SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Fault-Tolerant Relay Deployment Based on Length-Constrained Connectivity and Rerouting Centrality in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are prone to failures. To be robust to failures, the network topology should provide alternative routes to the sinks so when failures occur the routing protocol can still offer reliable delivery. We define l-CRC, a new centrality index which measures a node's importance to connectivity and efficient delivery in the network. We then use this centrality index to concentrate on the most important nodes, providing alternative paths around the nodes with high centrality. Varying l-CRC allows us to trade off cost for robustness. We introduce GRASP-ABP, a local search algorithm for initial robust topology design. We evaluate the algorithm empirically in terms of the number of additional nodes it suggests and its runtime. We then evaluate the robustness of the designs against node failures in simulation, and we demonstrate that the centrality-based GRASP-ABP's designs are able to offer reliable delivery, comparable to competitor algorithms, but with fewer additional relays and faster runtime.
APPARATUSES, SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR APPLYING PROTECTIVE COATINGS TO ELECTRONIC DEVICE ASSEMBLIES

A coating apparatus may be configured to concurrently receive and waterproof a large number of electronic device assemblies. The coating apparatus may include a track for transporting the electronic device assemblies into an application station. The application station may have a cubic shape, and include an entry door and an opposite exit door. The entry and exit doors may enable the introduction of substrates into the application station, as well as their removal from the application station. In addition, the entry and exit doors may enable isolation of the application station from an exterior environment and, thus, provide control over the conditions under which a moisture resistant material is applied to the substrates. Methods for making electronic devices and other substrates resistant to moisture are also disclosed.
3D gravity modelling reveals off-axis crustal thickness variations along the western Gakkel Ridge (Arctic Ocean)

Abstract Near-orthogonal ultra-slow (13.3 mm yr − 1 to 6.5 mm yr − 1 ) sea floor spreading in the absence of large transform faults make the Arctic Gakkel Ridge ideally suited for the study of magmatic processes. To enable this, we generated a three-dimensional gravity model of crustal thickness over the ridge and parts of the adjacent Nansen and Amundsen basins west of 65° E. The model shows that oceanic crust accreted prior to chrons C5/C6 is generally very thin (1–3 km). Magnetic anomalies over this thin crust are highly variable both parallel and perpendicular to the ridge axis. This is the result of amagmatic or weakly volcanic spreading that started with the opening of the basins 56 Ma ago. The separation of Greenland from Svalbard at chron C5/C6 led to the inflow of North Atlantic mantle into the western Eurasia Basin leading to a change in the mantle convection system and the establishment of a magmatic dichotomy along the Gakkel Ridge. Robust magmatism was established in the Western Volcanic Zone (6° 30′ W–3° 30′ E), leading to creation of a 6.6 km thick igneous crust, characterized by a strong positive axial magnetic anomaly, numerous volcanic cones, and widespread thick mid-ocean ridge basalts. The transition to the neighbouring Sparsely Magmatic (3° 30′ E–29° E) and Eastern Volcanic (29° E–85° E) zones is sharp. Peridotites cover the central valley and the inner rift flanks, the central magnetic anomaly vanishes and crustal thickness decreases to 1–4 km. Transverse basement ridges, extending for as much as 100 km into the adjacent basins, intersect the central valley. Although partly of tectonic origin, the transverse ridges are also an expression of long-living magmatic centres, as revealed by increased magnetic anomaly intensities and local thickening of the crust to values as great as 5.9 km.
Stable Isotopes in the Sedimentary Record

This chapter addresses the interpretation of the sedimentary records of several common stable isotopes and their fractionation in natural systems. Of the 258 stable isotopes of the chemical elements, those with the atomic numbers 1–20, hydrogen through calcium, are the main chemical constituents of the atmosphere, continental and oceanic waters, sediments, and upper part of the crystalline continental and oceanic crust. The chapter deals with the isotopes of hydrogen (D/H) and oxygen ( 18 O/ 16 O) that occur in the global water cycle and are fractionated by a number of physical and chemical processes in the gas–liquid–solid H 2 O system, as well as in many mineral–water reactions in sediments; the isotopes of calcium ( 44 Ca/ 40 Ca) in the riverine input to the ocean and biogenic carbonates forming in ocean water; the isotopic fractionation of the elements essential to life, carbon ( 13 C/ 12 C), nitrogen ( 15 N/ 14 N), and sulfur ( 34 S/ 32 S), that have produced variably extensive sedimentary records during Earth's history; and the occurrences of the boron isotopes ( 11 B/ 10 B) in the Earth's surface environment. In addition to the nonradiogenic stable isotopes mentioned, a section in this chapter is devoted to the radiogenic stable 40 Ar because of its importance as a tracer of certain diagenetic processes in sedimentary clay minerals.
The augmented saddle field discharge characteristics and its applications for plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition

A high ion flux parallel electrode plasma is proposed and studied in its DC configuration. By cascading a diode source region which supplies electrons and a saddle field region where these seed electrons are energized and amplified, the energy of ion bombardment on the substrate can be decoupled from the plasma density. The sufficiently large density of electrons and holes in the vicinity of the substrate raises the possibility to perform plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition on insulating materials, at low sheath voltages (around 40 V in the configuration studied), at low temperatures in which the surface mobility of film growth species may be provided by the bombardment of moderate energy ions. As a benchmarking exercise, experiments are carried out on silane discharge characteristics and deposition of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) on both silicon wafer and glass. The films grown at low anode voltages have excellent microstructures with predominantly monohydride bonds, sharp band tails, but relatively high integrated defect density in the mid 1016/cm3 range for the particular substrate temperature of 180 °C, indicating that further optimizations are necessary if the electrode configuration is to be used to create a-Si:H devices.
Development of an accident prediction model for Italian freeways

The roadway safety management process plays an important role in the national efforts for improving road safety along the Italian freeway network. In 2016, 8.3% of the overall Italian road deaths and 6.3% of the overall road injuries occurred along the 6700 km-long freeway network. Accident Prediction Models (APMs) represent one of the best tools to perform a road safety quantitative assessment. With the aim of providing the Italian freeway agencies with a tool that allows to deal with potential safety issues, this paper defines two APMs for single- and multiple-vehicle fatal-and-injury crashes to be applied on Italian rural freeway segments, based on jurisdictional specific Safety Performance Functions (SPFs) developed in the PRACT project. The proposed procedure is based on the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) approach, and it introduces a new methodology to transfer the HSM to European motorways. In order to improve the prediction accuracy, the proposed APMs consist in a jurisdictional specific base SPF, developed for the base data set as a function of Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) and segment length, combined with Crash Modification Factors (CMFs), in order to account for differences between each site and the base conditions. The full models are then calibrated based on the total number of accidents observed in the wide data set. For both full models (one for single-vehicle and one for multiple-vehicle crashes), the goodness of fit is evaluated in terms of chi square test, root mean square error, observed Vs predicted diagram and predicted Vs residual diagram. The results show a good aptitude of both models to describe the analysis data set. The proposed models represent a solid and reliable tool for practitioners to perform accident predictions along the Italian freeway network.
METHODS OF ASSESSING CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

An association between the Ala allele of the P12A variant of the human PPAR? gene and development of CAD, particularly premature CAD, in individuals, and specifically in women, particularly Caucasian women, is described, as are methods of assessing or predicting the likelihood or risk that an individual, such as a woman, will develop premature CAD. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human resistin gene, human resistin gene variants, gender-related increase in premature coronary artery disease, methods of assessing or aiding in assessing the risk that an individual will develop premature CAD, and methods of predicting the likelihood or aiding in predicting the likelihood that an individual will develop premature CAD are described.
EFFECT OF CROPPING SYSTEM COMPLEXITY ON PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES ASSOCIATED WITH ORGANICALLY GROWN VEGETABLES IN FLORIDA

Bhan, M., R. McSorley, and C. A. Chase. 2010. Effect of cropping system complexity on plant-parasitic nematodes associated with organically grown vegetables in Florida. Nematropica 40:53-70. Two field experiments were initiated in summer 2006 in north-central Florida to compare the effects of integrating cover crops, living mulches, and intercropping on plant-parasitic nematode populations, as well as the effect of fall and spring vegetables on the multiplication rate of root-knot nematodes. Treatments consisted of seven organic cropping systems that included a summer cover crop followed by fall and spring vegetables. The summer cover crop included: pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), sorghum sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor x S. bicolor var. sudanense), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea), velvetbean (Mucuna pruriens var. pruriens), weedy fallow, mixture of pearl millet-sunn hemp, and mixture of sorghum sudangrass-velvet bean. One experiment utilized fall yellow squash (Cucurbita pepo) and spring bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) as vegetable crops, and fall broccoli (Brassica oleracea) and spring sweet corn (Zea mays) were used in the other experiment. Nematode populations were monitored at the end of the cover crop and vegetable seasons. Summer cover crops of sorghum-sudangrass or pearl millet increased root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) population levels in some instances while sunn hemp suppressed it in the broccoli-sweet corn experiment. The multiplication rate of root-knot nematodes was lowest when broccoli was planted in the cropping system. Systems with sorghum-sudangrass (alone or in mixture) increased population densities of ring (Mesocriconema spp.) and lesion (Pratylenchus spp.) nematodes, and occasionally increased stubby-root nematodes (Paratrichodorus spp.). Cover crops that increased nematode numbers when planted alone usually gave the same result when planted in mixtures with another cover crop. Other cropping systems failed to suppress plant-parasitic nematodes but maintained low densities similar to weedy fallow.
PROCESS FOR TRANSPORTING THERMALLY UNSTABLE, VISCOUS COMPOUNDS

