SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Towards nanostructured electrocatalysts with superior stability

In the last decades, significant progress has been made on understanding and controlling solid/liquid electrochemical interfaces at atomic levels. As the principles guiding the activity of electrochemical reactions are quite well established (structure-activity relationships), the fundamentals of stability are still poorly understood (structure-stability relationships). 123STABLE proposes to employ (1) identical location, (2) online monitoring and (3) modeling of noble metals based nanoparticles changes with the state-of-the-art electron microscopy equipment and online dissolution and evolution analytics using electrochemical flow cell coupled to online mass spectrometers. Projects unique methodology approach with picogram sensitivity levels, in combination with sub-atomic scale microscopy insights and simulations, promises novel atomistic insights into the corrosion and reconstruction of noble metals in electrochemical environments. This unique approach is based on observations of the same nanoparticles before and after electrochemical treatment where weak and stable atomic features and events can be recognized, followed, understood and finally utilized. Upon (1) doping, (2) decoration and/or (3) other synthetic modification of nanoparticles like a change in size and shape further stabilization is envisioned. For instance, blockage of nanoparticle vulnerable defected sites like steps or kinks by more noble metal could stop or significantly slow down their degradation. 
The 123STABLE project will feature platinum- and iridium-based nanostructures as a model system to introduce a unique “123” approach, as they still possess the best electrocatalytic properties for the future electrification of society through the Hydrogen economy. However, their electrochemical stability is still not sufficient. Coupled with the fact that their supply is hindered by extremely scarce, rare and uneven geological distribution, the increase in their stability is of immense importance.
Thioredoxins 1 and 2 Protect Retinal Ganglion Cells from Pharmacologically Induced Oxidative Stress, Optic Nerve Transection and Ocular Hypertension

Oxidative damage has been implicated in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death after optic nerve transection (ONT) and during glaucomatous neuropathy. Here, we analyzed the expression and cell protective role of thioredoxins (TRX), key regulators of the cellular redox state, in RGCs damaged by pharmacologically induced oxidative stress, ONT and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). The endogenous level of thioredoxin-1 (TRX1) and thioredoxin-2 (TRX2) in RGCs after axotomy and in RGC-5 cells after glutamate/buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) treatment showed upregulation of TRX2, whereas no significant change was observed in TRX1 expression. The increased level TRX-interacting protein (TXNIP) in the retinas was observed 2 and 5 weeks after IOP elevation. TRX1 level was decreased at 2 weeks and more prominently at 5 weeks after IOP increase. No change in TRX2 levels in response to IOP change was observed. Overexpression of TRX1 and TRX2 in RGC-5 treated with glutamate/BSO increased the cell survival by 2- and 3-fold 24 and 48 h after treatment, respectively. Overexpression of these proteins in the retina increased the survival of RGCs by 35 and 135% 7 and 14 days after ONT, respectively. In hypertensive eyes, RGC loss was approximately 27% 5 weeks after IOP elevation compared to control. TRX1 and TRX2 overexpression preserved approximately 45 and 37% of RGCs, respectively, that were destined to die due to IOP increase.
AMIDAS INHIBIDORAS DE LA SECRECION DE APO B/MTP

LA INVENCION SE REFIERE A COMPUESTOS DE LA FORMULA 1 O A LOS ESTEREOISOMEROS, SALES FARMACEUTICAMENTE ACEPTABLES E HIDRATOS DE LOS MISMOS. LOS COMPUESTOS SON INHIBIDORES DE APO B/MTP Y SON UTILES EN EL TRATAMIENTO DE DIVERSOS TRASTORNOS Y AFECCIONES TALES COMO LA ATEROSCLEROSIS, LA PANCREATITIS, LA OBESIDAD, LA HIPERCOLESTEROLEMIA, LA HIPERTRIGLICERIDEMIA, LA HIPERLIPIDEMIA Y LA DIABETES. LOS COMPUESTOS DE ESTA INVENCION TAMBIEN SON UTILES JUNTO CON OTROS AGENTES FARMACEUTICOS QUE INCLUYEN INHIBIDORES DE LA BIOSINTESIS DE COLESTEROL E INHIBIDORES DE LA ABSORSION DE COLESTEROL, ESPECIALMENTE INHIBIDORES DE LA HMG-COA REDUCTASA E INHIBIDORES DE LA HMG-COA SINTESA; INHIBIDORES DE LA EXPRESION GENICA DE LA HMG-COA REDUCTASA; INHIBIDORES DE CETP; COMPLEJANTES DE ACIDOS BILIARES; FIBRATOS; INHIBIDORES DE LA ABSORCION DEL COLESTEROL; INHIBIDORES DE ACAT, INHIBIDORES DE A ESCUALENO SINTETASA, RESINAS DE INTERCAMBIO IONICO, ANTIOXIDANTES Y NIACINA. ESTA INVENCION TAMBIEN ESTA DIRIGIDA A INTEMEDIOS Y PROCEDIMIENTOS UTILES EN LA PREPARACION DE COMPUESTOS DE FORMULA (I).
Polyhedral microcrystals encapsulating bone morphogenetic protein 2 improve healing in the alveolar ridge

