SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Electricity Markets and Pricing for the Distributed Generation Era

Wholesale and retail electricity markets have changed little over the past century, with flat kilowatt-hour pricing still the norm. This outdated model will have to change to meet the future challenges facing the industry. Present market structures are ill-adapted to the cost and operating characteristics of a decarbonized supply side, especially in view of technological innovations in distributed energy resources. The prices that energy markets produce do not underpin investment in these sources or give useful operating signals for intermittent sources like wind and solar. Meanwhile, consumers are either sheltered from the impact of wholesale market volatility or faced with confusing and perverse price signals. The chapter considers various options for a pricing structure linking supply and demand coherently, including a reconceptualization of electricity into two products: “as-available” and “on-demand” power. The implications of these developments for electricity business models and investment are examined.
Sexual Function of Women Suffering From Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

The cross-sectional study aimed at examining the sexual function of young adult women suffering from eating disorders. The authors interviewed 53 women (26 with anorexia nervosa and 27 with bulimia nervosa) and 58 female students. Each participant was administered the Female Sexual Function Index, the Eating Attitudes Test, the Body Shape Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Comparisons among the 3 groups showed that patients with anorexia nervosa scored lower in each Female Sexual Function Index subscale than did healthy controls. There was no significant difference between bulimia nervosa and healthy controls. Sexual functionality of patients with anorexia nervosa was correlated only with body mass index (r = 0.5, p =.01). Sexual functionality of patients with bulimia nervosa was correlated only with the Beck Depression Inventory (r = -0.4, p =.03) Patients with anorexia nervosa had more disturbed sexual function than did controls. Sexual function can be related to the level of starvation and symptoms of depression.
How much does Disease Activity Score in 28 joints ESR and CRP calculations underestimate disease activity compared with the Simplified Disease Activity Index?

Objectives Disease Activity Score in 28 joints calculated with C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) is used instead of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) to assess rheumatoid arthritis disease activity; however, values for remission and low disease activity (LDA) for DAS28-CRP have not been validated. American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) guidelines suggest remission should be calculated by Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) rather than DAS28-ESR. We examined values of remission and LDA of DAS28-CRP that correspond to the respective cut-off points for DAS28-ESR and SDAI from five clinical trials. Methods DAS28-CRP cut-offs that best correspond to DAS28-ESR remission &lt;2.6 and LDA ≤3.2 were obtained by cumulative distribution plots, receiver operating curves and maximum concordance and averaged for each approach, treatment group and study. Level of agreement between DAS28-CRP and DAS28-ESR remission and LDA cut-offs was compared against each other and versus SDAI remission ≤3.3 and LDA ≤11. Results Percentage of patients who achieved remission and LDA by DAS28-ESR cut-offs was greater for DAS28-CRP versus DAS28-ESR regardless of patient population or treatment group. Discordance between CRP and ESR cut-offs ranged from 4%–26% and 8%–23% for remission and LDA, respectively, and 19%–40% and 6%–11% for DAS28-CRP versus SDAI, respectively. Estimated (range) remission and LDA thresholds were 2.4 (2.2–2.6) and 2.9 (2.6–3.3), 1.9 (1.6–2.2) and 3.1 (3.1–3.3) and 2.2 (1.1–2.9) and 3.6 (3.4–4.0) for DAS28-CRP versus DAS28-ESR, DAS28-CRP versus SDAI and DAS28-ESR versus SDAI, respectively. Conclusions DAS28-CRP underestimates disease activity when using cut-off points validated for DAS28-ESR; therefore, DAS28-ESR cut-off values should not be applied to DAS28-CRP. Although DAS28-CRP and DAS28-ESR cut-offs for LDA ≤3.2 correspond to SDAI LDA, neither corresponds well to SDAI remission.
Autonomic scaling of Cloud Computing resources using BN-based prediction models

