In this context it was the externality of British Afro-Caribbeans and Asians which was highlighted rather the racist institutions and processes which worked against blacks at all levels of society .

circumstance appearance emphasized functioned stratum

discourse
context of use
linguistic context
setting
environment
situation
set

foregrounded
made up
spotlighted
brought out
played up
shown

transformed
exploited
stimulated
went
turned
figured out
worked out
succeeded
soured
moulded
played
puzzled out
was
converted
operated
shaped
licked
forged
used
wreaked
put to worked
affected
formed
manipulated
knead
worked on
cultivated
acted upon
moved
created from raw material
changed state
ran
molded
brought
solved
passed
processed
worked
made
became
exercised
captured
acted
cropped
understood
made for
fixed
managed
did worked
fermented
influenced
jobbed
calculated

indicators
stages
floors
structures
ranks
horizontal surfaces
altitudes
storeys
spirits levels
degrees
surfaces
points
grades
properties
layers
stories
places
states
tiers
volumes
amounts
evens
scales
sections
standards
statuses

in this context it be the externality of british afro-caribbeans and asians which be highlight rather the racist institution and process which work against black at all level of society .

IN DT NN PRP VBD DT NN IN JJ NNPS CC NNPS WDT VBD VBN RB DT JJ NNS CC NNS WDT VBD IN NNS IN DT NNS IN NN .

O O NOUN O VERB O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O VERB VERB ADV O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O VERB O NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN O


The usage of ‘ race ’ during the September-October 1985 period took on new meanings , which had little if anything to do with the impact of racism as such , since the emphasis was on the cultural characteristics of the minority communities themselves .

took
stimulated
birth
had gots
slept together
accepted
owned
featured
took in
ingested
gave
gave birth
produced
delivered
induced
directed
underwent
scored
interacted
received
bore
got
made
caused
suffered
experienced
held
changed
consumed
threw
sustained
let
homed
displayed
felt
observed
consisted
posse
situated
drank
enjoyed
organised
watched
provided
defined
included
retained
found
attained
affected
contained
hosted
thought
ate
brought
implemented
attempted
saw
not be involve in
be not involve in
hid
employed
did
coached
housed
celebrated
built
endured
played
forced
was
imagined
should
give brith

practice
set
dress
answer
travel
arrange
coif
spend
suffice
get along
groom
coiffure
come
create
make
perform
satisfy
practise
cause
exercise
serve
proceed
act
execute
coiffe
manage
make out
fare
carry through
behave
associate
accomplish
function
improve
occur
feel
work
through with

impingement contact shock wallop fight consequence encroachment influence significance outcome result

stress
prosody
vehemence
rhetorical device
intensity
accent
priority
attention
focus

the usage of ' race ' during the september-october 1985 period take on new meaning , which have little if anything to do with the impact of racism as such , since the emphasis be on the cultural characteristic of the minority community themselves .

DT NN IN `` NN '' IN DT NNP CD NN VBD RP JJ NNS , WDT VBD JJ IN NN TO VB IN DT NN IN NN IN JJ , IN DT NN VBD IN DT JJ NNS IN DT NN NNS PRP .

O NOUN O O NOUN O O O NOUN O NOUN VERB O ADJ NOUN O O VERB ADJ O NOUN O VERB O O NOUN O NOUN O ADJ O O O NOUN VERB O O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN NOUN O O


In addition , the question whether the cultures and values of the black communities , their family structures , and their political attitudes ‘ bred violence ’ was constantly raised ( van Dijk , 1988 ) .

anatomical structures
social structures
bodies parts
constructions
social organizations
social organisations
cognitions
constitutions
bodily structures
artifacts
complex bodies parts
bodies structures
organisations
descriptions
forms
arrangements
physical composition
frameworks

engendered spawned produced multiplied reproduced caused covered copulated

expressed
farmed
called forth
set up
advanced
fired
conjured
elicited
heightened
stirred
recruited
erected
multiplied
elevated
resuscitated
called down
upraised
evoked
resurrected
parented
invoked
produced
lifted
proven
grown
enlisted
gotten up
upgraded
conjured up
cultivated
bid
moved
nurtured
bettered
kindled
brought up
aroused
made
enkindled
constructed
provoked
mentioned
reached
pronounced
leavened
put forward
ended
incited
changed
reared
bet
enhanced
collected
kicked upstairs
delegated
intensified
promoted
raised
levied
brought out
put up
accumulated

in addition , the question whether the culture and value of the black community , their family structure , and their political attitude ' breed violence ' be constantly raise ( van dijk , 1988 ) .

IN NN , DT NN IN DT NNS CC NNS IN DT JJ NNS , PRP$ NN NNS , CC PRP$ JJ NNS `` VBN NN '' VBD RB VBN -LRB- NNP NNP , CD -RRB- .

O NOUN O O NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN NOUN O O O ADJ NOUN O VERB NOUN O VERB ADV VERB O NOUN NOUN O O O O


The actual facts ' of who was arrested during the riots , whether black or white , were hardly debated since it was assumed that they were mostly black and mostly unemployed and involved with crime ( Keith , 1987 ) .

taken
taken office
accepted
dressed
taken on
simulate
put on
acquired
shammed
taken over
struck
usurped
moved
feigned
gotten into
received
born
arrogated
taken up
seized
changed
worn
adopted
taken for granted
expected
donned
dissembled
falsed

the actual fact ' of who be arrest during the riot , whether black or white , be hardly debate since it be assume that they be mostly black and mostly unemployed and involve with crime ( keith , 1987 ) .

DT JJ NNS '' IN WP VBD VBN IN DT NNS , IN JJ CC JJ , VBD RB VBN IN PRP VBD VBN IN PRP VBD RB JJ CC RB JJ CC VBN IN NN -LRB- NNP , CD -RRB- .

O ADJ NOUN O O O VERB VERB O O NOUN O O ADJ O ADJ O VERB ADV VERB O O VERB VERB O O VERB ADV ADJ O ADV ADJ O VERB O NOUN O NOUN O O O O


The imagery of the ‘ black bomber , used in Handsworth was extended to the notion that there were groups of alienated and criminalized young blacks who saw the riots as a chance to engage in an ‘ orgy of looting ’ .

representation developed considered participate rampage

imaging
mental imagery
imagination
visualisation
visual

gone
increased
change shape
exserted
been
covered
given
stretched forth
galloped
supplied
tensed
used
held out
ridden
led
expanded
lengthened
carried
prolonged
continued
widened
broadened
run
strained
passed
straightened
protract
stretched out
unfolded
put out
changed
drawn out
gesticulated
reached out
offered
poked out
stretched
included
dated
lengthy
be more than

went out
controlled
imagined
verified
regarded
perceived
caught
dated
interpreted
went through
fancied
got word
took in
discovered
insured
found
got a line
escorted
figured
realized
assured
found out
projected
viewed
ran across
looked
picked up
checked
pictured
underwent
envisioned
reckoned
watched
visualised
saw
ascertained
received
heard
detected
visualized
came across
imaged
construed
witnessed
attended
ensured
experienced
met
encountered
got wind
accompanied
learned
understood
examined
consorted
bet
saw to it
determined
toured
realised
cared
went steady
ran into
visited
thought
took care
look at
noticed
glimpsed
spotted
observed
recognized
expected
had
hosted
used
dealt
investigated
inhabited
discussed
felt
comprehended

take touch procure vow plight operate mesh occupy betroth enlist rent lock absorb move pursue get contend act interest employ charter affiance engross wage lease prosecute hire involve

splurge
debauch
revel
debauchery
drunken revelry
rite
binge
indulgence
riot
bacchanalia
bacchanal
saturnalia

the imagery of the ' black bomber , use in handsworth be extend to the notion that there be group of alienated and criminalize young black who see the riot as a chance to engage in an ' orgy of looting ' .

DT NN IN DT `` JJ NN , VBN IN NNP VBD VBN IN DT NN IN EX VBD NNS IN JJ CC VBD JJ NNS WP VBD DT NNS IN DT NN TO VB IN DT `` NN IN NN '' .

O NOUN O O O ADJ NOUN O VERB O NOUN VERB VERB O O NOUN O O VERB NOUN O ADJ O VERB ADJ NOUN O VERB O NOUN O O NOUN O VERB O O O NOUN O NOUN O O


The Dear Report on Handsworth captures this image and links it to the social condition of young blacks :

enchants catches bewitches attracts entrance becharm fascinates captivates assumes charms appropriates enamors conquers gets enamours beguiles represents seizes changes trances prosecutes

appearance
epitome
icon
set
figure of speech
figure
look-alike
model
person
effigy
double
simulacrum
mental image
ikon
trope
representation
persona
rhetorical device
impression
paradigm
range
range of a function
prototype
view

ties in
relates
colligate
links up
yokes
connects
unites
attaches
thinks
ties
joins

the dear report on handsworth capture this image and link it to the social condition of young black :

DT NNP NNP IN NNP VBZ DT NN CC VBZ PRP IN DT JJ NN IN JJ NNS :

O NOUN NOUN O NOUN VERB O NOUN O VERB O O O ADJ NOUN O ADJ NOUN O


The majority of rioters who took part in these unhappy events were young , black and Afro-Caribbean origin .

line
beginning
intersection
root
bloodline
blood
blood line
ancestry
inception
genealogy
extraction
stemma
rootage
stock
source
point
pedigree
descent
parentage
origination
line of descent

the majority of rioter who take part in these unhappy event be young , black and afro-caribbean origin .

DT NN IN NNS WP VBD NN IN DT JJ NNS VBD JJ , JJ CC JJ NN .

O NOUN O NOUN O VERB NOUN O O ADJ NOUN VERB ADJ O ADJ O ADJ NOUN O


Let there be no doubt , these young criminals are not in any way representative of the vast majority of the Afro-Caribbean community whose life has contributed to the life and culture of the West Midlands over many years and whose hopes and aspirations are at one with those of every other law-abiding citizen .

Have Permit Leave Accept Get Make Lease Rent Induce Countenance Give Bring Release Put Ease

journey
means
path
room
implementation
style
fashion
position
course
condition
distance
share
category
artifact
mode
property
choice
elbow room
direction
way of life
agency
mean
strategy
method
life
possibility
solution
effectuation
selection

chip in
lent
changed
conduced
paid
added
brought
led
promoted
put up
kicked in
imparted
given
bestowed

let there be no doubt , these young criminal be not in any way representative of the vast majority of the afro-caribbean community whose life have contribute to the life and culture of the west midlands over many year and whose hope and aspiration be at one with those of every other law-abiding citizen .

VB EX VB DT NN , DT JJ NNS VBP RB IN DT NN NN IN DT JJ NN IN DT JJ NN WP$ NN VBZ VBN IN DT NN CC NN IN DT NNP NNP IN JJ NNS CC WP$ NNS CC NNS VBP IN CD IN DT IN DT JJ JJ NN .

VERB O VERB O NOUN O O ADJ NOUN VERB ADV O O NOUN NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O NOUN VERB VERB O O NOUN O NOUN O O NOUN NOUN O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN VERB O O O O O O ADJ ADJ NOUN O


we share a common sorrow .

communicate
portion out
use
distribute
get
partook
partook in
overlap
apportion
deal
divvy up
apply
possess
have the same
've
divide
say
acquire
agree

unhappiness
negative stimulus
ruefulness
sadness
grief
sorrowfulness
rue


It is the duty of us all to ensure that an entire cultural group is not tainted by the actions of a criminal minority .

marred sullied clouded infected pollute corrupted defiled

it be the duty of we all to ensure that an entire cultural group be not taint by the action of a criminal minority .

