SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
European research area on sustainable animal production systems

This proposal seeks funding under the Horizon 2020 Work Programme 2014-2015 to establish an ERA-NET for joint European research coordination on Sustainable Animal Production (SusAn). The scope for this ERA-NET has been developed under the SCAR Collaborative Working Group on Sustainable Animal Production (CWG-SAP). 
Funding organisations from 22 European countries initially seek to support one co-funded call followed by other joint activities including the development of a Common Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda on Sustainable Animal Production. 
The animal production sector forms an important part of Europe’s (agricultural) economy and plays an essential role in the provision of Europe`s citizens with high quality animal products. Like other agriculture sectors, animal production faces many challenges from projected increases in global demand for food, climate change, competition for natural resources and economic volatility. The European animal production landscape is very complex, consisting of different species farmed within a wide range of different extensive, semi-intensive and intensive production systems using multiple resources to produce a diverse range of animal products and other services. Partners in this ERA-NET believe, however, that these challenges and complexities can be effectively addressed through joint European research within a framework which supports the three pillars of sustainability - economy, environment and society - and targets opportunities for innovative research spanning all areas of animal production such as health and welfare, feeding and nutrition, reproduction, breeding and genetics, housing, nutrient management and economics. Partners in ERA-NET SusAn endorse scientific excellence and recommend an integrated, interdisciplinary, cross-cutting and multi-actor approach to research and knowledge exchange which reflects the complexity of the research requirements for sustainable European animal production.
Observed effects of sastrugi on CERES top-of-atmosphere clear-sky reflected shortwave flux over Antarctica

[1] Determining the clear-sky top-of-atmosphere (TOA) albedo over snow from space requires knowledge of the bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), which itself is strongly influenced by the surface roughness of the snow. Sastrugi, a common element of surface roughness on Antarctica, tend to have a preferred azimuth direction, meaning the BRDF depends on the location and time of sampling. In this study we demonstrate that a sastrugi signal is present in the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) reflectance measurements and TOA albedo estimates, leading to a spurious variation in instantaneous albedo as a function of solar azimuth of up to 0.08. By using the difference in flux between oblique and nadir views, we estimate the biases in monthly- and annual-mean 24-hour energy weighted clear-sky reflected TOA fluxes caused by sastrugi over Antarctica. At the grid box level, statistically significant monthly-mean biases of between ±15 Wm−2are found. For the entire Antarctic continent, monthly-mean biases are between 0.2 ± 0.9 Wm−2 to −1.7 ± 1.1 Wm−2 where a negative bias indicates the reflected flux is being underestimated. On an annual basis, the Antarctic bias is between −0.9 ± 1.1 Wm−2 and −1.0 ± 1.1 Wm−2. For the global annual mean clear-sky TOA flux, the bias caused by the presence of sastrugi is insignificant, −0.01 ± 0.02 Wm−2. By examining the anisotropy and the wind direction we infer that the negative TOA flux biases are likely to caused by sastrugi perpendicular to the solar azimuth whereas the positive TOA flux biases are likely to be caused by sastrugi parallel to the solar azimuth.
Intercropping of root crops with chilli in charlands of Mymensingh

Adoption of intercropping may increases crop production instead of declining trend of agricultural land in Bangladesh. Thus, a field experiment on intercropping of root crops with chilli was executed at char area of Dori Bhabkhali in Mymensingh district during October 2014 to March 2015 to find out an appropriate intercrop for cultivation with chilli for higher productivity and maximum economic return. The experiment was consisted with five crop combinations viz., sole chilli, chilli + radish, chilli+ carrot, chilli + onion and chilli + garlic. Significantly the highest yield (green chilli) was obtained with sole chilli (10.26 t ha-1). Among the intercropping treatments, the highest chilli yield (10.31 tha-1) was obtained from chilli + garlic which were close to chilli + onion whereas the lowest (7.71 tha-1) was found in chilli + radish combination. Intercropping reduced 3 to 48 % chilli yield but total productivity as expressed by chilli equivalent yield increased by 80-135% over sole chilli due to the contribution of companion crops. The highest chilli equivalent yield (25.01 t ha-1), gross return (1250500 Tk ha-1), gross margin (1133500 Tk ha-1) and marginal benefit cost ratio (8.56) were obtained from chilli + garlic combination. Considering the experimental findings, chilli + garlic might be suitable combination for higher productivity and economic return.Progressive Agriculture 26 (2): 109-114, 2015
Uncovering the role of the irhom2-adam17 interaction in inflammatory signalling

