SIRIS-Lab/unlabelled-sti-corpus huggingface dataset:
Practical Aspects of Measuring Initial Rates and Reaction Parameters

This chapter focuses on the practical design and execution of initial-rate enzyme kinetic experiments, including how the initial-velocity condition is verified, how rate measurements are actually conducted, and how the resulting data can be analyzed. This chapter also provides best-practice advice for making absorbance and fluorescence measurements, tips for handling multisubstrate reactions, recommendations for using stable and radioactive isotopes to measure reaction rate, protocols for dealing with metal nucleotide interactions, suggestions for detecting and quantifying covalently bound enzyme intermediates, and various approaches for determining equilibrium constants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The elucidation of catalytic and regulatory mechanisms is rooted in a deep understanding of an enzyme's properties. An assay is a tool for characterizing enzymes and for conducting informative kinetic experiments. Establishing a reliable initial-rate assay for a newly discovered enzyme also presents the opportunity to uncover new catalytic and regulatory properties. The discovery of a new enzyme-catalyzed reaction begins with the observed disappearance of the substrate or appearance of a product under well-defined reaction conditions. The identity and stability of the product(s) are determined by various analytical chemical approaches that allow determination of a substance's structure on the basis of its spectral properties and reactivity. The stoichiometry of the reaction is also determined by quantifying the moles of substrate consumed and the moles of product formed. Initial-rate kinetic experiments are then employed to reveal optimal reaction conditions, to evaluate the Michaelis constant, Km, and maximal velocity, Vm, to establish the order of substrate addition and product release, and to define the basic modes of inhibitor and activator action.
Emotional acculturation:  emotions as gateways to minority inclusion

International migration has often been referred to as one of the major challenges of the 21st century. Numbers of immigrants have been increasing, but social integration of migrants and their children is lagging at the detriment of immigrant minorities themselves and often resulting in conflict within receiving societies. EmotionAcculturation investigates the role of emotions, as key processes of interaction, for immigrant minorities’ social inclusion, and their wellbeing. It builds on research showing that, in each culture, emotions are socialized to fit the most valued kinds of relationships, and that the prevalent emotions, therefore, vary across different cultures. I postulate that misfit of the emotions of immigrant minorities with the typical majority emotions compromises interactions, and that this will hamper their social integration, and therefore their opportunities in the larger society. I study how and when emotional acculturation forms an important gateway to the social inclusion and wellbeing of immigrant minority individuals. The grant is organized around three Objectives: to better understand 1) the nature of emotional acculturation, 2) its conditions, and 3) its outcomes. I adopt a multi-method approach, following large numbers of immigrant minority and majority participants over time, in their everyday lives, and in real-time interactions in the laboratory. The project will span two receiving national contexts with different diversity climates (Belgium, California). It will shed light on understudied micro-processes involved in minority inclusion, and their social and health consequences. EmotionAcculturation offers a novel approach to psychological acculturation that goes beyond attitude change. Moreover, by studying emotional change beyond childhood, it also contributes to our understanding of how emotions are constructed through relational engagements, and how they facilitate social coordination and cohesion.
One-neutron knockout reaction of 17C on a hydrogen target at 70 MeV/nucleon

First experimental evidence of the population of the first 2- state in 16C above the neutron threshold is obtained by neutron knockout from 17C on a hydrogen target. The invariant mass method combined with in-beam gamma-ray detection is used to locate the state at 5.45(1) MeV. Comparison of its populating cross section and parallel momentum distribution with a Glauber model calculation utilizing the shell-model spectroscopic factor confirms the core-neutron removal nature of this state. Additionally, a previously known unbound state at 6.11 MeV and a new state at 6.28(2) MeV are observed. The position of the first 2- state, which belongs to a member of the lowest-lying p-sd cross shell transition, is reasonably well described by the shell-model calculation using the WBT interaction.
O conceito de vizinhança na legislação urbana brasileira e sua aplicação nos Estudos de Impacto de Vizinhança (EIV) em Florianópolis/SC

