SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Enhancement in ethanol sensing response by surface activation of ZnO with SnO2

Abstract A surface functionalized gas sensing material convincingly giving enhanced response to ethanol is demonstrated by SnO2 activated ZnO. Zinc oxide was synthesized by a chemical route, deposited on an alumina substrate and activated by tin dioxide obtained by on-site oxidation of tin chloride. The XRD study of samples confirmed wurtzite hexagonal structure of zinc oxide and FESEM investigation revealed that surface of activated ZnO microrods was covered by nanoparticles of tin dioxide. Sensing response of sensing elements activated with different concentrations of tin chloride solution has been investigated. It was found that response to ethanol vapor significantly enhanced (eight times) by surface activation with tin dioxide, which optimized at a concentration of 3 wt.%.
Validating c. elegans healthspan model for better understanding factors causing health and disease, to develop evidence based prevention, diagnostic, therapeutic and other strategies.

Healthspan (the life period when one is generally healthy and free from serious disease) depends on nature (genetic make-up) and nurture (environmental influences, from the earliest stages of development throughout life). Genetic studies increasingly reveal mutations and polymorphisms that may affect healthspan. Similarly, claims abound about lifestyle modifications or treatments improving healthspan. In both cases, rigorous testing is hampered by the long lifespan of model organisms like mice (let alone humans) and the difficulty of introducing genetic changes to examine the phenotype of the altered genome. We will develop C. elegans as a healthspan model. Already validated extensively as an ageing model, this organism can be readily modified genetically, and effects of environmental manipulations on healthspan can be measured in days or weeks. Once validated as a healthspan model, it can be used for an initial assessment of preventive and therapeutic measures for humans, as well as for risk identification and the initial evaluation of potential biomarkers. It will also prove useful to study interactions between genetic and various environmental factors.
Fluid injection treatments in subterranean formations stimulated using propellants

Methods and systems for performing injection treatments in subterranean formations stimulated by the ignition of propellants are provided. In some embodiments, the methods comprise: igniting a propellant in one or more secondary boreholes in a subterranean formation to at least partially rupture at least a region of the subterranean formation near the secondary boreholes; introducing a fracturing fluid into a first production well bore in the subterranean formation in or near the ruptured region of the subterranean formation at or above a pressure sufficient to create or enhance at least a primary fracture in the subterranean formation that extends into at least a portion of the ruptured region of the subterranean formation; and introducing a displacement fluid into one or more of the secondary boreholes or an injection well bore in the subterranean formation that comprises one or more fractures penetrating the ruptured region of the subterranean formation.
The role of pitch and temporal diversity in the perception and production of musical sequences

In two experiments we explored how the dimensions of pitch and time contribute to the perception and production of musical sequences. We tested how dimensional diversity (the number of unique categories in each dimension) affects how pitch and time combine. In Experiment 1, 18 musically trained participants rated the complexity of sequences varying only in their diversity in pitch or time; a separate group of 18 pianists reproduced these sequences after listening to them without practice. Overall, sequences with more diversity were perceived as more complex, but pitch diversity influenced ratings more strongly than temporal diversity. Further, although participants perceived sequences with high levels of pitch diversity as more complex, errors were more common in the sequences with higher diversity in time. Sequences in Experiment 2 exhibited diversity in both pitch and time; diversity levels were a subset of those tested in Experiment 1. Again diversity affected complexity ratings and errors, but there were no statistical interactions between dimensions. Nonetheless, pitch diversity was the primary factor in determining perceived complexity, and again temporal errors occurred more often than pitch errors. Additionally, diversity in one dimension influenced error rates in the other dimension in that both error types were more frequent relative to Experiment 1. These results suggest that although pitch and time do not interact directly, they are nevertheless not processed in an informationally encapsulated manner. The findings also align with a dimensional salience hypothesis, in which pitch is prioritised in the processing of typical Western musical sequences.
Barium polyphosphate glasses, from structure to thermochemistry

