SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
On the representation of cardinalities of interval-valued fuzzy sets: The valuation property

In the previous work, we developed an axiomatic theory of the scalar cardinality of interval-valued fuzzy sets following Wygralak's axiomatic theory of the scalar cardinality of fuzzy sets. Cardinality was defined as a mapping from the set of interval-valued fuzzy sets with finite support to the set of closed subintervals of [0,+~). We showed that the scalar cardinality of each interval-valued fuzzy set can be characterized using an appropriate mapping called a cardinality pattern. Moreover, we found some basic conditions under which the valuation property, the subadditivity property, the complementarity rule and the Cartesian product rule are satisfied using different cardinality patterns, t-norms, t-conorms and negations on the lattice L^I (the underlying lattice of interval-valued fuzzy set theory). This paper is the first in a series that further investigates the proposed theory, providing a description of cardinality patterns, t-norms, t-conorms and negations satisfying the properties mentioned above. This paper focuses on the valuation property.
A review of biodiesel production by integrated reactive separation technologies

Biodiesel is a biodegradable and renewable fuel, emerging as a viable alternative to petroleum diesel. Conventional biodiesel processes still suffer from problems associated with the use of homogeneous catalysts and the limitations imposed by the chemical reaction equilibrium, thus leading to severe economic and environmental penalties. This work provides a detailed reviewillustrated with relevant examplesof novel reactive separation technologies used in biodiesel production: reactive distillation/absorption/extraction, and membrane reactors. Reactive separation offers new and exciting opportunities for manufacturing the fatty acid alkyl esters involved in the industrial production of biodiesel and specialty chemicals. The integration of reaction and separation into one operating unit overcomes equilibrium limitations and provides major benefits such as low capital investment and operating costs. These reactive separation processes can be further enhanced by heat-integration and powered by heterogeneous catalysts, to eliminate all conventional catalyst related operations, using efficiently the raw materials and the reaction volume, while offering higher conversion and selectivity, as well as significant energy savings compared with conventional biodiesel processes. Remarkable, in spite of the high degree of integration, such integrated reactive-separation processes are still very well controllable as illustrated by the included examples. Copyright (c) 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
ROLLING EQUIPMENT FOR CANTILEVERED MONORAIL VEHICLES

The invention relates to rolling equipment for a vehicle which is cantilevered on a single rail (3) and comprises two carriages (4) bearing the rolling means and the drive means. According to the invention, the cross-section of the rail (3) is generally Z shaped, while each of the carriages (4) of the cab (2) include: a single upper rotatable carrying wheel (10), a single intermediate drive wheel (11) borne by a shaft (16) having an axis that is inclined downwards in relation to the horizontal, and a single lower wheel (12) that rolls freely in the lower cavity (26) and is borne by a shaft (18) inclined upwards in relation to the horizontal, said wheels (10, 11 and 12) being disposed such that the axes of rotation thereof are in the same vertical plane P1, transverse to the rail (3), and the midpoints A, B and C of tangency with the rolling surfaces (21, 27, and 28) of the rail are disposed in the longitudinal median vertical plane P2 of the rail.
Stimulation of the basal and central amygdala in the mustached bat triggers echolocation and agonistic vocalizations within multimodal output

The neural substrate for the perception of vocalizations is relatively well described, but how their timing and specificity are tightly coupled with accompanying physiological changes and context-appropriate behaviors remains unresolved. We hypothesized that temporally integrated vocal and emotive responses, especially the expression of fear, vigilance and aggression, originate within the amygdala. To test this hypothesis, we performed electrical microstimulation at 461 highly restricted loci within the basal and central amygdala in awake mustached bats. At a subset of these sites, high frequency stimulation with weak constant current pulses presented at near-threshold levels triggered vocalization of either echolocation pulses or social calls. At the vast majority of locations, microstimulation produced a constellation of changes in autonomic and somatomotor outputs. These changes included widespread co-activation of significant tachycardia and hyperventilation and/or rhythmic ear pinna movements (PMs). In a few locations, responses were constrained to vocalization and/or PMs despite increases in the intensity of stimulation. The probability of eliciting echolocation pulses vs. social calls decreased in a medial-posterior to anterolateral direction within the centrobasal amygdala. Microinjections of kainic acid (KA) at stimulation sites confirmed the contribution of cellular activity rather than fibers-of-passage in the control of multimodal outputs. The results suggest that localized clusters of neurons may simultaneously modulate the activity of multiple central pattern generators (CPGs) present within the brainstem.
Exploring Soil Bacterial Communities in Different Peanut-Cropping Sequences Using Multiple Molecular Approaches

