SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Gasto em atenção primária à saúde nas Américas: medir o que importa

This special report compares the measurement of primary health care (PHC) expenditure proposed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and by the World Health Organization (WHO), according to the global framework for reporting health expenditures (SHA 2011) in three countries in the Region of the Americas. There are conceptual differences: 1) operationalization as basic care, by OECD, versus first contact, by WHO; 2) a wider range of goods and services in the WHO definition (including medicines, administration, and collective preventive services); and 3) consideration only of services in outpatient providers by OECD. PHC expenditures as a percentage of current healthcare spending in 2017 for WHO and OECD: Mexico (43.6% vs. 15.1%); Dominican Republic (41.1% vs. 5.75%), and Costa Rica (31.4% vs. 5.7%). The broad WHO definition of PHC as first contact facilitates inclusion of services that reflect the way countries provide care to their populations. Even so, WHO could improve its category descriptions for the purposes of international comparison. Restricting PHC to outpatient providers (as the OECD does) greatly limits measurement and excludes interventions intrinsic to the concept of PHC, such as collective preventive services. As a transitional step, we recommend that countries should monitor PHC funding and should explain what they include in their definition. SHA 2011 makes it possible to identify and compare these differences.En este informe especial se compara la medición del gasto en atención primaria en salud (APS) propuesta por la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE) y la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) según el marco mundial para reportar gastos en salud (SHA 2011) en tres países de la región de las Américas. Hay divergencias conceptuales: 1) la operacionalización como atención básica, por OCDE, o primer contacto, por OMS; 2) la mayor amplitud de bienes y servicios en la definición de OMS (incluye medicamentos, administración y servicios preventivos colectivos); 3) la consideración únicamente de servicios en proveedores ambulatorios en OCDE. Los gastos en APS como el porcentaje del gasto corriente en salud (GCS) en 2017 para OMS y OCDE, serían: México (43,6% vs 15.1%); República Dominicana (41,1 vs 5,75%) y Costa Rica (31,4% vs 5,7%). La definición amplia de APS como primer contacto de OMS facilita la inclusión de servicios que reflejan la forma en que los países ofrecen atención a su población. Aun así, la OMS podría mejorar las descripciones de las categorías incluidas para fines de comparación internacional. Restringir la APS a proveedores ambulatorios como hace OCDE limita mucho la medición y excluye intervenciones intrínsecas al concepto de APS, como servicios colectivos de prevención. Como paso transitorio se recomienda a los países que monitoreen el financiamiento de la APS, explicitando qué incluyen en su definición. El SHA 2011 permite identificar y comparar estas diferencias.
Strategies for the exploitation of anchors for floating offshore wind energy reaping

Actively taking part to the debate on the future energy supply in Europe, SEAFLOWER proposes strategies to exploit anchor foundations for floating offshore wind turbines. Effective solutions can be drawn from the offshore oil and gas industry, where they have been made available over the last three decades. Offshore wind energy developments have distinct requirements on anchoring systems, and a systematic study to aid with a rational transfer of technology between the two energy sectors has not yet been undertaken. SEAFLOWER focuses on this, through a Finite Element (FE) study built on a rich database of consistent experimental evidences. To account for the uncertainties intrinsic to any offshore foundation problems and any technology transfers, an innovative probabilistic framework is used, using meta-modelling techniques. The objective is to define a numerical procedure that can store past experience on anchor foundations and make it available to the needs of the floating offshore wind market. SEAFLOWER addresses the actual phase of FOWT pre-commercial development and the procedure overall contributes towards overcoming the actual technical barriers to the deployment of offshore wind in deep waters. The research builds on the collaboration of internationally renowned institutions: the Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems, University of Western Australia (COFS, outgoing, Supervisor Christophe Gaudin), the National Institute for Environmental Science and Research, Université Grenoble Alpes (IRSTEA, secondment, supervisor Franck Bourrier) and the Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna (DICAM, return, supervisor Laura Govoni). With SEAFLOWER, through continuous research and training, the experience researcher also challenges his ambitious plan to forge a career in academia, building new knowledge on his competences and skills, while tackling one to the most important societal issues of our century.
Polymorphism in the Serotonin Receptor 2a (HTR2A) Gene as Possible Predisposal Factor for Aggressive Traits

