SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR ANIMAL MANAGEMENT

A method is provided with respect to animals which are allowed to move in an area (11; 31) intended therefore, wherein the area includes at least one grazing paddock (12; 32) in which the animals can graze, and which the animals can enter and exit. According to the method the content of grass in the grazing paddock in terms of a total amount of grazing time left is determined. The number of animals in the grazing paddock is monitored by automatically registering each entry to the grazing paddock by an animal and each exit from the grazing paddock by an animal. The total amount of grazing time left in the grazing paddock is updated based on the determined content of grass in the grazing paddocks and the continuously monitored number of animals in the grazing paddock. A point of time when the grazing paddock will run out of grass is predicted based on the repeatedly or continuously updated total amount of grazing time left in the grazing paddock. Finally, an action with respect to the animals is initiated at a point of time which is related to the predicted point of time when the grazing paddock will run out of grass.
Stakeholder management and path dependence in large-scale transport infrastructure development: the port of Antwerp case (1960–2010)

Abstract The present paper argues that the effective implementation of new, large-scale seaport infrastructure projects provides a stimulus to policy makers to engage on a path of continuous reflection on who and what matters in decision-making: the continuous updating of one’s understanding of spatial differentiation of stakeholder views is critical in this respect, and involves the real inclusion of spatially proximate and spatially distant stakeholders. We analyze the role of path dependency in the socio-political process of long-term strategic port planning and the related requisite governance changes needed for effective implementation of large scale port projects. We mainly base ourselves on the most recent insights from stakeholder theory and the strategic planning literature, applied to the transport sector. Further, we take as a starting point one of the criticisms on path dependence that its proper application warrants more attention to temporal dynamics. We attempt to define these temporal dynamics and argue that (1) these are best identified by means of stakeholder-based analysis, and (2) long-term, strategic port planning based on real stakeholder inclusion can act as a driver for governance change in the broader port region or port system. We use a case-based, action-research type methodological approach, analyzing the strategic port planning process of the port of Antwerp to support our argument. We combine diachronic analysis of stakeholder inclusion in port planning, with an analysis of the general economic and infrastructural evolution of the port area and its impacts on stakeholders since 1960, and pay special attention to port governance changes during the period 1960–2010.
METHOD FOR DETERMINING PERFORMANCE INFORMATION OF A BATTERY OF A MOTOR VEHICLE ON-BOARD POWER SYSTEM THAT IS CONNECTED TO A DIRECT CURRENT CONVERTER, AND MOTOR VEHICLE

The invention relates to a method for determining performance information of a battery (6) of a motor vehicle on-board power system (2) that is connected to a direct current converter (3), wherein the direct current converter (3) is actuated to apply at least one alternating current having a specified frequency to the on-board power system (2) and the performance information is derived from at least one first electrical parameter on an output (12) of the direct current converter (3) on the on-board power system side and at least one second electrical parameter describing the reaction of the battery (6) to the applied alternating current.
Energy-efficient histogram on FPGA

The construction of histograms is an integral part of image processing pipelines, useful for image editing features such as histogram matching, thresholding and histogram equalization. In the past, research done on kernels used in image processing pipelines target advancements to achieve high throughput, area efficiency and low cost. However, a growing topic of interest that has not been fully explored is the use of energy efficiency as a key metric. In this work, we focus on developing an energy-efficient histogram implementation with a minimum frame rate of at least 30 frames per second. We determine the components that consume the most power and propose an optimized histogram implementation with the utilization of multiple optimizations to achieve notable improvement in energy efficiency while maintaining suitable throughput for usage within image processing pipelines. These optimizations include a data-defined memory activation schedule, a careful data layout and circuit-level pipelining. Our architecture is implemented on commonly-used image sizes which vary from 240 × l28 to 1216×912 and assume a pixel width of 16 bits per pixel. The post place-and-route results show that our optimized architecture has up to 15.3× higher energy efficiency when compared against the baseline architecture.
Research progress in pretreatment method for the quality improvement of biomass pyrolysis products

Biomass are known for its disadvantages,including high water content,low energy density,difficulty in comminuting into small particles and expensive transportation. However,pretreatment is one of the most effective ways to improve the quality of biomass pyrolysis products. The purpose of biomass pretreatment is to optimize certain features of biomass,such as hardness,particle size,density,composition,and chemical properties,to obtain more and higher quality of bio-oil in its pyrolysis liquefaction process. To improve the pretreatment technology with higher economic efficiency,the study onbiomass pretreatment technologies are reviewed in this paper. Many methods for high quality bio-oil have been discussed. In this review,the pretreatment technology,such as drying methods,acid hydrolysis,torrefaction,hydrothermal and biological methods,are analyzed in focus. Among them,drying methods and torrefaction have the potential in comparison. But the current study are still insufficient,we need to seek new pretreatment technology with lower cost,higher yield and less pollution. Suggestions on the development of pretreatment technology are also included. At present,the single biomass pretreatment methods have their defects,the combination of different pretreatment methods is the important direction in future research, in which the structural characteristics and composition of raw material properties are properly combined.
Strategies for environmental monitoring of marine carbon capture and storage