Soil bacterial communities have significant influence on soilborne plant pathogens and, thus, crop health. The present study focuses on ribotyping soil bacterial communities in different peanut-cropping sequences in Alabama. The objective was to identify changes in microbial assemblages in response to cropping sequences that can play a role in managing soilborne plant pathogens in peanut. Four peanut-cropping sequences were sampled at the Wiregrass Research Station, Headland, AL in 2006 and 2007, including continuous peanut, 4 years of bahiagrass followed by peanut, peanut-cotton, and peanut-corn-cotton. Soil sampling was done at early and mid-season and at harvest. Bacterial community structure was assessed using ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) combined with 16S rRNA cloning and sequencing. RISA results indicated &gt;70% dissimilarities among different cropping sequences. However, 90% similarities were noticed among replicated plots of the same cropping sequences. Cropping sequences and time of soil sampling had considerable effect on soil microbial community structure. Bahiagrass rotation with peanut was found to have the highest bacterial diversity, as indicated by a high Shannon Weaver Diversity index. Overall, higher bacterial diversity was observed with bahiagrass and corn rotations compared with continuous peanut. The bacterial divisions Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinomycetes were the predominant bacterial phyla found in all peanut-cropping sequences. The Proteobacteria taxa in these soils were negatively correlated with the abundance of members of division Firmicutes but, conversely, had a significant positive correlation with Gemmatimonadetes taxa. The prevalence of the division Actinomycetes was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of members of division Verrucomicrobia. These results indicate complex interactions among soil bacteria that are important contributors to crop health.
Relative role of reproductive isolating barriers during speciation

Understanding the appearance of reproductive isolation is essential for understanding mechanisms underlying the origin of species. This project aims at understanding the relative importance of different isolating barriers during adaptive speciation by looking at patterns of genomic divergence. I will use numerical modelling, analysis of RNAseq data from several biotypes (incipient species) of a model organism (pea aphid), and will perform mating experiments to address four research questions:
(1) Which patterns of genomic divergence arise when different isolation barriers apply? 
(2) Which patterns of genomic divergence do pea aphids show? 
(3) Do pea aphids biotypes have behavioural mate choice?
(4) Which reproductive barriers are needed for the completion of speciation in hybridizing biotypes?
Successful implementation of this project will improve my career perspectives, because it's training objectives were chosen to guarantee addressing skills gaps, diversifying experience and strengthening existing skills. European Research and Society will also benefit from results of this project, both though academic and economic pathways.
Experimental studies of heat transfer at the dynamic magma ice/water interface: Application to subglacially emplaced lava

Experiments simulating processes operating in volcano-ice interactions were carried out to explain and quantify lava thermal properties and processes of heat transfer from pure lava melt to water and ice and from hot crystalline lava to water. The samples used (70–200 g) were obtained from an intermediate lava flow (benmoreite-trachyte) that was emplaced under and within the outlet glacier Gigjokull in the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajokull. Experiments involved settings with direct contact between ice and lava, and settings where melt and ice were separated by a few centimeters. Direct contact involved melt being emplaced on ice and ice placed on melt. The direct contact experiments provided initial heat flux of up to 900 kW m−2 at an initially lava melt surface temperature of 1100°C, declining to <100 kW m−2 at 200–300°C within 1–2 min, while the experiments without melt-ice contact yielded an initial maximum of 100–180 kW m−2 dropping to 50–80 kW m−2 in 2–3 min. In other experiments, where cubes of hot crystalline lava were subjected to forced convection of water at initial temperature of 20–30°C, initial heat fluxes of 400–770 kW m−2 were followed by fast decline to <100 kW m−2 in 15–35 s, the rate depending on cube size. The hot rock experiments provided thermal conductivity values of 1.2–1.7 W m−1K−1 and diffusivity of about 9 × 10−7 m2s−1. Values for heat flux obtained in these experiments are in the same range as those obtained from field observations of the lava emplacement in the Eyjafjallajokull 2010 eruption.
Pattern Of Fractures And Dislocations In A Tertiary Hospital In North – East India

Background : Trauma represents a major epidemic of non-communicable diseases in the present century . The aim of this study was to determine the pattern and epidemiological characteristics of fractures and dislocations presented to Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, India Methods : This was a retrospective review of the hospital charts of all the patients presented to emergency and accident unit of this hospital between November 2008 to October 2010. Data was subjected to simple statistical analysis. Results : There were 4041 cases with fractures and /or dislocations presented during the study period . There were 2612 males and 1429 females. The male to female ratio was 1.82:1. Most common age group involved was fourth decade followed by third decade. Road traffic accidents (RTA) accounted for 62 % of all cases. Upper limb fractures were more common than lower limb fractures. Most common dislocations presented were shoulder dislocation. Conclusion: Most of the causes of fractures and dislocation are preventable. Knowledge of the pattern of fractures and dislocation will be helpful in planning better management in trauma centres.
Secretariat for the international consortium for personalised medicine (icpermed)

