SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
The Physics of Galaxy Formation

We investigate improved, more physical methods for modelling key processes in galaxy formation that take place in the interstellar medium, and study their effects on the observed properties and evolution of galaxies. The topics we investigate are: (i) improvements to the relation between the star formation rates (SFRs) and the cold gas contents of galaxies; (ii) how to predict the atomic and molecular gas masses in galaxies with different properties, (iii) how to predict the emission of widely used molecular tracers, such as carbon monoxide (CO); and (iv) the gas outflows from galaxies driven by supernovae and their dependence on local and global properties of galaxies. We perform these studies using the semi-analytic model of galaxy formation GALFORM, and fully embed our calculations in a cosmological scenario, the Lambda cold dark matter paradigm. This is done with the dual aims of understanding how the physical processes above affect galaxy formation and evolution in a statistical fashion, and to improve and extend the predictive power of galaxy formation models. We find that by calculating the SFR from the molecular gas content and relating the molecular-to-atomic mass ratio in the interstellar medium to the hydrostatic pressure in the midplane of the disk, we can explain the observed atomic gas mass function and clustering of galaxies selected by their atomic hydrogen mass, the SFRs of local and high-redshift galaxies, the evolution of the molecular hydrogen gas fraction and the global atomic hydrogen abundance of the universe, and the local scaling relations between gas contents and other galaxy properties. We also find that by coupling GALFORM with a radiative transfer and interstellar chemistry code describing photon dominated regions, our new model can explain the observed emission of CO from different types of galaxy. Finally, based on a physical description of the dynamical evolution of bubbles created by supernovae in the interstellar medium, we find that the outflow rate driven by supernovae depends strongly on the surface density of gas plus stars and the gas fraction. We critically revise the phenomenological prescriptions widely used to describe supernova feedback in the literature and propose new physically motivated prescriptions.
AGE VERIFICATION USING HIGH NOTES

The invention permits the assignment of users to an age category (young (< 18), old (>30) etc.) by means of a hearing test. The biological hearing range is tested. Young people can hear higher notes than old people for biological reasons. The system generates a series of notes individually for each user which have a different pattern depending on the age recognition required. The user is then required to account for his hearing experience to the system. The system can decide whether the user concerned is old or young depending on the pattern heard. In order, for example, to prevent older people accessing a website, it is sufficient to give an access code in a high frequency range, by generation of an audio file which is played back directly by loudspeaker on the PC on visiting the website. Older people will not understand the code and cannot input the individual access code. As young people can hear all that which older people hear but not vice versa, excluding young people takes a different approach. Here false information is added which the young hearer cannot differentiate from the correct information wherein said user is thus revealed to the system later as a young user.
The culture of towns 

The three schools participating in the project engage in the analysis, in the European context, of the themes of towns and territory, by reflecting on current management problems, such as a correspondence between planning and democracy and particularly between environmental balance and social balance. Starting from the experience of each school, of each student and teacher, the theme of the services available to the citizens is discussed with particular emphasis on education, culture, environment and vocational training in order to overcome specific legal, administrative, linguistic and cultural barriers. The project also aims at contributing to the development of common standards, in terms of promoting the artistic, historical and cultural heritage of the territory. The activities envisaged include meetings, seminars, workshops and work groups, enlarged to include also experts in the field and representatives of the institutions, on issues related to forms of town institutions, organisation and services offered to the citizens. Finally a CD-rom will be produced with other multimedia products, such as the creation of a network among the institutions involved to promote the sharing of didactic resources and to put in place a fruitful and stable level of communication. These meetings lead to an understanding of the meaning of town and its functioning, of changes and different lifestyles, thus contributing to becoming more fully aware of the global nature of problems and promoting the shaping of a European citizenship, leading to the creation of a long-lasting twinning bond.
The role and future perspectives of Cohesion Policy in the planning of Metropolitan Areas and Cities

Despite their importance in the development of the European territory, Metropolitan Areas and Cities are not the primary actors in the design of programmes and strategies to implement Cohesion Policy. The experience with the 2007-2013 programming period, showed that cities and urban areas were involved at the project level as beneficiaries. In the 2014-2020 programming period, Cohesion Policy has enhanced their role through acknowledging the importance of cities and towns in specific investment priorities; nevertheless, the role of cities and their influence on the design of the programmes seems to be limited.