The primary inflammatory cytokine, TNFalpha, is a transmembrane protein that requires cleavage by the metalloprotease ADAM17 for its release. Aberrant release of TNFalpha is a hallmark of cancer, chronic inflammation and autoimmune syndromes. The rising prevalence of these widespread diseases necessitates new approaches to manipulate inflammatory signalling, which is the overarching goal of this proposal. Recent studies demonstrate that iRhoms regulate trafficking, maturation and stability of ADAM17. Without iRhoms, TNFalpha shedding is abolished. The aim of this research is to dissect the transmembrane interaction between iRhom2 and ADAM17, which will support the required information to design the first iRhom inhibitor. Using FRET spectroscopy and ADAM17 activity assays, I will first search for essential residues at the transmembrane interface between iRhom2 and ADAM17. Next, I will use rationally designed helical peptides to competitively inhibit the transmembrane interaction. Last, I will test the effect of any inhibitors I develop in an in-vivo human macrophage model and use it to study the significance of this interaction. This study will provide an important mechanistic understanding of iRhom biology, with an emphasis on their mode of specific transmembrane recognition. Moreover, by developing the first specific iRhom2-ADAM17 complex inhibitor, I will establish iRhom2 and ADAM17 as therapeutically relevant targets to manipulate inflammation.
A database of experimental biomaterials and their biological effect

The advent of material science and manufacturing techniques in the last century has led to the development of thousands of novel biomaterials, with potential to revolutionise health care. However, the vast majority of biomaterial studies do not progress beyond the stages of design and testing, and therefore a substantial amount of scientific data is only available in the form of research publications. To date, there is no database curating the experimental data generated by testing novel biomaterials in vitro and in vivo, representing a loss of a valuable big (experimental) data. In here, we propose an open-access database of experimental tissue scaffolds, indexing design features, cellular and tissue responses, thus creating an exhaustive inventory of experimental scaffolds. Such a dataset would enable scientists to efficiently search and interpret relevant information from past studies across all tissues and models, as well as create computational tools to predict and optimise cell-material interaction. A comprehensive map of research activity and findings should also make it easier to identify areas where data is missing or lacking. A systematic, up-to-date overview of the field will also be a useful tool for science policy making. The novelty of the project lies not only in the concept of curating data from laboratory evaluation of experimental biomaterials (rather than just approved medical implants), but also in attempting to face the methodological challenge of extracting and structuring information from the heterogeneous and vast field of experimental biomaterials. One of the keys of this interdisciplinary project is crowd-sourcing biomaterial scientists, thus engaging their expertise and understanding their needs, in order to create a comprehensive, relevant and useful tool to enhance research in the field.
Development of full lignin based organic redox flow battery suitable to work in warm environments and heavy multicycle uses.

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are designed to work up temperature of 40ºC, however, discharging the battery generates heat. A cooling system is required to avoid electrolyte degradation or battery malfunction. Cooling requires energy and reduces the battery global efficiency. Moreover, higher temperatures have advantages: low electrolyte viscosity (less pump energy), better electrolyte diffusion in electrode & increase battery power due to increase electron mobility.
BALIHT project aims to develop a new organic redox flow battery suitable to work up to temperatures of 80ºC, with a self-life similar than current organic ones, but with an energy efficiency 20% higher than current RFB since cooling system is not required, less pump energy & high power. 
Redox-active organic molecules with promising prospect in the application of RFBs, benefited from their low cost, vast abundance, and high tunability of both potential and solubility. These organic molecules are more soluble in water, which allows more concentrated electrolyte and increased battery capacity.CMBlu has developed an organic redox flow battery technology that use electrolytes from lignin, thin non-fluorinated membrane, carbon-based electrodes and plastic frames. Lignin is a renewable resource and the largest natural source of aromatic compounds from which efficient electrolytes can be produced.
BALITH concept of organic RFB makes this technology suitable for many applications where the requirements for batteries are more challenging like:
-	Smoothing of non-dispatchable renewable power plants (like solar or wind)
-	Support for Ancillary services
-	High performance electric car recharge points
-	Improvement of grid flexibility and stability (at both transmission and distribution level).
-	Avoid cooling needs in RFB placed in warm countries (between 40º Latitude North & 40º Latitude South).
On the relational complexity of a finite permutation group

The relational complexity $$\rho (X,G)$$?(X,G) of a finite permutation group is the least k for which the group can be viewed as an automorphism group acting naturally on a homogeneous relational system whose relations are k-ary (an explicit permutation group theoretic version of this definition is also given). In the context of primitive permutation groups, the natural questions are (a) rough estimates, or (preferably) precise values for $$\rho $$? in natural cases; and (b) a rough determination of the primitive permutation groups with $$\rho $$? either very small (bounded) or very large (much larger than the logarithm of the degree). The rough version of (a) is relevant to (b). Our main result is an explicit characterization of the binary ($$\rho =2$$?=2) primitive affine permutation groups. We also compute the precise relational complexity of $${{\mathrm{Alt}}}_n$$Altn acting on k-sets, correcting (Cherlin in Sporadic homogeneous structures. In: The Gelfand Mathematical Seminars, 1996---1999, pp. 15---48, Birkhauser 2000, Example 5).
Identification of a metalloproteinase-17-mediated cellular signalling circuit in intestinal regeneration and tumorigenesis

