Yet , even if all of this causes great uncertainty among scientists , it is still a reasonable prediction that a decade ahead will see both environmental monitoring and prediction treated as an everyday need and activity in major organizations .

yet , even if all of this cause great uncertainty among scientist , it be still a reasonable prediction that a decade ahead will see both environmental monitoring and prediction treat as an everyday need and activity in major organization .

CC , RB IN DT IN DT VBZ JJ NN IN NNS , PRP VBZ RB DT JJ NN IN DT NN RB MD VB CC JJ NN CC NN VBN IN DT JJ NN CC NN IN JJ NNS .

O O ADV O O O O VERB ADJ NOUN O NOUN O O VERB ADV O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN ADV O VERB O ADJ NOUN O NOUN VERB O O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O


We shall also see the existence of binding requirements upon national governments — certainly in the European Community — to collect at least basic environmental indicators in a harmonized form ( CEC 1990b ) .

we shall also see the existence of bind requirement upon national government — certainly in the european community — to collect at least basic environmental indicator in a harmonize form ( cec 1990b ) .

PRP MD RB VB DT NN IN VBG NNS IN JJ NNS : RB IN DT NNP NNP : TO VB IN JJS JJ JJ NNS IN DT VBN NN -LRB- NN CD -RRB- .

O O ADV VERB O NOUN O VERB NOUN O ADJ NOUN O ADV O O NOUN NOUN O O VERB O ADJ ADJ ADJ NOUN O O VERB NOUN O NOUN O O O


More than that , it seems highly likely that the social science aspects of environmental problems will underpin the actions of governments and international agencies .

more than that , it seem highly likely that the social science aspect of environmental problem will underpin the action of government and international agency .

JJR IN DT , PRP VBZ RB JJ IN DT JJ NN NNS IN JJ NNS MD VB DT NNS IN NNS CC JJ NNS .

ADJ O O O O VERB ADV ADJ O O ADJ NOUN NOUN O ADJ NOUN O VERB O NOUN O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O


Underlying it all , however , is one obvious fact : that the gathering and analysis of geographically distributed environmental data form the necessary starting-point for ensuring the success of our future on earth .

underlie it all , however , be one obvious fact : that the gathering and analysis of geographically distribute environmental data form the necessary starting-point for ensure the success of our future on earth .

VBG PRP DT , RB , VBZ CD JJ NN : IN DT NN CC NN IN RB VBN JJ NN VBP DT JJ NN IN VBG DT NN IN PRP$ NN IN NN .

VERB O O O ADV O VERB O ADJ NOUN O O O NOUN O NOUN O ADV VERB ADJ NOUN VERB O ADJ NOUN O VERB O NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN O


The UK ESRC supported the work of the South East Regional Research Laboratory in Birkbeck College , University of London , from which this review has grown .

the uk esrc support the work of the south east regional research laboratory in birkbeck college , university of london , from which this review have grow .

DT NNP NNP VBD DT NN IN DT NNP NNP NNP NNP NNP IN NNP NNP , NNP IN NNP , IN WDT DT NN VBZ VBN .

O NOUN NOUN VERB O NOUN O O NOUN NOUN NOUN NOUN NOUN O NOUN NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O O O O NOUN VERB VERB O


Few areas of the application of GIS technology can be as socially significant , or environmentally relevant , as the management of emergencies and disasters due to natural and technological hazards .

few area of the application of gis technology can be as socially significant , or environmentally relevant , as the management of emergency and disaster due to natural and technological hazard .

JJ NNS IN DT NN IN NN NN MD VB RB RB JJ , CC RB JJ , IN DT NN IN NNS CC NNS IN IN JJ CC JJ NNS .

ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O VERB ADV ADV ADJ O O ADV ADJ O O O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O O ADJ O ADJ NOUN O


The 1990s have been declared the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction .

the 1990 have be declare the international decade for natural disaster reduction .

DT NNS VBP VBN VBN DT NNP NNP IN NNP NNP NNP .

O NOUN VERB VERB VERB O NOUN NOUN O NOUN NOUN NOUN O


Let us hope that G1S can , in some small way , help mitigate the suffering and hardship felt by all those afflicted by the effects of hazards which , as we have learnt with bitter recent experience in the UK , can occur in an untimely fashion in the most improbable of places .

let we hope that g1s can , in some small way , help mitigate the suffering and hardship feel you all those afflict by the effect of hazard which , as we have learn with bitter recent experience in the uk , can occur in an untimely fashion in the most improbable of place .

VB PRP VB IN NNP MD , IN DT JJ NN , VB VB DT NN CC NN VBD IN PDT DT VBN IN DT NNS IN NNS WDT , IN PRP VBP VBN IN JJ JJ NN IN DT NNP , MD VB IN DT JJ NN IN DT RBS JJ IN NNS .

VERB O VERB O NOUN O O O O ADJ NOUN O VERB VERB O NOUN O NOUN VERB O O O VERB O O NOUN O NOUN O O O O VERB VERB O ADJ ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O O VERB O O ADJ NOUN O O ADV ADJ O NOUN O


Research on hazards is multidisciplinary and straddles the social , environmental and mathematical sciences .

research on hazard be multidisciplinary and straddle the social , environmental and mathematical science .

NN IN NNS VBZ JJ CC VBZ DT JJ , JJ CC JJ NNS .

NOUN O NOUN VERB ADJ O VERB O ADJ O ADJ O ADJ NOUN O


Some researchers suggest that hazards ( and emergencies that might result ) can be regarded as either natural or technological .

some researcher suggest that hazard ( and emergency that might result ) can be regard as either natural or technological .

DT NNS VBP IN NNS -LRB- CC NNS WDT MD VB -RRB- MD VB VBN IN DT JJ CC JJ .

O NOUN VERB O NOUN O O NOUN O O VERB O O VERB VERB O O ADJ O ADJ O


We shall elaborate on this simple division below but suggest here that the wealth of literature on the former ( see , for instance , Burton et al. 1978 and Perry 1981 ) has yet to be matched by a similar volume of work on the latter .

we shall elaborate on this simple division below but suggest here that the wealth of literature on the former ( see , for instance , burton et al. 1978 and perry 1981 ) have yet to be match by a similar volume of work on the latter .

PRP MD VB IN DT JJ NN IN CC VBP RB IN DT NN IN NN IN DT JJ -LRB- UH , IN NN , NNP NNP NN CD CC NNP CD -RRB- VBZ RB TO VB VBN IN DT JJ NN IN NN IN DT JJ .

O O VERB O O ADJ NOUN O O VERB ADV O O NOUN O NOUN O O ADJ O O O O NOUN O NOUN NOUN NOUN O O NOUN O O VERB ADV O VERB VERB O O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O O ADJ O


There are signs that this imbalance is being rectified ( Zeigler et al. 1983 ) .

there be sign that this imbalance be be rectify ( zeigler et al. 1983 ) .

EX VBP NNS IN DT NN VBZ VBG VBN -LRB- NNP NN NN CD -RRB- .

O VERB NOUN O O NOUN VERB VERB VERB O NOUN NOUN NOUN O O O


Hazard research , like few other GIS application areas , is not only stretching the present technology to its limits but is a quite remarkable focus of international effort into several important research-related areas such as expert systems and simulation studies .

hazard research , like few other gis application area , be not only stretch the present technology to its limit but be a quite remarkable focus of international effort into several important research-related area such as expert system and simulation study .

NN NN , IN JJ JJ NN NN NNS , VBZ RB RB VBG DT JJ NN IN PRP$ NNS CC VBZ DT RB JJ NN IN JJ NN IN JJ JJ JJ NNS JJ IN NN NNS CC NN NNS .

NOUN NOUN O O ADJ ADJ NOUN NOUN NOUN O VERB ADV ADV VERB O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O VERB O ADV ADJ NOUN O ADJ NOUN O ADJ ADJ ADJ NOUN ADJ O NOUN NOUN O NOUN NOUN O


Formally , a hazard can be defined as : ‘ a physical situation with a potential for human injury , damage to property , damage to the environment , or some combination of these ’ ( Health and Safety Executive 1989 : 30 ) .

formally , a hazard can be define as : ' a physical situation with a potential for human injury , damage to property , damage to the environment , or some combination of these ' ( health and safety executive 1989 : 30 ) .

RB , DT NN MD VB VBN IN : `` DT JJ NN IN DT NN IN JJ NN , NN IN NN , NN IN DT NN , CC DT NN IN DT '' -LRB- NNP CC NNP NNP CD : CD -RRB- .

ADV O O NOUN O VERB VERB O O O O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O O NOUN O O O NOUN O O O O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O O O O O


On 30 March 1956 one of the most powerful volcanic disturbances this century , the Bezymianny eruption , occurred .

on 30 march 1956 one of the most powerful volcanic disturbance this century , the bezymianny eruption , occur .

