SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
The ambiguity of khat in Somaliland

This article presents an analysis of the economic, political and socio-cultural significance of khat in Somaliland, highlighting both its positive and negative effects.Thirteen months of anthropological fieldwork in Somaliland, two months of anthropological fieldwork among Somalis in London, four months experience from the Somalia Joint Needs Assessment working as a development specialist on khat, as well as available and relevant literature.The recent growth in khat consumption in Somaliland is linked to dispersal, unemployment, socio-cultural changes caused by the civil war, and the massive inflow of remittances. Consumption takes place because of an encouraging socio-cultural environment, few opportunities for education and employment, lack of care and support from parents, as well as widespread availability. Khat represents a significant economic drain on the Somaliland economy, but is also an important source of income for the state and an employment opportunity for thousands. The consumption of khat among government employees challenges the efficiency of state institutions, but also provides a participatory and peaceful political environment that is vital to the democratic transformation of Somaliland. Khat causes the breakdown of families and seriously challenges Somali socio-cultural identities, values and practices. However, khat also strengthens male networks, communities and senses of belonging to Somaliland.The article argues that khat has both negative and positive effects on Somaliland society. Comparing the role of khat in Somaliland with khat in Puntland and South-central Somalia it is clear that khat in itself does not determine if it contributes to state building and peace, or state failure and violence. Rather, it is the socio-cultural, political and historical context in which it is consumed that determines its larger societal effects. A nuanced analysis of the positive and negative aspects of khat that builds on local perceptions and practices is necessary in order to work with khat from a regulatory and developmental perspective.
Freezing of gait depends on cortico-subthalamic network recruitment following STN-DBS in PD patients

from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Alcohol intoxication at a university hospital acute medicine unit--with special consideration of young adults: an 8-year observational study from Switzerland

Many media reports suggest an increase in alcohol intoxication, particularly among young people. Indeed, several surveys on young people have confirmed this fact. These were based on self-declaration of alcohol consumption. However, there are few clinical data that show an increase in alcohol intoxication in hospitals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the number of alcohol intoxications in relation to the total number of patients and to look for a statistical trend.Using their electronic database, the authors identified all patients with alcohol intoxication who were treated in the acute medical wing of our ED in the years 2000-2007. In the group aged 16-25 years, the authors searched for combined intoxication.The authors found a significant increase in alcohol intoxication in all age groups and also in young people aged below 25 years. There were more intoxicated males than females (male to female ratio 1.5:1). The age distribution of our intoxicated patients showed a peak at 35-45 years of age and repeated admissions were frequent in this age class. Drugs consumed together with alcohol in the age group 16-25 were mostly cannabis and cocaine.Episodic drinking is not only a problem in the 16-25 age group, it also concerns men of 35-45 years. This is a major public health problem in industrialised countries. Intoxicated patients are at acute risk of injuries and violence following alcohol abuse. Preventive measures should not only be limited to younger adults.
Volume and Carbon Estimates for the Forest Area of the Amhara Region in Northwestern Ethiopia

Sustainable forest management requires a continuous assessment of the forest conditions covering the species distribution, standing tree volume as well as volume increment rates. Forest inventories are designed to record this information. They, in combination with ecosystem models, are the conceptual framework for sustainable forest management. While such management systems are common in many countries, no forest inventory system and/or modeling tools for deriving forest growth information are available in Ethiopia. This study assesses, for the first time, timber volume, carbon, and Net Primary Production (NPP) of forested areas in the Amhara region of northwestern Ethiopia by combining (i) terrestrial inventory data, and (ii) land cover classification information. The inventory data were collected from five sites across the Amhara region (Ambober, Gelawdiwos, Katassi, Mahiberesilasse and Taragedam) covering three forest types: (i) forests, (ii) shrublands (exclosures) and (ii) woodlands. The data were recorded on 198 sample plots and cover diameter at breast height, tree height, and increment information. In order to extrapolate the local terrestrial inventory data to the whole Amhara region, a digital land cover map from the Amhara’s Bureau of Agriculture was simplified into (i) forest, (ii) shrubland, and (iii) woodland. In addition, the forest area is further stratified in five elevation classes. Our results suggest that the forest area in the Amhara region covers 2% of the total land area with an average volume stock of 65.7 m3·ha−1; the shrubland covers 27% and a volume stock of 3.7 m3·ha−1; and the woodland covers 6% and an average volume stock of 27.6 m3·ha−1. The corresponding annual volume increment rates are 3.0 m3·ha−1, for the forest area; 1.0 m3·ha−1, for the shrubland; and 1.2 m3·ha−1, for the woodland. The estimated current total volume stock in the Amhara region is 59 million m3.
The effects of administration of ligands for Toll-like receptor 4 and 21 against Marek's disease in chickens