The digestive tract has been assigned important but complex tasks. It provides our body with nutrients and water. It gets rid of pathogens while allowing the commensal flora to thrive, and it quickly repairs injuries caused by the constant mechanical and biological stress. Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells (ISCs) play a crucial role in these processes, but when ISCs are lost due to injury, differentiating cells must ‘de-differentiate’ into ISCs to regain the stem cell pool. The cellular signalling processes that control these repair processes are still largely unknown. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes capable of cleaving both matrix and non-matrix proteins. My preliminary data identifies Mmp17 as a crucial regulator of inflammation-induced intestinal regeneration. Notably, Mmp17 is only expressed in a subpopulation of visceral smooth muscle cells, and thus is absent from the epithelium. I hypothesize that Mmp17+ cells provide essential niche factors for repair. In addition, I propose that Mmp17 plays an important role in tumorigenesis. First, I will test the role of Mmp17 in intestinal regeneration after whole-body irradiation. My in vivo studies will be supported by an original ex vivo co-culture model, where I combine organoids and muscle cells. Next, I will test the role of Mmp17 in an established tumorigenesis model. Finally, I will attempt to identify the responsible substrate that mediates these processes, both by unbiased mass spectrometry experiments, and by focusing on likely candidates. This work will reveal a new role for muscle cells in the repair of the intestinal epithelium, and may have important implications for treating inflammation, infections and gastrointestinal cancers. MetalloGutRepair thus combines my expertise in smooth muscle cells with that of the host lab in intestinal disease models, in a research environment where I will reach my immediate goals while developing crucial skills for my long-term career as an independent researcher.
Biografia e trajetória de uma elite judicial

Quem são os profissionais atuantes na temática anticorrupção? A partir de uma base de dados de entrevistas com advogados, juízes e procuradores experientes em casos de corrupção no Brasil desde a redemocratização, aplicamos o método prosopográfico para descrever as dimensões social, educacional e ocupacional do grupo. Nossos resultados mostram que o volume de investimentos em ensino supera o de outras carreiras legais fora da especialidade penal econômica, que as universidades públicas continuam sendo as prediletas dessa elite jurídica, e que passagens pelo exterior são tão frequentes quanto a pós-graduação em escolas locais. Para auxiliar a agenda de pesquisa sobre Direito e Sociedade, bem como Direito e Política, investigamos as diferentes colorações de profissionais ocorridas no banco.
Overview of End Cretaceous Extinctions☆

Although the end-Cretaceous extinction event goes by a variety of names in both the technical and popular literature (e.g., Cretaceous–Tertiary (K–T) mass extinction, K–T boundary extinction, Cretaceous–Paleocene (K–Pg) mass extinction, Cretaceous–Palaeogene (K–Pg) extinction), it is most closely associated with the uppermost Cretaceous System/Stage – the Maastrichtian – and, to a lesser extent, the lowermost Palaeogene Epoch/Age – the Danian. As such, any review of effects and causes that may (or may not) have occurred during this episode of Earth history must begin with a review of the stratigraphy of these two intervals, not only because this provides the temporal, environmental, geographic, and tectonic context within which the extinction event must be understood, but also because the study cause–effect associations in Earth history is, by definition, largely a stratigraphic exercise.
Proton transport and proton-coupled transport

Secure, competitive, and sustainable energy production is a major challenge facing human societies. Biomimetic solutions such as the development of new biofuel cells are hampered by our thus far incomplete understanding of proton transfer reactions. The same holds for health threats to humanity: Curing diseases like cancer, obesity, chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, requires to pharmacologically interfere - in their molecular details - with yet unresolved proton transfer reactions.
Here we aim at clarifying the molecular reaction mechanism in the confines of interfacial water layers and proteinaceous cavities with 
emphasis on arrangement and mobility of proton relay moieties. Achieving this requires an interdisciplinary, multi-level approach comprising cutting edge technologies like second harmonic imaging, single molecule and time resolved fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy, advanced calculations of proton transfer, bioengineering of membrane channel and transporter containing systems, synthetic design of biomimetic proton channels, solving protein structures and rational drug design.

