SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Ab initio study of the structural, elastic, vibrational and thermodynamic properties of the hexagonal boron nitride: Performance of LDA and GGA

Abstract A first principles quantum mechanical approach is used to investigate the structural, elastic, vibrational and thermodynamic properties of the hexagonal boron nitride ( h -BN) in the framework of the pseudopotential plane wave density-functional perturbation theory for the two popular exchange-correlation functionals: local density approximation and the revised Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation [Y. Zhang, W. Yang, Phys. Rev. Lett, 80 (1998), 890]. The LDA calculations of the structural parameters are in good agreement with experimental results, whereas GGA largely overestimated them. The computed elastic constants are improved by performing the calculations at room temperature and using the experimental lattice parameters. A good agreement with the experimental data is obtained for the phonon frequencies using both functionals. The thermodynamic properties such as the thermal equation of state, the in-plane and out-of-plane thermal expansion coefficients (LTEC), the bulk modulus and the heat capacity are calculated at the experimental lattice parameters using the quasiharmonic approximation (+ an empirical anharmonic term) for the Helmholtz free energy. Anharmonic corrections are important at high temperature. A good agreement with the experimental data for the LTEC has been obtained with the GGA functional, especially for the out-of-plane LTEC. In contrast with recent experimental findings, our calculated bulk modulus decreases with temperature for both functionals. This (decreasing) behavior is in a good agreement with other experimental data. The constant pressure heat capacity calculated with LDA and GGA is in very good agreement with experimental results.
Measuring functional pedodiversity using spectroscopic information

Pedodiversity studies greatly depend on the discretization of the soil continuum via various soil classification standards. Soil taxonomic systems are constructed considering soil properties and their organization in the soil profile. Therefore, it seems logical that the pedodiversity of an area could be calculated by considering the simultaneous variation of multiple soil properties within that area. With the aim of creating a bridge between these two lines of thinking, this study presents the development of two new indices of pedodiversity (HULLdiv and EIGENdiv) which consider continuous variables as input. The soil input information tested was a) Visible and Near Infrared (Vis-NIR) reflectance values and b) values of five soil properties predicted from Vis-NIR spectra. Both indices were employed to measure the pedodiversity at different extents in two perpendicular transects containing 27 (North to South) and 22 (East to West) locations respectively in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Each location considered natural and intervened land use. The indices successfully represented the pedodiversity of the area of study, however they were different depending on the input soil information i.e., raw Vis-NIR and predicted properties. HULLdiv was affected by extreme soil observations and as a result its discrimination power between areas with different soil diversity was inferior. On the other hand, EIGENdiv represented well the pedodiversity of an area, despite the extreme observations. The results showed good agreement with conventional methods for assessing pedodiversity i.e., Shannon's and Simpson's indices. However, the new indices were more discriminating by being able to better represent the landuse effect. This study represents the first attempt to measure pedodiversity in a continuous way using Vis-NIR information.
Negligent killing of scientific concepts: the stationarity case

AbstractIn scientific vocabulary, the term “process” is used to denote change in time. Even a stationary process describes a system changing in time, rather than a static one that keeps a constant state all the time. However, this is often missed, which has led to misuse of the term “nonstationarity” as a synonym of “change”. A simple rule to avoid such misuse is to answer the question: can the change be predicted in deterministic terms? Only if the answer is positive is it legitimate to invoke nonstationarity. In addition, we should have in mind that models are made to simulate the future rather than to describe the past; the past is characterized by observations (data). Usually future changes are not deterministically predictable and thus the models should, on the one hand, be stationary and, on the other hand, describe in stochastic terms the full variability, originating from all agents of change. Even if the past evolution of the process of interest contains changes explainable in deterministic terms...
Spectral synthesis of multidimensional supernova explosion models

Core-collapse supernovae are the explosive deaths of massive stars. They
are the main production sites of the heavy elements in the Universe, drive galactic 
dynamic and chemical evolution, and produce exotic remnants such as black holes and neutron stars. To interpret observations and advance our understanding of the origin of the elements, sophisticated spectral
models are needed. The main science objective in this proposal is to compute
the first spectral models of multi-dimensional core-collapse explosion simulations. 
These models will then be compared with available high-quality data to derive information on nucleosynthesis yields and supernova structure. The proposed work involves the development of spectral modelling tools from current 1D to multi-D capability, and application of these to recently computed state-of-the-art 3D explosion simulations.
This innovative project will allow a milestone in supernova research to be reached
by producing the first light curves and spectra of modern 3D simulations,
and will approach us to solving an almost 50 year standing mystery of 
how supernovae explode and how the elements are produced.
Gold-telluride nanoparticles revealed in arsenic-free pyrite

