SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
TRADE OPENNESS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: A CAUSALITY TEST IN PANEL PERSPECTIVE

Openness to trade has been one of the primary drivers stimulating growth. The goal of this particular study is to investigate the relationship between trade openness and economic growth in 87 selected countries which includes both Organizations for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and developing countries for 1977–2011 periods. We used two measures of trade openness i.e. the ratio of trade openness (TO) typically spoke by exports plus imports in nominal value divided by GDP (nominal) which is commonly used in the literature, and trade openness in real (RO) which is defined as the sum of imports and exports in US$ relative to GDP in purchasing power parity US$ (real GDP). An empirical studywas conducted to determine the causal relationship between trade openness and growth in a panelperspective. We used a dynamic panel data estimation method i.e. the general method of moments (GMM). The empirical results reveal a bidirectional causal relationship for both developing and OECD countries. Our finding is consistent with the endogenous theory that increased openness leads to higher growth, which thus prompts expanded openness.Keywords: Openness; Economic Growth; Dynamic Panel General Method of Moments (GMM).
Improved Sludge Dewaterability for Sequential Ozonation – Aerobic Treatment

Chemical treatment processes such as ozonation have mostly been considered as an efficient way for bio-solids minimization. The improvement of sludge dewatering was more a welcoming side-effect in these sequential processes. However, sometimes the loaded ozone dose to the sludge has a negative effect on dewaterability. This work address the most important issue found — the effect of ozone on sludge dewaterability in a single ozonation processes as well as in a sequential ozonation biological processes. It was found that the maximum sludge dewaterability was achieved with an ozone dose of 0.05 gO3/gTSS. This value was found to be less than the required ozone dosage that leads to sludge disintegration. However, it was observed that the sequential ozone and aerobic treatment allows further strong improvement of dewatering efficiencies.
AIRBAG FABRIC COATED WITH A POROSITY BLOCKING CROSS-LINKED ELASTOMERIC RESIN

A coated base fabric for use in an automotive airbag is provided. The coated base fabric includes a substrate of woven nylon or polyester which is overcoated with a porosity blocking layer of a cross-linked elastomeric resin. Such a resin may be, without limitation, selected from the group consisting essentially of polyamide, butyl rubber, EPDM, polyurethane, hydrogenated NBR, acrylic rubbers, and mixtures thereof. The porosity blocking layer of polyamide material is present at a coating weight of between about 0.1 and 0.5 ounces per square yard. Furthermore, the resin may be present as either a latex or in solution with an organic solvent or solvents. A method for producing the coated fabric of the present invention is also provided.
Aktuelle Binnenschau der journalistischen Medienwelt

Rezension zu Precht, Richard David und Harald Welzer. 2022. Die Vierte Gewalt. Wie Mehrheitsmeinungen gemacht wird, auch wenn sie keine ist. Frankfurt a.M.: S. Fischer. 22,00 €
MANUFACTURE OF NON-WOVEN ARTICLES

Process for the manufacture of non-woven articles, characterized in that it comprises precipitating a thermoplastic resin on asbestos fibers in dispersion in water, in the presence of 0.3 to 10% relative to the weight of the resin of a reaction product of a polyamide with epichlorohydrin, at a temperature between 40 and 100ºC, prepare an aqueous dispersion containing the coated asbestos fibers such as those obtained in the first stage, together with other fibrous materials; form a sheet by removing the water and then dry this sheet. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
Maternal depression and perceived social support as predictors of cognitive function trajectories during the first 3 years of life for preterm infants in Wisconsin

Among families of infants born preterm, the association between post-natal depression and children's cognitive function is not well understood, but thought to be compromised. The purpose of this study is to investigate maternal depressive symptoms and perceived social support as predictors of children's cognitive function trajectories.This is a longitudinal study of a sample of infants born preterm (less than 37 weeks) in Wisconsin. This study includes 130 infants who were hospitalized in one of three Wisconsin neonatal intensive care units in 2002-2005 and followed until 36 months of age. Maternal depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Social support was measured using the Maternal Support Scale. Children's cognitive function was measured using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 2nd Edition, and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, 5th Edition.Children's cognitive function trajectories declined initially and then increased. Being female (coefficient = 5.14, SE = 1.89) and non-poor (coefficient = 11.26, SE = 5.78), and having a mother who has a graduate degree (coefficient = 7.67, SE = 3.37) was associated with higher levels of cognition initially. Being white was associated with a more optimal cognitive trajectory. Although depression did not predict children's cognitive trajectories, the presence of clinically elevated depressive symptoms at 9 months post term was associated with lower cognitive functioning at 16 months when mothers reported low social support.Post-natal depressive symptoms appear to have a meaningful, dynamic influence on the cognitive outcomes of children born preterm, above and beyond family socio-demographic risk when the presence and timing of perceived social support are considered. Interventions to ameliorate developmental risk associated with preterm birth should include repeated assessments of maternal social support and post-natal depression and be targeted towards socially disadvantaged families.
Analysis of invariants for efficient bounded verification

