SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Effects of shell morphological traits on the weight traits of Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum)

Abstract The shell length, height, and width, live body weight, and edible tissue weight of Manila clam of 1, 2, and 3 years of age were measured, and their correlation coefficients were calculated. The shell morphological traits were used as independent variables, and live body weight or edible tissue weigh used as a dependent variable for calculating the path coefficients, correlation index and determination coefficients. The results showed that the correlation coefficients between each shell morphological trait and the live body weight or edible tissue weight were all highly significant ( P R 2 ) of morphological traits against the live body weight of clams of all ages and edible tissue weight of 1-year-old clams were larger than 0.85, but R 2 of morphological traits against the edible tissue weight of 2- and 3-year-old clams was smaller than 0.85, indicating that some other factors might be associated with the edible tissue weight of 2- and 3-year-old clams. Multiple regression equations were obtained to estimate shell length X 1 (cm), shell height X 2 (cm), shell width X 3 (cm) against live body weight Y (g), edible tissue weight Z (g): for 1-year-old clams: Y  = −4.317 + 0.18 X 1  + 0.147 X 2 , ( X 1 X 2 Z  = −1.011 + 0.095 X 2 , ( X 2 Y  = −15.119 + 0.249 X 1  + 0.176 X 2  + 0.688 X 3 , ( X 1 X 3 Z  = −4.248 + 0.198 X 1 , ( X 1 X 3 Y  = −25.013 + 0.415 X 1  + 1.184 X 3 , ( X 1 X 3 Z  = −7.082 + 0.119 X 1  + 0.332 X 3 , ( X 1 X 3
SAFETY GLASS AND METHOD FOR OBTAINMENT

Safety glass and method for its obtainment wherein the purpose of the safety glass is to provide a high level of safety to the room surrounded at least partially by said glass, and is preferably applied to diverse vehicles.
Türkiye'de Turizm ve Ticari Açıklık Arasındaki İlişki: Toda ve Yamamoto Nedensellik Yaklaşımı

There are numerous studies focusing on the relationship between tourism and economic growth in the literature, whereas only a few studies analyze the relationship between tourism and trade openness. Hence, this study aims to determine the relationship between tourism and trade openness for Turkey. For this aim, Toda and Yamamoto causality approach has applied by using the annual data for the period 1980-2013. The empirical results of this causality approach indicate that there is a bidirectional causality between tourism and trade openness. The significance of the empirical results is that the tourism sector promotes trade openness. Overall it is considered that improvements in trade openness can affect positively the tourism sector. Furthermore, development in tourism sector can engender trade openness through increases of export.
Phase diagram of Ge:(C, Sn)

Abstract We present the self-assembling conditions of 1C4Sn tetrahedral nanoclusters with carbon atoms in their centers in Ge:(C, Sn) in the wide temperature range as a function of the impurity contents and temperature. These conditions are the phase diagram of Ge:(C, Sn) since nanocluster occurrence and completion of self-assembling when all carbon atoms are in nanoclusters are results of the continuous phase transitions. The significant decrease of the strain energy after formation of nanoclusters is a cause of self-assembling. It is shown that the nanocluster occurrence temperature depends only on the Sn content. The impurity content conditions when all carbon atoms are in 1C4Sn nanoclusters are obtained for the temperatures up to 855  ∘ C.
Does Widespread Lack Undermine the Socially Perceived Necessities Approach to Defining Poverty? Evidence from South Africa

Abstract The socially perceived necessities or ‘consensual’ approach to defining and measuring poverty is based on an assumption that it is possible to obtain a collective view from society on the necessities for an acceptable standard of living. The enforced lack of the necessities due – typically – to lack of resources can be regarded as poverty. The validity of the approach has been questioned on a number of grounds including the argument that people's socio-economic circumstances may influence what they define as a necessity. Widespread lack of material possessions and access to services could result in these items being regarded as ‘less necessary’, which in turn could artificially deflate the definition of poverty using this approach. Informed by the adaptive preferences literature and drawing on a nationally representative South African Socially Attitudes Survey this paper explores whether there is evidence in South Africa of an association between people's patterns of possession and their definition of items as essential. Notwithstanding the fact that possession of an item is strongly associated with people's preferences, the evidence on balance suggests that widespread lack does not undermine the validity of the approach.
Theoretical Performance Limits of a Biogas–Diesel Powered Dual Fuel Diesel Engine for Different Combinations of Compression Ratio and Injection Timing

