SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Neural and behavioral epigenetics; what it is, and what is hype

The ability to examine epigenetic mechanisms in the brain has become readily available over the last 20 years. This has led to an explosion of research and interest in neural and behavioral epigenetics. Of particular interest to researchers, and indeed the lay public, is the possibility that epigenetic processes, such as changes in DNA-methylation and histone modification, may provide a biochemical record of environmental effects. This has led to some fascinating insights into how molecular changes in the brain can control behavior. However, some of this research has also attracted controversy and, as is dealt with here, some overblown claims. This latter problem is partly linked to the shifting sands of what is defined as 'epigenetics'. In this review, I provide an overview of what exactly epigenetics is, and what is hype, with the aim of opening up a debate as to how this exciting field moves forward.
Molecular Dynamics Study of Hydrated Poly(ethylene oxide) Chains Grafted on Siloxane Surface

In this work, hydrated poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)chainscomposedofvaryinglengthNirreversiblygrafted to an amorphous siloxane surface by one chain end at different coverage densities σ were studied using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. We have assessed beginning of the ex- tended overlapping chains (brush regime) at σ= 0.437 nm � 2 and identified the mushroom-like conformation of nonoverlapping chains. For the studied systems, the specific interactions lead to density distributions different from the functions analytically derived for model systems. The brush regime demonstrates itself in the density distribution functions and the reduced height h/N evolution with σ. Since the latter dependence indicates h ∼ Nσ 1/2 scaling, the brush regime corresponds to the situation of a concentrated aqueous PEO solution with a correlation length σ � 1/2 . The extrapolated thickness of PEO brushes reproduces experimental results fairly well. Water molecules prevent EO monomers from an adsorption to the siloxane surface.
Propositions VIII.4–5 of Euclid'sElementsand the compounding of ratios on the monochord

In this article, I try to show how the operation of compounding of ratios as performed with the method of Proposition VIII.4 of Euclid's Elements, has possibly taken shape from experiments on the monochord. This fact, together with the systematic and exclusive use of Proposition VIII.4 in the harmonic field, strengthens the thesis concerning the connection between harmonic theory and Book VIII. A misinterpretation by Zarlino, the most important music theorist of the Renaissance, will help us explain how the musical model may have been partially responsible for the disconnection between compounding and multiplication present in the Elements in spite of the link established by Proposition VIII.5.
Quantifying tree biomass carbon stocks, their changes and uncertainties using routine stand taxation inventory data

For carbon (C) trading or any other verifiable C reports, it would be reasonable to identify and quantify continuous changes in carbon stocks at regional scales without high investments into additional C-specific, timeand labor-intensive inventories. Our study demonstrates the potential of using routine stand taxation data from large scale forestry inventories for verifiable quantification of tree biomass C stocks, C stock change rates, and associated uncertainties. Empirical models, parameters, and equations of uncertainty propagation have been assembled and applied to data from a forest management unit in Central Germany (550 000 ha), using stand taxation inventories collected between 1993 and 2006. The study showed: 1) The use of stand taxation data resulted in a verifiable and sufficiently precise (cv = 7%) quantification of tree biomass carbon stocks and their changes at the level of growth-regions (1700 to 140 000 ha). 2) The forest of the test region accumulated carbon in tree biomass at a mean annual rate of 1.8 (–0.9 to 4.5) tC/ha/yr over the studied period. 3) The taxation inventory data can reveal spatial patterns of rates of C stock changes, specifically low rates of 0.4 tC/ha/yr in the northwest and high rates of 3.0 tC/ha/yr in the south of the study region.
Interactive Digital Services for Promotion of Natural Heritage and Sustainable Hunting

The project aims at collecting and digitizing information for a sustainable hunting, as well as creating interactive applications for the promotion and protection of the fauna biodiversity. It will develop and deliver the following results: • A detailed knowledge database for fauna of both regions with geo-referencing information utilising ontology management and GIS technologies • A multilingual knowledge base about EU and national policies for sustainable hunting, NATURA legislation combined with a list of scientific sources for rare species • A web portal for accessing the information in an interactive way utilising web-map technology and advanced search mechanisms • "Environmental promotion centres”, a concept of interactive training centres, utilising the latest 3d multimedia and interaction technology in order to attract children, students, hunters, scientists and tourists and provide added-value training and information services
Options and limitations of hydrogen peroxide addition to enhance radical formation during ozonation of secondary effluents

