SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
The relationship between inflation and Economic growth in Zambia (1980-2011)

The study on the relationship between economic growth and inflation has attracted attention world over by researchers and policy makers. A high and sustained economic growth with low and stable inflation is the central objective of most policy makers. However, previous studies on the relationship between inflation and economic growth have revealed the complexity of this subject. These studies show that there might be no relationship, there might be a negative relationship or there might be a positive relationship between inflation and economic growth. Other studies further show that these variables might be related either in the short-run or long-run or both, with no consensus on the direction of causality. Therefore, the ambiguity of the relationship between inflation and economic growth as portrayed in both theory and empirical studies warrants an investigation into this matter in the context of Zambia. This is further qualified by the fact that, there is no study that depicts the exact relationship between these two variables in the context of Zambia for the period under study and years earlier.
The main purpose of this study is to ascertain the nature of the relationship between inflation and economic growth in Zambia. In doing so, the study seeks to unravel the short-run and long-run dynamics between inflation and economic growth as well as establishing the nature of causality. The study reviews both theoretical and empirical aspects of inflation-economic growth relationship. Time series analysis involving stationarity tests, cointegration tests, Granger causality tests and vector autoregressive analysis (VAR) are employed. Growth in the logarithm of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) is used to measure inflation and growth in real GDP as a measure of economic growth to examine the relationship. The study covers a period from 1980 to 2011 and the data is used as annual time series.
The study finds no cointegration between inflation and economic growth. The non-existence of cointegration implies that there is no stable long-run equilibrium relationship between inflation and economic growth. They have different trend processes and cannot stay in a fixed long-run relationship. However, the VAR analysis reveals that inflation significantly and negatively impacts economic growth in the short-run. The study further reveals that there is unidirectional Granger causality running from inflation to economic growth. These results concur with several studies reviewed; that inflation is and has been detrimental to economic growth. Impulse response analysis also shows that a one-standard-deviation shock in inflation changes GDP growth by about one percentage point in the current period.
One important policy implication of our study is that, by knowing the past values of GDP, we cannot predict what inflation rate will be in future. On the contrary, the past values of inflation help predict future rate of GDP. Furthermore, having established that it is inflation that causes GDP and this happens in a negative way, policy makers…
Characterization and modelling of dislocation-interface interactions in metallic laminates at multiple scales

The global market will increase from $11 billion in 2012 to $22.5 billion in 2018 for micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS), and from $1.9 billion in 2012 to $6.6 billion in 2018 for BioMEMS. Recently, metallic nanolaminates have attracted application as mechanical parts in MEMS and BioMEMS manufacturing. This is due to their superior properties, i.e. large flow strength, high indentation hardness, excellent ductility, good radiation damage resistance, qualified electrical/magnetic response, and promising fatigue/failure resistance. In order to address the performance of metallic nanolaminates and to reduce materials’ failure and cost under different service conditions, better analysis/predictive tools are required for dislocation-interface interactions. The improved analysis/predictive tools will allow designing more advanced nanolaminate materials. However, to develop such analysis/predictive tools, it entails (a) in-depth understanding of the physical mechanisms behind dislocation-interface interactions, (b) accurate in-situ mechanical testing data at different length scales from micro- to nanometers, and (c) efficient numerical modelling to predict dislocation-interface interactions. Through this Marie Skłodowska-Curie action, we will contribute significantly towards improving these analysis/predictive tools from two aspects, including (i) providing the scientific knowledge behind dislocation-interface interactions, and (ii) establishing improved numerical models to predict dislocation-interface failure during service. Meanwhile, the new advanced nanolaminate materials with enhanced properties will also be proposed based on the generated knowledge. In addition, the researcher and the host organization will benefit from the two-way transfer of knowledge between them.
What Cruising Infants Understand about Support for Locomotion

"Cruising" infants can only walk using external support to augment their balance. We examined cruisers' understanding of support for upright locomotion under four conditions: cruising over a wooden handrail at chest height, a large gap in the handrail, a wobbly unstable handrail, and an ill positioned low handrail. Infants distinguished among the support properties of the handrails with differential attempts to cruise and handrail-specific forms of haptic exploration and gait modifications. They consistently attempted the wood handrail, rarely attempted the gap, and occasionally attempted the low and wobbly handrails. On the wood and gap handrails, attempt rates matched the probability of cruising successfully; but on the low and wobbly handrails, attempt rates under- and over-estimated the probability of success, respectively. Haptic exploration was most frequent and varied on the wobbly handrail, and gait modifications-including previously undocumented "knee cruising"-were most frequent and effective on the low handrail. Results are discussed in terms of developmental changes in the meaning of support.
Coordination of regional dopamine release in the striatum during habit formation and compulsive behaviour