The recent surge in the popularity and usage of Cloud Computing services by both the enterprise and individual consumers has necessitated efficient and proactive management of data center resources which host services having varied characteristics. One of the major issues concerning both the cloud service providers and consumers is the automatic scalability of resources (i.e., compute, storage and bandwidth) in response to the highly unpredictable demands. To this end, an opportunity exists to harness the predictive and diagnostic capabilities of machine learning approaches to incorporate dynamic scaling up and scaling down of resources without violating the Service Level Agreements (SLA) and simultaneously ensuring adequate revenue to the providers. This paper proposes, implements and evaluates a Bayesian Networks based predictive modeling framework to provide for an autonomic scaling of utility computing resources in the Cloud Computing scenario. In essence, the BN-based model captures the historical behavior of the system involving various performance metrics (indicators) and predicts the desired unknown metric (e.g. SLA parameter). Initial simulated experiments involving random demand scenarios provide insights into the feasibility and applicability of the proposed approach for improving the management of present data center facilities.
Stratigraphic charactertistic and tectonic control on the paleogene sedimentary evolution of the Baxian Half-graben, Bohai Bay Basin, east China

The depositional and structural development of a deltaic dominated succession, interpreted from seismic data, cores, well curves and lab data, is discussed. The case is from a comprehensive analysis of stratigraphy and the depositional process of a deltaic to continental succession in the early to late Paleogene in the Baxian Half-graben, Bohai Bay Basin, East China. The evolution of three genetic successions with a total thickness of 1000–7000 m, comprising three facies associations, including fan delta, braided-river to shallow water delta and lacustrine deposit, records: a, initial rift stage, b, late rift stage, and c, post-rift stage. (1) The initial rift stage is made up of several fining-upward successions, mainly stacked in retrogradation style that pass from the fan delta plain, through the fan delta front to pro-delta in a deep lacustrine environment. This stage is characterized by high intensity rifting and the deposition was keeping up with subsidence. (2) The late rift stage is made up of several successions stacked in both progradation and retrogradation styles. The succession is defined by braided-river deltas, distributary channels, subaqueous channels, swamp, levees, and fluvial-dominated mouth bar, which are mainly identified using core data. This stage is characterized by a decrease in the intensity of rifting and finer-grained deposits. (3) The post-rift stage is made up of several successions stacked mainly in an aggradation style. Shallow water delta developed in the early phase, and lacustrine deposits developed in the late phase. The transition from initial-rift to late-rift phase is represented by a seismically identifiable regional angular unconformity and an overall upward decrease in the quantity of syn-depositional faults. The late-rift to post-rift evolution is represented by an overall decrease in grain size, decrease in fluvial influence and increase in wave influence. The research process can be a reference for the study of stratigraphic architecture and sedimentary process in other lacustrine basins where tectonic movements are well developed. The achievements of this article can be an important basis for the further exploration in the half-graben.
An Adaptive Context-Aware and Event-Based Framework Design Model

Abstract Context-aware and proactive technologies have been continuously used over the past years to improve user interaction in areas such as searching and information retrieval, health care and mobile computing. Although there have been significant advances in context-aware systems, there is still a lack of approaches that model and implement context-aware proactive applications involving the combination of context and distributed events. In this paper we address these issues by defining a context-aware event model, a new context-aware publish subscribe scheme and a distributed event-based framework. Our proposed event model is implemented as a context-aware distributed eventbased framework that provides the necessary infrastructure to publish and deliver events based on a component's context. In summary, we are able to leverage context as part of our event model and bring behaviour context-aware adaptation to publication and subscription of events.
ARTIFICIAL LEATHER

The invention relates to chemically neutral artificial leather obtained from a solution of BEVA 371, intended for the preservation and restoration of leather and specifically for filling defects in leather.
Floating Cultures in River Deltas

