SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Performance of charged aerosol detection with hydrophilic interaction chromatography

The performance of the charged aerosol detector (CAD) was investigated using a diverse set of 29 solutes, including acids, bases and neutrals, over a range of mobile phase compositions, particularly with regard to its suitability for use in hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC). Flow injection analysis was employed as a rapid method to study detector performance. CAD response was 'quasi-universal', strong signals were observed for compounds that have low volatility at typical operating (room) temperature. For relatively involatile solutes, response was reasonably independent of solute chemistry, giving variation of 12-18% RSD from buffered 95% ACN (HILIC) to 10% ACN (RP). Somewhat higher response was obtained for basic compared with neutral solutes. For cationic basic solutes, use of anionic reagents of increasing size in the mobile phase (formic, trifluoroacetic and heptafluorobutyric acid) produced somewhat increased detector response, suggesting that salt formation with these reagents is contributory. However, the increase was not stoichiometric, pointing to a complex mechanism. In general, CAD response increased as the concentration of acetonitrile in the mobile phase was increased from highly aqueous (10% ACN) to values typical in the HILIC range (80-95% ACN), with signal to noise ratios about four times higher than those for the RP range. The response of the CAD is non-linear. Equations describing aerosol formation cannot entirely explain the shape of the plots. Limits of detection (determined with a column for solutes of low k) under HILIC conditions were of the order of 1-3ng on column, which compares favourably with other universal detectors. CAD response to inorganic anions allows observation of the independent movement through the column of the cationic and anionic constituents of basic drugs, which appear to be accompanied by mobile phase counterions, even at quite high solute concentrations.
Adaptación transcultural y validación de contenido de un cuestionario para explorar las perspectivas de fisioterapeutas de Argentina con respecto al uso de factores contextuales en el dolor musculoesquelético

Objetivo: Describir los procesos de adaptación transcultural al español argentino y validación de contenido de la versión italiana de un cuestionario para explorar los conocimientos, creencias y actitudes de los fisioterapeutas de Argentina con respecto al uso de factores contextuales en el dolor musculoesquelético.&#x0D; Materiales y método: El diseño de este estudio es un modelo mixto que incluye métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos dividido en tres etapas: adaptación transcultural, validez de contenido y prueba piloto. Para la validez de contenido, se aplicó el método Delphi modificado de dos rondas y se calcularon el índice de validez de contenido (IVC), la razón de validez de contenido (RVC) y el índice kappa modificado. Se realizó una prueba piloto para determinar la factibilidad y validez de contenido de la versión final.&#x0D; Resultados: Este estudio incluyó 30 fisioterapeutas. Luego de aplicar los lineamientos recomendados para la traducción y adaptación transcultural, la nueva versión conservó las principales dimensiones de la versión original. La evaluación de la validez de contenido, realizada por un panel de expertos y mediante entrevistas cognitivas, determinó que los ítems incluidos en la versión resultante eran claros, relevantes y suficientes para el contexto argentino. De acuerdo con los resultados del análisis cuantitativo de la validez de contenido, las estimaciones del IVC, RVC y kappa alcanzaron valores iguales a 1,0.&#x0D; Conclusión: Utilizando un enfoque sistemático e iterativo, se obtuvo la adaptación transcultural y validez de contenido del cuestionario en términos de claridad, relevancia y suficiencia, lo que permite evaluar a futuro sus propiedades psicométricas.
Disruptive technology for the identification, quantification and prediction of the evolution of damages in civil engineering structures that increases safety while reducing maintenance costs.

Our company (IDVIA) is a Spanish engineering consulting company with more than 9 years of experience in the field of Civil Engineering. During the last three years we have worked to develop PAROST, a solution capable not only of identifying, locating and quantifying damage of road bridges and road tunnels, but also of predicting accurately how such damage will evolve in the future. This characteristic makes PAROST a disruptive innovation compared to the structural health monitoring (SHM) systems that exist in the market that only provide information about the current situation. 
Thanks to this prediction capacity, PAROST can avoid catastrophes such as the collapse of the Morandi bridge in Genoa (Italy) on August 14, 2018, which could unfortunately become increasingly common since most of the tunnels and bridges in Europe were built between the 1950s and 1970s. In addition, PAROST will provide to infrastructure managers the needed information to create predictive maintenance plans which will allow them to save up to 62% of their annual maintenance cost. In global figures, PAROST will improve safety while reducing maintenance costs of 507.200 road bridges and 46.904 road tunnels in Europe by 8.452M€/year.
By year 3, we expect to have installed PAROST in 384 civil engineering structures (bridges and tunnels) of the European road network. As a result, revenues for our company will be 20.2 M€ with a net profit of 11.8 M€, and 6 new highly qualified jobs will be created.
Numerical modelling of transient under-expanded jets under different ambient thermodynamic conditions with adaptive mesh refinement