Abstract In order to understand the effects of BaO addition on the structure and thermochemistry of polyphosphate glasses, a series of vitreous compositions having the formula (100-x)NaPO3-xBaO was investigated with x ranging from 0 to 25 mol%. The glasses were synthesized using the melt quenching technique and reveal a limit of vitrification of 25 mol% of BaO. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and 31P Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance show the depolymerization of the metaphosphate chains, leading to Q1 and Q2 phosphate groups as main structural units together with a smaller average chain length. The substitution of Na2O and P2O5 by BaO increases the density, glass transition and crystallization temperatures indicating the shrinking and reticulation of the polyphosphate network. The enhancement of the chemical durability was related to the strengthening of the glasses towards water attack and the low mobility of the Ba2+ cations. Finally, the microcalorimetric investigations, pursued in 4.5 wt% H3PO4 solution, show a decrease of the dissolution enthalpy. This trend was correlated with the structural modification within the vitreous network and the reduction of the chemical degradability of the glasses.
Community owned and led energy for security climate change and employment

To increase the capacity for community based approaches to local renewable energy provision across Europe in order to reduce carbon emissions, increase energy security and tackle fuel poverty whilst driving ‘Green Growth’.

For this project, community energy is defined as the provision of energy infrastructure, primarily renewable energy generating infrastructure but also energy efficiency measures, led by community groups and owned wholly or partly by local communities typically through the issue of community shares, using local supply chains and providing local employment opportunities, motivated by the objectives of environmental improvement and keeping the value of energy generation within the local population rather than it going to large national and multinational corporations. Although one key aspect of community energy is local community ownership of projects, this does not mean that finance for every development stage of a community energy project is easy to come by, or that the state should not support such projects either through direct or indirect means (grants, loans, expertise or market mechanisms). 

Currently state interventions are skewed towards support of large corporations which offer poor value to local communities, keeping it at a corporate level. The project seeks to increase investment in local community energy investment via support from Structural Fund and ETC programmes. Integrated regional low-carbon strategies need to focus more on community energy investments to reach these targets, but there is currently significant disparity across the member territories in this policy area: where some have none at all, those who do vary substantially in the levels of interventions and stakeholders that they favour and therefore their outcomes, in particular in the share of renewable energy infrastructure owned by communities and supported through the relevant structural fund programmes. COALESSCE aims to address this disparity.
Reactivity of Triruthenium Furyne and Thiophyne Clusters: Multiple Additions of Thiolato and Selenolato Ligands through Oxidative Addition of S–H and Se–H Bonds

Reactions of 50-electron furyne and thiophyne clusters Ru3(CO)7(μ-H)(μ3-η2-C4H2E){μ-P(C4H3E)2}(μ-dppm) (1, 2; E = O, S) with thiols, dithiols, and benzeneselenol leads to the oxidative addition of the E–H bonds followed by concomitant elimination of the alkyne (probably as the alkene) to afford a range of new thiolato and selenolato triruthenium complexes. Addition of PhSH or iPrSH in boiling benzene affords the 48-electron clusters Ru3(CO)5(μ-SR)2{μ-P(C4H3E)2}(μ-dppm)(μ-H) (3–6; E = O, S; R = Ph, iPr) resulting from the addition of 2 equiv of thiol. In contrast, analogous reactions with 1,2-ethanedithiol and 1,3-propanedithiol yield the 50-electron clusters Ru3(CO)3{μ-S(CH2)nS)2{μ-P(C4H3E)2}(μ-dppm)(μ-H) (7–10; E = O, S; n = 2, 3), in which four S–H bonds have been activated. A similar multiple addition reaction is seen upon addition of PhSeH to 1, affording the tetraselenolato complexes Ru3(CO)4(κ1-SePh)(μ-SePh)3{μ-P(C4H3O)2}(μ-dppm)(μ-H) (11) and Ru3(CO)3(μ-SePh)4{μ-P(C4H3O)2}(μ-dppm)(μ-H) (12). Reaction of 2 with PhSeH gave the tetraselenolato complex Ru3(CO)4(κ1-SePh)(μ-SePh)3{μ-P(C4H3S)2}(μ-dppm)(μ-H) (13) together with bis(seleno)-capped Ru3(CO)5{PPh(C4H3S)2}(μ3-Se)2(μ-SePh)2(μ-dppm) (14) resulting from further cleavage of two selenium–carbon bonds and formation of a new carbon–phosphorus bond. The new clusters have been characterized by a combination of analytical and spectroscopic methods, and the molecular structures of 3, 4, 7, 8, and 11 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Complexes 7–10 are examples of 50-electron clusters containing three apparent metal–metal bonds; however, DFT calculations carried out for 7 show that the longest metal–metal interaction of 3.119 A is actually held in place by the bridging thiolato and diphosphine ligands and does not represent a direct metal–metal bonding interaction.
Genomic Approaches to the Study of HIV‐1 Acquisition