IN CD NNP CD CD IN DT RBS JJ JJ NNS DT NN , DT NNP NN , VBD .

O O NOUN O O O O ADV ADJ ADJ NOUN O NOUN O O NOUN NOUN O VERB O


Few people noticed the event as it took place in an uninhabited part of Kamchatcka and caused no known casualties .

few people notice the event as it take place in an uninhabited part of kamchatcka and cause no know casualty .

JJ NNS VBD DT NN IN PRP VBD NN IN DT JJ NN IN NNP CC VBD DT VBN NNS .

ADJ NOUN VERB O NOUN O O VERB NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O VERB O VERB NOUN O


These two contrasting events emphasize the central fact that even natural hazards are not defined solely by the characteristics of the event but by the interaction of those events with the human occupation of the threatened area .

these two contrast event emphasize the central fact that even natural hazard be not define solely by the characteristic of the event but by the interaction of those event with the human occupation of the threatened area .

DT CD VBG NNS VBP DT JJ NN IN RB JJ NNS VBP RB VBN RB IN DT NNS IN DT NN CC IN DT NN IN DT NNS IN DT JJ NN IN DT JJ NN .

O O VERB NOUN VERB O ADJ NOUN O ADV ADJ NOUN VERB ADV VERB ADV O O NOUN O O NOUN O O O NOUN O O NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O


As noted above , the simple division of hazards is between those which are natural and those which are technological or human-induced .

as note above , the simple division of hazard be between those which be natural and those which be technological or human-induced .

IN VBN RB , DT JJ NN IN NNS VBZ IN DT WDT VBP JJ CC DT WDT VBP JJ CC JJ .

O VERB ADV O O ADJ NOUN O NOUN VERB O O O VERB ADJ O O O VERB ADJ O ADJ O


Each of these may be further subdivided and the typology shown in Fig. 10.1 draws upon the classic work of Burton and Kates ( 1964 ) in separating geophysical from biological hazards and Zeigler et al. ( 1983 ) in distinguishing public ( or what we might call societal ) hazards from private ( individual ) ones .

each of these may be far subdivide and the typology show in fig. 10.1 draw upon the classic work of burton and kates ( 1964 ) in separate geophysical from biological hazard and zeigler et al. ( 1983 ) in distinguish public ( or what we might call societal ) hazard from private ( individual ) one .

DT IN DT MD VB RBR VBN CC DT NN VBN IN NNP CD NNS IN DT JJ NN IN NNP CC NNPS -LRB- CD -RRB- IN VBG JJ IN JJ NNS CC NNP NNP NN -LRB- CD -RRB- IN VBG NN -LRB- CC WP PRP MD VB JJ -RRB- NNS IN JJ -LRB- JJ -RRB- NNS .

O O O O VERB ADV VERB O O NOUN VERB O NOUN O NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O O O O VERB ADJ O ADJ NOUN O NOUN NOUN NOUN O O O O VERB NOUN O O O O O VERB ADJ O NOUN O ADJ O ADJ O NOUN O


Zeigler divides the public hazards into those which result from the production of raw materials and manufactured goods , those which originate in transport and transmission and those which threaten the public in their role as consumers .

zeigler divide the public hazard into those which result from the production of raw material and manufacture good , those which originate in transport and transmission and those which threaten the public in their role as consumer .

NN VBZ DT NN NNS IN DT WDT VBP IN DT NN IN JJ NNS CC VBN NNS , DT WDT VBP IN NN CC NN CC DT WDT VBP DT NN IN PRP$ NN IN NNS .

NOUN VERB O NOUN NOUN O O O VERB O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O VERB NOUN O O O VERB O NOUN O NOUN O O O VERB O NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN O


The United Nations Disaster Relief Organization ( UNDRO ) has produced a classification of disasters , derived on the basis of case data ( Table 10.1 ) .

the united nations disaster relief organization ( undro ) have produce a classification of disaster , derive on the basis of case datum ( table 10.1 ) .

DT NNP NNP NNP NNP NNP -LRB- NNP -RRB- VBZ VBN DT NN IN NNS , VBN IN DT NN IN NN NNS -LRB- NN CD -RRB- .

O NOUN NOUN NOUN NOUN NOUN O NOUN O VERB VERB O NOUN O NOUN O VERB O O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O NOUN O O O


UNDRO recognizes three basic types of disaster : accidents , natural events , and other disasters .

undro recognize three basic type of disaster : accident , natural event , and other disaster .

NN VBZ CD JJ NNS IN NN : NNS , JJ NNS , CC JJ NNS .

NOUN VERB O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O


The differentiation of accidents from other types is useful in the context of emergency planning and is not so clearly conveyed by other hazard typologies .

the differentiation of accident from other type be useful in the context of emergency planning and be not so clearly convey by other hazard typology .

DT NN IN NNS IN JJ NNS VBZ JJ IN DT NN IN NN NN CC VBZ RB RB RB VBN IN JJ NN NNS .

O NOUN O NOUN O ADJ NOUN VERB ADJ O O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O VERB ADV ADV ADV VERB O ADJ NOUN NOUN O


However , the temptation in all classification exercises is to produce partitional schemes and this should really be resisted here .

however , the temptation in all classification exercise be to produce partitional scheme and this should really be resist here .

RB , DT NN IN DT NN NNS VBZ TO VB JJ NNS CC DT MD RB VB VBN RB .

ADV O O NOUN O O NOUN NOUN VERB O VERB ADJ NOUN O O O ADV VERB VERB ADV O


It is more useful ( Johnson 1983 ) to adopt a non-partitional scheme ( fig. 10.1 ) that recognizes , for instance , food poisoning as both a personal and consumer hazard , or lead pollution ( e.g. from car exhausts ) as both a meteorological event and technological hazard ( both public and private ) .

it be more useful ( johnson 1983 ) to adopt a non-partitional scheme ( fig. 10.1 ) that recognize , for instance , food poisoning as both a personal and consumer hazard , or lead pollution ( e.g. from car exhaust ) as both a meteorological event and technological hazard ( both public and private ) .

PRP VBZ RBR JJ -LRB- NNP CD -RRB- TO VB DT JJ NN -LRB- NN CD -RRB- WDT VBZ , IN NN , NN NN IN CC DT JJ CC NN NN , CC VB NN -LRB- RB IN NN NNS -RRB- IN CC DT JJ NN CC JJ NN -LRB- CC JJ CC JJ -RRB- .

O VERB ADV ADJ O NOUN O O O VERB O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O O O VERB O O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O O O ADJ O NOUN NOUN O O VERB NOUN O ADV O NOUN NOUN O O O O ADJ NOUN O ADJ NOUN O O ADJ O ADJ O O


Hillslope failure ( as at Aberfan in South Wales in 1966 ) is a geomorphic hazard but may arise because of raw material extraction .

hillslope failure ( as at aberfan in south wales in 1966 ) be a geomorphic hazard but may arise because of raw material extraction .

NN NN -LRB- IN IN NNP IN NNP NNP IN CD -RRB- VBZ DT JJ NN CC MD VB IN IN JJ NN NN .

NOUN NOUN O O O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O O O VERB O ADJ NOUN O O VERB O O ADJ NOUN NOUN O


Hohensemer et al. ( 1983 ) make the important point that hazards are multidimensional in nature and suggest 12 dimensions along which any hazard may be scored ( see Table 10.2 ) .

hohensemer et al. ( 1983 ) make the important point that hazard be multidimensional in nature and suggest 12 dimension along which any hazard may be score ( see table 10.2 ) .

NNP FW NN -LRB- CD -RRB- VB DT JJ NN WDT NNS VBP JJ IN NN CC VBP CD NNS IN WDT DT NN MD VB VBN -LRB- VB NN CD -RRB- .

NOUN O NOUN O O O VERB O ADJ NOUN O NOUN VERB ADJ O NOUN O VERB O NOUN O O O NOUN O VERB VERB O VERB NOUN O O O


These factors will , of course , be important in deciding on the role that GIS can play in hazard monitoring and emergency planning .

these factor will , of course , be important in decide on the role that gis can play in hazard monitoring and emergency planning .

DT NNS MD , IN NN , VB JJ IN VBG IN DT NN WDT NNP MD VB IN NN NN CC NN NN .

O NOUN O O O NOUN O VERB ADJ O VERB O O NOUN O NOUN O VERB O NOUN NOUN O NOUN NOUN O


For instance , some events will persist briefly , have immediate consequences , minor transgenerational effects and have little or no potential for non-human mortality ( an air crash is an example ) .

for instance , some event will persist briefly , have immediate consequence , minor transgenerational effect and have little or no potential for non-human mortality ( an air crash be an example ) .

