SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Neutron spectroscopy with a spherical proportional counter for precision measurements in deep-underground laboratories

The concept of neutron spectroscopy dates back to neutron discovery in 1932. Despite several attempts towards an efficient neutron spectroscopy system, such measurements remain cumbersome and detailed neutron spectra are sparse both in scientific laboratories and industrial sites. To-date the most widely used method relies on the 3He(n,p)3H reaction, which - however - is more well suited for thermal neutrons and is particularly expensive, given that 3He is scarce. All existing alternatives are plagued by major disadvantages: toxic/corrosive gases, poor efficiency, limited radiation hardness, degraded energy resolution. 
The neutronSPHERE project will provide a unique alternative to 3He-based detectors for neutron spectroscopy by using the Spherical Proportional Counter (SPC), a high-gain large-volume gaseous detector, filled with a nitrogen-based mixture. The detection principle exploits the 14 N(n, α )B11 and 14 N(n, p)C14 processes, and exhibits all major advantages of 3He-based detectors, and goes beyond that to provide fast neutron spectroscopy at an affordable price. This breakthrough is enabled by novel developments in SPC instrumentation that the host has played a key role in demonstrating. 
The capabilities of the developed neutron spectroscopy system will be demonstrated in two application: Firstly, neutronSPHERE will provide the first high precision measurements of the neutron background spectrum in underground facilities. These will provide a unique insight and will immediately inform direct searches for Dark Matter. Then, neutronSPHERE will measure in situ the neutron-induced dose during proton therapy treatments, which is a crucial element in hadron therapy treatment and planning.
Potential Hazard Due to Induced Radioactivity Secondary to Radiotherapy

External-beam radiation therapy mostly uses high-energy photons (x-rays) produced by medical accelerators, but many facilities now use proton beams, and a few use fast-neutron beams. High-energy photons offer several advantages over lower-energy photons in terms of better dose distributions for deep-seated tumors, lower skin dose, less sensitivity to tissue heterogeneities, etc. However, for beams operating at or above 10 MV, some of the materials in the accelerator room and the radiotherapy patient become radioactive due primarily to photonuclear reactions and neutron capture, exposing therapy staff and patients to unwanted radiation dose. Some recent advances in radiotherapy technology require treatments using a higher number of monitor units and monitor-unit rates for the same delivered dose, and compared to the conventional treatment techniques and fractionation schemes, the activation dose to personnel can be substantially higher. Radiotherapy treatments with proton and neutron beams all result in activated materials in the treatment room. In this report, the authors review critically the published literature on radiation exposures from induced radioactivity in radiotherapy. They conclude that the additional exposure to the patient due to induced radioactivity is negligible compared to the overall radiation exposure as a part of the treatment. The additional exposure to the staff due to induced activity from photon beams is small at an estimated level of about 1 to 2 mSv y. This is well below the allowed occupational exposure limits. Therefore, the potential hazard to staff from induced radioactivity in the use of high-energy x-rays is considered to be low, and no specific actions are considered necessary or mandatory. However, in the spirit of the "As Low as Reasonably Achievable (ALARA)" program, some reasonable steps are recommended that can be taken to reduce this small exposure to an even lower level. The dose reduction strategies suggested should be followed only if these actions are considered reasonable and practical in the individual clinics. Therapists working with proton beam and neutron beam units handle treatment devices that do become radioactive, and they should wear extremity monitors and make handling apertures and boluses their last task upon entering the room following treatment. Personnel doses from neutron-beam units can approach regulatory limits depending on the number of patients and beams, and strategies to reduce doses should be followed.
Exploration of decaying dark matter in a left-right symmetric model

$SU(2)_L$ triplet scalars appear in models motivated for the left-right symmetry, neutrino masses and dark matter (DM), etc.. If the triplets are the main decay products of the DM particle, and carry nonzero lepton numbers, they may decay dominantly into lepton pairs, which can naturally explain the current experimental results reported by PAMELA and Fermi-LAT or ATIC. We discuss this possibility in an extended left-right symmetric model in which the decay of DM particle is induced by tiny soft charge-conjugation ($C$) violating interactions, and calculate the spectra for cosmic-ray positrons, neutrinos and gamma-rays. We show that the DM signals in the flux of high energy neutrinos can be significantly enhanced, as the triplets couple to both charged leptons and neutrinos with the same strength. In this scenario, the predicted neutrino-induced muon flux can be several times larger than the case in which DM particle only directly decays into charged leptons. In addition, the charged components of the triplet may give an extra contribution to the high energy gamma-rays through internal bremsstrahlung process, which depends on the mass hierarchy between the DM particle and the triplet scalars.
Discussing the advances in the characterization of the cortical involvement in speech and hearing perception using magneto‐ and electro‐encephalography.

