SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
A proposed model membrane and test method for microneedle insertion studies

A commercial polymeric film (Parafilm M(®), a blend of a hydrocarbon wax and a polyolefin) was evaluated as a model membrane for microneedle (MN) insertion studies. Polymeric MN arrays were inserted into Parafilm M(®) (PF) and also into excised neonatal porcine skin. Parafilm M(®) was folded before the insertions to closely approximate thickness of the excised skin. Insertion depths were evaluated using optical coherence tomography (OCT) using either a force applied by a Texture Analyser or by a group of human volunteers. The obtained insertion depths were, in general, slightly lower, especially for higher forces, for PF than for skin. However, this difference was not a large, being less than the 10% of the needle length. Therefore, all these data indicate that this model membrane could be a good alternative to biological tissue for MN insertion studies. As an alternative method to OCT, light microscopy was used to evaluate the insertion depths of MN in the model membrane. This provided a rapid, simple method to compare different MN formulations. The use of Parafilm M(®), in conjunction with a standardised force/time profile applied by a Texture Analyser, could provide the basis for a rapid MN quality control test suitable for in-process use. It could also be used as a comparative test of insertion efficiency between candidate MN formulations.
MR-tomographische Bestimmung der zerebrovaskulären Reservekapazität bei Probanden und Patienten mittels BOLD-Kontrast

Background and Purpose Stenosing vascular disease can be associated with an impaired cerebrovascular reserve capacity (CVRC), a finding that predicts ischemic events. Here we have investigated whether breath-holding (BH) paradigms may constitute an effective and robust alternative to the laborious inhalation of a fixed percentage of CO2 when measuring CVRC. Materials and Methods Using blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI), eleven healthy subjects were examined with dynamic T2*-weighted echo planar imaging at 3 Tesla. CVRC was measured during episodes of BH for 10 s and 20 s, both after deep inspiration and after extended expiration, and compared to the reactivity following inhalation of an air mixture with 5 % CO2-content. Results 20 s BH-challenges yielded higher reactivities represented by corresponding higher BOLD signal changes when compared to 10 s ones, as did expiratory paradigms when compared to inspiratory ones. Mean signal changes ranged from 2 % (10 s BH after inspiration) to 3 % (20 s BH after expiration). The CO2-challenge yielded an about threefold higher reactivity (6 %). Conclusion The BH tasks evoked BOLD signal increases which compare favorably to published data. They were well tolerated in our normal subject population and avoided the elaborate and time-consuming experimental set-up required for the inhalation of a CO2-mixture. The measurement of CVRC using a 20 s BH paradigm is feasible when tested by BOLD fMRI at 3 Tesla and yields robust results which are qualitatively comparable to the inhalation of a defined CO2-concentration.
Verifying a Plaftorm for Digital Imaging: A Multi-tool Strategy

AbstractFiji is a Java platform widely used by biologists and other experimental scientists to process digital images. In our research, made together with a biologists team, we use Fiji in some pre-processing steps before undertaking a homological digital processing of images. In a previous work, we have formalised the correctness of the programs which use homological techniques to analyse digital images. However, the verification of Fiji’s pre-processing step was missed. In this paper, we present a multi-tool approach (based on the combination of Why/Krakatoa, Coq and ACL2) filling this gap.KeywordsJava ProgramProof ObligationProof AssistantJava CodeLoop InvariantThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
A multi-omics approach to decode epigenetic lesions in pancreatic cancer development

Chromatin, the complex structured macromolecule consisting of DNA wrapped around histones, represents the ground where transcription factors, signalling pathways and mechanical stimulations converge to regulate gene expression and determine cellular phenotypes. Epigenetic mechanisms altering these phenotypes without modifying the DNA sequence are extremely pliable and allow for subtle and reversible changes in gene regulation. Consequently, aberrations in chromatin regulation are associated with a wide range of diseases, such as cancer, where they can be pivotal for the fitness and activity of malignant cells. 
Here we aim to investigate the role played by epigenetic mutations in pancreatic cancer, a dismal disease with poor prognosis and projected to be the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the next decade. The candidate will apply cutting-edge technologies such as parallel single-cell RNA-seq and single-nucleus ATAC-seq to uncover the correlation between changes in chromatin accessibility and gene expression in patient-derived and engineered 3D organoid models. These findings will constitute the basis for functional validations that will involve the combination of epigenomic tools (dCas9-mediated epigenetic modifications) and high-resolution imaging approaches (light-sheet microscopy). Therefore, this project will provide a comprehensive view of the epigenetic lesions occurring during cancer development, shedding light on mechanisms of gene de-regulation and paving the way to novel approaches to cancer treatment.
Economics for everyone: a short guide to the economics of capitalism

