SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Smart5Grid - demonstration of 5g solutions for smart energy grids of the future

5G is envisioned to be the first global technology standard that will address the variety of future use cases of the energy sector, by ensuring that both the radio and core network performance requirements can be met in terms of end-to-end latency, reliability and availability. Up-to-now, the main discussion for 5G has been to support the next wave of smart grid features and efficiency at the behind-the-meter level, by integrating many low-voltage devices into the power grid through low-cost connections, managing demand and load balance domestically, aiming the reduction of the electricity peaks and energy costs. However, it is expected that, as the emergence of smart grids will grow, a lion share of the growth will take place in the medium-voltage levels: towards secondary substations and distributed energy resources, as well as between secondary substations and primary substation. Smart5Grid aims to revolutionise the Energy Vertical industry through the successful establishment of four fundamental functions of modern smart grids, i.e., (i) automatic power distribution grid fault detection, (ii) remote inspection of automatically delimited working areas at distribution level, (iii) millisecond level precise distribution generation control, and (iv) real-time wide area monitoring in a creative cross-border scenario, thus assisting power grid operators and other energy stakeholders (e.g., smart grid operators, distribution system operators/transmission system operators, energy service providers, etc.)
Not only this. Smart5Grid introduces an open 5G experimental facility, supporting integration, testing and validation of existing and new 5G services and NetApps from third parties (i.e., SMEs, developers, engineers, etc., that do not belong in the consortium) since underpinning experimentation with a fully softwarised 5G platform for the energy vertical industry is one of the key targets of the proposal. Moreover, in order to supply start-ups and newcomers with the opportunity to accelerate their growth in the high impact industry of the energy vertical, Smart5Grid provides an open access NetApp repository, provisioning support and assistance to third parties through a clear and trustworthy experimentation roadmap.
Alongshore variability of cross-shore bar behavior on a nontidal beach

We report on a 6-year nearshore bathymetric dataset from the Danube Delta (Romanian Black Sea coast) that comprises 16 km of erosive, stable and accumulative low-lying micro-tidal beaches northward of Sf. Gheorghe arm mouth. Two to three two-dimensional longshore sandbars exhibit a net multi-annual cyclic (2.8–5.5 years) offshore migration (20–50 m yr1) in a similar way to other coasts worldwide. Bar morphology and behavior on the sediment-rich accretionary (dissipative) sector differ substantially from that on the erosive (intermediate) sector. Shoreface slope is the most important factor controlling sandbar number and behavior. It determines different wave-breaking patterns in the surf zone, translated into different offshore sediment transport and bar zone widths along the study site. Additionally, sediment availability, as a result of the distance from the arm mouth and of the long-term evolution of the coast, controls the sandbar volume variability. These are all ultimately reflected in the variations of sandbar migration rates and cycle periods. A non-dimensional morpho-sedimentary parameter is finally presented, which expresses the bar system change potential as offshore sediment transport potential across the bar zone.
IMPROVED OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICE

There is disclosed an optoelectronic device, particularly an optoelectronic modulator (5a) including a resonant tunnelling diode (RTD) (15a) and operating by the electro-optic effect. The optoelectronic modulator device (5a) comprises a waveguide means (10a) including at least one resonant tunnelling diode (RTD) (15a), and wherein a change in absorption coefficient of a semiconductor material of the device with applied electric field is negligible at a wavelength of operation. In this way the device (5a) operates substantially solely by the electro-optic effect providing a change in refractive index of the waveguide (10a). The device (5a) may therefore act as a phase modulator. The device (15a) is conveniently termed a Resonant Tunnelling Diode Electro-optic Modulator (RTD-EOM).
Making complex gas analytics friendly and available asap