Pyrite, the most abundant sulfide on Earth and a common component of gold deposits, can be a significant host for refractory gold. This is the first documentation of pore-attached, composite Au-telluride nanoparticles in “arsenic-free” pyrite. Trace elements mapping in pyrite from an intrusion-hosted Au deposit with orogenic overprint (Dongping, China) shows trails of tellurides overlapping Co-Ni-zonation. Intragranular microfracturing, anomalous anisotropy, and high porosity are all features consistent with devolatilization attributable to the orogenic event. The pyrite-hosted nanoparticles are likely the “frozen,” solid expression of Te-rich, Au-Ag-Pb-bearing vapors discharged at this stage. Nanoparticle formation, as presented here, provides the “smallest-scale” tool to fingerprint Au-trapping during crustal metamorphism
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR DEFINING SETS BY QUERYING RELATIONAL DATA USING A SET DEFINITION LANGUAGE

The present invention relates to the usage pattern, commonly found in many software applications, of defining sets of objects based on object attributes. A specifically designed set definition language for defining sets, called SDL, is described and a software system that implements this language efficiently on top of a standard relational database management system (RDBMS) is presented. The unique features of the SDL language are the implicit constraints that are enforced on the relational data that belong to the objects. Unique to the SDL system is also the logical metadata of dimensions that enables the SDL system to enforce these constraints across relations. The SDL system utilizes several optimization techniques to enable efficient implementation on top of RDBMS. It is also shown how the SDL language and the SQL language can be merged with bidirectional inlining using syntactic gates. Query composition tools are also described that facilitate the creation of SDL expressions.
Malay Characters in Lloyd Fernando’s Green is the Colour

This essay focuses on how members of the Malay community are characterised in Lloyd Fernando's Green is the Colour (1993) by highlighting the complexities and nuances surrounding Malay identity. Fernando's characterisation of Malays puts focus on discourses of identity and belonging that continue to dominate imaginaries on personal and national levels. By putting the 1969 Sino-Malay Race Riots and the Islamic Revivalism of the 1980s into context, Fernando enables a discussion not only on the many aspects of being Malay, but at the same time address how these many facets of “Malay” identity inform and are informed by the Malaysian socio-political landscape.
Trions and sp3-defects in single-walled carbon nanotubes for optoelectronics

Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) combine solution-processability, large carrier mobilities, narrow emission linewidths and environmental stability for optoelectronic devices with light-emission in the near-infrared (800-1800 nm, e.g., for optical data communication and bio-imaging) when sorted by (n,m) species. The recent availability of highly pure, monochiral semiconducting SWNTs as bulk materials allows us to employ and further tailor their charge transport and light emission properties and thus enables their application in practical devices. Two new emissive species - charged excitons (trions) and bright sp3-defects - were recently discovered in SWNTs and have fundamentally changed our notions about SWNT luminescence. Both show red-shifted, narrow and enhanced emission. However, very little is yet known about their photophysical properties and especially their interactions with each other and their environment (e.g., in devices). Their emissive properties could potentially be tailored by external magnetic fields, dielectric environment and additional functional groups. Strong light-matter coupling in suitable optical cavities could be applied to create trion-polaritons in SWNTs as new low-mass charge carriers in polaritonic devices. Trions and emissive sp3-defects are not limited to SWNTs and hence these concepts could be transferred and applied to other low-dimensional semiconductors. 

The goals of this project are to
-  understand and use trions and trion-polaritons for light emission and polaritonic charge transport,
-  understand and tune the interactions of sp3-defects with charges and trions in SWNTs,
- modify and apply sp3-defects for enhanced light emission from SWNTs in optoelectronic devices,
-  explore trions in new low-dimensional materials (e.g., graphene nanoribbons and novel monolayered semiconductors).
Breaking GUT groups in F-theory

We consider the possibility of breaking the GUT group to the Standard Model gauge group in $F$-theory compactifications by turning on certain $U(1)$ fluxes. We show that the requirement of massless hypercharge is equivalent to a topological constraint on the UV completion of the local model. The possibility of this mechanism is intrinsic to $F$-theory. We address some of the phenomenological signatures of this scenario. We show that our models predict monopoles as in conventional GUT models. We discuss in detail the leading threshold corrections to the gauge kinetic terms and their effect on unification. They turn out to be related to Ray–Singer torsion. We also discuss the issue of proton decay in $F$-theory models and explain how to engineer models which satisfy current experimental bounds.
FINE-PARTICULATE POLYMER DISPERSIONS COMPRISING STARCH

The invention relates to fine-particulate polymer dispersions comprising starch, obtained by radically initiated emulsion copolymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of a redox initiator and an enzymatically degraded starch, wherein the enzymatic degradation of starch is stopped by adding at least one acid comprising a phosphorus atom to the reaction mixture. According to the invention, at least one acid comprising a phosphorus atom is used in order to stop the enzymatic degradation of starch and the fine-particulate polymer dispersions comprising starch of emulsion polymers are used as sizing agents for paper and paper products, particularly as surface sizing agents.
Computer aided music therapy evaluation: Testing the Music Therapy Logbook prototype 1 system