The delta regions in Europe are rich in biodiversity but poor financially. Nowadays, they are located on a periphery of economic activities and are low economic performers in Europe. Large rivers in Europe have nature reserves in river deltas. These reserves accommodate wonderful biodiversity but rarely wealth. The capabilities which were needed for agriculture, transport and manufacturing lost their value in course of changes to the presently dominant knowledge-based economies. The project aims at definition and improvement of policy instruments that enable to foster the capabilities in using deltas' ecosystem services for regional economic development. The proposal is focused on the exchange of know-how about actions in the past, good practicies, capabilities and initiatives, as well as on the regional policymaking aiming at use of ecosystem services for the regional economic development.  Hence, the project should deliver tangible project proposals for the regional implementation of actions that foster the potential of partners to use ecosystem services and strengthen economic development based on the use of local cultural and natural qualities. The project addressed 6 delta regions: Rijn delta (Netherlands), Danube delta  (Romania), Camargue delta (France, Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur), Ebro delta- Albufera area (Spain), Po delta Park (Italy) and River Blackwater delta (Ireland).
The project will result in the improved implementation of the regional policy instruments leading to the  improved use of deltas' ecosystem services for regional economic development. This will be done through policy improvement, improvement of governance,  learning sessions, development of action plans, identification of good practices and sharing and active work in chosen deltas with involvement of regional stakeholder groups. The project will collect and disseminate the knowledge gained in good practice directory guide for delta regions.
Alchemy in the making: from ancient babylonia via graeco-roman egypt into the byzantine, syriac and arabic traditions (1500 bce - 1000 ad)

The AlchemEast project is devoted to the study of alchemical theory and practice as it appeared and developed in distinct, albeit contiguous (both chronologically and geographically) areas: Graeco-Roman Egypt, Byzantium, and the Near East, from Ancient Babylonian times to the early Islamic Period. This project combines innovative textual investigations with experimental replications of ancient alchemical procedures. It uses sets of historically and philologically informed laboratory replications in order to reconstruct the actual practice of ancient alchemists, and it studies the texts and literary forms in which this practice was conceptualized and transmitted. It proposes new models for textual criticism in order to capture the fluidity of the transmission of ancient alchemical writings. AlchemEast is designed to carry out a comparative investigation of cuneiform tablets as well as a vast corpus of Greek, Syriac and Arabic writings. It will overcome the old, pejorative paradigm that dismissed ancient alchemy as a ""pseudo-science"", by proposing a new theoretical framework for comprehending the entirety of ancient alchemical practices and theories. Alongside established forms of scholarly output, such as critical editions of key texts, AlchemEast will provide an integrative, longue durée perspective on the many different phases of ancient alchemy. It will thus offer a radically new vision of this discipline as a dynamic and diversified art that developed across different technical and scholastic traditions. This new representation will allow us to connect ancient alchemy with medieval and early modern alchemy and thus fully reintegrate ancient alchemy in the history of pre-modern alchemy as well as in the history of ancient science more broadly.
On the Northward Motion of Midlatitude Cyclones in a Barotropic Meandering Jet

Abstract The combined effects of the deformation (horizontal stretching and shearing) and nonlinearities on the beta drift of midlatitude cyclones are studied using a barotropic quasigeostrophic model on the beta plane. It is found that, without any background flow, a cyclonic vortex moves more rapidly northward when it is initially strongly stretched along a mostly north–south direction. This meridional stretching is more efficient at forming an anticyclone to the east of the cyclone through Rossby wave radiation. The cyclone–anticyclone couple then forms a nonlinear vortex dipole that propagates mostly northward. The case of a cyclone embedded in uniformly sheared zonal flows is then studied. A cyclone evolving in an anticyclonic shear is stretched more strongly, develops a stronger anticyclone, and moves faster northward than a cyclone embedded in a cyclonic shear, which remains almost isotropic. Similar results are found in the general case of uniformly sheared nonzonal flows. The evolution of cyclones is also investigated in the case of a more realistic meandering jet whose relative vorticity gradient creates an effective beta and whose deformation field is spatially varying. A statistical study reveals a strong correlation among the cyclone’s stretching, the anticyclone strength, and the velocity toward the jet center. These different observations agree with the more idealized cases. Finally, these results provide a rationale for the existence of preferential zones for the jet-crossing phase: that is, the phase when a cyclone crosses a jet from its anticyclonic to its cyclonic side.
Nanomaterials ecological risk assessment: a study of the long-term effects and risks of nanoscale iron oxide used in plastic composites in the aquatic environment