AbstractThe present work attempts to investigate the effect of compression ratio (CR) and injection timing (IT) on the energy and the exergy potential of a biogas-run dual fuel diesel engine. For experimentation, a 3.5 kW single cylinder, four-stroke, direct injection, naturally aspirated, water cooled, variable compression ratio diesel engine is converted into a dual fuel engine. Experiments are conducted for 16 different combinations comprising of ITs of 23, 26, 29, and 32° before top dead center (BTDC) and CRs of 18, 17.5, 17, and 16 at full load condition of 4.24 bar of brake mean effective pressure. The parameters analyzed are the energy and exergy potential of fuel input, shaft work, cooling water, exhaust gas, exergy destruction, peak cylinder pressure, peak heat release rate, brake thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and entropy generation rate. The thermodynamic analysis indicates that the combination of IT = 29° BTDC and CR = 18 gives an improved performance of the bio...
Flow chemistry as a tool to access novel chemical space for drug discovery

This perspective scrutinizes flow chemistry as a useful tool for medicinal chemists to expand the current chemical capabilities in drug discovery. This technology has demonstrated his value not only for the traditional reactions used in Pharma for the last 20 years, but also for bringing back to the lab underused chemistries to access novel chemical space. The combination with other technologies, such as photochemistry and electrochemistry, is opening new avenues for reactivity that will smoothen the access to complex molecules. The introduction of all these technologies in automated platforms will improve the productivity of medicinal chemistry labs reducing the cycle times to get novel and differentiated bioactive molecules, accelerating discovery cycle times.
The quintessential Christian tomb: saints, professors, and Riccio's tomb design

This article examines Andrea Riccio's design of the Della Torre tomb monument in Verona – one of Riccio's major commissions that long merited further study. In this design the artist challenged the modes of contemporary funerary art. Although the absence of Christian iconography and the strict all'antica visual language may appear to break with the decorum of Christian funerary art, I argue that Riccio drew on an overtly Christian design – the tombs of saints. By drawing upon the typology of the tombs of saints, the structure of the Della Torre monument signalled to the viewer the didactic nature of Riccio's narrative programme. Understanding the design of the monument casts greater light on the tomb's programme and the sophisticated nature of Riccio's work.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR OPERATING A MOTOR VEHICLE ACCORDING TO THE FILLING LEVEL OF THE FUEL TANK

The invention relates to a method for operating a motor vehicle, in particular utility vehicle, which has a hybrid drive device (2), with an internal combustion engine (3) to which a fuel tank (8) is assigned, wherein a filling level of the fuel tank (8) is monitored, and with at least one further drive machine (4) to which an energy store (10) is assigned. There is provision that if it is detected that the filling level undershoots a predefinable minimum filling level, the motor vehicle is driven by means of the further drive machine (4) until the energy made available by the energy store (10) is consumed, and virtually consumed.
Synthesis of spirooxindoles and indoles pharmaceuticals using metal-organic frameworks