STEMM-CCS is an ambitious research and innovation project on geological carbon dioxide (CO2) storage that will deliver new insights, guidelines for best practice, and tools for all phases of the CO2 storage cycle at ocean Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) sites. It brings together the main operator (Shell) of the world’s first commercial scale full-chain ocean demonstration CCS project (Peterhead Project) with the leading scientific and academic researchers in the field of ocean CCS. The work performed in STEMM-CCS will add value to this existing operational programme, and fill gaps in future capability by providing generically applicable definitive guides, technologies and techniques informing how to select a site for CCS operations, how to undertake a risk assessment, how best to monitor the operations, how to provide information on fluxes and quantification of any leakage; necessary for the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) and to guide mitigation/remediation actions. All of this information will be used to better communicate the case for offshore CCS, with a particular focus on communities directly and indirectly impacted. During STEMM-CCS we will perform a simulated CO2 leak beneath the surface sediments at the site to be used for CCS as part of the Peterhead project. This experiment will be used to test CO2 leak detection, leak quantification, impact assessment, and mitigation/remediation decision support techniques currently at the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) stage 4-5 and support their development to a higher TRL. In addition, using new geophysical approaches STEMM-CCS will develop tools to assess leakage from natural geological features (e.g. chimneys) and engineered structures such as abandoned wells. The Peterhead project will commence during the life of STEMM-CCS and so a unique aspect is the focus on a real-world ocean CCS site covering its initial phases of implementation, with direct involvement of industrial partners.
SYSTEM FOR THE REMOVABLE FASTENING OF WOOD-BLOCKS FOR WOOD FLOORING OR THE LIKE

A system for fastening wood-blocks (10) of outdoor and indoor wood flooring comprising supports (1) of nylon (or other material) in the shape of butterfly able to rotate by 360- and positioned on a basic frame with a predetermined centre distance. Blocks of wood (10) (or other material) are positioned between adjacent butterfly supports and are milled longitudinally along all their length. Upon rotation of the butterfly support by 90-, the latter enters the milled area and fastens the wood-block to the basic frame, while upon rotation by further 90- the wood-block is released.
Validation of the Korean translation of obesity-related problems scale assessing the quality of life in obese Korean

The objective of this study was to translate the obesity-related problems (OP) scale for Koreans and to validate it for use in Korean populations.Translation and back-translation of the OP scale was performed and a pilot test was conducted. Following this, patients who had received treatment at the Obesity Center of Inha University Hospital were selected for participation in the field test. Cronbach's alpha (α) was used for assessment of the internal consistency of the OP scale. Spearman's correlation coefficients were used to assess the concurrent validity between the OP scale, the EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D), and the Beck depression inventory (BDI) scale. One-way analysis of variance and t-test were used to assess the factors associated with the OP scale.A total of 67 individuals participated in the field study. The standardized Cronbach's α of the OP was 0.913. A significant negative correlation was observed between the OP scale and the EQ-5D and a positive correlation was observed between the OP scale and the BDI (the correlation coefficient with EQ-5D = -0.316, and the BDI = 0.305, P < 0.05).The results of this study prove that the Korean version of the OP has been translated and adapted correctly in order to meet the standard of its use.
Augmented approaches to land 2

The proposed Augmented Approaches to Land 2 (AAL2) project addresses the full scope of the Call SESAR-VLD1-06-2016: Increased access to airports for low visibility mixed fleet operations. It builds upon the results from the former award winning SESAR project AAL, and will demonstrate augmented approach and landing operations based on the following SESAR solutions:
GBAS (Ground Based Augmentation System) CAT II with CAT I airborne and ground equipment, enabling lower decision heights to CAT II minima (DH 100ft) (addresses hubs and medium size airports);
EFVS (Enhanced Flight Vision System) to Land using Head Up /or Mounted Display, with operational credit down to 300 meters RVR in non- CAT II/III airports (addresses medium and small size airports).

A very large partnership of aviation stakeholders has been brought together for this project. Altogether this VLD project will enjoy the involvement of very relevant stakeholders, giving the project high credibility of successful execution of the demonstrations, achievable results, good external communication, and collaboration.