IN NN , DT NNS MD VB RB , VBP JJ NNS , JJ JJ NNS CC VBP JJ CC DT NN IN JJ NN -LRB- DT NN NN VBZ DT NN -RRB- .

O NOUN O O NOUN O VERB ADV O VERB ADJ NOUN O ADJ ADJ NOUN O VERB ADJ O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN NOUN VERB O NOUN O O


The Hohensemer scheme is not , however , beyond criticism .

the hohensemer scheme be not , however , beyond criticism .


for example , can hazards really be thought of as having any intentionality ?

for example , can hazard really be think of as have any intentionality ?

IN NN , MD NNS RB VB VBN IN IN VBG DT NN .

O NOUN O O NOUN ADV VERB VERB O O VERB O NOUN O


By ‘ risk ’ we understand ‘ the likelihood of a specified undesired event occurring within a specified period or in specified circumstances ’ ( Health and Safety Executive 1989 : 30 ) .

by ' risk ' we understand ' the likelihood of a specify undesired event occur within a specify period or in specify circumstance ' ( health and safety executive 1989 : 30 ) .

IN `` NN '' PRP VBP `` DT NN IN DT VBN JJ NN VBG IN DT VBN NN CC IN VBN NNS '' -LRB- NNP CC NNP NNP CD : CD -RRB- .

O O NOUN O O VERB O O NOUN O O VERB ADJ NOUN VERB O O VERB NOUN O O VERB NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O O O O O


It may , of course , be easier to quantify risk for natural hazards because of historical records and statistical estimation of recurrence intervals .

it may , of course , be easy to quantify risk for natural hazard because of historical record and statistical estimation of recurrence interval .

PRP MD , IN NN , VB JJR TO VB NN IN JJ NNS IN IN JJ NNS CC JJ NN IN NN NNS .

O O O O NOUN O VERB ADJ O VERB NOUN O ADJ NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O ADJ NOUN O NOUN NOUN O


Technological hazards are more unpredictable and may be extremely rare , so that it becomes difficult to use probability concepts to quantify risk , especially those which rely on notions of relative frequency .

technological hazard be more unpredictable and may be extremely rare , so that it become difficult to use probability concept to quantify risk , especially those which rely on notion of relative frequency .

JJ NNS VBP RBR JJ CC MD VB RB JJ , IN IN PRP VBZ JJ TO VB NN NNS TO VB NN , RB DT WDT VBP IN NNS IN JJ NN .

ADJ NOUN VERB ADV ADJ O O VERB ADV ADJ O O O O VERB ADJ O VERB NOUN NOUN O VERB NOUN O ADV O O VERB O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O


In the UK ( see Petts 1988 for a splendid overview ) the Health and Safety Executive must be notified of sites where hazardous substances in excess of threshold limits are handled .

in the uk ( see petts 1988 for a splendid overview ) the health and safety executive must be notify of site where hazardous substance in excess of threshold limit be handle .

IN DT NNP -LRB- VB NNP CD IN DT JJ NN -RRB- DT NNP CC NNP NNP MD VB VBN IN NNS WRB JJ NNS IN NN IN JJ NNS VBP VBN .

O O NOUN O VERB NOUN O O O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O VERB VERB O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O ADJ NOUN VERB VERB O


Such substances and thresholds include , for instance , 25 tonnes of flammable liquid petroleum gas and the explosive sodium chlorate , and 10 tonnes of toxic chlorine gas .

such substance and threshold include , for instance , 25 tonne of flammable liquid petroleum gas and the explosive sodium chlorate , and 10 tonne of toxic chlorine gas .

JJ NNS CC NNS VBP , IN NN , CD NNS IN JJ JJ NN NN CC DT JJ NN NN , CC CD NNS IN JJ NN NN .

ADJ NOUN O NOUN VERB O O NOUN O O NOUN O ADJ ADJ NOUN NOUN O O ADJ NOUN NOUN O O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN NOUN O


Some 1600 installations are notifiable , along with thousands of kilometres of pipelines ( mostly high-pressure natural gas transmission lines ) .

some 1600 installation be notifiable , along with thousand of kilometre of pipeline ( mostly high-pressure natural gas transmission line ) .

DT CD NNS VBP JJ , IN IN NNS IN NNS IN NNS -LRB- RB JJ JJ NN NN NNS -RRB- .

O O NOUN VERB ADJ O O O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O ADV ADJ ADJ NOUN NOUN NOUN O O


Among other things , these regulations require operators of hazardous installations to draw up on-site and off-site emergency plans and to give information to members of the public who live or work near such installations ( Houston 1987 ) .

among other thing , these regulation require operator of hazardous installation to draw up on-site and off-site emergency plan and to give information to member of the public who live or work near such installation ( houston 1987 ) .

IN JJ NNS , DT NNS VBP NNS IN JJ NNS TO VB RP JJ CC JJ NN NNS CC TO VB NN IN NNS IN DT NN WP VBP CC VB IN JJ NNS -LRB- NNP CD -RRB- .

O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN VERB NOUN O ADJ NOUN O VERB O ADJ O ADJ NOUN NOUN O O VERB NOUN O NOUN O O NOUN O VERB O VERB O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O O O


There are presently about 300 CIMAH sites .

there be presently about 300 cimah site .


Clearly , a plant which stores 1 tonne less than is required for notification slips through the net , while large numbers of handling sites ( warehouses , for instance ) are not covered .

clearly , a plant which store 1 tonne less than be require for notification slip through the net , while large number of handle site ( warehouse , for instance ) be not cover .

RB , DT NN WDT VBZ CD NN JJR IN VBZ VBN IN NN VBZ IN DT NN , IN JJ NNS IN VBG NNS -LRB- NNS , IN NN -RRB- VBP RB VBN .

ADV O O NOUN O VERB O NOUN ADJ O VERB VERB O NOUN VERB O O NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O VERB NOUN O NOUN O O NOUN O VERB ADV VERB O


The regulations have obvious implications for G1S work , as illustrated below .

the regulation have obvious implication for g1s work , as illustrate below .

DT NNS VBP JJ NNS IN NNP NN , IN VBN RB .

O NOUN VERB ADJ NOUN O NOUN NOUN O O VERB ADV O


In Halton Borough , Cheshire , for instance , there are 13 notifiable installations , with over 20 000 people living within the defined ‘ consultation zones ’ ( Petts 1988 ) .

in halton borough , cheshire , for instance , there be 13 notifiable installation , with over 20 000 people live within the define ' consultation zone ' ( petts 1988 ) .

IN NNP NNP , NNP , IN NN , EX VBP CD JJ NNS , IN IN CD CD NNS VBG IN DT VBN `` NN NNS '' -LRB- NNP CD -RRB- .

O NOUN NOUN O NOUN O O NOUN O O VERB O ADJ NOUN O O O O O NOUN VERB O O VERB O NOUN NOUN O O NOUN O O O


It is also relevant to point out here the work of the Health and Safety Executive in developing techniques for quantitative risk assessment ( Health and Safety Executive 1989 ) .

it be also relevant to point out here the work of the health and safety executive in develop technique for quantitative risk assessment ( health and safety executive 1989 ) .

PRP VBZ RB JJ TO VB RP RB DT NN IN DT NNP CC NNP NNP IN VBG NNS IN JJ NN NN -LRB- NNP CC NNP NNP CD -RRB- .

O VERB ADV ADJ O VERB O ADV O NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O VERB NOUN O ADJ NOUN NOUN O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O O O


Such techniques include the use of a ‘ risk assessment tool ’ ( RISKAT ) , inputs to which include data on wind direction and speed ; the output of which is a map of calculated risk contours .

such technique include the use of a ' risk assessment tool ' ( riskat ) , input to which include datum on wind direction and speed ; the output of which be a map of calculate risk contour .

JJ NNS VBP DT NN IN DT `` NN NN NN '' -LRB- NNP -RRB- , VBZ TO WDT VBP NNS IN NN NN CC NN : DT NN IN WDT VBZ DT NN IN VBN NN NNS .

ADJ NOUN VERB O NOUN O O O NOUN NOUN NOUN O O NOUN O O VERB O O VERB NOUN O NOUN NOUN O NOUN O O NOUN O O VERB O NOUN O VERB NOUN NOUN O


In societal risk assessment ‘ it is also necessary to input data on the distribution of population around the installation .

in societal risk assessment ' it be also necessary to input datum on the distribution of population around the installation .

IN JJ NN NN `` PRP VBZ RB JJ TO VB NNS IN DT NN IN NN IN DT NN .