Host genome studies are increasingly available for the study of infectious disease susceptibility. Current technologies include large-scale genotyping, genome-wide screens such as transcriptome and silencing (silencing RNA) studies, and increasingly, the possibility to sequence complete genomes. These approaches are of interest for the study of individuals who remain uninfected despite documented exposure to human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The main limitation remains the ascertainment of exposure and establishing large cohorts of informative individuals. The pattern of enrichment for CCR5 Δ32 homozygosis should serve as the standard for assessing the extent to which a given cohort (of white subjects) includes a large proportion of exposed uninfected individuals.
HOMOGENEOUS <i>UGRIZ</i> PHOTOMETRY FOR ACS VIRGO CLUSTER SURVEY GALAXIES: A NON-PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS FROM SDSS IMAGING

We present photometric and structural parameters for 100 ACS Virgo Cluster Survey (ACSVCS) galaxies based on homogeneous, multi-wavelength (ugriz), wide-field SDSS (DR5) imaging. These early-type galaxies, which trace out the red sequence in the Virgo Cluster, span a factor of nearly {approx}10{sup 3} in g-band luminosity. We describe an automated pipeline that generates background-subtracted mosaic images, masks field sources and measures mean shapes, total magnitudes, effective radii, and effective surface brightnesses using a model-independent approach. A parametric analysis of the surface brightness profiles is also carried out to obtain Sersic-based structural parameters and mean galaxy colors. We compare the galaxy parameters to those in the literature, including those from the ACSVCS, finding good agreement in most cases, although the sizes of the brightest, and most extended, galaxies are found to be most uncertain and model dependent. Our photometry provides an external measurement of the random errors on total magnitudes from the widely used Virgo Cluster Catalog, which we estimate to be {sigma}(B{sub T}){approx} 0.13 mag for the brightest galaxies, rising to {approx} 0.3 mag for galaxies at the faint end of our sample (B{sub T} {approx} 16). The distribution of axial ratios of low-mass ('dwarf') galaxies bears a strong resemblancemore » to the one observed for the higher-mass ('giant') galaxies. The global structural parameters for the full galaxy sample-profile shape, effective radius, and mean surface brightness-are found to vary smoothly and systematically as a function of luminosity, with unmistakable evidence for changes in structural homology along the red sequence. As noted in previous studies, the ugriz galaxy colors show a nonlinear but smooth variation over a {approx}7 mag range in absolute magnitude, with an enhanced scatter for the faintest systems that is likely the signature of their more diverse star formation histories.« less
DATABASE GENERATION METHOD AND APPARATUS, ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND MEDIUM

