SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
The origin and growth of a recently-active fissure ridge travertine over a seismic fault, Tivoli, Italy

Abstract An enigmatic, c. 2 km-long and 15 m-high travertine ridge, the Colle Fiorito ridge, occurs in the northwestern sector of the Tivoli travertine plateau, central Italy. The main questions addressed in this paper concern the origin and mode of growth of this prominent ridge. The presence of active structures beneath the studied ridge is inferred by recent and past earthquakes located at shallow depths immediately beneath Colle Fiorito. To understand the surficial structure of the Colle Fiorito ridge and the travertine depositional environment, we constructed a 10 m-resolution DEM, analyzed recent and past aerial photographs, and conducted field surveys and meso- to micro-scale sedimentological analyses. To understand the ridge subsurface structure, we studied a set of 32 stratigraphic well logs available from previous works and from the local decorative stone industry, and realized a 2D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) across the ridge. Results show a gentle antiformal structure affected by subvertical zones of strata discontinuity. The Colle Fiorito structure is interpreted as a previously-unknown fissure ridge travertine grown at the edge of the Tivoli travertine plateau, perhaps when the volumetric deposition rate reached its climax in the plateau for the abundance of fluid discharge and the rise of the water table. Such a fluid pressure may have activated the faults and fractures beneath Colle Fiorito, thus opening new pathways for the ascension of geothermal fluids toward the surface.
Application of Ultrasonic Wavesfor Degassing of Drilling Fluids and Crude OilsApplication of Ultrasonic Waves for Degassing of Drilling Fluids and Crude Oils

In the oil and gas industry, both the produced oil and the drilling fluids used while drilling will contain gases that are entrapped within their liquid systems. These gases are removed, or degassed, using several methods such as separator tanks (for crude oil) and vacuum degassers (for drilling mud). This project, however, proposes a novel, environment friendly and cheap method of degassing that uses ultrasonic waves to remove gas bubbles from liquid systems. This method could be incorporated with already existing degassing technologies to increase their efficiency. The objective of this work, therefore, is to investigate the feasibility of using ultrasonic waves as a method of degassing drilling fluids and crude oil samples. The basic idea of this new method is based on the effect that ultrasonic waves generate when in contact with a liquid medium as they create repeated compressions (high-pressure cycles) and rarefactions (low-pressure cycles) in which small vacuum bubbles (voids) are formed in the liquid. Dissolved gases will migrate into these small voids which will coalesce and then rapidly grow into large size bubbles that are easily removed out of the liquid. Hence, this method insures more effective removal of dissolved gases that are entrapped within the liquid. Also, as this whole process happens rapidly, gas bubbles will have shorter time in contact with the liquid particles which reduces the possibility of gas redissolving; especially in the case of highly viscous liquids such as oil. This further adds to the advantages of using this new method. For the purpose of this project, several testing methods such as sonication, density, pH, Particle Size Distribution (PSD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), and corrosion testing were conducted. These tests aimed to evaluate the physical and chemical impacts that ultrasonic waves have on the tested systems. The results of these tests prove, to a great extent, the effectiveness of ultrasonic waves in removing gases from water based mud and crude oil samples. The impact of ultrasonic waves on the physical and chemical properties of the tested fluid systems, however, requires further investigation.
A novel sustainable paper cup for take away drinks