Resumo A delimitação das áreas de influências dos impactos no meio urbano, realizada durante os Estudos de Impacto de Vizinhança (EIV), é fundamental para que os empreendimentos contribuam com o cumprimento da função social da propriedade e da cidade. Este artigo demonstra, a partir de pesquisa em casos concretos, como a vizinhança vem sendo delimitada nos primeiros cinco anos de aplicação do instrumento na cidade de Florianópolis/SC. Trinta e dois EIVs aprovados foram analisados como casos-referência para esse objetivo, os dados e especificações técnicas utilizados na pesquisa foram extraídos dos documentos protocolados pelos empreendedores, dos pareceres emitidos pelo Instituto de Pesquisa e Planejamento Urbano de Florianópolis (Ipuf) e Termos de Compromisso de Compensação assinados, além de visitas exploratórias. O universo estudado demonstrou frequentes distorções quanto ao conceito de vizinhança utilizado na implementação do instrumento da política urbana EIV, pois a delimitação dos impactados na cidade não é utilizada como parâmetro para a definição da área de influência dos impactos dos empreendimentos. Os levantamentos indicaram a necessidade da revisão do princípio para a delimitação da vizinhança, essencial para que o princípio da função social da propriedade prevaleça sobre os interesses individuais.
Outcome Measures Other than Morbidity and Mortality for Patients with Incurable Cancer and Gastrointestinal Obstruction

To prospectively evaluate outcome measures of patients undergoing palliative surgical evaluation for gastrointestinal obstruction.Patients with an incurable malignancy undergoing consultation for gastrointestinal obstruction were prospectively enrolled from November 2009 to July 2012. We evaluated two patient-reported outcome measures of quality of life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General [FACT-G]) and treatment satisfaction (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Treatment Satisfaction-General Version 1 [FACIT-TS-G]) and five observational outcome measures (symptom improvement, 30 "good days," ability to tolerate diet at discharge, discharge home, and death within 90 days).Of 53 patients enrolled, 13 had gastric outlet obstruction, 22 had small bowel obstruction, and 18 had large bowel obstruction. Patient-reported measures could not be analyzed because only 19 patients (36%) completed the FACT-G and FACIT-TS-G survey at 1-month follow-up. However, we were able to obtain results for the 5 clinical observational outcomes in all patients. Symptom improvement was obtained in 41 (77%) patients, 30 "good days" in 40 (75%), ability to tolerate diet at discharge in 45 (85%), discharge to home in 46 (87%), and 18 (34%) of patients died within 90 days of evaluation. Large bowel obstruction was associated with symptom improvement, and noncolorectal cancer histology and carcinomatosis were negatively associated with having 30 "good days." The ability to tolerate oral intake at discharge was associated with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status and no recent chemotherapy administration. Death within 90 days was independently associated with noncolorectal cancer histology, ascites, and nonsurgical treatment.Observational outcome measures can provide follow-up data and the identification of variables associated with outcome for patients who are unable to respond to outpatient surveys.
Thirdhand Smoke Exposure in Homes with Children under 48 Months during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic Confinement in Barcelona (Spain)

Background/Objectives: Due to serious restrictions on mobility, some children might have increased exposure to THS due to home confinement. To characterize third-hand smoke (THS) exposure in children under 48 months at homes in Spain during the confinement of the first wave of COVID-19.Methods: Cross-sectional study of a non-probabilistic sample of parents (n = 311). The gathered information was about smoking status, second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure of their children, and voluntary regulation of tobacco consumption at their home. A variable of THS exposure at home was derived, classifying as ‘THS exposed’ those children whose parents reported living with a smoker or with smoking parents and non-exposed to SHS; ‘Non exposed’ children were, therefore, all other children.Results: Almost a quarter of the children (23.5%) were exposed to THS. This prevalence was significantly higher among those children whose parents increased tobacco consumption during confinement (40.5%), whose parents had lower or medium educational levels (42.9% and 41.7%), and with younger parents (24.8%). In contrast, the prevalence was significantly lower among those children living in homes with complete voluntary smoke restrictions (21.1%).Conclusions/Recommendations: To reduce THS exposure among children, it is important to work on information campaigns to raise awareness regarding THS exposure, promote recommendations to avoid exposure to THS, and develop legislation promoting smoke-free environments (in homes and vehicles).
All-In-One cell screening chip: device for affordable high-throughput cell screenings

