SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Circular agronomics - efficient carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in the european agri-food system and related up- and down-stream processes to mitigate emissions

Circular Agronomics (CA) provides a comprehensive synthesis of practical solutions to improve the current Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) cycling in European agro-ecosystems and related up- and down-stream processes within the value-chain of food production. The proposed solutions would constitute a further step towards making agriculture an integral part of a circular economy by increasing resource efficiency while simultaneously addressing associated environmental challenges such as greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions as well as eutrophication of water bodies. Along 7 work packages and 6 case-studies, representing locations with different biogeographic conditions and environmental challenges typical for the European agricultural sector, the objective of CA is to contribute to a development towards sustainable, resilient and inclusive economies that are part of circular and zero-waste societies. The involved multi-actor and international consortium aims (i) To increase the understanding of C, N, P flows and the related potential to reduce environmental impacts at farm and regional level under different bio-geographical conditions; (ii) To close loops within cropland farming, from livestock to cropland farming and to increase the reuse of waste/wastewater from food-industry to improve soil fertility and to increase nutrient use efficiency; (iii) To highlight the performance of different prototypes of agro-ecological systems and increase sustainability of food production in the EU; and (iv) To contribute to the improvement of the European Agricultural Policies by providing evidence based, farmer led and consumer relevant recommendations for the agri-food chain. Cross-cutting social, economic and environmental evaluation ensure the overall sustainability of the investigated solution.
Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of 2-(substituted ether)-5-(1-phenyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H -pyrazol-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole Derivatives

By replacing the amide bond into 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety, a series of 1-phenyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole derivatives bearing 1,3,4-oxadiazole were synthesized and evaluated their antibacterial and antifungal activity. The bioassay results revealed that compounds 7a and 7b showed the strongest antibacterial activity toward pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae with the EC50 values of 15.0 and 6.4 µg/mL, respectively; compound 6a exhibited comprehensive antifungal activity toward six kinds of fungi; compound 6f could selectively inhibit the growth of Sclertinia sclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia solani with the inhibition rates of 82.5 and 80.3% at the concentrate of 100 µg/mL, respectively; compound 7b exerted good antifungal activity toward Fusarium oxysporum, Cytospora mandshurica, and Rhizoctonia solani with the inhibition rates of 70.8, 69.5, and 71.5%, respectively. The results suggested that this kind of compounds could be further studied as promising antimicrobial agents.
Beyond Stonehenge: Carn Menyn Quarry and the origin and date of bluestone extraction in the Preseli Hills of south-west Wales

Recent investigations at Stonehenge have been accompanied by new research on the origin of the famous ‘bluestones’, a mixed assemblage of rhyolites and dolerites that stand among the much taller sarsens. Some of the rhyolite debitage has been traced to a quarry site at Craig Rhosyfelin near the Pembrokeshire coast; but fieldwork on the upland outcrops of Carn Menyn has also provided evidence for dolerite extraction in the later third millennium BC, and for the production of pillar-like blocks that resemble the Stonehenge bluestones in shape and size. Quarrying at Carn Menyn began much earlier, however, during the seventh millennium BC, suggesting that Mesolithic communities were the first to exploit the geology of this remote upland location.
Music at the frontiers of artificial creativity and criticism

