SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis C treatment: an incipient therapeutic revolution

An exciting paradigm shift is occurring in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV). We now have the capacity to specifically target therapy to HCV proteins, and thereby directly interrupt the viral life cycle. The first direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), the NS3-4A serine protease inhibitors boceprevir and telaprevir, improved the rate of sustained virologic response (SVR), but their toxicities combined with PEG-IFN and RBV limited their overall efficacy. Sofosbuvir, a nucleotide HCV polymerase inhibitor, is now available and offers better tolerability and efficacy across all HCV genotypes. The next phase of therapy will be combining several classes of DAAs without IFN in order to make sustained clearance of hepatitis C deliverable to a much larger number of infected individuals.
The use of genetically modified mice in cancer risk assessment: Challenges and limitations

The use of genetically modified (GM) mice to assess carcinogenicity is playing an increasingly important role in the safety evaluation of chemicals. While progress has been made in developing and evaluating mouse models such as the Trp53⁺/⁻, Tg.AC and the rasH2, the suitability of these models as replacements for the conventional rodent cancer bioassay and for assessing human health risks remains uncertain. The objective of this research was to evaluate the use of accelerated cancer bioassays with GM mice for assessing the potential health risks associated with exposure to carcinogenic agents. We compared the published results from the GM bioassays to those obtained in the National Toxicology Program's conventional chronic mouse bioassay for their potential use in risk assessment. Our analysis indicates that the GM models are less efficient in detecting carcinogenic agents but more consistent in identifying non-carcinogenic agents. We identified several issues of concern related to the design of the accelerated bioassays (e.g., sample size, study duration, genetic stability and reproducibility) as well as pathway-dependency of effects, and different carcinogenic mechanisms operable in GM and non-GM mice. The use of the GM models for dose-response assessment is particularly problematic as these models are, at times, much more or less sensitive than the conventional rodent cancer bioassays. Thus, the existing GM mouse models may be useful for hazard identification, but will be of limited use for dose-response assessment. Hence, caution should be exercised when using GM mouse models to assess the carcinogenic risks of chemicals.
Facile synthesis of tetrahedral Ag 3 PO 4 mesocrystals and its enhanced photocatalytic activity

Abstract A novel and rapid strategy has been developed to synthesize tetrahedral Ag 3 PO 4 mesocrystals with the help of surfactant oleic acid. Homogeneous Ag 3 PO 4 tetrahedron with average apex-to-apex length of 1.1 μm could be synthesized under optimized conditions. Oleic acid is considered to be essential for the formation of this homogeneous tetrahedral morphology. The as-prepared tetrahedral Ag 3 PO 4 mesocrystals could be formed through the close-packed assembly of Ag 3 PO 4 nanoparticles, thus the formation of tetrahedral Ag 3 PO 4 mesocrystals is explained by the oriented aggregation mechanism based on time-dependent experiments. Furthermore, the obtained tetrahedral Ag 3 PO 4 mesocrystals exhibit enhanced visible-light photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) solutions compared to the reported micro-sized spherical Ag 3 PO 4 particles with high photocatalytic performance.
PRESSURE REDUCER FOR A GUN MUZZLE

Pressure reducer for a gun muzzle, comprising a funnel (2) having an inner conical shape with increasing diameter from the gun muzzle, comprising a ring (3) consisting of at least two segments, preferably four segments, being arranged around and behind the bead (9) of the muzzle (1), two circular helical springs (4, 5) being arranged in grooves in the outer surface of the ring segments thereby clamping the segments to the funnel and allowing displacement of the unit comprising the funnel (2) and the segment ring (3) on to the muzzle (1) for installation and dismantling as well, whereby the diameter of the ring (3) being increased to enable displacement of the segment ring beyong the bead (9) of the muzzle (3), and a nut (6) having an aperture with a diameter larger than the bead (9) diameter to enable the nut to be arranged around the gun barrel beyong the bead (9) of the muzzle, which bead (9) thereby being clamped in between the funnel (2) and the nut (6) such that the reducer is releasably secured to the gun.
Mujeres intelectuales españolas y sus redes sociales en el exilio estadounidense

RESUMENEl presente estudio aspira a ofrecer un estado de la cuestión y una posible vía de trabajo que consideramos de gran potencial para abordar la vasta red social de la que formaron parte las mujeres intelectuales exiliadas en Estados Unidos. Lo hace articulándose en dos partes: una dedicada a las “Redes: ideas cruzadas”, donde brevemente se perfilan algunas bases teóricas y metodológicas vinculadas que podrían servir como marco para ese análisis; y otra de carácter más historiográfico, dedicada a las “Mujeres exiliadas en red”. En esta segunda sección, teoría e historiografía convergen para ofrecer una propuesta de análisis a partir de un ejemplo parcial de red académica tejida entre intelectuales españolas y estadounidenses entre los años 20 y 50 del siglo XX, a fin de demostrar el modo en que las redes de preguerra motivaron el rescate de mujeres en Estados Unidos durante su exilio.
Early deterioration in ellipsoid zone in eyes with non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration

The purpose of this study was to investigate the early effects of soft drusen on retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), ellipsoid zone (EZ, photoreceptor inner segment/outer segment junction), and external limiting membrane (ELM) reflectivities using optical coherence tomography (OCT) image analysis. This retrospective comparative study comprised 47 patients with non-neovascular AMD (with intact RPE, EZ, and ELM bands on OCT) and 45 age- and sex-matched healthy controls with normal OCT. A single masked physician performed OCT image analysis using a medical image processing software. Reflectivities of RPE, EZ, and ELM; number of drusen; vertical and horizontal diameters of the largest druse; druse reflectivity; foveal involvement by a druse; and presence of ≥1 large druse (n) were evaluated based on the macular OCT scan. Forty-seven right eyes of 47 patients with non-neovascular AMD and 45 right eyes of 45 healthy subjects were recruited. In the non-neovascular AMD group, absolute EZ and RPE reflectivities were significantly lower compared to those of the control eyes (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). Comparing relative reflectivity values, only relative EZ reflectivity (EZ/ELM reflectivity) remained to show a significant difference between the groups (P < 0.001). Correlation analyses revealed no significant relation between the reflectivity values and drusen characteristics (P > 0.05). In eyes with non-neovascular AMD, decreased RPE (only absolute) and EZ (both absolute and relative) reflectivities prior to the disruption of these layers on OCT might indicate early photoreceptor damage. However, lower reflectivity values appear to be independent of the drusen characteristics.
An Extensive Survey on different Routing Protocols and Issue in VANETs

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks is a class of mobile Ad hoc Network. Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) and mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) are wireless networks which are points as automatic configured and self governing wireless adhoc networks. In VANET some terms of dynamic and high mobility are defined. Knowledge of routing in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks becomes arduous and challenging due to changeable connectivity, high point mobility and network Distribution. The review paper tries to describe VANET and its routing protocols which focus on vehicle to vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I). The objective of this study is to categorize protocols on the basis of routing information and comparing them using following parameters namely methodology used, advantage/power and limitations. The survey paper is located on routing protocols which are categorized as topology and position based routing protocols. This paper prescribes the comparison of reactive and proactive routing protocols based on their merits and demerits.
Bio-Inspired protection of marble with lasers

Marble is a widely used raw material in the kitchen/bathroom market, as well as in the construction sector. Yet, its durability is harmed by atmospheric and local acidic conditions and its aesthetic appearance endangered by human pollution and contamination. Although surface sealing is frequently used for protection, sealers are often toxic and not sufficiently effective. Long-term conservation or replacement of marble generates enormous costs. 
BioProMarLL aims at transferring the surface protective properties of certain plants to the marble surface, employing biomimetic laser structuring strategies that have been developed during the recently finished FET-Open project LiNaBioFluid. The overall objective of BioProMarL is the development of breakthrough concepts inspired by nature to provide enhanced protection of the marble surface in indoor and outdoor applications in terms of resistance to human pollution (e.g. stains by oil, lemon, vinegar, …). Additional functionalities that will be intended to transfer to marble include liquid-repellence, anti-adhesion and anti-abrasion, further strengthening the complementarity with LiNaBioFluid.
The project consortium already includes a marble product company as end user and aims at identifying other end users for the different functionalities to be achieved in biomimetically structured marble. The new biomimetic protection and functionalization concept of BioProMarL has a high innovation potential and holds great promise for technological impact, while the success of LiNaBioFluid strongly supports its viability. In particular, it is foreseen that the useful life of natural stone products can be increased and chemically aggressive sealants can be replaced through smart functional surface morphologies, strongly contributing to environmental sustainability. In addition, biomimetic marble with added functionalities might lead to an increase in market share of natural stone products and impulse the European market leadership.
Taming the tides

The power of the ocean is apparent to all and we are now much closer to harnessing that energy to power our lifestyle. According to the British Cartographic Society the length of coastline of Great Britain plus its principal islands is just shy of 20,000 miles, so it comes as no surprise that marine energy is considered to hold great potential as a future energy source. According to research by The Carbon Trust - Technology Innovation Needs Assessment (TINA) - this has the potential to deliver more than 75TWh a year; over 10 per cent of the UK's predicted needs, by mid century. Predictions of how much of that energy can be harvested by 2050 vary from 20GW to zero. What is clear, however, is that it will not have any impact before 2020. The same report pointed to the pricing pressures that marine energy will face. It predicts that it will need to reduce costs by 50-75 per cent by 2025 if it is to compete with offshore wind power. This level of cost reduction is ambitious but conceivable with significant economies of scale and innovation, combined with supply chain optimisation and appropriate financing.
Short-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution and genome-wide DNA methylation: A randomized, double-blind, crossover trial

