SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Metrics for assessing thermal performance of stormwater control measures

Abstract Urban runoff can impact the thermal regime of surface waters and degrade valuable aquatic ecosystems. Some stormwater control measures (SCMs) have been shown to mitigate the effects of thermally-enriched runoff, but previous studies lacked consistency when characterizing the thermal behavior of SCMs. Ecologically-relevant parameters such as maximum outflow temperature, duration of temperatures exceeding thresholds for coldwater species, and thermal load have all been considered in past research. Standard metrics that properly represent the downstream impacts of urban stormwater were needed. This paper evaluated thermal metrics to provide designers and regulators with catchment-scale methods for assessing thermal performance and compliance. It was concluded that multiple metrics must be employed to account for both thermal load and biologically-based reference temperature limits. Metrics for temperature evaluations were broken out by data requirements. When only SCM temperature data are available, event mean temperature estimation appears to be the most rigorous metric. Groundwater temperature may also be employed as a surrogate metric for SCM discharge temperatures if conservative protection of coldwater stream health is desired. When SCM temperature and flow data exist, thermal load reductions should be explored. Efficacy of the low impact development (LID) strategy for temperature mitigation (retaining onsite greater than the 95th percentile storm event) was evaluated using field-collected permeable pavement data. Based on these data, retaining the 95th percentile storm event was determined to be an effective technique for thermal protection of surface waters. However, the most rigorous metrics involve long-term temperature and flow data from local reference streams. The best metric currently available is the uniform continuous above threshold (UCAT) method, in which it is necessary to consider continuous exposure duration when comparing against biological thresholds. These analyses can be tailored to specific species of interest within a targeted ecoregion. Combined with thermal load and mixing analysis in-stream, the UCAT method can provide a real-world estimation of the impacts of development. Additionally, evaluation of mixing zones in-stream should also be employed to adequately assess thermal impacts. However, these methods are the most data intensive. The metrics discussed in this paper can be used to inform new and existing design methodologies for regulating stormwater temperature, duration, and thermal load.
Method-level program dependence abstraction and its application to impact analysis

We develop a new program abstraction that directly models dependencies among methods.We assess the accuracy of the new abstraction model for forward dependence analysis.The proposed approach achieves much greater cost-effectiveness than peer options.The new dependence abstraction improves both static and dynamic impact analysis.The new abstraction is much more cost-effective than traditional model at method level. The traditional software dependence (TSD) model based on the system dependence graph enables precise fine-grained program dependence analysis that supports a range of software analysis and testing tasks. However, this model often faces scalability challenges that hinder its applications as it can be unnecessarily expensive, especially for client analyses where coarser results suffice.This paper revisits the static-execute-after (SEA), the most recent TSD abstraction approach, for its accuracy in approximating method-level forward dependencies relative to the TSD model. It also presents an alternative approach called the method dependence graph (MDG), compares its accuracy against the SEA, and explores applications of the dependence abstraction in the context of dependence-based impact analysis.Unlike the SEA approach which roughly approximates dependencies via method-level control flows only, the MDG incorporates more fine-grained analyses of control and data dependencies to avoid being overly conservative. Meanwhile, the MDG avoids being overly expensive by ignoring context sensitivity in transitive interprocedural dependence computation and flow sensitivity in computing data dependencies induced by heap objects.Our empirical studies revealed that (1) the MDG can approximate the TSD model safely, for method-level forward dependence at least, at much lower cost yet with low loss of precision, (2) for the same purpose, while both are safe and more efficient than the TSD model, the MDG can achieve higher precision than the SEA with better efficiency, both significantly, and (3) as example applications, the MDG can greatly enhance the cost-effectiveness of both static and dynamic impact analysis techniques that are based on program dependence analysis.More generally, as a program dependence representation, the MDG provides a viable solution to many challenges that can be reduced to balancing cost and effectiveness faced by dependence-based tasks other than impact analysis.
지속 가능한 제품 디자인을 위한 파티나의 활용에 관한 연구