O ADJ NOUN NOUN O O VERB ADV ADJ O VERB NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN O O NOUN O


This can be a difficult and time-consuming process , and inevitably some simplifying assumptions are needed ’ ( Health and Safety Executive 1989 : 17 ) .

this can be a difficult and time-consuming process , and inevitably some simplify assumption be need ' ( health and safety executive 1989 : 17 ) .

DT MD VB DT JJ CC JJ NN , CC RB DT VBG NNS VBP VBN '' -LRB- NNP CC NNP NNP CD : CD -RRB- .

O O VERB O ADJ O ADJ NOUN O O ADV O VERB NOUN VERB VERB O O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O O O O O


The disposal of both nuclear and non-nuclear wastes has proved to be of major public concern in recent years .

the disposal of both nuclear and non-nuclear waste have prove to be of major public concern in recent year .

DT NN IN CC JJ CC JJ NNS VBZ VBN TO VB IN JJ JJ NN IN JJ NNS .

O NOUN O O ADJ O ADJ NOUN VERB VERB O VERB O ADJ ADJ NOUN O ADJ NOUN O


The rather clumsy handling by NIREX of the search for sites to store low- and intermediate-level wastes , together with very recent worries about the import of toxic wastes such as polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs ) , are but two examples of such concern in the UK .

the rather clumsy handling by nirex of the search for site to store low- and intermediate-level waste , together with very recent worry about the import of toxic waste such as polychlorinated biphenyls ( pcb ) , be but two example of such concern in the uk .

DT RB JJ NN IN NNP IN DT NN IN NNS TO VB JJ CC JJ NNS , RB IN RB JJ NNS IN DT NN IN JJ NNS JJ IN JJ NN -LRB- NNS -RRB- , VBP CC CD NNS IN JJ NN IN DT NNP .

O ADV ADJ NOUN O NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN O VERB ADJ O ADJ NOUN O ADV O ADV ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN ADJ O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O O VERB O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O


Certainly , in terms of the volume of waste generated in the UK non-nuclear hazardous industrial wastes should be high on the environmental agenda ; while less than 1 million tonnes of all nuclear wastes were generated in 1985–86 , 10 times that amount were generated of hazardous wastes ( Openshaw et al. 1989 : 13 ) .

certainly , in term of the volume of waste generate in the uk non-nuclear hazardous industrial waste should be high on the environmental agenda ; while less than 1 million tonne of all nuclear waste be generate in 1985–86 , 10 time that amount be generate of hazardous waste ( openshaw et al. 1989 : 13 ) .

RB , IN NNS IN DT NN IN NN VBN IN DT NNP JJ JJ JJ NNS MD VB JJ IN DT JJ NN , IN JJR IN CD CD NNS IN DT JJ NNS VBD VBN IN CD , CD NNS IN NN VBD VBN IN JJ NNS -LRB- NNP NN NN CD : CD -RRB- .

ADV O O NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN VERB O O NOUN ADJ ADJ ADJ NOUN O VERB ADJ O O ADJ NOUN O O ADJ O O O NOUN O O ADJ NOUN VERB VERB O O O O NOUN O NOUN VERB VERB O ADJ NOUN O NOUN NOUN NOUN O O O O O


These contain some valuable material on disposal practices , and volumes of waste generated and disposed of by each waste regulation authority ( WRA ) — counties in England , districts in Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland .

these contain some valuable material on disposal practice , and volume of waste generate and dispose of by each waste regulation authority ( wra ) — county in england , district in wales , scotland and northern ireland .

DT VBP DT JJ NN IN NN NNS , CC NNS IN NN VBN CC VBN IN IN DT NN NN NN -LRB- NNP -RRB- : NNS IN NNP , NNS IN NNP , NNP CC NNP NNP .

O VERB O ADJ NOUN O NOUN NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN VERB O VERB O O O NOUN NOUN NOUN O NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O


Each WRA is required to produce a waste disposal plan and these are starting to appear .

each wra be require to produce a waste disposal plan and these be start to appear .

DT NNP VBZ VBN TO VB DT NN NN NN CC DT VBP VBG TO VB .

O NOUN VERB VERB O VERB O NOUN NOUN NOUN O O VERB VERB O VERB O


They too contain useful material on , for instance , the locations of sites , though individual site licences must be consulted for details of what each is permitted to take in the way of hazardous wastes .

they too contain useful material on , for instance , the location of site , though individual site licence must be consult for detail of what each be permit to take in the way of hazardous waste .

PRP RB VBP JJ NN IN , IN NN , DT NNS IN NNS , IN JJ NN NNS MD VB VBN IN NNS IN WP DT VBZ VBN TO VB RP DT NN IN JJ NNS .

O ADV VERB ADJ NOUN O O O NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN O O ADJ NOUN NOUN O VERB VERB O NOUN O O O VERB VERB O VERB O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O


It is these , rather than existing , licensed sites which should be a focus of research activity , particularly when examining possible links to ill health .

it be these , rather than exist , license site which should be a focus of research activity , particularly when examine possible link to ill health .

PRP VBZ DT , RB IN VBG , VBN NNS WDT MD VB DT NN IN NN NN , RB WRB VBG JJ NNS IN JJ NN .

O VERB O O ADV O VERB O VERB NOUN O O VERB O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O ADV O VERB ADJ NOUN O ADJ NOUN O


We simply do not have enough evidence yet to back up the claim that ‘ people are almost certainly ill , dead , or dying because of these sloppy waste disposal activities ’ ( Openshaw et al. 1989 : 12 ) .

we simply do not have enough evidence yet to back up the claim that ' people be almost certainly ill , dead , or die because of these sloppy waste disposal activity ' ( openshaw et al. 1989 : 12 ) .

PRP RB VBP RB VB JJ NN RB TO VB RP DT NN IN `` NNS VBP RB RB JJ , JJ , CC VBG IN IN DT JJ NN NN NNS '' -LRB- NNP NN NN CD : CD -RRB- .

O ADV VERB ADV VERB ADJ NOUN ADV O VERB O O NOUN O O NOUN VERB ADV ADV ADJ O ADJ O O VERB O O O ADJ NOUN NOUN NOUN O O NOUN NOUN NOUN O O O O O


We need to produce an inventory of all such sites , together with a publicly available , comprehensive database on all sites accepting hazardous industrial wastes .

we need to produce an inventory of all such site , together with a publicly available , comprehensive database on all site accept hazardous industrial waste .

PRP VBP TO VB DT NN IN DT JJ NNS , RB IN DT RB JJ , JJ NN IN DT NNS VBG JJ JJ NNS .

O VERB O VERB O NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O ADV O O ADV ADJ O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN VERB ADJ ADJ NOUN O


It is convenient to retain the nuclear/non-nuclear distinction when discussing the background to emergency planning .

it be convenient to retain the nuclear/non-nuclear distinction when discuss the background to emergency planning .

PRP VBZ JJ TO VB DT NN NN WRB VBG DT NN IN NN NN .

O VERB ADJ O VERB O NOUN NOUN O VERB O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O


Evacuation plans are required to cover an area within a distance of 2.4 km ; these detail the roles to be played by the emergency services .

evacuation plan be require to cover an area within a distance of 2.4 km ; these detail the role to be play by the emergency service .

NN NNS VBP VBN TO VB DT NN IN DT NN IN CD NN : DT NN DT NNS TO VB VBN IN DT NN NNS .

NOUN NOUN VERB VERB O VERB O NOUN O O NOUN O O NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN O VERB VERB O O NOUN NOUN O


The very narrow emergency planning zones contrast with those in the USA ( Collins 1981 ) , where planning is required up to 16 km from the site to cover exposure to radiation plumes .

the very narrow emergency planning zone contrast with those in the usa ( collins 1981 ) , where planning be require up to 16 km from the site to cover exposure to radiation plume .

DT RB JJ NN NN NNS VBP IN DT IN DT NNP -LRB- NNP CD -RRB- , WRB NN VBZ VBN IN TO CD NNS IN DT NN TO VB NN IN NN NNS .

O ADV ADJ NOUN NOUN NOUN VERB O O O O NOUN O NOUN O O O O NOUN VERB VERB O O O NOUN O O NOUN O VERB NOUN O NOUN NOUN O


Local authorities in the UK that have declared themselves ‘ nuclear-free ’ have been highly critical of British planning , calling for an extension of emergency zones to at least 24 km .

local authority in the uk that have declare themselves ' nuclear-free ' have be highly critical of british planning , call for an extension of emergency zone to at least 24 km .

JJ NNS IN DT NNP WDT VBP VBN PRP `` NN '' VBP VBN RB JJ IN JJ NN , VBG IN DT NN IN NN NNS IN RB RBS CD NNS .

ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O VERB VERB O O NOUN O VERB VERB ADV ADJ O ADJ NOUN O VERB O O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O ADV ADV O NOUN O


Zeigler et al. ( 1983 ) should be consulted for material relating to evacuation behaviour in the wake of the incident at Three Mile Island .

zeigler et al. ( 1983 ) should be consult for material relate to evacuation behaviour in the wake of the incident at three mile island .

JJ NN NN -LRB- CD -RRB- MD VB VBN IN NN VBG IN NN NN IN DT NN IN DT NN IN NNP NNP NNP .

ADJ NOUN NOUN O O O O VERB VERB O NOUN VERB O NOUN NOUN O O NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN NOUN NOUN O


In the USA on the other hand , a good deal of useful research in these areas has been undertaken .

in the usa on the other hand , a good deal of useful research in these area have be undertake .

IN DT NNP IN DT JJ NN , DT JJ NN IN JJ NN IN DT NNS VBZ VBN VBN .

O O NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN VERB VERB VERB O


This research is brought together in very useful reports produced by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Tennessee ( Sorenson et al. 1987 ; Vogt and Sorenson 1987 ) and the Disaster Research Centre , University of Delaware .

this research be bring together in very useful report produce by the oak ridge national laboratory , tennessee ( sorenson et al. 1987 ; vogt and sorenson 1987 ) and the disaster research centre , university of delaware .

DT NN VBZ VBN RB IN RB JJ NNS VBN IN DT NNP NNP NNP NNP , NNP -LRB- NNP NNP NN CD : NNP CC NNP CD -RRB- CC DT NNP NNP NNP , NNP IN NNP .

O NOUN VERB VERB ADV O ADV ADJ NOUN VERB O O NOUN NOUN NOUN NOUN O NOUN O NOUN NOUN NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN O O O O NOUN NOUN NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O


Perry ( 1985 ) has written an interesting book on emergency planning and evacuation , covering both natural and technological hazards .

perry ( 1985 ) have write an interesting book on emergency planning and evacuation , cover both natural and technological hazard .

NNP -LRB- CD -RRB- VBZ VBN DT JJ NN IN NN NN CC NN , VBG CC JJ CC JJ NNS .

NOUN O O O VERB VERB O ADJ NOUN O NOUN NOUN O NOUN O VERB O ADJ O ADJ NOUN O


For him , comprehensive emergency planning and management involve : prevention , protection , response and restoration .

for he , comprehensive emergency planning and management involve : prevention , protection , response and restoration .

IN PRP , JJ NN NN CC NN VBP : NN , NN , NN CC NN .

O O O ADJ NOUN NOUN O NOUN VERB O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O


By prevention we understand the elimination or reduction in risk , perhaps by adequate zoning or safe routeing of shipments , for instance .

by prevention we understand the elimination or reduction in risk , perhaps by adequate zoning or safe routeing of shipment , for instance .

IN NN PRP VBP DT NN CC NN IN NN , RB IN JJ NN CC JJ NN IN NNS , IN NN .

O NOUN O VERB O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O ADV O ADJ NOUN O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O O NOUN O


Included in protection are methods for detecting likely hazard events and in warning those likely to be affected .

include in protection be method for detect likely hazard event and in warn those likely to be affect .

VBN IN NN VBP NNS IN VBG JJ NN NNS CC IN VBG DT JJ TO VB VBN .

VERB O NOUN VERB NOUN O VERB ADJ NOUN NOUN O O VERB O ADJ O VERB VERB O


Response includes search and rescue ( including the need to cope with secondary threats such as contamination of water supplies after an explosion , or fire following an earthquake ) .

response include search and rescue ( include the need to cope with secondary threat such as contamination of water supply after an explosion , or fire follow an earthquake ) .

NN VBZ NN CC NN -LRB- VBG DT NN TO VB IN JJ NNS JJ IN NN IN NN NNS IN DT NN , CC NN VBG DT NN -RRB- .

NOUN VERB NOUN O NOUN O VERB O NOUN O VERB O ADJ NOUN ADJ O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O O NOUN O O NOUN VERB O NOUN O O


It should be clear from this brief description that these issues are inherently geographical .

it should be clear from this brief description that these issue be inherently geographical .

PRP MD VB JJ IN DT JJ NN WDT DT NNS VBP RB JJ .

O O VERB ADJ O O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN VERB ADV ADJ O


In one of the few studies of evacuation behaviour after a non-nuclear hazard event Liverman and Wilson ( 1981 ) give weight to this argument .

in one of the few study of evacuation behaviour after a non-nuclear hazard event liverman and wilson ( 1981 ) give weight to this argument .

IN CD IN DT JJ NNS IN NN NN IN DT JJ NN NN NNP CC NNP -LRB- CD -RRB- VB NN IN DT NN .

O O O O ADJ NOUN O NOUN NOUN O O ADJ NOUN NOUN NOUN O NOUN O O O VERB NOUN O O NOUN O


In 1979 a train carrying chlorine , liquid petroleum , toluene and propane was derailed in Mississauga , Ontario , causing a series of explosions .

in 1979 a train carry chlorine , liquid petroleum , toluene and propane be derail in mississauga , ontario , cause a series of explosion .

IN CD DT NN VBG NN , JJ NN , NN CC NN VBD VBN IN NNP , NNP , VBG DT NN IN NNS .

O O O NOUN VERB NOUN O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O NOUN VERB VERB O NOUN O NOUN O VERB O NOUN O NOUN O


This led to the evacuation of 250 000 people which , although staggered over several days , led to great pressure on transport arteries .

this lead to the evacuation of 250 000 people which , although stagger over several day , lead to great pressure on transport artery .

DT VBD IN DT NN IN CD CD NNS WDT , IN VBN IN JJ NNS , VBD IN JJ NN IN NN NNS .

O VERB O O NOUN O O O NOUN O O O VERB O ADJ NOUN O VERB O ADJ NOUN O NOUN NOUN O


An important finding was that many relied on their own transport and went to stay with friends and relatives some distance away , rather than relying on the 19 official evacuation reception centres .

an important finding be that many rely on their own transport and go to stay with friend and relative some distance away , rather than rely on the 19 official evacuation reception centre .

DT JJ NN VBD IN JJ VBD IN PRP$ JJ NN CC VBD TO VB IN NNS CC NNS DT NN RB , RB IN VBG IN DT CD JJ NN NN NNS .

O ADJ NOUN VERB O ADJ VERB O O ADJ NOUN O VERB O VERB O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN ADV O ADV O VERB O O O ADJ NOUN NOUN NOUN O


Despite this , the evacuation was successful , partly because the accident occurred at a weekend and the immediately affected area was sparsely populated .

despite this , the evacuation be successful , partly because the accident occur at a weekend and the immediately affect area be sparsely populate .

IN DT , DT NN VBD JJ , RB IN DT NN VBD IN DT NN CC DT RB VBN NN VBD RB VBN .

O O O O NOUN VERB ADJ O ADV O O NOUN VERB O O NOUN O O ADV VERB NOUN VERB ADV VERB O


In the UK there is no equivalent , though the spate of disasters in the past 4 years ( involving over 1000 lives lost ) has led to several calls for such a national body to be established .

in the uk there be no equivalent , though the spate of disaster in the past 4 year ( involve over 1000 life lose ) have lead to several call for such a national body to be establish .

IN DT NNP EX VBZ DT JJ , IN DT NN IN NNS IN DT JJ CD NNS -LRB- VBG IN CD NNS VBN -RRB- VBZ VBN IN JJ NNS IN PDT DT JJ NN TO VB VBN .

O O NOUN O VERB O ADJ O O O NOUN O NOUN O O ADJ O NOUN O VERB O O NOUN VERB O VERB VERB O ADJ NOUN O O O ADJ NOUN O VERB VERB O


In this short space it is not possible to go into any depth on the nature of particular natural hazards but only to highlight those aspects relevant to GIS .

in this short space it be not possible to go into any depth on the nature of particular natural hazard but only to highlight those aspect relevant to gis .

IN DT JJ NN PRP VBZ RB JJ TO VB IN DT NN IN DT NN IN JJ JJ NNS CC RB TO VB DT NNS JJ IN NNP .

O O ADJ NOUN O VERB ADV ADJ O VERB O O NOUN O O NOUN O ADJ ADJ NOUN O ADV O VERB O NOUN ADJ O NOUN O


Needless to say , the study of natural hazards is important , a statement brought into sharp focus by the fact that natural hazards account for up to 4 per cent of total deaths in the world each year ( Mitchell , 1974 ) .

needless to say , the study of natural hazard be important , a statement bring into sharp focus by the fact that natural hazard account for up to 4 per cent of total death in the world each year ( mitchell , 1974 ) .

