SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Transnational advocacy and corporate accountability for major international crimes

This project provides crucial insights into the transnational mobilisations and counter-mobilisations for holding multinational corporations and their representatives accountable for complicity in major international crimes (genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity) committed during dictatorships and violent conflicts since the 1970s. It brings three major innovations to an emergent literature in the fields of transitional justice and international criminal law that recently turned its attention to corporate accountability: 1) It delivers a critical sociological analysis of both advocacy movements and business groups and associations involved in transnational accountability campaigns, focusing on their political, professional and regional activist agendas and divergent approaches to corporate liability. 2) It analyses various ideas and strategies of dealing with corporate violence and illuminates the socio-political conditions under which they succeed in enforcing accountability. 3) It explores how different visions of human rights, economic globalisation, development and democratisation shape accountability strategies. To achieve these objectives, the project focuses on four types of transnational campaigns that spread across the Global South and the Global North and on the resulting response from states, international organisations, and business groups: a) advocacy for criminalising corporate misconduct in international/regional treaties; b) civil and criminal litigations; c) legislative initiatives for prohibiting trade with and investment in dictatorial settings; and d) boycotts. Through its global geographical scope, the diversity of pro-accountability actors and business groups involved, and the plurality of repertoires and arenas of transnational activism, the project examines both the convergence of an international anti-impunity ethos and the fragmentation of ideas about corporate accountability on a global level.
C-N Bond Coupling Reactions of Ammonia with Acetone Promoted by Iridium and Rhodium Complexes: Experimental and DFT Studies

Treatment of acetone solutions of the known chlorido-bridged complexes [{M(m-Cl)(cod)}2] (M = Ir, Rh; cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) under an ammonia atmosphere afforded the cationic complexes [M(cod)(kN,kN-NH2-C(CH3)2-CH2-C(CH3)=NH)]Cl (M = Ir (3), Rh (4)). The molecular structures of 3 and 4 showed the formation of six-membered metallacycles due to the presence of a 4-imino-2-methylpentan-2-amino kN,kN-chelated ligand. Alternatively, the cations [M(cod)(NCCH3)2]BF4 (M = Ir, Rh) reacted with gaseous ammonia at atmospheric pressure affording bis ammine complexes [M(cod)(NH3)2]BF4 (M = Ir (5), Rh (6)), which were found to react with acetone forming cations [M(cod)(kN,kN-NH2-C(CH3)2-CH2-C(CH3)=NH)]BF4 (M = Ir (7), Rh (8)). DFT studies reveal that the transformation of 6 - 8 is mediated by NH3 molecules acting as an external base. The reaction is triggered by deprotonation of an ammonia ligand forming a metal-amido intermediate which further transforms to an acetimino ligand via aldol condensation. The terminal methyl group of one acetimino ligand is deprotonated by NH3 yielding an enamine ligand which can react with the imine ligand via concerted nucleophilic addition affording the metallacycle which is stabilized by protonation.
Hook a worm to catch a man: tracking historical and recent human settlement, land use and migration in neotropical rainforests using ecosystem engineers

The anthropologic and archaeological study of pre-Columbian people of the Amazonian basin has revealed sophisticated agriculture practices. Notwithstanding the absence of historical written records the biological evidence of these practices remains in the remarkable biodiversity of the Amazonian 'dark earths' (ADEs) or “Terra Preta do Indio” produced by ancient civilisations to promote highly productive and sustainable agriculture. Promoting the interdisciplinary connection between anthropology, soil ecology and genomics the applicant will be able to investigate both the relationship of ADEs to the associated extant biodiversity, reveal details of past and current anthropogenic impact on the natural surroundings, as well as new clues regarding settlement dynamics over a large part of Brazil. The applicant and the supporting team will accomplish this by:
a) Assessing  the current soil biodiversity assemblages to gain knowledge about the functioning and potential role of soil ecosystem engineers, organic matter and nutrients to the formation of these extremely fertile soils; this novel approach will aid in understanding the origin and sustainable management of ADEs as well as highly weathered and acid soils under humid tropical conditions.
b) Using DNA barcoding to describe the diversity of the ecosystem engineer community associated with past and recent Amerindian settlements throughout the Amazonian basin. 
c) Using genomics of a peregrine species closely related with human landscape domestication to mirror the human exchanges and flow among the Neotropical rainforest associated with the migration of Amazonian Indians.
This will be achieved by integrating the state-of-the-art methods in invertebrate morphology, molecular genetics, and computational analyses with incorporation of pre-existent and new ecological, anthropological and environmental metadata sustained by a multidisciplinary collaborative network.
Signs kvalitete – Kroatische Qualität für Firmenprodukte