The potential of personalised medicine (PM) is to improve prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases by taking into account individuals' genotypes and phenotypes as well as other biomedical, life style and environmental data. However, with some exceptions in cancer and rare diseases, PM has not yet arrived in clinical practice due to fragmentation, undefined legal and regulatory frameworks and its unclear economic value. To overcome these hurdles, ICPerMed was founded to initiate and support communication and exchange on PM research, funding and implementation. ICPerMed provides a platform to identify the requirements for a suitable framework in terms of infrastructures, resources and regulatory procedures to foster the development and implementation of PM. The ICPerMed Secretariat will continue to substantially contribute to the success of ICPerMed by efficiently coordinating all consortium activities. This includes supporting the ICPerMed governance and working groups as well as organising ICPerMed internal meetings and thematic events.  A further important task of the ICPerMed Secretariat will be the implementation of an effective dissemination plan and the assistance in the development of a sustainability strategy. By monitoring ongoing research funding activities and collecting “Best Practice Examples”, the secretariat will provide the basis for evidence informed allocation of research funding and regulatory framework and standard development. The ICPerMed Secretariat will guide the dialogue with relevant stakeholders and initiatives. It will support training measures in PM in order to facilitate implementation of PM into practice. The organisational and logistical support of a secretariat will maximise the unique and long-term impact of ICPerMed by strengthening Europe's leading role in the successful implementation of PM in the global context.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FRACTURE WIDTH MEASUREMENT

A wireline width measuring apparatus and associated method which may be used to measure static and dynamic fracture width in fractures used for energy storage, water injection, or hydrocarbon production. In one embodiment, the method comprises determining a depth of the formation fracture, determining the depth of the bottom of the wellbore, positioning a caliper tool string comprising a caliper apparatus at the bottom of the wellbore, wherein the caliper apparatus is positioned at a depth capable of measuring movement of a window cut into a casing of the wellbore at the depth of the formation fracture, inflating the fracture by injecting a fluid into the fracture, uninflating the fracture by producing the fluid from the fracture, and measuring movement of the window cut into the wellbore while the fracture is inflated and uninflated.
Energising scientific endeavour through science gateways and e-infrastructures in africa

In African Communities of Practice (CoPs), international collaboration and the pursuit of scientific endeavour has faced a major barrier with the lack of access to e-Infrastructures and high performance network infrastructure enjoyed by European counterparts.  With AfricaConnect, the proposed AfricaConnect2 and regional developments, this situation is changing rapidly. In the project Teaming-up for exploiting e-Infrastructures' potential to boost RTDI in Africa (eI4Africa) it has been demonstrated clearly that it is possible to develop e-Infrastructures in Africa.  It has also been demonstrated clearly that, as with the rest of the world, easy to use web portals, or Science Gateways, are needed to help CoPs to easily access e-Infrastructure facilities and through these collaborate with CoPs across the world.  However, a major problem exists:  it is very difficult for non-experts to develop Science Gateways and supporting e-Infrastructures.  Elements of guides and supporting materials exist but these are either written for different audiences or out of date. This present Coordination and Support Action, called Energising Scientific Endeavour through Science Gateways and e-Infrastructures in Africa (Sci-GaIA), therefore proposes to bring together these materials into clearly structured guides and educational documents that can be used to train and support representatives of NRENs, CoPs and, importantly, Universities to develop Science Gateways and other e-Infrastructures services in Africa. Sci-GaIA plans to work with new and emerging CoPs to develop these exciting technologies, to strengthen e-Infrastructure service provision, especially in terms of open access linked data, and to deliver training and dissemination workshops.  This will give a sustainable foundation on which African e-Infrastructures can be developed and be linked to scientific networks across Africa.  Importantly, the results of our project will be usable by CoPs in Europe and the rest of the world.
Development of inovative multi-target drugs for als