Abstract Research indicates that music therapists are likely to make use of computer software, designed to measure changes in the way a patient and therapist make use of music in music therapy sessions. A proof of concept study investigated whether music analysis algorithms (designed to retrieve information from commercial music recordings) can be adapted to meet the needs of music therapists. Computational music analysis techniques were applied to multi-track audio recordings of simulated sessions, then to recordings of individual music therapy sessions; these were recorded by a music therapist as part of her ongoing practice with patients with acquired brain injury. The music therapist wanted to evaluate two hypotheses: one, whether changes in her tempo were affecting the tempo of a patient's play on acoustic percussion instruments, and two, whether her musical interventions were helping the patient reduce habituated, rhythmic patterning. Automatic diagrams were generated that gave a quick overview of the instrumental activity contained within each session: when, and for how long each instrument was played. From these, computational analysis was applied to musical areas of specific interest. The results of the interdisciplinary team work, audio recording tests, computer analysis tests, and music therapy field tests are presented and discussed.
Optimal central venous pressure during partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma

Low central venous pressure (CVP) affects hemodynamic stability and tissue perfusion. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the optimal CVP during partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Ninety-seven patients who underwent partial hepatectomy for HCC had their CVP controlled at a level of 0 to 5 mmHg during hepatic parenchymal transection. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) was maintained, if possible, at 90 mmHg or higher. Hepatitis B surface antigen was positive in 90 patients (92.8%) and cirrhosis in 84 patients (86.6%). Pringle maneuver was used routinely in these patients with clamp/unclamp cycles of 15/5 minutes. The average clamp time was 21.4+/-8.0 minutes. These patients were divided into 5 groups based on the CVP: group A: 0-1 mmHg; B: 1.1-2 mmHg; C: 2.1-3 mmHg; D: 3.1-4 mmHg and E: 4.1-5 mmHg. The blood loss per transection area during hepatic parenchymal transection and the arterial blood gas before and after liver transection were analyzed.With active fluid load, a constant SBP ≥90 mmHg which was considered as optimal was maintained in 18.6% in group A (95% CI: 10.8%-26.3%); 39.2% in group B (95% CI: 29.5%-48.9%); 72.2% in group C (95% CI: 63.2%-81.1%); 89.7% in group D (95% CI: 83.6%-95.7%); and 100% in group E (95% CI: 100%-100%). The blood loss per transection area during hepatic parenchymal transection decreased with a decrease in CVP. Compared to groups D and E, blood loss in groups A, B and C was significantly less (analysis of variance test, P<0.05). Compared with the baseline, the blood oxygenation decreased significantly when the CVP was reduced. Base excess and HCO3- in groups A and B were significantly decreased compared with those in groups C, D and E (P<0.05).In consideration of blood loss, SBP, base excess and HCO3-, a CVP of 2.1-3 mmHg was optimal in patients undergoing partial hepatectomy for HCC.
DEVICE FOR SUCTIONING AN AIR BOUNDARY LAYER FROM A RUNNING WEB OF MATERIAL

In order to suction the air boundary layer from a running web of material (1) before coating with a curtain-coater, a suction box (8) is arranged in the area of a roller (4) deflecting the web of material (1), said suction box having the following characteristics: a) the suction box (8) extends in its breadth along the axial length of the deflection roller (4); it is open towards the deflection roller (4) and attached to a suction blower; b) it has a corresponding seal (10, 11) on the inlet and the outlet sides, which form a gap (12, 13) with the web (1) and extend along the axial length of the deflection roller (4), wherein at least the end of the seal (10) on the inlet side and the beginning of the seal (11) on the outlet side are located on the deflection roller (4) in the deflection area of the web (1); c) the suction box (8) has a front-face seal (14) on each of the front faces of the deflection roller (4), which extend outside adjacent to the seal of the front face, parallel thereto and at a close distance thereof; d) the seal (11) on the outlet side forms an outlet gap (13) with the web (1), whose height and length measured in the direction of advancement of the web are substantially constant along the entire width of the suction box (8), wherein the length is longer than 10 mm, preferably longer than 30 mm, especially 50 mm-70 mm, and the height of the gap is selected depending on the speed of the web in such a way that the value of the product web speed (m/min) x gap height (in mm) is less than 1500.
Discussion of Training Methods Based on Manufacturing Specialized Technology Talented Person's Occupational Etiquette