PRP VBZ DT NN IN PRP DT TO VB IN DT JJ JJ NN VBZ RB VBN IN DT NNS IN DT JJ NN .

O VERB O NOUN O O O O VERB O O ADJ ADJ NOUN VERB ADV VERB O O NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O


This ‘ black ’ criminal minority was constructed not only into the leading force behind the riots , but sometimes as the only force .

reconstructed
retraced
traced
made
built
fabricated
manufactured
created by mental act
created
formulated
physically like
established

this ' black ' criminal minority be construct not only into the lead force behind the riot , but sometimes as the only force .

DT `` JJ '' JJ NN VBD VBN RB RB IN DT VBG NN IN DT NNS , CC RB IN DT JJ NN .

O O ADJ O ADJ NOUN VERB VERB ADV ADV O O VERB NOUN O O NOUN O O ADV O O ADJ NOUN O


Indeed , throughout September and October 1985 , and during the following months , the imagery of race continued to dominate debate about both the causes and the policy outcomes of the riots .

extended
stayed on
kept on
kept
went forward
was
covered
travelled
carried on
went on
prolonged
preserved
bore on
stayed
proceeded
acted
upheld
retained
went along
remained
talked

control eclipse reign lie overlook prevail brood master command overtop overshadow predominate rule represent

indeed , throughout september and october 1985 , and during the following month , the imagery of race continue to dominate debate about both the cause and the policy outcome of the riot .

RB , IN NNP CC NNP CD , CC IN DT JJ NNS , DT NN IN NN VBD TO VB NN IN DT DT NNS CC DT NN NNS IN DT NNS .

ADV O O NOUN O NOUN O O O O O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN VERB O VERB NOUN O O O NOUN O O NOUN NOUN O O NOUN O


During 1985 this issue was raised once again , though by then the extent of mass unemployment and urban de-industrialization and decay was more stark than it had been in 198l .

expressed
farmed
called forth
set up
advanced
fired
increased
conjured
elicited
heightened
stirred
recruited
erected
multiplied
elevated
resuscitated
called down
upraised
evoked
resurrected
parented
invoked
produced
lifted
proven
grown
enlisted
gotten up
upgraded
conjured up
cultivated
bid
moved
nurtured
bettered
kindled
brought up
aroused
made
enkindled
constructed
provoked
reached
pronounced
leavened
put forward
ended
incited
changed
reared
bet
enhanced
collected
kicked upstairs
delegated
intensified
promoted
raised
levied
brought out
put up
accumulated

decomposition
organic phenomenon
decrease
disintegration
natural process
unsoundness
nuclear reaction
radioactive decay
deprovement

austere bleak thoroughgoing unadulterated arrant utter crude staring gross barren desolate everlasting complete sodding double-dyed bare consummate blunt severe perfect stern pure obvious

during 1985 this issue be raise once again , though by then the extent of mass unemployment and urban de-industrialization and decay be more stark than it have be in 198l .

IN CD DT NN VBD VBN RB RB , IN IN RB DT NN IN JJ NN CC JJ NN CC NN VBD RBR JJ IN PRP VBD VBN IN NNS .

O O O NOUN VERB VERB ADV ADV O O O ADV O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O ADJ NOUN O NOUN VERB ADV ADJ O O VERB VERB O NOUN O


Images of ‘ urban decay ’ , ‘ tinderbox cities ’ , and ‘ ghetto streets ’ linked up with the images of ‘ race inequality ’ and ‘ black ghettos ’ to produce an analysis more complex but also more contradictory .

Representations
decline
dangerous
rundown
associated
representations
rundown streets
create

Appearances
Epitomes
Icons
Sets
Figure of speeches
Figures
Look-alikes
Models
Persons
Effigies
Double
Simulacrums
Mental images
Ikons
Tropes
Pictures
Personas
Rhetorical devices
Impressions
Paradigms
Ranges
Range of a functions
Prototypes
Views

city district
quarter
life
city district

tied in
related
colligated
linked up
yoked
connected
united
attached
thought
tied
joined

appearances
epitomes
icons
sets
figures of speeches
figures
look-alikes
models
persons
effigies
double
simulacrums
mental images
ikons
tropes
pictures
personas
rhetorical devices
impressions
paradigms
ranges
ranges of a functions
prototypes
views

cities districts
quarters
lives
city district

expose
cultivate
farm
bring about
change
give rise
bring on
acquire
make
grow
develop
get
raise
bring forth
bring out
write

image of ' urban decay ' , ' tinderbox city ' , and ' ghetto street ' link up with the image of ' race inequality ' and ' black ghetto ' to produce an analysis more complex but also more contradictory .

NNS IN `` JJ NN '' , `` NN NNS '' , CC `` JJ NNS '' VBN RP IN DT NNS IN `` NN NN '' CC `` JJ NNS '' TO VB DT NN RBR JJ CC RB RBR JJ .

NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O O O NOUN NOUN O O O O ADJ NOUN O VERB O O O NOUN O O NOUN NOUN O O O ADJ NOUN O O VERB O NOUN ADV ADJ O ADV ADV ADJ O


The Mirror described the estate as ‘ Living Hell ’ , and quoted one resident as saying that ‘ You 'M_ve_possess no idea how awful daily life is ’ ( 8 October 1985 ) .

key out
set forth
lined
drew
identified
keyed
marked
named
informed
traced
distinguished
delineated
discovered
accounted
reported
exemplified
explained

punctuated cited repeated mentioned gave

the mirror describe the estate as ' live hell ' , and quote one resident as say that ' you 'm_ve_possess no idea how awful daily life be ' ( 8 october 1985 ) .

DT NNP VBD DT NN IN `` VBG NNP '' , CC VBD CD NN IN VBG IN `` PRP VBP DT NN WRB JJ JJ NN VBZ '' -LRB- CD NNP CD -RRB- .

O NOUN VERB O NOUN O O VERB NOUN O O O VERB O NOUN O VERB O O O VERB O NOUN O ADJ ADJ NOUN VERB O O O NOUN O O O


Such images were reworkings of arguments already used about Toxteth in 1981 and Brixton in 1981 , but they were used more widely than in 1980–1 .

appearances
epitomes
icons
sets
figures of speeches
figures
look-alikes
models
persons
effigies
double
simulacrums
mental images
ikons
tropes
representations
personas
rhetorical devices
impressions
paradigms
ranges
ranges of a functions
prototypes
views

such image be reworking of argument already use about toxteth in 1981 and brixton in 1981 , but they be use more widely than in 1980–1 .

JJ NNS VBD NNS IN NNS RB VBN IN NNP IN CD CC NNP IN CD , CC PRP VBD VBN RBR RB IN IN CD .

ADJ NOUN VERB NOUN O NOUN ADV VERB O NOUN O O O NOUN O O O O O VERB VERB ADV ADV O O O O


Even the Daily Mail , which deployed the clearest use of ‘ race ’ and ‘ outside agitator ’ arguments , ran a major story on Broadwater Farm under the headline : ‘ Burnt-out hulks litter this concrete jungle … despair hangs heavy ’ ( 8 October 1985 ) .

spread explicit utilization beyond published Tired people crowd area felt ubiquitously

unmortgaged clean-cut clear-cut unclouded cleared light readable absolved exculpated exonerated well-defined percipient clean decipherable open vindicated simple unrestrained well apparent clearly obvious unclutter

employment
use of goods and services
manipulation
utility
usance
demand
purpose
consumption
utilisation
habit
usage
exercise
function
legal right
role
custom
economic consumption
activity
enjoyment
influence

international outdoor extraneous remote external out-of-door away apart

freed
was given
fed
took to the woods
played
head for the hills
raced
incurred
inclined
diffused
led
lam
broke away
plied
occurred
passed
leaned
persisted
executed
died hard
hightailed it
escaped
extended
bunked
travelled
carried
hunted
ran
bled
traded
became
accompanied
functioned
unravelled
consorted
ran for
scarpered
competed
went
was
operated
melted down
coursed
campaigned
ran away
dissolved
processed
sailed
ranged
ladder
endured
hunted down
carried through
prevailed
melted
left
tended
succeeded
tracked down
scatted
guided
broke
continued
directed
circulated
turned tail
moved
drew
worked
flew the coop
lasted
captured
travelled rapidly
flowed
changed
enforced
black market
disintegrated
organised
managed
wrote
resonated
rapidly move
oversaw
depleted
be incompatible with
finished
existed
contributed
started
lose interest
difficult problem
ruled
did
sought

Exhausted
Worn out
Overworked
Spent
Drained
Depleted
Burned out
Weary
Fatigued

ships
heavyweights
giants
whales
large persons

hobo camp
location
camp
forest
boat
loud instrument

grasps
clings
falls
listens
adverts
obstructs
fastens
decomposes
drops
pay heed
hangs up
decorates
is
string up
attends
gives ear
flows
executes
waits
places

big
fleshy
profound
laborious
backbreaking
great
threatening
impenetrable
gruelling
lowering
weighty
hard
labored
gravid
overweight
large
grave
sullen
expectant
operose
leaden
cloggy
grievous
clayey
arduous
punishing
enceinte
sonorous
ponderous
wakeless
laboured
sound
with child
lumbering
toilsome
weighed down
intemperate
grueling
dense
compulsive
substantial
loud

even the daily mail , which deploy the clear use of ' race ' and ' outside agitator ' argument , run a major story on broadwater farm under the headline : ' burnt-out hulk litter this concrete jungle … despair hang heavy ' ( 8 october 1985 ) .

RB DT NNP NNP , WDT VBD DT JJS NN IN `` NN '' CC `` JJ NN '' NNS , VBD DT JJ NN IN NNP NNP IN DT NN : `` NNP NNS VBP DT JJ NN NFP NN VBZ JJ '' -LRB- CD NNP CD -RRB- .

ADV O NOUN NOUN O O VERB O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O O O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O VERB O ADJ NOUN O NOUN NOUN O O NOUN O O NOUN NOUN VERB O ADJ NOUN O NOUN VERB ADJ O O O NOUN O O O


The ‘ cities of inner despair ’ were conceived as the breeding ground for disorderly protest , and however hard the Government tried to break the causal link between the two , it was forced to take on board the need to restore order not only through the police but through promises of help for the inner cities .

conceptualised
starting
place
unlawful
intensely
remove
association
compelled
accpet
reestablish lawfulness

evaluated
conceptualized
believed
changed state
considered
gestated
thought
created by mental act

genteelness
training
bringing up
fosterage
nurture
socialization
sexual activity
gentility
fostering
raising
production
procreation
upbringing
education
facts of life
reproduction
rearing
elegance

flat coat
soil
earth
foundation
primer coat
footing
dry land
military position
coat of paint
basis
reason
undercoat
material
view
percept
connection
terra firma
rational motive
background
object
priming coat
surface
priming
primer
solid ground
land
opinion
evidence
area
scene
cause

topsy-turvy hugger-mugger chaotic higgledy-piggledy jumbled

intemperately severely firmly heavily much difficult toilsomely desperately earnestly strictly effort concentrate

damp
destroy
switch
wear out
breach
detach
divulge
let on
appear
tell
soften
come apart
crack
check
intermit
ruin
change integrity
break away
better
burst
collapse
damage
express emotion
decays
fall apart
break in
escape
split up
diphthongize
disrespect
give away
separate
discover
reveal
unwrap
get out
conk out
part
develop
recrudesce
bust
demote
become
weaken
infract
snap off
fracture
end
give out
kick downstairs
penetrate
happen
founder
fail
expose
go
trespass
split
come forth
invalidate
domesticate
surpass
give way
smash
relegate
change state
dampen
bump
disclose
stop
break down
let out
get around
delegate
break dance
bankrupt
break off
bring out
impoverish
offend
decrease
erupt
break up
cave in
give
interrupt
disperse
injure
violate
discontinue
solve
break out
go against
transgress
fall in
shoot
pause
deaden
break-dance
change
wear
flee
die
dance
go bad
dismantle
disregard
persuade
depart
diminish
decipher
be false
different from before
terminate
suddenly show

communication system
linkage
union
contact
shape
channel
instruction
inter-group communication
connectedness
radio link
connection
fastener
connexion
data link
linear unit
liaison
tie
linkup
tie-in
nexus
circuit
relation
connect

moved drawn coerced squeezed thrust rammed stormed penetrated impelled wedged pressured pulled caused driven haled pushed acted obliged

endure a challenge bravely and without complaint

reconstruct
furbish up
change
rejuvenate
better
reinstate
restitute
fix
repair
doctor
mend
reestablish
refund
regenerate
bushel
touch on
Holy Order
orderliness
society
monastic order
order of magnitude
lodge
guild
request
arrangement
rescript
club
taxonomic group
condition
command
ordering
fiat
holy order
sect
status
rule
ordination
magnitude
rules of order
artistic style
gild
association
act
parliamentary law
edict
purchase order
social club
decree
state
parliamentary procedure
organization
commercial document
check
law
safety
peace
instruction
control
purchase order

the ' city of inner despair ' be conceive as the breeding ground for disorderly protest , and however hard the government try to break the causal link between the two , it be force to take on board the need to restore order not only through the police but through promise of help for the inner city .

