SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Demographic, psychosocial, and genetic risk associated with smokeless tobacco use among Mexican heritage youth

Despite well-established negative health consequences of smokeless tobacco use (STU), the number and variety of alternative non-combustible tobacco products on the market have increased tremendously over the last 10 years, as has the market share of these products relative to cigarettes. While STU among non-Hispanic white youth has decreased over the last 10 years, the prevalence has remained constant among Hispanic youth. Here we examine demographic, psychosocial, and genetic risk associated with STU among Mexican heritage youth. Participants (50.5 % girls) reported on psychosocial risk factors in 2008–09 (n = 1,087, mean age = 14.3 years), and smokeless tobacco use in 2010–11 (mean age = 16.7 years). Participants provided a saliva sample that was genotyped for genes in the dopamine, serotonin and opioid pathways. Overall 62 (5.7 %) participants reported lifetime STU. We identified five single nucleotide polymorphisms that increased the risk for lifetime use. Specifically, rs2023902 on SERGEF (OR = 1.93; 95 % CI: 1.05-3.53), rs16941667 on ALDH2 (OR = 3.14; 95 % CI: 1.65-5.94), and rs17721739 on TPH1 (OR = 1.71; 95 % CI: 1.00-2.91) in the dopamine pathway, rs514912 on TRH-DE (OR = 1.84; 95 % CI: 1.25-2.71) in the serotonin pathway, and rs42451417 on the serotonin transporter gene, SLC6A4 (OR = 3.53; 95 % CI: 1.56-7.97). After controlling for genetic risk, being male (OR = 1.86; 95 % CI: 1.02-3.41), obesity status (OR = 2.22; 95 % CI: 1.21-4.09), and both higher levels of anxiety (OR = 1.04; 95 % CI: 1.01-1.08) and social disinhibition (OR = 1.26; 95 % CI: 1.07-1.48) were associated with increased use. High subjective social status (OR = 0.78; 95 % CI: 0.64-0.93) was protective against use, while higher parental education (OR = 2.01; 95 % CI: 1.03-3.93) was associated with increased use. These data suggest that use of genetic risk, along with psychosocial, demographic, and behavioral risk factors may increase our ability to identify youth at increased risk for STU, which in turn may improve our ability to effectively target prevention messages to Mexican heritage youth.
MEDPAN - Réseau de gestionnaires d'aires marines protégées de Méditerranée

Protected marine areas on the Mediterranean are tools for regional development and land planning. They face the same problems but to differing degrees: conflicts with local populations, difficulties with setting up management plans, sustainable management of tourism, the need to enhance their roles as tools for regional development, integrated management of coastal areas, anthropogenic pressure on the environment, etc. Local populations, users, political decision-makers and local administrations are often insufficiently aware of the role of protected marine areas as tools for regional development. Overall objective / Objectif général The main objective of the network is to facilitate cooperation between protected marine areas at the European and interregional levels and with third countries in the Mediterranean basin and, on the basis of exchanges, to propose tools to make the management of such territories more efficient. Expected results / Résultats attendus The results expected are as follows: sharing of information and experiences, the transfer of best practices; shared development of management tools; development of skills amongst participants; local awareness amongst institutions, elected representatives and citizens; launch of the MedPAN network of managers of protected marine areas in the Mediterranean. The impacts expected are as follows: improved efficiency of the protected marine areas, and the policies relating to them, as regional development tools; a contribution to sustainable development, to land planning, to environmental protection, to the promotion of sustainable tourism and to the creation of jobs in the regions participating in the project.
Evaluating the performance of local climate policies in mexico (2009-2018)

