SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
METHODS FOR MAKING ANIMAL FEED FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS

The present invention provides a method of making animal feed from lignocellulosic biomass. Biomass material having a moisture content of less than 30% is introduced into a pressure vessel. A vacuum is applied to the pressure vessel for at least one and preferably two minutes. Then steam is introduced to heat the biomass material to a temperature range of between about 180°C and 235°C where it is maintained for from 1 to 12 minutes before reducing the pressure in the vessel. In particularly preferred embodiments, the moisture content is below 15%, the temperature range is from 190°C to 215°C and the residence time is from 2 to 8 minutes.
Foundations for fair social computing

Social computing represents a societal-scale symbiosis of humans and computational systems, where humans interact via and with computers, actively providing inputs to influence and being influenced by, the outputs of the computations. Recently, several concerns have been raised about the unfairness of social computations pervading our lives ranging from the potential for discrimination in machine learning based predictive analytics and implicit biases in online search and recommendations to their general lack of transparency on what sensitive data about users they use or how they use them.

In this proposal, I propose ten fairness principles for social computations. They span across all three main categories of organizational justice, including distributive (fairness of the outcomes or ends of computations), procedural (fairness of the process or means of computations), and informational fairness (transparency of the outcomes and process of computations) and they cover a variety of unfairness perceptions about social computations. 

I describe the fundamental and novel technical challenges that arise when applying these principles to social computations. These challenges are related to operationalization (measurement), synthesis and analysis of fairness in computations. Tackling these requires applying methodologies from a number of sub-areas within CS, including learning, datamining, IR, game-theory, privacy, and distributed systems. 

I discuss our recent breakthroughs in tackling some of these challenges, particularly our idea of fairness constraints, a flexible mechanism that allows us to constrain learning models to synthesize fair computations that are non-discriminatory, the first of our ten principles. I outline our plans to build upon our results to tackle the challenges that arise from the other nine fairness principles. Successful execution of the proposal will provide the foundations for fair social computing in the future.
FIRE AND WATER-RESISTANT CONTAINER

A fire-resistant container (14) having a full gasket (62) at the interface between hinged top (12) and bottom mating elements. The elements (12,10) are insulated and are formed with matable labyrinthine edges. One of the edges is provided with a smooth, soft gasket (62) disposed in a groove (54) in the labyrinth which forms a seal against a corresponding rib (60) in the opposing edge. The elements (12,10) are joined along common sides by a hinge (18), the rotational axis (16) of which is positioned in space relative to the gasket (62) and rib (60) such that, in closing of the container (14), the gasket (62) engages the rib (60) at all points substantially simultaneously. The hinged elements (12,10) are secured by over-center latch (28,30) such that when the container (14) is fully closed the rib (60) exerts a small and substantially uniform force against the gasket (62) to form a seal against fire and water.
Ethnicity matters: the experiences of minority groups in public health programs.

The minority population in the US is expected to overtake the nonHispanic Caucasian population by 2050. Compounding this demographic shift are the significant disparities between Caucasian and non Caucasian groups especially with regard to income, living standards, health and access to healthcare and vital services. Thus, healthcare and social service programs are being charged with identifying barriers and providing effective, culturally competent care to reduce these disparities in health and quality of life. But the issue of poverty and access is global and disparities affect communities worldwide. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to assess the service concerns of 137 low-income or poor consumers receiving healthcare and social services in publicly funded facilities. Utilizing a modified cultural competence assessment tool, this study evaluates the impact of race/ethnicity on the experiences of receiving vital services and identifies factors that impact the help-seeking decisions made by consumers. Recommendations for practitioners and organizations to help promote effective models of services for a vulnerable, diverse population are provided.
Mate availability facilitates cannibalistic behaviour in a nest brooding fish: effects of timing during the brood cycle