Background : Affluence in the mass production-mass consumption era has resulted in the fast consumption of products. Fast consumption leads to product waste with short life cycles, and these short life cycles have raised environmental concerns. Sustainable design has thus emerged to cope with these environmental challenges. Despite the concerted efforts in sustainable design and, further, sustainable consumption, the product life cycle has remained short. This study is an attempt to address sustainable consumption by forming ongoing relationships between users/consumers and products. We are proposing the concept of patina in product/product-service design. Methods : We critically review the literature concerned with patina in various discip-lines in and around patina including design, history, literature and anthropology to apply the concept of patina to product design. We utilize a case study as a method to explore the concept and the applications of patina in design. Various cases dealing with patina have been analyzed. Based on the above analysis, we suggest various types of patina and the implications drawn from each type of patina. Results : Products have recently been short lived long before their due life cycles. These short life cycles at least partly hinge on the durability of the products’ relationship with their users. To enable products to have a longer life cycle, efforts should be made to reinforce the above relationship in addition to the concerns about eco-friendly materials, logistics and recycling. Patina, as a way of suggesting an emotionally durable design and product, can contribute to this relationship by forming user attachment to a product. Conclusion : Patina enables a product to be more valuable to its user as time goes by. The understanding and application of patina can help to prolong the life of a product and is a critical element for designing a sustainable product. This study is by its nature exploratory, thus needing more thorough analysis from cases and expert interviews to offer further practical implications to the field of sustainability including sustainable design.
FcgiOCSP: a scalable OCSP-based certificate validation system exploiting the FastCGI interface

SUMMARY

Certificate validation, one of the most important and complex tasks in Public Key Infrastructures, is still a challenging topic nowadays because of the scalability and complexity issues related to this process. Validation of an X.509 certificate requires checking its revocation status, either by consulting the so-called Certificate Revocation Lists or by contacting a specific server via the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP). Because more and more entities extensively need to validate the certificates used for various purposes (such as digital signature, server authentication, and secure e-mail), the OCSP servers become overloaded. Thus, an increasing effort is currently dedicated to the creation and management of scalable certificate validation architectures. In this work, we discuss scalability challenges in OCSP-based certificate validation, and we propose a method to evaluate the OCSP server performance in stress conditions. Next, we experimentally measure the performance, expressed in terms of response time and throughput, of some open-source OCSP implementations. Finally, we propose and evaluate our own scalable OCSP-based certificate validation system, named FcgiOCSP, as it exploits the FastCGI interface. Experimental results demonstrate the high performance of FcgiOCSP with respect to other OCSP implementations evaluated in this work. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Internationalisation of SCORPION eyewear TOMASZ URBAN activities by exploiting the export potential of products

The project submitted for funding includes the participation of Scorpion Eyewear TOMASZ URBAN in six types of international trade fairs in Poland and EU countries, each time as an exhibitor with its own professional promotional stand/total 11 trips/. As part of acquiring new target markets for the Company/British, German, French, Italian/, considered in the optical industry to be prestigious, the Company wants to make optimal use of the export potential of its own brands of three product groups: glasses, sunglasses, optical accessories. Scorpion Eyewear has planned to develop its export activity based on the knowledge and experience gained in selling its products, taking into account the analyses and market trends forecast for the coming years.Both new target markets and marketing and promotion activities have been analysed and recommended for the Company in an individual business model as part of the “Business Strategy for the Internationalisation of Enterprise Activities for Scorpion Eyewear Tomasz Urban”. The aim of the Project’s activities as part of the implementation of the “Strategy (...)” objectives is to internationalise the company’s activities by exploiting the export potential of its own products. Internationalisation of the Company will stimulate the dynamics of exports, search and selection of business partners and attract new partners, which will ultimately enable Scorpion Eyewear’s presence in the next EU countries to be initiated and to strengthen the Company’s position in the industry in the domestic and foreign market. The most important indicator goal, from the point of view of the Company’s further activity, is to increase the number of contractors by increasing the recognition of the Scorpion Eyewear brand and establishing new business contacts.
Regulation of a TrkB Alternative Transcript by microRNAs

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background/Aims:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor (TrkB)-mediated signaling is vital for neuronal differentiation, survival, plasticity, and cognition. In this study, the focus was placed on TrkB-Shc, a neuron-specific transcript, to determine if microRNAs (miRNAs) play a role in TrkB-Shc regulation. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; A combination of bioinformatics and molecular gene expression analysis techniques was used to assess the effect of miR-409-3p and miR-216b on TrkB-Shc expression. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; miR-409-3p and miR-216b were found to regulate the TrkB-Shc 3′UTR through the identified putative binding sites. When the effect of the miRNAs on TrkB was assessed using SHSY5Y neuronal cells, differential effects were observed between mRNA and protein expression. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; This study highlights the importance of miRNA-mediated regulation in TrkB signaling.
Tumor cell death supports recurrence of cancer

Introduction: Current anti-cancer treatments are often inefficient, while many patients initially benefit from anti-cancer drugs eventually experience relapse of resistant tumors throughout the body. Current clinical strategies mainly aim at inducing tumor cell death, but this induction may have unintentional and unwanted side effects on surviving tumor cells.