Near 58 billion paper cups are used globally per year. This involves the consumption of one million tonnes of virgin paper, cutting down 32 million trees, the consumption of 100 billion litres of water, the generation of 25,000 tonnes of waste (solely in the UK), and the emission of greenhouses gases equivalent to half a million cars. Paper cups are often lined or coated with plastic such as polyethylene (PE) or oil- based waxes to prevent the liquid from leaking out or soaking through the paper. These paper cups are almost impossible to recycle because of the difficulties of separating the paper from waterproof oil-based liners. This means paper cups end up going to landfill or, at best, are incinerated to generate energy. The heavy environmental impact of paper cups is extremely unsustainable, with each one generating a carbon footprint of 0.11kg of CO2. 
UCUP, a novel sustainable paper cup for take-away drinks, provides an innovative solution to reduce the huge environmental impact of disposable cups. UCUP features an eco-innovative material obtained from brown seaweed which is bio-based, biodegradable and recyclable while it provides the same properties as current oil-based liners (waterproof, thermal and mechanical resistance) at a competitive price. 
Our main objective is to exploit the business opportunities of this new material in the food packaging and food services packaging (ready-to-eat & take away) sectors. We plan to launch UCUP onto the market and seek to further develop it to a market-ready product. We will use Phase 2 for this purpose, with a total investment of €2 million in 18 months. The overall plan is to market UCUP first in UK and speed up scalability at international level through a network of allies and partners. Thanks to this strategy, we expect to reach a turnover of €8.6 million and 22 employees by 2025.
Surface Heat Flux Prediction Through Physics-Based Calibration, Part 1: Theory

A transformative methodology is presented for predicting surface heat fluxes based on interior temperature measurements. A physics-based calibration method is mathematically developed presently in the context of the linear heat equation and experimentally verified (in a later paper), indicating the merit and accuracy of the approach. Sensor characterization, sensor positioning, and thermophysical properties are inherently contained without being explicitly expressed in the final mathematical expression, relating the surface heat flux to interior temperature measurements. A unified theoretical basis is presently under development that encompasses one-, two-, and three-dimensional multiregion geometries possessing orthotropic thermophysical properties. Additionally, the mathematical formalism will recover either the local surface heat flux or total surface heat transfer. This paper represents the first presentation of the concept, illustrates its genesis, and presents insight toward developing a comprehensi...
Post-Planck dark energy constraints

We constrain plausible dark energy models, parametrized by multiple candidate equation of state, using the recently published Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature anisotropy data from Planck together with the WMAP-9 low-$\ell$ polarization data and data from low redshift surveys. To circumvent the limitations of any particular equation of state towards describing all existing dark energy models, we work with three different equation of state covering a broader class of dark energy models and, hence, provide more robust and generic constraints on the dark energy properties. We show that a clear tension exists between dark energy constraints from CMB and non-CMB observations when one allows for dark energy models having both phantom and non-phantom behavior; while CMB is more favorable to phantom models, the low-z data prefers model with behavior close to a Cosmological Constant. Further, we reconstruct the equation of state of dark energy as a function of redshift using the results from combined CMB and non-CMB data and find that Cosmological Constant lies outside the 1$\sigma$ band for multiple dark energy models allowing phantom behavior. A considerable fine tuning is needed to keep models with strict non-phantom history inside 2$\sigma$ allowed range. This result might motivate one to construct phantom models of dark energy,which is achievable in the presence of higher derivative operators as in string theory. However, disallowing phantom behavior, based only on strong theoretical prior, leads to both CMB and non-CMB datasets agree on the nature of dark energy, with the mean equation of state being very close to the Cosmological Constant. Finally, to illustrate the impact of additional dark energy parameters on other cosmological parameters, we provide the cosmological parameter constraints for different dark energy models.
Screening and ranking framework for underground hydrogen storage site selection in Poland

Abstract This paper proposes the use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in order to select the potential underground hydrogen storage sites. The preliminary selection and evaluation of hydrogen storage sites may be considered as a multi-criteria decision-making process. The use of a decision model based on 5 (for aquifers) or 6 geological criteria (in the case of salt and hydrocarbon deposits) has been proposed. A ranking of salt structures, aquifers, and crude oil and natural gas reservoirs, previously identified as the potential hydrogen storage sites in Poland, has been presented. The obtained results have confirmed that the AHP-based approach can be useful for preliminary selection of potential underground hydrogen storage sites. The proposed method enables one to objectively choose the most satisfactory decision, from the point of view of the adopted decision-making criteria, regarding the choice of the best structure.
Responding to the trend of human enhancement drugs: the case of drug-free bodybuilding culture in european context