SINMOF is a pioneering and structured effort to comprehensively address the introduction of different immobilised isolated catalytic active sites in solid hybrid materials to overcome the metal losses occurring with state-of-the-art homogeneous catalysts employed in the pharmaceutical industry. The convenient use of hybrid metal-organic framework materials (MOFs) respect to traditional state-of-the-art porous solid materials is due to (a) self-deactivation-resistant design of the active sites by (b) ultrastable catalytic site isolation. In the SINMOF project we will (1) design novel multifunctional MOFs as next generation catalysts for the synthesis of pharmaceutically active compounds in an economically and environmentally beneficial way; (2) apply MOF hybrid solids as heterogeneous catalysts to avoid the use of homogeneous metal catalysts in novel synthetic strategies of pharmaceuticals with the indole core and finally (3) derive structure-activity and selectivity relationships at the smallest possible length scales and with the highest possible sensitivities employing fluorescence microscopy. Using a two-stage research methodology, SINMOF will finally provide the most active and stable MOF catalyst for the synthesis of the indole-based neurotransmitter Sumatriptan and the anticancerigen spirooxindole SAR405838. The combined expertise of the fellow and host ensures the best chance for successfully completing the SINMOF objectives in a mutually beneficial manner. On one side, internal collaborations at the host institution will allow the access to state-of-the-art fluorescence microscopy methods, to get new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the novel catalytic systems. On the other side, a secondment at a world-leading research center in the homogeneous catalysis field will train the researcher in order to individuate the best molecular features for model homogeneous catalysts to be translated into selective heterogeneous MOF catalytic system.
Inhibitory effect of brazilein on tyrosinase and melanin synthesis: Kinetics and in silico approach

In our present study, the inhibitory effect of brazilein from Caesalpinia sappan on tyrosinase activity was investigated through multi-spectroscopic and molecular docking techniques. The result has shown that brazilein reversibly inhibited tyrosinase in a mixed type manner. The interaction of brazilein with the amino acid residues of tyrosinase has been validated through fluorescence quenching studies. Copper interaction studies suggested that brazilein could bind with copper ions of the enzyme. Circular dichroism analysis confirmed that brazilein induced secondary structural changes in tyrosinase. Docking studies further authenticate that brazilein forms hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding with the active site residues of tyrosinase. Moreover, in vitro studies confirmed that the inhibitory mechanism of cellular tyrosinase and melanin synthesis by brazilein in B16F0 melanoma cells. These results suggested that brazilein act as a potential tyrosinase inhibitor and it would contribute as a of novel tyrosinase inhibitor in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry.
Euromix

Euromix aim to develop an experimentally verified, tiered strategy for the risk assessment of mixtures of multiple chemicals derived from multiple sources across different life stages. The project takes account of the gender dimension and balances the risk of chemicals present in foods against the benefits of those foods.
Important concepts for this new strategy are prioritisation criteria for chemicals based on their exposure and hazard characteristics and evaluation of the role of mode of action in grouping chemicals into cumulative assessment groups. In-silico and in-vitro tools will be developed and verified against in-vivo experiments, with focus on four selected endpoints (liver, hormones, development and immunology) to provide a full proof-of-principle. The EuroMix project will result in an innovative platform of bioassays for mixture testing and refined categorisation of chemicals in cumulative assessment groups.
New hazard and exposure models will be embedded in a model toolbox, made available for stakeholders through an openly accessible web-based platform. Access to the web-based tools will be facilitated by training. Criteria will be set and guidance will be written on how to use and implement the tiered test strategy. Dissemination and harmonisation of the approach within EU, Codex Alimentarius, and WHO will be achieved by involving a.o. WHO and US-EPA in the project and by the participation of experts playing a key role in helping establish international food safety policies.
It is expected that the new mechanism-based strategy, the bioassay platform,  the openly accessible web-based model toolbox, and clear guidance on a tiered hazard and exposure test and risk assessment strategy  will boost innovation in the public and private sector, provide a sound scientific basis for managing risks to public health from chemical mixtures, ultimately reduce the use of laboratory animals, and support the global discussion of risk assessment policies for mixtures.
Role of mtor signaling dysregulation in the tumor suppressor networks in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the predominant form of liver cancer and a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Inactivation of different tumor suppressors, whose cooperation forms tumor suppressor networks, has been linked to HCC development, but the genetic events involved in HCC are still poorly understood. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is essential for cell growth and metabolism, and its hyper-activation plays an important role in pathogenesis and prognosis of HCC. However, the relationship between mTOR signaling dysregulation and the tumor suppressor networks in HCC, and whether mTOR inhibition could be a therapeutic strategy in some types of HCC remain largely unknown. Here I propose to use a genome-wide CRISPR knockout library to screen potential tumor suppressors in implanted mouse HCC models. The mouse hepatocytes depleted of different mTOR pathway components, with differential mTOR activities, will be separately infected with the CRISPR knockout library and implanted into immunocompromised mice to induce tumor. The goal of the proposed project is to understand the role of mTOR signaling dysregulation in the tumor suppressor networks in HCC. The specific objectives are: 1) to understand the tumor suppressor networks in HCC with differential mTOR activities in a genome-wide scale, 2) to examine how mTOR dysregulation controls the landscape of tumor suppressors, and 3) to explore whether mTOR inhibition could be developed as a treatment for specific subclasses of HCC. Using a combination of state-of-the-art CRISPR screening, molecular and cell biology, mouse models, next-generation sequencing, and bioinformatics tools, this project will link the mTOR signaling to tumor suppressor networks. This study will also unravel fundamental mechanisms underlying liver cancer development and contribute to potential targeted therapy.
Diagnostic performance of the human serum ferritin level decreased due to mobile phone exposure.