Atelocollagen sponges incorporating polyhedra encapsulating bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) were implanted into lateral bone defects in the mandible. Half of the bone defects on the left side were treated with atelocollagen sponges containing 1.8 × 10 7 BMP-2 polyhedra, and half were treated with sponges containing 3.6 × 10 6 BMP-2 polyhedra. As controls, we treated the right-side bone defects in each animal with an atelocollagen sponge containing 5 µg of recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) or 1.8 × 10 7 empty polyhedral. After a healing period of six months, whole mandibles were removed for micro-computed tomography (CT) and histological analyses. Micro-CT images showed that more bone had formed at all experimental sites than at control sites. However, the density of the new bone was not significantly higher at sites with an atelocollagen sponge containing BMP-2 polyhedra than at sites with an atelocollagen sponge containing rhBMP-2 or empty polyhedra. Histological examination confirmed that the BMP-2 polyhedra almost entirely replaced the atelocollagen sponges and connected the original bone with the regenerated bone. These results show that the BMP-2 delivery system facilitates the regeneration of new bone in the mandibular alveolar bone ridge and has an advance in the technology of bone regeneration for implant site development.
Improvements of search error risk minimization in viterbi beam search for speech recognition

Abstract This paper describes improvements in a search error risk min-imization approach to fast beam search for speech recognition.In our previous work, we proposed this approach to reducesearch errors by optimizing the pruning criterion. While con-ventional methods use heuristic criteria to prune hypotheses,our proposed method employs a pruning function that makesa more precise decision using rich features extracted from eachhypothesis. The parameters of the function can be estimatedto minimize a loss function based on the search error risk. Inthis paper, we improve this method by introducing a modiﬁedloss function, arc-averaged risk, which potentially has a highercorrelation with actual error rate than the original one. We alsoinvestigate various combinations of features. Experimental re-sults show that further search error reduction over the originalmethod is obtained in a 100K-word vocabulary lecture speechtranscription task.IndexTerms: speech recognition, beam search, pruning, searcherror, WFST
The Instrumental Nathaniel Bishop Harman (1869–1945)

Harman achieved a double first in the Natural Sciences Tripos at Cambridge and went on to train in medicine at the Middlesex Hospital in 1895. He was lecturer and later examiner in anatomy at Caius and King's Colleges, Cambridge. He was made a FRCS in 1898.

He was instrumental in bringing about many innovations and changes during his distinguished career in ophthalmology. He is best known for his fixation forceps, that was designed in 1913 and is still in use. Other instruments that he developed included an aqueous needle, a corneal loupe, a diaphragm test, an eyelid retractor, an ophthalmoscope, a strabismus set of instruments (figure 1a–c⇓) and a refractometer, which is illustrated on the front cover of this issue of the BJO. The …
Resequencing microarray for detection of human adenoviruses in patients with conjunctivitis