The basal ganglia consist of a set of neuroanatomical structures that participate in the representation and execution of action sequences. Dopamine neurotransmission in the striatum, the main input nucleus of the basal ganglia, is a fundamental mechanism involved in learning and regulation of such actions. The striatum has multiple functional units, where the limbic striatum is thought to mediate motivational aspects of actions (e.g., goal-directedness) and the sensorimotor striatum their automation (e.g., habit formation). A long-standing question in the field is how limbic and sensorimotor domains communicate with each other, and specifically if they do so during the automation of action sequences. It has been suggested that such coordination is implemented by reciprocal loop connections between striatal projection neurons and the dopaminergic midbrain. Although very influential in theory the effectiveness of this limbic-sensorimotor “bridging” principle has yet to be verified. I hypothesize that during the automation of behaviour regional dopamine signalling is governed by a striatal hierarchy and that dysregulation of this coordination leads to compulsive execution of automatic actions characteristic of several psychiatric disorders. To test this hypothesis, we will conduct electrochemical measurements with real-time resolution simultaneously in limbic and sensorimotor striatum to assess the regional coordination of dopamine release in behaving animals. We developed novel chronically implantable electrodes to enable monitoring of dopamine dynamics throughout the development of habitual behaviour and its compulsive execution in transgenic rats - a species suitable for our complex behavioural assays. Novel rabies virus-mediated gene delivery for in vivo optogenetics in these rats will give us the unique opportunity to test whether specific loop pathways govern striatal dopamine transmission and are causally involved in habit formation and compulsive behaviour.
Tectonic transition from a compressional to extensional metallogenic environment at ∼120 Ma revealed in the Hushan gold deposit, Jiaodong, North China Craton

Abstract The world-class giant gold province (>4000 t) in the Jiaodong Peninsula has attracted global attention and extensive studies for decades. However, most of the works have been focused on the western Zhaoyuan-Laizhou and eastern Muping-Rushan gold metallogenic belt, leaving the middle Penglai-Qixia belt largely unexplored. The Hushan gold deposit in the Penglai-Qixia belt shows a unique two-stage gold mineralization, i.e., an early-stage pyrite-sericite-quartz altered-rock type mineralization and a late-stage pyrite-pyrrhotite vein type mineralization. Hydrothermal monazite coexisting with Au-bearing pyrite is observed in the early-stage mineralization. The widespread “circular zoned” metasomatic relict structures indicate that monazite was formed by the strong interaction between (Ca, P, REE)-rich fluids and feldspars (plagioclase and K-feldspar). Therefore obtained in-situ U-Pb age of 120.0 ± 3.1 Ma for the “pure” monazite without mineral inclusions (such as feldspars) can represent the timing of the early-stage gold mineralization. The in-situ monazite e Nd (t) (t = 120 Ma) values vary from −20.6 to −18.4, well corresponding to Nd isotopes of the late Jurassic Linglong granite. It is inferred that the REE-rich components in the ore-forming fluids were extracted during the process of primary mineralizing fluids passing through the lower Linglong granite body, and that the Nd isotopic compositions were altered due to the strong fluid-rock interaction. In this regard, Linglong granite contributes some ore-forming materials to the mineralizing fluids during fluid-rock interaction. The early-stage altered-rock type gold mineralization indicates a compressional (closed) ore-forming system, whereas the late-stage pyrite-pyrrhotite vein type mineralization and the occurrences of fracture, geode and hole in the ore samples reflect an extensional (open) ore-forming system. The presence of barite and magnetite in the late-stage mineralization also suggests an increase of oxidation state during the process. Furthermore, pyrites in the late stage generally have lower δ 34 S values (5.69–6.98‰, av. = 6.47‰) than pyrites in the early stage (δ 34 S values = 7.06–7.85‰, av. = 7.42‰), which can also be well explained by the increase of oxidation state. Therefore, the Hushan gold deposit uniquely records a metallogenic environmental transition from compressional, reduced to extensional, oxidized at ∼120 Ma. In addition, the mineralizing fluids with higher oxidation state in the late-stage is supposed to superimpose on the early-stage mineralization, dissolve and rework previously crystalized pyrite to form the high-grade gold mineralization. Unlike the gold deposits in the western and eastern belts, the Hushan gold deposit temporally preserves two types of mineralization in one single deposit, as a response to regional stress field transition.
Balancing unit of a motor vehicle and method for controlling same

To reduce the complexity and the outlay involved in the development and implementation in a vehicle of systems and methods known from the prior art for operating a differential-free, clutch-controlled balancing unit having a first clutch and a second clutch, the invention provides for the first clutch and the second clutch to be controlled independently of the driving conditions, and always using the same variable controlled variable of the same value.
Tamoxifen use for the management of mania: a review of current preclinical evidence