Das Unternehmen änderte seinen Namen im Jahr 2017 von Plančić d.o.o. in Hvar Hills und war gezwungen, neue Marktkennbarkeit, Markenentwicklung zu entwickeln und Marktanteile mit Rentabilitätswachstum zu erhöhen.Die erfolgreiche Umsetzung des Projekts wird zur Steigerung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit des Unternehmens auf dem heimischen und alten Markt führen. Die Zielgruppe sind aktuelle und potenzielle Verbraucher sowie die breitere und engere soziale Gemeinschaft, in der die Aktivitäten des Unternehmens stattfinden.
Migration and transnational social protection in (post-)crisis europe

The negative employment and social developments across Europe since the start of the crisis, coupled with increased fiscal constraints and changing migration patterns, have led to increasing depictions of EU and third-country immigrants as ‘abusers’ of their social protection systems. Member States have accordingly sought reduce migrants’ ability to access social protection benefits, despite the fact that they are disproportionately at risk of poverty and social exclusion.

This project looks at the different strategies that migrants have to access social protection within (post) crisis Europe and does so by explicitly integrating social policy and migration studies’ approaches on the phenomenon. More precisely, it aims to study transnational social protection, that we define as migrants’ cross-border strategies to cope with social risks in areas such as health, long-term care, pensions or unemployment that combine entitlements to host and home state-based public welfare policies and market-, family- and community-based practices. 

This study thus consists in, first, identifying the social protection policies and programs that home countries make accessible to their citizens abroad, and then compiling this information into an online database. We will then aggregate the results of the database into a Transnational Social Protection Index (TSPIx) in order to determine the overall level of engagement of each state with citizens abroad in a comparative way.  

Second, on the basis of the results of the index, we will select case studies of migrants from two EU and two non-EU countries that vary in their level of engagement in providing social protection to their citizens abroad.  We will then undertake multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork to qualitatively assess the informal social protection strategies used by migrants and examine their interaction with formal host and home state social protection provision.
Evaluation of the effect of a paver’s trolley on productivity, task demands, workload and local discomfort

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the differences in the number of paving stones laid (productivity), task demands, energetic workload, body region discomfort and preference when laying paving stones with or without use of a paver’s trolley ( n  = 8) in a within-subject controlled study of pavers. The number of paving stones laid and the task demands were measured by means of systematic observations at the workplace. The energetic workload was determined using the percentage of heart rate reserve (%HRR). Body region discomfort was measured using visual analog scales, and the workers’ preference was ascertained via interview. The use of a paver’s trolley had no effect on productivity, %HRR or body region discomfort compared to working without a paver’s trolley. The duration of knee-straining activities did not differ between working with (141 min) and without (146 min) the paver’s trolley. However, six of the eight pavers indicated that, given suitable circumstances, they wanted to use the paver’s trolley. Relevance to industry To reduce the chance of work-related low back and knee complaints among pavers, the duration, frequency and intensity of lower back and knee-straining activities should be limited by means of technical measures such as mechanical paving. The paver’s trolley does not appear to reduce knee-straining activities and therefore does not appear useful in reducing the risk of knee complaints and disorders.
Building management capacities of Carpathian protected areas for the integration and harmonization of biodiversity protection and local socio-economic development.

The Carpathians belong to the most important European eco-regions. Biodiversity loss and increasing pressures threaten its outstanding natural values. Traditional approaches to resource management and nature conservation are no longer sufficient to guarantee long-lasting economic benefits and provision of ecosystem services. Such problems cannot be solved by one country alone, and require transnational cooperation. CENTRALPARKS aims at improving management capacities of protected areas. Project will support nature protection and local sustainable development, improve integrated environmental management capacities and policies, enhance transnational cooperation, and mitigate current threats and pressures to biodiversity. Policy support documents and tools, tailored for decision-makers and protected area managers, focus on enhancing biodiversity and landscape conservation, local sustainable tourism development, integrated nature conservation planning, habitat evaluation, ESS, and communication with local communities. CENTRALPARKS promotes joint actions for integrated management of biodiversity, including joint transnational thematic task forces, involving experts from Carpathian countries. The project will reconcile nature conservation and local socio-economic development, raise support and involvement of local communities. It will develop and test innovative environmental management tools, such as the ESS Toolkit, and laser scan surveying method for habitat evaluation and management planning. CENTRALPARKS encourages transnational networking, aims at harmonizing approaches at the international level, and will facilitate the harmonization of measures undertaken in border areas and transboundary-protected areas. Strategies shall be endorsed by the Carpathian Convention, facilitating uptake to the policy level, and implementation in a long-term perspective.
Factors Related to Low Research Productivity at Higher Education Level

