SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Precursors of logical reasoning in human infants

There is no other field that is more controversial in psychology than that of human reasoning. This project advances a novel theoretical framework focused on the nature and the origins of rationality and could potentially resolve some of these controversies. Theories targeting the mechanisms that allow rational inferences have defined rationality as a function of how much reasoning adheres to formal rules of probability calculus and logic. Classical research with adults and older children collected a large amount of data both in favor and against human rationality, suggesting that reasoning abilities follow a slow maturation. Recent findings on infants’ probabilistic reasoning, including my own earlier research, however, do not support this view. Already preverbal infants seem to form expectations about probabilistic events in accordance with Bayesian rules of inference (Téglás et al, 2011). Here I argue for a similar paradigm change in a related domain, that of deductive reasoning.
In contrast to earlier accounts, I propose that even preverbal infants may possess a core set of logical operations that empower them with sophisticated inferential abilities. First, I focus on the representational precursors of this competence. I argue that infants recruit specific abilities to exploit the conceptual structure of specific event categories that enable them to form logical representations. Thus, information could be stored in a format that can potentially serve as input for subsequent inferences. Further, I will investigate infants’ core logical operations and test how they integrate multiple steps of inferences. This system - indispensable for integrating different bits of knowledge - helps infants to discover information that was not actually present in the input. Such investigations, informed also by adequate neuropsychological evidence would thus contribute to understand the unique nature of human rationality.
Do Proprietary Algorithmic Traders Withdraw Liquidity during Market Stress?

We investigate the role of proprietary algorithmic traders (PAT) in facilitating liquidity in a limit order market. Using the order level data from NSE of India, we find that they increase limit order supply following periods of high short-term stock-specific volatility, periods of high short-term market-wide volatility and periods of extreme stock price movement. We define orders from HFT as a subclass of orders from PAT which are revised in less than three milliseconds. The behaviour of HFT mimics the behaviour of its parent class. This is inconsistent with the theory that fast traders leave the market when stress situations arise, although their limit order supplying behaviour becomes neutral when short-term volatility is more informational than transitory. The agency algorithmic traders (AAT) and non algorithmic traders (NAT) behave opposite to PAT by reducing the supply of liquidity during stress situations. The presence of faster traders in the market possibly instils the fear of adverse selection in them. We document that order imbalance of AAT is found to be related to short-term returns, while order imbalance of PAT is not related to short-term returns.
Threat-Arrest cyber security threats and threat actors training - assurance driven multi-layer, end-to-end simulation and training

The challenge of mitigating advanced cyber attacks through advanced security training has been evident during the last decade in numerous fields and industries in EU. Despite the wide spectrum of such tools appears to provide a comprehensive machinery for detecting and responding effectively to cyber attacks, it is difficult to establish effective tool usage strategies and processes for addressing the ever-expanding land-scape of these attacks. Moreover, the advent of more “intelligent” cybersecurity solutions, which make use of technologies like machine learning, statistical analysis and user behaviour analysis, requires sophisticated and hands-on training of the key personnel of organizations, who have responsibility for security, for the latter to be able to master them. In response to the above, THREAT-ARREST will develop an advanced training platform incorporating emulation, simulation, serious gaming and visualization capabilities to adequately prepare stakeholders with different types of responsibility and levels of expertise in defending high-risk cyber systems and organizations to counter advanced, known and new cyber attacks. The THREAT-ARREST platform will deliver security training, based on a model driven approach where cyber threat and training preparation models, specifying the potential attacks, the security controls of cyber systems against them, and the tools that may be used to assess the effectiveness of these controls, will drive the training process, and align it with operational cyber system security assurance mechanisms to ensure the relevance of training. The platform will also support trainee performance evaluation and training program evaluation and adapt training programs based on them. The effectiveness of the framework will be validated using a prototype implementation at TRL-7 inter-connected with real cyber systems pilots in the area of smart energy, healthcare and shipping, and from technical, legal and business perspectives.
DIAPHRAGM VALVE

A fluid valve assembly has a valve body (10, 50) which defines a valve chamber (16, 48) and has inlet and outlet ports (12, 14, 38, 46). A resilient valve member (20, 40) lies within the valve chamber. In one embodiment, the member has a conical end section (28) which may be stretched to fit into a correspondingly tapered valve seat (19). In an alternative embodiment, the member (40) may also define one of the ports (38) and can be bent against a valve seat (53) to stop fluid flow. Either embodiment may, alternatively, be biased closed, deformation of the member then opening the valve. The invention minimises the amount of dead space in the valve, thus reducing reading errors due to retention of fluid in this space. Compared with pinch valves, actuation force is also reduced.
Reducing data transfer latency of NAND flash memory with soft-decision sensing