Climate policy has been under negotiation at international level for more than twenty years. During this period, mitigation efforts and studies on implementation and governance of climate policy have focused on industrialised countries, paying little focus to emerging economies. Recently domestic laws have started to be enacted worldwide stemming from this international debate. In this context, efforts to mitigate climate change require ambitious long-term policies and commitments; however domestic public agendas are prone to modifications by changes in public administration after every election, thus creating the risk of ineffective implementation. The study of the socio-economical and political dynamics affecting the design and paths followed by climate policy fit the Horizon 2020 programme on Societal Challenges. The objective of the project “Evaluating the performance of local climate policies in Mexico (2009-2018)” (e-Lection) is to assess what are the determinants of the diffusion and successful implementation of climate policy at local jurisdictions. This research takes an in-depth look into climate governance and policy implementation in Mexico as an example of an emerging and democratic major economy actively involved in climate policy. It offers an excellent example for this purpose since it has stated publicly its climate policy goals since 2008. Mexico with its 32 federal entities and around 2470 municipalities offers a vast laboratory for studying the different factors that determine continued implementation of domestic climate policy over the last decade. The contrasting contexts in which implementation takes place in Mexico offer a comprehensive view that will provide valuable information to policy-makers locally and globally. The U.K has a long-standing tradition in the study and design of climate policy and associated economic instruments. Particularly the work made at the CCCEP has provided insightful research to policymakers around the world.
Study of collisional deactivation of O2(b 1Σ g + ) molecules in a hydrogen-oxygen mixture at high temperatures using laser-induced gratings

Collisional deactivation of O2(b
 1Σ
 +
 ) molecules resonantly excited by a 10 ns pulse of laser radiation with a wavelength of 762 nm in H2/O2 mixtures is experimentally studied. The radiation intensity and hence the molecule excitation efficiency have a spatially periodic modulation that leads to the formation of laser-induced gratings (LIGs) of the refractive index. The study of LIG temporal evolution allows collisional relaxation rates of molecular excited states and gas temperature to be determined. In this work, the b
 1Σ
 +
 state of O2 molecules deactivation rates are measured in a 4.3 vol % H2 mixture at the number density of 2 amg in the temperature range 291–850 K. The physical deactivation is shown to dominate in the collisions of H2 with O2(b
 1Σ
 +
 ) and O2(a
 1Δ
 g
 ) up to temperatures of 780–790 K at time delays up to 10 μs after the excitation pulse. The parameters of the obtained temperature dependence of the (b
 1Σ
 +
 state deactivation rate agree well with the data of independent measurements performed earlier at lower temperatures (200–400 K). Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy is used to measure the temperature dependence of the number density of the H2O molecules which appear as the mixture, as the result of the dark gross reaction with O2 molecules in the ground state, O2 + 2H2 → 2H2O. The measurements show that this reaction results in complete transformation of H2 into H2O at temperatures of 790–810 K.
Metallogeny and tectonic evolution of the Cenozoic Ahar–Arasbaran volcanic belt, northern Iran

The Cenozoic Ahar–Arasbaran volcanic belt (AHAVB) in northern Iran is part of the Alborz–Azerbaijan magmatic zone, which developed along the southern margin of Eurasia. Upper Jurassic–Cretaceous flysch deposits and platform carbonates were deposited adjacent to this margin, are overlain by Eocene volcanic rocks, and are intruded by Oligo-Miocene, shallow-crustal to hypabyssal plutons that collectively make up the AHAVB. The volcanic and plutonic rocks have medium- to high-K, calc-alkaline to alkaline compositions and show similar geochemical features, indicating a common subduction-metasomatized continental lithospheric mantle source. Granodioritic, tonalitic, and quartz monzonitic plutons provided the heat flux and magmatic fluids that played a major role in the precipitation of porphyry, skarn, and epithermal copper, molybdenum, and gold deposits. The distribution of mineralization shows three major zones parallel to the general NW–SE trend of the AHAVB. Most of the major Cu ± Mo porphyry and skarn depo...
Realization of water permeation kinetics in two-dimensional nanocapillaries to develop desalination and energy harvesting membranes