DT `` NNS IN JJ NN '' VBD VBN IN DT NN NN IN JJ NN , CC RB RB DT NNP VBD TO VB DT NN NN IN DT CD , PRP VBD VBN TO VB RP NN DT NN TO VB NN RB RB IN DT NN CC IN NNS IN NN IN DT JJ NNS .

O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O VERB VERB O O NOUN NOUN O ADJ NOUN O O ADV ADV O NOUN VERB O VERB O NOUN NOUN O O O O O VERB VERB O VERB O NOUN O NOUN O VERB NOUN ADV ADV O O NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O


The Government 's record on unemployment was a heavily politicized issue , and just as in 1981 it vehemently denied any responsibility for the riots through its pursuit of free-market policies .

intemperately
heavy
hard
to a great extent
largely
to a great extent

controlled withheld abnegated kept contradicted disavowed traversed disowned

interest
quest
by-line
spare-time activity
pastime
following
diversion
sideline
hobby
motion
pursuance
chase
avocation
pursual

the government 's record on unemployment be a heavily politicize issue , and just as in 1981 it vehemently deny any responsibility for the riot through its pursuit of free-market policy .

DT NNP POS NN IN NN VBD DT RB VBN NN , CC RB IN IN CD PRP RB VBD DT NN IN DT NNS IN PRP$ NN IN JJ NNS .

O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN VERB O ADV VERB NOUN O O ADV O O O O ADV VERB O NOUN O O NOUN O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O


But the Government did find a way of accepting a link between the riots and social problems without bringing its main policies into the debate : namely by linking the growth of violent disorder to crime and drugs .

determine method association relating associating increase unlawfulness

retrieve
perceive
feel
line up
chance
notice
get hold
discover
incur
reason
find out
spy
gestate
observe
rule
recover
see
regain
ascertain
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obtain
get
reach
detect
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witness
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mature
experience
encounter
come up
change
learn
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find oneself
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think
consider
gain
appear
identify
choose
feature
read
establish
pbserve
realise
deem

journey
means
path
room
implementation
style
fashion
position
course
condition
distance
manner
share
category
artifact
mode
property
choice
elbow room
direction
way of life
agency
mean
strategy
life
possibility
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selection

taking
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wreaking
imparting
bringing in
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getting
making
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bestowing
landing
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starting
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moving
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influencing
including
leading
forcefully make
pulling

tying in
relating
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linking up
yoking
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uniting
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thinking
tying
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beginning
development
maturation
ontogenesis
illness
organic process
growing
object
process
emergence
outgrowth
ontogeny
increment
vegetation
expansion

disorderliness
upset
condition
state
physical condition
unrest
mess
trouble

but the government do find a way of accept a link between the riot and social problem without bring its main policy into the debate : namely by link the growth of violent disorder to crime and drug .

CC DT NNP VBD VB DT NN IN VBG DT NN IN DT NNS CC JJ NNS IN VBG PRP$ JJ NNS IN DT NN : RB IN VBG DT NN IN JJ NN IN NN CC NNS .

O O NOUN VERB VERB O NOUN O VERB O NOUN O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O VERB O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O ADV O VERB O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O


The emphasis on ‘ crime ’ and the ‘ criminal acts ’ of the rioters in the official responses to the 1985 riots took a general and a specific form .

stress
prosody
vehemence
importance
rhetorical device
intensity
accent
priority
focus

legal documents
bits
events
routines
turns
dramatic compositions
human actions
numbers
enactments
human activities
expressions
deeds
performances
dos
dees

answers
phrases
reactions
speeches acts
replies
receptions
manner
consequences
greetings
bodily processes
solutions
reactopm

the emphasis on ' crime ' and the ' criminal act ' of the rioter in the official response to the 1985 riot take a general and a specific form .

DT NN IN `` NN '' CC DT `` JJ NNS '' IN DT NNS IN DT JJ NNS IN DT CD NNS VBD DT JJ CC DT JJ NN .

O NOUN O O NOUN O O O O ADJ NOUN O O O NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O O O NOUN VERB O ADJ O O ADJ NOUN O


The general form relied on the argument that the riots were not a form of protest against the insufferable social conditions of inner-city areas or the actions of the police , but a ‘ criminal act ’ or a ‘ cry for loot ’ .

bit
event
routine
turn
dramatic composition
human action
number
enactment
human activity
expression
deed
performance
dee

shout
yell
effusion
utterance
sound
war cry
motto
battle cry
outcry
watchword
call
rallying cry
vociferation
request
vocalization

lolly
stolen property
pelf
dough
lettuce
sugar
clams
scratch
prize
kale
booty
simoleons
shekels
money
lucre
swag
plunder
gelt
boodle
pillage
dinero
dirty money
cabbage
bread
wampum
moolah
stolen goods
trophy
spoils
robbery

the general form rely on the argument that the riot be not a form of protest against the insufferable social condition of inner-city area or the action of the police , but a ' criminal act ' or a ' cry for loot ' .

DT JJ NN VBD IN DT NN IN DT NNS VBD RB DT NN IN NN IN DT JJ JJ NNS IN NN NNS CC DT NNS IN DT NN , CC DT `` JJ NN '' CC DT `` NN IN NN '' .

O ADJ NOUN VERB O O NOUN O O NOUN VERB ADV O NOUN O NOUN O O ADJ ADJ NOUN O NOUN NOUN O O NOUN O O NOUN O O O O ADJ NOUN O O O O NOUN O NOUN O O


But it recurred as a theme in official and press responses to the other riots .

but it recur as a theme in official and press response to the other riot .

CC PRP VBD IN DT NN IN JJ CC NN NNS IN DT JJ NNS .

O O VERB O O NOUN O ADJ O NOUN NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O


The specific form was built upon the notion that the outbreak of violence in Handsworth and Brixton , in particular , was brought about by ‘ drug barons ’ who saw the police attempting to curb their activities and control ‘ their territory ’ .

ramped up
built up
bettered
increased
worked up
made
progressed
developed
constructed
created
intensified
overseen
improved
managed
influence other

went out
controlled
imagined
verified
perceived
caught
dated
interpreted
went through
fancied
got word
took in
discovered
insured
found
got a line
escorted
figured
realized
assured
found out
projected
viewed
ran across
looked
picked up
considered
checked
pictured
underwent
envisioned
reckoned
watched
visualised
saw
ascertained
received
heard
detected
visualized
came across
imaged
construed
witnessed
attended
ensured
experienced
met
encountered
got wind
accompanied
learned
understood
examined
consorted
bet
saw to it
determined
toured
realised
cared
went steady
ran into
visited
thought
took care
look at
noticed
glimpsed
spotted
observed
recognized
expected
had
hosted
used
dealt
investigated
inhabited
discussed
felt
comprehended

the specific form be build upon the notion that the outbreak of violence in handsworth and brixton , in particular , be bring about by ' drug baron ' who see the police attempt to curb their activity and control ' their territory ' .

DT JJ NN VBD VBN IN DT NN IN DT NN IN NN IN NNP CC NNP , IN JJ , VBD VBN RP IN `` NN NNS '' WP VBD DT NN VBG TO VB PRP$ NNS CC NN `` PRP$ NN '' .

O ADJ NOUN VERB VERB O O NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O O ADJ O VERB VERB O O O NOUN NOUN O O VERB O NOUN VERB O VERB O NOUN O NOUN O O NOUN O O


Numerous examples of this line of argument can be found in Dear 's report on Handsworth , and in press coverage during the riots .

text
location
reasoning
depression
formation
mechanical system
persuasion
phone line
stemma
personal credit line
telephone circuit
strain
stock
line of descent
rail line
line of products
agate line
bloodline
differentiation
contrast
production line
conformity
short letter
origin
melodic phrase
note
assembly line
electromagnetic radiation
conductor
business
furrow
crease
railway line
bank line
merchandise
series
tune
air
demarcation
logical argument
business line
course
argumentation
cable
connection
music
job
lineage
communication channel
personal line of credit
transmission line
wrinkle
line of reasoning
dividing line
credit
pedigree
parentage
argument
product line
area unit
pipeline
crinkle
pipe
mark
occupation
line of work
communication
military position
shape
blood line
blood
ancestry
channel
billet
melody
line of credit
seam
genealogy
line of business
line of merchandise
personal letter
artifact
carrier
credit line
descent
melodic line
activity
road
subscriber line
telephone line
separation
boundary
statement
sentence
piece
edge
phone line
route
path
paint stroke
group
equation
write
distinction
product line
transmission line
railway line
feature

retrieved
perceived
felt
lined up
chanced
noticed
gotten hold
discovered
incurred
reasoned
found out
spied
gestated
observed
ruled
recovered
seen
regained
ascertained
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gotten
reached
detected
bumped
witnessed
pronounced
matured
experienced
encountered
come up
changed
learned
happened
determined
found oneself
concluded
thought
considered
gained
appeared
identified
chosen
featured
established
pbserve
realised
deemed

numerous example of this line of argument can be find in dear 's report on handsworth , and in press coverage during the riot .

JJ NNS IN DT NN IN NN MD VB VBN IN NNP POS NN IN NNP , CC IN NN NN IN DT NNS .

ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN O VERB VERB O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O O O NOUN NOUN O O NOUN O


First , it distanced the riots from the social , economic , political , and other grievances which had been linked to them by locating the cause outside the ‘ social problems ’ of inner-city dwellers and in the ‘ simple greed ’ of the drug barons to accumulate ‘ loot ’ .

separated
problems
associated
determining
kingpin
stolen property

outdistanced
outstripped
kept
left behind

complaints scores allegations resentments grudges

tied in
related
colligated
linked up
yoked
connected
united
attached
thought
tied
joined

siting
stationing
turning up
settling
placing
finding
situating
discovering

moguls
businesses leaders
kings
peers
magnates
big businessmen
powers
tycoons
top executives
businessmen
lords

first , it distance the riot from the social , economic , political , and other grievance which have be link to they by locate the cause outside the ' social problem ' of inner-city dweller and in the ' simple greed ' of the drug baron to accumulate ' loot ' .