This partnership includes:
5 small/medium sized airports: Antwerp, Le Bourget, Payerne, Bremen, Perigueux;
2 large airports: Frankfurt and Newark;
6 Airspace Users :  HOP !, EBAA, Lufthansa Group, Ryanair, Flying Group, and Zurich Insurance;
4 ANSPs: Belgocontrol, DFS, DSNA and Skyguide;
3 airframe manufacturers : Airbus, ATR, Dassault-Aviation;
2 avionics manufacturers : Honeywell, ELBIT;
7 regulatory bodies: BAF (German CAA), BCAA (Belgium CAA), DGAC (French CAA), EASA, FOCA (Swiss CAA), IAA (Irish CAA), LBA (German CAA);
3 European or Intergovernmental organizations: EASA, ESSP, Eurocontrol;
1 Instrument Flight Procedure Expert: DLR.
Chairmen, Cocaine, and Car Crashes: The Knobe Effect as an Attribution Error

In this paper, we argue that the so-called Knobe-Effect constitutes an error. There is now a wealth of data confirming that people are highly prone to what has also come to be known as the ‘side-effect effect’. That is, when attributing psychological states—such as intentionality, foreknowledge, and desiring—as well as other agential features—such as causal control—people typically do so to a greater extent when the action under consideration is evaluated negatively. There are a plethora of models attempting to account for this effect. We hold that the central question of interest is whether the effect represents a competence or an error in judgment. We offer a systematic argument for the claim that the burden of proof regarding this question is on the competence theorist. We sketch an account, based on the notion of the reactive attitudes, that can accommodate both the idea that these sorts of judgments are fundamentally normative and that they often constitute errors.
Ensino Remoto na Rede Pública de Ensino do Estado do Paraná em Tempos de Pandemia

A proposta deste trabalho foi levantar percepções para apoiar a reflexão sobre a prática da modalidade de ensino remoto implementada no sistema de educação básica do estado do Paraná a partir da emergência da pandemia de COVID-19. Para tanto foram entrevistados os atores envolvidos neste processo: mães e pais, estudantes e professoras e professores da rede pública. Foi utilizada uma pauta de questões relacionadas ao acesso a equipamentos e à internet, participação, rotina diária, problemas, vantagens e desvantagens, saúde mental e investimentos para o levantamento de como foi e está sendo a implementação da modalidade não presencial de ensino na comunidade escolar. Os resultados demonstram que o modo de inserção do ensino remoto analisado no presente contexto apresenta equívocos e dificuldades demonstrado pela exclusão de grande parte do público, além de sobrecarregar todos os envolvidos. Há forte agravamento quando consideradas as escolas do campo, onde todo o processo é dificultado devido a realidade e os contextos singulares das comunidades do campo.
Atmospheric waves and global seismoacoustic observations of the January 2022 Hunga eruption, Tonga

The 15 January 2022 climactic eruption of Hunga volcano, Tonga, produced an explosion in the atmosphere of a size that has not been documented in the modern geophysical record. The event generated a broad range of atmospheric waves observed globally by various ground-based and spaceborne instrumentation networks. Most prominent was the surface-guided Lamb wave (≲0.01 hertz), which we observed propagating for four (plus three antipodal) passages around Earth over 6 days. As measured by the Lamb wave amplitudes, the climactic Hunga explosion was comparable in size to that of the 1883 Krakatau eruption. The Hunga eruption produced remarkable globally detected infrasound (0.01 to 20 hertz), long-range (~10,000 kilometers) audible sound, and ionospheric perturbations. Seismometers worldwide recorded pure seismic and air-to-ground coupled waves. Air-to-sea coupling likely contributed to fast-arriving tsunamis. Here, we highlight exceptional observations of the atmospheric waves.
Removal of psychoactive pharmaceutical caffeine from water by electro-Fenton process using BDD anode: Effects of operating parameters on removal efficiency

Caffeine, as a typical representative of pharmaceutical pollution, was subjected to the removal from water by means of the electro-Fenton process. The study of a single-molecule solution was meant for better understanding of the influence of operating parameters on the removal rates and for finding their optimal values. The setup comprised a bench-scale reactor equipped with a boron-doped diamond anode and a 3D carbon felt cathode. Degradation and mineralization kinetics were monitored for different sets of two major operating parameters: current intensity (from 100 to 1500 mA) and Fe2+ concentration (from 0.1 to 0.5 mM). Experimental data revealed that the optimal catalyst concentration was 0.2 mM, regardless the applied current intensity. For experiments on degradation kinetics, the trend of increasing the reaction rate with an increasing current was valid up to 300 mA. In contrast, the mineralization rate increased up to 1500 mA. The absolute reaction rate constant between caffeine and hydroxyl radical was determined as (2.48 ± 0.01) × 109 M−1 s−1. A follow-up of aromatic compounds, carboxylic acids and inorganic ions, enabled composition of a plausible degradation pathway for caffeine degradation by hydroxyl radicals. An analysis of the operating parameters versus evolution of degradation and mineralization showed that even small concentrations of Fe2+ and low current intensities led to complete degradation and almost complete mineralization.
Hierarchically designed injectable hydrogel from oxidized dextran, amino gelatin and 4-arm poly(ethylene glycol)-acrylate for tissue engineering application