Preliminary data on the efficacy of tamoxifen in reducing manic symptoms of bipolar disorder (BD) suggest that this agent may be a potential treatment for the management of this psychiatric disorder. However, the antimanic properties of tamoxifen have not been fully elucidated, hampering the development and/or use of mood-stabilising drugs that may share its same therapeutic mechanisms of action. Notably, we may gain a greater understanding of the neurobiological and therapeutic properties of tamoxifen by using suitable animal models of mania.Here, we review the preclinical studies that have evaluated the effects of tamoxifen to provide an overview of the current progress in our understanding of its antimanic actions, highlighting the critical role of protein kinase C (PKC) as a therapeutic target for the treatment of BD.To date, this field has struggled to make significant progress, and the organisation of an explicit battery of tests is a valuable tool for assessing a number of prominent facets of BD, which may provide a greater understanding of the entire scope of this disease.
Impact of human interventions and coastal processes along the Nile Delta coast, Egypt during the past twenty-five years

Abstract The coastal zone of the Nile Delta lodges highly populated cities (e.g. Alexandria, Port Said) together with small towns and villages. It represents the major industrial, agricultural, and economic resource of the country. The area has been subjected to extensive and excessive unplanned developmental projects to foster the economic status of the local communities that, however, negatively impacted both land use and land cover characteristics. Satellite images were processed to identify the dominant land use/cover classes (from 1990 to 2014) and GIS techniques spatially analyzed and quantified the rate of changes. Five dominant classes were identified and their changes monitored against the unprecedented human activities. Results demonstrated a significant rate of land forms transformation within the last 25 years, in favor of developing of fish farming (+13%) and urban (+22%). Such development of these land use classes was unfortunately at the expense of the agricultural land (−15%), coastal dune and barren land (−13%) and water bodies (−7%). In addition, the coastal processes have made significant changes in the shoreline creating areas of erosion (maximum of 24–36 m/year) and others of accretion (a total accreted area of 3.14 km 2 ) with an overall retreat of 2.7 km 2 along the shoreline. The expected changes in climate and sea level rise will worsen the erosion rate and the general status of the coastal zone. Based on the IPCC scenarios (i.e. the 59 cm sea level rise by the end of this century) and the proposed land subsidence (2.5 mm/year), one fifth of the Nile Delta will be seriously vulnerable to inundation.
Urbisphere - coupling dynamic cities and climate

urbisphere will change how the scientific community conceptualises, characterizes and forecasts cities in the climate system and in urban planning, by developing a radically new approach to integrate multiple dimensions of urban change, their interaction and feedbacks. It aims to forecast and project urban futures and climates in a dynamic framework considering weather, air quality, differential exposure and vulnerability of people at neighbourhood to city scale. It will provide new insights into existing and emerging risks, based on a synergistic effort across disciplines which currently work mostly in parallel. Urban-Surface Models (USM) and Human Exposure and Vulnerability models (HEV) will be developed and coupled to improve the forecasting of exposure, emissions, and intervention potentials in cities. This will transform emergency/risk management, atmospheric forecasting and long-term urban development/adaptation strategies in the urban sphere. The system will use a real-time 4D Smart Urban Observation System (SmUrObS) to provide targeted urban form/function/emissions/exposure data using novel ground and remote sensing technology. The USM-HEV-SmUrObS system will equip us with: 1) a deep understanding of socio-economic dynamics and human behaviour and responses to weather and climate, economic (and other) drivers that transform cities’ exposure and vulnerability to climate change-related hazards (like heat); 2) a consistent method that can be scaled from detailed high-resolution modelling of intra-neighbourhood scale characteristics, to climate and socio-economic modelling and assessment at city, regional and global scales; 3) an approach that can inform global climate and global vulnerability and risk modelling; will allow consistent downscaling to the city for decision making for local urban risk and resilience management; and provide information on the dynamic nexus of exposure and vulnerability of people in cities.
Leisure-time physical activities and their association with active behavior in other domains and sociodemographic aspects: a population-based study with adults residing in the Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District

Abstract This study aimed to identify the types of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) most practiced and their association with active behavior in other domains and the sociodemographic aspects in Brazilian adults (≥ 18 years old). It was a cross-sectional study, using data from a population-based system (Vigitel, 2017). Binary logistic regression was used. In the 29,323 LTPA practitioners (51.3% men), the five types of activities most performed were: walking (36.6%), weight training (17.7%), soccer (11.7%), jogging (8.3%), and aerobics (6.7%). The LTPA that had the greatest associations with sociodemographic variables were soccer, walking, and aerobics, all with p-value ≤ 0.01. When considering the other domains of physical activity, participants who reported doing household physical activity were more likely to walk and less likely to practice weight training, soccer and aerobics. Those who did active commuting had more of a chance to walking and less of a chance to weight train, while individuals who practiced occupational physical activity were less likely to walk and more likely to play soccer. Important differences in sociodemographic aspects and active behavior in the other domains were found according to the LTPA type.
User-defined gestures for connecting mobile phones, public displays, and tabletops