The invention relates to a process for transporting a thermally unstable viscous compound through pipes, in which: (a) the compound is divided during transport into X1 partial streams T1, where X1 is calculated by the relation (I) X1 = Q<(N-1)>, where Q and N are mutually independent positive whole numbers; and (b) the viscous compound is transported in the partial streams at the same speed.
Statistical methods for high dimensional diffusions

In the past twenty years the availability of vast dimensional data, typically referred to as big data, has given rise to exciting challenges in various fields of mathematics and computer sciences. The increasing need for getting a better understanding of such data in internet traffic, biology, genetics, and economics, has lead to a revolution in statistical and machine learning, optimisation and numerical analysis. Due to high dimensionality of modern statistical models, parameter estimation is a difficult task and statisticians typically investigate estimation methods under sparsity constraints. While an abundance of estimation algorithms is now available for high dimensional discrete models, a rigorous mathematical investigation of estimation problems for high dimensional continuous-time processes is completely undeveloped.

The aim of STAMFORD is to provide a concise statistical theory for estimation of high dimensional diffusions. Such high dimensional processes naturally appear in modelling particle interactions in physics, neural networks in biology or large portfolios in economics, just to name a few. The methodological part of the project will require development of novel 
advanced techniques in mathematical statistics and probability theory. In particular, new results will be needed in parametric and non-parametric statistics, and high dimensional probability, that are reaching far beyond the state-of-the-art. Hence, a successful outcome of STAMFORD will not only have a tremendous impact on statistical inference for continuous-time models in natural and applied sciences, but also strongly influence the field of high dimensional statistics and probability.
Secure and Efficient ECC

The use of Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is widely playing a crucial role and is reporting with a great hope of advancing security and performance related benefits for the high end applications. The scalar multiplication algorithms used in ECC are having the scope for gaining the computational efficiency. A smaller key length is the most appropriate to receive the same level of security strength using this technique. Finding the more efficient technique for accelerating the scalar multiplication through the research gap is one of our objectives. The manuscript presentation claims the proposed Radix-16 scalar multiplication without pre-computed operations, which is theoretically computing 6.25 percent faster than the recently proposed Radix-8 scalar conversion technique on software performance basis and 8.33 on hardware basis. This is showing the more appropriateness for reduced instruction set computing with resistance to the simple side channel attacks and safe-error fault attacks. The further extension of proposed work is to find the future applied scope for low memory devices.
Modulation Scheme for an Effective Increase in the Number of Levels of DC-DC Multi-Level Flying Capacitor Converters

This paper introduces a novel modulation scheme for dc-dc multi-level flying capacitor buck converters that effectively increases the number of converter levels. It is shown that, in general, an N-level flying capacitor converter can be split simultaneously into an $\frac{{N + 2}}{2}$ and an $\frac{{N + 3}}{2}$ level flying capacitor converter. This modulation scheme creates unequal differences between the flying capacitor voltages which can be used to reduce the voltage swing at the switching node and thus the size of the inductor. The voltage swing becomes equivalent to an $\frac{{{N^2} + 3}}{4}$ level converter for some conversion ratios. Additionally, this modulation scheme has passive flying capacitor voltage balancing, simplifying controller design. A 5-level flying capacitor converter was modulated to create a 3,4-level converter with the effective voltage swing of a 7-level converter. The functionality of this modulation scheme was confirmed with a 24V-to-9V, 45W 5-level buck converter confirming a 35% reduction in the inductor ripple and, thus, allowing for the equivalent inductor reduction.
Uterine dynamics of the southern eagle rayMyliobatis goodei(Chondrichthyes: Myliobatidae) from the southwest Atlantic Ocean

Abstract Uterine layer changes and their relationship with the reproductive cycle were analyzed for the southern eagle ray Myliobatis goodei (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatidae), based on histological and histometric studies. The specimens were collected from bottom-trawl surveys conducted in the coastal southwest Atlantic ecosystem between latitude 34 and 42°S. Oviduct samples were removed and fixed in 10% buffered formalin until processing for histological analysis. Both oviducts are developed in mature females, but only the left is functional. After ovulation, the size of the right posterior oviduct decreases and the left develops into a complex uterus that occupies almost the entire coelomic cavity. This uterus undergoes successive morphological and functional changes related to reproductive stages. Mucosa was characterized by temporal villous extensions or trophonemata with high variability depending on reproductive events. Invaginations or crypts associated with presumably lipid secretion (histotrophe) we...
Thoughts and Reminiscences on Experimental Trace Element Partitioning

