SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
GRAND DESIGN AND FLOCCULENT SPIRALS IN THE<i>SPITZER</i>SURVEY OF STELLAR STRUCTURE IN GALAXIES (S<sup>4</sup>G)

Spiral arm properties of 46 galaxies in the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S4G) were measured at 3.6mu, where extinction is small and the old stars dominate. The sample includes flocculent, multiple arm, and grand design types with a wide range of Hubble and bar types. We find that most optically flocculent galaxies are also flocculent in the mid-IR because of star formation uncorrelated with stellar density waves, whereas multiple arm and grand design galaxies have underlying stellar waves. Arm-interarm contrasts increase from flocculent to multiple arm to grand design galaxies and with later Hubble types. Structure can be traced further out in the disk than in previous surveys. Some spirals peak at mid-radius while others continuously rise or fall, depending on Hubble and bar type. We find evidence for regular and symmetric modulations of the arm strength in NGC 4321. Bars tend to be long, high amplitude, and flat-profiled in early type spirals, with arm contrasts that decrease with radius beyond the end of the bar, and they tend to be short, low amplitude, and exponential-profiled in late Hubble types, with arm contrasts that are constant or increase with radius. Longer bars tend to have larger amplitudes and stronger arms.
Better safe than sorry? identifying causes of overprotective parenting in a changing social world

Popular and scientific accounts describe how the phenomenon of overprotective parenting (also labeled “helicopter parenting” or “overparenting”) is on the rise. This evolution is highly problematic, as it puts future generations of adolescents and parents at risk for mental health problems, including anxiety and depression. Although past research offered some insights into the causes of overprotection, thereby identifying a number of parent-related and child-related determinants, there is no systematic research on the societal, economic, and cultural causes of overprotective parenting.
By bringing together theories from multiple disciplines (including developmental psychology, social psychology, sociology, economics, and gender studies), the aim of this project is to test whether overprotection is rooted in parents’ context-related representations, such as their perceptions of societal expectations about how parents ought to raise children. Second, I will examine whether specific characteristic of their cultural context shape these representations and intensify their tendency to engage in overprotective parenting. Third, I aim to identify parental risk and resilience factors, which explain why some parents are either vulnerable or immune to these socio-cultural pressures. To address these research goals, I will adopt a multi-method approach, relying on longitudinal, experimental, observational and cross-cultural research.
The present project has the potential to generate a paradigm shift in the study of overprotective parenting, and in the field of developmental psychology more generally, by highlighting the fundamental importance of considering the complexities related to the socio-economic and cultural context in which parent-child interactions take place. Further, findings may be highly informative for policy-makers and practitioners, and, accordingly, may help to better equip parents for facing the challenges of parenthood in a complex and changing social world.
Observatory Network to Enhance ICT Structural Funds Absorption

ONE aims at improving the regional capacity of planning ICT investments under Coeshion Policy Programmes through the setting up of a Federated network of regional ICT observatories in Poland, Germany, Italy, Czech Republic, UK, France and Cyprus. Capacity to plan, assess and manage investments in the field of ICT represents a crucial aspect of Innovation policy activity as accessibility, both in terms of access to ICT infrastructure and services is a precondition for better exploiting the innovative potentials of its regions, taking into account specific needs of disadvantaged and rural areas. 
The specific objectives of ONE are therefore: to transfer existing ICT observatory models to regions that have already recognised the need of such a decision support tool organisation towards a better ICT policy planning; to further exploit ICT observatories, enabling common strategies/methodologies in a coordinated way;
to promote the community created through ONE to raise awareness in other EU regions about the importance of better tailor ICT interventions towards specific regional needs, thus enhancing absorption rate of ICT funds. 
ONE goals can only be implemented with INTERREG IV C support, encouraging different regions and innovation stakeholders to implement common strategies to enhance framework conditions of the cooperation space, by making most advanced regions/organisations and less developed regions analyse, share and set up coordinated mechanisms.
ONE partners have been choosen accordingly: all have a strong interest in the project topics and committed to undertake considerable regional and transnational actions to develop, exploit and federate ICT regional observatories, with a balanced coverage of EU geographical territory both at country level (Italy, Germany, Poland, Czech rep., Cyprus, UK, France) and at regional level (6 from old MS, 4 from new MS).
Moreover a network of EU regions focused on Information Society completes the team, as it will help in covering in a more effective way EU territory.
Main projecty activities include an intensive and extensive know how transfer among partners and extrapartnership actors, the drawing up of an ICT Observatory methodology based on the transfer process.
Those activities will produce tangible outputs: 
a Community of interested regions to be federated in the future, and a Methodology set of guidelines on how to develop and exploit ICT observatories to reach an optimal investment planning of resorces dedicated to ICT, as well as 9 implementation plans providing a roadmap for the integration of the expertise acquired during the project lifetime.
All the outputs will result in an improved regional ability to plan investments, implement projects and exploit resources, real and effective innovation of regional territories including PAs, businesse and citizens.
METHOD OF INCREASING ADSORPTION IN BIOCHAR BY CONTROLLED OXIDATION

