SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Cortical microcircuits: parvalbumin neurons orchestrate stress eating

Stress leads to enhanced food intake and a shift in dietary choices towards more high-caloric and unhealthy food. While this serves an adaptive purpose to replenish energy stores after a physical challenge, in modern society where continuous psychological stressors are present and cheap unhealthy food easily accessible, this leads to an alarming situation where many people overeat. As a consequence, obesity levels are rising with severe consequences for our health. Especially people with an eating disorder, like binge-eating disorder, are vulnerable to this situation. Human and animal studies both point to a critical role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in coordinating stress-induced food intake. The prefrontal cortex is a highly heterogenous structure sending coordinated neuronal output to many brain regions with opposing roles in food regulation. This indicates that these circuits are under tight regulation of local interneurons. However how interneurons coordinate circuits for stress-induced feeding behavior is not known. In this project I aim to understand how Inhibitory interneurons shape output patterns of prefrontal cortical pyramidal neurons in a projection-specific manner to drive stress-induced food intake. To this aim I will use a combination of viral tracing techniques and in vivo electrophysiological recordings of identified PFC interneurons and pyramidal neurons in mice. Moreover I will use chemogenetic approaches to manipulate specific PFC pyramidal neural circuits to understand their role in stress eating responses. This will yield important insight into the circuit mechanisms underlying this maladaptive behavior. Studying how this phenomenon arises at the level of neuronal circuits will provide evidence-based targets for prevention strategies.
Beyond Linear Methods of Data Analysis: Time Series Analysis and Its Applications in Renal Research

Analysis of temporal trends in medicine is needed to understand normal physiology and to study the evolution of disease processes. It is also useful for monitoring response to drugs and interventions, and for accountability and tracking of health care resources. In this review, we discuss what makes time series analysis unique for the purposes of renal research and its limitations. We also introduce nonlinear time series analysis methods and provide examples where these have advantages over linear methods. We review areas where these computational methods have found applications in nephrology ranging from basic physiology to health services research. Some examples include noninvasive assessment of autonomic function in patients with chronic kidney disease, dialysis-dependent renal failure and renal transplantation. Time series models and analysis methods have been utilized in the characterization of mechanisms of renal autoregulation and to identify the interaction between different rhythms of nephron pressure flow regulation. They have also been used in the study of trends in health care delivery. Time series are everywhere in nephrology and analyzing them can lead to valuable knowledge discovery. The study of time trends of vital signs, laboratory parameters and the health status of patients is inherent to our everyday clinical practice, yet formal models and methods for time series analysis are not fully utilized. With this review, we hope to familiarize the reader with these techniques in order to assist in their proper use where appropriate.
Shipyard Block Logistics Simulation Using Process-centric Discrete Event Simulation Method

In recent years, shipyards have conducted various studies to accurately investigate their production capacities and improve the accuracy of their production plans. Nevertheless, frequent delays in schedules inevitably occur at production sites. Simulation-based techniques are used in various fields to solve similar problems, especially those related to predicting loads on facilities and upgrading production planning by considering various constraints. Process-centric simulation modeling techniques are used in shipyards because the shipbuilding process has different characteristics from the general manufacturing process. Conventional resource-oriented modeling techniques are inadequate to construct a simulation model to analyze the logistical behavior of shipyards. In this study, a process-oriented simulation modeling method is applied and improved through the identification and development of additional modules needed to simulate the behavior of shipyard logistics. The core of the simulation is improved using a logistic token that can analyze the physical movement effected by each process. Moreover, such process modeling modules as the geographic information system, the route search module, and the spatial arrangement module are developed and integrated into one solution. 1. Introduction The shipbuilding industry in South Korea was affected by the recent global financial crisis. It has since suffered from a decline in global freight volume that has led to massive losses in all areas of commercial shipping and offshore plants since 2010. The shipbuilding industry in South Korea, especially large shipbuilders, received a large number of orders by competing in the market while reorganizing its business structure around the growth of offshore plants. This move was prompted by the flooding by Chinese shipbuilders of the local market with general merchant vessels (Fig. 1), as well as by prospects for the growing offshore plants' market due to crude oil depletion and high oil prices. However, the industry has suffered astronomical deficits in recent years due to unexpected losses, and the three major shipbuilders in South Korea are experiencing high operating loss and debt-to-equity ratio (Fig. 2), leading to fears of insolvency. Additional losses are expected due to large backlogs in orders for offshore plants.
In situ continuous monitoring of nitrogen with ion-selective electrodes in a constructed wetland receiving treated wastewater: an operating protocol to obtain reliable data