The present application provides a database generation method and apparatus, an electronic device and a medium. The method includes: acquiring an image of a Chinese character; determining, based on the image of the Chinese character, elementary components contained in the Chinese character and positions of the elementary components in the image of the Chinese character; determining position codes corresponding to the positions of the elementary components; and storing the elementary components and the corresponding position codes thereof in a corresponding manner to obtain a component library of a database. Thus, the difficulty of generating the database is reduced.
Correcting thrombin generation ex vivo using different haemostatic agents following cardiac surgery requiring the use of cardiopulmonary bypass

Recently, lower thrombin generation has been associated with excess bleeding post-cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Therefore, treatment to correct thrombin generation is a potentially important aspect of management of bleeding in this group of patients. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of fresh frozen plasma (FFP), recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa), prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) inhibition on thrombin generation when added ex vivo to the plasma of patients who had undergone cardiac surgery requiring CPB. Patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery were recruited. Blood samples were collected before administration of heparin and 30 min after its reversal. Thrombin generation was measured in the presence and absence of different concentrations of FFP, rFVIIa, PCC and an anti-TFPI antibody. A total of 102 patients were recruited. Thrombin generation following CPB was lower compared with pre-CPB (median endogenous thrombin potential pre-CPB 339 nmol/l per min, post-CPB 155 nmol/l per min, P < 0.0001; median peak thrombin pre-CPB 35 nmol/l, post-CPB 11 nmol/l, P < 0.0001). Coagulation factors and anticoagulants decreased, apart from total TFPI, which increased (55-111 ng/ml, P < 0.0001), and VWF (144-170 IU/dl, P < 0.0001). Thrombin generation was corrected to pre-CPB levels by the equivalent of 15 ml/kg FFP, 45 μg/kg rFVIIa and 25 U/kg of PCC. Inhibition of TFPI resulted in an enhancement of thrombin generation significantly beyond pre-CPB levels. This study shows that FFP, rFVIIa, PCC and inhibition of TFPI correct thrombin generation in the plasma of patients who have undergone surgery requiring CPB. Inhibition of TFPI may be a further potential therapeutic strategy for managing bleeding in this group of patients.
Synthesis and characterization of different morphological SnS nanomaterials

SnS in three nano forms possessing different morphologies such as particles, whiskers and ribbons were synthesised by chemical route. The morphology variation was brought about in the chemical route synthesis by varying a synthesis parameter such as temperature and influencing the synthesis by use of surfactant. The elemental composition determination by energy dispersive analysis of x-rays (EDAX) showed that all three synthesized SnS nanomaterials were tin deficient. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) study of the three SnS nanomaterials showed that all of them possess orthorhombic structure. The Raman spectra of the three SnS nanomaterials showed that all three samples possess three common distinguishable peaks. In them two peaks lying at 98 ± 1 cm−1 and 224 ± 4 cm−1 are the characteristic Ag mode of SnS. The third peak lying at 302 ± 1 cm−1 is associated with secondary Sn2S3 phase. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the respective morphologies. The optical analysis showed that they possess direct as well as indirect optical bandgap. The electrical transport properties study on the pellets prepared from the different nanomaterials of SnS showed them to be semiconducting and p-type in nature. The current–voltage (I–V) plots of the silver (Ag)/SnS nanomaterials pellets for dark and incandescent illumination showed that all configurations showed good ohmic behaviour except Ag/SnS nanoribbons pellet configuration under illumination. All the obtained results are discussed in detail.
Non-Hermitian quantum wave engineering