SAT-based bounded verification of annotated code consists of translating the code together with the annotations to a propositional formula, and analyzing the formula for specification violations using a SAT-solver. If a violation is found, an execution trace exposing the error is exhibited. Code involving linked data structures with intricate invariants is particularly hard to analyze using these techniques.In this article we present TACO, a prototype tool which implements a novel, general and fully automated technique for the SAT-based analysis of JML-annotated Java sequential programs dealing with complex linked data structures. We instrument code analysis with a symmetry-breaking predicate that allows for the parallel, automated computation of tight bounds for Java fields. Experiments show that the translations to propositional formulas require significantly less propositional variables, leading in the experiments we have carried out to an improvement on the efficiency of the analysis of orders of magnitude, compared to the non-instrumented SAT-based analysis. We show that, in some cases, our tool can uncover bugs that cannot be detected by state-of-the-art tools based on SAT-solving, model checking or SMT-solving.
Sociologia à escala individual, psicologias e neurociências

Resumo&#x0D; A tradição sociológica francesa há muito tempo considera o “indivíduo” como uma realidade situada fora de sua área de compreensão e investigação. Segundo Durkheim, o indivíduo é um objeto psicológico por excelência. A sociologia há muito tempo favorece o estudo dos coletivos (grupos, classes, categorias, instituições, microcosmos), sugerindo que o indivíduo era uma realidade que, por si só, ficava aquém do social. O artigo discute um método, a partir de meados da década de 1990, de pesquisar a sociologia em uma escala individual. Essa abordagem está essencialmente inserida na tradição sociológica francesa, de Durkheim a Bourdieu, via Halbwachs, apesar das inflexões e críticas que possam existir nessa tradição, ao mesmo tempo em que ela se baseia no principal conhecimento teórico da sociologia relacional e focada em processos de Norbert Elias. A partir da realização empírica na reflexividade metodológica e teórica, este programa de pesquisa tem progredido em diálogo com vários tipos de conhecimento científico mais classicamente orientados para o indivíduo e suas realidades mentais, como a psicologia cultural, a psicanálise, a psicologia cognitiva ou as neurociências.&#x0D; &#x0D; Palavras-chaves: Contextualista, disposicionalista, neurociências, psicologia, sociologia à escala individual.&#x0D; &#x0D; Abstract &#x0D; The French sociological tradition has long regarded the ‘individual’ as a reality situated outside its area of intellection and investigation. According to Durkheim, the individual is a psychological object par excellence. Sociology has thus long favored the study of collectives (groups, classes, categories, institutions, microcosms), suggesting that the individual was a reality which, in itself, fell short of the social. The article discusses a method from the mid-1990s of researching sociology at an individual scale. This approach is essentially embedded in the French sociological tradition, from Durkheim to Bourdieu via Halbwachs, despite the inflections and criticisms it might have of this tradition, while also drawing on the main theoretical knowledge of Norbert Elias’ relational and process-focused sociology. From empirical realization in methodological and theoretical reflexivity, this research program has progressed in dialog with various types of scientific knowledge more classically oriented toward the individual and their mental realities, such as cultural psychology, psychoanalysis, cognitive psychology or the neurosciences.&#x0D; Keywords: Contextualist, dispositionalist, neurosciences, psychology, sociology at the individual level.
A Phase 2, Open-Label, Randomized Study of Pexa-Vec (JX-594) Administered by Intratumoral Injection in Patients with Unresectable Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma; HCC) in patients not eligible for surgery or transplant is currently treated by locoregional therapeutic approaches, including trans-arterial chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation. Sorafenib (Nexavar; Bayer/Onyx) is currently the only approved systemic therapy for patients having failed locoregional interventions. Oncolytic viruses are designed to selectively replicate within, and subsequently lyse, cancer cells by a unique mechanisms-of-action that is not cross-resistant with approved therapies (Kirn et al., Nat Med 7:781-787, 2001; Parato et al., Nat Rev Cancer 5:965-976, 2005; Chiocca, Nat Rev Cancer 2:938-950, 2002; Heise and Kern, J Clin Invest 105:847-851, 2000). Given that these therapeutics are self-amplifying in tumors, the impact of dose on patient outcome is unclear. Pexa-Vec (JX-594) is an oncolytic and immunotherapeutic vaccinia virus which was shown to be well tolerated by intratumoral injection and intravenous infusions in Phase 1 trials (Park et al., Lancet Oncol 9:533-542, 2008; Breitbach et al., Nature 477:99-102, 2011). We present the design of a randomized dose-finding trial of Pexa-Vec in patients with advanced HCC in which Pexa-Vec was delivered by intratumoral injection three times every 2 weeks at one of two dose levels (1 × 10(8) plaque forming units (pfu) versus 1 × 10(9) pfu).
DEVICES AND METHODS FOR PERFORMING MEDICAL PROCEDURES IN TREE-LIKE LUMINAL STRUCTURES