RB , PRP VBD DT NNS IN DT JJ , JJ , JJ , CC JJ NNS WDT VBD VBN VBN IN PRP IN VBG DT NN IN DT `` JJ NNS '' IN NN NNS CC IN DT `` JJ NN '' IN DT NN NNS TO VB `` NNP '' .

ADV O O VERB O NOUN O O ADJ O ADJ O ADJ O O ADJ NOUN O VERB VERB VERB O O O VERB O NOUN O O O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN NOUN O O O O ADJ NOUN O O O NOUN NOUN O VERB O NOUN O O


Second , just as Dear 's image of a few hundred ‘ young black criminals ’ was used to explain what happened in Handsworth , the problem of drugs was used to explain what happened at a national level .

appearance
epitome
icon
set
figure of speech
figure
look-alike
model
person
effigy
double
simulacrum
mental image
ikon
trope
representation
persona
rhetorical device
impression
paradigm
range
range of a function
prototype
view

indicator
stage
floor
structure
rank
horizontal surface
altitude
storey
stratum
spirit level
degree
surface
point
grade
property
layer
story
place
state
tier
volume
amount
even
section
standard
status

second , just as dear 's image of a few hundred ' young black criminal ' be use to explain what happen in handsworth , the problem of drug be use to explain what happen at a national level .

RB , RB IN NNP POS NN IN DT JJ CD `` JJ JJ NNS '' VBD VBN TO VB WP VBD IN NNP , DT NN IN NNS VBD VBN TO VB WP VBD IN DT JJ NN .

ADV O ADV O NOUN O NOUN O O ADJ O O ADJ ADJ NOUN O VERB VERB O VERB O VERB O NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN VERB VERB O VERB O VERB O O ADJ NOUN O


The issue of drugs provided an everyday image , already a national issue through saturation media coverage and public debate , around which the police , the Home Office , and other institutions could depoliticize the riots .

appearance
epitome
icon
set
figure of speech
figure
look-alike
model
person
effigy
double
simulacrum
mental image
ikon
trope
picture
persona
rhetorical device
impression
paradigm
range
range of a function
prototype
view

permeation
chroma
vividness
condition
impregnation
filling
intensity
color property

the issue of drug provide an everyday image , already a national issue through saturation medium coverage and public debate , around which the police , the home office , and other institution could depoliticize the riot .

DT NN IN NNS VBN DT JJ NN , RB DT JJ NN IN NN NNS NN CC JJ NN , IN WDT DT NN , DT NNP NNP , CC JJ NNS MD VB DT NNS .

O NOUN O NOUN VERB O ADJ NOUN O ADV O ADJ NOUN O NOUN NOUN NOUN O ADJ NOUN O O O O NOUN O O NOUN NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O VERB O NOUN O


The Chief Constable for the West Midlands , Geoffrey Dear , took this argument further by pointing out that the day before the riots a successful carnival had taken place , with the support of local community leaders .

controlling
channelising
channelizing
designating
repairing
leveling
luffing
showing
targeting
change shape
manoeuvring
being
guiding
charging
signaling
betokening
telling
repointing
directing
sharpening
maneuvering
informing
bespeaking
orienting
lying
sailing
heading
manoeuvering
steering
indicating
placing
tagging
aiming
tapering
say it
expressing

endure a challenge bravely and without complaint

operation
financial backing
keep
backup
aid
validation
backing
influence
financial support
sustenance
musical accompaniment
part
living
bread and butter
supporting structure
funding
reinforcement
livelihood
accompaniment
device
supporting
reenforcement
activity
documentation
resource
help
approval
back
financial backing

the chief constable for the west midlands , geoffrey dear , take this argument far by point out that the day before the riot a successful carnival have take place , with the support of local community leader .

DT NNP NNP IN DT NNP NNP , NNP NNP , VBD DT NN RB IN VBG RP IN DT NN IN DT NNS DT JJ NN VBD VBN NN , IN DT NN IN JJ NN NNS .

O NOUN NOUN O O NOUN NOUN O NOUN NOUN O VERB O NOUN ADV O VERB O O O NOUN O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN VERB VERB NOUN O O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN NOUN O


He drew the conclusion from this that the riot ‘ came like a bolt out of the blue ’ ( Guardian , 21 November 1985 ) .

lined
described
wrote
marked
chose
removed
dragged
cast
pulled back
took in
attracted
threaded
change shape
was
pulled out
soaked up
guided
got out
shaped
travelled
arranged
forced
traced
equalled
eviscerated
created by mental act
withdrew
killed
drew off
absorbed
moved
set forth
closed
sucked
ran
steeped
derived
pulled in
passed
aroused
got
created
drew and quarter
took out
delineated
tied
represented
took up
effected
imbibed
changed
depicted
quartered
drew in
disembowelled
localized
puffed
inhaled
sop up
strung
pulled
sucked up
necessitated
reaped
stretched
thinned
illustrated
deduced
defined
relied
obtained
brought
lost
reasoned
inferred
demarcated
used
set the limit

existed
numbered
came in
was
arrived
travelled
fell
ranked
added up
hailed
ran
got along
derived
got
became
totalled
proceeded
originated
descended
did
came up
amounted
experienced
changed
followed
happened
made out
issue forth
resulted
fared
triumphed
obtained
sell for
left
developed
returned
agreed
verbalise
decided
considered
appeared
briefly exist
resounded
reported
published
shined
established
resonated
moved
exposed
recalled
proposed
began
encourage yourself
follow i
walked
it be skeptical
started
i be impatient
i agree
be successful
produced
elapsed
shared
felt
i be skeptical
saw
encountered
be low the rank of
entered
encouragement
appoache
attained
tell truth
reached
quit

bolt of lightning
deadbolt
lightning
haste
roll
abandonment
dash
bar
thunderbolt
screw
downhearted
drab
racy
disconsolate
blasphemous
dreary
drear
blue-blooded
puritanic
patrician
profane
gamy
gloomy
juicy
puritanical
low
dismal
down
gamey
dark
dispirited
naughty
blueish
downcast
low-spirited
risque
gentle
aristocratic
depressed
dingy
aristocratical
sorry
down in the mouth
grim
bluish
spicy

he draw the conclusion from this that the riot ' come like a bolt out of the blue ' ( guardian , 21 november 1985 ) .

PRP VBD DT NN IN DT IN DT NN `` VBD IN DT NN IN IN DT JJ '' -LRB- NNP , CD NNP CD -RRB- .

O VERB O NOUN O O O O NOUN O VERB O O NOUN O O O ADJ O O NOUN O O NOUN O O O


Such language focused attention on the individuals or groups who were ‘ breaking the law ’ , ‘ committing criminal acts ’ , and threatening the interests of the law-abiding ‘ majority ’ .

directed violating perpetrating jeopardising

centred sharpened riveted concentrated focalise pored adjusted concenter aligned concentre thought focalize centered featured fixated described

damping
destroying
switching
wearing out
breaching
detaching
divulging
letting on
appearing
telling
softening
coming apart
cracking
checking
intermitting
ruining
changing integrity
breaking away
bettering
bursting
collapsing
damaging
expressing emotion
decaying
falling apart
breaking in
escaping
splitting up
diphthongizing
disrespecting
giving away
separating
discovering
revealing
unwrapping
getting out
conk out
parting
developing
recrudesce
busting
demoting
becoming
weakening
infract
snapping off
fracturing
ending
giving out
kicking downstairs
penetrating
happening
foundering
failing
exposing
going
trespassing
splitting
coming forth
invalidating
domesticating
surpassing
giving way
smashing
relegating
changing state
dampening
bumping
disclosing
stopping
breaking down
letting out
getting around
delegating
break dance
bankrupting
breaking off
bringing out
impoverishing
offending
decreasing
erupting
breaking up
caving in
giving
interrupting
dispersing
injuring
discontinuing
solving
breaking out
going against
transgressing
falling in
shooting
pausing
deadening
break-dance
changing
wearing
fleeing
dying
dancing
going bad
dismantling
disregarding
persuading
departing
removing
diminishing
deciphering
be false
different from before
terminating
suddenly show

practicing putting consecrating confiding investing giving charging dedicating using institutionalizing sending intrusting entrusting spending passing institutionalising acting pulling placing devoting trusting prosecuting transferring dropping perpertrate engaging

endangering warning boding peril existing imperiling menacing jeopardizing likely

such language focus attention on the individual or group who be ' break the law ' , ' commit criminal act ' , and threaten the interest of the law-abiding ' majority ' .

JJ NN VBD NN IN DT NNS CC NNS WP VBD `` VBG DT NN '' , `` VBG JJ NNS '' , CC VBG DT NNS IN DT NNP `` NN '' .

ADJ NOUN VERB NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN O VERB O VERB O NOUN O O O VERB ADJ NOUN O O O VERB O NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN O O


potential applications

Requests
Submissions
Forms
Petitions
Uses
Purposes
Objectives
Goals
Functions
Request
Coating
Use
Manual labor
Program
Effort
Diligence
Action
Practical application
Covering
Remedy
Applications programme
Lotion
Application program


Given the extent to which geographic information management is applications driven , it is important to consider in some depth the characteristics of some potential application fields .

magnitude utilizations analyze detail utilization matters

requests
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uses
manual labors
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battlefields
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give the extent to which geographic information management be application drive , it be important to consider in some depth the characteristic of some potential application field .

VBN DT NN IN WDT JJ NN NN VBZ NNS VBN , PRP VBZ JJ TO VB IN DT NN DT NNS IN DT JJ NN NNS .

VERB O NOUN O O ADJ NOUN NOUN VERB NOUN VERB O O VERB ADJ O VERB O O NOUN O NOUN O O ADJ NOUN NOUN O


In situations of this kind provisions governing access and format may exert powerful constraints on the use that can be made of these data .

circumstances preparations regulating permissions maintain authoritative created

billets
sites
difficulties
positions
spots
berths
states of affairs
conditions
posts
places
states
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offices
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matters
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stores supply plannings conditions activities provisos thinkings supplying

controlling regularising regularizing deciding necessitating ordering ruling

operation
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muscular hefty sinewy knock-down herculean brawny potent effective influential compelling strong mighty

stimulated
named
taken in
gained
crapped
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produced
induced
scored
ca-ca
passed
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caused
assembled
wee-wee
defecated
laid down
thrown
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hit
taken
nominated
taken a shit
realized
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developed
looked
cleared
relieved oneself
established
earned
pulled in
reached
made
become
constructed
totalled
readied
had
amounted
made believed
headed
fixed
guaranteed
realised
been
pee-pee
prepared
passed water
stool
cooked
shit
seen
peed
made water
made up
arrived at
held
piddled
attained
achieved
built
appointed
given
taken a leak
perpetrated
excreted
formed
estimated
wee
taken a crap
brought in
urinated
constituted
directed
drawn
worked
performed
progress to
acted
done
persuaded
changed
tidied
gotten to
ensured
suggested
required
filled
confirmed
offered
experienced
suited
forced
accomplished
shaped
provided
accomplish it
improved
displayed
clarified
encouraged
said
creaye
acquired
inferred
comprised
inclusive
deduced
run
planned
led
believed
chosen
written
indicated
collected
walked
contributed
coped
implied
determined
compelled
presented
submitted
understanding
understood
requested
approximated
helped
allowed
copulated
elicited
arrived
decided
gain attention
achieve desire result
generated
incurred

in situation of this kind provision govern access and format may exert powerful constraint on the use that can be make of these datum .

IN NNS IN DT JJ NNS VBG NN CC NN MD VB JJ NNS IN DT NN WDT MD VB VBN IN DT NNS .