Abstract Constructed wetlands receiving treated wastewater (CWtw) are placed between wastewater treatment plants and receiving water bodies, under the perception that they increase water quality. A better understanding of the CWtw functioning is required to evaluate their real performance. To achieve this, in situ continuous monitoring of nitrate and ammonium concentrations with ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) can provide valuable information. However, this measurement needs precautions to be taken to produce good data quality, especially in areas with high effluent quality requirements. In order to study the functioning of a CWtw instrumented with six ISE probes, we have developed an appropriate methodology for probe management and data processing. It is based on an evaluation of performance in the laboratory and an adapted field protocol for calibration, data treatment and validation. The result is an operating protocol concerning an acceptable cleaning frequency of 2 weeks, a complementary calibration using CWtw water, a drift evaluation and the determination of limits of quantification (1 mgN/L for ammonium and 0.5 mgN/L for nitrate). An example of a 9-month validated dataset confirms that it is fundamental to include the technical limitations of the measuring equipment and set appropriate maintenance and calibration methodologies in order to ensure an accurate interpretation of data.
Influence of the gauge length on the accuracy of long-gauge sensors employed in monitoring of prismatic beams

Depending on the geometric basis of measurement (gauge length), discrete strain sensors used in structural monitoring of civil engineering structures can be considered as short-gauge sensors or long-gauge sensors. Long-gauge sensors measure average strain over the gauge lengths and are used for global monitoring of structures, in particular, those built of inhomogeneous materials. However, the strain distribution along the sensor's gauge length may be nonlinear and the measured average strain value that is commonly attributed to the midpoint of the sensor may be different from the real value of strain at that point. Consequently, excessively long sensors may feature significant errors in measurement. However, short-gauge sensors are more susceptible to other types of measurement error, most notably, error caused by discontinuities (open cracks) distributed in the monitored material. Thus an optimum gauge length is to be found. The error in average strain measurement inherent to the sensor's gauge length introduced by the strain distribution and discontinuities in the monitored material is modelled for the most common applications met in civil engineering practice. The modelling takes into account the geometric properties of the monitored structure and various load cases. Guidelines for the selection of an appropriate gauge length are proposed, and tables for measurement error estimation are presented.
Precedents reconceived: Urban design learning catalysed through data rich 3-D digital models

Design students are increasingly seeking precedent information through web-based digital archives of design cases. Little is known, however, about the use, relative merits or opportunities of digital cases as a knowledge source for design students. This paper uses a study of web-based urban design reference tools to examine new opportunities for using precedents in urban design. The research includes focus groups, content analysis of student work and an auto-ethnography by one of the authors to examine student use of the reference tools in 3 urban design studios in planning and landscape architecture. Students used 3-D digital models of precedents to review, replicate, revise, reshape and recreate elements of urban design in an environment of accelerated learning. ► A web based urban design reference database with 3-D visualizations is presented. ► The use of the database is examined in 3 beginning urban design studios. ► Students review, replicate, revise, reshape and recreate 3D models of precedents. ► Digital 3D models can offset the absence of episodic memory in novice designers.
Influence of mineral dust transport on the chemical composition and physical properties of the Eastern Mediterranean aerosol