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an especially disruptive technology, impacting a growing number of domains in ways both beneficial and detrimental. It is even showing surprising impacts in the Arts, provoking questions fundamental to philosophy, law, and engineering, not to mention practices in the Arts themselves. MUSAiC is an interdisciplinary research venture confronting questions and challenges at the frontier of the AI disruption of music. It aims to analyze, criticize and fundamentally broaden the AI transformation of three interrelated music practices: 1) listening, 2) composition and performance, and 3) analysis and criticism. For each practice, and grounded in two specific music traditions (Irish and Swedish), MUSAiC will document and critically analyze the impacts of and ethical issues surrounding AI. MUSAiC will formulate and implement the first music pedagogy for AI, the lack of which continues to result in the creation of AI systems that have only a surface knowledge of music. From this pedagogy, MUSAiC will develop new holistic methods for understanding and benchmarking AI, and improving them and their application. It will implement and test novel AI systems that dynamically adapt to specific users as “digital apprentices”, thus bringing human-AI music partnerships to new levels of fruitfulness. The outcomes of MUSAiC will facilitate applications of AI to music in robust and responsible ways, impacting a wide variety of stakeholders. It will not only prepare music practitioners and audiences of the present (human and artificial) for new ways of listening, working, appraising, and developing the art form, but will also pave the way for analyzing, criticizing and broadening the AI transformation of the other Arts. The PI, a leading figure in music AI and music informatics, is employed at a world-leading research department at the top-rated technical university in Sweden. He is also a composer, frequently illustrating his research outcomes through music.
Dams as a Climate Change Adaptation Strategy: Geopolitical Implications for Pakistan

AbstractPakistani planners are increasingly prone to recognize the many links between water, food, and energy security. The construction of new large dams is seen by many as a concrete measure to achieve resource security for Pakistani for a future marked by climactic variability and unpredictability. This article explores the geopolitical and political geographic implications of Pakistan’s strategic vision of building dams as a way to prepare for climate change. The author argues that far from being politically neutral tools for development with predictable effects, large dams create new political and spatial arenas of conflict and contradiction at the international, regional, and local scales.
PLASTIC FILM HAVING MOTTLING FIBRES FIXED THEREON

The invention relates to a plastic film having mottling fibres fixed thereon, a method for the production thereof, a document comprising at least one plastic film that has mottling fibres fixed thereon, and a method for producing a document. The invention provides a security feature for value and security documents that is especially forgery-proof and easy to produce.
A comparison of the moment arms of pelvic limb muscles in horses bred for acceleration (Quarter Horse) and endurance (Arab)

Selective breeding for performance has resulted in distinct breeds of horse, such as the Quarter Horse (bred for acceleration) and the Arab (bred for endurance). Rapid acceleration, seen during Quarter Horse racing, requires fast powerful muscular contraction and the generation of large joint torques, particularly by the hind limb muscles. This study compared hind limb moment arm lengths in the Quarter Horse and Arab. We hypothesized that Quarter Horse hind limb extensor muscles would have longer moment arms when compared to the Arab, conferring a greater potential for torque generation at the hip, stifle and tarsus during limb extension. Six Quarter Horse and six Arab hind limbs were dissected to determine muscle moment arm lengths for the following muscles: gluteus medius, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, vastus lateralis, gastrocnemius (medialis and lateralis) and tibialis cranialis. The moment arms of biceps femoris (acting at the hip) and gastrocnemius lateralis (acting at the stifle) were significantly longer in the Quarter Horse, although the length of the remaining muscle moment arms were similar in both breeds of horse. All the Quarter Horse muscles were capable of generating greater muscle moments owing to their greater physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) and therefore greater isometric force potential, which suggests that PCSA is a better determinant of muscle torque than moment arm length in these two breeds of horse. With the exception of gastrocnemius and tibialis cranialis, the observed muscle fascicle length to moment arm ratio (MFL : MA ratio) was greater for the Arab horse muscles. It appears that the Arab muscles have the potential to operate at slower velocities of contraction and hence generate greater force outputs when compared to the Quarter Horse muscles working over a similar range of joint motion; this would indicate that Arab hind limb muscles are optimized to function at maximum economy rather than maximum power output.
METHODE NUMERIQUE DE MODIFICATION D'IMAGE ET SYSTEME DE MISE EN OEUVRE