With the aggressive technology scaling and use of multi-bit per cell storage, NAND flash memory is subject to continuous degradation of raw storage reliability and demands more and more powerful error correction codes (ECC). This inevitable trend makes conventional BCH code increasingly inadequate, and iterative coding solutions such as LDPC codes become very natural alternative options. However, these powerful coding solutions demand soft-decision memory sensing, which results in longer on-chip memory sensing latency and memory-to-controller data transfer latency. This paper presents two simple design techniques that can reduce the memory-to-controller data transfer latency. The key is to appropriately apply entropy coding to compress the memory sensing results. Simulation results show that the proposed design solutions can reduce the data transfer latency by up to 64% for soft-decision memory sensing.
Numerical calculation on behavior of fuel regression in hybrid rocket motor

Hybrid rocket motor has many advantages for space propulsion applications.The mechanism and behavior of the fuel regression in the motor are complicated due to different phase states of the oxidizer and the fuel.The hybrid rocket motor code(HRM) for the unsteady simulation of motor operation has been programmed.This code can calculate physical and chemical processes from the oxidizer injector to the nozzle during motor operation.The mass and energy coupling between gas and solid phases as well as a dynamic fuel surface regression technique with a two-step calculation method is applied to simulate the fuel regression.The calculated motor thrust and fuel regression are compared to the experimental data for the code validation.The fuel regression rate equation and the relation between fuel regression rate and chamber diameter have been derived.The reasons for scale effect in hybrid rocket motor have been determined and analyzed.
Boundedness and moduli problems in birational geometry

Algebraic geometry is a sophisticated area of mathematics dating back to the mid 19th-century, that links algebra and geometry with many parts of mathematics and theoretical physics. The basic objects, called algebraic varieties, are the common zero sets of polynomial functions, which are higher dimensional analogues to the ellipses and hyperbolas of antiquity. The subject has key applications in very many branches of modern mathematics, science and technology.  

One of the main goals in algebraic geometry is to classify algebraic varieties. These can often be decomposed into simpler shapes that act as fundamental building blocks in the classification.  But how many different shapes appear in each class of building blocks?  

Calabi-Yau varieties, characterised as flat from the point of view of Ricci curvature, are one of 3 types of building blocks of algebraic varieties. Calabi-Yau 3-folds and 4-folds have formed the focus of interest of string theorists over recent decades. A better understanding of the geometry and the classification of Calabi-Yau varieties would advance string theory in fundamental ways, and would provide many new examples and models to study.  
Since they are building blocks for constructions in geometry and theoretical physics, understanding how many Calabi-Yau varieties there are is a question of fundamental importance. The problem is to know whether the shapes of Calabi-Yau varieties come in just finitely many families in any fixed dimension - a property that goes under the name of boundedness. 

This very difficult question remains wide open.  While this problem has long been considered to be out of reach, recent developments make powerful techniques available to investigate new aspects of it. The aim of this research project is to show that there is essentially a finite number of families of Calabi-Yau varieties with some extra piece of structure -- an elliptic fibration -- in any dimension.
Applications of Artificial Life and Digital Organisms in the Study of Genetic Evolution

Testing evolutionary hypothesis in experimental setting is expensive, time consuming, and unlikely to recapitulate evolutionary history if evolution is repeated. Computer simulations of virtual organisms, also known as artificial life or digital organisms (DOs) can be used for in silico study of evolutionary processes. This mini-review focuses on the use of DOs in the study of genetic evolution. The three main areas focused in this review are (1) emergence of specialized cells, (2) chemical and environmental resistance, and (3) genetic adaptability. This review concludes with a discussion on the limitations on using DOs as a tool for studying genetic evolution.
Continuous chemoradiation following complete response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy provides improved outcomes in muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of patients with localized muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) treated with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy followed by continuous chemo-radiation (cCRT). To evaluate the prognostic significance of clinical complete response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in the setting of bladder preservation. Materials/Methods: From 2002 to 2012, twenty-two patients with cT2-4 N0-2 M0 MIBC were treated using cCRT for bladder preservation.  All patients were felt to be medically inoperable and/or refused cystectomy.  They were treated with maximal transurethral tumor resection (TURBT) and multiple cycles of platinum-doublet-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by definitive cCRT. Tumor response was evaluated with an abdomino-pelvic CT scan and cystoscopy 4 weeks after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 3 months after completion of all therapy. Radiation therapy was delivered using 3DCRT or IMRT to a median dose of 45 Gy to the pelvis and 63 Gy to the bladder (range 41.4 Gy to 71.4 Gy).  Three-year local control (LC) and disease-free survival (DFS) estimates were determined by the Kaplan-Meier method and log rank analysis. Results: The median age was 67.5 years. Median follow-up was 24 months (range 6 to 86). Clinical stage was T2 in 12 patients, T3 in 8, and T4 in 2. Fourteen patients were node-negative while 8 were node-positive. Actuarial 3-year OS, DFS, LC for the entire cohort were 62.2%, 62% and 78.3%, respectively. Furthermore, the 3-year OS and DFS for patients achieving a CR on cystoscopy following neo-adjuvant chemotherapy was 64.6% vs . 57.1% without CR ( p =.046), and 64.3% vs . 57.1% without CR ( p =.03). The 3-year LC was 90.9% in patients showing complete response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. When stratified by T stage, 3-year LC was 90.9% for T2, 87.5% for T3 and 0% for T4 ( p =.007). Local failure was associated with distant metastases in 4 out of 5 patients. Two patients had non-invasive local recurrences and both were successfully treated with intra-vesical BCG. Conclusions: Maximal TURBT followed by neo-adjuvant platinum based chemotherapy and definitive cCRT offers good rates of OS, DFS and LC in MIBC at three-years of follow-up. Complete response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy is a favorable prognostic factor, achieving LC rates >90% at 3 years.
Gasket overlay