GasApp aims at bringing the capability to detect gases to every existing smartphone in just a few months. Carrying out a gas measurement will be as simple as taking a snapshot with the phone’s camera. Technically, we will rely on colorimetry methods to turn the presence of chemical substances into colour changes. GasApp wants to take a fast track towards accurate, highly specific, and highly accessible measurements by rethinking the concept of “ubiquitous sensing”. Instead of developing new complex electronic devices, our approach builds upon existing ubiquitous devices (i.e. smartphones), a new software App and inexpensive Tags based on knowledge produced in an ERC-funded project to achieve a user friendly gas-sensing product ASAP, and making business out of this opportunity. 
GasApp has the potential to impact on the 2.6 billion smartphones existing today. In the short-term, GasApp will be ready to satisfy existing customer needs in mature and well stablished markets, due to the readiness of the technologies involved, such as safety at work or at home, emissions control, personal healthcare, marketing, societal involvement, etc. In the midterm, being a part of the fertile ecosystem of the Internet of Things (IoT) will certainly foster the development of new uses of gas sensors, as occurred before with cameras, GPS, touch sensors, etc. 
In this PoC project, we will 1) implement the first App/Tag proof-of-concept prototype aimed at relevant gas sensing scenarios outdoors, and 2) define the exploitation strategy of this technology, including full a market survey, IPR positioning, business model, and fund raising. The proposal is implemented in a 18 months workplan and 2 work packages, devoted to develop the prototype and to define the exploitation strategy, in close interaction.
Elevation Angle Characteristics of Urban Wireless Propagation Environment at 3.5 GHz

It is known that channel model of propagation characteristics are crucial in the research and evaluation of three-dimensional multiple-input multiple-output (3D-MIMO) technique, especially the elevation angle (EA) model. In this paper, the results of 3D-MIMO channel measurement in the urban macro-cell (UMA) scenario at 3.5 GHz are presented. Based on the measurement data, it is find that the mean value of elevation angle has a offset angle to line-of-sight (LOS) angle especially in not-line-of- sight (NLOS) situation. And the offset angle is depend on the azimuth distance between BS and MS which can be modeled as a function that use distance as a parameter. A novel way to model mean angle of elevation angle is proposed at the end of this paper. The relation between Circular angular spread (CAS) and distance is also studied, the measurement result shows that the effects caused by distance can be neglected.
Floating wind energy network

Wind power is one of the fastest-growing renewable energy technologies and is the second largest form of power generation capacity in Europe. However, 90% of the wind energy is currently produced inland and space is becoming scarce for new installations. Floating Offshore Wind (FOW) represents a unique opportunity for Europe, since deep (>60m) offshore areas represent 60-80% of the European offshore wind potential. However, the sector faces two main challenges: high costs and a gap of skilled human resources.
The FLOAting Wind Energy netwoRk (FLOAWER) will provide 13 Early Stage Researchers (ESR) with an interdisciplinary training with the aim to design better performing, economically viable floating wind turbines. As part of their research activity, ESRs will contribute to the development of cutting-edge numerical and experimental tools for the wind resource and the subsystem design (heave-plates, load effects on floaters, substructure) of vertical and horizontal axis wind turbines. Their work will contribute to define cost-effective floating wind turbine designs. 
FLOAWER network uniquely gathers outstanding academics and FOW industrial leaders, covering the entire offshore wind industry value chain (ie. farm developers, offshore subsystem suppliers -turbine, floater, mooring- and wind resource specialists). ESR will thus benefit from the multidisciplinary expertise of 25 major academic and industrial partners, and a unique panel of research infrastructures, from lab scale (wind tunnel, wave tanks, etc.) to full scale (pre-commercial floating wind turbines and farms). 
FLOAWER multidisciplinary approach will endow the ESR with scientific, technical, and soft skills to train the new generation of high-profile scientists and engineers, provide them with enhanced career perspectives and address offshore wind energy industry needs. Altogether, FLOAWER will strengthen European wind energy industry leadership and competitiveness.
Bifurcations of piecewise smooth flows: Perspectives, methodologies and open problems

