Evaluation of ocean carbon cycle models with data‐based metrics

<jats:p>New radiocarbon and chlorofluorocarbon‐11 data from the World Ocean Circulation Experiment are used to assess a suite of 19 ocean carbon cycle models. We use the distributions and inventories of these tracers as quantitative metrics of model skill and find that only about a quarter of the suite is consistent with the new data‐based metrics. This should serve as a warning bell to the larger community that not all is well with current generation of ocean carbon cycle models. At the same time, this highlights the danger in simply using the available models to represent the state‐of‐the‐art modeling without considering the credibility of each model.</jats:p>

section_content: und für die Berichterstattung an die Fakultäten der Universität und den Kanton Bern verwendet. (if necessary after consultation with the submitters, cf. below, 6. 4). Members of the Editorial Board are appointed by the Open Science Team of the University Library of Bern. 

• Roles of researchers: Submitters can pick the roles of researchers whose work they submit to BORIS Portal. A role is a combination of name, institute/department, and duration of employment. The role of a researcher is necessary to unambiguously identify contributors to research outputs. • Eligibility: authorization on a technical level to perform certain actions in BORIS Portal (e. g., submit or review items). The eligibility criteria are determined by the Open Science Team of the University Library of Bern. On a technical level, the system administrator can authorizes users (granting of rights). • Open -The datasets are accessible without restrictions and can be downloaded. 

• Embargo -The records are freely accessible after the expiration of an embargo period. The embargo end date is determined by the submitter. 

• Restricted -Access to records must be requested from a contact person. 

• Closed -Records cannot be uploaded to the repository but metadata can be entered. 

• Metadata Only -If data are already uploaded to another repository, the metadata on BORIS Portal can be used to verify the existence of the dataset.

section_content: Reasons to restrict access to records may include legal or ethical constraints, contractual obligation, or other compelling reasons.
section_name: Access restriction for datasets

section_content: Interested persons may request access to datasets that are under embargo, restricted or closed access. Such requests will be forwarded to the contact person that was designated when the dataset was submitted. The contact person can then grant or deny access. Submitters can specify terms of access by means of a Data Transfer Agreement (DTA).
section_name: Access to records on request

section_content: • BORIS Portal offers standard licenses for datasets. Depending on the content type, submitters can add other licenses as needed. • Should the submitter choose "restricted" or "closed" access, there is no dataset license to select. In this case, a Data Transfer Agreement (DTA) can regulate access. • Supplementary materials and Data Transfer Agreements in BORIS Portal are public domain (CC0), publicly accessible and downloadable. 5. 5. If not stated otherwise, content from BORIS Portal should be cited appropriately for subsequent use and reuse, at least by indicating author, title, date, repository (BORIS Portal), DOI. 

6. Submission 6. 1. Only designated members (including scientific staff) of the University of Bern or their authorized representatives can submit documents and metadata to BORIS Portal. 6. 2. The quality, validity, and authenticity of BORIS Portal content are the sole responsibility of the submitter. 6. 3. The compliance of content shared on BORIS Portal with legal, ethical, and similar regulations and requirements is the sole responsibility of the submitter. 6. 4. BORIS Portal editorial staff check submissions only for the authorization of the author/submitter, valid layout and format, and ensures the exclusion of content that is not relevant to the scope of BORIS Portal or that is inappropriate (spam). 6. 5. After review (and if necessary after consultation with the submitters), the BORIS portal editorial team publishes the entered metadata and makes the content accessible according to the access type chosen by the submitter. 

7. Storage and availability 7. 1. Metadata will be retained for the operational life of BORIS Portal. Should BORIS Portal cease operation, all metadata and content will be transferred to another repository. 7. 2. Submitted items will be retained for a minimum of 10 years. 7. 3. File formats may be converted if necessary to preserve the readability of files. 7. 4. It may not be possible to preserve the readability of files. BORIS Portal reserves the right to work with external partners to convert or migrate file formats, to use software emulations for old file formats, and/or to store metadata for preservation purposes. 7. 5. The content of the repository is regularly backed up by the university's IT services according to current best practice. 

8. Withdrawal of published items 8. 1. Published items may be withdrawn only for compelling reasons. Reasons for withdrawal are:

• Proven copyright infringement or plagiarism;

• Legal provisions or their violation; • National security;

• Falsified research. 

If BORIS Portal receives proof that one of these reasons applies, the corresponding item will be removed as soon as possible. BORIS Portal does not assume any responsibility for breaches of law in the aforementioned sense (see section 3. 2) by uploaded content. 8. 2. Withdrawn items may not be deleted, but will be withdrawn from public visibility. They may be retained for verification purposes. 8. 3. Withdrawn items may be deleted completely in case of legal violations. 8. 4. Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) of withdrawn items will continue to be retained for verification purposes. BORIS Portal can then indicate the status of the relevant submissions as "deleted" in harvesting requests. 8. 5. DOIs continue to be forwarded to so-called "tombstone" references that display the metadata of the deleted item. This is done to prevent broken links and to retain item histories. 8. 6. The metadata of withdrawn items will not be searchable or findable. 8. 7. Lists of errors (errata) and corrections (corrigenda) can be added to the original entry as needed. 9. Data of members of the University of Bern, data protection, and confidentiality 9. 1. BORIS Portal processes data about members of the University of Bern. Processing data means in particular storing, linking, disclosing, and deleting data, as necessary for the purposes mentioned in section 2 above. 9. 2. Eligible employees of the university administration have direct access to BORIS Portal. For eligibility, see above, section 0 (definitions). 9. 3. All those involved in the submission or review of metadata and data receive instructions on the confidential and secure handling of the entered information. 9. 4. The following information will be checked against data from the personnel administration system of the University of Bern for the purpose of identification:

1. Name The data under 1-4 can be displayed or viewed publicly. The data under 5 are only visible during submission as well as during review by authorized members of the university administration (see above, 9. 2). The data under 6 are treated as confidential and can only be viewed by authorized members of the university administration. 9. 5. BORIS Portal will also process other data entered. These include:

• Externally provided identifiers such as ORCiD numbers;

• Information on research projects such as participating researchers and organizational units;

• Research project funding information (data submitter can remove this from public visibility);

• Documents that can be uploaded for internal purposes (e. g. project management) of the researchers. These documents will be visible only to the owners as well as to the system administrator, unless the owners grant permission to other persons.
section_name: Licenses

section_content: In accordance with legal provisions, BORIS Portal attaches great importance to the accuracy and timeliness of the stored data. However, BORIS Portal does not guarantee that the stored information is correct, up-to-date, complete, and of adequate quality. BORIS Portal reserves the right to correct or delete information. BORIS Portal shall not be liable for any loss or damage of any kind incurred as a result of accessing, using, or not using the published information. BORIS Portal has not reviewed third party websites, i. e. those that are not on the servers of BORIS Portal or within its sphere of influence, and that are hyperlinked to this website, and assumes no responsibility for their content. 

11. Review of these guidelines These guidelines will be reviewed at least annually. Date of last review: August 18, 2021.
section_name: Disclaimer of warranty and liability