Abstract The mixing characteristics of highly turbulent under-expanded gaseous fuel jets issued from millimeter-size circular nozzles are important for developing advanced direct injection gaseous-fuelled internal combustion engines. In the present study high-resolution large eddy simulation in conjunction with an adaptive mesh refinement technique was used in order to investigate key mixing characteristics of under-expanded hydrogen and methane jets under various ambient thermodynamics. Penetration rate, volumetric growth and initial transient vortex ring behaviour were investigated under near atmospheric and elevated ambient pressures and temperatures, P∞ ≈ 1 bar and 10 bar, T∞ = 296 K and 600 K, using a nozzle pressure ratio of 10. The conditions corresponded to injection strategies ranging from late intake stroke around inlet valve closure to late compression. It was observed that increasing the ambient temperature at constant pressure resulted in increase in both tip penetration and volumetric growth of the under-expanded jets. It was also found that the effect of diffusivity, ratio of specific heats and ambient density must be considered when scaling volumetric growth of under-expanded jets of different gases and/or when issued into different ambient temperatures. Moreover, substantial differences were observed between the transient jet formation of hydrogen and methane fuels. It was found that the embedded shock structures and supersonic annular shear layers played a significant role in the formation and evolution of the transient preliminary and secondary vortex rings. It was also noted that the evolution of the vortex ring influenced significantly the volumetric growth and hence mixing quality of under-expanded jets.
New frontiers in modeling planet-disk interactions: from disk thermodynamics to multi-planet systems

Recent space missions such as CoRoT and Kepler have revolutionized exoplanetary science. Today, we know of thousands of systems with awide diversity of architectures, proving that our Solar System is not typical. Understanding how these systems form and evolve is currently one of the most active area of astrophysics. The processes that dictate the dynamics of planets play a fundamental role in shaping the architecture of the systems we observe. In the present paradigm, as planets accrete mass from the primordial disk, they are subject to interactions with it and with other planets. These interactions exert
torques, and make the planets migrate. Disk-planet interactions depend strongly on the physical processes governing the dynamics of the disk. I demonstrated a clear example of this in a recent paper in Nature, showing that the disk heating by an accreting embryo have a strong impact on the torques. This proposal has two objectives with the potential to produce a leap forward in our understanding of the long-term evolution of planetary systems. (i) I will produce the most advanced framework to date for investigating planetary migration in magnetohydrodynamic disk simulations, including ohmic, ambipolar and
Hall effects. I will do this self-consistently by considering the chemical evolution of the dusty gas. Calculating its ionization state and opacity, will moreover allow me to incorporate radiation more realistically. (ii) I will build on a new technique that I have developed, the use of 3D radially moving meshes. This groundbreaking technique enables to follow the migration of multiple planets allowing studying their long-range migration. I want to carry out this research program at The Niels Bohr Institute. The combined expertise of the groups in Copenhagen, together with their impressive computational resources, provide an unparalleled environment to achieve my research goals and develop myself as a leading international figure in this rapidly evolving field.
Skin color analysis using a spectrophotometer in Asians

To objectively describe skin color, the Commission International d'Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b* color coordinates and melanin and erythema indexes are used. However, it was difficult to understand the relationship among these parameters and to convert them into each other. We introduced a new technique to measure L*a*b* color coordinates and the melanin and erythema indexes at the same time. We analyzed the skin color of normal Asians using this method.The skin color of the forehead, cheek, upper inner arm, dorsum of hand, and anterior chest of 148 volunteers was measured using a spectrophotometer. Using a computer analysis program, L*a*b* values and the melanin and erythema indexes were presented at the same time. The averages of these data were shown according to gender, age, body parts, and correlations among the melanin and erythema indexes and L*a*b* color coordinates, and then they were analyzed.The averages of the melanin and erythema indexes of 148 participants were 1.10 +/- 0.29 and 1.29 +/- 0.38, respectively. The averages of the L*, a*, and b* values were 64.15 +/- 4.86, 8.96 +/- 2.65, and 18.34 +/- 2.39, respectively. The melanin and erythema indexes were higher in males than in females. While the correlation of the melanin index with the L* value was negative, it was positively correlated with the a* and b* values. While the erythema index showed a weak correlation with the b* value, its correlation was negative with the L* value and positive with the a* value.Our method of skin color measurement is useful. We consider the data of this study valuable basic data for the evaluation of colors of pigmental skin diseases and scars in the future.
Quality management, a directive approach to patient safety