Magneto‐ and electro‐encephalography (M/EEG) are neuroimaging techniques that provide us with the high‐temporal resolution particularly suitable to investigate the brain network involved in speech and hearing perception. In many of these studies, data are either interpreted at the sensor level (based on the magnetic/electric field recorded on the scalp) or at the cortical level (after making a judicious choice of the appropriate source modeling technique). There are unique challenges associated with each of these approaches in terms of data processing and, ultimately, making appropriate statistical inferences to illuminate the underlying neural mechanisms associated with the task under investigation. In this talk, the different technical challenges tackled in each of the studies presented in this session will be highlighted. Other methodological advances that are particularly relevant to experiments in the speech and hearing sciences will also be discussed.
COMPOSITIONS FOR TREATING NITROGEN CONTAINING ORGANIC WASTES

A composition for treatment and composting of nitrogen containing organic wastes, in particular manure, comprising (a) sodium bentonite; (b) organic polyprotic acid(s); (c) iron(II)sulfate; and (d) alkaline mineral(s).
NEEDLE MONITORING DEVICE FOR CIRCULAR KNITTING MACHINES

1350512 Knitting machines E SICK [trading as ERWIN SICK] 24 Feb 1972 8597/72 Heading D1C A needle monitoring device for circular knitting machines comprises a needle counting device which produces a different signal according to whether a preset number has been reached or not and a feeler 2 for detecting the start and finish of a machine revolution, which signal, combined with the signal indicating that the preset number has not been reached, produces a warning signal. Feeler 2 delivers a signal 'O' during each revolution interrupted by a signal 'L' at the moment between revolutions. Photoelectric leads 3, 4 detect the rib and cylinder needles and the impulses resulting are counted by counter 5 which emit a signal 'L' until it reaches a total corresponding to the total number of needles which should be present in the machine when it emits a signal 'O'. The signals are combined by an AND-gate.
Implementation, capabilities, and benchmarking of Shift, a massively parallel Monte Carlo radiation transport code

This work discusses the implementation, capabilities, and validation of Shift, a massively parallel Monte Carlo radiation transport package authored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Shift has been developed to scale well from laptops to small computing clusters to advanced supercomputers and includes features such as support for multiple geometry and physics engines, hybrid capabilities for variance reduction methods such as the Consistent Adjoint-Driven Importance Sampling methodology, advanced parallel decompositions, and tally methods optimized for scalability on supercomputing architectures. The scaling studies presented in this paper demonstrate good weak and strong scaling behavior for the implemented algorithms. Shift has also been validated and verified against various reactor physics benchmarks, including the Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors' Virtual Environment for Reactor Analysis criticality test suite and several Westinghouse AP1000 ® problems presented in this paper. These benchmark results compare well to those from other contemporary Monte Carlo codes such as MCNP5 and KENO.
Microfoundations in international relations

Many of our theories of international politics rely on microfoundations. In this short note, I suggest that although there has been increasing interest in microfoundations in international relations (IR) over the past 20 years, the frequency with which the concept is invoked belies a surprising lack of specificity about what microfoundations are, or explicit arguments about why we should study them. I then offer an argument about the value of micro-level approaches to the study of conflict. My claim is not that all theories of IR need to be developed or tested at the micro-level in order to be satisfying, but rather, that many of our theories in IR already rest on lower-level mechanisms—they either leave these assumptions unarticulated or fail to test them directly. In these circumstances, theorizing and testing micro-level dynamics will be especially helpful. I illustrate my argument using the case of resolve, one of the central explanatory variables in the study of international security. I argue that the absence of microfoundations for resolve is one reason why IR scholars have had difficulties testing whether resolve has the effects we often claim, and sketch out a two-stage research design political scientists can use to study unobservable phenomena.
Capital, ressource ou problème ? L’âge de la jeunesse dans les politiques d’emploi au Canada, au Québec et en France

Malgré son apparente neutralité chronologique, l’âge reste une construction sociale et étatique. L’usage de l’âge dans l’action publique ne peut pas se réduire à une simple mesure démographique ou budgétaire. En effet, à travers ses mesures et ses classements, l’âge bâtit des représentations sociales dans les catégories de la population et dans les normes liées aux stades de la vie. Cet article compare la manière dont les politiques d’emploi jeunesse menées pendant une quinzaine d’années dans différents contextes font émerger des représentations spécifiques de l’âge de la jeunesse, de son rôle sur le marché du travail ou dans l’économie et de la fonction de l’aide publique à son égard. Les résultats permettent d’identifier différentes logiques de régulation de l’âge de la jeunesse au sein des programmes visant soit à former et à qualifier la jeunesse en tant que capital pour l’économie, soit à activer individuellement la jeunesse en tant que ressource sociale, soit, enfin, à insérer les jeunes pour résoudre leurs difficultés, considérées comme un problème présent pour le marché du travail. Les résultats sont issus d’une analyse documentaire (descriptive et sémantique) de plus de 80 politiques et programmes d’emploi jeunesse au Canada, au Québec et en France. Cette analyse est complétée par l’analyse interprétative d’entretiens semi-directifs avec des coordonnateurs des principales politiques dans chaque contexte. Une approche cognitive est mobilisée pour l’étude des politiques d’emploi jeunesse, souvent analysées uniquement à partir de descriptions de programmes ou de conditions socioéconomiques.
Reproducibility and differences between cirrus and spectralis fourier‐domain OCT in epiretinal membranes

