SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR REDUCING PHASING ERRORS WHEN SEQUENCING NUCLEICACIDS USING TERMINATION CHEMISTRY

A method for nucleic acid sequencing may include disposing a plurality of template nucleic acid molecules in a plurality of defined spaces disposed on a sensor array, at least some of the plurality of template nucleic acid molecules having a sequencing primer and a polymerase operably bound therewith; advancing one or more nucleotide species over the plurality of template nucleic acid molecules with the sequencing primer and the polymerase operably bound therewith; measuring a signal generated by nucleotide incorporations resulting from advancing the one or more nucleotide species; and exposing the plurality of template nucleic acid molecules to a cleaving reagent subsequent to the advancing and measuring. The cleaving reagent can remove labeling reagents attached to the one or more nucleotide species. The advancing and measuring steps can be performed for different orders of the one or more nucleotide species prior to a subsequent exposing of the plurality of template nucleic acid molecules to the cleaving reagent.
Assessment of Patient Delay in Healthcare Seeking Behavior and Associated Factors among Women with Tuberculosis in Governmental Health in Stitution, Mekelle City, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2012

Objectives: was to assess patient delay in health care seeking behavior and associated factors among women with Tuberculosis in Mekelle City Governmental health facilities, Ethiopia 2012.Methods: The study design was Cross-sectional study and systematic random sampling technique was used to select participants from all governmental health facilities in Mekelle City. The study periods were from May 2012 to December, 2012.Data collection procedure was by using interviewer administered questionnaire. After completing data collection, data was coded and entered into SPSS version 20 software for analysis. univariate, Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was computed and data was presented in texts, tables and figure. Result: A total of 257 participants were interviewed using standardized structured questionnaire and included in the analysis. Of those 15 respondents were excluded from the analysis for gross incompleteness and inconsistency of responses, made a response rate of 94.16 %. The mean age of respondents was30.59+12.61 years ranging from 16-75 years old. Being in age group >55 (AOR: 0.23, 95% CI 0.006, 0.03) was at risk for delay. Marital status 79(75.2%)was also found to be significantly associated with patient delay to seeking care and was found to be at great risk delay in seeking care (AOR: 0.002, 95% CI 0.001, 0.32) than that of other (divorce& widowed). Educational status was also found to be significantly associated with patient delay, illiterate 63(98.4%) by adjacently (AOR: 27, 95% CI 1.30, 60.45) was at risk for patient delay. Conclusion and Recommendation In conclusion the finding of this result showed that from the total respondents the reason of patient delay for seeking care for more than two third of the respondents were lack of money, illiteracy and being married was significantly associated with patient delay Therefore, Delay in care seeking behavior among women with TB more specific and effective education and income improvement needs work on self-esteem development on care seeking behavior among women’s with TB.
First Emergence of acrAB and oqxAB Mediated Tigecycline Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae Pre-Dating the Use of Tigecycline in a Chinese Hospital

Tigecycline is one of the few therapeutic options for treating infections caused by some multi-drug resistant pathogens, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae. However, tigecycline-resistant K. pneumoniae has been discovered recently in China. From 2009 to 2013, nine tigecycline-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates were identified in our hospital. Six of nine strains were identified before using tigecycline. To investigate the efflux-mediated resistance mechanisms of K. pneumoniae, the expression of efflux pump genes (acrA, acrB, tolC, oqxA and oqxB) and pump regulators (acrR, marA, soxS, rarA, rob and ramA) were examined by real-time RT-PCR. Molecular typing of the tigecycline resistant strains was performed. ST11 was the predominant clone of K. pneumoniae strains, while ST1414 and ST1415 were novel STs. Efflux pump inhibitor (EPI)-carbonyl cyanide chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) was able to reverse the resistance patterns of 5 resistant K. pneumoniae strains. In comparison with strain A111, a tigecycline-susceptible strain (negative control), we found that the expression levels of efflux pump genes and pump regulators were higher in a majority of resistant strains. Higher expression levels of regulators rarA (2.41-fold, 9.55-fold, 28.44-fold and 18.31-fold, respectively) and pump gene oqxB (3.87-fold, 31.96-fold, 50.61-fold and 29.45-fold, respectively) were observed in four tigecycline resistant strains (A363, A361, A368, A373, respectively). Increased expression of acrB was associated with ramA and marA expression. To our knowledge, studies on tigecycline resistance mechanism in K. pneumoniae are limited especially in China. In our study, we found that both efflux pump AcrAB-TolC and OqxAB contributed to tigecycline resistance in K. pneumoniae isolates.
A Multi-Criteria GIS Site Selection for Sustainable Cocoa Development in West Africa