Experiments with live cells are fundamentally important in biology, pharmaceutical industry, biotechnology or in medicine and diagnostics. One important example of cell experiments is the prescreening of cells from cancer biopsies with anticancer drugs in order to identify the most effective and least toxic combination of drugs for a particular patient also known as personalized medicine.

The goal of this ERC Proof-of-Concept project is to develop, fabricate and optimize a device (CellScreenChip) for performing miniaturized, parallel and, therefore, more affordable and faster cell screening experiments for the areas of diagnostics and personalized medicine. Applications of the CellScreenChip include (but not limited to) cell based disease diagnosis (e.g. cancer diagnostics), drug screening (e.g. body on a chip) or personalized medicine (e.g. personalized drug compatibility tests). The CellScreenChip will be based on our recent development of the superhydrophobic-superhydrophilic micropatterning methods and the ability to create high-density arrays of droplet microreservoirs on superhydrophobic-superhydrophilic patterns that can be used for parallelized and miniaturized cell experiments.
Choosing your poison and the time of a killing

The problem of the time of a killing is often cited as providing grounds for rejecting the action identification thesis favoured by Anscombe and Davidson. In this paper I make three claims. First, I claim that this problem is a threat to the action identification thesis because of two assumptions the thesis makes: since the thesis takes actions to be a kind of doings, it has to assume that agents’ doings last as long as their actions and vice versa. Second, I claim that not making both of these assumptions necessarily leads to another problem, the problem of the acting dead. This means that any theory of action has to choose its poison and face either one of these unresolved problems. Third, I claim that the solution to the problem of the time of a killing can be found by heeding linguistic arguments that ‘kill’ cannot mean ‘cause to die,’ as is commonly assumed, but instead has to have a more complex meaning. I discuss an alternative, more complex proposal and show how it allows us to keep the action identification thesis, fits colloquial usage of ‘kill’ and deals with the problem of the time of a killing.
Settlement and Bearing Capacity of Foundations with Different Vertical Cross-sectional Shapes on Non-cohesive Soil Bases under Vertically Applied Load

Settlement and bearing capacity of foundation models with different vertical cross-sectional shapes on non-cohesive subsoil bases under the action of vertically applied load are presented. Models of foundations with rectangular, wedge and T vertical cross-sectional shapes were experimentally studied. The study generally showed foundations with rectangular vertical cross-sectional shapes having higher bearing capacity and less settlement as compared to those with wedge and T shapes, from which lower bearing capacity and higher settlement were recorded. Although, wedge and T shape foundations showed less bearing capacity, they have the potentials of actively mobilizing soil, both long their vertical trunks and beneath their bases in active  resistance of structural loads. Keywords : Bearing capacity; Foundation shape; Non-cohesive soil; Settlement; Subsoil base.
Impacts of dried whole eggs on productive performance, quality of fresh and stored eggs, reproductive organs and lipid metabolism of laying hens

1. Rejected eggs were processed by freezing, freezing and boiling, or autoclaving, dried at 55°C, and the chemical and amino-acid analysis and microbiological properties of the dried whole eggs (DWE) determined. The processed DWE was included in a laying-hen mash diet at 50 or 100 g/kg, mainly to replace soybean meal and maize, in a factorial design of 3×2 and fed to hens between 25 and 41 weeks of age. In addition, a control diet without DWE was used to create a total of 7 treatments; each having 5 replicates of 5 hens. 2. Hens fed the diet containing 50-g/kg frozen and boiled DWE and 100-g/kg frozen DWE laid the largest egg size, while hens fed the 50-g/kg frozen and boiled or autoclaved DWE diets yielded the highest egg mass and best feed conversion efficiency. 3. Hens fed the 50-g/kg frozen DWE laid eggs with a higher yolk indices, Haugh unit scores, and eggshell thickness and maintained higher Haugh unit scores during egg storage. 4. Yolk cholesterol significantly decreased in eggs from groups fed either the 50-g/kg frozen or autoclaved DWE diet, with freezing having the stronger effect. 6. In conclusion, 50-g/kg autoclaved DWE diets fed to laying hens between 25 and 41 weeks of age had no adverse effects on production, egg quality or reproductive organs, but decreased yolk cholesterol, and thus could be beneficially included in laying-hen diets.
Detecting, understanding and exploiting intracellular redox signaling relays

