Title: Kaluga Governorate
Content:  Kaluga Governorate (1796&mdash;1929 ) was a governorate of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR. Its capital was Kaluga.
Title: Kaluga
Content:  Kaluga is the administrative center of the oblast. Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with seventy-two rural localities, incorporated as the City of Kaluga—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the City of Kaluga, together with one rural locality in Ferzikovsky District (the selo of Novozhdamirovo), is incorporated as Kaluga Urban Okrug.
Title: Kaluga Oblast
Content:  Kaluga Oblast (Калу́жская о́бласть) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kaluga. The 2010 Russian Census found a population of 1,010,930.
Title: Kaluga
Content:  Kaluga, a city and the administrative center of Kaluga Oblast in Russia, stands on the Oka River 150 km southwest of Moscow. Population: Kaluga's most famous resident, the space travel pioneer Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, worked there as a school teacher from 1892 to 1935. The Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics in Kaluga is dedicated to his theoretical achievements and to their practical implementations for modern space research, hence the motto on the city's coat of arms: Колыбель Космонавтики, Kolybélʹ kosmonávtiki (The Cradle of Space-Exploration").
Title: List of rural localities in Kaluga Oblast
Content:   This is a list of rural localities in Kaluga Oblast. Kaluga Oblast (Калу́жская о́бласть, Kaluzhskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kaluga. Population: 1,010,930 (2010 Census).
Title: Kaluga, Poland
Content:  Kaluga is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żabno, within Tarnów County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 8 km north-west of Żabno, 22 km north-west of Tarnów, and 65 km east of the regional capital Kraków.
Title: Kaluga Oblast
Content:   The Charter of Kaluga Oblast is the fundamental law of the oblast. The Legislative Assembly of Kaluga Oblast is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia.
Title: Kaluga
Content:  Kaluga, founded in the mid-14th century as a border fortress on the southwestern borders of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, first appears in the historical record in chronicles in the 14th century as Koluga; the name comes from Old Russian kaluga - "bog, quagmire". During the period of Tartar raids it was the western end of the Oka bank defense line. The Great stand on the Ugra River was fought just to the west. In the Middle Ages Kaluga was a minor settlement owned by the Princes Vorotynsky. The ancestral home of these princes lies southwest of the modern city. On 19 January 1777 the Kaluga 
Title: Kaluga Oblast
Content:  the viceroyalty acquired a new image. During the rule of Paul I, in 1795 Kaluga Viceroyalty was transformed into a governorate. During the Great Patriotic War, the territory was liberated from German occupation by the Soviet Army's 10th, 16th, 33rd, 43rd, 49th, 50th, and 61st Armies, the 20th Tank Brigade, 1st Air Army, 1st Cavalry Corps, and the Normandy squadron. The modern oblast was founded in accordance with the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 5, 1944. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Kaluga Oblast became a federal subject of the Russian Federation. In March 1996, the Charter of Kaluga Oblast was adopted.
Title: Kaluga Oblast
Content:  the Moscow principality from Lithuania's attacks. In 1480–1481, Kaluga's territory was the place of the great stand on the Ugra river, resulting in the liberation of Russian lands from the Tatar yoke and Moscow's transformation into a sovereign state. In the 16th and 17th centuries, with active development of trade and crafts, the city was advanced in the arts of wood carving and jewelry. After the reunification of Russia and the Ukraine in 1654, Kaluga's role as a trade intermediary between Moscow and the Ukraine contributed also to its economic development. On August 24, 1776, Catherine the Great issued a decree establishing Kaluga Viceroyalty to unite Kaluga and Tula Governorates. The center 

Question: What is the capital of Kaluga Governorate?
Answer: Kaluga.
Kalyga.