Ligands for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are known to stimulate immune responses, leading to protection against bacterial and viral pathogens. Here, we aimed to examine the effects of various TLR ligands on the development of Marek's disease in chickens. Specific-pathogen free chickens were treated with a series of TLR ligands that interact with TLR3, TLR9 and TLR21. In a pilot study, it was determined that TLR4 and TLR21 ligands are efficacious, in that they could reduce the incidence of Marek's disease tumors in infected birds. Hence, in a subsequent study, chickens were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a TLR4 and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) as TLR21 agonists before being challenged with the RB1B strain of Marek's disease virus (MDV) via the respiratory route. The results demonstrated that the administration of LPS or CpG ODN, but not PBS or non-CpG ODN, delayed disease onset and reduced MDV genome copy number in the spleens of infected chickens. Taken together, our data demonstrate that TLR4 and 21 agonists modulate anti-virus innate immunity including cytokine responses in MD-infected chicken and this response can only delay, but not inhibit, disease progression.
Chemical functionalization of Xanthan gum for the dispersion of double-walled carbon nanotubes in water

Achieving stable suspensions of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in water is still a challenge. Addition of surfactants is desirable as it allows keeping intact the intrinsic properties of the CNTs. However, for different applications, the potential toxicity of the surfactant is an important issue. Polysaccharides are among the best candidates and chemical modification can improve their intrinsic features. They can thus combine the properties of added synthetic counterparts with their intrinsic biocompatibility. In this work, we focused on the synthesis of hydrophobically modified Xanthan (Xan) with three derivatives (Diphenylmaleic anhydride, Phtalic anhydride, Epichlorhydrin-Phenol) to disperse CNTs. The dispersion and the stability against sedimentation of double walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) have been investigated (rheological properties, zeta potential) as a function of pH and Xan concentration. Our results show that stable suspension of DWCNTs for 0.5% (w/w) could be obtained with the three derivatives of modified Xanthan gum in acidic and alkaline media while Xan itself is a very poor dispersing agent for CNTs, giving good evidence of the validity of our approach.
Discontinuities in co2 storage reservoirs

The current scientific consensus indicates that it is vital to reach zero carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 2050 in order to avoid a large number of negative and unprecedented impacts on our planet due to global warming, such as extreme weather events, significant sea level rise, extinction of species and loss of biodiversity, among many others. It is therefore clear that a series of parallel mitigation actions must be undertaken, among which CO2 sequestration in geological repositories plays a major role.  A worldwide application of this technology can take place only if a long-term storage of CO2 is assured, which, in turn, depends on a deep understanding of the reservoir characteristics. In this context, naturally-occurring or artificial underground mechanical discontinuities (MDs) are ubiquitous features which constitute the primary reasons for possible hazards associated with CO2 injection operations. DISCO2 STORE consortium thoughtfully examines MDs, in order to provide new knowledge and tools towards a riskless CO2 injection practice. This enterprise is tackled by building an interdisciplinary and international network, gathering 12 institutions from EU and TC. It congregates 35 experienced researchers, from academic and non-academic institutions, that share their variety of research expertise by means of international secondments and promote high-level training in a topic of high social impact. In addition, 19 PhD students participate in the project, gaining knowledge and acquiring competences on this environmental hot topic, in an international and stimulating framework. The outputs of this ambitious research proposal permit a deeper understanding of the effects of MDs and contribute towards making CO2 geological sequestration operations a safer and more reachable alternative for the mitigation of the effects of global warming.
Increasing the competitiveness of the PROFESSIONAL FISHING COSMETICS PAWEŁ Strzaliński through participation in the Innovation in SMEs competition.