Abstract Filial cannibalism, eating one's own viable offspring, is accepted as an adaptive response to trade-offs between current and future reproduction. Theoretical models predict that high mate availability may induce more filial cannibalism, but this prediction is rarely tested. To examine this prediction, we performed laboratory experiments using the nest breeding goby Rhinogobius flumineus. Subject males were allowed to mate with a gravid female and care for the broods. A separate gravid female housed in a small cage (stimulus-female) was shown to the subject males at one of three different points during the brood cycle: prior to spawning, within 1 day after spawning and 1 week after spawning. Empty cages were shown as a control. Males that were shown the stimulus-female before spawning cannibalised more eggs than control males. In contrast, males that were shown the stimulus-females after spawning cannibalised as few eggs as control males did. Additionally, males that were shown the stimulus-female prior to spawning did not court females more intensively than other males. Thus, we suggest that the presence of an additional mate, rather than energy expenditure associated with courtship directed toward an additional mate, can facilitate males to cannibalise their eggs.
Hintikka-Style Semantic Games for Fuzzy Logics

Various types of semantics games for deductive fuzzy logics, most prominently for Łukasiewicz logic, have been proposed in the literature. These games deviate from Hintikka’s original game for evaluating classical first-order formulas by either introducing an explicit reference to a truth value from the unit interval at each game state (as in [4]) or by generalizing to multisets of formulas to be considered at any state (as, e.g., in [12,9,7,10]). We explore to which extent Hintikka’s game theoretical semantics for classical logic can be generalized to a many-valued setting without sacrificing the simple structure of Hintikka’s original game. We show that rules that instantiate a certain scheme abstracted from Hintikka’s game do not lead to logics beyond the rather inexpressive, but widely applied Kleene-Zadeh logic, also known as ‘weak Łukasiewicz logic’ or even simply as ‘fuzzy logic’ [27]. To obtain stronger logics we consider propositional as well as quantifier rules that allow for random choices. We show how not only various extensions of Kleene-Zadeh logic, but also proper extensions Łukasiewicz logic arise in this manner.KeywordsFuzzy LogicAtomic FormulaRandom ChoiceVariable AssignmentGame StateThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Ansa isomer selectivity in the reactions of cyclotetraphosphazene with octafluorohexane-1,6-diol

The reaction of octachlorocyclotetraphosphazene, N4P4Cl8 (1), in three stoichiometries (1:1, 1:2 and 1:3) with the sodium derivative of the fluorinated diol, 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluorohexane-1,6-diol (2), in THF solution at room temperature produced five products: the open chain compound N4P4Cl7[OCH2(CF2)4CH2OH] (3), the spiro compound N4P4Cl6[OCH2(CF2)4CH2O] (4b), the 1,5-ansa compound N4P4Cl6[OCH2(CF2)4CH2O] (4c), the cis-1,3;5,7-bis-ansa derivative N4P4Cl4[OCH2(CF2)4CH2O]2 (5a) and the 1,3;1,3;5,7;5.7-tetrakis-ansa compound, N4P4(OCH2(CF2)4CH2O)4 (6a). The structures were determined by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, 1H, 19F and 31P NMR spectroscopies and for compounds 4c and 5a, where suitable single crystals were obtained, the structures were characterised by X-ray crystallography. It was found that the (PN)4 ring in compound 4c is in a slightly-twisted tub conformation but in compound 5a the first symmetrical crown conformation of the (PN)4 ring is observed. The results of all the reactions were compared with previous work on the reaction of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, N3P3Cl6, with the sodium derivative of the diol (2), in a 1:1.2 mole ratio in the same solvent, where intermolecular bridging reactions were preferred. The regio-selective formation of mainly ansa derivatives of the fluorohexanediol with cyclotetraphosphazene was rationalised in terms of non-bonded 1,3 and 1,5 P…P distances of the tetramer ring.
Impact of nmda receptor diversity in sensory information processing