Hydrogels are high in water content and have physical properties similar to native extracellular matrix (ECM), and thus they have been widely studied as three-dimensional (3D) tissue engineering scaffolds for cell culture. In this work, a two-step process was introduced to fabricate injectable hydrogel from oxidized dextran (ODex), amino gelatin (MGel) and 4-arm poly(ethylene glycol)-acrylate (4A-PEG-Acr) for cell encapsulation. A primary network was formed based on a Schiff based reaction between ODex and MGel, then a UV light-induced radical reaction of 4A-PEG-Acr was used to produce the independent secondary network. Both of the reactions were carried out under physiological conditions in the presence of living cells with no toxicity. The primary network depending on natural polymers could degrade rapidly to provide space and nutrition for encapsulated cells’ growth, and the secondary network could provide long-term mechanical stability. The attachment and spreading of pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) on IPN hydrogels were observed by DEAD/LIVE kit staining. Furthermore, cell spreading and cell proliferation within IPN hydrogels were observed using confocal microscopy after phalloidin/DAPI staining. The results showed that the as-prepared interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels possessed good mechanical properties, a controllable degradation rate and favorable biocompatibility. Therefore, the hierarchically designed hydrogel in this study could be a promising candidate for bone or cartilage tissue engineering applications.
The application of advanced raman spectroscopies to the quantitative analysis of industrial chromatography columns

Dr. Kevin Buckley (KB) was awarded his PhD from University College London (UCL) in 2011. At UCL he had worked to develop Raman spectroscopy as a tool for bone-disease diagnosis and he subsequently took a position as a Laser Spectroscopy Scientist, at the Rutherford Appleton Lab (RAL) in Oxfordshire, England, to continue this work. After leaving RAL, KB moved to the University of British Columbia (UBC) in Vancouver, Canada. At UBC he worked to develop a Raman spectroscopy-based instrument for detecting chemical changes in (donated) human red blood cells as they age in plastic blood-bags. He has recently (Aug 2015) returned to his home country of Ireland and the primary aim of the proposed Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellowship is to reintegrate him with the research community there. The primary scientific objectives of the fellowship to develop novel analytical methods based on Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) for applications in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. It is proposed that this interdisciplinary research take place under the supervision of Dr. Alan Ryder (AR) in the Nanoscale Biophotonics Lab (NBL) at the National University of Ireland, Galway. The combination of KB’s SORS expertise with AR’s biopharma expertise has the potential to deliver innovative science; KB is one of the few researchers in the world who has years of experience with SORS of complex materials (he trained under the inventor of SORS, Prof. P. Matousek FRSC, at RAL) and AR is an international leader in the development of quantitative analytical methods for biopharmaceutical manufacturing processes. In addition to scientific objectives, the fellowship programme has been designed to develop KB’s career and enhance his ability as a scientist. He will be provided with opportunities to develop academic teaching skills and will prepare a specific career development strategy. AR will also mentor KB as he prepares post-fellowship grant proposals and begins his independent academic career.
A Roadmap for Integrating Corporate Social Responsibility into EU Member States and Business Practises

Competitiveness of SMEs is high in the agenda of the European Commission (EC). Due to economic crisis there is a widespread expectation that businesses should be more accountable to the society. The EC issued the Directive 2014/95/EU, where companies concerned are required to disclose in their management report, information on policies, risks and outcomes as regards environmental, social and employee aspects, respect for human rights, anticorruption and bribery issues, and diversity in their board of directors; In other words, to integrate in their business models the CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) principles. Although, the new directive applies only to a limited number of large EU companies it leaves out the Small and Medium sized enterprises (SMEs) that are the predominant form of enterprise in EU and a key to achieving the goals of growth and jobs strategy. Studies have shown that CSR is viewed as a vital concept that businesses of all types and size need to understand and address. Also, there is a positive relationship between SMEs and CSR and their competitiveness. Our common challenge is to help member states to apply the new directive and new measures in their Operational Programmes in order SMEs to increase their competitiveness and sustainability.

The overall objective of the project is to help EU member states to apply CSR as a holistic management approach to SMEs. In this way, SMEs will increase their competitiveness. The main outputs of the project will help countries involved in the project to exchange experience, best practices and create a road map for integrating CSR into national and regional legislations and Programmes and as well to create national/regional actions plans. Moreover, an important output of the project will be the policy recommendations for the revision of the Directive 2014/95/EU in order to create precedents for future policy developments on CSR and corporate accountability not only for large companies but as well for SMEs.