Apparatus is described for use with an imaging device (31) that acquires a pre-procedure image of a portion of a subject's body disposed at a pre-procedure position. An input unit receives from a user an indication of two or more lines within the image that correspond to respective branches of a multi-branch luminal structure. A probe (1) moves within the portion along two or more lines in the structure that respectively correspond to the two or more lines within the image. A location sensor (18) coupled to the probe senses location coordinates along the two or more lines, while the portion is at a current position. A control unit (34) registers the image of the portion with the portion's current position by registering (a) the two or more lines within the image, with (b) the location coordinates along the two or more lines. Other embodiments are also described.
Design of The Telephone Remote Control System for Household Electronic Appliance Based on Microcontroller

A household appliances of remote control system was designed.The design is based on the following basic principles:When somebody calls and ring the phone,The AT89S52 will start to count.When the numbers of the ringing are completed,the telephone will put on automatically,and the language circuit refers in the charge of the AT89S52.At the moment you should put in the system code and inspected it.If the code is right,the language circuit refers that you can put in the controlling code of household appliance.The dialing numbers are deciphered by the deciphering circuit DTMF,and then are decoded by single-chip microcomputer AT89S52.Thus it remote controls the household appliance.
Morphological studies of pollen grains of the Polish endemic species of the genus Rubus (Rosaceae)

The pollen of six taxa of the genus Rubus endemic to Poland (R. capitulatus, R. chaerophylloides, R. ostroviensis, R. posnaniensis, R. seebergensis and R. spribillei)was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. The study objective was to extend the knowledge of the species pollen morphology and to investigate whether pollen morphology may help to taxonomically distinguish a very rare bramble species. Study material was derived from six natural localities where the species occur in the Wielkopolska region (Poland). Ten quantitative pollen grain features were analysed as well as the following qualitative ones: outline, shape, type of bridge and exine sculpture. Only mature, correctly formed pollen grains (30 per specimen) were measured and 180 pollen grains were examined in total. It was found that R. capitulatus and R. seebergensis had the highest mean values of P, E and Le features. In addition, pollen grains of R. capitulatus were most flattened (mean P/E ratio equals 1.14), while those of R. seebergensis were most elongated (mean P/E ratio equals 1.27). R. spribillei was the only species with striae of similar width as muri, whereas striae in the remaining species were wider. R. chaerophylloides and R. posnaniensis were characterised by specific, similar exine sculpture. Nevertheless, it should be stated that differences between pollen features of the species studied are so small and the variability of these features are so large that it is difficult to clearly identify the species studied. Therefore, pollen grain morphology can serve only as an auxiliary feature for the determination of these species.
Methods of forming capacitors for semiconductor memory devices and resulting semiconductor memory devices

Methods of forming capacitors include forming a first mold layer and a second mold layer on a substrate, forming storage electrodes through the mold layers, the storage electrodes arranged in rows extending in a first direction and spaced apart from adjacent storage electrodes along the first direction by a first interval. The storage electrodes are spaced apart from adjacent storage electrodes along a second direction oblique to the first direction by a second interval smaller than the first interval. First and second sacrificial layers are formed on the storage electrodes layer partially filling up a gap between adjacent storage electrodes along the first direction and filling up a gap between the adjacent storage electrodes along the second direction. Sacrificial spacers may be formed on sidewalls of the storage electrodes by etching the sacrificial layers. The second mold layer may be etched using the sacrificial spacers as etching masks to define a plurality of stabilizing structures. Resulting devices are also disclosed.
The Contribution of Maintenance Human Factors to no Fault Founds on Aircraft Systems Engineering

Abstract In the context of aircraft engineering and maintenance, No Fault Found (NFF) is a chain of events that develops from a pilot experiencing a system malfunction with post-flight maintenance failing to reproduce the reported symptoms. Without any repair being undertaken, the malfunction may be experienced again on subsequent flights. This paper presents research into aircraft maintenance human factors that are prevalent when aircraft maintenance engineers interact with aircraft systems whilst undertaking fault diagnosis maintenance. The aim of the research is to develop a set of recommended guidelines that focus on mitigating human factors implications that arise from engineers interacting with complex systems when conducting maintenance tasks. This was achieved by undertaking an empirical study that involved a maintenance engineer survey and identification of a NFF case study where a structured interview was conducted. The study revealed that key resources such as aircraft test equipment, integrated onboard maintenance systems and technical maintenance manuals failed to support engineers when undertaking diagnosis tasks. The combined effect of the research findings is that aircraft maintenance personnel are unable to consistently undertake accurate and timely fault diagnosis tasks and this results in unwanted NFF occurrences.
Credit risk assessment of expressway listed company in China