Synaptic variability between neuronal connections is thought to contribute to brain’s remarkable information processing capacities. In the adult brain, the density as well as subunit composition of synaptic NMDA receptors (NMDARs) varies considerably between synapses and between neurons. Despite the well documented heterogeneity of NMDARs the functional relevance of such diversity is poorly known. In the past, the functional relevance of such NMDAR diversity has been mostly considered in the context of neuronal development and long-term synaptic plasticity. Model simulations have highlighted that dendritic computations are strongly influenced by synaptic NMDARs densities and biophysical properties. Here I propose to directly study the consequence of NMDAR diversity in shaping integration properties of single neurons in primary somatosensory cortex (S1). To achieve this I will decompose this broad question into three specific tasks. 1-Assessment of NMDAR heterogeneity in glutamatergic neurons and study how this variability shapes dendritic integration. 2-Study the impact of NMDARs in signal computation among cortical interneurons. 3-Investigate the functional relationship between endogenous NMDAR modulators and NMDAR diversity. I plan to use an array of genetic, optogenetic and pharmacological tools in combination with imaging and electrophysiological techniques to achieve the proposed objectives. Importantly, in vivo electrophysiology and two-photon imaging will be used to assess the functional relevance of NMDARs heterogeneity in single neuron computational strategies during sensory stimulation. I expect to reveal that NMDAR diversity plays a fundamental role in sensory information processing by tuning the relative recruitment of inhibitory and excitatory neurons during sensory stimuli. This work will provide an original and important data set demonstrating how NMDARs diversity provides cortical neurons with the possibility to compute complex sensory information.
Future proofing the connected world: a quantum-resistant trusted platform module

The goal of FutureTPM is to design a Quantum-Resistant (QR) Trusted Platform Module (TPM) by designing and developing QR algorithms suitable for inclusion in a TPM. The algorithm design will be accompanied with implementation and performance evaluation, as well as formal security analysis in the full range of TPM environments: i.e. hardware, software and virtualization environments. Use cases in online banking, activity tracking and device management will provide environments and applications to validate the FutureTPM framework.

Security, privacy and trust in a computing system are usually achieved using tamper-resistant devices to provide core cryptographic and security functions. The TPM is one such device and provides the system with a root-of-trust and a cryptographic engine. However, to sustain this enhanced system security it is crucial that the crypto functions in the TPM are not merely secure for today but will also remain secure in the long-term against quantum attacks.

FutureTPM will address this challenge by providing robust and provably-secure QR algorithms for a new generation of TPMs. Research on quantum computers has drawn enormous attention from governments and industry; if, as predicted, a large-scale quantum computer becomes a reality within the next 15 years, existing public-key algorithms will be open to attack. Any significant change to a TPM takes time and requires theoretical and practical research before adoption. Therefore, to ensure a smooth transition to QR cryptography we should start now. A key strategic objective of FutureTPM is to contribute to standardization efforts at EU level within TCG, ISO/IEC and ETSI. The consortium consists of high calibre industrial and academic partners from across Europe, combining QR crypto researchers with TPM developers. Because the TPM shares many functions in common with other widely-used devices, such as HSMs and TEEs, the FutureTPM solution is expected to benefit them as well.
Spiel im Morgengrauen (1926/1927)

27 Jahre nach der Publikation von Lieutenant Gustl (1900) erscheint Schnitzlers zweite »Leutn[ants]novella « (Tb, 5.3.1924), Spiel im Morgengrauen, bei S. Fischer in Berlin. Der Entstehungsprozess der Novelle, die sich zugleich als Abwandlung und Aktualisierung früher Figuren und Grundmotive lesen lässt (vgl. Rey 1968, 126), erstreckt sich über einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren, wobei die Periode 1923/26 als eigentliche Schaffens- und Bearbeitungsphase zu betrachten ist. Nach den ersten Entwürfen im Mai 1916 (vgl. Kiermeier-Debre 2011, 137) nimmt Schnitzler die Novelle im September 1923 unter dem Arbeitstitel »Bezahlt« wieder auf (Tb, 29.9.1923), was im Juni 1924 zu einer ersten Niederschrift führt: »Dict. Bezahlt vorläufig zu Ende« (Tb, 16.6.1924).
A part to play: how caregivers shape infants' visual exploration and alter their neural mechanisms of attention