O NOUN O O ADJ NOUN VERB NOUN O NOUN O VERB ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O O VERB VERB O O NOUN O


The first four chapters in this part examine issues relating to geographic information handling in terms of four potential applications fields .

section analyse management utilizations matters

line
region
location
parting
percentage
portion
division
component
duty
concern
thing
portrayal
concept
theatrical role
assets
share
relation
persona
constituent
component part
piece
object
character
voice
function
attempt
role
contribution
tune
office
include
factor
a component
chapter
group
involvement

evaluate
question
see
study
test
try out
essay
prove
probe
try
canvass
analyze
canvas
investigate
analysis

doing by
controlling
plowing
touching
treating
interacting
managing
broaching
manipulating
palming
caring
dealing
wielding
covering
addressing
answering
conducting

the first four chapter in this part examine issue relate to geographic information handle in term of four potential application field .

DT JJ CD NNS IN DT NN NN NNS VBG IN JJ NN VBG IN NNS IN CD JJ NNS NNS .

O ADJ O NOUN O O NOUN NOUN NOUN VERB O ADJ NOUN VERB O NOUN O O ADJ NOUN NOUN O


The authors were asked to review the current state of the art in their fields with particular reference to the likely requirements of the future policy issues agenda in terms of the demands that they make on geographic information management .

commonwealth
attribute
Department of State
political unit
administrative district
emotional state
department of state
state of matter
chemical phenomenon
res publica
nation
province
country
United States Department of State
State Department
executive department
DoS
government
body politic
land
condition
circumstance
say
graphics
visual communication
artistic production
artwork
fine art
creation
superior skill
artistry
nontextual matter
artistic creation
prowess

battlefields
regions
athletic fields
theatres of operations
arenas
forces fields
fields of operations
plains
sets
fields of operations
fields of views
theatres
theaters
subjects
tracts
studies
subjects fields
commercial enterprises
theaters of operations
landings fields
airfields
lines of businesses
fields of honors
champaigns
subjects areas
areas
playing areas
battlegrounds
physical phenomena
geographical areas
disciplines
fields of studies
facilities
environments
visual percepts
fields of battles
bailiwicks
orbits
flying fields
playing fields
fields of forces
spheres
lands
scopes
social sector
matters
attributes
force field

stimulate
name
take in
gain
crap
puddle
piss
produce
induce
score
ca-ca
pass
get
cause
assemble
wee-wee
defecate
lay down
throw
micturate
hit
take
nominate
take a shit
realize
spend a penny
seduce
pretend
develop
look
clear
relieve oneself
create from raw material
earn
pull in
reach
make
become
construct
total
ready
've
amount
make believe
head
fix
guarantee
realise
are
pee-pee
prepare
pass water
stool
create by mental act
cook
shit
see
pee
make water
make up
arrive at
hold
piddle
attain
achieve
build
appoint
give
take a leak
perpetrate
excrete
form
estimate
wee
take a crap
bring in
urinate
constitute
direct
draw
work
create
perform
progress to
act
do
persuade
change
tidy
get to
ensure
suggest
require
fill
confirm
offer
experience
suit
force
accomplish
shape
provide
accomplish it
improve
display
clarify
encourage
say
creaye
acquire
infer
comprise
inclusive
deduce
run
plan
lead
believe
choose
write
indicate
collect
walk
contribute
cope
imply
determine
compel
present
submit
understanding
understand
request
approximate
help
allow
copulate
elicit
arrive
decide
gain attention
achieve desire result
generate
incur

the author be ask to review the current state of the art in their field with particular reference to the likely requirement of the future policy issue agenda in term of the demand that they make on geographic information management .

DT NNS VBD VBN TO VB DT JJ NN IN DT NN IN PRP$ NNS IN JJ NN IN DT JJ NNS IN DT JJ NN NNS NN IN NNS IN DT NNS WDT PRP VBP IN JJ NN NN .

O NOUN VERB VERB O VERB O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O O ADJ NOUN NOUN NOUN O NOUN O O NOUN O O VERB O ADJ NOUN NOUN O


In this way the chapters in this part present a number of perspectives which essentially complement and amplify the discussion in the previous part .

manner section introduce viewpoints intensify topics section

journey
means
path
room
implementation
style
fashion
position
course
condition
distance
share
category
artifact
mode
property
choice
elbow room
direction
way of life
agency
mean
strategy
method
life
possibility
solution
effectuation
selection

exhibit
stage
allocate
face
show
gift
portray
demo
award
give
re-create
acquaint
deliver
constitute
greet
inform
lay out
pose
represent
salute
demonstrate
confront
state
submit
talk
indicate
write

appearances
positions
orientations
linear perspectives
views
aspects
opinions

overdraw
blow up
magnify
exaggerate
increase
misinform
hyperbolize
expand
overstate
inflate
enlarge
hyperbolise

discourse word give-and-take treatment speech communication matter analysis

in this way the chapter in this part present a number of perspective which essentially complement and amplify the discussion in the previous part .

IN DT NN DT NNS IN DT NN VBP DT NN IN NNS WDT RB VBP CC VB DT NN IN DT JJ NN .

O O NOUN O NOUN O O NOUN VERB O NOUN O NOUN O ADV VERB O VERB O NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O


In this case , however , methodological issues are tackled from a largely user standpoint , whereas in the previous part they were viewed as substantive problems in their own right .

attacked
harnessed
confronted
undertaken
taken on
attached
reduced
improved

reckoned
watched
regarded
looked at
seen
caught
thought
taken in
analyzed
experienced

in this case , however , methodological issue be tackle from a largely user standpoint , whereas in the previous part they be view as substantive problem in their own right .

IN DT NN , RB , JJ NNS VBP VBN IN DT RB NN NN , IN IN DT JJ NN PRP VBD VBN IN JJ NNS IN PRP$ JJ NN .

O O NOUN O ADV O ADJ NOUN VERB VERB O O ADV NOUN NOUN O O O O ADJ NOUN O VERB VERB O ADJ NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O


There are important differences between the chapters in this part both in the nature of the demands that they make on geographic information and also in the relative importance that is attached to geographic criteria as against other issues by planners and decision-makers in these fields .

causal agent
trait
universe
quality
feature
existence
environment
cause

there be important difference between the chapter in this part both in the nature of the demand that they make on geographic information and also in the relative importance that be attach to geographic criterion as against other issue by planner and decision-maker in these field .

EX VBP JJ NNS IN DT NNS IN DT NN CC IN DT NN IN DT NNS WDT PRP VBP IN JJ NN CC RB IN DT JJ NN WDT VBZ VBN IN JJ NNS IN IN JJ NNS IN NNS CC NNS IN DT NNS .

O VERB ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O O NOUN O O O NOUN O O NOUN O O VERB O ADJ NOUN O ADV O O ADJ NOUN O VERB VERB O ADJ NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O O NOUN O


A major feature of these applications is the extent to which they involve overlays of a variety of information drawn from different sources on a topographic map base .

characteristic utilizations degree layers obtained system

merchandise
feature of speech
property
body part
lineament
feature article
movie
feature film
article
attribute

requests
coatings
uses
manual labors
programs
efforts
diligences
actions
practical applications
coverings
remedies
applications programmes
lotions
applications programs
utilisations
usages

decorations
protective coverings
sheathings

lined
described
written
marked
chosen
removed
dragged
cast
pulled back
taken in
attracted
threaded
change shape
been
pulled out
soaked up
guided
gotten out
shaped
travelled
arranged
forced
traced
equalled
eviscerated
created by mental act
withdrawn
killed
drawn off
absorbed
moved
set forth
closed
sucked
run
steeped
derived
pulled in
passed
aroused
made
gotten
created
drawn and quarter
taken out
delineated
tied
represented
taken up
effected
imbibed
changed
depicted
quartered
drawn in
disemboweled
localized
puffed
inhaled
sop up
strung
pulled
sucked up
necessitated
reaped
stretched
thinned
illustrated
deduced
defined
relied
brought
lost
reasoned
inferred
demarcated
used
set the limit

control
store
location
support
compound
al-Qaeda
foot
foundation
number
root
assumption
radix
bottom
cornerstone
alkali
ester
floor
military installation
stand
basis
pedestal
nucleotide
Qaeda
al-Qaida
electrode
form
part
al-qaeda
bag
root word
understructure
al-Qa'ida
radical
infrastructure
ingredient
base of operations
theme
substructure
flank
home
fundament
baseball equipment
stem
groundwork

a major feature of these application be the extent to which they involve overlay of a variety of information draw from different source on a topographic map base .

DT JJ NN IN DT NNS VBZ DT NN TO WDT PRP VBP NNS IN DT NN IN NN VBN IN JJ NNS IN DT JJ NN NN .

O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN VERB O NOUN O O O VERB NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN VERB O ADJ NOUN O O ADJ NOUN NOUN O


The range of data sets involved and the demands that are made on GIS technology in applications of this kind are often more limited than those of previous applications fields .

scope said utilizations utilizations scopes

compass
kitchen range
set
stove
range of mountains
tract
capability
ambit
chain
chain of mountains
kitchen appliance
orbit
cooking stove
kitchen stove
extent
reach
mountain range
image
grasp
geological formation
facility
limit
mountain chain
range of a function
assortment
number
group
variety
myraid
myriad

stimulated
named
taken in
gained
crapped
puddled
pissed
produced
induced
scored
ca-ca
passed
gotten
caused
assembled
wee-wee
defecated
laid down
thrown
micturate
hit
taken
nominated
taken a shit
realized
spent a penny
seduced
pretended
developed
looked
cleared
relieved oneself
created from raw material
established
earned
pulled in
reached
made
become
constructed
totalled
readied
had
amounted
made believed
headed
fixed
guaranteed
realised
been
pee-pee
prepared
passed water
stool
created by mental act
cooked
shit
seen
peed
made water
made up
arrived at
held
piddled
attained
achieved
built
appointed
given
taken a leak
perpetrated
excreted
formed
estimated
wee
taken a crap
brought in
urinated
constituted
directed
drawn
worked
created
performed
progress to
acted
done
persuaded
changed
tidied
gotten to
ensured
suggested
required
filled
confirmed
offered
experienced
suited
forced
accomplished
shaped
provided
accomplish it
improved
displayed
clarified
encouraged
creaye
acquired
inferred
comprised
inclusive
deduced
run
planned
led
believed
chosen
written
indicated
collected
walked
contributed
coped
implied
determined
compelled
presented
submitted
understanding
understood
requested
approximated
helped
allowed
copulated
elicited
arrived
decided
gain attention
achieve desire result
generated
incurred

battlefields
regions
athletic fields
theatres of operations
arenas
forces fields
fields of operations
plains
sets
fields of operations
fields of views
theatres
domains
theaters
subjects
tracts
studies
subjects fields
commercial enterprises
theaters of operations
landings fields
airfields
lines of businesses
fields of honors
champaigns
subjects areas
areas
playing areas
battlegrounds
physical phenomena
geographical areas
disciplines
knowledges domains
fields of studies
facilities
environments
visual percepts
fields of battles
bailiwicks
orbits
flying fields
playing fields
fields of forces
spheres
lands
social sector
matters
attributes
force field

the range of datum set involve and the demand that be make on gis technology in application of this kind be often more limited than those of previous application field .

DT NN IN NNS NNS VBN CC DT NNS WDT VBP VBN IN NN NN IN NNS IN DT NN VBP RB RBR JJ IN DT IN JJ NNS NNS .