This ESPON targeted analysis shall support Metropolitan Areas and Cities in the effort to enhance their role in the decision making process related to the post-2020 programming period, also implementing the Pact of Amsterdam, establishing the Urban Agenda for the EU, and the renewed Leipzig Charter on Sustainable European Cities.

ESPON METRO shall analyse and compare the role of Cohesion Policy in the process of planning and implementation of metropolitan policies, addressing experiences and practices as well as their territorial impact in the nine stakeholder territories. The research aims at providing evidence on how Metropolitan Areas can contribute to achieve specific objectives of Cohesion Policy through their policies, giving advice on how Cohesion Policy should take them into account.

Finally, ESPON METRO should take into consideration the new context of the COVID-19 pandemic and how the Cohesion Policy has responded and adapted to it. Being at the forefront of the fight against the pandemic, Metropolitan Areas have been called to mitigate as far as possible the impact of the virus on their territories. The need of better coordination among all levels of governance is even more evident that before.
Evolutionary atm. a modelling framework to assess the impact of atm evolutions

The overall goal of EvoATM is to build a framework to better understand and model how architectural and design choices influence the ATM system and its behaviors, and vice versa how the expected ATM overall performances drive the design choices.
 The EvoATM project will model a specific part of ATM system combining the agent based paradigms with evolutionary computing. Specifically it will  define a solver which finds an optimal tuning of the design of new/modified ATM components to accomplish the expected performances. It will adopt sensitivity analysis strategies in order to understand the influence of ATM components parameters on the behaviours at component performances level (behaviours of other components) and at whole system performances level. It will test the framework by using known scenarios and quantitative indicators to validate its effectiveness in terms of: change impact assessment, support to design and support to strategic thinking. 
The project will provide methodological guidelines to extend the proposed frameowrk to any part of ATM to be modelled.
The EvoATM consortium involves a multidisciplinary group of experts representing the different expertise classes: complex systems modelling, evolutionary computing, ATM modelling, human aspects, aerospace engineering, verification and validation. The  chosen Advisory Board will guarantee the coordination/dialogue with the impacted stakeholders domains: ASDA (Association for the Scientific Development of ATM in Europe),ENAV (Italian air navigation service provider), EUROCONTROL, LEONARDO (Italian industry).
Umsetzung der Produktinnovation durch SannProfi in Form einer Herrencreme

Das strategische Ziel des beschriebenen Projekts ist es, die Ergebnisse der Forschungs- und Entwicklungsarbeiten in Form von Technologie umzusetzen, die die Herstellung eines innovativen Produkts ermöglicht, das ein kosmetisches Mittel in Form einer Creme für Männer mit Pitaya-Extrakt sein wird und eine höhere Wettbewerbsposition des Unternehmens SannProfi auf dem Markt der Woiwodschaft Łódź, des nationalen und sogar internationalen Marktes aufbauen wird. Damit wird die Geschäftspraxis von SannProfi permanent innovative Produktlösungen einführen, die zu ihrer Weiterentwicklung beitragen und das Potenzial darstellen, Wettbewerbsvorteile aufzubauen und Weiterentwicklungen durchzuführen. Die spezifischen Ziele des Projekts sind: Umsetzung der Ergebnisse der Forschung und Entwicklung bis zum 30.06.2022 in Form einer innovativen Formel von Gesichtsemulsionen für Männer, die Verbindungen enthalten, die reich an antioxidativer Aktivität Pitai-Fruchtextrakt sind, unter Verwendung des im Rahmen des Projekts erworbenen Anlagevermögens (Produktionsausrüstung und Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie) im Jahr 2022, um mit der Produktion innovativer Creme für Männer mit Pitaya-Extrakt im Jahr 2022 zu beginnen – Einführung der Produktinnovation auf den Markt 2022 eines neuen Produkts mit einzigartigen Eigenschaften und Funktionalitäten, deutlich vor den Produkten des Wettbewerbs in diesem Marktsegment, auf die höchste Standardsteigerung der Produktionskapazität durch das Potenzial der Projektausrüstung und -ausrüstung auf dem europäischen Markt, insbesondere die Umsetzung der Schlüsselaufgaben des Sanfin-Unternehmens in der Wettbewerbsposition in der europäischen Wettbewerbsposition. 1. Anpassung der Produktionshalle an die Herstellung von Kosmetika 2. Kauf einer kompletten Technologielinie Als Ergebnis des Projekts wird 1 Produktinnovation eingeführt und es wird eine Zunahme der Beschäftigung bei SannProfi geben. Zielgruppen für die Ergebnisse des Projekts sind Empfänger von Produkten aus der Kosmetikindustrie, Kosmetikgroßhändlern, Drogerien. Am Ende des Tages
The Scope of the EU Treaty-Making Power on Foreign Investment: Between Wishful Thinking and Pragmatism

