SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Foraging at the edge of capitalism

In this moment of economic and environmental breakdown, an unexpected source of income has risen in global importance: foraging. In Tibet and Nepal, scores of collectors rush to the mountains each spring to collect yartsagunbu – a rare mushroom more valuable than gold. In Siberia, “tuskers” scavenge for woolly mammoth ivory in the thawing permafrost. From Amazonia to Mongolia, artisanal miners extract precious minerals where transnational conglomerates have left. In the US, “Amazon nomads” tour foreclosed shops and sell their bounty online.

Broadly understood as practices of collecting, scavenging and gleaning, foraging is a global phenomenon of our times. However, it only gains patchy attention in mainstream debates on conservation and development. What is missing is a conceptual understanding of foraging as a basic economic strategy and a form of socio-environmental entanglement. The objective of this project is to take on this task and develop a political ecology of foraging in the Anthropocene.

The project is timely. In the aftermath of the world financial crisis between 2008 to 2011, foraging has gained in relevance around the globe. In an era when the dream of a middle-class life based on a stable, salaried job no longer seems viable, and in places where the welfare state is under pressure, has never existed or has vanished, foraging is often the only avenue to upward social mobility. At the same time, the climate crisis and concerns for the rapid loss of biodiversity are raising the urgency for environmental conservation. To understand the evolving frictions at this interface is highly relevant at this historical moment – both in academia and beyond.

Interdisciplinary in outlook but grounded in anthropology, the project will be carried out by an international team of five researchers at the Rachel Carson Center, LMU Munich. Outputs include 2 monograph, 3 edited collections, 3 PhD thesis, 12 peer-reviewed articles, a film and an exhibition.
Central Masking: Fact or Artifact?

Fourteen people with normal hearing participated in a study that used signal detection theory to examine central auditory masking. Participants were tested in a sound-attenuating chamber. Absolute thresholds for stimuli (1000 Hz pure-tone, white noise masker at 40 dB SL) were established: first for the tone, then for the tone in combination with the masker in the contralateral ear. A mean threshold increase (3.8 dB) demonstrated central masking. Contrary to prediction, a paired-samples t-test revealed significant shifts in participant sensitivity (d´) [t (10) = 4.46, p < .001], suggesting that participants’ sensitivity to the tone decreased in the masking condition. These findings provide support for the theory that central masking is an auditory processing phenomenon.
Control of surface recombination loss in solar cells

Surface recombination in solar cells that is produced by band bending at the surface of the semiconductor which is in turn caused by defect states which pin the Fermi level at the surface, may be improved by applying a surface layer which may be a plasma oxide that has been hydrogen annealed and this layer may also be useful as an antireflecting coating.
Evidence for cultural dialects in vocal emotion expression: Acoustic classification within and across five nations.

The possibility of cultural differences in the fundamental acoustic patterns used to express emotion through the voice is an unanswered question central to the larger debate about the universality versus cultural specificity of emotion. This study used emotionally inflected standard-content speech segments expressing 11 emotions produced by 100 professional actors from 5 English-speaking cultures. Machine learning simulations were employed to classify expressions based on their acoustic features, using conditions where training and testing were conducted on stimuli coming from either the same or different cultures. A wide range of emotions were classified with above-chance accuracy in cross-cultural conditions, suggesting vocal expressions share important characteristics across cultures. However, classification showed an in-group advantage with higher accuracy in within- versus cross-cultural conditions. This finding demonstrates cultural differences in expressive vocal style, and supports the dialect theory of emotions according to which greater recognition of expressions from in-group members results from greater familiarity with culturally specific expressive styles.
COSMOPOLITISMO, PRÁTICAS DE MOBILIDADE E JUVENTUDE: A EXPERIÊNCIA DO INTERCÂMBIO ACADÊMICO ENTRE UNIVERSITÁRIOS BRASILEIROS

Resumo Os intercâmbios acadêmicos têm se tornado uma das principais políticas de internacionalização do ensino superior no Brasil e no mundo. Além de permitir aos estudantes a experiência de viver em outro país, aprender uma nova língua e adquirir novas habilidades, a eles estão associadas esperanças de renovação, atualização e modernização das universidades brasileiras. O presente artigo busca compreender as dinâmicas desse processo, articulando-o ao debate sobre cosmopolitismo, que sustenta parte do discurso acerca da ciência como projeto universal. Pretende ainda analisar a experiência de estudantes brasileiros que, financiados por sua própria universidade, puderam cursar parte de sua graduação em uma instituição estrangeira. Observa-se, em suas experiências, ganhos tanto em relação a suas trajetórias quanto às percepções sobre a universidade e a vida acadêmica.
Mechanisms and neuronal networks involved in reactive and proactive cognitive control of interference in working memory