Stapiz Professional Hairdressing Cosmetics is a Polish manufacturer of hair cosmetics, which for over 16 years have been available on the professional market of hair products, both in Poland and in many foreign markets. The aim of the project is to increase the competitiveness of the Applicant’s enterprise by participating in the Innovation in SMEs competition. As part of the project, the Applicant: will carry out the business plan, annexed to this grant application, – will bear the cost of expanding the technological line to the extent specified in the material and financial scope of the project, – will prepare information materials on the implementation of the project.
(16808.19102018.133000032) AGREGACIÓN

CONSTRUIR FLUJO DE INFORMACIÓN PARA YATES (BIFLOW) TIENE COMO OBJETIVO CREAR UNA PLATAFORMA IT PARA GESTIONAR EL ALMACENAMIENTO Y EL INTERCAMBIO DEL FLUJO DE INFORMACIÓN PRODUCIDO DURANTE EL DISEÑO, REALIZACIÓN Y COMERCIALIZACIÓN DE UN PROYECTO YACHT.IL, CON VISTAS A GESTIONAR LA CADENA DE SUMINISTRO, CON LA INTENCIÓN DE INTERCEPTAR Y SATISFACER LAS NECESIDADES DE CUALQUIER ACTOR INVOLUCRADO EN LA CADENA DE PRODUCCIÓN QUE DISTINGA LA PRODUCCIÓN DE UN YATE, YA SEA EL DISEÑADOR, EL ASTILLERO, LA EMPRESA DE SERVICIOS O EL CLIENTE, CON EL OBJETIVO DE SUPERAR EL PROBLEMA DE DISPERSIÓN DE INFORMACIÓN, A LO LARGO DE TODA LA TRAYECTORIA DE PRODUCCIÓN DE UN BARCO, DESDE LA PROPUESTA COMERCIAL HASTA EL FINAL DEL PERÍODO DE GARANTÍA. ¿PROPORCIONARÁ EL PROYECTO? UN APOYO EN LA PLANIFICACIÓN INICIAL DEL TRABAJO Y EN EL DISEÑO DE LAS RELACIONES ENTRE LOS SUJETOS QUE PARTICIPAN EN LA REALIZACIÓN DE LA EMBARCACIÓN, CLASIFICANDO A TODOS LOS ACTORES Y ASIGNÁNDOLES SUS RESPECTIVAS ÁREAS DE COMPETENZA.LA PISO
Galaxy: gut-and-liver axis in alcoholic liver fibrosis

Alcohol overuse is an important societal challenge with annual healthcare costs of over €22 billion in Europe. Alcohol is the main cause of liver cirrhosis, which is the 5th and 7th most common cause of life years lost in respectively Eastern and Western Europe. Cirrhosis is considered irreversible but its precursor, liver fibrosis, is reversible when detected before disease progression. GALAXY proposes that crosstalk between the gut microbiome and the liver influences the development and progression of alcoholic liver fibrosis. Here, a ‘dysbiotic’ microbiome in susceptible individuals leads to progressive liver fibrosis in combination with alcohol overuse. Therefore, interventions aiming to restore a healthy gut microbiome will reduce disease development. We will use state-of-the-art systems medicine tools to improve understanding of the complex interplay present during alcoholic liver fibrosis, to identify at-risk individuals in time and to develop personalised healthcare strategies for alcohol over-users (20% of the EU population >15 years old). GALAXY brings together partners with unique research competences in clinical hepatology, microbiome, multi-omics, biomarkers and bioinformatics. Our aim is to develop novel systems medicine tools which integrate clinical, multi-omics and lifestyle information from alcohol over-users at various stages of the disease and healthy individuals in order to: 1) identify signatures of host-microbial cross-talk during disease development and progression, 2) translate this into biomarkers for diagnosis, stratification and treatment monitoring in alcohol over users, and 3) evaluate new interventions to modulate gut microbiota towards prevention and mitigation of the disease in at-risk individuals. We will also study societal and economic impact of GALAXY biomarkers and treatments to accelerate future development. The GALAXY consortium includes strong SME partners who will enable the results to be exploited commercially.
Chinese Character and English Word processing in children's ventral occipitotemporal cortex: fMRI evidence for script invariance