Cocoa occupies 6 million hectares in humid coastal West Africa where 70% of the world supply is grown, 90% of which is produced on 2 million family farms of 2 hectares or less. Here, at least 16 million people depend on cocoa but earn only $100/person/year from the crop. There is need to optimize the farming system, minimize the environmental impact of technologies, and improve socio-economic dynamics. This study identifies areas with potential for intensified cocoa farming and where maximum impact to household income could be achieved without deforestation. The selection involves defining suitability criteria, preparing an inventory of available data, determining suitability based on identified criteria, and combining suitability into hierarchical preferences based on weights proposed by local experts. GIS and Multi-Criteria land Evaluation technique using biophysical, socioeconomic, and demographic variables were employed in selection. Nineteen administrative units were selected in Nigeria where the intervention project could be implemented.
Kor — Plan de Internacionalización

La inversión en factores intangibles de competitividad que facilitan la entrada en ocho mercados geográficos estratégicos, entre ellos: i) la participación en ferias de referencia, ii) la prospección y la atracción de clientes, iii) la inversión en la transformación digital y iv) la innovación en prácticas comerciales.
Xtpl - a new generation of tcf layers for use in displays and thin film photovoltaic cells

Our nanotechnology based printing solution is dedicated for use in PV cells and in home electronics (LCD displays). We intend to increase economic attractiveness of the use of the photovoltaics (by its cost reduction), in case of home electronics, energy efficiency will be increased by reduction of energy consumption of displays (by increasing the efficiency of electric energy delivered to the light-emitting layer). It will be possible thanks to our disruptive innovation, that is a new generation of TCF layers for use in displays and thin film photovoltaic cells. 
eXtra Transparent Printed Lines (XTPL) are a response to the rising market demand for new TCF layers (transparent conductive film). For many years ITO (indium-tin oxide) has been a standard and it was sufficient for the majority of applications. But now ITO is no longer adequate. Our transparent conductive layer having advantageous characteristics in relation to ITO (higher transparency, lower electrical resistance, higher flexibility). 
Moreover XTPL based on the broadly available resources characterized by lower price volatility relative to indium or lower impact of this volatility on the total cost of the layer. Our preliminary plan assume sale of XTPL printers with a license (licensing) to LCD & PV cells' market leaders. In terms of market saturation of competing technologies, the competitive analysis indicates that the market of alternative to ITO conductive layers is currently at an early stage of development and the level of market saturation is low, which gives scope for the implementation of the outcome of the project.
Adult Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use: An Examination of Bond Theory

Using data from the 2010 National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), this research examines the extent to which social bonds predict nonmedical prescription drug use among adults. Logistic regression analyses reveal that marital bonds are consistently and negatively related to various types of nonmedical drug use net other social and medical factors; however, employment bonds are only significant and negative in models predicting nonmedical pain reliever use. Analyses of interaction terms between gender and social bonds are examined but are found non-predictive. Issues concerning a lack of data availability for adult nonmedical drug use and the quality of adult bonds are discussed.
The PUF Promise

AbstractPhysical Uncloneable Functions (PUF) are systems whose physical behavior to different inputs can be measured reliably, yet cannot be cloned in a physical replica. Existing designs propose to derive uncloneability from an assumed practical impossibility of exactly replicating inherent manufacturing variations, e.g., between individual chipset instances. The PUF promise has drawn significant attention lately and numerous researchers have proposed to use PUFs for various security assurances ranging from authentication to software licensing.In this paper we survey the history of PUFs as well as the existing body of research proposing applications thereof.KeywordsAuthentication ProtocolVery Large Scale IntegrationSecrecy RateStatic Random Access MemorySRAM CellThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
When flows turn turbulent in the supercritical fluid region

From concentrated solar power plants to rocket engines, energy conversion systems are continually re-engineered to perform ever better. Often this involves fluids being pushed into the supercritical region, where highly non-ideal thermodynamic effects are at play. Yet, our fundamental understanding of flow physics at such conditions lags behind to successfully realize these exciting engineering applications. Especially, the sharp variations in thermophysical properties and the high optical density at supercritical pressures lead to significantly richer flow physics and even more intricate phenomena in turbulence. In three work packages, I will (1) elucidate laminar-turbulent transition; (2) unravel compressible effects on turbulence; and (3) unveil turbulence-radiation interactions, ranging from the critical point to conditions far into the supercritical region of a fluid. Exploiting my recent achievements, I will perform the first study of its kind, combining advanced hydrodynamic stability analysis, novel multi-physics simulation tools, and original experiments with infrared thermography to identify and characterize new flow physics in the supercritical fluid region. The results will reveal how and when flows in the non-ideal region transition to turbulence, how strong compressibility affects turbulent heat transfer, and how the higher optical density of a fluid interacts with turbulence. Uncovering these mechanisms will actively contribute to a breakthrough in a wide range of emerging technologies, from utility-scale concentrated solar power plants to more powerful and efficient propulsion systems.
ENHANCED RANDOM ACCESS PROCEDURE FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS

The invention relates to a random access procedure for use in a mobile communication system. Furthermore, the invention also provides a mobile terminal and a base station that as suitably adapted to perform the random access procedure as well as the definition of a special format of a random access response message signalled during the random access procedure. To suggest a random access procedure that allows more information to be conveyed in the fist scheduled transmission of the random access procedure, the invention proposes a random access procedure for use in a mobile communication system, wherein a base station transmits a random access response in response to receiving a random access preamble from a mobile terminal, wherein the random access response message comprises a grant for a scheduled transmission by the mobile terminal and an indication on the uplink transmission mode for the scheduled transmission.
Information-Age microscopy for deep vision imaging of biological tissue

Modern biology could not exist without the optical microscope. Hundreds of years of research have seemingly developed microscopes to perfection, with one essential limitation: in turbid biological tissue, not even the most advanced microscope can penetrate deeper than a fraction of a millimetre. At larger depths light scattering prevents the formation of an image. DEEP VISION takes a radically new approach to microscopy in order to lift this final limitation.
Microscopes are based on the idea that light propagates along a straight line. In biological tissue, however, this picture is naive: light is scattered by every structure in the specimen. Since the amount of ‘non-scattered’ light decreases exponentially with depth, a significant improvement of the imaging depth is fundamentally impossible, unless scattered light itself is used for imaging.
In 2007, Allard Mosk and I pioneered the field of wavefront shaping. The game-changing message of wavefront shaping is that scattering is not a fundamental limitation for imaging: using a spatial light modulator, light can be focused even inside the most turbid materials, if ‘only’ the correct wavefront is known.
DEEP VISION aims to initiate a fundamental change in how we think about microscopy: to use scattered light rather than straight rays for imaging. The microscope of the future is no longer based on Newtonian optics. Instead, it combines new insights in scattering physics, wavefront shaping, and compressed sensing to extract all useful information from a specimen.
Whereas existing microscopes are ignorant to the nature of the specimen, DEEP VISION is inspired by information theory; imaging revolves around a model that integrates observations with statistical a-priori information about the tissue. This model is used to calculate the wavefronts for focusing deeper into the specimen. Simulations indicate that my approach will penetrate at least four times deeper than existing microscopes, without loss of resolution.
CONTROL UNIT FOR A LED ASSEMBLY AND LIGHTING SYSTEM

A control unit for an LED assembly comprising a first and second LED unit, said LED units being serial connected is described. The LED assembly, in use, is powered by a switched mode power supply. The control unit being arranged to receive an input signal representing a desired output characteristic of the LED assembly, determine a first and second duty cycle for respective LED units associated with a nominal current of the switched mode power supply, for providing the desired output characteristic, determine the largest of the first and second duty cycles for respective LED units, determine a reduced current based on at least the largest of the duty cycles, adjust the first and second duty cycle for respective LED units based on the reduced current, - provide an output signal for the LED assembly and the switched mode power supply based on the adjusted first and second duty cycles and the reduced current for obtaining the desired characteristic.
Impact of Labour Market Measures on Unemployment

The paper analyses the impact of labour market measures on unemployment. It defines institutional and active labour market measures (ALMSs) as well as passive (unemployment benefits) labour market policies. Considering the fact that labour market is an open system, its function is influenced by many external and internal factors. Labour market answers the changes of the economic environment, therefore the decrease of general production volume, production exports and investment flows during the economic recession reduce vacancies and increase unemployment. It is claimed that the person, who lost his job, experiences financial shortage as well as faces the social - psychological problems, which often have to deal with the State devoted financial resources. The situation in the labour market is proposed to improve applying some different measures. The experience of some countries shows that there is a variety of labour market regulation and unemployment support measures, but the measures determined the positive effect on labour market in one countries not definitely appear as active in the other group of countries. It is argued that the labour market liberalization can create more opportunities to establish new working places, which would satisfy the needs of people who lost their job, and the changes would be beneficial for both employers and employees. Still, the labour market liberalization in the country is rather controversial. Although a lot of researchers and practitioners deal with the problems of labour market, still there is lack of an analysis on the effects of labour market measures. The paper generalizes the experience of labour market liberalization and the impact of labour market measures on unemployment in the country as well as in other foreign countries.http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.22.2.315
Rationality in the flesh

This project aims to propose a novel solution to the problem of knowledge- and wellbeing-conducive irrationality. Empirical research shows that irrationality is sometimes preferable to rationality: even simplest decisions, like choosing a meal from menu, cannot be made by emotionless cost-benefit analysis alone only; religious faith helps to recover from surgery and is conducive to mental health; faith in success of a relationship makes it more successful, and even the capacity for moral agency requires empathy. These findings challenge a standard conception of rationality, according to  which following reason and norms of logic is a reliable path to knowledge and wellbeing. 