The present project sets out to explore the hitherto uncharted culture of drug-free (‘natural’) bodybuilding that has been emerging in different parts of the world as a response to a dominant, pharmacologically-enhanced model that has thus far monopolised public attention and debate. My aim is to critically investigate the practices, discourses and structures that constitute ‘natural’ bodybuilding and make sense of it in light of a ubiquitous gym/fitness culture and the wider phenomenon of human enhancement. Focusing on Europe as a significant and intriguing site in this emerging global mosaic of body cultures, the research will employ a combination of qualitative methods to trace the development of ‘natural’ bodybuilding across diverse geo-cultural areas of the continent.
METHOD FOR STABILISING A PILE FABRIC SUCH AS A PILE CARPET PROVIDED WITH AN REINFORCING BACK AND A SHEET CLOTH PRODUCED BY SAID METHOD

A known method for producing pile carpet with tufted pile fibres consists in holding the back side of a support layer with a non-woven and in assembling said support layer with the dorsal fibres of the pile fibres by hydrodynamic needle-punching. Also a known method consisting in placing an intermediate layer between a support layer and the non-woven which consists at least partially of fusing fibres and in connecting said support layer and the non-woven to the back side of a carpet by hydrodynamic needle-punching. The inventive method consists in forming an intermediate layer from a fusing powder or from short cut fusing fibres and in incorporating the support layer in to the carpet back by hydrodynamic needle-punching prior to effectively fixing the pile fibres to the support layer by a fusion process.
Analysis and feasibility study of residential integrated heat and energy recovery ventilator with built-in economizer using an excel spreadsheet program

Abstract Currently, heat recovery ventilator (HRV) and energy recovery ventilator (ERV) are commonly studied. Nevertheless, there is limited information regarding the dual-core approach energy recovery. This paper investigates the feasibility of an integrated HRV and ERV system, namely HERV, with a built-in economizer used in the residential sector to reduce dependency on furnace and air conditioning systems. In order to achieve this goal, an excel-based analysis tool was developed, providing a quick estimate of system performance and comparison with the HRV and ERV that are currently being used in research houses. The potential of integrated heat and energy recovery ventilator was evaluated based on its calculated operating cost ratio (OCR) and its payback period. Results collected for Vancouver and Toronto, corresponding to temperate and continental climate, indicated that the OCRs of the HERV were four times smaller than the ERV's, meaning that the proposed system was cost-efficient. It was also evidenced that the high demand on the economizer resulted in higher energy saving and shorter payback period of the system. In conclusion, the integrated HERV system with a built-in economizer could be a feasible option for both temperate and continental climates.
ARTISAN COMPANY T1C_7

THE DEVELOPMENT PLAN CONCERNS THE MODERNISATION OF THE COMPANY’S PLANTS AND SPECIFICALLY THE PURCHASE AND INSTALLATION OF A CAR WASHING SYSTEM CONSISTING OF FOUR COVERED TRACKS, COMPLETE WITH ELECTRONIC CONTROLLED LIGHTING CEILING LIGHTS. THE INVESTMENT ALSO INCLUDES A TECHNICAL ROOM AND A MODERN SUCTION SYSTEM, EQUIPPED WITH THREE STATIONS, WHICH WILL ALLOW THE CLEANING OF THE INTERIORS OF THE VEHICLES.
Health behaviour change of people living with HIV after a comprehensive community-based HIV stigma reduction intervention in North-West Province in South Africa