Nowadays the implementation of effective quality management systems and external evaluation in healthcare is a necessity to ensure not only transparency in activities related to health but also access to health and patient safety. The key to correctly implementing a quality management system is support from the managers of health facilities, since it is managers who design and communicate to health professionals the strategies of action involved in quality management systems. This article focuses on nursing managers' approach to quality management through the implementation of cycles of continuous improvement, participation of improvement groups, monitoring systems and external evaluation quality models (EFQM, ISO). The implementation of a quality management system will enable preventable adverse effects to be minimized or eliminated, and promote patient safety and safe practice by health professionals.
Assessing the importance and expression of the 6 year geomagnetic oscillation

[1] The first time derivative of residual length-of-day observations is known to contain a distinctive 6 year periodic oscillation. Here we theorize that through the flow accelerations at the top of the core the same periodicity should arise in the geomagnetic secular acceleration. We use the secular acceleration of the CHAOS-3 and CM4 geomagnetic field models to recover frequency spectra through both a traditional Fourier analysis and an empirical mode decomposition. We identify the 6 year periodic signal in the geomagnetic secular acceleration and characterize its spatial behavior. This signal seems to be closely related to recent geomagnetic jerks. We also identify a 2.5 year periodic signal in CHAOS-3 with unknown origin. This signal is strictly axially dipolar and is absent from other magnetic or geodetic time series.
Has the Bologna reform enhanced the employability of graduates? Early evidence from Slovenia

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the school‐to‐work transition of graduates in different fields of study, as well as to study programmes in three subsequent generations of graduates in the 2007 to 2009 period. The paper focuses on graduates from the new Bologna‐harmonised programmes and investigates their early career outcomes by comparing them to those of graduates from pre‐harmonised programmes.Design/methodology/approach – The authors apply a probit regression to calculate differences in the probability of employment for different fields of study and propensity score matching to investigate the effect of different study programmes in each field of education on early career outcomes, such as being employed within the first three months of graduation and the first nine months of graduation.Findings – The authors find that graduating from a particular field of study affects the probability of employment in all three years. In general, regardless of the field, the authors observe decre...
The effects of different irrigation methods on root distribution, intensity and effective root depth of young dwarf apple trees

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of different irrigation methods (drip, subsurface drip, surface and under-tree micro sprinkler) on the root distribution, intensity and effective root depth of “Williams Pride” and “Jersey Mac” apple cultivars budded on M9, rapidly grown in Isparta Region. The rootstocks were shallow root system and their root distribution was placed near trunk center and accumulated in diameter of 0.5 m and depth of 0.4 m of soil volume as bowl shape. The root intensity was reduced gradually away from surface and trunk; the root distribution was uniform in all irrigation methods used in the study. In other words, the effect of irrigation methods on root distribution was similar. Generally, the amount of “Williams Pride” root was higher than that of “Jersey Mac” variety. Therefore, these varieties have partial effect on root of the rootstock. Also, effective root depth was increased during the experimental years. Over the years, effective root depths obtained were 28.4 36.6 cm in 2006; 32.3 - 42.5 cm in 2007 and 37.1 - 45.2 cm in 2008, respectively. As a result, effective root depths for irrigation of the varieties can be taken as 40 - 45 cm until 3 years old.
POLYAMIDEIMIDESILOXANE HOT MELT ADHESIVE

A solution of a hot melt adhesive which comprises an organic solvent and a fully imidized polyamideimidesiloxane is disclosed wherein 0.5 to 30 mole% of the dianhydride or diamine monomers are siloxane containing monomers. Up to 50 mole% of the diamine monomer is aliphatic diamine that contains neither siloxane groups nor amide linkages and 40 to 99 mole% is aromatic diamine that does not contain siloxane groups. The aromatic diamine is (1) 20 to 100 mole% unsymmetrical aromatic diamine having at least two aromatic rings, two amine groups on different aromatic rings, and contains an amide linkage in the chain and (2) up to 50 mole% of aromatic diamine that contains neither siloxane groups nor amide linkages. A tape can be made from the solutions and an article can be attached to a substrate by applying the tape to the substrate or the article.
Geospatial analysis of food environment demonstrates associations with gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of most common complications of pregnancy, with incidence rates varying by maternal age, race/ethnicity, obesity, parity, and family history. Given its increasing prevalence in recent decades, covariant environmental and sociodemographic factors may be additional determinants of GDM occurrence.We hypothesized that environmental risk factors, in particular measures of the food environment, may be a diabetes contributor. We employed geospatial modeling in a populous US county to characterize the association of the relative availability of fast food restaurants and supermarkets to GDM.Utilizing a perinatal database with >4900 encoded antenatal and outcome variables inclusive of ZIP code data, 8912 consecutive pregnancies were analyzed for correlations between GDM and food environment based on countywide food permit registration data. Linkage between pregnancies and food environment was achieved on the basis of validated 5-digit ZIP code data. The prevalence of supermarkets and fast food restaurants per 100,000 inhabitants for each ZIP code were gathered from publicly available food permit sources. To independently authenticate our findings with objective data, we measured hemoglobin A1c levels as a function of geospatial distribution of food environment in a matched subset (n = 80).Residence in neighborhoods with a high prevalence of fast food restaurants (fourth quartile) was significantly associated with an increased risk of developing GDM (relative to first quartile: adjusted odds ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-2.19). In multivariate analysis, this association held true after controlling for potential confounders (P = .002). Measurement of hemoglobin A1c levels in a matched subset were significantly increased in association with residence in a ZIP code with a higher fast food/supermarket ratio (n = 80, r = 0.251 P < .05).As demonstrated by geospatial analysis, a relationship of food environment and risk for gestational diabetes was identified.
Rocking in the midwest: transmitting and performing social class in rock music education