JJ TO VB , DT NN IN JJ NNS VBZ JJ , DT NN VBN IN JJ NN IN DT NN IN JJ NNS VBP IN IN TO CD IN NN IN JJ NNS IN DT NN DT NN -LRB- NNP , CD -RRB- .

ADJ O VERB O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN VERB ADJ O O NOUN VERB O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN VERB O O O O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O O O O


In 1970 , for example , more than 200 000 people died in the cyclone and flooding of Bangladesh and in 1979 the hurricanes David and Frederick caused more than $3bn damage in the USA .

in 1970 , for example , more than 200 000 people die in the cyclone and flooding of bangladesh and in 1979 the hurricane david and frederick cause more than $3bn damage in the usa .

IN CD , IN NN , JJR IN CD CD NNS VBD IN DT NN CC NN IN NNP CC IN CD DT NNS NNP CC NNP VBD JJR IN NN NN IN DT NNP .

O O O O NOUN O ADJ O O O NOUN VERB O O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O O O O NOUN NOUN O NOUN VERB ADJ O NOUN NOUN O O NOUN O


Shah ( 1983 ) made a comprehensive investigation of natural disaster reports for the period 1974–80 and concluded that both disaster frequency and magnitude ( measured in terms of lives lost ) are increasing .

shah ( 1983 ) make a comprehensive investigation of natural disaster report for the period 1974–80 and conclude that both disaster frequency and magnitude ( measure in term of life lose ) be increase .

NN -LRB- CD -RRB- VBD DT JJ NN IN JJ NN NNS IN DT NN NNP CC VBD IN DT NN NN CC NN -LRB- VBN IN NNS IN NNS VBN -RRB- VBP VBG .

NOUN O O O VERB O ADJ NOUN O ADJ NOUN NOUN O O NOUN NOUN O VERB O O NOUN NOUN O NOUN O VERB O NOUN O NOUN VERB O VERB VERB O


High death tolls are still a characteristic of less developed , low-income countries .

high death toll be still a characteristic of less develop , low-income country .

JJ NN NNS VBP RB DT NN IN RBR VBN , JJ NNS .

ADJ NOUN NOUN VERB ADV O NOUN O ADV VERB O ADJ NOUN O


Research on natural hazards has a long tradition in geography going back more than half a century .

research on natural hazard have a long tradition in geography go back more than half a century .

NN IN JJ NNS VBZ DT JJ NN IN NN VBG RB JJR IN PDT DT NN .

NOUN O ADJ NOUN VERB O ADJ NOUN O NOUN VERB ADV ADJ O O O NOUN O


Much of the impetus for such research arose in the USA from observations on river basin management and the need to reduce flood damage .

much of the impetus for such research arise in the usa from observation on river basin management and the need to reduce flood damage .

JJ IN DT NN IN JJ NN VBD IN DT NNP IN NNS IN NN NN NN CC DT NN TO VB NN NN .

ADJ O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN VERB O O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN NOUN NOUN O O NOUN O VERB NOUN NOUN O


This emphasis is partly due to the background of the researchers involved ( many are human geographers and sociologists ) and partly because it is only really since the Second World War that major hazards have been monitored systematically , culminating , of course , in the last decade or so in the use of satellite technology .

this emphasis be partly due to the background of the researcher involve ( many be human geographer and sociologist ) and partly because it be only really since the second world war that major hazard have be monitor systematically , culminate , of course , in the last decade or so in the use of satellite technology .

DT NN VBZ RB JJ IN DT NN IN DT NNS VBN -LRB- JJ VBP JJ NNS CC NNS -RRB- CC RB IN PRP VBZ RB RB IN DT NNP NNP NNP IN JJ NNS VBP VBN VBN RB , VBG , IN NN , IN DT JJ NN CC RB IN DT NN IN NN NN .

O NOUN VERB ADV ADJ O O NOUN O O NOUN VERB O ADJ VERB ADJ NOUN O NOUN O O ADV O O VERB ADV ADV O O NOUN NOUN NOUN O ADJ NOUN VERB VERB VERB ADV O VERB O O NOUN O O O ADJ NOUN O ADV O O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O


Brief reference to two examples of natural hazards may illustrate the potential relevance of a GIS approach , applications of which are considered below .

brief reference to two example of natural hazard may illustrate the potential relevance of a gis approach , application of which be consider below .

JJ NN IN CD NNS IN JJ NNS MD VB DT JJ NN IN DT NN NN , NNS IN WDT VBP VBN RB .

ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O VERB O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN NOUN O NOUN O O VERB VERB ADV O


More to the point , however , is the fact that this distribution can be modelled in terms of slopes , rainfall , rock types and so on .

more to the point , however , be the fact that this distribution can be model in term of slope , rainfall , rock type and so on .

JJR IN DT NN , RB , VBZ DT NN IN DT NN MD VB VBN IN NNS IN NNS , NN , NN NNS CC RB RB .

ADJ O O NOUN O ADV O VERB O NOUN O O NOUN O VERB VERB O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O ADV ADV O


The potential benefits to insurance companies , engineers and planners are clear .

the potential benefit to insurance company , engineer and planner be clear .

DT JJ NNS IN NN NNS , NNS CC NNS VBP JJ .

O ADJ NOUN O NOUN NOUN O NOUN O NOUN VERB ADJ O


Predictive models of its distribution have clear implications for road and air safety .

predictive model of its distribution have clear implication for road and air safety .

JJ NNS IN PRP$ NN VBP JJ NNS IN NN CC NN NN .

ADJ NOUN O O NOUN VERB ADJ NOUN O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O


Perry ( 1981 ) describes a fog potential index that is a function of local topography , environmental features affecting fog formation and distance from standing water bodies .

perry ( 1981 ) describe a fog potential index that be a function of local topography , environmental feature affect fog formation and distance from stand water body .

NNP -LRB- CD -RRB- VBZ DT NN JJ NN WDT VBZ DT NN IN JJ NN , JJ NNS VBG NN NN CC NN IN VBG NN NNS .

NOUN O O O VERB O NOUN ADJ NOUN O VERB O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O ADJ NOUN VERB NOUN NOUN O NOUN O VERB NOUN NOUN O


The majority of natural hazard research has focused on single hazards but of course any area may be prone to more than one hazard type .

the majority of natural hazard research have focus on single hazard but of course any area may be prone to more than one hazard type .

DT NN IN JJ NN NN VBZ VBN IN JJ NNS CC IN NN DT NN MD VB JJ IN JJR IN CD NN NN .

O NOUN O ADJ NOUN NOUN VERB VERB O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN O VERB ADJ O ADJ O O NOUN NOUN O


The implications for GIS in the development of ‘ hazardousness ’ indices are obvious and if time-series data are available there is the potential to produce a variety of probability maps .

the implication for gis in the development of ' hazardousness ' index be obvious and if time-serie datum be available there be the potential to produce a variety of probability map .

DT NNS IN NN IN DT NN IN `` NNP '' NNS VBP JJ CC IN NNS NNS VBP JJ EX VBZ DT NN TO VB DT NN IN NN NNS .

O NOUN O NOUN O O NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN VERB ADJ O O NOUN NOUN VERB ADJ O VERB O NOUN O VERB O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O


The collection of historical data on natural hazards is important since it is clear that their spatial pattern varies through time .

the collection of historical datum on natural hazard be important since it be clear that their spatial pattern vary through time .

DT NN IN JJ NNS IN JJ NNS VBZ JJ IN PRP VBZ JJ IN PRP$ JJ NN VBZ IN NN .

O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O ADJ NOUN VERB ADJ O O VERB ADJ O O ADJ NOUN VERB O NOUN O


This is perhaps best illustrated with reference to earthquakes .

this be perhaps well illustrate with reference to earthquake .


This is , of course , a vast subject area , embracing the impact of the natural and technological environments on human health .

this be , of course , a vast subject area , embrace the impact of the natural and technological environment on human health .

DT VBZ , IN NN , DT JJ NN NN , VBG DT NN IN DT JJ CC JJ NNS IN JJ NN .

O VERB O O NOUN O O ADJ NOUN NOUN O VERB O NOUN O O ADJ O ADJ NOUN O ADJ NOUN O


The latter houses the Small Area Health Statistics Research Unit ( SAHSRU ) , which has a specific remit to conduct research into morbidity and mortality at local scales ( Elliot 1988 ) .

the latter house the small area health statistics research unit ( sahsru ) , which have a specific remit to conduct research into morbidity and mortality at local scale ( elliot 1988 ) .

DT JJ VBZ DT NNP NNP NNP NNPS NNP NNP -LRB- NNP -RRB- , WDT VBZ DT JJ NN TO VB NN IN NN CC NN IN JJ NNS -LRB- NNP CD -RRB- .