I argue that solution to this problem is to take body into account. Traditional approaches in psychology and philosophy often ignore human body. However, numerous findings suggest that body affects our cognition and decision-making through emotions, intuitions, etc., that often go unnoticed by our conscious mind. When offered to choose an object, people prefer that on their right hand side without realising that. Such circumstances, as left and right, insubstantial for rational decision-making, have crucial importance for our body. Bodily influence is structured and predictable, thus I hypothesise that body has its own kind of rationality, working in parallel to intellectual reasoning. 

This study will develop and test this hypothesis by analysing the paragon cases of irrationality with positive and negative outcomes. It will go to the flesh and bone of cognition in order to reveal the basic structures of what is deemed irrational according to the standard concept. This project will open new research horizons on two levels: the ground-breaking methodological approach, combining the cutting-edge embodied method and legacy of pragmatic philosophy will be applied to the representative cases of irrationality. This will involve a novel re-reading of the empirical material of cognitive science, religious studies, and psychology, challenging traditional ideas about human cognition and developing a novel theory of irrationality, thus promoting European excellence in research and practical dealing with irrationality in policy making.
PARAMETRIC AND NON-PARAMETRIC BOOTSTRAP: A SIMULATION STUDY FOR A LINEAR REGRESSION WITH RESIDUALS FROM A MIXTURE OF LAPLACE DISTRIBUTIONS

﻿﻿In this simulation study, we compared ordinary least squares (OLS), weighted least squares (WLS), and three bootstrap versions (resampling of data points, resampling residuals, generating new residuals from Laplace distributions) for a linear regression with independent residuals from a mixture of two Laplace distributions. Leverage points were removed from the data, more outliers were added, and knowledge about the two Laplace distributions was omitted. For the data set with more extreme outliers, all methods showed problems with the coverage probability of the confidence intervals for parameter estimation, but bootstrap method 1 was clearly more robust. For the base data set, there was no difference between bootstrap and WLS, similarly to the data set with some leverage points removed. Without knowledge of the two Laplace distributions, bootstrap method 2 performed best in that standard errors of the parameter estimates was lower and confidence intervals shorter. This result suggests that, depending on the sample kurtosis compared to distribution kurtosis, bootstrap method 2 (non-parametric) or 3 (parametric) is better.
Enhanced operation of a wastewater treatment process by periodic forcing input

Abstract This paper considers investigating the performance of a wastewater treatment plant consisting of a bioreactor with recycle followed by a clarifier under forced feed circulation. A previously developed dynamic model for the process is used to conduct the performance analysis. The static version of the model was utilized first to determine the optimal productivity conditions for the process. Numerical optimization is used to design the feed periodic function. The parameters of the feed cyclic functions are determined which resulted in improved productivity and substrate consumption. The improvement in productivity is marginal and is satisfactory for substrate conversion compared to that of the optimal condition and to the steady state condition, which corresponds to the average value of the periodic function.
Circular solutions for the textile industry

Glaukos will develop innovative textile fibres and textile coatings that reconcile an excellent environmental performance with adequate technical characteristics. The focus lies on two important contributors to the (micro)plastic pollution in our oceans: fishing gear and clothing. The complete life cycle of these textiles will be redesigned: their sustainability performance (i.e. biodegradability and bio-recyclability) will be enhanced significantly, while their technical performance will be matched to end-user requirements. Glaukos builds upon i) triggerable biodegradability as key concept in polymer design to mitigate textile-based microplastics pollution, and ii) bio-recycling as sustainable end-of-life solution. In addition, the supply chain distance is substantially reduced by scaling up a disruptive way of producing the main polymer building block from several bio-based feedstocks. The underlying objective of Glaukos is to reduce the carbon and the plastic footprint of clothing and fishing gear.

Stakeholder engagement is an integral part of the project: i) Stakeholder Labs will be set up to involve end-users from the clothing and fishing gear industry (e.g. to match technical requirements), ii) consumer awareness will be raised via e.g. influencer marketing, and iii) the fishing gear industry will be supported as regards to Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) on fishing gear litter. New Life Cycle Assessment methods will be developed to better assess the plastic footprint of textile value chains. Finally, integrated methods to assess the biodegradability and ecotoxicity of microplastics in marine environments will be developed and their standardization initiated. 

(* Glaukos is the Greek sea god of fishermen. He was commonly believed to protect the oceans, as is the ambition of this project by developing innovative alternatives for textiles that are currently polluting our oceans.)