‘Rocking in the Midwest: Transmitting and Performing Social Class in Rock Music Education’ is an innovative and timely project. It seeks to examine the ways in which ideals and markers of social class are transmitted, negotiated and performed within a unique setting – that of a rock music school in the US Midwest. By examining a traditionally white working-class and often patriarchal musical genre within a decidedly middle-class context – a private school, whose costs and institutional structure present a barrier to access for lower-income students – it seeks to shine a light on the shifting production of class within a region whose working-class-ness has at times been considered both problematic and emblematic of conflicted class, race and gender relations in the post-industrial United States.

This research understands music education and performance as a unique site of the construction and negotiation of class consciousness and identities. It will consider how class-coded meanings and narratives are attached to visual and sonic symbols within rock education and performance. These symbols include musical instruments, sounds, language, gestures and ideals of musicianship and performance. It will examine how these symbols are transmitted, embodied and performed within the context of the school’s rehearsals, lessons and showcase performances, with a particular eye to the role of the gendered body in processes of teaching, learning, listening and music-making. This project takes a unique and innovative approach, marrying anthropological and ethnomusicological methods and modes of investigation with theoretical and analytical perspectives from cultural sociology and gesture studies, drawing as well on existing knowledge and research within music education, sociology of music and the emerging field of popular music education, in order to inform a truly interdisciplinary interrogation of social class and music education in the twenty-first century American Midwest.
Transmission of classical scientific and philosophical literature from greek into syriac and arabic

It is often taken for granted that the Greek-Arabic translation movement (8th-10th c.) that made the whole bulk of Classical Greek scientific and philosophical literature available in Arabic (and that was later handed over to Europe in Latin translations) owes much to the preceding period in the history of transmission of this scientific and philosophical literature, namely translations into the Syriac language that were implemented by Aramaic-speaking Syriac Christians. The problem of continuity between the two periods however has not been tackled thoroughly in scholarship and thus the actual impact of the Syriac translations on later methods of translation has so far not been measured and assessed. One feasible solution to this problem in our understanding of the background to the Greek-Arabic translation movement is to implement a comprehensive comparison of Syriac and Arabic translations by means of lexicographical analysis. This project offers a research tool capable of allowing this comparison. It will combine methods of online lexicography and of corpus linguistics with the aim of presenting in a systematic and rationalized way the lexical data from the entire corpus of Syriac scientific and philosophical translations, comparing and analyzing its terminology and translation techniques, first, with the extant Greek originals and, secondly, with Arabic versions. The lexicographic database will be an effective instrument providing definite data for the study of Syriac and Arabic translations and their close connections. It will reveal how the Syriac translations along with underlying methods and tools that were put to use for the first time ever by Syriac Christians eventually determined the prosperity of the Islamic sciences. Fully endorsing a principle of open access the database creates a new instrument for a study of the history of the transmission of Greek scientific literature in Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
Automation of Irrigation System based on Wi-Fi Technology and IOT

Background/Objectives: The main intention is to develop an automation to supply water for home gardening and irrigation system in farm fields. Methods and Analysis: It is done with the help of soil moisture sensor and temperature sensor which are fixed at root area of the plants. The values detected by these sensors are transmitted to base station. The key aim of base station is to collect data from field station and upload those values in internet by using Wi-Fi technology also notify user about any peculiar circumstances like low moisture and high temperature. Findings: This irrigation system has been approved under different climates with various levels of moisture contents especially the red chilly weeds. Application/Improvement: Home gardening is the hobby of many people and also same works for the irrigation system in the agriculture fields.