Since the Treaty of Lisbon introduced ‘foreign direct investment’ into the provisions on the common commercial policy of the European Union (EU), the scope of that competence has raised a lively debate. Much less attention, however, has been paid to the rules on the free movement of capital in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, although this area is highly relevant to clarify the blurred boundaries of the EU’s competence concerning foreign investment. This article reviews arguments from the chapter on the free movement of capital and from the recent European practice and case-law to shed light on the debate about the competence on foreign investment. It also depicts the circumstances in which the Court of Justice has to deliver its Opinion on the EU competence to sign and conclude the EU-Singapore Free Trade Agreement.
Ofi, pool management at your fingertips!

In ensuring safe, hygienic swimming environment, spas and pools need to be frequently checked and adjusted to maintain optimum levels of pH, chlorine/bromine/salt and water hardness. As most pool/spa owners perform the checks manually and constantly using visual analysis colorimetry-based solutions, users do not always get accurate results, posing health and wellness risk when corrective chemicals are added based on inaccurate readings. Delays in water analysis leads to increased quantities of corrective chemical products (>20%), wall damages, continuously running filtration systems, all resulting in increased maintenance costs. There is need for a solution that can leverage the home automation and connected device trend to remotely control, monitor and maintain water quality with minimal direct visits to the pool and reduce annual maintenance cost. 
Asamgo, a passionate French company has developed Ofi, is an intelligent floating device which floats on the surface of the pool/spa analysing the pH, chlorine/bromine/salt, alkalinity and water hardness values of the water in real time via the electrochemical analysis method. These values are accurately returned on Smartphone App and are accompanied by advice on maintenance actions to be carried out if necessary. 
Our target customers are private pool and spa owners, pool professionals, pool maintenance distributors and retailers. Ofi eliminates the recurring manual water analysis tasks and will offer 20% reduction of amounts of chemicals required for ideal pool condition, real-time feedback on status of the pool and immediate notification when levels are not right, 99.99% accuracy on recommended remedy measures and reduced overall maintenance costs. In addition, maintenance products recommended by Ofi can be ordered through the Ofi App. 
Within a 4-year period, we expect to generate a cumulative revenue of €20.10-million, gross profit of €7.04-million while creating a total of 13 jobs.
Use of multi-parameter distributions for offshore wind speed modeling: The Johnson SB distribution