Sir,

In the recent publication by Movahedi et al.,[1] it is stated that determination of serum ferritin level, a sensitive inflammatory biomarker, has been identified as a diagnostic marker of acute phase reactions, including inflammatory conditions.[1] However, determination of the power and the best cut-off point of this biomarker for predicting preterm labor play a critical rule for the diagnostic performance of this intracellular iron storage protein.[1]

Determination of ferritin is performed based on an immunoassay technique and it should be noted that since each laboratory has its own conditions and instruments, results obtained in various laboratories may differ from each other.[2,3]

Recently Shahbazi et al. have investigated that, mobile phones exposure results in reduction of human chorionic gonadotropin during the immunoenzymometric assay in laboratory.[4]

This study aimed to investigate whether the ferritin levels in the test could be interfered by the exposure to the 900 MHz cell phones in the laboratory. Fifty human serum wells from 25 normal healthy donors were placed into two batches, and the well heads in the first batch were exposed to 900 MHz exposure emitted from a speech mode cell phone (Nokia, Model 1202, India) for 30 minute. Unexposed batch was served as the control sample under identical conditions and was compared with the exposed one in quantitative determination of ferritin using the Wilcoxon test with criterion level of P = 0.050.

Results revealed that, ferritin level in the exposed batch showed a significant decrease in werum ferritin relative to the control batch (P = 0.029) [Figure 1]. Radiofrequency electromagnetic waves emitted from cell phones may lead to oxidative stress and rapid diffusion of the human ferritin. Also, the enzyme activity can be affected.



Figure 1

Human serum ferritin level (average ± SD) among control and the exposed groups.



The evaluation of the diagnostic performance of the human serum ferritin in the laboratory needs further considerations. Moreover, effect of exposure from mobile phones is a complex process that needs the combined contributions of many scientific regulations.
CREPING ADHESIVES

Creping adhesives, and methods for making and using them in the creping of cellulosic fiber webs. The creping adhesives are a combination of polyamine-epihalohydrin and poly(vinyl alcohol). The method comprises the preparation and application of the creping adhesives to attain strong adhesion of fiber webs onto a drying surface, and the creping of the fiber webs to obtain a soft, bulky tissue paper web.
Modelling and strategies for the assessment and optimisation of energy usage aspects of rail innovation