This perspective is a very personal account of the history and evolution of experimental trace element partitioning, although I cannot hope to exhaustively cover all aspects of this discipline. Therefore, I emphasise issues with which I am most familiar: (i) partitioning between mafic silicates and silicate melt; (ii) solid metal-liquid metal partitioning – especially the effects of non-metals; and (iii) metal-silicate liquid partitioning. I first entered the field of experimental partitioning as a grad-student in the mid-1970’s and so was able to see some of the growing pains of this discipline up close and personal. Also where appropriate, I will mention applications of experimental partitioning data to geologic and planetary problems.
Cluster based net for Adriatic Thrift

In line with the geo-economic and cultural features of the Adriatic Basin, CAT aims at promoting a co-operation project for the SME in the tourist sector, in combination with the transport, fishery and crafts sectors, focusing on the completion of the tourist services and the opportunities for the development of the regions surrounding the Adriatic Basin. The project aims at helping the companies in overcoming their isolation and entering a transnational context, thus becoming more competitive thanks to common projects in new market segments and safeguarding the specific activities of all the companies that will keep working autonomously and independently.
Virtues and vice in mathematics

Mathematics is a human activity, and as for all human activities ethical considerations arise. However, so far the ethics of mathematics has remained an under-explored topic both among philosophers and mathematicians. Because mathematics is a collective epistemic endeavour injustices in its social structure, such as biased refereeing practices, impact its epistemic output. These injustices have not yet received sustained critical reflection, even though they are both socially relevant, since they impact the careers and hence lives of mathematicians, and epistemologically relevant, because they shape publicly available mathematical knowledge. VaViM will study the virtues and vices that manifest in such injustices and develop an interventionist philosophy which supports concrete recommendations, such as policy advice.

VaViM expands the theoretical frameworks provided by the virtue-theoretic literature to a study of cases of injustices in mathematical practices. This empirically informed philosophy will provide detailed investigations of how virtues (e.g. charity) and vices (e.g. egotism) manifest in mathematical knowledge-making. This will reveal points of connection between the ethics and epistemology of mathematical practices and open up a discursive field for philosophers and mathematicians to engage with the ethics of mathematics.

As a European centre of excellence in socially relevant philosophy the VU Amsterdam is the perfect host for VaViM. The shared philosophical interest in the sciences ensures the two-way transfer of knowledge between VaViM and its host and provides ample opportunity for collaboration. The VU’s expertise with public philosophy and its research networks provide excellent means for dissemination for VaViM’s findings on the societal challenges mathematicians are facing in Europe in a changing world. Through VaViM I will enrich the European Research Area as a pioneer of a socially and epistemologically relevant philosophy of mathematics.
Insights into the Physiology and Ecology of the Brackish-Water-Adapted Cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena CCY9414 Based on a Genome-Transcriptome Analysis

Nodularia spumigena is a filamentous diazotrophic cyanobacterium that dominates the annual late summer cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea. But N. spumigena also is common in brackish water bodies worldwide, suggesting special adaptation allowing it to thrive at moderate salinities. A draft genome analysis of N. spumigena sp. CCY9414 yielded a single scaffold of 5,462,271 nucleotides in length on which genes for 5,294 proteins were annotated. A subsequent strand-specific transcriptome analysis identified more than 6,000 putative transcriptional start sites (TSS). Orphan TSSs located in intergenic regions led us to predict 764 non-coding RNAs, among them 70 copies of a possible retrotransposon and several potential RNA regulators, some of which are also present in other N2-fixing cyanobacteria. Approximately 4% of the total coding capacity is devoted to the production of secondary metabolites, among them the potent hepatotoxin nodularin, the linear spumigin and the cyclic nodulapeptin. The transcriptional complexity associated with genes involved in nitrogen fixation and heterocyst differentiation is considerably smaller compared to other Nostocales. In contrast, sophisticated systems exist for the uptake and assimilation of iron and phosphorus compounds, for the synthesis of compatible solutes, and for the formation of gas vesicles, required for the active control of buoyancy. Hence, the annotation and interpretation of this sequence provides a vast array of clues into the genomic underpinnings of the physiology of this cyanobacterium and indicates in particular a competitive edge of N. spumigena in nutrient-limited brackish water ecosystems.