Aggressive manifestations and their consequences are a major issue of mankind, highlighting the need for understanding the contributory factors. Still, aggression-related genetic analyses have so far mainly been conducted on small population subsets such as individuals suffering from a certain psychiatric disorder or a narrow-range age cohort, but no data on the general population is yet available. In the present study, our aim was to identify polymorphisms in genes affecting neurobiological processes that might explain some of the inter-individual variation between aggression levels in the non-clinical Caucasian adult population. 55 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were simultaneously determined in 887 subjects who also filled out the self-report Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). Single marker association analyses between genotypes and aggression scores indicated a significant role of rs7322347 located in the HTR2A gene encoding serotonin receptor 2a following Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (p = 0.0007) both for males and females. Taking the four BPAQ subscales individually, scores for Hostility, Anger and Physical Aggression showed significant association with rs7322347 T allele in themselves, while no association was found with Verbal Aggression. Of the subscales, relationship with rs7322347 was strongest in the case of Hostility, where statistical significance virtually equaled that observed with the whole BPAQ. In conclusion, this is the first study to our knowledge analyzing SNPs in a wide variety of genes in terms of aggression in a large sample-size non-clinical adult population, also describing a novel candidate polymorphism as predisposal to aggressive traits.
DISPOSABLE PUMP WITH SUCK-BACK MECHANISM

The present invention relates to a disposable pump (1) for a dispensing system for liquids, in particular for a dispensing system which comprises a compressible container (400), wherein the pump (1) comprises a chamber (110) in which the pressure may be varied for pumping liquid from the container (400) to the chamber (110), and further from the chamber (110) to a dispensing opening (120), the chamber (110) enclosing an inner valve (230) for regulating a flow of liquid between the container (400) and the chamber (110), and an outer valve (220) for regulating a flow of liquid between the chamber (110) and the dispensing opening (120), wherein the pump (1) may assume a closed position, in which a volume of liquid is drawn from the container (400) to the chamber (110) by means of a negative pressure created in the chamber (110), and a dispensing position, in which a volume of liquid is drawn from the chamber (110) to the dispensing opening (120). The pump is characterized in the inner valve (230) being a one-way valve, for opening for a flow of liquid in the dispensing direction at an inner valve opening pressure acting in the dispensing direction, and closing for any pressure acting in a direction opposite to the dispensing direction, the outer valve (220) being a two-way valve, for opening for a flow of liquid in the dispensing direction or in the direction opposite the dispensing direction at an outer valve opening pressure, depending on the direction of the outer valve opening pressure, such that, as the pump (1) transfers from the dispensing position to the closed position, and a negative pressure is created in the chamber (110), the pressure difference between the container (400) and the chamber (110) will cause the inner valve (230) to open so as to allow liquid to pass from the container (400) to the chamber (110), and the pressure difference between the dispensing opening (120) and the chamber (110) will cause the outer valve (220) to open to allow liquid to be sucked back from the dispensing opening (120) to the chamber (110).
REPOPULATION OF TESTICULAR SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES WITH FOREIGN CELLS

An animal harboring a non-native germ cell, its corresponding line, and the corresponding germ cells, are obtained by colonizing the testis (or testes) of a host animal with primitive cells followed by raising and/or breeding the host.
An Environmental Sociology for the Twenty-First Century

Environmental sociology has become a mature field within the discipline of sociology. We consider several of the key theories that define the core and boundaries of the field, calling attention to debates and unresolved questions. We contend that two of the defining features of this field are (a) attention to the inseparability of human and nonhuman natures and (b) attention to the role that power and social inequality play in shaping human/nonhuman interactions. These two characteristics of environmental sociology also reveal strong links between this field and the broader discipline, in light of recent reexaminations of classical sociological writings. We conclude with a consideration of new directions environmental sociologists might take toward building an even more robust, interdisciplinary, and critical area of study.
Fingerprinting system for still images based on the use of a holographic transform domain

We consider the watermarking method based on a holographic transform domain image proposed by A. Bruckstein. Our testing showed that it is resistant not against all possible attacks declared by his inventor, under the condition of a very high image quality just after WM embedding. Only a small part among 120 bits embedding into the image has an acceptable error probability after extraction if some attacks hold. Therefore we propose to modify this system for fingerprinting where only fixed bits are embedded into the most reliable places of the frequency mask. Systematic linear binary codes with large minimal code distance are used in order to correct errors. Simulation showed that such system provides sufficiently reliable tracing “traitors” under the most types of attacks subjected to remove WM, while keeping a good quality of the image just after embedding.
Pediatric hemiplegic migraine: Role of multiple MRI techniques in evaluation of reversible hypoperfusion