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a severe neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of the upper and lower motor neurons (MN), ultimately leading to patient death by respiratory failure. Despite being the most common adult-onset motor neuron disease, the drugs available till now are symptomatic and only extend patients life expectancy a few months without changing the onset of the disease. Recent studies revealed that NF-κB transcription factor is the major regulator of neuroinflammation in ALS. Therefore, inhibitors of NF-κB signalling pathway can be considered key tools for the development of novel therapies for ALS. Additionally, the use of iron chelators have also shown potential to increase ALS survival through the regulation of iron redox activity and by triggering MN cell survival mechanisms through the mild activation of HIF transcriptional factor. In this project we propose an innovative therapeutic solution for ALS based on the design and syntheses of multitarget small-molecules capable to modulate NF-κB activity through inhibition of IKKβ protein and prevent/minimize the iron induced oxidative damage and/or stabilize HIF. The project encompasses the rational design and synthesis of a library of small molecules that will be submitted to an initial cascade of biophysical and chemical assays to evaluate their binding affinity and iron chelation properties. Subsequently ALS cellular models will be used in order to validate target engagement inside cells, as well as, to identify the small-molecules that could protect MN from oxidative-stress and inflation driven apoptosis. At the end of the project it is expected to propose a novel lead compound that will be optimized and its performance evaluated in ALS animal models. This project combines the expertise available in academia and industry to validate a new therapeutic approach for ALS and, provides an exceptional training opportunity to prepare a young researcher for his future career.
A high-level domain-specific language for SIEM (design, development and formal verification)

Organizations deploy security information and event management (SIEM) systems for centralized management of security events. The real-time security monitoring capability of the SIEM depends on the correlation process where events data are matched against the security rules. Most SIEM systems use general purpose languages to define security rules. Creating new rules in general purpose languages require excellent programming skills in the proprietary language and intimate knowledge of events. This paper introduces a high-level domain-specific language (HDSL) which simplifies rule creation for the SIEM system. We formally specify the HDSL with extended Backus–Naur form grammar in another tool for language recognition according to the model driven engineering approach. In our implementation framework, the rules defined in the HDSL are converted in the standard event processing language. For evaluation purpose, the converted security rules are tested on the service real-time data security analytics. The results indicate that the rules are converted accurately and generate alarms when specific attacks are detected. For checking correctness of the HDSL, formal verification is carried out using satisfiability modulo theory and Z3 solver. The results are evaluated under diverse attack scenarios, which reveal that HDSL is functioning correctly. The HDSL enhances the SIEM correlation capabilities by providing a tranquil approach for writing the correlation rules.
FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM ARCHITECTURE

A calculation circuit for calculating a transform of an input sequence may include a plurality of butterfly computation circuits configured to perform a plurality of butterfly computations and to produce a plurality of outputs during each of a plurality of computation stages, a wired routing network configured to route a first plurality of outputs of the plurality of butterfly computation circuits from a first computation stage of the plurality of computation stages as input to the plurality of butterfly computation circuits during a second computation stage of the plurality of computation stages according to a reconfigurable routing configuration, and routing control circuitry configured to modify the reconfigurable routing configuration for a third computation stage of the plurality of computation stages.
Nanotechnology for Chemical Enterprises – how to link scientific knowledge to the business in the Central Europe space

It is worth pointing out that the word "nanotechnology" has become very popular and rightly so as if by rearranging atoms we can produce something completely different, number of possibilities is endless.  Nanotechnology currently underpins many practical applications (medical, Information and communication technologies, energy production, food-water, security, broad range of materials etc..) and has the potential to enhance quality of life and environmental protection, and boost industrial competitiveness.

Even if the knowledge in the field of nanosciences and the industrial application has been gradually increasing over the last 10 to 20 years in Europe, there is the necessity of a larger international cooperation and research’s coordination to overcome disciplinary boundaries, to fill the gap between more and less experienced regions and to turn investments in Research & Development (R&D) in industrial innovations. This is challenge for EU economy and also for the Central Europe regions: indeed, Europe’s main competitors are characterised by coordinated, centralised R&D programmes in nanotechnology and it appears unlikely that the EU, which is characterised by a relatively fragmented nanotechnology landscape, can remain competitive at world-level without better focussing and transnational coordination.

Hence, the general objective of NANOFORCE project is to foster the innovative nanotechnology sector network across Central Europe regions by bringing together public and private organizations (enterprises, research centres, venture capitalists and public institutions) to carry out collaborative & interdisciplinary researches on nanomaterial in the frame of REACH Regulation ( European Union regulation concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation & restriction of Chemicals)  and to turn the most promising laboratory results into innovative industrial applications.
COMMUNICATION CLIMATE : ITS RELATION TO INSTITUTIONAL PRODUCTIVITY

The main purpose of this investigation is to determine the institutional productivity of a higher education institution (HEI) in the Philippines and how this might be influenced by the communication climate. The participants were 180 faculty and employees. This research employed quantitative and qualitative modes of data collection. For the quantitative data, validated researcher-made questionnaires on communication climate and institutional productivity were used. For the qualitative data, the researcher conducted focused group discussion among the participants. Further, documents that support institutional productivity were analyzed. Results of the study revealed that the faculty and employees assessed the institutional productivity positively. As a whole, the communication climate that dominates is neutral. As ascertained in this study, institutional productivity was significantly related with communication climate in school.