Abstract Weibull distribution is widely suggested for modeling the behavior of offshore wind speeds. However, it has been often proved to be inadequate, while its indiscriminate use is not justified. Thus, in order to minimize estimation errors in offshore wind energy, it is necessary to select the most appropriate distribution for the wind climate description of a specific area. In this context, the performance of several probability distributions for offshore wind speed modeling, using long-term time series from 11 buoys in Eastern Mediterranean Sea (Greek waters) and 8 buoys in Western Mediterranean Sea (Spanish coastal waters) will be assessed for the first time here. We focus on the efficiency of three bounded multi-parameter distributions: Wakeby and Kappa, that have performed very well in completely different areas of the US coasts, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and Johnson S B distribution, which is introduced here for the first time. It is shown that Johnson S B , Kappa and Wakeby distributions accurately describe the empirical distribution of offshore wind speed; they have better adaptability than the 3-parameter Weibull distribution and qualify as reliable and prominent candidates for the assessment of offshore wind speed in any sea area. Moreover, Johnson S B is the only distribution that suits very well for all examined cases, providing consistently fair fits with respect to all goodness-of-fit tests applied. Alternative criteria, such as the performance of the examined probability models in terms of wind power density and average wind turbine power, have also been used for evaluating the fitted wind speed distributions. In this case the results proved to be different.
Evolution of immune genes is associated with the Black Death

Infectious diseases are among the strongest selective pressures driving human evolution1,2. This includes the single greatest mortality event in recorded history, the first outbreak of the second pandemic of plague, commonly called the Black Death, which was caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis3. This pandemic devastated Afro-Eurasia, killing up to 30-50% of the population4. To identify loci that may have been under selection during the Black Death, we characterized genetic variation around immune-related genes from 206 ancient DNA extracts, stemming from two different European populations before, during and after the Black Death. Immune loci are strongly enriched for highly differentiated sites relative to a set of non-immune loci, suggesting positive selection. We identify 245 variants that are highly differentiated within the London dataset, four of which were replicated in an independent cohort from Denmark, and represent the strongest candidates for positive selection. The selected allele for one of these variants, rs2549794, is associated with the production of a full-length (versus truncated) ERAP2 transcript, variation in cytokine response to Y. pestis and increased ability to control intracellular Y. pestis in macrophages. Finally, we show that protective variants overlap with alleles that are today associated with increased susceptibility to autoimmune diseases, providing empirical evidence for the role played by past pandemics in shaping present-day susceptibility to disease.
СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОТЖИГА МАТЕРИАЛОВ, СОДЕРЖАЩИХ БЛАГОРОДНЫЕ МЕТАЛЛЫ

1. Печь для вторичной переработки взрывоопасных материалов, содержащих благородные металлы и органические компоненты, сгорающие с выделением большой энергии, отличающаяся тем, что она содержит устройство для попеременного переключения режимов работы камеры отжига указанной печи между ! А - пиролизом или полукоксованием в защитной атмосфере, содержащей не более 6 вес.% кислорода, и ! В - окислительным сжиганием органических компонентов, включая углерод, ! причем печь имеет косвенный обогрев и управляющее устройство, выполненное с возможностью определения завершения пиролиза или полукоксования посредством датчика и управления устройством для переключения таким образом, что после завершения пиролиза или полукоксования в камеру печи подается воздух или кислород. ! 2. Печь по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что указанным датчиком является датчик давления или датчик, чувствительный к веществам. ! 3. Печь по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что она имеет по меньшей мере две камеры отжига по п.1, выполненные с возможностью работы с одним единственным термическим дожиганием при их попеременном режиме работы. ! 4. Печь по одному из пп.1-3, отличающаяся тем, что печная камера выполнена с возможностью ее использования, с одной стороны, как камеры полукоксования или пиролиза, а с другой стороны, как камеры отжига, и имеет взрывобезопасное устройство подачи жидкости в разогретую по меньшей мере до 400°С камеру. ! 5. Способ для переработки взрывоопасных материалов, содержащих благородные металлы и органические компоненты, сгорающие с выделением большой энергии, содержащий этапы: ! А - пиролиза или полукоксования при по меньшей мере уменьшенной подачи ки
Method and apparatus for releasably attaching a closure plate to a casing