Background Hemiplegic migraine (HM) is a rare type of migraine with aura that involves motor weakness. Data on conventional and advanced neuroimaging findings during prolonged attacks of HM are limited, particularly in children. Case A 13-year-old-female with a history of migraine had a typical attack of HM characterized by right-sided hemiplegia, deterioration of vigilance and paraphasia. MRI performed 3 hours after hemiplegia onset revealed normal diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) sequences, but perfusion weighted imaging (PWI) showed a large area of hypoperfusion within the left cerebral hemisphere and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) demonstrated a matching area with prominent, hypointense draining sulcal veins. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) revealed subtle narrowing of the left middle cerebral artery. The neuroimaging abnormalities completely resolved 24 hours after the attack onset. Conclusion Multiple conventional and advanced MRI techniques including SWI play a key role in an HM attack to (1) exclude acute arterial ischemic stroke and (2) further understand the pathophysiology of HM.
Controlling ultrafast heat in layered materials

In this project I propose to take advantage of the enormous potential created by the recent material science revolution based on two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, by bringing it to the arena of nanoscale heat transport, where heat transport occurs on ultrafast timescales. This opens up a new research field of controllable ultrafast heat transport in layered materials. In particular, I will take advantage of the myriad of possibilities for miniature material and device design, with unprecedented controllability and versatility, offered by Van der Waals (VdW) heterostructures – stacks of different layered materials assembled on top of each other – and 1D systems of layered materials. 

Specifically, I will introduce novel device geometries based on VdW heterostructures for passively and actively controlling phonon modes and thermal transport. This will be measured mainly using time-domain thermoreflectance measurements. I will also develop novel time-resolved measurement techniques to follow heat spreading and coupling between different heat carriers: light, phonons, and electrons. These techniques will be mainly based on time-resolved infrared/Raman spectroscopy and photocurrent scanning microscopy. Moreover, I will study one-dimensional layered materials and assess their thermoelectric properties using electrical measurements. And finally, I will combine these results into hybrid devices with a photoactive layer, in order to demonstrate how phonon control allows for tuning of electrical and optoelectronic properties. 

The results of this project will have an impact on the major research fields of phononics, electronics and photonics, revealing novel physical phenomena. Additionally, the results are likely to be useful towards applications such as thermal management, thermoelectrics, photovoltaics and photodetection.
CONSTRUCTION LAMINATES

The present disclosure relates to flexible sheet-like materials for use in construction. In one aspect, there is provided a flexible sheet-like laminate comprised of at least a layer of a water vapour proof material and at least a layer of an acoustic dampening material, in which the layers are bonded together. Such a flexible sheet-like laminate would do away with the need for a liquid membrane, meaning waterproofing and acoustic dampening could be installed far quicker and easier than previously possible. In one form, the flexible sheet-like laminate further comprises at least a layer of a reinforcing material.
New oleocanthal-based functional ingredients with anti-inflamatory properties obtained from olive pomace valorisation

Chronic inflammatory diseases (CID) have dramatically risen in the last decades. Current sole treatment for patients is the long-term intake of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with associated harmful side effects, such as ibuprofen, to mitigate their pain.
Research has demonstrated that there exist a strong relationship between nutrition and chronic diseases. This way, the extra virgin olive oil’s (EVOO) health effects have been assessed through diverse studies focusing on the Mediterranean diet. Researchers have recognised natural anti-inflammatory properties to oleocanthal, one of the phenols compounds present in the EVOO. Concentration of oleocanthal is 100 times higher in the olive pomace (OP), a highly pollutant by-product from the olive oil industry.
Santa Cruz Ingeniería is an agro-industrial engineering firm specialised in agronomic management and R&D. During last years, we have focused on the identification of oleocanthal-rich olive varieties and on the process to obtain stable oleocanthal extracts (Spanish patent application under study). NEOCANTAL is a great Circular Economy opportunity (cumulative turnover of €17.15M three years after its launching) to turn the environmentally harmful and low-cost OP into a valuable raw material for new oleocanthal-rich (60-70% pure) functional ingredients with anti-inflammatory pursposes. It will be produced in three different forms to be added to a wide range of food products: OP powder, liquid and encapsulated oleocanthal. Our target customers are food producers willing to differentiate their products as functional, while our end-users are CID’s patients, but also people who care of their wellbeing or follow healthy trends. In the future, we will address the cosmetics, food packaging and pharma industries. 
This Feasibility Study’s goal is to deepen in those key points to assess the economic, technical and commercial viability of NEOCANTAL (including a clinical trial) to tackle this challenge for us to scale-up.
Cryptosporidiosis and Colorectal Cancer