Infants learn and develop at incredible speed. Although relatively helpless at birth, infants undergo significant development in the first year of life in many domains. But how do infants learn so quickly? They likely gather information that is optimal for learning by systematically allocating their visual attention to specific types of stimuli. Allocation of visual attention can be (1) intrinsically driven to guide their explorations in the world, or (2) guided by other social agents. Moreover, infants’ intrinsic visual exploration may be dependent on the “hardware”: the brain. This project aims to develop a comprehensive account of how these mechanisms interact in full-term and pre-term infants. Visual exploration and attention is often disrupted in pre-term infants, which may contribute to developmental delays. Since the World Health Organization estimates that 15 million infants are born pre-term annually, it is crucial to investigate how infants visually explore their environment and how this can be promoted through social interactions. Research into infants’ visual attention has been conducted by scientists from various fields, but few attempts have been made to integrate these findings into a comprehensive framework. As such, the interplay between these factors remains unknown. This lack of integration causes severe gaps in our theoretical understanding, hindering the development of healthcare policies and interventions. InterPlay addresses these knowledge gaps by integrating previous observations into a comprehensive, longitudinal study. The findings will have implications for current scientific and therapeutic practices. If caregiver attention-guiding behaviours could compensate disruptions in pre-term infants’ visual exploration, this would offer great potential for interventions early in life. Furthermore, infants’ brain connectivity may provide a unique predictor for the necessity of intervention, allowing healthcare providers to act in a timely manner.
INNOVAZIONE AGILE 4.0 DEI PROCESSI LOGISTICI INTERNI E PRODUTTIVI

LA PRESENTE PROPOSTA PROGETTUALE SI PONE LÂ OBIETTIVO DI INNOVARE I PROCESSI LOGISTICI INTERNI E PRODUTTIVI DELLÂ AZIENDA, COMPRENDENDO SIA LÂ INNOVAZIONE DI PROCESSO CHE DELLÂ ORGANIZZAZIONE. NELLO SPECIFICO, CI SI PREFIGGE DI SNELLIRE, MIGLIORARE E INCREMENTARE LA PRODUTTIVITÃ DELLA VERNICIATURA, NONCHÃ© GESTIRE IL PROCESSO DI SPEDIZIONE IN UNÂ OTTICA OTTIMIZZATA SIA SULLA PARTE LOGISTICA CHE ORGANIZZATIVA.
A Review of Thermo-Oxidative Degradation of Food Lipids Studied by<sup>1</sup>H NMR Spectroscopy: Influence of Degradative Conditions and Food Lipid Nature

This review summarizes present-day knowledge provided by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) concerning food lipid thermo-oxidative degradation. The food lipids considered include edible oils and fats of animal and vegetable origin. The thermo-oxidation processes of food lipids of very different composition, occurring at low, intermediate, or high temperatures, with different food lipid surfaces exposed to oxygen, are reviewed. Mention is made of the influence of both food lipid nature and degradative conditions on the thermo-oxidation process. Interest is focused not only on the evolution of the compounds that degrade, but also on the intermediate or primary oxidation compounds formed, as well as on the secondary ones, from both qualitative and quantitative points of view. Very valuable qualitative and quantitative information is provided by 1H NMR, which can be useful for metabolomic and lipidomic studies. The chemical shift assignments of spectral signals of protons of primary (hydroperoxides and hydroxides associated with conjugated dienes) and secondary, or further (aldehydes, epoxides, among which 9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoate [leukotoxin] can be cited, alcohols, ketones) oxidation compounds is summarized. It is worth noting the ability of 1H NMR to detect toxic oxygenated α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, like 4-hydroperoxy-, 4,5-epoxy-, and 4-hydroxy-2-alkenals, which can be generated in the degradation of food lipids having omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated groups in both biological systems and foodstuffs. They are considered as genotoxic and cytotoxic, and are potential causative agents of cancer, atherosclerosis, and Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.
AuperiaJacquelin-Duval is a Junior Synonym ofEupariaLe Peletier De Saint-Fargeau and Serville andOdontolytesKozhantshikov is the Valid Name forAuperia sensuStebnicka (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae)