The aim of OPEUS is to develop a simulation methodology and accompanying modelling tool to evaluate, improve and optimise the energy consumption of rail systems with a particular focus on in-vehicle innovation. 
The OPEUS concept is based on the need to understand and measure the energy being used by each of the relevant components of the rail system and in particular the vehicle. This includes the energy losses in the traction chain, the use of technologies to reduce these and to optimise energy consumption (e.g. ESSs). Specifically, the OPEUS approach has three components at its core: i) the energy simulation model ii) the energy use requirements (e.g. duty cycles) and iii) the energy usage outlook and optimisation strategies recommendation. 
The concept builds on an extensive range of knowledge and outcomes generated by a number of key collaborative projects (e.g. CleanER-D, MERLIN, OSIRIS, RailEnergy, ROLL2RAIL) underpinning the research proposed, ALL of which have been led by OPEUS consortium members. Particularly the tool developed for the CleanER-D project will be used as starting point. Significant complementary work from the academic community will also be used to enhance the activities of the project. Specifically, these previous projects input will be used to:
• Expand and develop the simulation tool (CleanER-D, MERLIN);
• Complete the operational requirements by enhancing the urban duty cycles (OSiRIS);
• Provide a global vision of energy consumption in railways (CleanER-D, OSIRIS, RailEnergy)
OPEUS’ ambition is to firmly contribute to the following key areas:
• Understand energy consumption of urban railways;
• Develop a tool to objectively compare technologies and strategies aimed at optimising the energy usage of railway systems;
• Unlock the potential contribution that novel technologies and associated strategies can make to optimising rail energy consumption;
• Share a global vision for how energy is used in railways
Mass movements along a rapidly uplifting river valley: an example from the upper Jinsha River, southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau

Because of the rapid uplift of the Tibetan Plateau since the middle and late Pleistocene, the surrounding mountainous areas of the Tibetan Plateau also show a rapid uplift trend. The study area is located in the upper reaches of the Jinsha River, southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Tectonically, the study area is located in the eastern segment of the Jinshajiang suture zone, which is the weak belt of the lithosphere. Affected by the rapid uplift, steep slopes are formed by the rapid vertical down-cutting of rivers in the studied reach. Under the sustained action of the gravitational field, the deformation and failure of slopes readily occur. To better formulate development and risk mitigation plans, a mass movement inventory map at the scale of 1:50,000 was prepared for the 100 km long reach. A total of 247 mass movements of different types, sizes and relative ages were mapped via image interpretation and detailed field survey. The statistical analysis of their spatial distributions was performed using two relative concentration indexes. The correlations between the spatial distribution and six common factors were analyzed: elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, lithology, active fault, and river system. The geomorphological survey shows that the mass movements locally play an important role in the present-day landscape evolution. In addition, the geomorphic features indicate that the mapped giant landslides can be classified as very old landslides, and they very likely occurred under a different morphoclimatic environment than that of the present.
Definition and Time Evolution of Correlations in Classical Statistical Mechanics

The study of dense gases and liquids requires consideration of the interactions between the particles and the correlations created by these interactions. In this article, the N-variable distribution function which maximizes the Uncertainty (Shannon’s information entropy) and admits as marginals a set of (N−1)-variable distribution functions, is, by definition, free of N-order correlations. This way to define correlations is valid for stochastic systems described by discrete variables or continuous variables, for equilibrium or non-equilibrium states and correlations of the different orders can be defined and measured. This allows building the grand-canonical expressions of the uncertainty valid for either a dilute gas system or a dense gas system. At equilibrium, for both kinds of systems, the uncertainty becomes identical to the expression of the thermodynamic entropy. Two interesting by-products are also provided by the method: (i) The Kirkwood superposition approximation (ii) A series of generalized superposition approximations. A theorem on the temporal evolution of the relevant uncertainty for molecular systems governed by two-body forces is proved and a conjecture closely related to this theorem sheds new light on the origin of the irreversibility of molecular systems. In this respect, the irreplaceable role played by the three-body interactions is highlighted.
SUCTION TUBE CONSTRUCTION, AN EVAPORATOR USING SUCH A SUCTION TUBE CONSTRUCTION AND A DOMESTIC REFRIGERATING DEVICE WITH THE SUCTION TUBE CONSTRUCTION OR WITH AN EVAPORATOR USING THE LATTER.

The invention relates to a suction tube construction for an evaporator of a refrigerating unit, which comprises a suction tube (3) and a throttling tube (1), which proceed in contact with one another and consist of two different metals.  At least one of the tubes (1) is provided with an electrically insulating plastic coating (2).