O NOUN O NOUN NOUN VERB O O NOUN O VERB VERB O NOUN NOUN O NOUN O O NOUN VERB ADV ADV ADJ O O O ADJ NOUN NOUN O


Rhind 's chapter on environmental monitoring and prediction discusses the role of geographic information management in promoting sustainable development on a global scale in the context of the issues identified in the Brundtland report .

hashes out
talks over
discourses
talk of
covers
talks about
addresses
reviews
deals

duty
persona
function
utility
use
character
portrayal
part
activity
office
theatrical role
position

indicator
weighing machine
plate
ordered series
bit
shield
leaf
proportion
shell
measuring instrument
musical notation
graduated table
exfoliation
scale of measurement
scurf
musical scale
standard
scale leaf
magnitude relation
covering
scope
measurement
magnitude

denoted
associated
key out
recognized
described
seen
named
determined
placed
distinguished
discovered
keyed
related
chosen

rhind 's chapter on environmental monitoring and prediction discuss the role of geographic information management in promote sustainable development on a global scale in the context of the issue identify in the brundtland report .

NN POS NN IN JJ NN CC NN VBZ DT NN IN JJ NN NN IN VBG JJ NN IN DT JJ NN IN DT NN IN DT NNS VBN IN DT NNP NN .

NOUN O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O NOUN VERB O NOUN O ADJ NOUN NOUN O VERB ADJ NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O O NOUN VERB O O NOUN NOUN O


It points to the impact that the findings of global environmental research are likely to have on most sectors of the UK economy .

controls
channelises
channelizes
designates
repair
level
luff
shows
targets
change shape
manoeuvre
is
guide
charges
signals
betokens
tells
repoint
directs
sharpens
maneuver
informs
bespeaks
orients
lies
sails
heads
manoeuvers
steers
places
tags
aims
tapers
mentions
say it
expresses

impingement contact shock wallop fight consequence encroachment influence effect outcome result

take
stimulate
birth
have got
sleep together
accept
own
feature
take in
ingest
give
give birth
produce
deliver
induce
direct
undergo
score
interact
receive
bear
get
make
cause
suffer
experience
hold
possess
change
consume
throw
sustain
let
home
display
feel
observe
consist
posse
situate
drink
enjoy
organise
watch
provide
define
include
retain
find
attain
contain
host
think
eat
bring
implement
attempt
see
not be involve in
be not involve in
hide
employ
do
coach
house
celebrate
build
endure
play
force
be
imagine
should
give brith

it point to the impact that the finding of global environmental research be likely to have on most sector of the uk economy .

PRP VBZ IN DT NN WDT DT NNS IN JJ JJ NN VBP JJ TO VB IN JJS NNS IN DT NNP NN .

O VERB O O NOUN O O NOUN O ADJ ADJ NOUN VERB ADJ O VERB O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN NOUN O


This contribution also indicates the wide variety of groups that are involved in monitoring environmental change and draws attention to the role that the European Community is increasingly playing in co-ordinating these efforts .

effort diverse attracts purpose representing organising

attempt sum publication part giving gift donation share improvement

encompassing
all-embracing
blanket
across-the-board
panoptic
wide of the mark
wide-cut
all-inclusive
all-encompassing
extensive
full
broad
wide-eyed
spacious
encompass
inclusive
other
large
emcompasse
all-encompasse

lines
describes
writes
marks
chooses
removes
drags
casts
pulls back
takes in
thread
change shape
is
pulls out
soaks up
guide
gets out
shapes
travels
arranges
forces
traces
equals
eviscerates
creates by mental act
withdraws
kills
draws off
absorbs
moves
sets forth
closes
sucks
runs
steeps
derives
pulls in
passes
arouses
makes
gets
creates
draws and quarter
takes out
delineates
ties
represents
takes up
effect
imbibes
changes
depicts
quarter
draws in
disembowels
localizes
puffs
inhales
sop up
strings
pulls
sucks up
necessitates
reaps
stretches
thins
illustrates
deduces
defines
relies
obtains
brings
loses
reasons
infers
demarcates
uses
set the limit

exploiting
competing
trifling
dallying
exhausting
deploying
wagering
taking on
flirting
simulating
re-creating
travelling
using
roleplaying
wreaking
manipulating
considering
toying
acting as
moving
discharging
running
playacting
bringing
gambling
working
making
performing
recreating
spiel
sounding
acting
meeting
encountering
betting
diddling
making for
hitting
fiddling
take foolish risk
underestimating
having
end up benefit their overlord
trying
producing
contributing

ordinating arranging managing adjusting aligning organizing meeting

this contribution also indicate the wide variety of group that be involve in monitor environmental change and draw attention to the role that the european community be increasingly play in coordinate these effort .

DT NN RB VBZ DT JJ NN IN NNS WDT VBP VBN IN VBG JJ NN CC VBZ NN IN DT NN WDT DT NNP NNP VBZ RB VBG IN VBG DT NNS .

O NOUN ADV VERB O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O VERB VERB O VERB ADJ NOUN O VERB NOUN O O NOUN O O NOUN NOUN VERB ADV VERB O VERB O NOUN O


One of the examples of work in progress discusses research that has been carried out for the European Commission as part of the CORINE Project .

advance
advancement
onward motion
change of location
motion
forward motion
procession
progression

hashes out
talks over
discourses
talk of
covers
talks about
addresses
explains
deals

line
region
location
parting
percentage
portion
division
duty
concern
thing
portrayal
concept
theatrical role
assets
share
relation
persona
constituent
piece
object
character
section
voice
function
attempt
role
contribution
tune
office
include
factor
chapter
group
involvement

one of the example of work in progress discuss research that have be carry out for the european commission as part of the corine project .

CD IN DT NNS IN NN IN NN VBZ NN WDT VBZ VBN VBN RP IN DT NNP NNP IN NN IN DT NNP NNP .

O O O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN VERB NOUN O VERB VERB VERB O O O NOUN NOUN O NOUN O O NOUN NOUN O


This highlights the challenges for research in a field categorized by a lack of data for some countries , varying definitions and standards in use , and unreasonably high user expectations .

emphasized problems subject criterions stringent

foregrounds
makes up
spotlights
brings out
plays up
shows

situations
questionings
demands
speeches acts
objections
hard situation
competitions

battlefield
region
athletic field
theatre of operations
arena
force field
field of operation
plain
set
field of operations
field of view
theatre
domain
theater
tract
study
commercial enterprise
theater of operations
landing field
airfield
line of business
field of honor
champaign
area
playing area
battleground
physical phenomenon
geographical area
discipline
knowledge domain
field of study
facility
environment
visual percept
field of battle
bailiwick
orbit
flying field
playing field
field of force
sphere
land
scope
social sector
matter
attribute
force field

ideals
monetary standards
values
volumes units
systems of measurements
measures
posts
banners
flags
touchstones
guidelines
requirements
qualities

in high spirits
gamey
mellow
gamy
eminent
high-pitched
exorbitant
large
professional
maximum
significant
increase
serious
tall
excessive
peak
positive
cheerfuly
important
good
great
costly
expensive
elite
severe
inflate
new
overprice
without support
tertiary
hot
strong
well
pleasure

this highlight the challenge for research in a field categorize by a lack of datum for some country , vary definition and standard in use , and unreasonably high user expectation .

DT VBZ DT NNS IN NN IN DT NN VBN IN DT NN IN NNS IN DT NNS , VBG NNS CC NNS IN NN , CC RB JJ NN NNS .

O VERB O NOUN O NOUN O O NOUN VERB O O NOUN O NOUN O O NOUN O VERB NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O O ADV ADJ NOUN NOUN O


In Chapter 10 Gatrell and Vincent consider a wide range of natural and technological hazards including industrial hazards , risk assessment , hazardous waste disposal , emergency planning , natural hazards and environmental epidemiology .

in chapter 10 gatrell and vincent consider a wide range of natural and technological hazard include industrial hazard , risk assessment , hazardous waste disposal , emergency planning , natural hazard and environmental epidemiology .

IN NN CD NNP CC NNP VBP DT JJ NN IN JJ CC JJ NNS VBG JJ NNS , NN NN , JJ NN NN , NN NN , JJ NNS CC JJ NN .

O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN VERB O ADJ NOUN O ADJ O ADJ NOUN VERB ADJ NOUN O NOUN NOUN O ADJ NOUN NOUN O NOUN NOUN O ADJ NOUN O ADJ NOUN O


To model the dispersal of a plume of toxic gas generated by a chemical explosion and its impact on the surrounding area , for example , an understanding of atmospheric dispersion models , epidemiology and population distribution would be required .

to model the dispersal of a plume of toxic gas generate by a chemical explosion and its impact on the surround area , for example , an understanding of atmospheric dispersion model , epidemiology and population distribution would be require .

TO VB DT NN IN DT NN IN JJ NN VBN IN DT NN NN CC PRP$ NN IN DT VBG NN , IN NN , DT NN IN JJ NN NNS , NN CC NN NN MD VB VBN .

O VERB O NOUN O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN VERB O O NOUN NOUN O O NOUN O O VERB NOUN O O NOUN O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN NOUN O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O VERB VERB O


Like most of the other contributors to this section , Gatrell and Vincent see decision support systems as a major area for future development in the geographic information management field .

like most of the other contributor to this section , gatrell and vincent see decision support system as a major area for future development in the geographic information management field .

IN JJS IN DT JJ NNS IN DT NN , NNP CC NNP VBP NN NN NNS IN DT JJ NN IN JJ NN IN DT JJ NN NN NN .

O ADJ O O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN VERB NOUN NOUN NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O ADJ NOUN O O ADJ NOUN NOUN NOUN O


Given that ‘ most GIS are rather dumb systems , requiring intelligent , very computer literate users ’ , managing natural and technological hazards means that this knowledge base must be built into the system so that it can be utilized quickly by untrained users after a disaster has taken place or in an emergency .

give that ' most gis be rather dumb system , require intelligent , very computer literate user ' , manage natural and technological hazard mean that this knowledge base must be build into the system so that it can be utilize quickly by untrained user after a disaster have take place or in an emergency .

VBN IN `` JJS NN VBP RB JJ NNS , VBG JJ , RB NN JJ NNS '' , VBG JJ CC JJ NNS VBZ IN DT NN NN MD VB VBN IN DT NN IN IN PRP MD VB VBN RB IN JJ NNS IN DT NN VBZ VBN NN CC IN DT NN .

VERB O O ADJ NOUN VERB ADV ADJ NOUN O VERB ADJ O ADV NOUN ADJ NOUN O O VERB ADJ O ADJ NOUN VERB O O NOUN NOUN O VERB VERB O O NOUN O O O O VERB VERB ADV O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN VERB VERB NOUN O O O NOUN O


These include not only central and local government but also major utility companies and transport suppliers .

these include not only central and local government but also major utility company and transport supplier .

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In addition to these data requirements , such users are also interested in developing their capabilities for modelling the changing relationships between the supply and demand for infrastructure in the context of both public and private sector decision-making .

in addition to these datum requirement , such user be also interested in develop their capability for model the change relationship between the supply and demand for infrastructure in the context of both public and private sector decision-make .

IN NN IN DT NNS NNS , JJ NNS VBP RB JJ IN VBG PRP$ NNS IN VBG DT VBG NNS IN DT NN CC NN IN NN IN DT NN IN CC JJ CC JJ NN VBG .