Exploration of molecular transport in nanometre (nm) and sub-nm capillaries has big implications in the emergence of novel nanofluidic phenomena with interesting applications, including desalination, water purification, energy harvesting and smart membrane technologies. Recent advances in graphene and other two-dimensional (2D) materials based membranes with interlayer gallery of nanochannels have witnessed high water-ion selectivity and fast water permeation—manifesting their potential for desalination and smart membrane applications. However, a systematic and extensive experimental investigation of water permeation kinetics, including the demonstration of slip effects, in these atomically smooth 2D nanochannels is still lacking. Therefore, the main objective of the current research proposal is to gain a complete mechanistic understanding of water transport in nanochannels made of different 2D materials, which is crucial for the rational design of functional membranes for energy and environmental applications. This will be achieved by employing the state-of-the-art fabrication and experimental techniques based on van der Waals assembly, Landau-Squire flow measurement set-up and ultrasonic force microscopy. In this project, atomically smooth angstrom-scale 2D nanochannel devices will be prepared to investigate the flow dynamics of water using a custom-made ultrasensitive flow measurement technique. Throughout the project, advanced modelling techniques will be utilized to fundamentally understand transport and further optimize the system. Building on these findings, a scale-up methodology will be developed for the large-scale production of membranes for desalination and energy harvesting applications. The proposed research action will address Horizon 2020 Societal Challenges related to water security and resource efficiency while advancing the field of nanofluidics and membrane technology through the development of new fabrication and flow measurement methods.
Countershading Camouflage: Exploiting Photons to Break Shape-From-Shading Inference

Animal camouflage is a paradigmatic example of evolution by natural selection, and can only be understood in terms of adaptation to deceive the brains of potential predators and to the environment. Counter-shading is a very common pattern of coloration in the animal kingdom. Countershaded animals are darker on the side that faces a greater light intensity (typically, the back) and have a lighter opposite face. This pattern counterbalances shadowing and may make the animal harder to see against its background, or potentially modifies its perceived shape. Here we model the interaction of light and body shape to predict what the coloration of an animal should be to deceive a predator that has evolved the ability to detect shape from shading. We assess to what extent optimal patterns for crypsis depend on both light distribution and body orientation. We unveil the logical link between matching the background and reducing shape cues.
Amélioration de la situation à ARTUR Pawliczak

La Reine des Neiges est une place au cœur des problèmes de Karpacz Enterprise en raison du déclenchement de la pandémie: En raison de la pandémie de coronavirus (SARS-COV-2), l’ensemble de l’industrie hôtelière se trouve dans une situation unique. La quarantaine généralisée et la stagnation du tourisme se sont révélées très sévères. Les lignes directrices, qui figuraient dans le règlement du ministre de la Santé «sur l’annonce d’une urgence épidémique en République de Pologne» concernaient les activités de nombreuses entreprises. L’un des points de la directive comprenait également une disposition visant à suspendre la fourniture de services d’hébergement touristique jusqu’à l’annulation. Pendant plus d’un mois, faire des affaires était complètement interdit. Ainsi, toutes les réservations effectuées avant la mise en œuvre du règlement ont été annulées. À l’heure actuelle, malgré la levée des interdictions, la demande est beaucoup plus faible dès les années précédentes — cela est dû à la peur des citoyens d’infection, à la fermeture des frontières pour les touristes étrangers, aux restrictions sur le trafic touristique. La société a annulé tous les événements cycliques, un certain nombre de séjours touristiques et d’événements familiaux. Malheureusement, les coûts d’exploitation n’ont pas diminué, ce qui est associé à l’exploitation à la limite de la rentabilité. La requérante espère récupérer une partie des pertes pendant la période des vacances, mais les médias mettent en garde contre une éventuelle réapparition majeure de l’épidémie. La nécessité de mettre en œuvre le projet: Un défi encore plus grand sera ce qui attend le marché hôtelier après l’épidémie. Pendant la pandémie, des dépenses liées à l’exploitation de l’installation ont été engagées, une partie de la nourriture était en retard. Du personnel rémunéré était nécessaire. L’aide sera utilisée pour les activités de travail de l’entreprise — financement des salaires, achat de biens, entretien de l’installation, paiement des factures. La société déclare maintenir son fonctionnement pendant au moins 3 mois.
The Heterogeneous Agent of CAPM based on Asset Chains