The nanoform of Iron Oxide (n-Fe2O3) is a large-volume substance used in pigments. Nanoscale Fe2O3 pigments are used to a significant extent in consumer products such as household appliances made of coloured plastic composites. This application implies high probability of n-Fe2O3 release into the aquatic environment (especially during end-of-life processing of the plastics), where n-Fe2O3 may pose risks to freshwater and sediment organisms. Presently, very little is known about the biological interactions and the ecological risks of n-Fe2O3, as the available information addresses only short-term effects of pristine n-Fe2O3. Therefore, the goal of NanoERA is to develop concepts and methods, and to generate data to predict the long-term ecological effects and risks of n-Fe2O3 (fragments) released from end-of-life processing of a coloured plastic composite into the aquatic environment and to compare them to the pristine n-Fe2O3 used to produce the composite. In order to achieve this, the fellow will analyse how the physicochemical properties of the n-Fe2O3 (fragments) change in environmental (i.e. freshwater and sediment) and biological (cell culture) media and how these changes affect the biological interactions of these materials in aquatic organisms. The generated ecotoxicological effects data will be used to derive dose-response relationships and to quantitatively estimate the long-term ecological risks of the n-Fe2O3 (fragments). 
In the process of achieving the NanoERA scientific objectives the Marie Curie fellow will obtain training in transferable and technical skills. The fellow’s qualification match very well to the research programme, which promises that NanoERA will produce excellent scientific results, which will be broadly disseminated to achieve significant and long-lasting impact on the European objectives for safe and responsible nanoinnovation.
Quantification of nutrient-replete growth rates in five-ion hyperspace forChlorella vulgaris(Trebouxiophyceae) andPeridinium cinctum(Dinophyceae)

The effects of five ions, , , K+, Na+ and Cl−, on growth rates were quantified for Chlorella vulgaris (Trebouxiophyceae) and Peridinium cinctum (Dinophyceae) in batch cultures. A five-dimensional, experimental design hypervolume was defined by five-ion mixture vectors projected across a total ion concentration gradient of 1 to 30 mM to quantify growth rates in relation to N:P ratios and primary bulk solution ions. Both C. vulgaris and P. cinctum exhibited very similar, positive responses to cations and negative responses to anions. It was determined that total ion concentration for these five ions, from 1 to 30 mM, did not directly affect growth rate for either alga, although it did play an interactive role with several ions. No truly ‘optimal’ N : P ratio was identified for either alga. Instead, regions of fast growth rates were mapped within the multivariate experimental design space, or ‘hypervolumes’, that encompassed relatively broad ranges of N:P ratios. This illustrates the fact that optimality is ...
Classifications of prohibited manoeuvre &#x2014; Malaysia road network

Car navigation system (CNS) has become one of the popular accessories among driver in Malaysia. Currently, all CNS components are imported except digital maps that been produce by local map provider referring to document ISO 14825:2011 — Intelligent transport systems — Geographic Data Files (GDF) — GDF 5.0. Even though the document has an intensive guideline but most of it does not suit Malaysia road network. This paper discussing about the type of access restriction and prohibited manoeuvre classification that exists in the Klang Valley road network. Data collection and investigation were done using Sanyo CNS preloaded with 2007 digital maps. A result from the investigation shows that there are six (6) type of prohibited manoeuvre exists in Klang Valley. The intention of this investigation is to incorporate the Malaysia road models with the GDF document so GDF conversion and quality checking tools can be developed according to Malaysia road model. This can avoid an error in CNS maps due to the human operator interfere.
LOCK MECHANISM PRIMARILY FOR STRONGBOXES