• Processing stage at which conflict occurs determines control mechanisms. • Different mechanisms underlie proactive and reactive control in working memory. • Distinct neuronal networks are involved in proactive and reactive control. • Some brain regions possess functions that are relevant in both control modes. Cognitive control can be reactive or proactive in nature. Reactive control mechanisms, which support the resolution of interference, start after its onset. Conversely, proactive control involves the anticipation and prevention of interference prior to its occurrence. The interrelation of both types of cognitive control is currently under debate: Are they mediated by different neuronal networks? Or are there neuronal structures that have the potential to act in a proactive as well as in a reactive manner? This review illustrates the way in which integrating knowledge gathered from behavioral studies, functional imaging, and human electroencephalography proves useful in answering these questions. We focus on studies that investigate interference resolution at the level of working memory representations. In summary, different mechanisms are instrumental in supporting reactive and proactive control. Distinct neuronal networks are involved, though some brain regions, especially pre-SMA, possess functions that are relevant to both control modes. Therefore, activation of these brain areas could be observed in reactive, as well as proactive control, but at different times during information processing.
Mud-brick composition, archeological phasing and pre-planning in Iron Age structures: Tel ‘Eton (Israel) as a test-case

The eighth century BCE city at Tel ‘Eton (Israel) was destroyed by the Assyrian army, probably during Sennacherib’s campaign of 701. Building 101, sealed within the heavy conflagration caused by this destruction, was uncovered almost in its entirety on the top of the mound. From the beginning, it was apparent that the structure had two major building phases, and while its initial construction was of high quality, later additions were much inferior. Analyses of mud-brick walls for firing temperatures, texture, carbonate content, color, and dimensions approved the observation regarding the differences between the two phases, but consistently pointed out that one wall, initially attributed to the first phase, was analytically different, comprising an intermediate phase. This conclusion not only altered our understanding of the building construction, adding heretofore unknown building phase, but also gave us insights into the pre-planning of Building 101, indicating that some rooms had originally two doorways. Such a configuration allowed easy subdivision of spaces according to needs, without harming the overall structural stability. Differences in inner division of similar Iron Age houses were identified in the past and were attributed to differences in the life cycles of families. The evidence from Tel ‘Eton suggests that such future changes were taken into considerations when the structures were built.
ARTICULATED JOINT, IN PARTICULAR A DOOR HINGE, HAVING A DEVICE FOR FASTENING A FIRST MOVEMENT ELEMENT

Articulated joint, in particular door hinge, having a device for fixing a first movement element which is coupled movably to a second movement element. For this purpose, the device has a fastening unit, which has at least one first and one second braking element, the first braking element being connected to the first movement element and the second braking element being connected to the second movement element, and has a mechanical switching unit which can take up a coupling state and at least one separating state, in the coupling state the switching unit releasing the action of a force on the braking elements, so that said braking elements enter into engagement with one another, and in the separating state the switching unit blocking the action of the force on the braking elements, so that said braking elements become detached from one another.
Values across space and time

The discussion on values is now as pertinent as ever. The vision of VAST is to bring (moral) values to the forefront in the field of advanced digitisation. VAST seeks to study European values across space and time and to exploit the digitised tangible and intangible cultural assets associated with values, in order to support and empower cultural heritage institutions and practitioners, promoting this way Europe’s cultural heritage. Emphasis will be placed in those values considered fundamental for European Union and a unifying axis for all member states, forming sustainable communities and enabling citizens to live well together, such as freedom, democracy, equality, tolerance, dialogue, human dignity, and the rule of law. By providing advanced modelling, methods, techniques and digital tools, VAST will study how the meaning of specific values has been expressed through different narratives and user experiences. We aim to track these values in different mediums across space and time. We will study (1) values in ancient Greek tragedies and how they are appropriated by contemporary theatrical plays and audiences, (2) values in works of seventeenth-century natural philosophy and how they are received by experts in science museums and museum visitors and (3) values in folktales across countries and time periods, through a cross cultural perspective and how these values are received by storytelling experts in fairytale museums and museum visitors. VAST will create a collaborative platform to assist scholars, researchers, artists, museums and educators to curate, re-use and re-purpose this material, re-visiting moral values in the context of modern society. We will combine a storytelling platform with crowdsourcing, by providing a storytelling application that will allow the users to create their own stories and remix the content together with pre-selected tags of values, supporting the continuous consolidation of assets.
PENERAPAN DAN FUNGSI MANAJEMEN RISIKO FLUKTUASI HARGA BATU BARA BERDASARKAN ISO 31000 (Studi Kasus pada Perusahaan Distributor Alat Berat PT X)