The concept of parity-time (PT)-symmetry is extensively studied now owing to the ubiquitous applications within the fields of optics, photonics, and plasmonics. Among the many recent developments in PT-systems, the application of pseudo-Hermitian ideas not only promises a new generation of photonic and plasmonic components such as lasers, spasers, modulators, waveguides, and detectors, but also opens new avenues for innovative electronics architectures for signal manipulation from integrated circuits to antenna arrays, and allows for direct contact with cutting edge technological problems appearing in (nano)-antenna theory, split-ring resonator arrays, and metamaterials. More recently, potential applications have also been proposed in connection with magnetic and acoustic structures. 
 The research activity we propose to carry out is focused on the theoretical and experimental study of the relation between the phase transitions in condensed matter physics and in photonics. The analogies between these two different fields will be crucial for the generation of novel optical devices that operate around exceptional points (EP). 
 To address these problems, our project NHQWAVE (Non-Hermitian Quantum WAVe Engineering) will build up a team of researchers with a broad set of skills and abilities specializing in the theoretical and experimental investigation of pseudo-Hermitian systems enabling them to explore and develop new concepts and technologies. The project will be carried out by several groups in four countries with a broad range of expertise in quantum physics and optics. The proposed research activities focus on the following five topics of current interest: Symmetry breaking and exceptional points in complex lasers, superconducting quantum metamaterials, asymmetric wave and topological phenomena in non-hermitian lattices, computational methods for non-hermitian optics, as well as nonlinearity and non-hermiticity in complex photonic media.
Canonical Method Names for Java

Programmers rely on the conventional meanings of method names when writing programs. However, these conventional meanings are implicit and vague, leading to various forms of ambiguity. This is problematic since it hurts the readability and maintainability of programs. Java programmers would benefit greatly from a more well-defined vocabulary. Identifying synonyms in the vocabulary of verbs used in method names is a step towards this goal. By rooting the meaning of verbs in the semantics of a large number of methods taken from real-world Java applications, we find that such synonyms can readily be identified. To support our claims, we demonstrate automatic identification of synonym candidates. This could be used as a starting point for a manual canonicalisation process, where redundant verbs are eliminated from the vocabulary.
Are Banner Advertisements in Online Games Effective?

Advertising in online games has grown considerably in recent years and is expected to see continued expansion (Cauberghe and DePelsmacker 2010). However, the literature suggests that banner advertisements in games are sometimes ineffective, often being seen as annoying and potentially triggering avoidance behavior. Because of the possibility of avoidance it is important to examine whether gamers have implicit memory of banner ads even if they don't explicitly recall them. The experiment conducted here measures both explicit and implicit memory of a banner ad in an advergame to assess whether and how well the game players exposed to the ad remembered it. Results suggest that a high proportion of the gamers exposed to the ads did have explicit and implicit memory of the messages shown. Moreover, gamers who were high achievers reported a higher level of implicit memory than those who were less effective at playing games, suggesting that these ads can be remembered despite a high level of concentration on the...
A Methodology for Engineering Design Change Management Using Modelling and Problem Solving Techniques

The importance of design change management in engineering product development has been widely reported. However, most research focuses on the engineering change in the manufacturing phase, the later phase of product development. In this paper, a reference model for design change management has been proposed. A modelling method is employed to enhance the traceability of changes occurring between the functional model and the structural model. A matrix based method has been developed to capture change propagations at the structural level and the parametric level of product design. A structural method of change propagation analysis and change impact evaluation has been developed. Finally, conclusions are drawn and scope for further work of this research is indicated.
BRACKET

A bracket for securing together a plurality of elements, and suitable for mounting a baluster rail element upon a newel post element in a staircase construction, utilises rectangular bracket arm plates (11, 12) for the respective elements (30, 40), coupled together at a variable relative orientation (20), by a cooperative interfitting lug (26) and aperture configuration (15, 16)-over which they may be secured together by securing the individual plates to their respective elements. <IMAGE>
Inflation expectations and the recovery from the Great Depression in Germany

Abstract A regime shift toward increased inflation expectations is credited with jump-starting the recovery from the Great Depression in the United States. What role did inflation expectations play in Germany that experienced a similarly successful economic upturn in the 1930s? We study inflation expectations in the German recovery across several methods: we conduct a narrative study of media sources; we estimate inflation expectations from a factor-augmented vector autoregression model, real interest rate forecasts, and quantitative news series. Consistently across these approaches, we do not find a shift to increased expected inflation. This recovery was different, and its causes lie elsewhere.