Purpose To evaluate the ability of Fourier-domain (FD) OCT to detect retinal alterations in epiretinal membrane (ERM) eyes. To test the intra-session reproducibility of macular thickness measurements in ERM and healthy subjects using Cirrus and Spectralis OCT.



Methods Two hundred and nine of 209 subjects (87 ERM patients and 122 healthy subjects) underwent three macular scans by the same experienced examiner using Cirrus and Spectralis OCT . Differences between healthy and ERM eyes were studied. The relationship between average thicknesses with both instruments was evaluated. Repeatability was studied by intra-class correlation coefficients and coefficients of variation (COV) for the nine areas corresponding to the ETDRS.



Results Macular thickness increase was detected in ERM eyes for all OCT parameters (p<0.05). Macular average thickness was 338.45 and 431.99 µm in ERM eyes using Cirrus and Spectralis, respectively. Changes in the morphology of the retinal layers were detected using both OCTs. Macular average thickness in ERM eyes as determined by both OCTs was correlated (r= 0.678; p<0.001), but differences were statistically significant (p=0.044). In ERM eyes, measurements showed a mean COV of 2.96% using Cirrus, 2.21% using Spectralis and 0.99% using Spectralis progression feature. Intra-class correlation coefficients were higher than 0.919.



Conclusion Significant differences exist in macular thickness measurements between Cirrus and Spectralis despite the high correlation of measurements between the two instruments. Fourier-domain OCT can be considered a valid device to detect alterations in ERM patients.
METALLIC REINFORCING CORD FOR TYRES FOR VEHICLE WHEELS

The invention relates to a metallic reinforcing cord (10) for tyres for vehicle wheels, comprising: - a) a plurality of metallic wires (11) twisted to one another with a single twisting pitch (P), or - b) a single metallic wire twisted with at least one second metallic wire with a single twisting pitch, or - c) a plurality of first metallic wires twisted to one another with a first twisting pitch to define a first strand of metallic wires and at least one second metallic wire twisted with said first strand of metallic wires with a second twisting pitch equal to or different from the first twisting pitch. The metallic reinforcing cord (10) has a part load elongation greater than or equal to 1%.
Generalized operational flexibility for integrating renewables in the distribution grid

The GOFLEX project will innovate, integrate, further develop and demonstrate a group of electricity smart-grid technologies, enabling the cost-effective use of demand response in distribution grids, increasing the grids’ available adaptation capacity and safely supporting an increasing share of renewable electricity generation. The GOFLEX smart grid solution will deliver flexibility that is both general (across different loads and devices) and operational (solving specific local grid problems). GOFLEX enables active use of distributed sources of load flexibility to provide services for grid operators, balance electricity demand and supply, and optimize energy consumption and production at the local level of  electricity trading and distribution systems. Building on top of existing, validated technologies for capturing and exploiting distributed energy consumption and production flexibility, GOFLEX enables flexibility in automatic trading of general, localized, device-specific energy as well as flexibility in trading aggregated prosumer energy. Generalized demand-response services are based on transparent aggregation of distributed, heterogeneous resources to offer virtual-power-plant and virtual-storage capabilities. The sources of load flexibility include thermal (heating/cooling) and electric storage (electric vehicles charging/discharging). A backbone data-services platform offers localised estimation and short-term predictions of market and energy demand/generation, and flexibility in order to support effective data-driven decisions for the various stakeholders. Smart-grid technologies, such as increased observability and congestion management, contribute to the platform. 
Over 36 months, GOFLEX will demonstrate the benefits of the integrated GOFLEX solution in three use-cases, covering a diverse range of structural and operational distribution grid conditions in three European countries.
Transition element

The transmission piece consists of a hard connecting bush (1) with threads (8) on the inside and/or outside, with a plastic connecting bush (2) connected to it by an extension (3) fitting in a corresponding recess. There are shoulders (4, 5) on the inside and/or the outside of the extension, with a projection (6) on the plastic bush fitting into a recess in the hard bush.
Information processing device, program, and information processing method

There is provided an information processing device including a display control section which causes a three-dimensional space in which an object is arranged to be displayed on a display screen, an acquisition section which acquires a pointing operation in the three-dimensional space, and a position setting section which sets a pointing position in the three-dimensional space on the basis of the pointing operation. The display control section displays the pointing position in the three-dimensional space, a difference of the pointing position from a position of the object in a depth direction of the display screen having been corrected.
Predicting SNAP Participation in Older Adults: Do Age Categorizations Matter?