O ADJ VERB O NOUN NOUN NOUN NOUN NOUN NOUN O NOUN O O O VERB O ADJ NOUN O VERB NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O O O


The kinds of databases used by these groups are discussed below .

the kind of database use by these group be discuss below .

DT NNS IN NNS VBN IN DT NNS VBP VBN RB .

O NOUN O NOUN VERB O O NOUN VERB VERB ADV O


Greenberg ( 1983 ) and a collection of papers in Greenberg ( 1987 ) review some of the literature on environmental epidemiology .

greenberg ( 1983 ) and a collection of paper in greenberg ( 1987 ) review some of the literature on environmental epidemiology .

NNP -LRB- CD -RRB- CC DT NN IN NNS IN NNP -LRB- CD -RRB- VBP DT IN DT NN IN JJ NN .

NOUN O O O O O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O O O VERB O O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O


It seems worth stating at the outset that there are two ways geographical research in this general area can proceed .

it seem worth state at the outset that there be two way geographical research in this general area can proceed .

PRP VBZ JJ VBG IN DT NN IN EX VBP CD NNS JJ NN IN DT JJ NN MD VB .

O VERB ADJ VERB O O NOUN O O VERB O NOUN ADJ NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O VERB O


One is to collect morbidity and mortality data ( usually the latter is more widely available , though the former more useful ) and to examine spatial distributions for clustering .

one be to collect morbidity and mortality datum ( usually the latter be more widely available , though the former more useful ) and to examine spatial distribution for cluster .

CD VBZ TO VB NN CC NN NNS -LRB- RB DT JJ VBZ RBR RB JJ , IN DT JJ RBR JJ -RRB- CC TO VB JJ NNS IN VBG .

O VERB O VERB NOUN O NOUN NOUN O ADV O ADJ VERB ADV ADV ADJ O O O ADJ ADV ADJ O O O VERB ADJ NOUN O VERB O


We then search retrospectively for evidence of possible environmental associations .

we then search retrospectively for evidence of possible environmental association .


An alternative approach is to begin by hypothesizing an environmental determinant of ill health and to collect data to test an explicit hypothesis .

an alternative approach be to begin by hypothesize an environmental determinant of ill health and to collect datum to test an explicit hypothesis .

DT JJ NN VBZ TO VB IN VBG DT JJ NN IN JJ NN CC TO VB NNS TO VB DT JJ NN .

O ADJ NOUN VERB O VERB O VERB O ADJ NOUN O ADJ NOUN O O VERB NOUN O VERB O ADJ NOUN O


Of course , these two approaches are not clear-cut in practice ; in many cases the hypotheses of interest will have themselves been generated by inductive mapping .

of course , these two approach be not clear-cut in practice ; in many case the hypothesis of interest will have themselves be generate by inductive mapping .

RB RB , DT CD NNS VBP RB JJ IN NN : IN JJ NNS DT NNS IN NN MD VB PRP VBN VBN IN JJ NN .

ADV ADV O O O NOUN VERB ADV ADJ O NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O VERB O VERB VERB O ADJ NOUN O


One example of an hypothesis which has been given serious attention in recent years is the possible link between electromagnetic fields generated by high-voltage power lines or supply cables and ill health .

one example of an hypothesis which have be give serious attention in recent year be the possible link between electromagnetic field generate by high-voltage power line or supply cable and ill health .

CD NN IN DT NN WDT VBZ VBN VBN JJ NN IN JJ NNS VBZ DT JJ NN IN JJ NNS VBN IN NN NN NNS CC NN NNS CC JJ NN .

O NOUN O O NOUN O VERB VERB VERB ADJ NOUN O ADJ NOUN VERB O ADJ NOUN O ADJ NOUN VERB O NOUN NOUN NOUN O NOUN NOUN O ADJ NOUN O


A good bibliography is provided in Perry and Pearl ( 1988 ) .

a good bibliography be provide in perry and pearl ( 1988 ) .

DT JJ NN VBZ VBN IN NNP CC NNP -LRB- CD -RRB- .

O ADJ NOUN VERB VERB O NOUN O NOUN O O O O


One obvious problem , with implications for any GIS input , is that the effects are highly localized , with little measurable field effect more than a few dozen metres away from the route centre-lines .

one obvious problem , with implication for any gis input , be that the effect be highly localize , with little measurable field effect more than a few dozen metre away from the route centre-line .

CD JJ NN , IN NNS IN DT NN NN , VBZ IN DT NNS VBP RB VBN , IN JJ JJ NN VBP JJR IN DT JJ NN NNS RB IN DT NN NNS .

O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O O NOUN NOUN O VERB O O NOUN VERB ADV VERB O O ADJ ADJ NOUN VERB ADJ O O ADJ NOUN NOUN ADV O O NOUN NOUN O


Accuracy of digital data collection ( either of the power lines or residential locations ) is paramount .

accuracy of digital datum collection ( either of the power line or residential location ) be paramount .

NNP IN JJ NNS NN -LRB- DT IN DT NN NNS CC JJ NNS -RRB- VBZ JJ .

NOUN O ADJ NOUN NOUN O O O O NOUN NOUN O ADJ NOUN O VERB ADJ O


GIS work in this field ( e.g. Matthews 1989 ) is reviewed later , but we note here the work of the applied geochemistry group at Imperial College ( responsible for a series of atlases on regional geochemistry ) and the existence of a Society for Environmental Geochemistry and Health .

gis work in this field ( e.g. matthews 1989 ) be review later , but we note here the work of the apply geochemistry group at imperial college ( responsible for a series of atlas on regional geochemistry ) and the existence of a society for environmental geochemistry and health .

NN NN IN DT NN -LRB- NNP NNP CD -RRB- VBZ VBN RB , CC PRP VBP RB DT NN IN DT VBN NN NN IN NNP NNP -LRB- JJ IN DT NN IN NNS IN JJ NN -RRB- CC DT NN IN DT NNP IN NNP NNP CC NNP .

NOUN NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O O VERB VERB ADV O O O VERB ADV O NOUN O O VERB NOUN NOUN O NOUN NOUN O ADJ O O NOUN O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O O O NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O NOUN O


This is taken very seriously in the USA , where the Environmental Protection Agency estimates that 10 000–20 000 deaths from lung cancer each year are due to radon gas exposure .

this be take very seriously in the usa , where the environmental protection agency estimate that 10 000–20 000 death from lung cancer each year be due to radon gas exposure .

DT VBZ VBN RB RB IN DT NNP , WRB DT NNP NNP NNP VBZ IN CD NN CD NNS IN NN NN DT NN VBP JJ IN NNP NN NN .

O VERB VERB ADV ADV O O NOUN O O O NOUN NOUN NOUN VERB O O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O NOUN VERB ADJ O NOUN NOUN NOUN O


Estimates from Scandinavia suggest that 10–30 per cent of such deaths are caused by exposure to radon ( Richardson 1988 : 270–81 ) .

estimate from scandinavia suggest that 10–30 per cent of such death be cause by exposure to radon ( richardson 1988 : 270–81 ) .

NNS IN NNP VB IN CD IN NN IN JJ NNS VBP VBN IN NN IN NNP -LRB- NNP CD : NNS -RRB- .

NOUN O NOUN VERB O O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN VERB VERB O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O O NOUN O O


The gas is trapped in well-insulated houses and is produced by the decay of uranium in rocks and soil ; thus it has been measured at high concentrations in parts of Cornwall and Devon .

the gas be trap in well-insulated house and be produce by the decay of uranium in rock and soil ; thus it have be measure at high concentration in part of cornwall and devon .

DT NN VBZ VBN IN JJ NNS CC VBZ VBN IN DT NN IN NN IN NNS CC NN : RB PRP VBZ VBN VBN IN JJ NNS IN NNS IN NNP CC NNP .

O NOUN VERB VERB O ADJ NOUN O VERB VERB O O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O ADV O VERB VERB VERB O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O


There are great difficulties in assessing health effects , however , since exposure varies greatly from house to house within small neighbourhoods .

there be great difficulty in assess health effect , however , since exposure vary greatly from house to house within small neighbourhood .

EX VBP JJ NNS IN VBG NN NNS , RB , IN NN VBZ RB IN NN IN NN IN JJ NNS .

O VERB ADJ NOUN O VERB NOUN NOUN O ADV O O NOUN VERB ADV O NOUN O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O


The debate about lead pollution from vehicle exhaust emissions is well known ; less publicity has been given to PAHs ( polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons ) , a product of combustion processes and known to be carcinogenic ( Lioy and Daisey 1987 ) .

the debate about lead pollution from vehicle exhaust emission be well know ; less publicity have be give to pah ( polychlorinate aromatic hydrocarbon ) , a product of combustion process and know to be carcinogenic ( lioy and daisey 1987 ) .