Gestures can offer an intuitive way to interact with a computer. In this paper, we investigate the question whether gesturing with a mobile phone can help to perform complex tasks involving two devices. We present results from a user study, where we asked participants to spontaneously produce gestures with their phone to trigger a set of different activities. We investigated three conditions (device configurations): phone-to-phone, phone-to-tabletop, and phone to public display. We report on the kinds of gestures we observed as well as on feedback from the participants, and provide an initial assessment of which sensors might facilitate gesture recognition in a phone. The results suggest that phone gestures have the potential to be easily understood by end users and that certain device configurations and activities may be well suited for gesture control.
PXD101 significantly improves nuclear reprogramming and the in vitro developmental competence of porcine SCNT embryos

In this study, we investigated the effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor PXD101 (belinostat) on the preimplantation development of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos and their expression of the epigenetic markers histone H3 acetylated at lysine 9 (AcH3K9). We compared the in vitro developmental competence of SCNT embryos treated with various concentrations of PXD101 for 24h. Treatment with 0.5 μM PXD101 significantly increased the proportion of SCNT embryos that reached the blastocyst stage, in comparison to the control group (23.3% vs. 11.5%, P<0.05). We tested the in vitro developmental competence of SCNT embryos treated with 0.5 μM PXD101 for various amounts of times following activation. Treatment for 24h significantly improved the development of porcine SCNT embryos, with a significantly higher proportion of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage in comparison to the control group (25.7% vs. 10.6%, P<0.05). PXD101-treated SCNT embryos were transferred into two surrogate sows, one of whom became pregnant and four fetuses developed. PXD101 treatment significantly increased the fluorescence intensity of immunostaining for AcH3K9 in embryos at the pseudo-pronuclear and 2-cell stages. At these stages, the fluorescence intensities of immunostaining for AcH3K9 were significantly higher in PXD101-treated embryos than in control untreated embryos. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that PXD101 can significantly improve the in vitro and in vivo developmental competence of porcine SCNT embryos and can enhance their nuclear reprogramming.
A Mixed-Signal Structured AdEx Neuron for Accelerated Neuromorphic Cores

Here we describe a multi-compartment neuron circuit based on the Adaptive-Exponential I&F (AdEx) model, developed for the second-generation BrainScaleS hardware. Based on an existing modular Leaky Integrate-and-Fire (LIF) architecture designed in 65 nm CMOS, the circuit features exponential spike generation, neuronal adaptation, inter-compartmental connections as well as a conductance-based reset. The design reproduces a diverse set of firing patterns observed in cortical pyramidal neurons. Further, it enables the emulation of sodium and calcium spikes, as well as N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) plateau potentials known from apical and thin dendrites. We characterize the AdEx circuit extensions and exemplify how the interplay between passive and non-linear active signal processing enhances the computational capabilities of single (but structured) on-chip neurons.
Process control systems and methods.

A self-tuning system for controlling a process (10) based on a measured parameter comprises a modular parameter estimator (12) and parameter conversion/controller arrangements (14, 18; 20, 24, 28; 30, 34) which are used in conjunction with the process and which receive as an input the measured parameter. An IMC (internal model controller) arrangement is used for one of the parameter converter/controller arrangements (20, 24, 28) and incorporates a feed forward index which is used for gain scheduling. Regression analysis is also used in conjunction with the conventional gain scheduling to more accurate refine the control action. A limiter is also used in conjunction with the regression analysis to avoid an overly high or overly low correction signal for the controller.
PROMOTION AND MARKETING STRATEGY

THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THE PROMOTION PROJECT WHICH THE COOPERATIVE IS SEEKING TO DEVELOP IS TO FIND NEW MARKETING SOLUTIONS IMPLEMENTING THE INFLUX OF VISITORS TO SITES MANAGED BY GEMINA, IN PARTICULAR ON THE SITE OF THE PALAEONTOLOGICAL SITE IN ITALY WHICH IS OPEN TO THE PUBLIC AT THE TIME, AND IS THEREFORE IN A MARKET WHICH IS STILL TO BE DEVELOPED AND WITH BIG PLAYERS. THIS IDEA IS TO DEVELOP EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION INITIATIVES.