<P>La méthode a pour but de rehausser le contraste d'une image, notamment une image infra-rouge faiblement contrastée.</P><P>Elle s'applique dans un système de mise en oeuvre, notamment une caméra infra-rouge en temps réel.</P><P>L'image de sortie est construite à l'aide d'une fonction de transformation Fi dont une partie RCI transforme le contraste des points chauds; l'histogramme de sortie HSI est plus contrasté que l'histogramme d'entrée HE.</P><P>Le point GO est déterminé pour chaque image en fonction des caractéristiques de l'histogramme d'entrée HE.</P>
VEHICLE LAMP SYSTEM

The invention relates to a vehicle lamp system having a vehicle lamp (BL), having a device (ESR) which is designed to determine the current direction (ASR) of incidence of sunlight, and having a control device (STE) which is designed in such a way that the luminous flux of the vehicle lamp (BL) is automatically changed based on the current direction of incidence of sunlight.
Reducing GPS carrier phase errors in the measurement and position domains for short-distance static relative positioning

In GPS short-distance static relative positioning (e.g. the length of the baseline shorter than several kilometers and its height difference less than tens of meters), the precision and accuracy of the baseline solutions are limited because of the existence of unmodeled errors especially multipath errors. Considering that multipath errors are mapped from original observations to the baseline solution (position domain) and its residual series (measurement domain), scholars have applied a number of methods to reduce multipath errors in residual series to improve the precision of the baseline solution. However, multipath errors are difficult to eliminate from the baseline solution. Therefore, this study proposes a new strategy for eliminating the multipath errors both in the position and measurement domains. The steps are as follows: (1) a post-processed kinematic (PPK) approach was used to obtain the coordinate and residual series with L1 observations; (2) the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) was employed to extract multipath errors from the residual series to correct original observations; (3) PPK was used again to obtain the corrected coordinate series with the corrected observations; (4) finally, a multi-scale decomposition utilizing wavelet transform was applied to the corrected coordinate series to obtain the residual terms and their average values, the result of which is taken as the final baseline solution. The precision and accuracy of the baseline solution are evaluated according to the root mean square error (RMSE). The experimental results show that the accuracy of baseline solution are improved about 16, 24, and 28 % for 10 min time periods, respectively, 24, 25, and 33 % for 30 min time periods, respectively, and 5, 23, and 22 % for 60 min time periods, respectively, of the traditional scheme. The influence of multipath errors on the baseline solution are efficiently weakened.
Analysis of ES hazards in overfilling protection gauge

Abstract Gauging operations can cause electrostatic ignition in road tankers during filling operations involving flammable liquids. For this reason, gauging from above the liquid surface should not be carried out in a road tanker containing a flammable atmosphere when hazardous conditions are present. Introduction of an overfilling sensor to automatically stop the filling in case of deviation can be a safety measure to prevent overfilling of the road tanker and the generation of a rather big flammable pool. Nevertheless, this situation generates a conflict of interest with the formerly described safety measure of preventing a charged liquid to approach a counter-electrode in presence of a explosive atmosphere. This situation has been assessed in detail by using a simulation program. It was clear that the gauge could lead to an ignition already when the liquid approached the edge of the gauge. A new design was defined to prevent such hazard.
Price Stability and Central Bank Independence: Discipline, Credibility, and Democratic Institutions

Abstract Despite mixed empirical evidence, in the past two decades central bank independence (CBI) has been on the rise under the assumption that it ensures price stability. Using an encompassing theoretical approach and new yearly data for de jure CBI (seventy-eight countries, 1973–2008), we reexamine this relationship, distinguishing the role of printing less money (discipline) from the public's beliefs about the central bank's likely actions (credibility). Democracies differ from dictatorships in the likelihood of political interference and changes to the law because of the presence of political opposition and the freedom to expose government actions. CBI in democracies should be directly reflected in lower money supply growth. Besides being more disciplinarian, it also ensures a more robust money demand by reducing inflation expectations and, therefore, inflation. Empirical results are robust and support a discipline effect conditioned by political institutions, as well as a credibility effect.
Modeling of agricultural soil compaction using discrete Bayesian networks