O NOUN O O NOUN NOUN O ADJ NOUN VERB ADV ADJ O VERB O NOUN O VERB O VERB NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O O NOUN O O ADJ O ADJ NOUN VERB O


Shepherd , more than any other contributor to this section , draws attention to the extent to which current efforts in the geographic information management field are constrained by the highly fragmented nature of both data suppliers and users both in sectoral and spatial terms , the great diversity of data sets in varying formats and the difficulties presented by institutional factors such as copyright provision , data ownership and the control of access to data .

shepherd , more than any other contributor to this section , draw attention to the extent to which current effort in the geographic information management field be constrain by the highly fragmented nature of both data supplier and user both in sectoral and spatial term , the great diversity of datum set in vary format and the difficulty present by institutional factor such as copyright provision , datum ownership and the control of access to datum .

NNP , JJR IN DT JJ NN IN DT NN , VBZ NN IN DT NN TO WDT JJ NNS IN DT JJ NN NN NN VBP VBN IN DT RB JJ NN IN DT NN NNS CC NNS CC IN JJ CC JJ NNS , DT JJ NN IN NNS NNS IN VBG NNS CC DT NNS VBN IN JJ NNS JJ IN NN NN , NNS NN CC DT NN IN NN IN NNS .

NOUN O ADJ O O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O VERB NOUN O O NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O O ADJ NOUN NOUN NOUN VERB VERB O O ADV ADJ NOUN O O NOUN NOUN O NOUN O O ADJ O ADJ NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O NOUN NOUN O VERB NOUN O O NOUN VERB O ADJ NOUN ADJ O NOUN NOUN O NOUN NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O


Digital data occupy a central position in this applications field and a number of examples are given to illustrate the extent to which their development has been hampered or facilitated in various countries by the policies of the organizations with responsibility for digital data provision .

digital datum occupy a central position in this application field and a number of example be give to illustrate the extent to which their development have be hamper or facilitated in various country by the policy of the organization with responsibility for digital datum provision .

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In Chapter 12 Brown reviews the development of geodemographics from its origins in the computer-based social area analysis of US census tract data from 1950 onwards .

in chapter 12 brown review the development of geodemographic from its origin in the computer-based social area analysis of us census tract datum from 1950 onwards .

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Brown demonstrates the extent to which the growth of research activities in this field has led to the emergence of improved cluster analytic methods for the multidimensional classification of people according to the type of area in which they live .

brown demonstrate the extent to which the growth of research activity in this field have lead to the emergence of improve cluster analytic method for the multidimensional classification of people accord to the type of area in which they live .

NNP VBZ DT NN TO WDT DT NN IN NN NNS IN DT NN VBZ VBN IN DT NN IN VBN NN JJ NNS IN DT JJ NN IN NNS VBG IN DT NN IN NN IN WDT PRP VBP .

NOUN VERB O NOUN O O O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O O NOUN VERB VERB O O NOUN O VERB NOUN ADJ NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O NOUN VERB O O NOUN O NOUN O O O VERB O


In the last part of this contribution , Brown identifies a number of priorities for future research .

in the last part of this contribution , brown identify a number of priority for future research .

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Spatial linkages also feature prominently in Brown 's discussion which amplifies many of the points made in the earlier contribution from Openshaw in Chapter 3 .

spatial linkage also feature prominently in brown 's discussion which amplify many of the point make in the early contribution from openshaw in chapter 3 .

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This is particularly important in a field where many of the demands made by users are highly specialized in nature .

this be particularly important in a field where many of the demand make by user be highly specialized in nature .

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In summary , then , as fig. 8.1 shows , many of the issues raised by this review of geographic information handling in the four potential application fields are essentially complementary to those discussed in the part on methodological developments .

in summary , then , as fig. 8.1 show , many of the issue raise by this review of geographic information handle in the four potential application field be essentially complementary to those discuss in the part on methodological development .

IN NN , RB , IN NNP CD NNS , JJ IN DT NNS VBN IN DT NN IN JJ NN VBG IN DT CD JJ NN NNS VBP RB JJ IN DT VBN IN DT NN IN JJ NNS .

O NOUN O ADV O O NOUN O NOUN O ADJ O O NOUN VERB O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN VERB O O O ADJ NOUN NOUN VERB ADV ADJ O O VERB O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O


Spatial analysis features particularly prominent on the research agenda relating to natural and technological hazards and geodemographics .

spatial analysis feature particularly prominent on the research agenda relate to natural and technological hazard and geodemographic .

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Questions relating to data integration emerge as being particularly critical in terms of environmental monitoring and settlement and infrastructure applications .

question relate to data integration emerge as be particularly critical in term of environmental monitoring and settlement and infrastructure application .

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NOUN VERB O NOUN NOUN VERB O VERB ADV ADJ O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O


Spatial linkages and questions relating to spatial representation feature prominently in the settlements and infrastructure and geodemographics fields .

spatial linkage and question relate to spatial representation feature prominently in the settlement and infrastructure and geodemographic field .

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ADJ NOUN O NOUN VERB O ADJ NOUN NOUN ADV O O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O


Finally , in all applications fields , the findings of the reviews above suggest that there is a need for improvements in user interfaces of all kinds .

finally , in all application field , the finding of the review above suggest that there be a need for improvement in user interface of all kind .

RB , IN DT NNS NNS , DT NNS IN DT NNS IN VBP IN EX VBZ DT NN IN NNS IN NN NNS IN DT NNS .

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This is particularly evident in the demand for the development of knowledge-based decision support systems and modelling capabilities .

this be particularly evident in the demand for the development of knowledge-based decision support system and modelling capability .

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The final chapter in this section rounds off the discussion of applications-related research with an examination of organizational issues that need to be taken account of in handling geographic information .

the final chapter in this section round off the discussion of applications-related research with an examination of organizational issue that need to be take account of in handle geographic information .

DT JJ NN IN DT NN VBZ IN DT NN IN JJ NN IN DT NN IN JJ NNS WDT VBP TO VB VBN NN IN IN VBG JJ NN .

O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN VERB O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O VERB O VERB VERB NOUN O O VERB ADJ NOUN O


Campbell presents a conceptual framework for the analysis of the organizational issues involved in the development and implementation of GIS .

campbell present a conceptual framework for the analysis of the organizational issue involve in the development and implementation of gis .

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Campbell discusses the role of geographic information in organizations and the process of GIS diffusion drawing upon research from a variety of social science disciplines .

campbell discuss the role of geographic information in organization and the process of gis diffusion draw upon research from a variety of social science discipline .

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The findings of the analysis are summarized in two sets of research questions for all applications fields .

the finding of the analysis be summarize in two set of research question for all application field .

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In this way she sets out a research agenda for applications-related research which serves a similar function to the spatial analysis research agenda set out by Openshaw at the beginning of Part Two .

in this way she set out a research agenda for applications-related research which serve a similar function to the spatial analysis research agenda set out by openshaw at the beginning of part two .

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This awareness is most obviously manifested by the frequent appearance of press reports on ozone depletion , on the greenhouse effect and possible global warming , on nitrate pollution , on deforestation in the Tropics , on decreasing biological diversity and on many other environmentally related topics .

this awareness be most obviously manifest by the frequent appearance of press report on ozone depletion , on the greenhouse effect and possible global warming , on nitrate pollution , on deforestation in the tropics , on decrease biological diversity and on many other environmentally relate topic .

DT NN VBZ RBS RB VBN IN DT JJ NN IN NN NNS IN NN NN , IN DT NN NN CC JJ JJ NN , IN JJ NN , IN NN IN DT NNPS , IN VBG JJ NN CC IN JJ JJ RB VBN NNS .

O NOUN VERB ADV ADV VERB O O ADJ NOUN O NOUN NOUN O NOUN NOUN O O O NOUN NOUN O ADJ ADJ NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O O NOUN O O VERB ADJ NOUN O O ADJ ADJ ADV VERB NOUN O


Thus the algal bloom off the Italian Adriatic shore in 1989 is reckoned to have caused the holiday trade and local fisherman losses running into tens if not hundreds of millions of pounds .

thus the algal bloom off the italian adriatic shore in 1989 be reckon to have cause the holiday trade and local fisherman loss run into ten if not hundred of million of pound .

RB DT JJ NN IN DT NNP NNP NN IN CD VBZ VBN TO VB VBN DT NN NN CC JJ NN NNS VBG IN NNS IN RB NNS IN NNS IN NNS .

ADV O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN NOUN NOUN O O VERB VERB O VERB VERB O NOUN NOUN O ADJ NOUN NOUN VERB O NOUN O ADV NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O


The Bhopal accident killed 2000 and injured 200 000 more ;

the bhopal accident kill 2000 and injure 200 000 more ;


The Chernobyl disaster caused environmental damage across Europe ;

the chernobyl disaster cause environmental damage across europe ;


A chemical fire in Switzerland caused toxic materials to be transported by the Rhine at least as far as the Netherlands ;

a chemical fire in switzerland cause toxic material to be transport by the rhine at least as far as the netherlands ;

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As a consequence of these and other disasters , of rapid and world-wide broadcasting of them and of the concerned action of many individuals , the environment is now ‘ moving fast up the political agenda ’ ( Patten 1989 ) .

as a consequence of these and other disaster , of rapid and world-wide broadcasting of they and of the concerned action of many individual , the environment be now ' move fast up the political agenda ' ( patten 1989 ) .

IN DT NN IN DT CC JJ NNS , IN JJ CC JJ NN IN PRP CC IN DT JJ NN IN JJ NNS , DT NN VBZ RB `` VBG RB IN DT JJ NN '' -LRB- VB CD -RRB- .

O O NOUN O O O ADJ NOUN O O ADJ O ADJ NOUN O O O O O ADJ NOUN O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN VERB ADV O VERB ADV O O ADJ NOUN O O VERB O O O


The then Prime Minister also emphasized the political awakening to the environment in statements such as : ‘ it is possible that with all these enormous changes ( population , agricultural , use of fossil fuels ) concentrated into such a short period of time , we have unwittingly begun a massive experiment with the system of this planet itself ’ ( Thatcher 1988 ) .

the then prime minister also emphasize the political awakening to the environment in statement such as : ' it be possible that with all these enormous change ( population , agricultural , use of fossil fuel ) concentrate into such a short period of time , we have unwittingly begin a massive experiment with the system of this planet itself ' ( thatcher 1988 ) .

DT RB NNP NNP RB VBD DT JJ NN IN DT NN IN NNS JJ IN : `` PRP VBZ JJ IN IN PDT DT JJ NNS -LRB- NN , JJ , NN IN JJ NNS -RRB- VBD IN PDT DT JJ NN IN NN , PRP VBP RB VBN DT JJ NN IN DT NN IN DT NN PRP '' -LRB- NN CD -RRB- .

O ADV NOUN NOUN ADV VERB O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN ADJ O O O O VERB ADJ O O O O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O ADJ O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O VERB O O O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O O VERB ADV VERB O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O O NOUN O O O NOUN O O O


Mrs Thatcher , a recent convert to environmental conservation , clearly held the opinion that environmental problems are not only soluble but that solving them can be shown to be cost-effective :

mrs thatcher , a recent convert to environmental conservation , clearly hold the opinion that environmental problem be not only soluble but that solve they can be show to be cost-effective :

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NOUN NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O ADJ NOUN O ADV VERB O NOUN O ADJ NOUN VERB ADV ADV ADJ O O VERB O O VERB VERB O VERB ADJ O


In the past when we identified forms of pollution , we have shown our capacity to act effectively .

in the past when we identify form of pollution , we have show our capacity to act effectively .

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The great London smogs are now only a nightmare of the past .

the great london smogs be now only a nightmare of the past .

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We are spending £4 billion on cleansing the Mersey Basin alone , and the Thames now has the cleanest metropolitan estuary in the world .

we be spend £4 billion on cleanse the mersey basin alone , and the thames now have the clean metropolitan estuary in the world .

