SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Dark energy, paradigm shifts, and the role of evidence

We comment on cases in the history of Astronomy, which may shed some light on the current established but enigmatic concordance model of Cosmology. Should the model be understood by adding new entities such as Dark Matter and Dark Energy, or by modifying the underlying theory? For example, the prediction and discovery of planet Neptune can be regarded as analogous to finding a dark component; while explaining the anomalous perihelion precession of Mercury by General Relativity can be taken as analogous to the possibility that modified gravity is an alternative to dark components of the universe. In this paper, we revise this analogy coming from the history of astronomy with an eye to illustrating some of the similarities and differences between the two cases.
FILM FOR PACKAGING

The present disclosure provides a film. In an embodiment, a multilayer film having at least three layers is provided. The multilayer film includes two skin layers, each skin layer composed of a blend of a low density polyethylene and an ethylene-based elastomer having a density less than 0.90 g/cc. The multilayer film also includes a core layer located between the skin layers. The core layer includes a propylene-based plastomer having a density less than 0.90 g/cc. The multilayer film has an onset end temperature from 90°C to 110°C and a heat seal strength at 120°C from 1.5 N/cm to 2.5 N/cm.
From planet-forming disks to giant planets

Planet-forming disks around young stars display a large variety of spatial structures indicating pattern formation by gas-dust dynamics and planet-disk interactions. The diversity of planetary properties point to different physical and chemical conditions in their parental disks and a range of formation pathways. Currently, there is no unifying approach which connects disk physics and chemistry with exoplanet properties. The development of such a link remains a considerable challenge as long as fundamental disk properties are uncertain. The objective of this project is to close the gap between the conditions in planet-forming disks and the properties of giant planets and their atmospheres.
 
We will constrain fundamental disk properties - mass, turbulent state, and molecular content - by dedicated infrared and (sub)millimetre observations combined with comprehensive modeling efforts and experimental studies of ice-grain surface chemistry. The second very demanding project goal is to discover young giant planets in their birth environments and to characterize their properties, applying  innovative techniques to analyze the results of approved imaging surveys with AO instruments at the VLT/LBT. These data will be supplemented by ALMA observations tracing gas kinematic signatures induced by embedded planets. The results of these studies will lead to major progress in understanding the timescale for planet formation and will reveal the nature of planet-disk interactions. The most challenging objective of the project is to build a connection between disk properties and the atmospheres of giant planets. Planet formation and evolution models will be coupled with a description of the chemical and accretion history to predict planetary elemental abundances, setting the scene for the thermal and chemical structure of giant planet atmospheres. Synthetic spectra will be provided using state-of-the art atmospheric codes and will be compared to observed planet spectra.
Aseptic loosening of femoral components – A review of current and future trends in materials used

Abstract The variety of new biomaterials and different surface treatments being applied to existing materials all intended for total knee replacement (TKR) are self-evident of the demand for longer lasting knee prostheses. Aseptic loosening is one of the main reasons for the revision of TKR components including the femoral component, which has more challenging problems because of the different causes of failure. This paper therefore, focuses on aseptic loosening of femoral components and materials options available. Several current and promising new metallic, ceramic and polymeric biomaterials are discussed to highlight their advantages and their shortcomings. It is concluded that current materials have their limitations and there is a need for more sophisticated multi-functional materials to be developed in order to match the biological and mechanical complexity of the prosthetic femur.
The Method of Prospecting Unidentified Goaf in Xishimen Iron Ore Mine

In recent years,electrical prospecting method prospecting mined-out area had very big development.Highdensity electrical method,which is focus on the electric profiling method and electrical sounding method,applicable in detecting the plains and shallow in depth 300 meters.The transient electro-magnetic method(TEM) is applicable to 800 meters of detecting depth,but easily distracted.According to the different environments in north area and south area of Xishimen iron ore mine,in north area and south area respectively detected by high-density electrical method TEM,detection results in delineating goaf and combine the approximate scope of traditional drilling projects,and the unidentified comprehensive detection mined-out area.This detection of unidentified goaf is more targeted and production costs reduced greatly.
Scents and sensibility in agriculture: exploiting specificity in herbivore- and pathogen-induced plant volatiles for real-time crop monitoring

Plants typically release large quantities of volatiles in response to attack by herbivores or pathogens. I may claim to have contributed to various breakthroughs in this research field, including the discovery that the volatile blends induced by different attackers are astonishingly specific, resulting in characteristic, readily distinguishable odour blends. Using maize as our model plant, I wish to take several leaps forward in our understanding of this signal specificity and use this knowledge to develop sensors for the real-time detection of crop pests and diseases. For this, three interconnected work-packages will aim to:

• Develop chemical analytical techniques and statistical models to decipher the odorous vocabulary of plants, and to create a complete inventory of “odour-prints” for a wide range of herbivore-plant and pathogen-plant combinations, including simultaneous infestations. 
• Develop and optimize nano-mechanical sensors for the detection of specific plant volatile mixtures. For this, we will initially adapt a prototype sensor that has been successfully developed for the detection of cancer-related volatiles in human breath. 
• Genetically manipulate maize plants to release a unique blend of root-produced volatiles upon herbivory. For this, we will engineer gene cassettes that combine recently identified P450 (CYP) genes from poplar with inducible, root-specific promoters from maize. This will result in maize plants that, in response to pest attack, release easy-to-detect aldoximes and nitriles from their roots.

In short, by investigating and manipulating the specificity of inducible odour blends we will generate the necessary knowhow to develop a novel odour-detection device. The envisioned sensor technology will permit real-time monitoring of the pests and enable farmers to apply crop protection treatments at the right time and in the right place.
Effort and social inequality: advancing measurement and understanding parental origin effects

This project aims to understand the role of effort in the reproduction of social inequality. While large-scale test programs like PISA have produced impressive amounts of data on the determinants of cognitive abilities, there is scant evidence on socio-economic differences in cognitive effort. Better understanding the social origins of effort pushes the frontier of knowledge on intergenerational mobility and allows improving equality of opportunity. Specifically, the aim of the project is to answer three research questions:

1. To what extent do children’s effort levels differ by parental socioeconomic background? (descriptive component)
2. Can existing disparities in effort by social background be explained by (a) the intergenerational transmission of effort from parents to children, and (b) varying motivations and differential susceptibility to incentives? (analytical component)
3. What are the best techniques to measure cognitive effort and what are the strengths and weaknesses of measures routinely used in different scientific disciplines? (methodological component)

The project will develop and exploit cutting-edge methods of effort measurement such as real-effort tasks and psychophysiological techniques like pupillometry. Their immense potential has remained untapped in inequality research thus far. Experimental data will be collected for a large sample of school-age children and their parents in Spain and Germany. Subjective effort dispositions will be further analyzed using (inter)national surveys. The triangulation of carefully chosen methodologies will provide the first reliable evidence on socioeconomic differences in effort and stimulate new research (e.g. on gender or ethnic differentials in effort). Cross-validation analysis will detect possible biases of commonly used effort measures. The research findings will provide valuable insights for educational practitioners and decisive evidence for normative debates about social inequality and policy design.
Cross-border network on health emergency systems and management of maxi emergencies

The common challenge of NEX AID is to contribute to inclusive growth strengthening institutional capacity of public authorities in the health emergency sector in cross-border area. The overall goal is addressing cross-border institutional cooperation for management of health emergencies and maxi emergencies. The expected change is represented by the creation of a permanent cross-border network of emergency health systems for the preparation and implementation of shared protocols and cross-border agreements. Output: a) 3 cross-border protocols and agreements for: (1) management and transfer of patients with polytrauma (2) implementation of a common communication system (3) management of maxi emergencies through definition of joint intervention plans; b) training courses for healthcare staff and other operators. Target group: public institutions, healthcare structures, operators healthcare and patients. A cross-border approach is needed to respond to health needs in program area, especially for time-dependent diseases and maxi-emergencies. NEX AID is the first case of management of maxi-emergencies in the cross-border context.
Protection against canine parvovirus type 2 infection in puppies by colostrum-derived antibodies

During the first weeks of life puppies remain protected against canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV2) infection thanks to maternally derived antibodies (MDA) absorbed with colostrum after birth. The objective of the present study was to present the variability in CPV2-specific passive immune transfer and its consequences in puppies naturally exposed to the parvovirus. Seventy-nine puppies from one breeding kennel were included in the study at birth and followed until 56 d of age. Once per week the MDA titre for CPV2 specific antibodies was determined in blood. Viral excretion was also evaluated on a rectal swab by CPV2 PCR assay and puppies were weighed to determine growth rate. At 2 d of age, thirty-four out of seventy-nine puppies (43 %) had MDA ≤1:160 (designed group A) and forty-five puppies (57 %) had greater MDA titres (designed group B). The level of absorbed maternal antibodies was shown to be associated with breed size and growth rate during the first 48 h of life. The MDA level declined with age in all cases; however, the proportion of puppies with the antibody level considered as protective against CPV2 infection was significantly higher in group B compared with A from day 2 until 42. Among all puppies surviving until 56 d of age, sixty-seven out of seventy (95·7 %) underwent CPV2 infection. However, puppies from group A excreted CPV2 significantly earlier than puppies from group B. The present study demonstrates the link between passive immune transfer, in terms of level of specific MDA absorbed, and length of the protection period against parvovirus infection in weaning puppies.
Using Least-Square Spectral Analysis Method for Time Series with Datum Shifts