Abstract Bulk aerosol samples were collected from three different coastal rural sites located around the Eastern Mediterranean, (i) Erdemli (ER), Turkey, (ii) Heraklion (HR), Crete, Greece, and (iii) Tel Shikmona (TS), Israel, during two distinct mineral dust periods (October, 2007 and April, 2008) in order to explore the temporal and geographical variability in the aerosol chemical composition. Samples were analyzed for trace elements (Al, Fe, Mn, Ca, Cr, Zn, Cu, V, Ni, Cd, Pb) and water-soluble ions (Cl − , NO 3 − , SO 4 2− , C 2 O 4 2− , Na + , NH 4 + , K + , Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ). The dust events were categorized on the basis of Al concentrations >1000 ng m −3 , SKIRON dust forecast model and 3-day back trajectories into three groups namely, Middle East, Mixed and Saharan desert. ER and TS were substantially affected by dust events originating from the Middle East, particularly in October, whilst HR was not influenced by dust transport from the Middle East. Higher AOT values were particularly associated with higher Al concentrations. Contrary to the highest Al concentration: 6300 ng m −3 , TS showed relatively lower AI and AOT. Al concentrations at ER were similar for October and April, whilst OMI-AI and AOT values were ∼2 times higher in April. This might be attributed to the weak sensitivity of the TOMS instrument to absorbing aerosols near the ground and optical difference between Middle East and Saharan desert dusts. The lowest enhancement of anthropogenic aerosol species was observed at HR during dust events (nssSO 4 2− /nssCa 2+  ∼ 0.13). These species were particularly enhanced when mineral dust arrived at sites after passing through populated and industrialized urban areas.
ESCRITOS E TRAVESSIAS: DO BRINQUEDO DE MIRITI AO CÍRIO DE NAZARÉ

Somos sujeitos construídos, em razão da combinação efêmera dos diversos marcadores sócios culturais, imersos na multiplicidade de teia de significados, que atravessa-nos, enredando nossa subjetividade. Nosso objetivo é interpretar as experiências na esfera pública, considerando dois eventos, o Miritifest e o Círio de Nazaré, e seus efeitos na subjetividade de uma mulher artesã-chefe de brinquedo de miriti. O problema de pesquisa situa-se em compreender: Como os eventos culturais afetaram a subjetividade de uma mulher artesã de brinquedo de miriti? A metodologia escolhida foi a etnografia, desenvolvida durante 4 meses, em um ateliê de produção de miriti, no município de Abaetetuba, no estado do Pará. Neste cenário, mergulhamos na história da artesã ao encontro das experiências, dos eventos que subjetivaram, revelando uma trama de aceitação, negociação e resistência, entrelaçada pelos aportes teóricos dos Estudos Culturais e dos Estudos de Gênero, com Canclini (2000), Clifford (1998), Hobsbawm (1984), Louro (2000; 2016), Scott (1995), dentre outros. Os resultados obtidos foram: a artesã atravessa as fronteiras entre o espaço privado e a esfera pública; dilui binarismos, reinventando-a, a partir da experiência com a diferença no interior do ateliê, tensionando a heterossexualidade compulsória; os eventos na esfera pública afetam a subjetividade, transformando seu corpo e mente.
SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF OP/BMP MORPHOGENS AND GDNF/NGF NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS

A synergistic effect of OP/BMP morphogens in combination with GDNF/NGF neurotrophic factors in promoting the survival or growth, or inhibiting the death or degeneration, of mammalian cells, particularly neural cells, which express OP/BMP-activated serine/threonine kinase receptors and GDNF/NGF-activated tyrosine kinase receptors, is disclosed. Also disclosed are new methods for the in vivo and in vitro treatment of such cells, including in vivo treatments for mammals afflicted with, or at imminent risk of, damage or injury to such cells, as well as new pharmaceutical preparations for such in vivo and in vitro treatments.
Guerra e lutto a Milano. Momenti e luoghi dell'elaborazione del trauma 1915-1921

Il saggio prende in esame il processo dell'elaborazione del lutto a Milano tra il 1915 e il 1921. In particolare analizza le liturgie elaborate dalla società e dalle istituzioni di fronte alla morte di massa. Sulla base di varie fonti archivistiche, il saggio ha lo scopo di ricostruire i momenti più importanti e le reti sociali del dolore in una città fondamentale della storia italiana, soprattutto nella transizione epocale tra l'esperienza bellica e il fascismo.
Molecular divergence in a marine animal-microbial symbiosis since the closure of the isthmus of panamá