Research is vital and necessary part of modern university education; universities are producers of new knowledge. Role of universities is different from the 19th century; demands of the 21st century are enormously higher. The purpose of study was to find out the causes of low research productivity at university level. Population of the study was faculty members working at University. Sample consisting of 232 male and female faculty members was selected through the stratified sampling technique. Quantitative research methodology was adopted; data were collected through questionnaire. Data collected through the questionnaire was analyzed by using the statistical methods. To describe the data at the initial stage percentages were calculated. At the second stage Mean score, SD and Chi-Square, the test of significance was applied. The level of significance selected for the study was 0.05. On the basis of findings, the conclusions were drawn that extra teaching load, performance of administrative duties along with academic duties, lack of funds, nonexistence of research leave, negative attitude of the faculty towards research, lack of research skills, non availability of latest books, absence of professional journals, less number of university own journals, are the major causes of low productivity and reduced the research productivity of the university faculty members.
Effect of chronic administration of vitamin E on the hemopoietic system in hypercholesterolemia

Hypercholesterolemia induces oxidative stress, which is known to have adverse effects on the integrity of cells. Hence, hypercholesterolemia may have adverse effects on the hemopoietic system. Vitamin E, an antioxidant, is being used by normo- and hypercholesterolemic subjects. It is, however, not known if vitamin E has any beneficial or adverse effects on the hemopoietic system. The objectives of this study are to determine if (i) hypercholesterolemia has any adverse effects on the hemopoietic system [red blood cell (RBC) count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration (MCHC), white blood cell (WBC), and platelet counts, and mean platelet volume (MPV)], and (ii) vitamin E has any effect on the hemopoietic system in hypercholesterolemia. Blood samples were collected before and at various intervals during a high cholesterol diet (0.25% cholesterol) for 2 and 4 months, and while on high cholesterol diet with vitamin E (2 months) following a high cholesterol diet (2 months). Serum cholesterol was measured on an automated Clinical System Analyzer and hemopoietic parameters were measured on an automated Cell-dyn-4000. The results show that hypercholesterolemia decreased RBC count, Hct and Hb, increased MCV, RDW, MCH, and MCHC, and had no effect on WBC and platelet counts, and MPV. Vitamin E did not affect any of the parameters of the hemopoietic system. In conclusion, hypercholesterolemia of short duration has adverse effects on certain elements of the hemopoietic system. Vitamin E does not affect the hemopoietic system during hypercholesterolemia.
Imaging and nano-probing of doping in Si by site-specific scanning spreading resistance microscopy (SSRM)

Due to the continuous reduction of the critical dimensions of semiconductor devices, it becomes very important to know the two dimensional (2D) doping profile for improving device performance. Scanning spreading resistance microscopy (SSRM) performed in high vacuum is a powerful technique for quantitative 2D-doping profiling, with high spatial resolution and wide dynamic range of carrier concentration, as well as capability of site-specific analysis for accurate position. In this paper, we review SSRM applications to source/drain engineering in Si devices and their correlation with device characteristics by demonstrating several case studies. We also demonstrate direct observation of discrete dopant distribution and fluctuation of active boron (B) in scaled nFETs and in various B-doped epi-layers by site-specific SSRM. The B fluctuation is attributed to segregation of B dopant, which depends on thermal diffusion and occurs even under thermal equivalent conditions without structural stress. Site-specific SSRM is demonstrated to be capable of observing discrete dopants in silicon.
Phthalazine cardiac stimulants, processes for preparing them, and pharmaceutical compositions containing them.

Phthalazine cardiac stimulants of the formula < CHEM > wherein R<1> is a C1-C4 alkyl group, and Y is a group of the formula: -(CH2)m-Z, wherein m is 1 or 2, and Z is a group selected from: -OCONR<3>R<4>, -N(R<2>)COR<3>, -N(R<2>)SO2R<3>, -N(R<2>)CONR<3>R<4>, -N(R<2>)SO2NR<3>R<4>, and -N(R<2>)COOR<3>, wherein R<2> and R<4> are each independently hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl, and R<3> is C3-C7 cycloalkyl or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof. Also described are processes for preparing the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing them.
A prototypical Java-like language with records and traits