Introduction: Why Study Economics? Part One: Preliminaries 1. The Economy and Economics 2. Capitalism 3. Economic History 4. The Politics of Economics Part Two: The Basics of Capitalism: Work, Tools, and Profit 5. Work, Production, and Value 6. Working with Tools 7. Companies, Owners, and Profit 8. Workers and Bosses 9. Reproduction (for Economists!) 10. Closing the Little Circle Part Three: Capitalism as a System 11. Competition 12. Investment and Growth 13. Employment and Unemployment 14. Dividing the Pie 15. Capitalism and the Environment Part Four: The Complexity of Capitalism 16. Money and Banking 17. Inflation, Central Banks, and Monetary Policy 18. Paper Chase: Stock Markets, Financialization, and Pensions 19. The Conflicting Personalities of Government 20. Taxing and Spending 21. Globalization 22. Development (and Otherwise) 23. Closing the Big Circle 24. The Ups and Downs of Capitalism Part Five: Challenging Capitalism 25. Evaluating Capitalism 26. Improving Capitalism 27. Replacing Capitalism? Conclusion: A Dozen Big Things to Remember About Economics Notes Index
Head Injuries in Children

School nurses play a crucial role in injury prevention and initial treatment when injuries occur at school. The role of school nurses includes being knowledgeable about the management of head injuries, including assessment and initial treatment. The school nurse must be familiar with the outcomes of a head injury and know when further evaluation is indicated. Developing a head injury protocol in the school setting is one strategy to make sure that all involved are able to consistently and effectively respond to a head injury and prevent a possible negative outcome. The combination of a protocol, nursing judgment, and best practices can ensure that all means are used to take care of children when a head injury is sustained. These strategies will help to increase the safety of children at school. A systematic approach to the management of these types of injuries is essential for preventing possible complications.
Multi-scale information fusion method for integrated navigation of aerospace vehicle

A multi-scale information fusion estimation method based on wavelet filtering is presented in this paper. The method of signal multi-scale analysis and of multi-sensor information fusion technology have been combined, and used for the process of integrated navigation. The performance of system is also established, based on different `scale' which could break the restriction of single scale one. The deficiency of regular filter estimating methods in dealing with high-frequency slowly time-varying noise is improved to some extent. Simulation results verified that multi-scale method used in integrated navigation could improve the precision and provide theory foundation for possible application of practical system.
The Relationship Between Biomechanical-Anthropometrical Parameters and the Force Exerted on the Head When Heading Free Kicks in Soccer

Soccer is a contact sport in which the players are frequently faced with the risk of injury. It has been shown that the force exerted on the head during heading can be as much as 500-1200 Newton (N).The main objective of this study was to determine whether there was any relationship between the force exerted on the head and several biomechanical and anthropometrical parameters related to heading free kicks.A total of 16 semi-professional soccer players with at least 5 years experience participated in this study. The mean age, height, and weight of the study participants were 21.36 ± 5.67, 178 ± 5.99 cm, and 70.55 ± 8.55 kg, respectively. To measure the force exerted on the heads of the players, a pressure gauge was installed on their foreheads. Each participant was asked to defend the ball using the heading technique three times. A camera with a sampling frequency of 150 frames per second was used to record the moment of impact between the ball and head during each heading event. For each participant and replicate, the ball and head velocity (m/s) as well as the angular body changes (degrees) were calculated using MATLAB and AutoCAD softwares, respectively. Descriptive statistics, including means and standard deviations were used to describe the data. Pearson correlation coefficient (alpha = 0.05) was used to examine potential relationships between the variables of interest.Significant correlations existed between the force exerted on the head during heading, participant age, body mass, body fat percentage, and head perimeter (P < 0.05).The study revealed the significance of anthropometric variables related to heading, such as age and head perimeter. Therefore, it was concluded that these variables should be considered when teaching and practicing the heading technique with players of different ages and anthropometric sizes.
The Post-15-M literary field from a feminist perspective

Este artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar de qué manera el campo literario post-15-M ha sido modificado por el feminismo, después de demostrar la imbricación del empuje actual del movimiento feminista en España y el del movimiento 15-M. Destaca en particular la presencia de un pensamiento feminista, desde la vulnerabilidad, el rechazo a la autoridad, el yo encarnado y la pelea por ser escuchada en textos a menudo híbridos que navegan entre el ensayo, la (auto)ficción, el periodismo y la no ficción.
Numerical determination of the entanglement entropy for free fields in the cylinder