Recently it has become clear that host-associated microbes play a major role in host adaptive responses to environmental change. To predict future responses, we can explore the past and use geological events, which provide valuable insights into adaptive mechanisms because these events were major drivers of evolution. The formation of the Isthmus of Panamá separated a previous, ancient ocean and all of its marine life into the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. These two oceans have developed into very different habitats. Closely related animal populations that were separated by the Isthmus had to adapt to diverging environmental conditions. Today we find closely related species pairs, i.e., geminate species, that are genetically very similar but live in highly divergent habitats. This provides a powerful study system to explore drivers and processes of speciation, diversification, and adaptation. In this project, I am integrating this knowledge to study the evolution of an animal-microbial symbiosis that was divided into several geminate species pairs by the Isthmus of Panamá. I am going to compare lucinid clam populations (Lucinidae) and their endosymbiotic bacterial chemosymbionts (Candidatus Thiodiazotropha) at the genomic and transcriptomic level. Lucinid clams are an excellent model system in this context because their shells are preserved as fossils and we know that they have existed before the Isthmus closed. Hence, I can calibrate the rates of molecular evolution with the closure of the Isthmus. By studying several populations of hosts and bacterial symbionts, I will be able to use population genetic theory to inform how this symbiosis evolves in response to changing environmental conditions.
Diffuse subretinal fibrosis syndrome with neovascularization in a nine-year-old child: Case report

This study reports the combination of noncontact tonometry and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in mass glaucoma screening in the Lebanese population.This cross-sectional study included Lebanese individuals who participated in a glaucoma screening campaign in March 2018 and March 2019 for World Glaucoma Week. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by noncontact tonometry. Optic nerve head (ONH) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) scans were obtained using SD-OCT. Glaucoma suspects were defined as individuals having an IOP above 21 mmHg in at least one eye and/or RNFL thinning in either the superior or the inferior quadrant.Among the 1116 individuals who were examined, 15.5% were found to be glaucoma suspects based upon their IOP readings, 15.5% based on OCT, and 3.0% based on both criteria combined. The mean vertical and horizontal disc diameter was 1.75 ± 0.23 mm and 1.57 ± 0.22 mm, respectively. Eyes that were suspects by OCT with normal IOP had thinner corneas when compared to eyes with normal OCT and high IOP (512.25 μm vs. 559.12 μm, P < 0.0001).SD-OCT can be an easy and relatively fast component of mass glaucoma screening in addition to IOP measurement. Further studies are needed to establish this combination as a valid glaucoma screening method.Évaluation de la combinaison de la tonométrie à air et de la tomographie par cohérence optique (SD-OCT) pour le dépistage en masse du glaucome dans la population libanaise.Cette étude transversale a inclue des individus qui ont participé à une campagne de dépistage de glaucome en mars 2018 et 2019 durant la semaine mondiale du glaucome. La pression intraoculaire (PIO) a été mesurée par tonométrie à air. La couche des fibres nerveuses rétiniennes (CFNR) a été analysée par SD-OCT. Les glaucomes suspects sont définis par une PIO > 21 mmHg dans au moins un œil et/ou un amincissement de la CFNR dans le quadrant supérieur ou inférieur.Parmi les 1116 individus examinés, 15,5 % étaient glaucomes suspects basé sur la mesure de la PIO, 15,5 % basé sur l’OCT, et 3,0 % basé sur la combinaison des deux critères. La moyenne verticale et horizontale du diamètre du disque était 1,75 ± 0,23 mm et 1,57 ± 0,22 mm, respectivement. Les yeux suspects sur OCT avec une PIO normale avaient des cornées plus fines que les yeux avec un OCT normal et une PIO élevée (512,25 μm vs 559,12 μm, p < 0,0001).La SD-OCT est un examen simple et rapide qui peut être inclue en plus de la mesure de la PIO dans le dépistage du glaucome. Plus d’études doivent être effectuées pour valider cette combinaison d’examens dans le dépistage du glaucome.
First real-time fact-checking tool to fight against the fake news and disinformation