Advancement in the field of technology such as processing power in computers and servers has provided us with an opportunity to improve the performance of legacy system programs. This will improve the performance of these systems along with increase in maintainability and life expectancy. But it is not a simple task to simply pick a legacy system and convert it. In this project the algorithm to compute least-squares spectrum LSSA, which is used for analyzing huge data and plot the spectrum chart will be converted from its original FORTRAN program to C program and implement parallel processing in order to improve it using various available methodologies.
History of nuclear energy and society

HoNESt (History of Nuclear Energy and Society) involves an interdisciplinary team with many experienced researchers and 24 high profile research institutions.
HoNESt’s goal is to conduct a three-year interdisciplinary analysis of the experience of nuclear developments and its relationship to contemporary society with the aim of improving the understanding of the dynamics over the last 60 years. HoNESt’s results will assist the current debate on future energy sources and the transition to affordable, secure, and clean energy production.
Civil society's interaction with nuclear developments changes over time, and it is locally, nationally and transnationally specific. HoNESt will embrace the complexity of political, technological and economic challenges; safety; risk perception and communication, public engagement, media framing, social movements, etc. Research on these interactions has thus far been mostly fragmented.
We will develop a pioneering integrated interdisciplinary approach, which is conceptually informed by Large Technological Systems (LTS) and Integrated Socio-technical System (IST), based on a close and innovative collaboration of historians and social scientists in this field.
HoNESt will first collect extensive historical data from over 20 countries. These data will be jointly analyzed by historians and social scientists, through the lens of an innovative integrated approach, in order to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying decision making and associated citizen engagement with nuclear power.
Through an innovative application of backcasting techniques, HoNESt will bring novel content to the debate on nuclear sustainable engagement futures. Looking backwards to the present, HoNESt will strategize and plan how these suitable engagement futures could be achieved.
HoNESt will engage key stakeholders from industry, policy makers and civil society in a structured dialogue to insert the results into the public debate on nuclear energy.
Gastronomic Cities

Cities have a crucial role in the achievement of the Europe 2020 objectives. The urban complexity (understood as the level of different urban uses and mixture of services and functions and knowledge society) of a city gives the key to a higher social cohesion and to increase economic diversity, and together with it attracting a bigger amount of successful activities due to synergies. In this framework, gastronomy, Is an engine topic with potential at city level to mobilise other sectors and resources, and the project Gastro-Urbact propose the following approach on it, within the INNOVATIVE CITY topic:
• Hostelry Sector promoting entrepreneurship and SMEs economic activity and employment as an engine for the city.
• Tourism as a second synergies step within this virtuous process: commerce, urbanism, complementary services,...
• Strategic partnering arrangements to ensure a demand driven and integrated approach, improving Innovation and Knowledge Economy, following Lisbon Agenda principles.
• Gastronomy as an urban cluster of economic activity: Growth and competitiveness.
• Framework for local raw material (Primary sector) producers to support the development of a strong and sustainable industrial base able to compete globally. In one word, Gastronomy as a flagship for “Innovation union to improve framework conditions and access to finance for research and innovation so as to ensure that innovative ideas can be turned into products and services that create growth and jobs (Technical working document- URBACT II Programme Manual)

Promote gastronomy as a key urban developmentGastronomy, city branding, tourism, cultureThe city of Burgos considers the transfer of good practice around the gastronomy is extensible to other places  as a transforming element of a territory from the point of view of tourism.
Seismology and earthquake engineering research infrastructure alliance for europe