We calculate numerically the logarithmic contribution to the entanglement entropy of a cylindrical region in three spatial dimensions for both, free scalar and Dirac fields. The coefficient is universal and proportional to the type $c$ conformal anomaly in agreement with recent analytical predictions. We also calculate the mass corrections to the entanglement entropy for scalar and Dirac fields in a disk. These apparently unrelated problems make contact through the dimensional reduction procedure valid for free fields whereby the entanglement entropy for the cylinder can be calculated as an integral over masses of the disk entanglement entropies. Coming from the same numerical evaluation in the lattice, each coefficient is cross checked by the other, testing in this way the two results simultaneously.
Inheritance, expressivity and epistasis hidden behindthe phenotypic landscape of natural populations

Elucidating the causes of the awesome phenotypic diversity observed in natural populations is a major challenge in biology. It is now clear that the understanding of traits is not only hampered by non-heritable factors such as the environment and epigenetic variation, but also confounded by the lack of complete knowledge concerning the genetic components of traits. More than a century after the rediscovery of Mendel’s law, the genetic architecture of traits still resists generalization. First, this is increasingly evident as shown by recent genome-wide association studies, where identified causal loci explained relatively little of the heritability of most complex traits, leading to the “missing heritability”. Second, we also have recently shown that monogenic mutations can display a significant, variable and continuous phenotypic expression, called expressivity, across different genetic backgrounds. Altogether, these observations clearly indicate that a better understanding of the genetic architecture of traits requires a deeper knowledge of the variability of the phenotypic effect of genetic variants across an entire population. In the frame of the Phenome'N'al project, I plan to marry classical but high-throughput genetic methods with new approaches based on population genomics to connect the phenotypic and allelic landscape by taking advantage of the powerful budding yeast model system. With our recent completion of the whole genome resequencing of over 1,011 natural isolates (http://1002genomes.u-strasbg.fr/), plus the accompanying phenotyping efforts, we have currently one of the best understanding of the natural genetic and phenotypic diversity of any eukaryote model system to date. These datasets will lay the foundation of Phenome'N'al, which aims to dissect the inheritance, expressivity and genetic interactions hidden behind the phenotypic landscape of an entire natural population.
Probing the bypassability of genetic constraints in drug-resistance enzymes

The fast evolution of bacterial pathogens towards antibiotic resistance is estimated by 2050 to be killing 10 million people every year. Consequently, much interest is being directed towards finding ways to curb or even arrest this evolutionary process. Of note, sequencing efforts are revealing that many of the genetic changes that drive resistance evolution are often repeatable. Understanding what drives this repeatability is of foremost importance if we ever want to develop interventions aimed at anticipating and preventing the evolution of undesirable variants. Here, I will aim at advancing our understanding of evolutionary repeatability in several clinically-relevant, drug-resistance enzymes spanning a range of GC compositions. I will use this relevant model system to empirically test recent predictions on the roles of mutation bias and GC content in shaping mutational pathways. To this end, I will conduct high-throughput 'in vitro' Directed Evolution experiments to explore the potential adaptive paths available via single step mutations among the drug-resistance enzymes. Next, I will compare these 'in vitro' predictions with the outcomes of highly-parallel antibiotic adaptation experiments conducted with bacterial strains with strong mutation biases (e.g., mutators) carrying the same panel of enzymes. By producing important insights into some of the key determinants of evolutionary repeatability, PROBYDE aspires to form a knowledge base that may help harness evolution not only in bacterial pathogens, but also in other human-relevant systems such as cancer, crop pests and industrial microbes.
Characterizing Asymmetric Ingression in Mammalian Epithelial Cells

Cytokinesis occurs at the end of mitosis to divide the cell into two daughter cells. An actomyosin contractile ring forms at the equatorial cortex and ingresses to pinch in the cytosol and membrane. Anillin is a highly conserved protein that binds to components of the ring, mitotic spindle and membrane, and is a key regulator of cytokinesis. The division plane occurs perpendicular to the axis of asymmetry in epithelial cells to ensure that each daughter cell inherits apicobasal polarity. However, these cells undergo dramatic shape changes that involve reorganization of the cytoskeleton during mitosis, and it is not clear how the daughter cells re-establish polarity. Interestingly, contractile ring ingression occurs asymmetricaly in epithelial cells, where one part of the ring appears to move faster and closes near the apical surface. Recent studies using Drosophila epithelial tissue showed that asymmetric ingression occurs due to forces generated near the apical surface of dividing cells, through adhesion with neighbouring cells. We studied cytokinesis in mammalian epithelial cells using Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells as a model system. Interestingly, we observed that MDCK cells with none or fewer than four neighbours displayed asymmetric ingression, while cells with four or more neighbours were more likely to ingress symmetrically, suggesting that both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms influence contractile ring ingression. When induced to form cysts, ingression varied depending on the location of cells within the cyst. The localization of myosin and anillin were uncoupled in asymmetrically dividing MDCK cells, with anillin being more enriched on the ingressing cortex. Anillin may have an important role in asymmetric ingression, since its asymmetric distribution correlated with asymmetric ingression, and its depletion caused cells to ingress more randomly. These results suggest that mammalian epithelial cells possess intrinsic mechanisms for asymmetric ingression, and extrinsic forces applied by neighbouring cells influence their ingression.
One box to measure all the most important air pollutants and greenhouse gases