A gasket overlay of polymeric material surrounding at least one through opening in a flat gasket, preferably in a ring, consists of at least two and, in particular, three concentric overlay beads which are connected to one another by connecting webs distributed uniformly over the circumference. In this arrangement, the connecting webs are preferably arranged offset relative to one another, so that, while providing a good sealing effect, the gasket overlays can be subjected to high compression pressures for sealing without being destroyed and give additional security against radial cracks across the entire width of the overlay in the event of manufacturing defects. <IMAGE>
ANALIS PENGARUH KESESUAIAN KOMPENSASI, KOMITMEN ORGANISASI, BUDAYA ETIS ORGANISASI, KEEFEKTIFAN PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL, DAN KOMPETENSI TERHADAP FRAUD DI SEKTOR PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN KLATEN (Studi Pada Dinas Pemerintahan Kabupaten Klaten)

Effect of Conformity Compensation Analysis, Organizational Commitment, Organizational Ethical Culture, Effectiveness of Internal Control andCompetency of the Fraud Government sector Klaten district. Tier One (S1) Department of Accounting STIE Widya Wiwaha Yogyakarta, 2018. This study aimed to examine the effect of Conformity Compensation, Organizational Commitment, Organizational Ethical Culture, Effectiveness of Internal Control and Competency against Fraud using Classical Assumptions and Multiple Regression liner. The sample of 200 respondents in 11 Office in Pemkab(Pemerintahan Kabupaten Klaten). 
Sampling method used was non-probability sampling. Collecting data using primary data is data taken directly from the respondents to the questionnaire technique and the use of secondary data that is retrieved from the existing 11 Office in Pemkab (Pemerintahan Kabupaten Klaten). Results obtained in partial testing is that the Compliance Compensation significantly Fraud influence. In silmutan independent variables affect the Fraud dependent variable. Keywords: Effect of Conformity Compensation, Organizational Commitment, Organizational Ethical Culture, Effectiveness of Internal Control and Competency Fraud.
When the smoke clears: predicting and preventing catastrophic erosion and flooding after wildfires in volcanic terrains

Wildfires remove protective vegetation, leaving the landscapes vulnerable to catastrophic erosion, landslides and floods. The resulting losses and mitigation costs following wildfires have increased dramatically in the last 30 years due to (i) the population increase, (ii) the rise in fire severity and torrential rains associated with climatic change, and (iii) critical gaps in and limited transfer of knowledge on fire-effects to support decision making. Major advances have been made in the last decade including the development of cost-risk erosion prediction tools, innovative hillslope stabilization treatments and novel approaches to monitor soil redistribution. In Europe, however, their application in post-fire prevention plans is still in its infancy as the necessary soil-specific calibration and effectiveness testing is missing for most terrain types.  
In this project I aim to exploit my expertise in Andisols to address this important research and management gap for volcanic regions. These terrains are not only typically very steep, densely populated and highly prone to wildfires, but as they experience some of the most torrential rainfall events worldwide, they are very often subjected to the dramatic consequences of floods, severe water erosion and landslides, which threaten properties and human lives. 
I propose to use an innovative field, laboratory and modelling approach and carefully chosen implementation programme, involving the validation and application of novel erosion-risk tools. Where applied, these tools will reduce risks to lives and properties, for southern European countries, savings of over €375 million per year can be expected. The collaborative work plan, involving global leaders in academia, industry and management, not only provides me with multidisciplinary and inter-sectorial training of the highest standard. It also ensures the application of the best science and effective knowledge transfer from academia to the end-users.
Multi-Modal context modelling for machine translation

Automatically translating human language has been a long sought-after goal in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). Machine Translation (MT) can significantly lower communication barriers, with enormous potential for positive social and economic impact. The dominant paradigm is Statistical Machine Translation (SMT), which learns to translate from human-translated examples.