Learning to read is thought to involve the recruitment of left hemisphere ventral occipitotemporal cortex (OTC) by a process of "neuronal recycling", whereby object processing mechanisms are co-opted for reading. Under the same theoretical framework, it has been proposed that the visual word form area (VWFA) within OTC processes orthographic stimuli independent of culture and writing systems, suggesting that it is universally involved in written language. However, this "script invariance" has yet to be demonstrated in monolingual readers of two different writing systems studied under the same experimental conditions. Here, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined activity in response to English Words and Chinese Characters in 1st graders in the United States and China, respectively. We examined each group separately and found the readers of English as well as the readers of Chinese to activate the left ventral OTC for their respective native writing systems (using both a whole-brain and a bilateral OTC-restricted analysis). Critically, a conjunction analysis of the two groups revealed significant overlap between them for native writing system processing, located in the VWFA and therefore supporting the hypothesis of script invariance. In the second part of the study, we further examined the left OTC region responsive to each group's native writing system and found that it responded equally to Object stimuli (line drawings) in the Chinese-reading children. In English-reading children, the OTC responded much more to Objects than to English Words. Together, these results support the script invariant role of the VWFA and also support the idea that the areas recruited for character or word processing are rooted in object processing mechanisms of the left OTC.
¿Cuánto contribuye la economía azul a una región? Una aproximación metodológica aplicada a la economía de Cataluña

ResumenEste trabajo tiene por objetivo realizar una aproximación metodológica al dimensionamiento de la economía azul (concepto que integra los sectores económicos relacionados con el mar y con el medio costero) en el PIB y en la ocupación de una región.Para ello se ha utilizado como base la metodología implementada en el "EU Blue Economy Report 2019", publicado por la Comisión Europea, pero desarrollando las adaptaciones necesarias a un contexto regional.El análisis se ha focalizado en la región de Cataluña para el año 2017.Combinando diferentes fuentes estadísticas y métodos de ponderación, el análisis ha permitido dimensionar la aportación económica de los sectores ligados al mar y al medio costero en un 3,4% del PIB (7.295,4 millones de euros) y en un 5,9% de la ocupación total (215.364personas).Aun teniendo en cuenta las especificidades de la economía catalana, este trabajo puede servir de referencia para otros esfuerzos regionales de medición de la economía azul.
Surgical Management of Pancreatic Cancer—Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Pancreaticoduodenectomy, the Whipple resection, is a complex operation that is commonly performed for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and other malignant or benign lesions in the head of the pancreas. It can be done with low morbidity and mortality rates, particularly when performed at high-volume hospitals and by high-volume surgeons. While it has been conventionally reserved for patients with early-stage malignant disease, it is being used increasingly for patients with locally extensive tumors who have undergone neoadjuvant therapy and downstaging. This article summarizes the role of pancreaticoduodenectomy for the treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer. It highlights the surgical staging of disease, the technical aspects of the operation and perioperative care, and the oncologic outcome.
Cracking the language barrier: coordination, evaluation and resources for european mt research