Lazaero will radically disrupt the €4.2 billion air quality monitoring market as we know it with the very first all-in-one solution to measure the most important air pollutants (CO, O3, SO2, NO, NO2, NH3) and 4 greenhouse gases (H2O, CO2, CH4 and N2O) continuously, simultaneously and precisely. This is a huge jump from current technologies which monitor each gas separately via a mess of expensive, fixed instruments, each of which must be carefully calibrated by expert technical staff and can suffer from cross-sensitivities with other gases. Our technology applies the latest in direct laser absorption spectroscopy, with three novel dual-colour quantum cascade lasers (CQL), custom design electronics and software to create a plug & play, mobile, compact (20kg, 2.025 cm3) easy to use device that saves space and reduce costs. Lazaero doesn’t need a server or to be calibrated, so it can be operated without special training for 75% less operational and 40% lower startup costs compared to existing devices. Furthermore, Lazaero will widely expand its potential use by moving it to different locations to get a more targeted measurement of air pollution. A more precise measurement of air contamination will help industry, authorities and research institutions implement strategies to improve air quality and avoid multi-million-euro fines from the EC, 71,000 deaths, €52 billion in medical costs in the EU.   With our immediate launch into air quality monitoring network for polluting industries and universities in Europe and then expanding into public monitoring networks and into U.S. and Asia at later stage will make Miro a leader in air monitoring field. Investment by the EC will help us to decrease our prices as we scale up production to reduce our average unit price from €94.000 to just €50.000 by 2023 and reach break-even during year two on the market (2023). We estimate that the ROI after three years will be 4.46 with an accumulative profit of €7.59M.
Signs of analyticity in single-field inflation

The analyticity of response functions and scattering amplitudes implies powerful relations between low-energy observables and the underlying short-distance dynamics. These 'IR/UV' relations are rooted in basic physical principles, such as causality and unitarity. In this paper, we seek similar connections in inflation, relating cosmological observations to the physics responsible for the accelerated expansion. We assume that the inflationary theory is Lorentz invariant at short distances, but allow for non-relativistic interactions and a non-trivial speed of propagation at low energies. Focusing on forward scattering, we derive a 'sum rule' which equates a combination of low-energy parameters to an integral which is sensitive to the high-energy behavior of the theory. While for relativistic amplitudes unitarity is sufficient to prove positivity of the sum rule, this is not guaranteed in the non-relativistic case. We discuss the conditions under which positivity still applies, and show that they are satisfied by all known UV completions of single-field inflation. In that case, we obtain a consistency condition for primordial non-Gaussianity, which constrains the size and the sign of the equilateral four-point function in terms of the amplitude of the three-point function. The resulting bound rules out about half of the parameter space that is still allowed by current observations. Finding a violation of our consistency condition would point towards less conventional theories of inflation, or violations of basic physical principles.
Delivering advanced predictive tools form medium to seasonal range for water dependent industries exploiting the cross-cutting potential of eo and hydro-ecological modeling

PrimeWater aims to maximize the potential of the Earth Observation (EO) technologies for the water sector by enhancing and expanding the information base for inland water quality attributes, through advanced physics-based algorithms that integrate multi- and hyper-spectral imagery from satellite, airborne and ground-based sensors, increasing the situational intelligence of water regulators, emergency planners, water-related industry professionals and local communities. 
PrimeWater aspires to further add value to EO data and other Copernicus sectoral services through cross-cutting research with Data Assimilation (DA) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques aiming at improving the skill of hydro-ecological forecasts and their related impact at different spatial scales and time horizons, and hence improve preparedness against water hazards and enhance the capacity of decision-making through uncertainty information.
PrimeWater will establish a complete value chain linking science with the water business sector, ensuring the co-development of products and services through continuous and efficient interaction and communication with water professionals across the globe and in-depth analysis of the intrinsic barriers for the wide market uptake of EO-enabled services in the water sector. As a result PrimeWater will deliver water intelligent services that capitalize on advanced EO data products and intersections with other data sources, will build on cause-effect analyses through diagnostic modelling tools, and will utilize predictive and prescriptive calculations by integrating forecasting capabilities with planning and scenario analysis.