In order to research the impact of financial crisis on the credit risks of expressway enterprises,16 expressway listed companies in China were chose as samples,the half-year default distances of the companies from the second half of 2008 to the first half of 2012 were calculated by using KMV model,and the changing trends of credit risks were analyzed.Calculation result shows that default distance increases with an average growth rate of 20.11%,and the credit risk decreases gradually.The Spearman's correlation coefficients between the credit risk and China's half-year GDP growth rate and expressway sector index are-0.012 and-0.381 respectively,so the inherent correlations are not significant.The influence of the volatility of enterprise's market value on the level of credit risk is greater than the negative influence of the level of current liability.Expressway listed company in China still has high investment value.
Implementation of a services network for the study, protection, enhancement and sustainable management of water on a local and regional scale in an Alpine cross-border territory

In some seasons of the year, the Alps supply the lowlands with up to 90 percent of water in Europe. The water that comes from the Alps is therefore a strategic resource for maintaining adequate living conditions for the European populations and for the numerous activities and socio-economic chains deriving from it. In recent years, this precious heritage is increasingly threatened: drought and deterioration of quality are just some of the consequences of the demographic increase and the impacts related to the different activities of man. To counter the threats to water resources, the Swiss and Italian partners analyzed the cross-border territorial context and identified some critical issues. The RESERVAQUA project intends to respond to these critical issues, setting as a common challenge the development of an integrated management strategy for mountain regions and rural areas in order to guarantee sustainable use and qualitative protection of the Alpine water resource for the future, also for the benefit of plains. To address this challenge, 3 specific objectives have been identified in the project: - improvement of knowledge on the availability and effective use of water resources, also through the harmonization of existing databases; - dissemination of a "water culture", through the use of innovative techniques; - development of policy tools for water resource management.
Iron fertilization and the structure of planktonic communities in high nutrient regions of the Southern Ocean

In this review article, plankton community structure observations are analyzed both for artificial iron fertilization experiments and also for experiments dedicated to the study of naturally iron-fertilized systems in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific sectors of the Southern Ocean in the POOZ (Permanently Open Ocean Zone) and the PFZ (Polar Frontal Zone). Observations made in natural systems are combined with those from artificially perturbed systems, in order to evaluate the seasonal evolution of pelagic communities, taking into account controlling factors related to the life cycles and the ecophysiology of dominant organisms. The analysis considers several types of planktonic communities, including both autotrophs and heterotrophs. These communities are spatially segregated owing to different life strategies. A conceptual general scheme is proposed to account for these observations and their variability, regardless of experiment type. Diatoms can be separated into 2 groups: Group 1 has slightly silicified fast growing cells that are homogeneously distributed in the surface mixed layer, and Group 2 has strongly silicified slowly growing cells within discrete layers. During the growth season, Group 1 diatoms show a typical seasonal succession of dominant species, within time windows of development that are conditioned by physical factors (light and temperature) as well as endogenous specific rhythms (internal clock), and biomass accumulation is controlled by the availability of nutrients. Group 1 diatoms are not directly grazed by mesozooplankton which is fed by protozooplankton, linking the microbial food web to higher trophic levels. Instead, successive dominant species of Group 1 are degraded via bacterial activity at the end of their growth season. Organic detritus fragments feed protozooplankton and mesozooplankton. The effective silicon pump leads to the progressive disappearance of silicic acid in surface waters. In contrast, Group 2 is resistant to grazing due to its strong silicification, and its biomass accumulates continuously but relatively slowly throughout the productive period. Group 2 diatoms are concentrated at or near the seasonal pycnocline and thus benefit from upward nutrient fluxes by diapycnal mixing. The decrease in light and the deep convective mixing in the fall produce both light and nutrient limitation leading to a massive carbon export of Group 2 diatoms, a major annual event of the biological pump. This scheme describes the seasonal evolution of plankton communities in surface waters of the Southern Ocean. The scheme could probably be extended to ecosystems that are characterized by a seasonal bloom under influence of iron or other nutrients.
Student Modeling: Supporting Personalized Instruction, from Problem Solving to Exploratory Open Ended Activities

The field of intelligent tutoring systems has successfully delivered techniques and applications to provide personalized coaching and feedback for problem solving in a variety of domains. The core of this personalized instruction is a student model; the ITS component in charge of assessing student traits and states relevant to tailor the tutorial interaction to specific student needs during problem solving. There are however, other educational activities that can help learners acquire the target skills and abilities at different stages of learning including, among others, exploring interactive simulations and playing educational games. This article describes research on creating student models that support personalization for these novel types of interactions, their unique challenges, and how AI and machine learning can help.