Methods of improving the adsorption capacity of biochar (14). Initial biochar (14) is charged in a closed vessel (12). The biochar (14) is then exposed to a processing temperature and oxygen level below that of vapor space luminous combustion, and at the same time the oxygen level in a vapor space surrounding the biochar (14) is controlled, so as to promote oxidation reactions that generate additional heat. The biochar (14) is held at the processing temperature by removal of heat by conduction through the vessel (12) walls, uptake of specific heat by solids and vapors in the vessel (12), and the endothermic requirements of converting any biomass present in the vessel 12 into char.
Lighting up the dark - the evolution of dust throughout cosmic time

After more than two decades of infrared astronomy, we still know very little about the origin and evolution of cosmic dust in galaxies, responsible for obscuring half of all starlight since the Big Bang. This obscured starlight is re-radiated in a region of the electromagnetic spectrum that is still relatively unexplored. Herschel provides a unique opportunity to resolve this by revealing the 90% of dust too cold to be detected before, yet only a tiny fraction of the largest survey of the sky carried out with Herschel has been exploited.
 
This project aims to unravel the dust and gas content of galaxies in the local universe and over cosmic time.  I will produce the first statistical census of dust in galaxies, pushing out to earlier cosmic epochs than previously possible. This also provides us with an opportunity to detect unusual objects not seen in other surveys, including a population of extremely dusty galaxies found in Herschel with blue optical colours and very different properties to more evolved spirals typical of the Milky Way.  I will use our multi-wavelength data to investigate the emissivity, gas and star formation conditions on resolved spatial scales.  Our Herschel data will also expose the role of environment in the interstellar content of early-type and spiral galaxies.
 
I propose a novel approach to resolve the controversy of whether dust forms in exploding stars using polarized light. This could have implications for the detection of polarized signals in the relic radiation from the Big Bang, currently attributed to primordial gravitational waves.  Our polarized dust maps of nearby supernova will reveal whether this could be a major contaminant to cosmological signals.
 
This project is timely due to the availability of final Herschel data products and new facilities in 2015-16 in combination with tools and techniques that we have tried and tested.  This ERC award will provide me with the resources to continue to lead this emerging field.
Prevention and Management of Sea Originated Risks to the Coastal Zone

The project CORI aims at providing tools to intercept and manage sea-originated threats to the coastal zone. The project is comprised of: • Identification and mapping of tsunami and other extreme sea level hazards for Eastern Mediterranean coasts. Actions for public education and awareness for responsive actions. • Development of tools and methodologies for managing and minimizing the impact of coastal pollution events (due to oil spills and other sources). • Development and application of a pilot plan for coastal prevention and response to accidental marine pollution events. The Eastern Mediterranean Sea, characterized by the highest earthquake potential of Europe, has repeatedly been hit by tsunamis, as the instrumental, historical and geological records reveal. Lately the tsunami-related threat is more ominous than before due to the rise of tourism and population concentration in coastal areas. Other emerging threats to coastal communities include chemical, microbial and even radioactive pollution, while the frequency and size of extreme sea-level events is expected to rise in the future, possibly causing sea-originated floods. The project aims to provide tools and methodologies to intercept and/or manage a number of sea-originated threats to the coastal zone and to increase the security of coastal regions against the above-mentioned threats. More specifically, the objective of the project is to develop long term planning and immediate response measures for the monitoring, interception and management of sea originated threats related to a. Tsunamis b. Extreme sea-level variability c. Marine pollution caused by episodic events.
Management of Supply Chain: X-to-order Concepts vs Make-to-stock Model

In a challenging market, companies’ ability to act faster is considered a basic advantage. From a value chain aspect, when a company cannot change its internal production processes and the external supply streams according to the demand requirements, this may lead to sales reduction or stock left-overs. X-to-order concepts [where X=Α(ssemble), Μ(ake)/Β(uilt) and E(ngineer)], are key types of supply chain planning, where the production process starts after the orders are placed. Those methods have caught the attention of both researchers and businesses because of the advantages they offer in business procedures and the customization of consumers needs. The aim of this paper is to present the framework of supply chain management of the X-to-order concepts in comparison to the make-to-stock model and depict the main differences between these two approaches.
Zn and Sr incorporated 64S bioglasses: Material characterization, in-vitro bioactivity and mesenchymal stem cell responses