SERA is the ""Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe"", responding to the priorities identified in the call INFRAIA-01-2016-2017 Research Infrastructure for Earthquake Hazard.
The overall objective of SERA is to give a significant contribution to improve the access to data, services and research infrastructures, and deliver solutions based on innovative R&D in seismology and earthquake engineering, aiming at reducing the exposure of our society to the risk posed by natural and anthropogenic earthquakes.
To this end, SERA will: Involve the communities involved in previous successful projects including NERA and SERIES; Offer transnational access to the largest collection of high-class experimental facilities in earthquake engineering; Offer virtual access to the main data and products in seismology and anthropogenic seismicity; Promote multi-disciplinary science across the domains of seismology, anthropogenic seismicity, near-fault observatories and deep underground laboratories, to achieve an improved understanding of earthquake occurrence; Revise the European Seismic Hazard reference model for consideration in the ongoing revision of the Eurocode 8; Develop the first comprehensive framework for seismic risk modeling at European scale; Develop the new standards for future experimental observations in earthquake engineering and for the design of future instruments and networks for observational seismology; Develop reliable methodologies for real-time assessment of shaking and damage; Expand access to seismological observations; Network infrastructures and communities in the fields of deep seismic sounding, experimental earthquake engineering and site characterization; Provide an important contribution to the construction and validation of EPOS; Provide effective communication and outreach to all stakeholders.
Fluorescence in Rhoda- and Iridacyclopentadienes Neglecting the Spin–Orbit Coupling of the Heavy Atom: The Ligand Dominates

We present a detailed photophysical study and theoretical analysis of 2,5-bis(arylethynyl)rhodacyclopenta-2,4-dienes (1a–c and 2a–c) and a 2,5-bis(arylethynyl)iridacyclopenta-2,4-diene (3). Despite the presence of heavy atoms, these systems display unusually intense fluorescence from the S1 excited state and no phosphorescence from T1. The S1 → T1 intersystem crossing (ISC) is remarkably slow with a rate constant of 108 s–1 (i.e., on the nanosecond time scale). Traditionally, for organometallic systems bearing 4d or 5d metals, ISC is 2–3 orders of magnitude faster. Emission lifetime measurements suggest that the title compounds undergo S1 → T1 interconversion mainly via a thermally activated ISC channel above 233 K. The associated experimental activation energy is found to be ΔHISC = 28 kJ mol–1 (2340 cm–1) for 1a, which is supported by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations [ΔHISC(calc.) = 11 kJ mol–1 (920 cm–1) for 1a-H]. However, below 233 K a second, temperature-independent ISC process via spin–orbit coupling occurs. The calculated lifetime for this S1 → T1 ISC process is 1.1 s, indicating that although this is the main path for triplet state formation upon photoexcitation in common organometallic luminophores, it plays a minor role in our Rh compounds. Thus, the organic π-chromophore ligand seems to neglect the presence of the heavy rhodium or iridium atom, winning control over the excited-state photophysical behavior. This is attributed to a large energy separation of the ligand-centered highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied MO (LUMO) from the metal-centered orbitals. The lowest excited states S1 and T1 arise exclusively from a HOMO-to-LUMO transition. The weak metal participation and the cumulenic distortion of the T1 state associated with a large S1–T1 energy separation favor an “organic-like” photophysical behavior.
Community-Empowered sustainable multi-vector energy islands

The current EU ‘Clean Energy Package’ aims to place local consumers at the heart of the energy transition. In the context of local energy systems with a weak or non-existing grid connection this implies to give the power of operating a renewable-based energy infrastructure to the local people, energy consumers and producers. Private people and organizations should be involved to establish energy island communities, which are based on self-management and -operation. Simultaneously, those communities will improve social cohesion and technical optimization of all energy vectors existing in the specific energy island.
The goal of RENergetic is to integrate and demonstrate solutions that will foster a substantial increase of 1) energy efficiency and 2) the level of renewable energies and energy autarky by integrating three main energy vectors (electricity, heat, waste) in three heterogeneous urban energy islands, with an early involvement of the communities and a long-term economic viability: The New Docks in Ghent, Belgium (energy-aware housing), the Warta Campus in Poznan, Poland (data center heat for a campus) and the Hospital and Research campus in Segrate-Milan, Italy (demand response, including electric vehicles).
This transdisciplinary endeavor is supported by innovative activities in all relevant areas. On the technical level, optimization and demand response approaches for cross-sector scenarios are combined in a hierarchical approach. This concept integrates innovative smart control strategies and machine learning based-forecasting methods. A thorough regulation analysis feeds into the creation of novel business models, market strategies and value networks on the economic and legal level. This ensures seamless integration with existing energy management systems and cooperation with external networks. Finally, an iterative approach of empowering the energy island communities with participatory structures will be applied on the social level.