Abstract In this paper, the theory of bifurcations in piecewise smooth flows is critically surveyed. The focus is on results that hold in arbitrarily (but finitely) many dimensions, highlighting significant areas where a detailed understanding is presently lacking. The clearest results to date concern equilibria undergoing bifurcations at switching boundaries, and limit cycles undergoing grazing and sliding bifurcations. After discussing fundamental concepts, such as topological equivalence of two piecewise smooth systems, discontinuity-induced bifurcations are defined for equilibria and limit cycles. Conditions for equilibria to exist in n -dimensions are given, followed by the conditions under which they generically undergo codimension-one bifurcations. The extent of knowledge of their unfoldings is also summarized. Codimension-one bifurcations of limit cycles and boundary-intersection crossing are described together with techniques for their classification. Codimension-two bifurcations are discussed with suggestions for further study.
RADIO COMMUNICATION DEVICE AND PILOT ARRANGEMENT METHOD

Provided is a radio communication device capable of reducing the number of pilots while maintaining a channel estimation accuracy. The radio communication device includes: a unicast pilot generation unit (105) which generates a unicast pilot sequence and outputs it to an arrangement unit (106); and an arrangement unit (106) arranges unicast data, multicast data, a unicast pilot sequence, and a multicast pilot sequence at a position on the two-dimensional plane formed by a frequency axis and a time axis for output to an IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) unit (107). Here, the arrangement unit (106) does not arrange pilots of the multicast pilot sequence at a time when the single frequency is different from the position where identical pilots are arranged between sectors among the respective pilots of the unicast pilot sequence in one sub frame.
Infradev - european paediatric translational research infrastructure

The general objective of this project is to design the framework for the European Paediatric Translational Research Infrastructure (EPTRI), a new Research Infrastructure (RI) aimed to enhance technology-driven paediatric research in discovery and early development phases to be translated into clinical research and paediatric use of medicines.
The starting point of the proposal is the serious lack of medicines for children in EU and worldwide as well as the lack of a developmental model for paediatric medicines that integrates technology-driven aspects with the methodological, ethical and regulatory framework. The design for this new RI will be based on the following main pillars:
•	to harness efficiency and delivery of paediatric research activities and services strengthening collaboration within the scientific paediatric community;
•	to be a complementary RI in the context of the existing RIs covering the current gaps, while avoiding any duplication;
•	to develop a one-stop-shop for advice in paediatric drug development.
To prepare a valuable Conceptual Design Report (CDR), the project encompasses three phases. During the Context Analysis phase, that will be performed in 5 technical and scientific domains (1- Paediatric Medicines Discovery, 2- Paediatric Biomarkers and Biosamples, 3-Developmental Pharmacology, 4-Paediatric Medicines Formulations and Medical Devices, 5-  Underpinning Medicines Development to Paediatric Clinical Studies) the perceived value and the possible gaps to be covered will be estimated by enquiring the scientific communities and many other Stakeholders.
During the Operational phase, the different components of the new RI will be depicted including governance model strategies for interaction with national Authorities and the existing RIs, the IT-architecture model, services to be provided and a business plan.
Finally, a Feasibility phase is proposed to develop virtual exercises simulating the operations of the RI. 
The final result of the project will be the CDR to realize EPTRI.
Injuries and fatalities in Colombian mining emergencies (2005-2018): a retrospective ecological study