Abstract All over the world, health behaviour is considered a complex, far reaching and powerful phenomenon. People's lives are influenced by their own or others' health behaviour on a daily basis. Whether it has to do with smoking, drinking, pollution, global warming or HIV management, it touches lives and it challenges personal and community responses. Health behaviour, and health behaviour change, probably holds the key to many a person's immediate or prolonged life or death outcomes. The same can be said about communities, culture groups and nations. This SANPAD-funded study focused on research questions relating to health behaviour change for people living with HIV (PLWH) in the North-West Province in South Africa. It investigated whether a comprehensive community-based HIV stigma reduction intervention caused health behaviour change in PLWH. An quantitative single system research design with one pre- and four repetitive post-tests utilizing purposive sampling was used to test change-over-time in the health behaviour of 18 PLWH. The results of the study indicated statistical and/or practical significant change-over-time. The intervention not only addressed the health behaviour of PLWH, but also their HIV stigma experiences, HIV signs and symptoms and their quality of life in the context of being HIV positive. The recommendations include popularization of the comprehensive community-based HIV stigma reduction intervention and extending it to include a second intervention to strengthen health behaviour and quality of life for PLWH in the community at large.
LIQUID FERTILIZERS COMPRISING DISSOLVED FERTILIZER AND SUSPENDED SOLIDS COMPRISING CALCIUM

The present invention relates to liquid fertilizers comprising water; a first fertilizing ingredient dissolved in the aqueous liquid; a solid suspended in the aqueous liquid, wherein the solid comprises calcium; and a polysaccharide rheology modifier; characterized in that the suspended solid has a Dv(25) of 5 micron or more and a Dv(75) of 100 micron or less as determined by laser diffraction. The present invention further relates to methods for producing said liquid fertilizers and the use thereof for fertilization through side dress, soil injection, spray (soil and/or foliar) or fertigation application, preferably spray or fertigation application.
Addressing too big to fail: resolution, organizational structure, and funding of global banks

One of the main unresolved challenges of the recent financial crisis is how society should deal with global banks that are “too big to fail.” The collapse of Lehman Brothers vividly demonstrated the costs of the failure of such an institution, with sweeping repercussions for the financial system and the broader economy. Yet, implicit public guarantees that would prevent such failures are equally costly, creating moral hazard in the form of increased risk taking and incentives for financial institutions to become larger and more complex.

The research in this proposal will address this dilemma. From a methodological perspective, my research will advance the state of the art in financial intermediation theory by explicitly modeling the failure and resolution of global banks, emphasizing crucial elements that are absent from leading theories: the design of mechanisms that allow for an orderly resolution of struggling global financial institutions, the incentives of national authorities in the regulation and resolution of global banks, the role of the corporate and organizational structure of global banks, as well as their optimal size and scope. The proposed approach is interdisciplinary; it will generate novel insights by drawing on different subfields within economics (corporate finance theory, organizational economics) and aspects of bankruptcy law. Moreover, the research will take a holistic view that explicitly recognizes the two-way feedback between the rules that govern bank resolution and decisions on funding, investment, and size taken by banks prior to a potential resolution. Overall, the findings from this research will be directly relevant for regulators and policymakers. For example, they will inform currently debated legislation regarding the regulation and resolution of global banks, such as the Single Resolution Mechanism in the EU.
Takashi Gomi: a bridge builder in robotics

Takashi Gomi’s death in September 2013 has left an enormous gap in the lives of his family and friends. Here I pay tribute to his multiple roles in bridging many gaps – so uniquely and charismatically – in the field of robotics over several decades. He was a principal player in the development of autonomous and evolutionary robotics over this period. He called his approach Non-Cartesian robotics, others used different terms such as Behavior Based Robotics or Nouvelle AI for broadly similar ideas; what united them was a critical rejection of many of the classical robotic assumptions that have been loosely called GOFAI – Good Old-Fashioned AI.
Cracking Cold: Solving the Riddle of RAP and Thermal Cracking

Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) increasingly is being used in asphalt mixes. However, there are some concerns that higher quantities of RAP may compromise mix performance in cold-weather regions and contribute to low-temperature (thermal) cracking. This article discusses the causes of low-temperature cracking, and describes some of the research being conducted to ensure that RAP does not add to the problem. Some research suggests that the use of RAP in the amount of 15% or less should not present a problem. However, higher amounts of RAP can increase the stiffness properties of the mixture. In cold climates, this may contribute to the occurrence of low-temperature cracking. One solution might be to use RAP in warm-mix asphalt, which could allow for less premature aging, less thermal cracking and the ability to use a cheaper binder that does not require a polymer modifier. Cold in-place recycling may also result in better low-temperature cracking performance. New test procedures and testing devices also are being developed to evaluate low-temperature cracking.
Pressure Analysis of the Initial Process of Diffusion Combustion Surge in a 350 kW Gas Boiler

In order to meet the increasingly stringent requirements for nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from gas boilers, flue gas recirculation (FGR) technology is commonly used to achieve ultra-low NOx emissions. However, under some ultra-low NOx combustion conditions with FGR, a surge phenomenon occurs in the boiler, which causes a flameout in severe cases, and seriously affects the safe and stable operation of the boiler. In this study, the diffusion combustion surge of gas boiler with a rated power of 350 kW and equipped with FGR device was investigated. Pressure characteristic analysis results of the initial process of combustion surge showed that the high-frequency component of pressure is closely related to combustion stability and its change can provide reference for the occurrence of surge. Besides, the initial process of surge was analyzed by wavelet packet entropy method. Results indicated that the wavelet packet entropy of pressure signals could effectively reflect the stability of combustion in the furnace, and it could also be used to study the occurrence of surge.
WASHING MACHINE

A laundry washing machine including a drum (3) arranged in a supporting frame (5) and adapted to contain a soap and water mixture and the laundry to be washed; the drum includes electrodes (7) connected to a high frequency generator (9) in turn connected to a power line (111). The electrodes generate a high frequency electrical field for activating the soap at a lower temperature with respect to a conventional washing machine.
Monitoramento de uma Cesta De Bens e Serviços Territoriais

O enfoque da Cesta de Bens e Serviços Territoriais (CBST) completou vinte anos desde que dois artigos pioneiros sobre o tema foram publicados, em 2001, na revista francesa “Economie Rurale”. A ideia central dessa abordagem está associada à oferta compartilhada de produtos e serviços de qualidade de um determinado território. Sua concepção se deu a partir de estudos de caso em zonas francesas de montanha, onde o modelo de agricultura produtivista não se difundiu de forma plena. A construção de um painel de indicadores dos principais componentes da CBST se tornou necessária a partir da utilização do enfoque para estudar distintos territórios. O objetivo deste artigo consiste em conceber uma ferramenta metodológica de monitoramento que seja capaz de averiguar a aproximação entre a realidade constatada em determinado território e o tipo ideal de Cesta. Esses indicadores podem ser utilizados tanto para fins específicos de pesquisa, quanto para que atores territoriais monitorem as ações e se capacitem na arte do desenvolvimento territorial. Para elaborar o painel de indicadores, recorreu-se à revisão da bibliografia elaborada sobre o tema e resultados parciais de pesquisa em curso no quadro de projetos interinstitucionais implementados no estado de Santa Catarina. O principal resultado deste artigo é uma primeira versão desse painel, o qual servirá de referência para aplicações junto a atores dos territórios estudados, com o duplo propósito de ajustar os indicadores e capacitar os atores sociais no enfoque da CBST.
Hybrid intelligent method of relevant vector machine and regression tree for probabilistic load forecasting

This paper proposes a new hybrid intelligent method for probabilistic short-term load forecasting (STLF) in power systems. It consists of Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) of the statistical learning method called Kernel Machine and regression tree (RT) of data mining. As the preconditioned technique of data, RT is used to classify learning data into some clusters with the data similarity. After classifying data into some clusters, RVM is constructed to predict one-step ahead loads at each cluster. RVM is one of efficient Kernel Machines that extend Support Vector Machine (SVM) to deal with continuous variables. It has advantage to narrow the lower and upper bounds of predicted values with high accuracy. The proposed method is successfully applied to real data of Japanese utilities.