Traits have been designed as units of fine-grained behavior reuse in the object-oriented paradigm. In this paper, we present the language Sugared Welterweight Record-Trait Java (SWRTJ), a Java dialect with records and traits. Records have been devised to complement traits for fine-grained state reuse. Records and traits can be composed by explicit linguistic operations, allowing code manipulations to achieve fine-grained code reuse. Classes are assembled from (composite) records and traits and instantiated to generate objects. We present the prototypical implementation of SWRTJ using Xtext, an Eclipse framework for the development of programming languages as well as other domain-specific languages. Our implementation comprises an Eclipse-based editor for SWRTJ with typical IDE functionalities, and a stand-alone compiler, which translates SWRTJ programs into standard Java programs.
Pioneering focused ultrasounds as a new non-invasive deep brain stimulation for a causal investigation of empathy related brain processes in moral learning and decision making

The success of humans depends on their ability to cooperate. Cooperation requires learning to avoid actions that harm others and select those that balance benefits for self and others. Reinforcement leaning captures how individuals learn to optimize benefits for themselves, by associating actions and outcomes for the self. The social context requires to incorporate outcomes for others into that equation by transforming them into the currency used to value our own outcomes. Research on empathy, by suggesting that we transform the emotions of others into neural representation of how we would feel in their stead, provides testable mechanistic hypotheses of how we do that. The painful facial expression of our friend after we kick him would be transformed into the pain we would feel when kicked, associating kicking with negative value, thereby motivating us to stop kicking. Testing this hypothesis would require altering brain activity in the anterior insula and cingulate involved in this process, and showing that these changes alter decision making. Because current tools in humans cannot selectively modulate activity in these deeper regions we however remain frustratingly powerless to do so. Here we will develop a brand new method using ultrasounds to modulate brain activity at any depth to brake down this barrier. Using fmri, we will measure vicarious activity and compare it with computational models. This will push our understanding of our social nature to a new computational level, and pave the way to a more causal understanding of prosociality that can inform successful interventions for so far untreatable antisocial disorders. More generally deep brain stimulation via US, and the understanding of how US modulate brain activity, will unleash affective neuroscience to noninvasively explore what had remained beyond our reach: the causal relationship between deeper (limbic) structures and behavior and cognition.
Consolidation of Polycentric Urban Systems through the Promotion of the Settlement of Retail Trade Businesses in Inner Urban Areas

The development of new retail locations in green fields far away from urban centres promotes rapid urban sprawl and leads to traffic congestion and environmental problems and contradicts sustainable regional development. The settlement of retail enterprises in city centres can lead to a healthier development structure. The project VITAL CITIES aimed to strengthen polycentric urban systems and to contribute to regional development in CADSES. The VITAL CITIES project focused on promoting settlement of retail trade in city centres. A transnational project team with 22 partners from 7 countries was assembled for VITAL CITIES under the Lead Partnership of the InvestitionsBank des Landes Brandenburg, in which the main stakeholders were represented and jointly worked on solutions applicable at local level. The implementation of the project was supported by the law firm Nörr Stiefenhofer Lutz. To establish cooperation structures, to strengthen the control potential of local government authorities and to improve the basis for investment decision-making for inner urban areas, VITAL CITIES gathered a project team, who implemented the following activities: - Carrying out of analyses, studies and surveys at local level, - Carrying out of „Retail Trade Forums“ at local level with high potential speakers, where local conditions were analysed and solutions identified by a transnational team, - Pooling and exchange of experiences illustrated by concrete case studies reflecting different approaches and aspects – e.g. retail trade in cross border regions.
Deltas and valley networks on Mars

Deltaic depositional systems are the most prominent evidence suggesting the existence of long-lasting standing bodies of water on Mars. Due to this genetic link, Martian deltas are fundamental for the reconstruction of the paleohydrological cycles and paleoclimates of Mars, testifying to the occurrence of past climatic conditions that created hydrological settings quite different from those of modern Mars. Ancient terrains of Mars are covered with additional signatures of past water. Branching channel systems on Mars, known as “valley networks,” have long been viewed as some of the best evidence that water flowed across the surface. Recent data, including topography and high-resolution imagery, have shed new light on valley network formation. It is now believed that most valley networks were formed by precipitation and surface runoff instead of groundwater processes. Two main planet-wide equipotential surfaces that encompass complete topographic enclosures within and along the margins of the northern lowlands. The inferred levels could represent two paleoshorelines of a past ocean covering the northern hemisphere of Mars during its early history. These boundaries are generally consistent with the “Arabia shoreline” previously suggested from geomorphologic and topographic observations and also with the global distribution and age of valley networks. Reconstructed scenario implies that climatic conditions allowed the occurrence of a hydrosphere presenting similarities with that of Earth, and integrating valleys, deltas, lakes, an ocean encircling the planet, and possibly a number of suitable niches for life to exist.