Redox signaling is a process by which endogenous oxidants, derived from metabolism, reversibly modify particular thiols on particular proteins to change their functional behavior in an adaptive manner. However, the molecular mechanisms of redox signaling remain largely unknown. In particular, specificity and efficiency of redox signaling remain unexplained. The now emerging solution to this conundrum is that redox signaling is mediated and channeled by protein-to-protein redox relay chains that dynamically assemble in the cytosolic, nuclear and mitochondrial compartments. We and others have found that H2O2 signals are relayed through thiol peroxidases to neighboring proteins within supramolecular assemblies. Evidence now suggests that so far we have just glimpsed the ‘tip of the iceberg’, namely that redox relay chains are ubiquitous and also operate for reactive nitrogen and sulfur species. This project aims to systematically uncover, dissect, monitor and manipulate the redox relay chains that give specificity and efficiency to redox signaling. The basic strategy is to tag all protein-coding genes with genetically encoded reporters which –within the context of the living cell– sense the transmission of thiol oxidizing equivalents within their sphere of immediate proximity (≈10 nm). A combination of genetic screening, redox proteomics and transcription profiling will then allow to identify the composition of redox relays, their endogenous target proteins und their functional impact on gene regulation. The knowledge about the composition of redox relays will lead to precision tools for the observation and manipulation of defined redox signaling pathways in vivo. The project is expected to yield fundamental insights into the specific molecular links by which reactive oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur species couple changes in metabolism to cellular and organismal adaptations regulating resilience and healthspan.
A Study on Loan Repayment Behaviour of Borrowers and its Determinants

Microfinance is one of the basic and most important strategies for paucity of poverty in developing countries. Manny countries have realized this and started financing the people for their upliftment in many ways. The impact of microcredit is a subject of much controversy. Proponents state that it reduces poverty through higher employment and higher incomes. This is expected to lead to improved nutrition and improved education of the borrowers' children. Some argue that microcredit empowers women. However, increasing non-performing loan (bad debt loans) was a reason for provision and other administrative charges and on the other hand drastically reduces the banks income and profitability due to suspension of interest on non- performing loan. This undesirable fact tarnishes the image of the bank and negatively contributes to play its part in the countries development endeavors. Besides, ties the bank’s capital, affects its liquidity position, and reduces its competitiveness locally or in the global market and hence not compatible with a development bank that is expected to play an active and indispensable role by maintaining its sustainability. The current research paper focused on loan repayment behaviour of borrowers and its determinants in the view of loan delinquencies Key Words: Micro Finance, Loan Delinquencies, Paucity of Poverty, etc.
Commoning education: lessons from latin american popular education in buenos aires – argentina