Background Suturing quality and reducing its complications and resulting infection have always been a major concern of surgeons. Many of them have prohibited applying polyfilament and absorbable suturing materials. Objectives In this study, we compared skin wound infection rate and other complications in two groups of post appendectomy patients whom were treated with two types of suturing materials - conventionally used Nylon and absorbable braided polyglactin (Vicryl) - and wound healing, existence of complication and recovery course of treated patients were surveyed. Patients and Methods A total of 130 patients who underwent appendectomy were divided into two groups of 645 members, each. Patients in group A had their incisions closed by separate sutures (mattress method) by vicryl, while patients in group B had their surgical incisions were closed in the same method, by nylon sutures. Any signs and symptoms of surgical site wound infection like inappropriate pain, redness, discharge, bulging, and unhealing wound were checked during hospital stay and on the 7th - 9th day postoperatively. Results The postsurgical complication and infections rates were similar between the two groups. Conclusions Vicryl sutures can safely be used for skin and subcutaneous wound suturing even when our surgery site is not ideally clean.
Ovine origins and diversity in north-eastern europe

Sheep (Ovis aries) is one of the most important and widely distributed domestic species worldwide according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and considered one of the ‘big five’ livestock species alongside cattle, goat, pig and chicken. The high number of sheep breeds with worldwide distribution, and the 11,000 years alongside humans makes them a fascinating, yet difficult species to study. Important information on the history of domestic sheep has been obtained from ancient faunal remains using ‘traditional’ zooarchaeological methods based on osteology and morphology, with relatively less little contribution from ancient genetics, compared to domesticates such as dogs or horses. OVinE will train the early researcher Eve Rannamäe in state-of-the art methods from zooarchaeology and ancient genomics to document the introduction, spread, and development of domestic sheep.  Focusing on north-eastern (NE) Europe, where studies on sheep history and diversity are scarce compared to the rest of Europe, but where the extant indigenous breeds are highly valued for their genetic diversity, OVinE will: 1) clarify the timing and origins of the first sheep in NE Europe; 2) decipher the development and improvement of sheep populations from the Late Neolithic (c. 3000–1800 BC) through to the Modern period (AD 1800–1950); 3) clarify the affinities between ancient sheep populations and local indigenous breeds.
Advancing beyond the adaptive radiation paradigm: uncovering the contributions of adaptive and non-adaptive processes to a rapid plant radiation

Understanding why some lineages rapidly generate exceptionally high species diversity (undergo rapid radiation) lies at the heart of our understanding of biodiversity and is a key question in biology. Adaptation to different ecological niches together with rise of phenotypic diversity is considered to trigger rapid radiations. However, existing studies fail to test the alternative (or null) hypothesis, namely that a rapid radiation is driven by non-adaptive processes mediated by geographic isolation of lineages with similar ecological niches. In order to uncover the contributions of adaptive and non-adaptive processes to a rapid radiation, I will focus on the radiation of Dianthus in Eurasia, the most rapid plant radiation known. RadiPhyte aims at developing a novel, integrative perspective on evolutionary radiations, beyond the narrow focus on adaptive radiations, to unravel the driving forces in this plant radiation. RadiPhyte will focus on three key aspects: phylogenomics, ecological niche modelling, and phenotypic trait evolution, and will encompass species from the biodiversity hotspots across the Mediterranean mountains and from the semi-arid/arid mountains of Irano-Anatolia, Caucasus and Central Asia which are not only highly biodiverse but severely understudied and threatened by climate change. RadiPhyte combines the strengths of the host in ecological genomics of adaptive processes in Dianthus, with those of the applicant in phylogenetics, ecological niche modelling, and geometric morphometrics. RadiPhyte will thus promote a two-way transfer of knowledge between the host and the applicant and create important synergies. RadiPhyte comprises a comprehensive dissemination strategy, and is in line with the “climate change action in developing countries with fragile mountainous ecosystems from a sub-regional perspective” of the EU with the aim to integrate the knowledge gained in the continental arid regions with those available within Europe.