Prior, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) research reveals limited age cohort analyses that may not accurately reflect nuanced age differences in SNAP participation. The purpose of this study was to add depth to older age analysis and SNAP participation via four models of age categorizations. This secondary data analysis used a sample of 10,116 older adults from the 2010 Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, and physical factors, logistic regression tested four age categorization models: Third-Age and Fourth-Age groupings; young-old, middle-old, and oldest old groupings; generic decade cohorts; and continuous age. Hypotheses for each model predicted older age as negative to SNAP participation. Significant predictors of SNAP participation included female gender; non-White, non-Hispanic, and Hispanic ethnicities; lower household income; inadequate food budget; and difficulty in self-dressing. Odds ratios confirmed age as a negative factor to SNAP partic...
A 2.7-mW 145dB-SQNR sigma delta modulator

A high resolution low power sigma delta modulator for analog to digital conversion (ADC) over 20 KHz range is presented. The modulator consists of a fourth order design operating at a baseband frequency of 20 KHz with an oversampling ratio (OSR) of 256. A continuous time active RC loop filter based design is implemented, which achieves a Signal to Quantization Noise Ratio (SQNR) of 145dB leading to a 24 bit resolution of the ADC. A very low power consumption of 2.7 mW at a supply voltage of 1.8V is achieved in 0.18micron CMOS technology. A CIFB topology is chosen to implement the modulator which supports stable operation at large resolution.
Resource protection, management and promotion of ecological awareness for the sustainable exploitation of edible Herbs and Spices

The goal of the project PROHERBS is to build indissoluble linkages among ecological conservation, sustainable development and environmental awareness in the Mediterranean region by promoting cooperative actions based on the exploitation of natural resources. To achieve this goal indigenous edible herbs and spices will be studied. Herbs and spices form an integral part of the Mediterranean diet. Apart from culinary applications, they often have a cultural significance or even medical and medicinal uses. However, many of these are endangered, usually due to over-exploitation, destructive harvesting techniques and habitat loss and alteration often related to the construction of new infrastructures which pay little or no attention to the biodiversity of these species. In this respect, the project will focus on the collection of the botanological, historical, gastronomical, medical and medicinal information of the herbs and spices found in Western Greece and Southern Italy and identify a range of natural herbs and spices that have a market potential. On the selected range, a more detailed investigation will be performed, involving a meticulous botanological survey, chemical analysis of their active substances as well as the constituents of their habitats, in order to identify the factors influencing their quality and put into practice their cultivation, harvesting, and protection for their sustainable commercial exploitation. In order achieve this goal all necessary actions for their quality control and certification as high quality biological products will be conducted. A market analysis study will identify the needs, procedures and means (e.g. packaging, collection and storage, marketing, certification etc) for their exploitation by all communities involved. The project will place a strong emphasis on actions of public environmental awareness by targeting on the wider community involving schools, municipalities, the farming community, agricultural organizations, local communities and regional authorities by undertaking actions of training, informing the general public and the authorities, through a wide range of seminars, events and usage of ICT technologies. These will aim to instigate the public and private sector and provide the framework for the sustainable market exploitation of ecological resources using improved products of natural productivity. To activate the local communities the overall effort of public awareness will be built on the already sensitive attitude of the public with regards to environmental conservation and economic sustainability and instigate the biological cultivation of these plants through subsequent financial support actions for herb producers co-funded by national authorities and specifically oriented programs of the European Community (Leader program).
Method and device for evisceration of carcasses

The invention relates to a method for the evisceration of carcasses conveyed on a slaughter line suspended in gambrels or hooks, where the abdomen and breast have been cut open, the hams divided and the fat end loosened, and wherein the carcass intestines are loosened, removed and placed on a gut pan or conveyor, the diaphragm is loosened and the plucks are removed and placed on a plucks conveyor. In loosening of the intestines, the connections of the intestines with the spinal column are broken, so that the intestines are made to hang out of the abdominal cavity. The diaphragm and leaf fat are loosened mechanically while the intestines are hanging out of the carcass and are connected to the plucks. The latter loosening is effected by a pressing device (5) and a hoop device (6) which can be moved independent of each other in the lengthways direction of the carcass. By means of the method, the intestines and plucks can be removed as a set of organs from the carcass and are subsequently separated, providing hygienic advantages. Alternatively separation may be carried out after the connection between the intestines and the plucks has been pulled out of the carcass and before the connection of the plucks with, for instance, the head, has been broken. The diaphragm and leaf fat are removed from the carcass along with the organs. <IMAGE>