Preliminary data: We show that after chemotherapy-induced initial regression, PyMT mammary tumors reappear. During regression, we observe an increased number of cells that have undergone epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and become migratory. We show that migration can be induced upon uptake of extracellular vesicles (e.g. apoptotic bodies). Our findings suggest that EMT is induced upon chemotherapy, through e.g. EV uptake, potentially leading to migration and growth of surviving cells.

Hypothesis and main aim: Based on preliminary data, we hypothesize that tumor cell death induces migration and growth of the surviving tumor cells. We aim to identify the key cell types and mechanisms that mediate this effect, and establish whether interference with these cells and mechanisms can reduce recurrence of tumors after chemotherapy.

Approach: We have developed unique intravital imaging tools and genetically engineered fluorescent mice to visualize and characterize if and how dying tumor cells can affect surrounding surviving tumor and stromal cells. We will test whether dying tumor cells can influence the growth, migration, dissemination and metastasis of surviving tumor cells directly or indirectly through stromal cells. We will identify potential targets to block the influence of the dying tumor cells, and test whether this blockade inhibits the unintended side-effects of tumor cell death.

Conclusion: With the studies proposed in this grant, we will gain fundamental insights on how induction of tumor cell death, the universal aim of therapy, could play a role in growth and spread of surviving tumor cells.
DEMONSTRATION APPLICATION OF BEIDOU SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY IN DETAILED GEOLOGICAL DISASTER INVESTIGATION IN YUSHU,QINGHAI PROVINCE

Based on the positioning and communication of Beidou Navigation Satelliate System,which combines IP satellite technology,network and grid technology,the modern field geological work management and service mode are established to realize the information interconnection and interflow between the investigator in-field,investigator in-residence,field station,regional center of investigator and China Geological Survey.The department of project management may inspect the work of investigator in the field,get the work progress in the field,and provide remote service of emergency disposal by internet any time.The demonstrated application revealed very well to the modern field geological work management and service mode in the project of detailed geological disaster survey in Yushu,Qinghai Province.
Parenting Enhancement, Interpersonal Psychotherapy to Reduce Depression in Low-Income Mothers of Infants and Toddlers

BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms and clinical depression are highly prevalent in low-income mothers and negatively affect their infants and toddlers. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to test interpersonal psychotherapy combined with parenting enhancement on depressive symptoms and parenting behavior, compared with an equal attention-control condition. METHODS Mothers (n = 226) of Early Head Start infants and toddlers from the southeastern and northeastern United States were randomized to the intervention delivered in-home by psychiatric mental health advanced practice nurses or an equal attention-control condition delivered by generalist nurses. Rigorous clinical depressive symptom and depression assessments and videotaped, coded mother-child interactions were used as baseline and 14-, 22-, and 26-week postintervention measures. RESULTS Both the intervention and control groups had significantly reduced Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores at each subsequent time point compared with baseline (p < .0001). However, only mothers receiving the intervention showed a significant increase in positive involvement with their child, as measured by closeness, positive effect, affection, and warm touch at T4 (t = 2.22, df = 156, p < .03). DISCUSSION Both intervention and control conditions resulted in symptom reduction, but only the intervention mothers showed significant interaction changes with their child, an essential step in reducing the negative child outcomes associated with maternal depressive symptoms. Results suggest that a combination of generalist and specialist nurses could be used to treat depressive symptoms in these mothers. Further study with longer postintervention observation is needed to see if, over time, the intervention led to longer-lasting symptom reduction.
Ontic Structural Realism and the Principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles

Recently, there has been a debate as to whether or not the principle of the identity of indiscernibles (the PII) is compatible with quantum physics. It is also sometimes argued that the answer to this question has implications for the debate over the tenability of ontic structural realism (OSR). The central aim of this paper is to establish what relationship there is (if any) between the PII and OSR. It is argued that one common interpretation of OSR is undermined if the PII turns out to be false, since it is committed to a version of the bundle theory of objects, which implies the PII. However, if OSR is understood as the physical analogue of (sophisticated) mathematical structuralism then OSR does not imply the PII. It is further noted that it is (arguably) a virtue of OSR that it is compatible with a version of the PII for possible worlds.
Combining electrophysiology and cognitive computational modeling in research on meaning in language