The oxidation of secondary effluent with ozone and O3/H2O2 (peroxone) was evaluated in batch experiments as pre-treatment for soil aquifer treatment for non-potable reuse purposes. The addition of hydrogen peroxide improved the reduction of ozone-resistant compounds with an optimized radical formation at 0.5 mol H2O2/mol O3. However, the improvement of radical formation was shown to be limited to approximately 30–40% independent from ozone dosage. Also a preozonation step did not accelerate efficiency of subsequent peroxone treatment. Thus, other treatment options, such as an increase of ozone dosages, need to be considered for more efficient removal of ozone-resistant compounds. However, the peroxone process might still be a promising option for oxidation of bromide containing effluents, since a reduction of bromate formation can allow the application of higher ozone dosages.
Communication systems for next-generation railways

MISTRAL will elaborate the Technical Specification of the future communication system for all railways in light of the migration from the current obsolete GSM-R.The new radio system will leverage the broadband capacity of IP-based wireless communication to enhance signaling but also to make possible innovative services for both users and train automation/control.To achieve the objective, MISTRAL will generate firstly a portfolio of foreseeable future communication scenarios. Then, a Techno-Economic Proposition consistent with future scenarios will be defined, including a portfolio of innovative services ushered-in by new technologies and compliant with new users requirements as well as with safety, security and QoS requirements. Such Techno-Economic proposition will be subject to a Business Viability Analysis - meant to gauge and optimize the total-cost-of-ownership of the new communication system - and to a Technical Viability Analysis that will investigate the compliance with the new requirements. Subsequently, the results of such Business and Technical Viability Analysis will be used as basis to refine and finalize the Validated Techno-Economic proposition, which will thus rely on an optimized life-cycle cost and on a sound portfolio of innovative services. The Validated Techno-Economic proposition will be the main output of MISTRAL, i.e. the 'Technical Specification' scope of the topic. Its design and validation will be supported by an External Stakeholder Committee, involving selected key players in the Railway domain, external to the MISTRAL Consortium. In addition, MISTRAL will disseminate project findings to relevant stakeholders and communities and will ensure the sustainability and impact of the new specified communication system, In terms of far-reaching impact, MISTRAL will lay the foundations for the next-generation train-to-wayside communication systems, paving the way for a more competitive, attractive and sustainable European railway ecosystem.
The Mechanism Behind Top-Down UVPD Experiments: Making Sense of Apparent Contradictions

Top-down ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) allows greater sequence coverage than any other currently available method, often fracturing the vast majority of peptide bonds in whole proteins. At the same time, UVPD can be used to dissociate noncovalent complexes assembled from multiple proteins without breaking any covalent bonds. Although the utility of these experiments is unquestioned, the mechanism underlying these seemingly contradictory results has been the subject of many discussions. Herein, some fundamental considerations of photochemistry are briefly summarized within the context of a proposed mechanism that rationalizes the experimental results obtained by UVPD. Considerations for future instrument design, in terms of wavelength choice and power, are briefly discussed. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Semi-supervised model-based clustering with positive and negative constraints

Cluster analysis is a popular technique in statistics and computer science with the objective of grouping similar observations in relatively distinct groups generally known as clusters. Semi-supervised clustering assumes that some additional information about group memberships is available. Under the most frequently considered scenario, labels are known for some portion of data and unavailable for the rest of observations. In this paper, we discuss a general type of semi-supervised clustering defined by so called positive and negative constraints. Under positive constraints, some data points are required to belong to the same cluster. On the contrary, negative constraints specify that particular points must represent different data groups. We outline a general framework for semi-supervised clustering with constraints naturally incorporating the additional information into the EM algorithm traditionally used in mixture modeling and model-based clustering. The developed methodology is illustrated on synthetic and classification datasets. A dendrochronology application is considered and thoroughly discussed.
South African Dyslipidaemia Guideline Consensus Statement:

South Africa (SA) is home to a heterogeneous population with a wide range of cardiovascular risk factors. Cholesterol reduction in combination with aggressive management of modifiable risk factors, including nutrition, physical activity, blood pressure and smoking, can help to reduce and prevent morbidity and mortality in individuals who are at increased risk of cardiovascular events. This updated consensus guide to management of dyslipidaemia in SA is based on the updated European Society of Cardiology and European Atherosclerosis Society dyslipidaemia guidelines published in 2016. For individuals who are not considered to be at high or very high cardiovascular risk, the decision whether to treat and which interventional strategy to use is based on a cardiovascular risk score calculated using total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), gender, age and smoking status. The cardiovascular risk score refers to the 10-year risk of any cardiovascular event and includes 4 categories of risk (low, moderate, high and very high). People with established cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease and genetic or severe dyslipidaemias are considered to already be at high or very high risk and do not require risk scoring. Therapeutic lifestyle change is the mainstay of management for all patients. The need for and intensity of drug therapy is determined according to baseline low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) levels and the target LDL-C concentration appropriate to the individual. LDL-C treatment targets are based on pre-treatment risk and are as follows: &lt;3 mmol/L in low- and moderate risk cases; &lt;2.5 mmol/L and a reduction of at least 50% if the baseline concentration is 2.5 - 5.2 mmol/L in high-risk cases; and &lt;1.8 mmol/L and a reduction of at least 50% if the baseline concentration is 1.8 - 3.5 mmol/L in very high-risk cases. A statin is usually recommended first-line; the specific agent is based on the required degree of cholesterol reduction, comorbidities and co-prescribed medication. Special attention should be paid to children with a family history of genetic or severe dyslipidaemia, who should be screened for dyslipidaemia from 8 years of age. In SA, HIV infection is not considered to be a significant cardiovascular risk factor and treatment recommendations for HIV-positive individuals are the same as for the general population, with careful choice of pharmacotherapy to avoid potential adverse drug-drug interactions. The benefit of statins in individuals older than 70 years is uncertain and clinical judgement should be used to guide treatment decisions and to avoid side-effects and overmedication in this group.
In-Vitro Biocompatibility Determination of Bladder Acellular Matrix Graft

In-vitro biocompatibility testing of bladder acellular matrix graft (BAMG) was carried out after cross-linking with 0.6% Glutaraldehyde (GA), 1% Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMD), 1% 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDGE) and 1% 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) for 12, 24, 48 and 72 h duration at room temperature. The uncross-linked acellular bladder was used as control. In-vitro studies included enzymatic degradation (collagenase, elastase and trypsin), free amino group determination, moisture content percentage, molecular weight analysis using SDS-PAGE and free protein content estimation. Enzymatic degradation was carried out by treating BAMG with collagenase (20 U/ml), elastase (0.1 U/ml) and trypsin (0.004 Anson U/ml). HMD treated biomaterials were found highly resistant among the cross-linked samples to enzymatic degradation. The GA and HMD treated bladder acellular matrix had greatest reduction in free amino group contents in comparison to EDC, BDDEGE and control samples. The maximum dehydration (least moisture content) was recorded in EDC treated BAMG, followed by HMD, BDDGE and GA treated samples at respective time intervals. In SDS-PAGE the GA and EDC treated samples did not show any band pattern whereas, HMD and BDDGE showed protein bands almost similar to that of acellular bladder (control), but were of reduced density and less intensity. Reduction in the free protein contents was minimum in HMD cross-linked samples, while it was maximum in GA and EDC treated samples.
Remote Sensing Image-oriented JPEG2000 Optimized Compression Algorithm

Based on the frame of conventional JPEG2000 compression,a segment treatment compression algorithm is put forward to solve the problem of time-consuming processing of remote sensing image. In the coding channel,the scanning stage is combined with the coding stage,so the time of the coding and deciphering process is reduced. After wavelet transformations,unimportant background information of the wavelet coefficient in high frequency sub-bands is eliminated and the handling process of important information is shortened,so the transmission time which has much correlation about compression ratios and data volume can be reduced significantly. Experimental results show the time of the remote sensing image compression,transmission and reconstruction of this algorithm can be shortened without image quality reduced.
Microactuators

Electroactive polymers (EAP) consist of materials capable of changing dimensions and/or shape in response to electrical stimuli. Most EAPs are also capable of generating electrical energy in response to applied mechanical forces. These polymeric materials exhibit properties well beyond what conventional metal or plastic-based actuators can offer, including very high mechanical flexibility (can be stretched to twice their initial size), low density, a high grade of processability, scalability, microfabrication readiness and, in most cases, low cost. Micro-EAPs enable a new broad range of applications for which large strains and forces are desirable, and for which built-in intelligence is necessary.
The main objective of the project will be the improvement of the career perspectives (in academia and in industry) of young researchers by training them at the forefront of research in the field of smart soft systems made of EAP microactuators for advanced miniaturized devices. The overall objective for the scientific programme is research and development of EAP materials and their integration for industrial applications. Special attention will be devoted to the development of microactuators. The field of smart materials is growing extremely fast. Materials whose stiffness and shape can be controlled, and that are capable of sensing their shape allow new classes of compliant complex systems. Through the MICACT programme, we hope to ensure that European researchers keep their leading role in this blossoming field, and to help them transition to industrial positions.
Generating Method Considering Magnetic Saturation of SRMG Using Parallel Switching Mechanism