The invention is a lock mechanism primarily for strongboxes, with reeling wheels (3), rotating buttons (4), and lock bolt (5), so that the reeling wheel (3) is connected to the lock bolt (5) through a driving unit It is characterized in that it has a ribbed part (17) and a disc case (24) connected to the ribbed part (17) with central cogwheels (18), and the rotating button (4) is located on the ribbed part (17), and the disc case (24) includes a cog disc (37) and a receiving disc (38), and the ribbed part (17) includes an indicator plate (35) and an indicator axis (36), and the cog disc (37) has fitting cogs (39) and at least one shaped cog (40), and the receiving disc (38) has fitting pockets (42) and at least one shaped pocket (43). Only when all cogs fit into the respective pockets the receiving disks (38) can be axially moved towards the cog discs (37) by pressure on the reeling wheel (3), thus a bolt (31) frees the reeling wheel (3) for rotation to drive the lock bolt (5).
The Exchange Control System under Apartheid

ABSTRACTExchange controls were part of a complex system of maintaining some financial stability during apartheid, particularly as the apartheid economic system began to implode, and the macroeconomy deteriorated. The centrepiece of the system was a complex system of multiple exchange rates, with residents and non-resident transactions taking place under different currency regimes, creating at different periods a ‘blocked rand’, a ‘securities rand’, a ‘commercial rand’ and a ‘financial rand’. Exchange controls appear to have assisted the apartheid regime to maintain macroeconomic stability despite other poor policy choices. However, measured in terms of monetary independence and exchange-rate stability, even this was a mixed success. Much like apartheid itself, short-term economic benefits came with severe long-term political, social and economic distortions. Twenty years later, some of the distortions remain, and, indeed, some of the controls. This highlights the need for ongoing reforms to make the post-...
Fast and robust retrieval of Minkowski sums of rotating convex polyhedra in 3-space

We present a novel method for fast retrieval of exact Minkowski sums of pairs of convex polytopes in R3, where one of the polytopes frequently rotates. The algorithm is based on pre-computing a so-called criticality map, which records the changes in the underlying graph-structure of the Minkowski sum, while one of the polytopes rotates. We give tight combinatorial bounds on the complexity of the criticality map when the rotating polytope rotates about one, two, or three axes. The criticality map can be rather large already for rotations about one axis, even for summand polytopes with a moderate number of vertices each. We therefore focus on the restricted case of rotations about a single, though arbitrary, axis.Our work targets applications that require exact collision-detection such as motion planning with narrow corridors and assembly maintenance where high accuracy is required. Our implementation handles all degeneracies and produces exact results. It efficiently handles the algebra of exact rotations about an arbitrary axis in R3, and it well balances between preprocessing time and space on the one hand, and query time on the other.We use Cgal arrangements and in particular the support for spherical Gaussian-maps to efficiently compute the exact Minkowski sum of two polytopes. We conducted several experiments to verify the correctness of the algorithm and its implementation, and to compare its efficiency with an alternative (static) exact method. The results are reported.
Patterns of motivation beliefs: Combining achievement goal and expectancy-value perspectives.

A person-centered approach integrated achievement goal and expectancy-value perspectives and identified patterns of mastery and performance-achievement goals (developing vs. demonstrating competence), task values (beliefs about interest, utility, importance, or opportunity costs), and competence beliefs. Cluster analysis classified 1,870 students (primarily Vietnamese and Latino) taught by 40 teachers in 148 math classrooms in 7 urban middle schools. Seven patterns were identified. In one adaptive pattern, students reported moderate interest in math and a sole focus on mastery goals of developing competence, supporting a traditional perspective on how goals operate. In another, students focused on both developing and demonstrating competence, supporting a multiple goals perspective. Achievement and affect did not differ significantly between these 2 groups, though both fared better than a 3rd cluster focused also on avoiding the demonstration of incompetence. Across all clusters, cost value differentiated more- and less-adaptive patterns of motivation. Integrating goal and value constructs improved prediction of affect and achievement and indicated that linear models may mask complex interactions.