The key assumption of the classical Capital Asset Pricing Model(CAPM) is homogeneous belief,which means all investors hold the same expectation about the probability distribution for future returns of assets.Under this assumption,each efficient portfolio on the capital market line means a combination of risk-free asset and market portfolio of risky asset.The efficient portfolio contradicts with people's decisions on financial investments activities in the real world.For instance,besides the index-linked instrument products a large amount of differentiated financial products are provided for investors. The research proposes the assumption of heterogeneous beliefs based on the asset chains.While the asset formation changes on asset chains,the asset value evolves from book value of physical assets to intrinsic value of company,and then to market value of listed company.Investors hold heterogeneous beliefs because they have different opinions about the process of changing asset value on each node of asset chains. The research analyzes the difference of risk investment portfolios for heterogeneous investors by solving continuous time optimal investment and consumption models.The result shows that the two-fund separation theorem does not hold under heterogeneous belief.Investors hold different portfolios of risky assets instead of the unique market portfolio.Therefore the risk-free asset and unique market portfolios cannot construct efficient portfolios.Furthermore,the research finds that risk-free asset and three risky funds can help construct all efficient portfolios.These risky funds reflect three main systematic risks,including macroeconomic trend,market average rate of profit,and market liquidity.The construction of each risky fund is related to the probability distribution of assets return instead of the wealth and preference of investors.Therefore,the capital market line of classical CAPM can be transformed into a 4-dimension capital market hyperplane.Investors can select a portfolio among these three risky funds to hedge systematic risks according to their aversion to different systematic risks.The risk premium is equal to the summation of risk premium of each risky fund multiplying the corresponding beta instead of the risk premium of the unique market portfolio and beta. The data used in this research include trade and quote prices for a set of Shanghai A stocks traded from January 1999 to June 2008.By decomposing the assets return with the wavelet analysis,the research finds that asset returns have different sensitivities to different systematic risk factors.Therefore,investment portfolios based on multiple risky funds fit well with the requirement of investors with different opinions.The research finds that the model can differentiate the impact of asset returns between different systematic risks and help effectively explain investors' expectation about asset returns.
Improving the productivity of biodiesel plants through their adaptation for the production of polyols

B-Ecolyol is BETA's innovative solution to overcome periods of inactivity in biodiesel plants due to market fluctiations in raw materials' pricing, which make production unprofitable.
Our experience in the bio-refinery sector, and in the development of engineering processes for the valorization of used oil enabled us to see that our biodiesel plants could also be used for the production of polyols .These are products with a great market potential as they are used for the production of polyurethane for a vast variety of applications- from coatings and adhesives, to automotive seats or fibres.
Thus, our solution consists on a simple processing technology that can be adapted within biodiesel plants, for the production of eco-polyols from used oil or biodiesel, increasing their productivity while valorizing a product usually considered as residue (used oil). In this way, we eliminate the issue of limited availability of resources and their associated pricing fluctuations. Moreover, thanks to the simplicity and mild operating conditions of our process, we will reduce global warming emissions and use of non-renewable energy by 36% and 61%, respectively compared to petroleum derived polyols.
Our business model at BETA Group has a double approach, 1) as producers of biodiesel and derived added value products such as eco-polyols and 2) as providers of engineering services. The exploitation of the B-Ecolyol project will follow this double strategy, on one hand increasing our bio-polyol production for its commercialization, and on the other, providing our engineering services for the implementation of the licensed technology in other companies with the same productivity issues. In this way, the B-Ecolyols project will not only have a remarkable economic impact on our company (increasing our revenues by 49% by 2023, with a ROI of 3.33), but will also contribute to increase our competitiveness , by targeting new markets and increasing our international presence
Personal perception for predicting product choice