Human translators have access to a number of contextual cues beyond the actual segment to translate when performing translation, for example images associated with the text and related documents. SMT systems, however, completely disregard any form of non-textual context and make little or no reference to wider surrounding textual content. This results in translations that miss relevant information or convey incorrect meaning. Such issues drastically affect reading comprehension and may make translations useless. This is especially critical for user-generated content such as social media posts -- which are often short and contain non-standard language -- but applies to a wide range of text types. 

The novel and ambitious idea in this proposal is to devise methods and algorithms to exploit global multi-modal information for context modelling in SMT. This will require a significantly disruptive approach with new ways to acquire multilingual multi-modal representations, and new machine learning and inference algorithms that can process rich context models. The focus will be on three context types: global textual content from the document and related texts, visual cues from images and metadata including topic, date, author, source. As test beds, two challenging user-generated datasets will be used: Twitter posts and product reviews.

This highly interdisciplinary research proposal draws expertise from NLP, Computer Vision and Machine Learning and claims that appropriate modelling of multi-modal context is key to achieve a new breakthrough in SMT, regardless of language pair and text type.
PAPER MACHINE CLOTHING WITH MONOFILAMENTS HAVING CARBON NANOTUBES

A PMC fabric yarn for use in a PMC fabric. The PMC fabric yarn has a composition which is a mixture of between 90% and 99.8% PET, with a remainder of said composition being between 0.2% and 10% CNT. The composition of the yarns has a relative elongation at 15.75 cN/tex which is between approximately 5% and 20% less than the PET, and an abrasion resistance which is between approximately 50% and 500% greater than the PET.
Systematic review of physical activity promotion by community health workers

To assess the physical activity promotion in interventions conducted by community health workers.Systematic searches in five electronic databases (LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and SportDiscus) and manual searches in reference lists were conducted for papers published up until May 2014. The inclusion criteria were interventions delivered in adults by community health workers that had physical activity promotion as an objective (primary or secondary).Of the 950 references initially retrieved, 26 were included in the descriptive synthesis. At the operational level, action strategies were predominantly based on the model of health education grounded in counseling, and delivered in populations at risk or diagnosed with chronic non-communicable diseases. Only five studies had the primary outcome of physical activity promotion and twenty-five studies used self-report methods for evaluation. The majority of studies (72.4%) were classified as having low or moderate risk of bias. Sixteen studies (61.5%) reported positive results for different parameters of physical activity. Most studies were carried out in the United States. The successful interventions were conducted over a period averaging 6.5 months and targeted mainly women, individuals older than thirty, specific ethnic groups, and syndromic or at-risk individuals.The community health workers were important for physical activity promotion, but further interventions should be carried out in different countries and less specific samples, that include physical activity as a primary outcome and employ direct methods for assessing physical activity.
Production line of battery packs for telecommunications application

European battery manufacturing capability currently lags behind the Far East and the U.S.A, with most large players in this sector residing in Asia. A step change improvement in Security of supply, cost effectiveness and technical knowhow of cell level manufacture in Europe is essential for a sustainable European battery market going forward. The aim of Albufera Cells is to introduce a new rechargeable Aluminum-Air (Al-Air) battery technology based on sustainable materials and “lego” cell design enabling easy assembly of battery pack particularly in telecommunication market that is expected to double between 2020 and 2030 with the development of the 5G. Albufera Cells, a SME establish in January 2016 but composed of people who sum up more than 25 years of experience in energy storage industries (mainly Exide Technologies and SAFT) aims to become in the first factory at international level in Al-Air battery cells production for direct sale to telecommunication operators.
Redes de produccción y dinámica territorial en Guadalajara

This article analyzes the spatial dynamics of Guadalajara taken an alternative theoreticalbasis related to knowledge network framework as productive ecosystem. The territorial restructuringactivities that began to be experienced in the 1980s accelerated in the 2000s,was commanded by global firm subsidiaries specialized in design and product testing mainlyin automotive control systems (fireware or embedded software). The central role taken byglobal firm subsidiaries was pivotal to a new mode of interrelationship between the variousbusiness and non-business actors in the region. The new and the previous models of businessand territorial organization are briefly compared, stressing the changes in the relationshipbetween firms, universities and government organizations. In order to the new ecosystem to perform its role in essential to satisfy the demand of knowledge workers (engineers onict) which in turn depends on role plays by universities and the interaction between themand the leading firms. The collective action coming from local and foreigners entrepreneurssupported by the local government, prepared the ground for this process to operate andcreated several spillovers. The article is based on field research and framed in the literatureon international outsourcing, knowledge economy and technological learning.