Mining injuries have decreased in a number of developed countries in recent decades. Although mining has become a very important sector of Colombia's economy, no analyses of mining injuries and fatalities have been conducted.This study describes the occurrence of mining emergencies in Colombia between 2005 and 2018 and their principal characteristics.This retrospective ecological study analyzed mining emergencies registered by the National Mining Agency between 2005 and 2018. The study described the place, event type, legal status, mine type, extracted mineral, and number of injuries and fatalities. Benford's law was used to explore data quality.A total of 1,235 emergencies occurred, with 751 injured workers and 1,364 fatalities. The majority of emergencies were from collapses, polluted air, and explosions, most of which occurred in coal (77.41%), gold (18.06%), and emerald (1.38%) mines. Many emergencies occurred in illegal mines (27.21%), most of which were for gold, construction materials, emeralds, and coal. Illegal mines had a higher relative proportion of injuries and fatalities than legal mines (p < 0.05). Mining disasters are likely to be underreported given that Benford's Law was not satisfied.As mining increases in Colombia, so are mining emergencies, injuries, and fatalities. This is the first full description of mining emergencies in Colombia based on the few available data.Durante as últimas décadas, vários países desenvolvidos relataram diminuição na ocorrência de acidentes em minas. A mineração é um setor muito importante da economia colombiana sem análises de acidentes e mortes em emergências em minas.Este estudo descreve a ocorrência e as principais características de emergências em minas na Colômbia entre 2005 e 2018.Realizou-se estudo ecológico retrospectivo sobre emergências em minas registradas pela Agência Nacional de Mineração entre 2005 e 2018. O estudo descreveu o local da ocorrência, o tipo de evento, a situação jurídica e o tipo de mina, de mineral extraído e o número de acidentes e mortes. Utilizou-se a Lei de Benford para explorar a qualidade dos dados.Ocorreu um total de 1.235 emergências, com 751 trabalhadores feridos e 1.364 mortos. A maioria das emergências foi decorrente de colapsos, contaminação do ar e explosões, principalmente em minas de carvão (77,41%), ouro (18,06%) e esmeralda (1,38%). Muitas emergências ocorreram em minas ilegais (27,21%), sobretudo de ouro, materiais de construção, esmeralda e carvão. As minas ilegais apresentavam maior proporção relativa de acidentes e mortes do que as minas legais (p < 0,05). É provável que os desastres em minas sejam subnotificados, uma vez que a Lei de Benford não foi cumprida.A Colômbia é um país com crescente atividade mineradora, e é crescente a ocorrência de emergências, acidentes e mortes em minas. Esta é a primeira descrição completa de emergências em minas na Colômbia com os poucos dados disponíveis.
Interface Bond Characterization between Fiber and Cementitious Matrix

The use of high performance composite fibers allows for the improvement of the mechanical properties of cement composites. Previous research results indicate that the mechanical properties of such composites are determined predominantly by the interface properties between the fiber and cementitious matrix. Many researchers have conducted single-fiber pull-out tests using cementitious composites to quantify the interfacial properties between the fiber and cement matrix. This paper aims to establish a design methodology that employs coefficients to represent the design parameters for the interfacial properties for three types of fibers: carbon fiber, polypropylene fiber, and twisted wire strand steel cord. The parameters for each type of fiber include the water-to-binder ratio and fiber embedment length. The adopted equation used for the numerical analysis was calibrated using experimental data, and design coefficients are proposed accordingly. The developed models could be validated successfully, and the pull-out characteristics of each fiber type are presented.
The Way of the Dolomites: the journey of the rock in the Dolomite Alps

The project has been designed to enhance the Dolomite material by promoting its knowledge and shared and conscious use through the identification and linkage of geosites present in the project area, geological analysis of this rock, mapping of quarries, its past and present methodsof extraction and Processing, conducting a census of the sites of interest where it was used, the identification of sites where pilot projects of analysis and analysis of restorative conservation of artefacts made with Dolomia, its present day’s utilization, the creation of an ecosustainable interregional geo-tourism path, the cross-border exchange of good practices of analysis and sustainable exploitation of the good stone. The project is closely linked to the area of the province of Belluno where the Dolomites are declared in 2009 the UNESCO World Heritage Site and the ara of Tyrol, of Dolomitic rocks of Belluno. The valorisation of this common environmental and cultural heritage is to be the key to sustainable regional development, also at tourist level, which considers mountains as the natural link between the two areas and as a moment of encounter between the
way of high education and the World of stone professionals.
HYBRID SPOOL VALVE FOR MULTI-PORT PULSE TUBE