Although high-density resequencing microarray is useful for detection and tracking the evolution of viruses associated with respiratory tract infections, no report on using this technology for the detection of viruses in patients with conjunctivitis is available. To test if high-density resequencing microarray can be applied to detection of viruses in conjunctival swabs for patients with conjunctivitis. In this prospective proof-of-concept study, every 4 or 5 bacterial culture-negative conjunctival swab samples were pooled and subject to viral detection using TessArray™ Resequencing Pathogen Microarrays-Flu 3.1 (RPM-Flu-3.1). Results were compared with human adenovirus (HAdV) hexon gene PCR sequencing and viral culture. Thirty-two of the 38 conjunctival swab samples were bacterial culture-negative. Four of the 7 pooled samples were positive for HAdV using RPM-Flu-3.1. Hexon gene PCR sequencing on the 38 original individual samples showed that 3 and 4 samples contained HAdVs species D and B respectively. All the 6 samples that were positive for hexon gene PCR but negative for bacterial culture were also positive by the resequencing microarray. Viral culture was positive for HAdV type 3 in 1 sample, which was also positive by PCR and resequencing microarray. Resequencing microarray is as sensitive as PCR for detection of HAdV in conjunctival swabs. Unlike viral culture and hexon gene PCR sequencing, resequencing microarray was not able to differentiate the type and species of HAdV. Development of microarrays for conjunctivitis can be performed for rapid diagnosis of the viral cause of conjunctivitis.
A new combination in Justicia and a new synonym in Thyrsacanthus results in the restriction of Anisacanthus s.str. (Acanthaceae) to Central and North America

The genus Thyrsacanthus (Acanthaceae) was re-established to accommodate South American species of Anisacanthus recovered as phylogenetically distant from the main Anisacanthus lineage. However, some species of uncertain generic placement remained in Anisacanthus: Anisacanthus pohlii, known only from the type specimen destroyed during World War II; and A. trilobus, recently placed within the New World “justicioid” lineage. In this study, we show A. pohlii to be a later synonym for Thyrsacanthus ramosus and place A. trilobus in Justicia based on macromorphological, palynological, and molecular data. Additionally, lectotypes for the names Drejera ramosa and Anisacanthus pohlii were selected.
Porpoising foil as a propulsion system

Abstract A potential flow solver (BEM) is used to simulate a porpoising foil in order to compare the hydrodynamic performance of the biomimetic propulsion device with a conventional propeller. The device is assumed to move in open-water. Cavitation or ventilation phenomena are not considered. The method is first verified against the Theodorsen theory. The numerical thrust-loading coefficient is in agreement with the theory for the whole range of the Strouhal number. The effect of the heave-to-chord ratio, the maximum pitch angle and the Strouhal number are then studied. The effect of the geometry is not investigated. An optimum efficiency is found for a Strouhal number from 0.2 to 0.7, and for a maximum pitch angle between 30 ° and 60 ° . The heave-to-chord ratio has no influence on the maximum efficiency. Moreover, this parametric study demonstrates that the Strouhal number plays the same role in the oscillating wing as the advance parameter in the propeller. A general approach for the comparison of the two propulsion systems is proposed. Despite their different nature, their hydrodynamic performances are similar. Finally, comparative results of unsteady state simulations are also presented since the propeller pitch variation is analogous to a change in the foil motion.
Elliptic combinatorics: solving famous models from combinatorics, probability and statistical mechanics, via a transversal approach of special functions

I am willing to solve several well-known models from combinatorics, probability theory and statistical mechanics: the Ising model on isoradial graphs, dimer models, spanning forests, random walks in cones, occupation time problems. Although completely unrelated a priori, these models have the common feature of being presumed “exactly solvable” models, for which surprising and spectacular formulas should exist for quantities of interest. This is captured by the title “Elliptic Combinatorics”, the wording elliptic referring to the use of special functions, in a broad sense: algebraic/differentially finite (or holonomic)/diagonals/(hyper)elliptic/ hypergeometric/etc.

Besides the exciting nature of the models which we aim at solving, one main strength of our project lies in the variety of modern methods and fields that we cover: combinatorics, probability, algebra (representation theory), computer algebra, algebraic geometry, with a spectrum going from applied to pure mathematics.