An apparatus for releasably attaching a closure plate to an open end of a cylindrical casing, the apparatus having an inner member; a threaded outer ring biased in tension, disposed adjacent to the inner member, for releasably engaging an interior wall of the casing; and a eutectic spacer between the inner member and the outer ring. At temperatures below the melting point of the eutectic spacer, the outer ring is held in threaded engagement with the casing, and holds the closure plate in position in abutment with the casing. When the temperature of the eutectic spacer reaches its melting temperature, the eutectic spacer transitions to a liquid state, flows away from the apparatus, allowing the outer ring to retract into a groove in the inner member, and the closure to be released from the casing.
Statistical stage transition detection method for small sample gene expression time series data

In terms of their internal (genetic) and external (phenotypic) states, living cells are always changing at varying rates. Periods of stable or low rate of change are often called States, Stages, or Phases, whereas high-rate periods are called Transitions or Transients. While states and transitions are observed phenotypically, such as cell differentiation, cancer progression, for example, are related with gene expression levels. On the other hand, stages of gene expression are definable based on changes of expression levels. Analyzing relations between state changes of phenotypes and stage transitions of gene expression levels is a general approach to elucidate mechanisms of life phenomena. Herein, we propose an algorithm to detect stage transitions in a time series of expression levels of a gene by defining statistically optimal division points. The algorithm shows detecting ability for simulated datasets. An annotation based analysis on detecting results for a dataset of initial development of Caenorhabditis elegans agrees with that are presented in the literature.
Human Interaction Issues in a Digital-Physical Hybrid World

Cyber-physical smart city integration of digitalcomponents into the real world will offer a variety of possibilitiesto enrich our daily life. A digital-physical hybrid world makes itpossible to optimize our energy use and to offer morecomfortable traffic management. However, we still need to investigate how to interact with a hybrid world. Augmentedreality and virtual reality techniques offer promising ways forinteracting with a digital-physical hybrid world, but our currentunderstanding of how to use them in the real world isinsufficient. In this paper, we present an overview of two case studies. One is avirtual reality system, the other is an augmented reality system. From our experiences with the case studies, we found thatmaintaining the reality is an important factor in designing asuccessful interaction within a digital-physical hybrid world. We also present a possible future scenario allowing seamlessintegration of a real world and a fictional world for designing adigital-physical hybrid world. We discuss how reality also plays animportant role in analyzing the scenario to create a successfuldesign. The result shows that analyzing people's sense of reality isan important design tool for designing a future dailyenvironment that seamlessly integrates fictional and real worlds.
Radiomics of lung cancer (rail): non-invasive stratification of tumour heterogeneity for personalised cancer therapy

Lung cancer is the most common cause of death from cancer worldwide with 1.59 million deaths annually. It also places the highest economic burden of all cancers on the EU with EUR 18.8 billion. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprises 85% of all lung cancer cases. The current clinical routine to guide treatment for NSCLC patients is primarily based on the TNM staging system founded in 1958, mainly to look at surgical operability. However, TNM-based evaluation, nor doctors prediction do not provide an accurate prognosis. The heterogeneity between patients (inter-patient), tumours (inter-tumour) and even within one tumour (intra-tumour) underlies these highly variable prognosis and presents a major clinical challenge. 
There is a lack of easy to perform, ‘actionable’ biomarkers to stratify NSCLC patients which results in i) under-treatment in 20% of NSCLC patients leading to disease progression and ultimately death, ii) over-treatment in 30% of NSCLC patients which reduces the quality of life of patients and places an economic burden on the healthcare system and iii) ineffective clinical trial design, due to lack of optimal stratification, which requires very large, costly clinical trials to be performed in order to bring new therapeutic strategies to the market.
ptTheragnostic has developed breakthrough technology, called “Radiomics”, which was recently published in Nature Communications, which enables patient stratification through the use of imaging biomarkers acquired from routine CT & PET imaging (see animation on www.pttheragnostic.com). In Radiomics for lung cancer (RAIL) we will validate and qualify a multi-site level I imaging biomarker together with a ready-to-use application to deliver more accurate prognostic information, personalise treatment for NSCLC patients, reduce healthcare costs by EUR 500+ million and enable efficient clinical trial design.