People consume news because they need to be informed about the state-of-the-world and events around them, but 54% of citizens think that there is a serious problem regarding fake news and trust in media has decreased to the lowest-point-ever. It is very difficult for citizens to assess the credibility and veracity of news. On the other hand, citizens’ trust is crucial for news media that look for solutions to fight fake news and increase citizens’ trust. The solution is fact-checking, but fact-checking is a very time-consuming and costly task. 
Newtral is a startup funded in October 2017 with fact-checking as its core business becoming one of the fact-checking pioneers and the leaders in the EU. +40 people currently work in Newtral researching new ways of producing and distributing data-driven journalism in the digital era, being the biggest professional fact-checking team in the EU. Our team is behind the production of ‘El Objetivo’, the first TV-show (+1M weekly live viewers) in the EU to bring fact-checking to a TV format in prime time. 

Newtral is also a leading member of the International Fact Checking Network (IFCN), a community of international fact-checkers (51 members) and the only member with a TV show in prime time. ‘El Objetivo’ has been awarded with the “Best Audiovisual journalist fact-checking projects award” by the IFCN. 

Our ambition is to create a new market by turning professional fact-checking into a scalable and profitable business. Newtral intends to become the gold standard in the fact-checking sector by applying NLP, advance data science methods and AI to the journalism fact-checking work to semi-automate the verification allowing any fact-checking journalist to become a ‘fact-checking centaur’. 
SME Instrument Phase-1 and Phase-2 will be extremely beneficial in helping the company to accelerate development and market expansion of the solution, boosting the company’s growth to +100 employees and 32M€ revenues by 2024.
Soft Measures & Actions for behavioural Change and Knowledge to Embrace peripheral and Rural areas

Peripheral and rural areas suffer disparities in mobility all around Europe. 
SMACKER will address those disparities to fill the gap and to promote public transport and mobility services able to be demand-responsive and to connect local and regional systems to main corridors and transport nodes. SMACKER will assess main barriers and bias and address them by providing solutions that draw on the best international know-how. Soft measures (behaviour change campaigns) and hard measures (mobility service pilots) will be used to identify and promote eco-friendly solutions for public transport in rural and peripheral areas to achieve more liveable and sustainable environments, better integration of the population to main corridors and better services feeding main public transport. SMACKER will help local communities to (re)design transport services according to users’ need (co-design) and to nudge people (residents and incoming) to use them, by providing motivating and incentive giving campaigns. Direct beneficiaries of the actions will be residents, incoming travellers and commuters. SMACKER will address local communities in partners’ area using a comprehensive approach, by scaling local problems to a broader European level and importing solutions and expertise able to find and suggest the most suitable answers for most of the mobility needs. Solutions will address and enhance planning and coordination capacity of partners and local/regional stakeholders. SMACKER will introduce innovations in actions such as for instance nudging, gamification, co-design, branding and information technologies. 
Campaigns and pilots will be aligned with local SUMPs requirements and related KPIs in order to provide a substantial and measurable contribution to strategical objectives. SMACKER will also have a strong focus on transferring lesson learnt and success stories behind its borders, by involving other similar areas and arranging dedicated events and tools for dissemination.
PROJEKTCODE: 16906 – POR MARKEN FESR 2014/2020 ACHSE 8 OS 21 – AKTION 21.1 – INTERVENTION 21.1.1 – UNTERSTÜTZUNG PRODUKTIVER INVESTITIONEN ZUR FREISETZUNG VON WIRTSCHAFTSWACHSTUM UND WETTBEWERBSFÄHIGKEIT DER VOM ERDBEBEN BETROFFENEN GEBIETE

PROJEKTCODE: 16906 – POR MARKEN FESR 2014/2020 ACHSE 8 OS 21 – AKTION 21.1 – INTERVENTION 21.1.1 – UNTERSTÜTZUNG PRODUKTIVER INVESTITIONEN ZUR FREISETZUNG VON WIRTSCHAFTSWACHSTUM UND WETTBEWERBSFÄHIGKEIT DER VOM ERDBEBEN BETROFFENEN GEBIETE