The European machine translation (MT) research community is experiencing increased pressure for rapid success – from the legal and political frameworks and schedules of the EU, such as the Digital Single Market, but also from the globalising business world. At the same time, the research community has to cope with a striking disproportion between the scope of the challenges and the available resources, especially for translation to and from languages that have only fragmentary or no technological support at all.
CRACKER pushes towards an improvement of MT research in terms of efficiency and effectiveness by implementing the successful example of other disciplines where massively collaborative research on shared resources – guided by interoperability, standardisation, agreed major challenges and comprehensive success metrics – has led to breakthroughs that would have been impossible otherwise. The nucleus of this new research, development, and innovation strategy towards high-quality MT is the group of projects funded through H2020-ICT-17a/b (partly extending to relevant FP7 actions such as QTLeap, LIDER and MLi), that will be supported by CRACKER (ICT-17c) in coordination, evaluation and resources.
In order to achieve its challenging goals efficiently, CRACKER will build upon, consolidate and extend initiatives for collaborative MT research supported by earlier EU-funded actions. These include evaluation campaigns such as the Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation (WMT) and the International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation (IWSLT), the META-SHARE open infrastructure for sharing language resources and technologies with extensions for MT assembled by QTLaunchPad, and open-source tool building and training (MT Marathons). Coordination, communication and outreach to user communities will build upon existing networks and communication infrastructures such as the META-FORUM event series and strong involvement of industrial associations such as GALA and TAUS.
DEVICE FOR FIXING A FITTING PART

The device for fixing a fitting part (4) to a profile(5), the profile comprising at least two walls (8, 12) situated opposite each other, comprises a fixing means (2, 24, 31, 36, 41, 48, 53, 58, 67, 68, 76, 84, 88, 96, 100) which, in the assembled state, fits through one of the two walls (8) and works together with the other wall (12) without penetrating therein.
Formation conditioning process and system

According to the invention, a process and system are disclosed for conditioning an oil or gas formation and the application of the various stimulating fluids to the oil or gas formation. The method consists of drilling from a vertical well hole a horizontal spiralling hole which spirals out into the oil or gas formation and around the vertical well hole. Other embodiments include the drilling of a horizontal inward spiralling well from a vertical well hole that inwardly spirals out into the oil or gas formation from the vertical well hole, and the drilling of a hole from a vertical well hole that spirals out and coils down through an oil or gas formation around the vertical well hole. The application of this process is contingent on the use of my remote control directional drilling system, U.S. Pat. No. 3,811,519, and my flexible drill pipe pending application Ser. No. 465,500, filed Apr. 30, 1974 on related equipment, now abandoned.
Rodenticidal potential of bromadiolone and cholecalciferol in synergism against Bandicota bengalensis

The toxicity of standard doses of the rodenticides cholecalciferol and bromadiolone and different combinations of their use at reduced concentrations were compared against lesser bandicoot rats, Bandicota bengalensis. Mature and healthy B. bengalensis were live trapped, acclimatized, weighed and divided into groups. Cereal based baits of standard doses of cholecalciferol (0.075%) and bromadiolone (0.005%) and four combinations at lower than standard concentrations were fed to different groups of rats for 3 days in no-choice feeding tests. Rats of the control group were fed on plain food. Whole blood of treated and untreated rats was collected before treatment and 48 h of treatment to determine changes in levels of calcium and phosphorous and clotting time. 100% mortality of rats was caused at all the treatments with in 3–6 days. Acceptance of treatment baits over plain food was found to vary from 62 to 92%. A significant increase in serum levels of calcium (P ≤ 0.05) and phosphorous (P ≤ 0.05) was recorded after 48 h of treatment in groups of rats fed on bait containing the standard dose of cholecalciferol as well as the four combination baits. In groups of rats fed on the standard dose of bromadiolone as well as the four combinations, a significant increase in blood clotting time after 48 h of treatment as revealed by the increase in prothrombin time (P ≤ 0.05) and international normalized ratio (P ≤ 0.05) was observed. The consumption of treatment bait on day 3 of treatment was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) less from that consumed on days 1 and 2 of treatment. Present studies suggest the bait combination having lowest concentrations of bromadiolone (0.001%) and cholecalciferol (0.005%) to be cost effective for population management of B. bengalensis.