Essential element like Zn or Sr is known to play an important role in bone remodeling process. In this study, we have used the sol-gel process to synthesize the Zn (2%) and Sr (5%) doped 64S bioglasses (BGs, 64SiO2-5P2O5-31CaO, mol.%), alone and co-doped. The synthesized glasses were characterized by XRD, FTIR and STEM. For biological evaluation, the effects of Zn and Sr incorporation on the in vitro bioactivity of the synthesized BGs were studied using the simulated body fluid (SBF) soaking. The proliferation and differentiation (ALP, OCN) of rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on these BGs were studied using CCK-8 and ELISA analyses. The results indicated that Zn had been uniformly incorporated into the bioglass, and demonstrated a stimulating effect on apatite-like layer formation, MSC proliferation and differentiation. On the other hand, most of Sr appeared to form a secondary crystal phase with extremely high solubility in SBF, showing an enhancing effect only in MSC differentiation but not in proliferation, as well as an inhibitory effect on apatite-like layer formation. The different dissolution behaviors of Sr and Zn ions seemed to have a strong correlation with the different apatite-like layer formation capabilities and the cellular responses of Zn and Sr containing BGs.
China, law, and development

The world is in the midst of a sea change in approaches to development. The rise of nationalist politics in the U.S., U.K. and Europe have questioned commitments to global governance at the same time that China has emerged as a champion of globalization, a turn of geo-political events that would have been unfathomable ten years ago. Through its own multi-lateral institutions, China is setting a new agenda for development from Europe to Oceania. China’s approach differs from Anglo/Euro/American approaches to “law and development” (LD). Whereas LD orthodoxy has sought to improve legal institutions in poor states, Chinese do not foster rule of law abroad. Instead, Chinese view law as one set of rules, among others, to facilitate economic transactions and not to foster democratization. This distinction has sparked a global debate about the so-called “China model” as an alternative to LD. Yet there is little empirical data with which to assess the means and ends of China’s expanded footprint, a question with long-term implications for much of the developing world. This project addresses that problem by proposing that even if Chinese cross-border development does not operate through transparent rules, it nonetheless has its own notion of order. The project adopts a multi-sited, mixed method, and interdisciplinary approach—at the intersection of comparative law, developmental studies, and legal anthropology—to understand the nature of China’s order. The project has two objectives:
1. To establish the conceptual bases for the study of China’s approach to law and development by developing the first systematic study of the impacts of Chinese investment on the legal systems of developing economies.
2. To experiment with a comparative research design to theorize how China’s approach suggests a type of order that extends through a conjuncture of regional and local processes and manifests itself differently in diverse contexts.
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Failure With a Multiple Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Clade C Virus in Brazil

Diaz, Ricardo S. MD, PhD; Grangeiro, Alexandre MD; Estevam, Denize L. MD; Galinskas, Juliana MSc; Dias, Danilo MSc; Schechter, Mauro MD, PhD Author Information
An Objective Method and a Device for Determining the End Point of Cooking ofDhaland Rice

An objective method was developed to measure end point of cooking of dhals (green gram, horse gram, red gram, lentil) and rice (raw, parboiled) using a pressing device based on spread area ratio (SAR). Rice had higher SAR (7.5–15.4 mm2) than dhals (2.1–5.3 mm2). A steady value or change in slope of the curve (period of cooking vs. SAR) indicated the cooking time (CT) which corresponded to 20, 42, 17.8, 31 min (dhals) and 18.6, 18.5, 27.5 min (rice), respectively. This method corroborated well (r = −0.798 to −0.992 (dhals) and −0.632 to −0.698 (rice)) with data generated by Universal Testing Machine (UTM).
Thermoresponsive injectable hydrogel for three-dimensional cell culture: chondroitin sulfate bioconjugated with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) synthesized by RAFT polymerization

A major challenge in in vitrocell delivery is to provide an optimum environment that mimics natural conditions to maintain correct cellular functions. To address this challenge, we present a biohybrid injectable hydrogel based on chondroitin sulfate (ChS) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm). PNIPAAm was synthesized at various molecular weights between 5 to 20 kDa by RAFT polymerization in the presence of S-1-dodecyl-S′-(α, α′-dimethyl-α′′-acetic acid) trithiocarbonate as a chain transfer agent. The molecular weight range suitable for renal clearance was an important factor in the experimental design. The phase transition behavior and the gelation time of the hydrogel were measured to evaluate its possibility for further clinical application. Furthermore, hydrogel degradation was also a concern for clinical application. Samples were incubated in PBS with 100 U/ml of hyaluronidase at 37 °C to determine their degradation behaviors and the results revealed that the hydrogel was biodegradable in physiological conditions. To evaluate the biocompatibility for potential use of the hydrogel as a cell delivery vehicle, in vitro two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) cell cultures were performed. Cells demonstrated excellent viability when cultured with the hydrogel. In addition, the arrangement of multiple cell layers in the hydrogel was achieved. These results indicate the thermoresponsive injectable hydrogel may be expected to have wide potential applications as a vehicle for the delivery of therapeutic cells.
Operating a network of integrated observatory systems in the mediterranean sea