The project will take a new technique devised in my ERC Advanced Investigator grant that measures implicit social biases in perception and applies it to the fields of sales and marketing. These fields have previously been reliant on paper-and-pencil tests which have a variety of problems including the faking of responses and vulnerability to demand characteristics. I have generated proof-of-principle evidence that my novel, tablet based measures of bias can be adapted to (i) measure product preference, (ii) predict the likelihood of an individual being persuaded to buy a product, and (iii) modify product value through self-association. In my PoC grant I will carry out field testing of the new products to ensure that they are practical in the real-world, do link and predict real-world purchasing behaviour ,and are perceived as useful by users. Commercially viable forms of the tablet-based tests will be developed and evaluated for robust and efficient behavioural measurement and reporting in the field.
A riboescaper study: protein synthesis driven by deficiently assembled ribosomes

Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes found in all living cells. Ribosome biogenesis is a complex, cellular process that is tightly coordinated with ribosomes demand to ensure optimal cellular adaptation, growth and proliferation. In eukaryotes, ribosomes are sequentially generated in key steps where the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is folded, modified, processed, and assembled with ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) to form the two ribosomal subunits. Recently, the connection of defective ribosome biogenesis with human diseases has become clear. This is the case of the so-called ribosomopathies, human syndromes caused by mutations in genes encoding either r-proteins or ribosome biogenesis factors, which are known to increase the probabilities of cancer development. Considering the multi-steps pathway of ribosome biogenesis, the possibilities to introduce errors with possible harmful effects for cell viability are high. In this context, cells have developed multiple surveillance mechanisms to supervise the structural and functional integrity of the ribosome particle. When a preribosomal subunit suffers an assembly error, in most of the cases, the aberrant particle is retained in the nucleus. However, some aberrant pre-particles have been shown to escape the surveillance mechanisms and to be exported to the cytoplasm.
This proposal, aims to explore the functional consequences of r-protein gene mutations, which generate defective ribosomal particles that are successfully exported to the cytoplasm (RiboEscapers) and actively participate in translation in yeast cell. For this purpose, the research action will combine traditional yeast tools together with state-of-the-art methodologies, such ribosome profiling to provide a detailed overview of the r-protein roles in ribosome biogenesis, as well as the consequences of specific defects in this process.
New axioms for deferred acceptance

We study the problem of allocating a set of indivisible objects to a set of agents based on agents’ preferences over objects and objects’ “choice functions” over agents, when monetary transfers are not allowed. Following Kojima and Manea (Econometrica 78(2):633–653, 2010) and Morrill (Int J Game Theory 42(1):19–28, 2013a), this paper provides four characterizations of the agent-proposing deferred acceptance allocation rule for all acceptant substitutable choice functions. It is the only rule satisfying any one of the following groups of axioms: (1) stability, rank monotonicity; (2) non-wastefulness, top best, weak consistency, rank monotonicity; (3) non-wastefulness, strong top best, weak Maskin monotonicity; (4) non-wastefulness, strong group rationality, rank monotonicity. These results suggested that two new axioms: rank monotonicity and weak consistency, deserve further attention. They also shed light on what distinguishes the agent-proposing deferred acceptance rule from the other rules.
Multilayer printed circuit board

A multilayer PCB includes a plurality of signal layers, a ground layer and a power layer disposed between the plurality of signal layers, a signal via extending through the plurality of signal layers to allow a signal current to flow therethrough, at least one stitching capacitor provided in one of the plurality of signal layers to allow a return current that corresponds to the signal current to flow between the power layer and the ground layer. Thus, the multiplayer PCB can form a path of a return current that minimizes generation of EMI when a signal current is generated.