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While criticized by many on the grounds that it had few ‘ teeth ’ and represented a compromise between the DoE and all other departments ( notably those of Agriculture and of Transport ) , it was none the less a major achievement .

while criticize by many on the ground that it have few ' teeth ' and represent a compromise between the doe and all other department ( notably those of agriculture and of transport ) , it be none the less a major achievement .

IN VBN IN JJ IN DT NNS IN PRP VBD JJ `` NNP '' CC VBD DT NN IN DT NNP CC DT JJ NNS -LRB- RB DT IN NNP CC IN NNP -RRB- , PRP VBD NN DT RBR DT JJ NN .

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Central to this approach is said to be an emphasis upon guidance from the best available scientific evidence .

central to this approach be say to be an emphasis upon guidance from the good available scientific evidence .

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Though there has been a change of Prime Minister and of the Secretary of State for the Environment since the publication of the White Paper , the environmental cause seems as strong as ever .

though there have be a change of prime minister and of the secretary of state for the environment since the publication of the white paper , the environmental cause seem as strong as ever .

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Pearce et al. ( 1989 ) have argued that the effects of government , commercial and other actions on the environment can and should be assessed on a cost/benefit basis and this seems likely to be the basis on which at least the UK government will proceed .

pearce et al. ( 1989 ) have argue that the effect of government , commercial and other action on the environment can and should be assess on a cost/benefit basis and this seem likely to be the basis on which at least the uk government will proceed .

NNP NN NN -LRB- CD -RRB- VBP VBN IN DT NNS IN NN , JJ CC JJ NNS IN DT NN MD CC MD VB VBN IN DT NN NN CC DT VBZ JJ TO VB DT NN IN WDT IN JJS DT NNP NN MD VB .

NOUN NOUN NOUN O O O VERB VERB O O NOUN O NOUN O ADJ O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O O O VERB VERB O O NOUN NOUN O O VERB ADJ O VERB O NOUN O O O ADJ O NOUN NOUN O VERB O


Given such a lead , it is scarcely surprising that British scientists have sought to demonstrate the practical and financial consequences of environmental events and processes ; Table 9.1 , for example illustrates their perception of the importance of global environmental research to the UK domestic economy .

give such a lead , it be scarcely surprising that british scientist have seek to demonstrate the practical and financial consequence of environmental event and process ; table 9.1 , for example illustrate their perception of the importance of global environmental research to the uk domestic economy .

VBN PDT DT NN , PRP VBZ RB JJ IN JJ NNS VBP VBN TO VB DT JJ CC JJ NNS IN JJ NNS CC NNS : NN CD , IN NN VBZ PRP$ NN IN DT NN IN JJ JJ NN IN DT NNP JJ NN .

VERB O O NOUN O O VERB ADV ADJ O ADJ NOUN VERB VERB O VERB O ADJ O ADJ NOUN O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O O O NOUN VERB O NOUN O O NOUN O ADJ ADJ NOUN O O NOUN ADJ NOUN O


If it now seems self-evident that monitoring of the global environment is necessary , indeed is even vital , the prediction of what is likely to happen is almost as important : the 170 000 people in the Maldives are understandably worried about the prospect of global sea-level change since no part of the islands is more than 2 m above present sea-level !

if it now seem self-evident that monitoring of the global environment be necessary , indeed be even vital , the prediction of what be likely to happen be almost as important : the 170 000 people in the maldives be understandably worried about the prospect of global sea-level change since no part of the island be more than 2 m above present sea-level !

IN PRP RB VBZ JJ IN NN IN DT JJ NN VBZ JJ , RB VBZ RB JJ , DT NN IN WP VBZ JJ TO VB VBZ RB RB JJ : DT CD CD NNS IN DT NNPS VBP RB JJ IN DT NN IN JJ NN NN IN DT NN IN DT NNS VBZ JJR IN CD NNS IN JJ NN .

O O ADV VERB ADJ O NOUN O O ADJ NOUN VERB ADJ O ADV VERB ADV ADJ O O NOUN O O VERB ADJ O VERB VERB ADV ADV ADJ O O O O NOUN O O NOUN VERB ADV ADJ O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN NOUN O O NOUN O O NOUN VERB ADJ O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O


Notwithstanding Mrs Thatcher 's confidence that we can ‘ fix ’ environmental problems , the difficulties associated with a task even as apparently simple as monitoring a state variable are considerable .

notwithstanding mrs thatcher 's confidence that we can ' fix ' environmental problem , the difficulty associate with a task even as apparently simple as monitor a state variable be considerable .

IN NNP NNP POS NN IN PRP MD `` VB '' JJ NNS , DT NNS VBN IN DT NN RB IN RB JJ IN VBG DT NN NN VBP JJ .

O NOUN NOUN O NOUN O O O O VERB O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN VERB O O NOUN ADV O ADV ADJ O VERB O NOUN NOUN VERB ADJ O


Some of the reasons for this — the difficulty of deciding on appropriate proxy variables and on economical yet non-biasing temporal and spatial sampling frameworks , taking account of the relative importance of aperiodic and rare events as compared to near-continuous processes , processing the vast volumes of data usually involved and organizing the multidisciplinary and ( often ) multinational researchers involved — are discussed briefly later .

some of the reason for this — the difficulty of decide on appropriate proxy variable and on economical yet non-biase temporal and spatial sampling framework , take account of the relative importance of aperiodic and rare event as compare to near-continuous process , process the vast volume of datum usually involve and organize the multidisciplinary and ( often ) multinational researcher involve — be discuss briefly later .

DT IN DT NNS IN DT : DT NN IN VBG IN JJ NN NNS CC IN JJ CC VBG JJ CC JJ NN NNS , VBG NN IN DT JJ NN IN JJ CC JJ NNS IN VBN IN JJ NNS , VBG DT JJ NNS IN NNS RB VBN CC VBG DT NN CC -LRB- RB -RRB- JJ NNS VBN : VBP VBN RB RB .

O O O NOUN O O O O NOUN O VERB O ADJ NOUN NOUN O O ADJ O VERB ADJ O ADJ NOUN NOUN O VERB NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O ADJ O ADJ NOUN O VERB O ADJ NOUN O VERB O ADJ NOUN O NOUN ADV VERB O VERB O NOUN O O ADV O ADJ NOUN VERB O VERB VERB ADV ADV O


temporal and spatial scale of operation

Temporal and spatial scales of operation


Even ignoring the effects of man , earth system processes operate at a variety of spatial and temporal scales ( see Fig. 9.1 ; see also Rosswall et al. 1988 ) .

even ignore the effect of man , earth system process operate at a variety of spatial and temporal scale ( see fig. 9.1 ; see also rosswall et al. 1988 ) .

RB VBG DT NNS IN NN , NN NN NNS VBP IN DT NN IN JJ CC JJ NNS -LRB- VB NNP CD : VB RB VB NNP NN CD -RRB- .

ADV VERB O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN NOUN NOUN VERB O O NOUN O ADJ O ADJ NOUN O VERB NOUN O O VERB ADV VERB NOUN NOUN O O O


Thus microclimate effects can have major short-term implications for local populations ( such as those brought about by the photochemical smogs of Los Angeles ) , are often applicable only over areas of a few hectares or less and may operate on a diurnal cycle .

thus microclimate effect can have major short-term implication for local population ( such as those bring about by the photochemical smogs of los angeles ) , be often applicable only over area of a few hectare or less and may operate on a diurnal cycle .

RB NN NNS MD VB JJ JJ NNS IN JJ NNS -LRB- JJ IN DT VBN RP IN DT JJ NN IN NNP NNP -RRB- , VBP RB JJ RB IN NNS IN DT JJ NNS CC JJR CC MD VB IN DT JJ NN .

ADV NOUN NOUN O VERB ADJ ADJ NOUN O ADJ NOUN O ADJ O O VERB O O O ADJ NOUN O NOUN NOUN O O VERB ADV ADJ ADV O NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O ADJ O O VERB O O ADJ NOUN O


In between are variations in phenomena such as El Nino .

in between be variation in phenomena such as el nino .


The sampling theorem indicates that we must sample these phenomena at a frequency of no less than half their wavelength if we are to avoid bias in measurement .

the sample theorem indicate that we must sample these phenomenon at a frequency of no less than half their wavelength if we be to avoid bias in measurement .

DT VBG NN VBZ IN PRP MD VB DT NNS IN DT NN IN DT JJR IN PDT PRP$ NN IN PRP VBP TO VB NN IN NN .

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In this chapter , the primary concern is with changes occurring over time spans from minutes to centuries and from spatial wavelengths from about 1 m to about 100 km .

in this chapter , the primary concern be with change occur over time span from minute to century and from spatial wavelength from about 1 m to about 100 km .

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It is , however , impossible to separate out processes acting at different scales and over different periods : a single volcanic eruption lasting hours or days sometimes leads to dust and gas being ejected into the atmosphere over a period of months and this in turn may lead to global climatic fluctuations over years or decades .

it be , however , impossible to separate out process act at different scale and over different period : a single volcanic eruption last hour or day sometimes lead to dust and gas be eject into the atmosphere over a period of month and this in turn may lead to global climatic fluctuation over year or decade .

PRP VBZ , RB , JJ TO VB RP NNS VBG IN JJ NNS CC IN JJ NNS : DT JJ JJ NN VBG NNS CC NNS RB VBZ IN NN CC NN VBG VBN IN DT NN IN DT NN IN NNS CC DT IN NN MD VB IN JJ JJ NNS IN NNS CC NNS .

O VERB O ADV O ADJ O VERB O NOUN VERB O ADJ NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O O ADJ ADJ NOUN VERB NOUN O NOUN ADV VERB O NOUN O NOUN VERB VERB O O NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN O O O NOUN O VERB O ADJ ADJ NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O


Conversely , a large-scale and long-period phenomenon such as the movement of tectonic plates can lead to local stress accumulation and to its release by an earthquake in a few seconds and with highly local effects .

conversely , a large-scale and long-period phenomenon such as the movement of tectonic plate can lead to local stress accumulation and to its release by an earthquake in a few second and with highly local effect .

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We should know something about the periodicity of the variables we are monitoring if we are not to risk either unnecessarily detailed data collection or aliasing of trends ;

we should know something about the periodicity of the variable we be monitor if we be not to risk either unnecessarily detailed datum collection or aliasing of trend ;

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Irrespective of the use of surrogates , monitoring environmental processes only makes sense over time-scales which are extended by human standards ( hence the IGBP ( see below ) is designed to run for two or three decades ) ;

irrespective of the use of surrogate , monitor environmental process only make sense over time-scale which be extend by human standard ( hence the igbp ( see below ) be design to run for two or three decade ) ;

JJ IN DT NN IN NNS , VBG JJ NNS RB VBZ NN IN NNS WDT VBP VBN IN JJ NNS -LRB- RB DT NNP -LRB- VB RB -RRB- VBZ VBN TO VB IN CD CC CD NNS -RRB- :

ADJ O O NOUN O NOUN O VERB ADJ NOUN ADV VERB NOUN O NOUN O VERB VERB O ADJ NOUN O ADV O NOUN O VERB ADV O VERB VERB O VERB O O O O NOUN O O


Changes in political priorities may simply result in the need for informed guesswork if suitable data are not available .

change in political priority may simply result in the need for inform guesswork if suitable datum be not available .

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NOUN O ADJ NOUN O ADV VERB O O NOUN O VERB NOUN O ADJ NOUN VERB ADV ADJ O


Much attention will be given throughout this chapter to monitoring the environment on a global basis .

much attention will be give throughout this chapter to monitor the environment on a global basis .

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This is not merely because of its topical nature .

this be not merely because of its topical nature .