Higher manufacturing specialized technology talent is an important part of China's high-quality talent. To train the talent with good professional ability and high comprehensive quality, more attention must be paid to professional and technical personnel in professional etiquette culture. Professional etiquette training of vocational manufacturing specialized technology talent should take the employment as the guidance and the enhancement of the comprehensive ability as purpose. Development of professional etiquette training for vocational manufacturing specialized technology talent contains three aspects: to improve the professional teachers' occupation etiquette knowledge; to integrate the professional etiquette training into professional education and to establish and improve the appraisal mechanism.
Population Structure and Run Timing of Steelhead in the Skeena River, British Columbia

Abstract Identification of population-specific run timing is an important component of salmonid fisheries management and was a major focus of our study. Population structure of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss was examined in the Skeena River of northern British Columbia. Variation at 14 microsatellites was surveyed in 3,062 steelhead sampled from 17 populations in the drainage. During 1998–2010, 6,691 individuals were sampled in a lower river test fishery to obtain information on relative abundance and time of arrival of specific populations near the river mouth. The genetic differentiation index F ST calculated over all populations and loci was 0.021; individual locus values ranged from 0.017 to 0.045. Differentiation in steelhead allele frequencies among populations was approximately 14 times the differentiation observed among years within populations. A regional structuring of populations was the general pattern observed, with steelhead populations from the upper portion of the drainage clustering togeth...
Cost-effectiveness of artificial intelligence for screening colonoscopy: a modelling study

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools increase detection of precancerous polyps during colonoscopy and might contribute to long-term colorectal cancer prevention. The aim of the study was to investigate the incremental effect of the implementation of AI detection tools in screening colonoscopy on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality, and the cost-effectiveness of such tools.We conducted Markov model microsimulation of using colonoscopy with and without AI for colorectal cancer screening for individuals at average risk (no personal or family history of colorectal cancer, adenomas, inflammatory bowel disease, or hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome). We ran the microsimulation in a hypothetical cohort of 100 000 individuals in the USA aged 50-100 years. The primary analysis investigated screening colonoscopy with versus without AI every 10 years starting at age 50 years and finishing at age 80 years, with follow-up until age 100 years, assuming 60% screening population uptake. In secondary analyses, we modelled once-in-life screening colonoscopy at age 65 years in adults aged 50-79 years at average risk for colorectal cancer. Post-polypectomy surveillance followed the simplified current guideline. Costs of AI tools and cost for downstream treatment of screening detected disease were estimated with 3% annual discount rates. The main outcome measures included the incremental effect of AI-assisted colonoscopy versus standard (no-AI) colonoscopy on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality, and cost-effectiveness of screening projected for the average risk screening US population.In the primary analyses, compared with no screening, the relative reduction of colorectal cancer incidence with screening colonoscopy without AI tools was 44·2% and with screening colonoscopy with AI tools was 48·9% (4·8% incremental gain). Compared with no screening, the relative reduction in colorectal cancer mortality with screening colonoscopy with no AI was 48·7% and with screening colonoscopy with AI was 52·3% (3·6% incremental gain). AI detection tools decreased the discounted costs per screened individual from $3400 to $3343 (a saving of $57 per individual). Results were similar in the secondary analyses modelling once-in-life colonoscopy. At the US population level, the implementation of AI detection during screening colonoscopy resulted in yearly additional prevention of 7194 colorectal cancer cases and 2089 related deaths, and a yearly saving of US$290 million.Our findings suggest that implementation of AI detection tools in screening colonoscopy is a cost-saving strategy to further prevent colorectal cancer incidence and mortality.European Commission and Japan Society of Promotion of Science.
Stop Plastics in H2O!

This project will analyse for the first time the origin and dynamics of microplastics in the ports of the Programme. In addition to the plastics floating on the sea surface, the study will deal with the fibres found in the water column and seabed. The research will provide data on some still unexplored aspects, such as understanding the dynamics of microplastics and studying the influx and quantitative incidence of the various sources of microplastics from dry land to sea and their distribution at various depths in densely populated and active areas. The data will provide additional elements to understand better how, when and where to intervene to reduce the impact of this growing pollution of the marine environment; this will benefit the international community while accounting for current and possible future national and EU regulations. A small pumping device, a trash skimmer, will collect samples at various depths and sediments from the bottom. The samples will be analysed for a quantitative and qualitative definition of the debris and the development of a model that can reveal the distribution and concentration of microplastics in different points of the port area. An analysis will be carried out on mullets, which fish are particularly numerous in ports, to evaluate the biological impact of these fibres. The project will analyse the best numerical model to study microplastics dynamics. This study will be combined with a climatological study to predict the trajectories of plastic debris scattered at sea. The project will disseminate information on the topic and research among the entire population of the interested areas (and not only), with multimedia tools, public initiatives and the direct involvement of economic actors and residents.