A Switched Reluctance Motor and Generator (SRMG) has a simple double salient pole structure that uses reluctance torque and does not use a permanent magnet, making the unit price low. This kind of structure makes it mechanically tough, have outstanding output characteristics making it used as traction purpose. However the noise, vibration and torque ripple is bigger than other motors and because it does not have any magnetic flux in the rotor, it is not useful in regenerating.[[ In this paper, novel regenerating method with separate excitation driving technique is presented. It is different from the existing regenerating brake that uses the remnant flux on a separate excitation type by using a parallel switching base to redirect portion of the flux path to excitation and the rest to generation. The proposed method makes it able to use a larger portion in generating, there is no limitation in the excitation current in order to generate and the control of the output is simple. Because the proposed method is based on the parallel switching technique the number of switch per phase does increase. However in motor mode the division of current goes down making it easier to go in generating mode. The proposed method is generated upper 50% regenerating power rate more than general method. In order to prove the possibility, a simulation of flux flow using FEM is applied. The proposed method is also verified by experiment result.
THE USE OF TNF-ALPHA ANTAGONIST AS DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH SEPSIS AND WITHOUT SUFFERING FROM TOTAL ORGAN FAILURE

The present invention relates to the use of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) antagonists in the treatment of patients with an inflammatory reaction and without suffering from total organ failure.
Discovery of immune therapeutic targets and immunomodulators for the development of novel therapies in rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune chronic disease, characterized by inflammation in multiple joints, ultimately leading to joint deformity, pain and swelling. RA is one of the most frequent inflammatory arthropathies, with a prevalence of 0.3%-1%, striking during the most productive years of adulthood, and is a chronic disabling condition. No therapies exist to prevent RA, and a high percentage of patients do not respond to currently available therapies. Our research aims to integrate expertise on immunology and cutting-edge screening technologies to identify novel immunotherapeutics for RA based on immune modulation mechanisms. The project makes use of an extensive screening effort using a chemical library (60,000 compounds) containing repurposing drugs (drugs already approved for their use for the treatment of other diseases), targeted libraries and lead-like compounds. The aim of the project is to identify novel small molecules capable to modulate the immune response, counterbalancing the altered inflammatory environment that characterizes RA. Elucidation of the mechanism of action of the candidates (cell type, pathway and target) will take place through state-of-the art technologies such as chemoproteomics, RNASeq or CRISPR/Cas9. Ultimately, the most promising candidates will be tested ex vivo in cells from RA patients, providing a proof-of-concept of the therapeutic utility of the identified mechanism. The project is interdisciplinary and will make progress beyond the state of the art, as the identified immunotherapeutics could also be employed to treat other (auto)immune diseases, as well as being potentially translated to immunotherapy of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The high-quality and originality of this proposal will open up the best career possibilities for the experienced researcher, and will be carried out under the umbrella of a public-private partnership with a pharmaceutical company, boosting European competitiveness.
A distribution and monetisation ecosystem for mobile applications, maximising market growth through affiliation

Flexion Mobile’s Gamesmondo project targets the Android segment of the mobile games market, forecast to exceed €35
billion per annum by 2017. The project, currently in TRL 6, is a major part of Flexion’s long-term strategy to build an open
and fair market for Android games.

The Android operating system is open. Hundreds of potential distribution channels exist and new entrants want to get
involved in games distribution. In practice Android is currently dominated by one store. This is due to Google’s dominant
position and freemium games’ dependency on features provided by the distribution channel. Supporting multiple channels
means developers need to create and maintain multiple builds and relationships.

In today’s market:
• Developers are locked in to Google Play which is overcrowded, with limited discovery forcing them to spend heavily on
advertising
• Remaining distribution channels suffer due to a lack of content
• Developers’ payment monetisation is limited to what Google’s payments can support
• Non-Google distribution channels are effectively locked out of the market

An open market, where developers can distribute games in any channel (including Google Play) would drive overall industry
growth and reduce issues for developers. Gamesmondo combines enabling technology, commercial relationships,
monetisation and service management to create an aggregated network of games, distribution channels and users. This
overcomes fragmentation and opens up the market without opportunity cost. Developers get routes to users otherwise
unreachable. Distribution channels get access to games and revenue otherwise unavailable and new players can enter the
market.

Gamesmondo will define a new set of tools, rules and methods for both developers and end users, whilst building a versatile
foundation for benefiting from a growing market and successfully shrinking inequality by Google Play.