PROTON will train 15 PhD students, who will acquire a solid state-of-the-art multidisciplinary scientific training in all kinds of proton migration/reaction systems, covering from basic science to industrial applications, thus preparing them to generate new scientific knowledge of the highest impact. In addition, practical training on transferable skills will increase their employability and qualify them for responsible positions in private and public sectors. Cross-disciplinary strategies and close collaboration with industry will enable them to resolve the molecular details of proton driven processes in all kinds of settings - enabling the improvement of biomimetic applications – up to fuel cells - and to identify lead substances which may serve to pharmacologically interfere with proton transport through membrane channels and transporters.
Urban-Rural Systems in Asia: A Research Agenda

These brief notes outline a research agenda for hybrid urban-rural regions in Asia. It emerges from work being undertaken by the Urban-Rural Systems team at the ETH Zurich’s Future Cities Laboratory in Singapore. All cities have their hinterlands of one kind or another. We are interested in the hinterlands of cities surrounded by tropical, wet-rice agriculture. Such hinterlands are typical of many parts of Asia, and they have very specific ecological, economic and demographic characteristics, which mean they interact with nearby urban centres in distinctive ways. Most notably, wet-rice agriculture supports relatively high population densities with fine-grained plot patterns. When urbanisation processes interact with such areas, the rural does not immediately give way to the urban and instead a hybrid rural-urban typology emerges. Sometimes dubbed desakota landscapes (Indonesian for ‘village’ and ‘city’), they are neither strictly urban nor rural in character, but a mixture of both.
Bicycle helmets – A case of risk compensation?

Several studies have shown that bicycle helmets have the potential of reducing injuries from accidents. Yet, no studies have found good evidence of an injury reducing effect in countries that have introduced bicycle helmet legislation. Two of the most promising explanations for why helmet laws do not work as intended are risk compensation and shifts in the cycle population as a response to the law. The present article investigates whether the lack of effect of helmet wearing laws is due to risk compensation mechanisms or population shifts (i.e. discouraging cyclists with the lowest accident risk, and thereby increasing the overall average risk per cyclist). A random sample of 1504 bicycle owners in Norway responded to a questionnaire on among other things helmet use, bicycle equipment use, accident involvement, cycling behaviour and risk perception. Data were analysed by using structural equation model (SEM). The results show that the cyclist population in Norway can be divided into two sub-populations: one speed-happy group that cycle fast and have lots of cycle equipment including helmets, and one traditional kind of cyclist without much equipment, cycling slowly. With all the limitations that have to be placed on a cross sectional study such as this, the results indicate that at least part of the reason why helmet laws do not appear to be beneficial is that they disproportionately discourage the safest cyclists.
ADDITIVE FOR INCLUSION IN A HEAVY OIL RESERVOIR UNDERGOING STEAM INJECTION

"ADDITIVE FOR INCLUSION IN A HEAVY OIL RESERVOIR UNDERGOING STEAM INJECTION" The viscosity of heavy oil may be incrementally reduced over what can be achieved by steam alone, by introducing an aqueous metal salt solution into a reservoir undergoing steam injection. The metal ion is selected from the group consisting of Ti, v, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo and Al. In a preferred feature CO is also introduced as a second additive, with a further oil viscosity reduction being observed with certain of the metal ions.
Abstract 9796: Association of Unrecognized Myocardial Infarctions With Impaired Fasting Glucose in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Background: It has been estimated that approximately 25% of initial myocardial infarctions (MI) are unrecognized (UMI). The prognostic implications of UMI’s have been shown to be as severe as those of symptomatic MI’s. Risk factors for UMI’s are not well understood. Because diabetes mellitus is known to be a risk factor for UMI, it is reasonable to investigate impaired fasting glucose (IFG) as a candidate risk factor. Additionally, it has recently been estimated that up to one-third of all adult Americans have IFG. Methods: The relationship between IFG and UMI was examined in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA): a cohort of individuals aged 45 to 84 years without clinical cardiovascular disease. At baseline, participants with normal fasting glucose (NFG; n = 4955) and IFG (n=930) underwent a baseline 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Using Minnesota code, an UMI was identified by the presence of pathological Q waves or minor Q waves with ST-T abnormalities. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. Logistic regression was used to adjust for covariates in 2 models. Model 1 adjusted for age, race, gender, and body mass index. Model 2 adjusted for model 1 + systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, anti-hypertensive medication use, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, lipid-lowering medication use, and cigarette use. Results: The sample was 46% male, 41% white, 26% black, 20% Hispanic, and 12% Asian. There were 72 UMIs identified in the normal fasting glucose (NFG) subjects and 30 UMIs among the IFG subjects. The two corresponding prevalences (1.4% vs. 3.2%) resulted in a crude OR for UMI of 2.26 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.47-3.48; p&lt;0.001). With model 1 adjustments, the OR for UMI in IFG compared with NFG was 1.78 (95% CI: 1.12-2.8; p=0.015). With further adjustments in model 2, this relationship remained significant (OR: 1.63 (95% CI: 1.02-2.56); p=0.041). Conclusion: Unrecognized myocardial infarctions by electrocardiogram are associated with impaired fasting glucose in a population without overt cardiovascular disease. Because of the high prevalence of impaired fasting glucose, the implications of this finding may have ramifications for a large proportion of the adult population.