We propose in addition two major applications, in finance (Markovian order books) and in population biology (evolution of multitype populations). We plan to work in close collaborations with researchers from these fields, to eventually apply our results (study of extinction probabilities for self-incompatible flower populations, for instance).
COATING COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING SAME

A coating composition and methods of making and using the coating compositions. The compositions comprise an epoxy-based, thermally-curable, screen-printing ink, thermal silica, hydrophobic silica, and, optionally, solvent. The compositions provide thermally-cured layers of the composition disposed on a glass slide. Information can be deposited (e.g., ink-jet printed or written using a solvent resistant pen) on the thermally-cured layers.
Inaudible smart crowds security through existing loudspeakers”

Zoovel Ultrasound Connectivity (Zoovel-UC) project is a D2D  connectivity to raise the safety and security in crowded areas such as sports stadiums, concert halls, open space events, subway, etc. providing real-time crowd management. Zoovel-UC technology performs direct and selective communication to the spectators and utilizes geospatial intelligence to shift the flow of fans and minimize crowds in real-time, improving the efficiency of current security protocols. 
Since the attack on the Twin Towers in 2001, terrorism has been on our collective unconscious as the main threat to security. The recently attacks happened in Paris and Brussels again reminded the vulnerability of the international security system and the difficulty to deal effectively with this type of unconventional threat. Crowd events provide a potential target for terrorist activity, besides they are susceptible to other various threats, such as natural disasters, crowding and fan violence. With the uncertainty of terrorist actions and fan behaviour, it is impossible to ensure a risk-free environment at crowd venues. It is therefore a matter of how event organizers prepare, respond, and recover to mitigate the consequences of emergencies. Good countermeasures and contingency planning can protect crowd areas from disruption and ultimately enhance spectator confidence.
‘Danone v Wahaha: Who Laughs Last?’

Multinational Companies may result in culture clashes, incompatibility of Western corporate governance and legal resolution strategies. As one of the most successful joint venture models, the high-profile Danone/Wahaha dispute has been accelerated into a two-year legal feud against the infringement of the famous brand of WAHAHA across jurisdictions. The case represents a significant watershed which reflects the status quo of controversies over cooperation and competition in China. Under the current legal framework, Danone’s withdrawal would serve as a wake-up call for both foreign investors and Chinese companies in the dramatically increasing cross-border merger & acquisitions. The seminal case perfectly illustrates unwritten issues about public opinion, nationalism and the rule of law. Danone v. Wahaha has also been commonly conceived as a landmark case through which Chinese side may verify the fairness of the Western judicial system, while the European party may regard it as a touchstone for China’s investment environment as well as the specific sphere of contract spirit. It also offers myriad lessons, including the need for watertight contracts, IP rights, and international arbitrations.
An in silico-based approach to improve the efficacy and precision of drug repurposing trials for a mechanism-based patient cohort with predominant cerebro-cardiovascular phenotypes

Our programme will develop an innovative in-silico based approach to improve the efficacy and precision of drug repurposing trials. We have chosen drug repurposing as it has the shortest time for clinical validation and translation. Validation of all putatively de novo discovered drug repositionings within the time-frame of this programme would be unrealistic. To improve efficacy and precision, and to adopt our computer simulation parameters and models, we choose a systems medicine based in-silico approach that identifies mechanistically related disease phenotypes and, as a result,  a virtual patient cohort. We then validate this in-silico drug repurposing via high precision clinical trials in patients with cerebro-cardiovascular phenotypes stratified using an exclusive mechanistic biomarker panel. We thus innovate two biomedical product classes, drugs and diagnostics. With this we will establish generally applicable in silico trials for other mechanistically related or defined disease phenotypes, for which size, duration, and risks will be reduced and precision increased. This generates rapid patient benefit, reduces drug development costs as well as risks, and enhances industrial competitiveness. Scientifically, we will contribute to reducing the uncertainty and vagueness of many of our current disease definitions that describe a symptom or apparent phenotype in an organ rather than defining diseases mechanistically as disturbance of self-regulation equilibria of biomolecular processes. Finally, we will reduce animal experimentation and animal numbers in general by applying a preclinical randomised confirmatory trial (pRCTs) concept and preclinical systematic reviews and meta-analyses facilitated by our open access pre-clinicaltrials.org platform, a pendant to clinicaltrials.gov.
A multi-resolution model to capture both global fluctuations of an enzyme and molecular recognition in the ligand-binding site