The intensive use of machinery in the agricultural area can have serious effects on the soil quality causing its compaction and changes in the related vegetation growth. In fact, consequent phenomena such as water stagnation due to lack of water infiltration, insects proliferation and vegetable pests attack might be observed. Accordingly, the soil compaction causes and diagnosis should be deeply studied. In this paper, based on Bayesian networks, a decision support system suitable for soil compaction risk assessment was built. A discrete Bayesian network was calibrated, starting from raw measured data, to discover the relationships between different variables characterizing the agricultural soil and the experimental conditions. These variables include humidity, the tractor’s weight, the number of passages and the wheels inflation pressure. The compaction phenomenon is studied through analyzing the sensitivity of the soil’s resistance to penetration and its bulk density to the above-cited factors. The developed Bayesian network is proven to be useful as a decision-making tool helping the users to perform both causal and diagnostic analysis on soil state.
Social influence and disruptive low carbon innovations

A low carbon transition requires disruptive innovations to challenge prevailing technologies and practices. Many disruptive low carbon innovations have been adopted, but in small numbers. Examples include car sharing networks, car-free communities, and net zero energy buildings. To mitigate climate change, these and other innovations must diffuse or spread into the mass market. In the absence of strong policy incentives, social communication from adopters to non-adopters is the means by which innovations spread. But we do not understand how the different mechanisms of social influence work for disruptive low carbon innovations, and whether they can be harnessed to accelerate change.

In this project, I aim to address this critical knowledge gap by asking: what role can social influence play in driving the diffusion of disruptive innovations as part of a low carbon transition? This project will open up a new scientific field on disruptive low carbon innovations using rigorous scientific methods applied to a wide range of novel data.

Objective 1. To understand the attributes of disruptive low carbon innovations valued by actual and potential users.
-> By using secondary data, structured elicitation exercises, and a large-scale cross-national survey, I will evaluate innovation attributes and their potential acceptability to mass market adopters.

Objective 2. To assess the strength and mechanisms of social influence in the diffusion of disruptive low carbon innovations.
-> By analysing social network structures, online activity, and the spatial distribution of early adopters, I will quantify the relative strength of social influence in diffusion processes.

Objective 3. To test strategies and actions for using social influence to accelerate a low carbon transition.
-> By modelling social influence effects in global climate mitigation models, I will test the effectiveness of long-term strategies and actionable policies for accelerating low carbon transitions.
CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3−x</sub>Cl<sub>x</sub> films with coverage approaching 100% and with highly oriented crystal domains for reproducible and efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells

Depositing pinhole-free perovskite films is of vital importance for achieving high performance perovskite solar cells, especially in a planar heterojunction device. Here, perovskite films with coverage approaching 100% and with highly oriented crystal domains were obtained by carefully controlling the annealing temperature and duration. Perovskite solar cells with an average efficiency of 12% and a maximum efficiency of 15.17% were achieved in a planar heterojunction structure. Comprehensive characterization and analysis showed that appropriate annealing temperature and duration allowed the perovskite crystals to grow slowly, resulting in highly oriented crystal domains without any internal voids or pinholes. The anisotropic transport properties of perovskite crystals ensure efficient electron and hole transport to their corresponding electrodes.
High Relaxivity Gd(III)–DNA Gold Nanostars: Investigation of Shape Effects on Proton Relaxation