The problems of reducing the torque required to turn the valve, eliminating wear dust, and extending the life of the valves in Gifford McMahon (G-M) type multi-port pulse tube refrigerators are solved by using a rotary spool valve having radial clearance to control flow to and from the regenerator, and using face seal ports on the end of the spool to control flow to and from the pulse tubes.
Boosted dark matter at the deep underground neutrino experiment

We investigate the detection prospects of a non-standard dark sector in the context of boosted dark matter. We consider a scenario where two stable particles have a large mass difference and the heavier particle accounts for most of dark matter in our current universe. The heavier candidate is assumed to have no interaction with the standard model particles at tree-level, hence evading existing constraints. Although subdominant, the lighter dark matter particles are efficiently produced via pair-annihilation of the heavier ones in the center of the Galaxy or the Sun. The large Lorentz boost enables detection of the non-minimal dark sector in large volume terrestrial experiments via exchange of a light dark photon with electrons or nuclei. Various experiments designed for neutrino physics and proton decay are examined in detail, including Super-K and Hyper-K. In this study, we focus on the sensitivity of the far detector at the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment for boosted dark matter produced in the center of the Sun, and compare our findings with recent results for boosted dark matter produced in the galactic center.
The Identification of Key Performance Indicators in Public Private Partnership Projects based on Structural Equation Modeling

The privatization of infrastructure is an important policy in China,in which PPPs have been applied in infrastructure development.However,lack of effective key performance indicators(KPIs) has hindered PPPs from being applied in good health.Aiming at helping public sectors in PPPs to improve the performance of PPP projects,the structural equation modeling(SEM) is utilized in this paper to simplify and analyze the total 48 performance indicators that were identified by prior researches by authors.Furthermore,the relationships between different indicator groups were also explored.Finally,41 KPIs were identified by SEM,and the findings from relationship analysis can be used for future research to measure the performance of PPP projects,which will hopefully improve the performance of PPPs in China.
Understanding Public Sector Debt: Financial Vicious Circle under the Soft Budget Constraint

The article explains why debt of public sector organizations grows beyond the sustainable level by focusing on the principal-agent relationship under the soft budget constraint. Specifically, this article explores the extent to which factors affect the level of public sector debt in the context of quasi-autonomous non-governmental organizations (quangos) in Korea over the past two decades (1993–2012). The findings from the panel data analysis suggest that the level of public sector debt increases as an outcome of the financial vicious circle created by the soft budget constraint: a knock-on effect of the moral hazard of quangos as well as the opportunistic behavior of political principals. Public sector debt is positively associated with agency-specific factors as well as the factors related to the political incentives such as policy preferences and electoral considerations. However, macroeconomic factors made little difference to the general pattern of the evidence.
Economic Assessment of Bioethanol Recovery Using Membrane Distillation for Food Waste Fermentation

Ethanol is a material that has a high demand from different industries such as fuel, beverages, and other industrial applications. Commonly, ethanol has been produced from yeast fermentation using sugar crops as a feedstock. However, food waste (FW) was found to be one of the promising resources to produce ethanol because it contained a higher amount of glucose. Generally, column distillation has been used to separate ethanol from the fermentation broth, but this operation is considered an energy-intensive process. On the contrary, membrane distillation is expected to be more practical and cost-effective because of its lower energy requirement. Therefore, this study aims to make a comparison of economic performance on FW fermentation with membrane distillation and a conventional distillation system using techno-economy analysis (TEA) method. A commercial-scale FW fermentation plant was modeled using SuperPro Designer V9.0 Modeling. Discounted cash flow analysis was employed to determine ethanol minimum selling price (MSP) for both distillation systems at 10% of the internal rate of return. Results from this analysis showed that membrane distillation has a higher MSP than a conventional process, $6.24 and $2.41 per gallon ($1.65 and $0.64 per liter) respectively. Hence, this study found that membrane distillation is not economical to be implemented in commercial-scale ethanol production.