Democratic education is a condition for the construction and preservation of democracies. On this basis, UNESCO purposed in 2015 to rethink education as a common good to reverse the privatised views of education, dominant since the 1990s, which diluted the key role of education in the construction of democratic citizenship. This interdisciplinary action aims to reinforce a conception of education as a common good by foregrounding experiences that stretch beyond the traditional school model and actively engage civil society actors in an education for transformation and social justice. To this end, EduCommon will develop knowledge exchange through an intercultural dialogue between two educational/social trends recently developed in crises contexts: Commons Paradigm (CP) and Popular Education (PE). CP has gained strength in Europe after the 2008 crisis in several social domains, including education; however, so far has not provided relevant applications in education. PE is a long tradition in Latin America that offers numerous experiences organising education as a common good, as show the current projects in Buenos Aires emerged after the 2001 crisis. Although PE experiences have not been connected to CP and had barely gained visibility in Europe, they  both share key points with CP; both are based on the premise that an education for democracy must be democratically organised, and therefore promote the active participation of civil society through grassroot democracy and participatory citizenship models. Thus, EduCommon would bring out mutual synergies: CP would strengthen the theoretical framework of PE, whilst PE would provide CP with experiences to follow. To set up this intercultural dialogue, the fellow will bring to Argentina her previous knowledge on CP, whilst will return to Europe analytical knowledge on the current PE experiences. Lessons generated will be of wider relevance for the European education governance, with transferable outcomes to other contexts.
Two-dimensional Topological Crystalline Insulator Phase in Sb/Bi Planar Honeycomb with Tunable Dirac Gap

We predict planar Sb/Bi honeycomb to harbor a two-dimensional (2D) topological crystalline insulator (TCI) phase based on first-principles computations. Although buckled Sb and Bi honeycombs support 2D topological insulator (TI) phases, their structure becomes planar under tensile strain. The planar Sb/Bi honeycomb structure restores the mirror symmetry, and is shown to exhibit non-zero mirror Chern numbers, indicating that the system can host topologically protected edge states. Our computations show that the electronic spectrum of a planar Sb/Bi nanoribbon with armchair or zigzag edges contains two Dirac cones within the band gap and an even number of edge bands crossing the Fermi level. Lattice constant of the planar Sb honeycomb is found to nearly match that of hexagonal-BN. The Sb nanoribbon on hexagonal-BN exhibits gapped edge states, which we show to be tunable by an out-of-the-plane electric field, providing controllable gating of edge state important for device applications.
Observed impacts of vertical velocity on cloud microphysics and implications for aerosol indirect effects

[1] The simultaneous measurements of vertical velocity and cloud droplet size distributions in cumuli collected during the RACORO field campaign over the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program's Southern Great Plains site near Lamont, Oklahoma, US, are analyzed to determine the effects of vertical velocity on droplet number concentration, relative dispersion (the ratio of standard deviation to mean radius), and their relationship. The results show that with increasing vertical velocity the droplet number concentration increases while the relative dispersion decreases. The data also exhibit a negative correlation between relative dispersion and droplet number concentration. These empirical relationships can be fitted well with power law functions. This observational study confirms the theoretical and numerical expectations of the effects of vertical velocity on cloud microphysics by analyzing the data of vertical velocity directly. The effects of vertical velocity on relative dispersion and its relationship with droplet number concentration are opposite to that associated with aerosol loading, posing a confounding challenge for separating aerosol indirect effects from dynamical effects.
The optimal range of gestational weight gain for singleton term nulliparous pregnancies in north region of China

Objective:To approach the optimal range of gestational weight gain for singloten term nulliparous pregnancies in north region of china.Methods:The information of 5 072 singleton nulliparous pregnancies delivered in Shenyang region were collected.The information contained pre-pregnancy,pregnancy and postpartum conditions of each woman.The 5 072 women were divided into three categories according to Chinese classification of body mass index(BMI):pre-pregnancy underweight(18.5 kg/m2),normal weight(18.5～24 kg/m2),overweight and obesity(≥24 kg/m2).The relationship between gestational weight gain and adverse pregnancy outcome and recommending optimal range for gestational weight gain were analyzed.Results:The rate of pre-pregnancy underweight,normal weight,overweight and obesity was 16.8 %,66.8% and 16.4%,respectively.The ranges of gestational weight gain which caused the lowest mobility of adverse pregnancy outcome were 12～18 kg,10.0～16.0 kg and 8.0～14.0 kg(P0.05),respectively.The recommending optimal ranges of gestational weight gain were 12～18 kg,10.0～16.0 kg and 8.0～14.0 kg respectively.Conclusion:The average gestational weight gain is higher in north region of china.The recommending optimal ranges should be 12～18 kg,10.0～16.0 kg and 8.0～14.0 kg for the three categories respectively.