Gadolinium(III) nanoconjugate contrast agents (CAs) have distinct advantages over their small-molecule counterparts in magnetic resonance imaging. In addition to increased Gd(III) payload, a significant improvement in proton relaxation efficiency, or relaxivity (r1), is often observed. In this work, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a nanoconjugate CA created by covalent attachment of Gd(III) to thiolated DNA (Gd(III)-DNA), followed by surface conjugation onto gold nanostars (DNA-Gd@stars). These conjugates exhibit remarkable r1 with values up to 98 mM(-1) s(-1). Additionally, DNA-Gd@stars show efficient Gd(III) delivery and biocompatibility in vitro and generate significant contrast enhancement when imaged at 7 T. Using nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion analysis, we attribute the high performance of the DNA-Gd@stars to an increased contribution of second-sphere relaxivity compared to that of spherical CA equivalents (DNA-Gd@spheres). Importantly, the surface of the gold nanostar contains Gd(III)-DNA in regions of positive, negative, and neutral curvature. We hypothesize that the proton relaxation enhancement observed results from the presence of a unique hydrophilic environment produced by Gd(III)-DNA in these regions, which allows second-sphere water molecules to remain adjacent to Gd(III) ions for up to 10 times longer than diffusion. These results establish that particle shape and second-sphere relaxivity are important considerations in the design of Gd(III) nanoconjugate CAs.
Laicidade brasileira na perspectiva da colonialidade do poder

O conceito de laicidade utilizado por grande parte de estudiosos brasileiros tem fundamentação teórica na matriz francesa. Contudo, questiona-se neste artigo a adoção do conceito como universal para a estrutura social brasileira. A partir de um estudo empírico comparativo que permitiu a realização de 18 entrevistas com professores brasileiros e 18 com professores franceses sobre os entendimentos do conceito de laicidade foi possível constatar uma percepção distinta por parte dos docentes dos dois países. Essa diferença está presente na forma como os professores compreendem e mobilizam este conceito. Questionou-se o que representaria tal distinção para além das diferenças culturais, tendo como hipótese as diferenças estruturais, justificando, assim, a necessidade de rediscussão do conceito de laicidade no Brasil. Perguntou-se que tipo de laicidade existe neste país? Para responder este questionamento, buscamos analisar os dados da pesquisa empírica a partir da perspectiva teórica decolonial da colonialidade/modernidade. Concluiu-se que o conceito de laicidade francês não pode ser importado para o Brasil tal qual, pois sua construção na França se fez a partir da separação entre Estado e religião, remetendo ao projeto político de construção de consenso social da nação moderna. Por outro lado, no Brasil, a aliança entre Estado e religião era necessária para a formação do consenso nacional de uma estrutura social racializada.
CONTRAT DE DÉVELOPPEMENT — LETE SPA

LA MARQUE LETE EST UNE MARQUE HISTORIQUE, SA PREMIÈRE APPARITION SUR LES MARCHÉS REMONTE À 1893 QUAND LETE A COMMENCÉ À EMBOUTEILLER L’EXCEPTIONNELLE EAU MINÉRALE.
Clinical research on liver reserve function by 13C-phenylalanine breath test in aged patients with chronic liver diseases

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to investigate whether the 13 C-phenylalanine breath test could be useful for the evaluation of hepatic function in elderly volunteers and patients with chronic hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis. Methods L-[1- 13 C] phenylalanine was administered orally at a dose of 100 mg to 55 elderly patients with liver cirrhosis, 30 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 38 elderly healthy subjects. The breath test was performed at 8 different time points (0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 min) to obtain the values of Delta over baseline, percentage 13 CO 2 exhalation rate and cumulative excretion (Cum). The relationships of the cumulative excretion with the 13 C-%dose/h and blood biochemical parameters were investigated. Results The 13 C-%dose/h at 20 min and 30 min combined with the cumulative excretion at 60 min and 120 min correlated with hepatic function tests, serum albumin, hemoglobin, platelet and Child-Pugh score. Prothrombin time, total and direct bilirubin were significantly increased, while serum albumin, hemoglobin and platelet, the cumulative excretion at 60 min and 120 min values decreased by degrees of intensity of the disease in Child-Pugh A, B, and C patients (P &lt; 0.01). Conclusions The 13 C-phenylalanine breath test can be used as a non-invasive assay to evaluate hepatic function in elderly patients with liver cirrhosis. The 13 C-%dose/h at 20 min, at 30 min and cumulative excretion at 60 min may be the key value for determination at a single time-point. 13 C-phenylalanine breath test is safe and helpful in distinguishing different stages of hepatic dysfunction for elderly cirrhosis patients.