---
language:
- en
license: cc-by-sa-4.0
size_categories:
- 10KPlease note, this dataset contains content that may be upsetting or offensive to some readers.
**Published at ACL 2024!**
📄 **Paper Link** - [Silent Signals, Loud Impact: LLMs for Word-Sense Disambiguation of Coded Dog Whistles](https://aclanthology.org/2024.acl-long.675/)
💻 **Dataset webpage** - Coming soon 🚀
## Dataset Schema ##
| Field Name | Type | Example | Description |
|:------------|:------|:---------|:-------------|
| **dog_whistle** | str | "illegals" | Dog whistle word or term. |
| **dog_whistle_root** | str | "illegal immigrant" | The root form of the dog whistle,
as there could be multiple variations. |
| **ingroup** | str | "anti-Latino" | The community that uses the dog whistle. |
| **content** | str | "In my State of Virginia, the governor put a stop
to the independent audits that were finding
thousands of illegals on the roll." | Text containing the dog whistle. |
| **date** | str | "11/14/2016" | Date of comment, formatted as `mm/dd/yyyy`. |
| **speaker** | str | None | Speaker, included for U.S. Congressional speech
excerpts and Null for Reddit comments. |
| **chamber** | str | None | Chamber of Congress, 'S' for Senate,
'H' for House of Representatives, and
Null for Reddit comments. |
| **subreddit** | str | "The_Donald" | Subreddit where the comment was posted,
Null for Congressional data. |
| **source** | str | "PRAW API" | The source or method of data collection. |
| **definition** | str | "Latino, especially Mexican, immigrants
regardless of documentation." | Definition of the dog whistle, sourced from the
Allen AI Dog Whistle Glossary. |
| **type** | str | "Informal" | Type of content, formal or informal. |
| **party** | str | None | The political party affiliation of the speaker,
available only for U.S. Congressional excerpts. |
> NOTE: The dog whistles terms and definitions that enabled this research and data collection were sourced from the [Allen AI Dogwhistle Glossary](https://dogwhistles.allen.ai/).