ABSTRACT Since Auperia Jacquelin-Duval, 1857 was established as an unnecessary replacement name for Euparia Le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau and Serville, 1828, both names are objective synonyms with Euparia being valid. The type species of both genera is Euparia castanea Le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau and Serville, 1828. Dellacasa's later fixation of Scarabaeus stercorator F., 1775 as type species for Auperia is invalid. Stebnicka's later fixation of Auperia denominata Chevrolat, 1864 as type species for “Auperia Chevrolat” is invalid because Chevrolat did not introduce a new name but just referred to Jacquelin-Duval's Auperia. Since Stebnicka synonymized the type species of Odontolytes Kozhantshikov, 1916, O. andamanensis Kozhantshikov, with a species of Phalangochaeta Martinez, 1952, Odontolytes becomes the valid name for Auperia sensu Stebnicka. Consequently, 18 species are transferred from Auperia sensu Stebnicka to Odontolytes which now contains 19 species.
Neuropsychological Deficits Associated With Route Learning in Alzheimer Disease, MCI, and Normal Aging

The background of route learning (RL) abilities in Alzheimer disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and normal aging needs further study. We searched for neuropsychological and demographical predictors of RL impairment.RL was investigated in a clinical study including subjects classified as early AD (n=37), MCI (n=34), and aged normal controls (n=46). An ecological assessment procedure of RL was employed and landmarks learning and navigational abilities were evaluated. The consortium to establish a registry of Alzheimer's disease test battery was used for neuropsychological assessment.Almost all AD patients, and most subjects with MCI misidentified landmarks and made navigational errors when following the route without assistance. Moreover, a small subgroup of normal controls also had problems with RL. Poor RL performance was best predicted by impairments in memory and executive functions.RL impairment is common in early AD and MCI, and is occasionally also found in normal elderly subjects. Its characteristic appearance is a combination of poor landmark recognition and defective directional guidance. Poor RL can be predicted by neuropsychological testing. In MCI and in a subset of normal aged persons, RL impairment may herald incipient dementia.
Analytic loop amplitudes from numerics and ansatz

The Standard Model of Particle Physics is impressively consistent with the experimental measurements at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, Geneva. In the coming years, with increased experimental statistics, precision will rise even further, allowing a unique opportunity to uncover new physics. A necessary component of this pursuit is a set of theoretical predictions made at the per cent level for a broad range of observables. In the past decade, previously unthinkable availability of precision predictions incorporating the leading quantum corrections has been made possible by technological leaps. Nevertheless, to match the discovery potential of the LHC in the near future, further theory advances will be needed.

In my recent work, I combined geometrical insights with exact numerical techniques, to perform world-first computations of the analytic form of a plethora of five-point, two-loop scattering amplitudes in both phenomenologically relevant and formally interesting theories. In this project, I will apply this technology to a range of QCD processes, culminating in new results with immediate relevance for next-to-next-to-leading order corrections at the LHC and improved fundamental understandings of scattering amplitudes. First, I will systematically apply the approach to the computation of non-planar five-parton amplitudes in QCD. Second, I will calculate the non-planar master integrals relevant for all two-loop five-point processes with one massive leg, for example the production of a Higgs boson with two jets. Then, I will break current complexity thresholds by computing the phenomenologically relevant scattering amplitudes for the production of a W, Z, or Higgs boson, each with two associated jets.

To achieve these lofty goals, I will draw on insights into the mathematical and physical structures underlying scattering amplitudes and employ modern tools such as finite-field arithmetic, analyticity-inspired techniques and computational algebraic geometry.
Culturally sensible digital place-making

Mediated XicanIndio Resolana is an interactive rhetorical space where multiple participants engage in three rounds of verbal discourse surrounding a special topic (Figure 1.1). In this space, discourse is coupled with the manipulation of digital media through cultural interaction protocols and symbolic gestures. Our aim is to use this system to conduct social and cultural work in middle and high school classrooms. As a design team that includes Chicano and Native American designers, we seek to express respectful and appropriate design sensibilities that derive from indigenous epistemologies. To achieve this we have sought critical feedback through our cross-cultural partnerships with members of various indigenous communities.In this paper, we will present (a) the theoretical foundations and educational needs that govern our design, (b) a design overview of the Mediated XicanIndio Resolana, and (c) the lessons we have learned through community discourse regarding the cultural sensibilities of our work.