In multi-resolution simulations, different system components are simultaneously modelled at different levels of resolution, these being smoothly coupled together. In the case of enzyme systems, computationally expensive atomistic detail is needed in the active site to capture the chemistry of substrate binding. Global properties of the rest of the protein also play an essential role, determining the structure and fluctuations of the binding site; however, these can be modelled on a coarser level. Similarly, in the most computationally efficient scheme only the solvent hydrating the active site requires atomistic detail. We present a methodology to couple atomistic and coarse-grained protein models, while solvating the atomistic part of the protein in atomistic water. This allows a free choice of which protein and solvent degrees of freedom to include atomistically, without loss of accuracy in the atomistic description. This multi-resolution methodology can successfully model stable ligand binding, and we further confirm its validity via an exploration of system properties relevant to enzymatic function. In addition to a computational speedup, such an approach can allow the identification of the essential degrees of freedom playing a role in a given process, potentially yielding new insights into biomolecular function.
Deciphering the role of rna modifications during ribosomal decoding and protein synthesis

All living cells employ messenger RNAs (mRNA), transfer RNAs (tRNA) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNA) to decode genomic information and synthesize the correct set of proteins at the right sub-cellular localization and at the right time. The attachment of specific chemical groups to individual RNA bases attributes novel chemical properties and strongly influences their functionality. In particular, modifications of the tRNA anticodon and critical regions of rRNAs are primed to influence the translation of individual mRNAs and tune the decoding behavior during ribosomal translation elongation. Individual ribosomes, mRNAs and tRNAs are dynamically decorated with different combinations of RNA modifications depending on the cell type, cellular compartment, metabolic state and environmental conditions. This additional layer of complexity creates specialized translational units and vastly expands the regulatory potential of the strictly conserved and almost invariant core translation machinery. Despite their key role in translation, most modification cascades and the functional interplay of the resulting RNA modifications during ribosomal decoding remain elusive. 
In the proposed project, we aim (i) to structurally characterize key RNA modification complexes, (ii) to create sets of fully modified RNAs in vitro, (iii) to understand the role of individual rRNA and tRNA modifications during translation elongation and (iv) to provide mechanistic insights into the unfortunate link between patient derived mutations of the underlying pathways and the onset of severe human diseases. In summary, we will extend the recently arising concept of “specialized ribosomes” by adding unique RNA modifications into the overall scheme. This project will provide deep molecular insights into fundamental processes, that are clinically relevant and which regulate, shape and orchestrate the cellular protein landscapes in all known organisms.
Smart system for the prevention of biofouling on aquaculture nets by ultrasonic wave technology

With an increasing world population, estimated to reach 9 billion in 2020, the aquaculture market (140 billion euros in 2016) is an answer to the need for food supplies. However, aquaculture faces a major issue to reach its full potential, due to biofouling which is affecting products quality, quantity and environment- labour- equipment integrity. According to market experts, current treatment measures represents from 10 to 20% of farm exploitation costs (costs of chemicals, nets cleaning and repair, and fish escapees), or 1,8 billion euros globally. Sofchem, water treatment equipment provider for over 15 years with strong IP portfolio, sees this problem as an additional market for its new technology. Based on ultrasound waves and initially validated to prevent biofouling on large commercial vessel hulls, it’s time to partner with NESNE, an expanding aquaculture integrator, bringing customer knowledge and international sales/maintenance network, to quickly address global market. To facilitate the adoption, the Alfred-Wegener-Institute, with skills and resources in marine life biology, will evaluate the innocuity of the technology on fish’s welfare and health. To become the leading European providers of an economic, chemical-free, labour- and fish-friendly anti-biofouling TWIN-f® system, the consortium is backed up by European industrials and distributors for global scale-up. NetWave will promote the digital transformation of a critical aquaculture process. The smart farming IoT application and autonomously adjusting transducers will adapt to any type of equipment or conditions, improve working conditions and boost operational efficiency. NetWave will not only reduce production costs but suppress the need for anti-fouling chemicals, thus increasing products quality and creating a better image of aquaculture. Together, our innovation will strongly benefit European aquafarms’ competitivity and sustainability, while promoting fish welfare and environmental safety.