results are generally applicable to spectroscopic linewidth studies illuminating the experimental trade-offs inherent in quantification.
Performance of a novel KRAS mutation assay for formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues of colorectal cancer

Abstract We compared the performance of the 3D-Gene® mutation assay (3D-Gene® KRAS mutation assay kit) with the Scorpion-ARMS (therascreen® KRAS RGQ PCR Kit) and Luminex (MEBGEN™ KRAS kit) assays for the detection of KRAS mutations in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 150 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. DNA was extracted from the paraffin-embedded tissue samples with or without macrodissection under hematoxylin and eosin staining and the KRAS mutation status was independently determined using these assays. Discordant results were re-analyzed by Sanger sequencing. Mutation detection analysis was successfully performed in all 150 specimens using the 3D-Gene® mutation assay without an invalid case. The concordance rate between the 3D-Gene® mutation assay and Scorpion-ARMS or Luminex was 98.7% (148/150). KRAS mutations were detected at a frequency of 35.3% (53/150) in colorectal cancer specimens. Three discrepant cases were found between the three assays. Overall, our results demonstrate a high concordance rate of between the 3D-Gene® mutation assay and the two existing in-vitro diagnostics kits. All three assays proved to be validated methods for detecting clinically significant KRAS mutations in paraffin-embedded tissue samples.
The implications of selective information sampling for individual and collective judgments

Much research has shown that judgments are the products of imperfect information processing heuristics. Recently, an alternative theoretical perspective has been proposed. It emphasizes that people form judgments by observing information samples about the alternatives. Sampling-based theories can explain numerous judgment patterns such as risk aversion, overconfidence, illusory correlations, the in-group out-group bias, or social influence.

The sampling approach has illustrated how these and other important patterns of human judgments can be parsimoniously explained by assuming a common source of bias. But at least two important questions remain:
1. How do sampling explanations for judgment biases can be integrated with explanations that focus on information-processing biases in order to explain judgment patterns in naturally occurring environments?
2. What are the implications of selective information sampling for collective judgments and the distribution of beliefs and attitudes over social networks?

I set to answer these pressing questions by (1) developing integrative belief formation models that incorporate both sampling-based mechanisms and information processing-based mechanisms; (2) collecting and analyzing experimental and field data to test these integrative models and uncover how the two classes of mechanisms interact; (3) building on these insights to develop models that lead to testable predictions about collective judgments and test these predictions with field and experimental data; (4) running experiments to measure the extent to which social network driven information sampling can contribute to opinion polarization. 

The project will carry novel prescriptions to limit judgment biases such as the prevalence of negative stereotypes about socially distant others or the resistance to institutional change. It will also carry prescriptions to limit the emergence of collective illusions, and contain the polarization of opinions across social groups.