This paper examines the implementation and the advantage of risk management based on ISO 31000. This research focuses on the implementation of risk management to manage the coal price volatility risk in heavy equipment distributor called PT X. The purpose of this research is to conceive the commitment of PT X in implementing risk management, analyze how PT X manages the coal price volatility risk, and conceive the advantage after implementing risk management. A triangulation approach was adopted to get data collection and analysis for the study. Risk management unit of PT X and PT Y, as the parent company of PT X, had been chosen as the sample of this qualitative research. From the result of interview process with several informants and company’s documents, it is found that there is suitability of the risk management implementation in PT X with ISO 31000. PT X started the implementation of risk management by having strong commitment from the company, such as by having strong commitment and mandate from the top management, company’s risk management culture, company policy related to risk management, and company’s risk management organization structure. PT X manages the coal price volatility risk by implementing a series of process of identifying risk, analyzing risk, risk control, risk treatment, monitoring, and review. PT X gains several advantages of implementing risk management, such as obtaining assurance of the strategy implementation, providing information for decision-making process and strategy establishment, and embedding the risk awareness among managerial levels.
Study of socio-demographic factors affecting prevalence of hypertension among bank employees of Surat City

Cardiovascular diseases including hypertension are increasing in developing countries especially among high-risk group people like bank employees. A cross-sectional study of 1493 bank employees of Surat city was conducted during August, 2004 to September, 2005 to study the prevalence of hypertension among bank employees and the effects of socio-demographic factors on prevalence of hypertension. Data were analyzed using epi 6 software. The χ[2] -test was applied as a nonparametric test of statistical significance. Prevalence of hypertension was 30.4% and prehypertension was 34.5%. Out of 455 found as hypertensive, 258 (56.70%) were not having any symptoms at the time of examination. Prevalence was high among persons with age 50 years and above (48.5%); among male (32.5%) as compared to female (23.1%); among employees having small family size; among separated/divorcee person (40.0%). Prevalence of hypertension increased with seniority of the official position of bank employee with highest prevalence among managers (45.9%). Prevalence of hypertension was noted highest among the higher socioeconomic group; SEC I (35.0%) followed by class II (20.4%). Effects of different risk factors of hypertension were observed here. This study may help in identifying the common profile of hypertensive or persons at risk, which may further help in identifying the risk group and planning the group specific IEC interventions.
Propagandas que utilizam o desengajamento moral como proposta de confronto a hipocrisia reduzirão a violência contra à mulher?

A pesquisa que se segue é uma continuação do trabalho Mídia e Psicologia: Estratégias deRedução da Violência Doméstica, Estudo de psicologia (Campinas) e checou o efeito eeficácia da utilização de mecanismos do desengajamento moral em peças publicitárias comoproposta de redução da hipocrisia e combate da violência contra à mulher a partir dosresultados obtidos pelo estudo anterior e tomando como base sugestões feitas pararealização futura em teste e aplicações e tomando por base o período de isolamento socialdevido à pandemia de COVID-19 e o aumento de casos no Brasil de violência doméstica.Foram realizados um pré-teste para averiguar o quão cognitiva eram as frases relacionadasaos mecanismos de desengajamento moral e um estudo composto por homens utilizando asfrases em peças, desenvolvidas e adaptadas para a presente pesquisa, em formatotradicional de denúncia como as propagandas utilizadas na mídia contra a violência contra àmulher, modificando, além das frases, as figuras que normalmente são representadas pelafigura feminina, utilizando masculinas em todas. O pré-teste revelou uma taxa deconcordância das frases como tendo base cognitiva permitindo assim a utilização para apesquisa central. Neste estudo os resultados do questionário após a análise das peçaspublicitárias, revelou uma concordância com as afirmações feitas a respeito da parte técnicae publicitária das peças que foram apresentadas. A segunda parte e ponto central do estudofoi o questionário adaptado do instrumento de Buzz e Perry que verificou o nível deagressividade, apresentando resultados baixos.
Overview of the evidence on digital breast tomosynthesis in breast cancer detection

Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT, or 3D-mammography), a three-dimensional derivative of digital mammography (DM), reduces the effect of tissue superimposition and may improve mammographic interpretation. In this review, we examined the evidence on the accuracy of DBT in clinical studies. Published studies of DBT were relatively small studies, mostly test-set observer (reader) studies or clinical series that included symptomatic and screen-recalled cases, and were generally enriched with cancers. With these limitations in mind, the evidence showed some consistent findings, summarized as follows: two-view DBT has at least equal or better accuracy than standard two-view DM, whereas one-view DBT does not have better accuracy than standard DM; the addition of DBT to standard mammography (for mammographic interpretation or for assessment or triage of screen-recalled abnormalities) increases accuracy; improved accuracy from using DBT (relative to, or added to, DM) may be due to increased cancer detection or due to reduced false positive recalls, or both; and subjective interpretation of cancer conspicuity consistently found that cancers were equally or more conspicuous on DBT relative to DM. Preliminary data from population screening trials suggest that the integration of DBT with conventional DM (screen-reading using combined 2D + 3D mammography) may substantially improve breast cancer detection, although final results are not yet available, and many logistical issues need further evaluation to determine the potential implications and cost of combined 2D + 3D mammographic screening. At present, there is insufficient evidence to justify a change from standard DM to DBT however the available data strongly support investment in new large-scale population screening trials. These trials need to avoid the 'double' acquisitions required for 2D + 3D mammograms, and should therefore focus on evaluating integrated 2Dsynthetic + 3D mammography (where 2D-images are reconstructed from the DBT acquisition), and should consider using a randomized design.
Answering the big questions about differential response in Colorado: Safety and cost outcomes from a randomized controlled trial

Over the past 20 years, jurisdictions across the United States have implemented differential response (DR), which provides child protective services with the flexibility to tailor their response to reports of child abuse or neglect based on the level of risk. Given the widespread adoption of DR, there has been an increasing demand from policymakers, practitioners, and community stakeholders to build the evidence base for this innovative child welfare approach. This study was designed to answer the big questions regarding the effect of differential response on child welfare outcomes and costs using a randomized controlled trial in five Colorado counties. Specifically, the study examined the safety outcomes and costs of families who were randomly assigned to either a family assessment response (FAR) or an investigation response (IR). According to the regression results, there were no differences between the tracks on measures of system re-involvement. However, survival analysis findings indicate that FAR families were 18% less likely, over time, to have a high risk assessment after their initial accepted referral than were IR families. The cost study revealed no differences between the tracks on initial costs for caseworker contacts, services, and out-of-home placements. However, the results suggest that follow-up costs for IR cases were significantly higher (p<0.001) than for FAR cases. The authors discuss policy and practice implications for jurisdictions considering DR.
SUstainable fiSHeries wIth DROnes data Processing

Within SUSHI-DROP, a customized unmanned underwater vehicles will be developed and equipped with acoustical and optical technologies in order to implement a non-invasive mean to assess environmental status of habitats, fish stocks population and, in general, to monitor the biodiversity of marine ecosystems. We are planning to assess the accuracy of the opto-acoustic surveys in deriving single-species abundance indices (in numbers or weight) for direct input into stock assessments, and to evaluate the benefits brought by these new technologies with respect to the classical procedures based on fish sampling. Moreover, a dedicated open-access database system will be created to collect, maintain and share the scientific data acquired by the UUVs.
Coast to coast - Creating a naturalistic/archaeological park in the Po Delta area. 

Integrated project “Coast to Coast” promotes and supports the socio-economic development of the area of the Po Delta and consists of five actions aimed at intensifying cooperation among Italian and Slovenian institutions and economic operators, by generating a tourist, cultural, environmental and educational flow exchange between the two shores of the Adriatic. The project, identified by the code BAVEN111068, aims at establishing the Naturalistic and Archaeological Park of the Po Delta, located near the town of Adria, in that it already hosts a National Archaeological Museum and is a well-known and lively cultural centre in Veneto. A large number of excavations and finds can be found here, such as the archaic settlement, the pre-Roman necropolises, the Etruscan outpost on the sea, the Roman settlement and necropolis, and a milestone of the Via Popillia that connected San Basilio with Adria, running through the territory that today forms the Municipality of Corbola. Specifically, project activities centre on the creation of tourist-cultural itineraries that will ensure the fruition of a unique archaeological and cultural heritage, as well as cataloguing activities, the restoration of some of these sites, the access to and fruition of the sites - also virtually - by developing a suitable interaction with similar projects or schemes already implemented in the Low Friuli plain and in the Slovenian area, through the adoption of information technologies and the support of joint promotional actions. The project will be completed with the creation of bicycle and pedestrian routes and itineraries in adjacent Municipalities, so that the Park can become an important point of reference for cultural tourism in the area, also thanks to a markedly educationoriented approach in direct contact, through a computerised system, with the Visitors’ Centre and the other Museums participating in this initiative (Aquileia, Piran-Pirano and Koper-Capodistria).