Language and meaning processing have been investigated with event-related brain potentials (ERPs), providing direct time-resolved measures of electrical brain activity, and with connectionist network models, providing mechanistic implementations of the assumed processes. However, there has been very little contact between these fields, even though a combination of both methods could be highly beneficial. Based on initial evidence from the applicant, the present project therefore aims to integrate ERPs and computational models in research on language and meaning.
Specifically, the N400 ERP component is widely used in research on language and meaning. As the computational mechanisms underlying this component are still unclear, we recently related the N400 to a model of word meaning and observed a close correspondence between N400 amplitudes and semantic network error. As network error is often conceptualized as implicit prediction error, we took these results to indicate that N400 amplitudes may reflect implicit prediction error in the semantic system. 
However, because the most typical N400 effects are observed during sentence processing, I propose to extend connectionist N400 simulations to sentence processing (Objective 1). Furthermore, the development of syntactic and semantic knowledge in the model should be related to the development of syntactic and semantic ERP components, both in developmental time and when processing words in sentences over time (Objective 2). Next, we aim to test behavioral predictions derived from this model-based account of N400 amplitudes, namely that larger N400 amplitudes should enhance implicit memory formation (Objective 3). Finally, the model-based account of N400 amplitudes as reflecting implicit prediction error should be tested in a conceptually similar theoretical framework, namely the Bayesian brain hypothesis. Thus, we will model N400 amplitudes as Bayesian surprise in the semantic system (Objective 4).
Eurosolar for all: energy communities for a fair energy transition in  europe (sun4all)

Ensuring that vulnerable households have access to renewable energies is equitable, helps to cover energy needs, and can support multiple policy goals, such as affordable energy, job creation, and improved public health. Although the need is great, many households may not be able to afford RES installations or may be inhibited from participating in the energy transition for other reasons such as lack of access to information, difficulties to access finance or ownership patterns. 
EuroSolar for All (Sun4All) sets up a financial support scheme for renewable energy access for energy poor households. The programme offers vulnerable consumers the opportunity to subscribe to community solar. The general scheme is based on the existing New York’s initiative named “Solar for All” and will be adapted and implemented in 4 cities and regions in Europe: Barcelona (ES), Communauté de Communes Coeur de Savoie (FR), Rome (IT) and Almada (PT).
The overall idea is to offer solar shares to vulnerable consumers instead of a traditional social subsidy (p.e to pay utility bill arrears). The beneficiaries of the programme will be co-owners of a local PV plant and the revenues produced through the generation and selling of the energy will be used to reduce energy bills. Besides, ES4All presents other multiple co benefits:
-Beneficiaries save money through a free community solar subscription
-Access is ensured whether participants are renters or homeowners ensuring their participation into the energy transition and leaving no one behind. 
-Eurosolar for All facilitates behaviour change and provides tailored advice to beneficiaries.
-The programme optimizes social subsidies by transforming them into a profitable investment for the beneficiaries
After testing and evaluating the model in these 4 cities and regions, replication and up-scaling of the programme is foreseen in at least 10 other EU cities and planned in other cities and regions to become an established programme in Europe.
Wireless protocol converter for field devices

A method of collecting data from a field device 406 and for performing protocol conversion includes: receiving a data set encoded in a process control protocol, such as Profibus or Fieldbus protocols; extracting a payload from the data set via a processor 412; storing at least some of the payload in a memory 418; and transmitting at least some of the payload in a general-purpose communication protocol, such as IEEE 802.11 or a mobile telephony protocol. Another method comprises: receiving, in a field communicator 405, a command from a user communicator indicating a field device 406; identifying, based thereupon, a target field device including a corresponding protocol; encoding a protocol-encoded data set based on the target device protocol; and transmitting the data to the target device. A field communicator communicates with a field device via a transmitter, and a wireless network interface controller 416. Data may be retrieved by polling the field device, and data may be delivered to a remote asset management system (68, fig. 1) via a wireless gateway (35, fig. 1).
Parallel Modulus Operations in RSA Encryption by CPU/GPU Hybrid Computation

This research mainly proposes a method to resolve the bottleneck of running RSA encryption algorithms on CPUs. The RSA encryption algorithm involves with the operation of large numbers. Accompanied by the enhancement of the hardware performance of computers, the RSA key length is increased for providing substantial security. To crack RSA encryption, methods based on factoring of large prime numbers are currently in use, in which GPU parallel techniques have been utilized to speed up factorization of prime numbers in recent years. However, most RSA encryptions are still performed on CPUs. To deal with the increasing speed of cracking through high speed GPU operations, the RSA key length continues to increase and so does the cost of RSA encryption. Presently many researches of RSA encryptions are based on the Montgomery algorithm, in which operations of modular multiplication are parallelized to enhance the performance, however, modulus operations are still performed on the single core CPU. In addition to use the Montgomery algorithm on CPUs to accelerate the RSA encryption algorithm, we also exploit the convolution property of the Fast Fourier Transform and the convergence of the Newton's method. As a result, cooperative heterogeneous computing for parallel processing on CPU/GPU hybrids is used to greatly enhance the encryption performance.