Previous studies have associated fine particulate (PM2.5) exposure with changes in gene-specific DNA methylation. However, the evidence was still limited and inconsistent in genome-wide DNA methylation.To examine the impact of short-term PM2.5 exposure on genome-wide DNA methylation.We designed a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial among 36 healthy young adults in Shanghai, China. A two-stage intervention with alternative use of real and sham air purifiers in dormitory rooms for consecutive 9 days were conducted to create natural low and high exposure scenarios of PM2.5. Blood genome-wide DNA methylation was analyzed using the Illumina Infinium Human Methylation EPIC BeadChip (850k). Mixed-effect models were used to evaluate the impacts of changes in PM2.5 levels on genome-wide DNA methylation.There was a drastic contrast for PM2.5 exposure levels in the two scenarios (24-h averages: 53.1 and 24.3 μg/m3). Between the high and low exposure groups, methylation levels were changed significantly with a false discovery rate < 0.01 at 49 CpG loci, of which 31 CpG sites were annotated to the specific genes. DNA methylation of these annotated genes were elevated in response to increased PM2.5 exposure, which were implicated in insulin resistance, glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, platelet activation, and cell survival and apoptosis.Our results provided novel biological pathways linking ambient PM2.5 exposure to systemic adverse response through variations in DNA methylation and reinforced the hypothesized role of epigenetics in the development of cardiometabolic diseases induced by PM2.5 exposure.
Scaling up to the normandie hydro open-centre tidal turbine pilot array

OCTARRAY is part of an an ambitious 3-year tidal array demonstration programme located in North Western French territorial waters of the Raz Blanchard, a 15 km strait situated between Cap de la Hague and Alderney Island. The array (known as the Normandie Hydro array) will consist of 7 x 2.0MW Open-Centre Turbines (OCT) designed and constructed by the OpenHydro Group which will be installed at depths of between 30 and 40 meters with a total capacity of 14MW. The turbines will be connected by inter-array cabling via a subsea connector and exported onto the grid via an export cable and substation. The project is scheduled to commence operations and begin exporting grid compliant power to the French National Grid in 2019. The objectives of the project are to develop, construct and operate a tidal turbine array in real conditions and to test and confirm the technical and economic viability of tidal energy in preparation for developments on an industrial and commercial scale. The successful demonstration of the pilot array will achieve several technical, industrial, economic and commercial ‘firsts’ which will facilitate and accelerate the development and growth of the tidal industry. OCTARRAY will establish new knowledge and capability to enable the scale up to future commercial arrays (up to 300MW), Levelised Cost of Energy reduction and will provide valuable data and learning on array effects and performance for the benefit of future tidal array projects in the rest of Europe and strategic locations in the world for renewable energy development. Through projects such as OCTARRAY and the Normandie Hydro array, Europe has the opportunity to significantly build its reputation as a world leader in the development and integration of tidal energy, and benefit from the diversity that the technology brings to the overall energy generation portfolio.
Sme instrument for innovative companies from latvia

The overall objective of the project is to contribute to smart growth in the European Union by increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of investments in research, development and innovation and by contributing to a better and more efficient connection of actors along the innovation chain. To achieve this objective the following measures are foreseen:
• To support SMEs, as the beneficiaries of the SME Instrument to identify bottlenecks to the creation of economic impact in companies benefitting from grants by Horizon2020's SME instrument and address these bottlenecks with the help of capable coaches;
• To increase the efficiency and effectiveness of innovation processes in small and medium sized enterprises with significant innovation activities that could potentially become beneficiaries of European support to research and innovation but would not have effective access to consulting services for innovation management.
In practice at least six (6) specialised 7-day service packages will be delivered to SMEs to assist them in successful participation in the SME Instrument  programme under Horizon 2020 and increase their innovation management capacity beyond this programme. 
The new services addressed by the current proposal will be integrated in already existing Enterprise Europe Network services.
Embedding reactive hardware agents into heterogeneous sensor networks