ODYSSEA will develop, operate and demonstrate an interoperable and cost-effective platform that fully integrates networks of observing and forecasting systems across the Mediterranean basin, addressing both the open sea and the coastal zone. The platform will collect its data from the many databases maintained by agencies, public authorities, and institutions of Mediterranean EU and non-EU countries, integrating existing earth observation facilities and networks in the Mediterranean Sea building on key initiatives such as Copernicus, GEOSS, GOOS, EMODNet, ESFRI, Lifewatch, Med-OBIS, GBIF, AquaMaps, Marine IBA e-atlas, MAPAMED and others with marine and maritime links. Through ODYSSEA’s end-user centred approach, in which the various groups of end-users and stakeholders, within and external to the Consortium, will be involved from Day 1 of the project in the design, development and operation of the platform, including identification of gaps in data collection and accessibility. High priority gaps will be filled through multiple approaches that include developing a network of coastal observatories, deploying novel in-situ sensors at sea (a.o. microplastic sensors), oceanographic modelling and integrating existing mobile apps for citizen scientist networks. Applying advanced algorithms to organise, homogenise and fuse the large quantities of data in common standard type and format as well as other types of formats, the ODYSSEA platform will provide both primary data and on-demand derived data services, including forecasts, from ALL Mediterranean countries through a SINGLE PUBLIC PORTAL to various end-user groups and stakeholders. End-user requirements will drive the creation of secondary data sets which the platform will provide as new and packaged services matching the specialised information needs of users. ODYSSEA will improve accessibility to existing data as well as increase the temporal and geographic coverage of observational data in the Mediterranean.
Ethnobotany of divided generations in the context of centralization

Understanding the logics of obtaining, managing and perceiving of local natural resources, particularly plants, is crucial for ensuring sustainability of human life, as the use of plants is a key for survival of humans. The proposed research will create an advanced understanding of the mechanisms of changes in ethnobotanical knowledge experienced by traditional societies/minor ethnic groups when dominating group try to unify and/or erode this practical knowledge. It will also evaluate the effects of the sudden cease to existence of such centralization and following impact of the trial of revival of discontinued traditional etnobotanical knowledge. Research will evaluate the effect of several social and cultural factors on the evolution of ethnobotanical knowledge of four compact, but divided ethnic minorities that had experienced for shorter (25 years) or longer (70 years) period different influences affecting their plant use and very different social conditions (including welfare and economy). As a long-term outcome, based on the result of present and consequent studies scientists will be able to predict the extent and depth of the changes occurring in the ethnobotanical knowledge and as a applied outcome learn to direct and educate people in the way that the knowledge necessary for sustainable maintenance and utilization of local plant resources will be constantly evolving in the way supporting health and well-being of different populations.
Shunt tube connections for wellscreen assembly

A well screen assembly has a base pipe and one or more screen sections attached to the outer surface of the base pipe. The assembly also has one or more shunt tubes attached to the base pipe via top and bottom rings. The shunt tubes can be attached to the screen sections via B-rings and may be transport tubes or packing tubes. Connections are used for securing a jumper tube to adjoining shunt tubes of adjoining screen sections of the wellscreen assembly, which may be used in open or cased holes. At a well site, the joints of the wellscreens have timed threads so that the various shunt tubes can be aligned with one another along the assembly as the joints are made up. The connections of the present disclosure allow operators to install a jumper tubes between shunt tubes at the joint without needing to tighten fasteners or assembly components.
ROman,ancient greek and amber routes, innovative Methodologies and measures connecting Europe

Historic trade routes are important and visible artefacts signifying the connection of different countries and civilisations. The routes can also act as a gateway to understand the common European history. The ROME project aims at linking important historical, cultural and trade routes of the Romans along the ancient roads with today’s life by promoting tourism and a sustainable cultural development. The project area involves regions from Central and Eastern Europe and is also connected to the project “European Amber Road”. The most important aspect of the project is the use of advanced multimedia and e-learning technologies that allows regions which are located far from one another but united in their cultural heritage to perform common actions and joint efforts to promote their cultural heritage. The project intends to make all levels of society more aware of the value of ancient Roman roads by developing them from merely physical links between the regions to connecting threads of a shared European identity. They will be used as a sample that should demonstrate the value of transnational co-operation. The study and application of innovative technologies to create 3D views of the most important historical and archaeological elements will be used to provide information to the general public and to ensure proper planning and management of transformation work carried out by government authorities.