Information fusion systems can be improved by developing solutions that integrate distributed intelligent systems with context-aware technologies. In this sense, Wireless Sensor Networks is a key technology for gathering remote and heterogeneous context information. However, it is not easy to integrate devices from different technologies into a single network. Distributed architectures, such as Multi-Agent Systems, can facilitate integrating such heterogeneous devices. In addition, Multi-Agent Systems expand the sensors' context-aware capabilities changing their behavior dynamically and personalizing their reactions. This paper presents the new Hardware-Embedded Reactive Agents (HERA) platform, that allows developing information fusion applications where agents are directly embedded in heterogeneous wireless sensor nodes with small resources.
MAGNESIUM ALUMINUM SPINELS

Several methods are set forth for preparing polymetallic spinels by coprecipitating two or more metal compounds in a proportion to provide a total of eight positive valences when combined in the oxide form in the spinel crystal lattice. The methods disclosed require coprecipitation of the metals in the hydroxide form or convertible to the hydroxide-oxide form, calcining the coprecipitate, and finally sintering the calcined material at about one-half its melting point or greater, thereby forming a spinel which has a density of greater than 50 percent of the theoretical density of spinel crystal. Also disclosed are techniques for preparing less dense spinels, spinels having more than two metals incorporated into the spinel lattice, as well as a separate oxide phase associated with the spinel crystallites, and slipcasting compositions.
The decline of U.S. export competitiveness in the Chinese meat import market

China has been the number one destination for U.S. agricultural exports in four of the past six years, and the U.S. has been China's leading import supplier. China's trade policies significantly impact U.S. farmers and agribusinesses and vice‐versa as seen from the recent U.S.–China trade dispute. In 2015, China began initiating a trade diversification strategy to increase trade with nations other than the United States. This research investigates the impacts of China's expanding global meat suppliers on its meat import demand, as well as on the relative competitiveness of U.S. meat exporters to China. Our meat import demand model is unique, in which it uses a restricted source‐differentiated almost ideal demand system that accounts for differentiation by source country and across meat products. Although the U.S. was the dominant source for China's meat imports previously, price and expenditure elasticities suggest that suppliers such as Australia, Brazil, the EU, Uruguay, and Argentina have the largest potential for China's meat market.
CHEMOKINE CXCR4 RECEPTOR MODULATORS AND USED RELATED THERETO

The disclosure relates to chemokine CXCR4 receptor modulators and uses related thereto. In certain embodiments, the disclosure relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds disclosed herein or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof. In certain embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein are used for managing CXCR4 related conditions, typically prevention or treatment of viral infections such as HIV or for managing cancer.
Are gestational age, birth weight, and birth length indicators of favorable fetal growth conditions? A structural equation analysis of Filipino infants

The fetal origins hypothesis emphasizes the life-long health impacts of prenatal conditions. Birth weight, birth length, and gestational age are indicators of the fetal environment. However, these variables often have missing data and are subject to random and systematic errors caused by delays in measurement, differences in measurement instruments, and human error. With data from the Cebu (Philippines) Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey, we use structural equation models, to explore random and systematic errors in these birth outcome measures, to analyze how maternal characteristics relate to birth outcomes, and to take account of missing data. We assess whether birth weight, birth length, and gestational age are influenced by a single latent variable that we call favorable fetal growth conditions (FFGC) and if so, which variable is most closely related to FFGC. We find that a model with FFGC as a latent variable fits as well as a less parsimonious model that has birth weight, birth length, and gestational age as distinct individual variables. We also demonstrate that birth weight is more reliably measured than is gestational age. FFGCs were significantly influenced by taller maternal stature, better nutritional stores indexed by maternal arm fat and muscle area during pregnancy, higher birth order, avoidance of smoking, and maternal age 20-35 years. Effects of maternal characteristics on newborn weight, length, and gestational age were largely indirect, operating through FFGC.
Fit for Cooperation

This project’s main objective is the strengthening of integration and cross-border issues on “regional thinking” and “regional mainstream”. This way, EGTC and INTERREG pursue the same goal, to succeed in rooting in everyone's minds the meaning of cooperation, while expanding the horizons. Collaborators / district officials should be adequately trained in a cross-border collaboration approach: they will have to be able to understand the benefits and use the available tools. In order to reach this goal, some means will have to be developed. On the one hand, it is necessary to widen
the competence on the EU, on the other hand, language barriers must be overcome through specific language training courses. Recipients: Public administrations in the territory of the EGTC "Euregio Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino" and EGTC Euregio Without Borders: - Offices of the Regions, Austrian Länders, Italian Autonomous Provinces - city councils and municipal administrations - administrations of public entities (universities, territorial communities, municipal consortia, etc.) - Chambers of commerce and labor - possibly entities belonging to public property with public service obligations (hospitals, energy companies, etc.) - possibly state administrations (State Police, etc.) The results of "FitCo” will be a series of professionally elaborated cooperation projects, they could then be directly implemented onto the program area or presented in future European calls.