DT NN IN NN NN IN NN NN NNS VBZ RB VBN : JJR NN VBZ VBN VBN IN NNS -LRB- VBN JJ NNS -RRB- , DT NN IN NN NNS CC VBN TO VB JJ -LRB- NNP CC NNP CD -RRB- .

O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O NOUN NOUN NOUN VERB ADV VERB O ADJ NOUN VERB VERB VERB O NOUN O VERB ADJ NOUN O O O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O VERB O VERB ADJ O NOUN O NOUN O O O


Research at the North West Regional Research Laboratory ( NWRRL ) aims to create buffers around busy roads and junctions and to use data from the Cancer Registry to examine possible links between proximity to such sources of pollution and prevalence of lung cancer .

research at the north west regional research laboratory ( nwrrl ) aim to create buffer around busy road and junction and to use datum from the cancer registry to examine possible link between proximity to such source of pollution and prevalence of lung cancer .

NN IN DT NNP NNP NNP NNP NNP -LRB- RB -RRB- VBZ TO VB NNS IN JJ NNS CC NNS CC TO VB NNS IN DT NNP NNP TO VB JJ NNS IN NN IN JJ NNS IN NN CC NN IN NN NN .

NOUN O O NOUN NOUN NOUN NOUN NOUN O ADV O VERB O VERB NOUN O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O O VERB NOUN O O NOUN NOUN O VERB ADJ NOUN O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O


Those with an interest in health and air pollution should note the availability of a very detailed database from the Warren Springs Laboratory , containing details of smoke and sulphur dioxide emissions at a large number of sites in the UK .

those with an interest in health and air pollution should note the availability of a very detailed database from the warren springs laboratory , contain detail of smoke and sulphur dioxide emission at a large number of site in the uk .

DT IN DT NN IN NN CC NN NN MD VB DT NN IN DT RB JJ NN IN DT NNP NNP NNP , VBG NNS IN NN CC NN NN NNS IN DT JJ NN IN NNS IN DT NNP .

O O O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O VERB O NOUN O O ADV ADJ NOUN O O NOUN NOUN NOUN O VERB NOUN O NOUN O NOUN NOUN NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O O NOUN O


The possible link between nitrates in water and stomach cancer is the subject of much debate ( Beresford 1985 ) , as is the association between aluminium content and Alzheimer 's disease .

the possible link between nitrate in water and stomach cancer be the subject of much debate ( beresford 1985 ) , as be the association between aluminium content and alzheimer 's disease .

DT JJ NN IN NNS IN NN CC NN NN VBZ DT NN IN JJ NN -LRB- NNP CD -RRB- , IN VBZ DT NN IN NN NN CC NNP POS NN .

O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN NOUN VERB O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O O O O VERB O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O


As we have already implied , GIS has a role to play in all aspects of hazard research , from hazard monitoring , risk assessment and emergency planning to coping with an event and evaluating its consequences .

as we have already imply , gis have a role to play in all aspect of hazard research , from hazard monitoring , risk assessment and emergency planning to cope with an event and evaluate its consequence .

IN PRP VBP RB VBN , NNP VBZ DT NN TO VB IN DT NNS IN NN NN , IN NN NN , NN NN CC NN NN IN VBG IN DT NN CC VBG PRP$ NNS .

O O VERB ADV VERB O NOUN VERB O NOUN O VERB O O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O O NOUN NOUN O NOUN NOUN O NOUN NOUN O VERB O O NOUN O VERB O NOUN O


The examples described below illustrate all these , though as yet there do not appear to be many instances of disasters in the management of which GIS has played a significant part .

the example describe below illustrate all these , though as yet there do not appear to be many instance of disaster in the management of which gis have play a significant part .

DT NNS VBN IN VB PDT DT , IN IN RB EX VBP RB VB TO VB JJ NNS IN NNS IN DT NN IN WDT NNP VBZ VBN DT JJ NN .

O NOUN VERB O VERB O O O O O ADV O VERB ADV VERB O VERB ADJ NOUN O NOUN O O NOUN O O NOUN VERB VERB O ADJ NOUN O


Technological hazards , emergency planning and GIS

technological hazard , emergency planning and gis


A considerable amount of research has been undertaken to apply GIS methods to evacuation scenarios around hazardous sites .

a considerable amount of research have be undertake to apply gis method to evacuation scenario around hazardous site .

DT JJ NN IN NN VBZ VBN VBN TO VB NN NNS TO VB NNS IN JJ NNS .

O ADJ NOUN O NOUN VERB VERB VERB O VERB NOUN NOUN O VERB NOUN O ADJ NOUN O


Reference was made above to so-called CIMAH sites , major hazardous installations for which on-site and off-site emergency plans must be prepared .

reference be make above to so-calle cimah site , major hazardous installation for which on-site and off-site emergency plan must be prepare .

NN VBD VBN RB TO VBN NNP NNS , JJ JJ NNS IN WDT JJ CC JJ NN NNS MD VB VBN .

NOUN VERB VERB ADV O VERB NOUN NOUN O ADJ ADJ NOUN O O ADJ O ADJ NOUN NOUN O VERB VERB O


Early research at the NWRRL focused on developing a GIS for use by the police and county emergency planning officers in Cumbria that would aid in the management of a possible explosion at a chemical factory in Whitehaven , west Cumbria ( Vincent et al. 1988 ; Dunn 1989 ) .

early research at the nwrrl focus on develop a gis for use by the police and county emergency planning officer in cumbria that would aid in the management of a possible explosion at a chemical factory in whitehaven , west cumbria ( vincent et al. 1988 ; dunn 1989 ) .

JJ NN IN DT NNP VBD IN VBG DT NN IN NN IN DT NN CC NN NN NN NNS IN NNP WDT MD VB IN DT NN IN DT JJ NN IN DT JJ NN IN NNP , NNP NNP -LRB- NNP NN NN CD : NNP CD -RRB- .

ADJ NOUN O O NOUN VERB O VERB O NOUN O NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN NOUN NOUN NOUN O NOUN O O VERB O O NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O NOUN NOUN NOUN O O NOUN O O O


The police required a portable system that could be implemented on an IBM-compatible microcomputer .

the police require a portable system that could be implement on an ibm-compatible microcomputer .

DT NNS VBD DT JJ NN WDT MD VB VBN IN DT JJ NN .

O NOUN VERB O ADJ NOUN O O VERB VERB O O ADJ NOUN O


It opens with an outline map and the superimposition of the rather rigid zones used by the emergency planners .

it open with an outline map and the superimposition of the rather rigid zone use by the emergency planner .

PRP VBZ IN DT NN NN CC DT NN IN DT RB JJ NNS VBN IN DT NN NNS .

O VERB O O NOUN NOUN O O NOUN O O ADV ADJ NOUN VERB O O NOUN NOUN O


Full zoom facilities are available at any stage .

full zoom facility be available at any stage .


In any emergency it is of course vital to have high-quality data on the distribution of population and resources .

in any emergency it be of course vital to have high-quality datum on the distribution of population and resource .

IN DT NN PRP VBZ IN NN JJ TO VB JJ NNS IN DT NN IN NN CC NNS .

O O NOUN O VERB O NOUN ADJ O VERB ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O


The system incorporates digitized data on the distribution of all domestic and non-domestic properties in the town together with digitized road centre-line data .

the system incorporate digitize datum on the distribution of all domestic and non-domestic property in the town together with digitize road centre-line datum .

DT NN VBZ VBD NNS IN DT NN IN DT JJ CC JJ NNS IN DT NN RB IN VBN NN JJ NNS .

O NOUN VERB VERB NOUN O O NOUN O O ADJ O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN ADV O VERB NOUN ADJ NOUN O


Both sets of data were provided by Pinpoint Analysis Ltd , who are undertaking this digitizing task for the entire country .

both set of datum be provide by pinpoint analysis ltd , who be undertake this digitizing task for the entire country .

DT NNS IN NNS VBD VBN IN NNP NNP NNP , WP VBP VBG DT NN NN IN DT JJ NN .

O NOUN O NOUN VERB VERB O NOUN NOUN NOUN O O VERB VERB O NOUN NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O


Other spatially referenced data incorporated into the system include those on the distribution of schools , medical and transport services which can be displayed and supplementary information about them obtained .

other spatially reference datum incorporate into the system include those on the distribution of school , medical and transport service which can be display and supplementary information about they obtain .

JJ RB VBD NNS VBN IN DT NN VBP DT IN DT NN IN NNS , JJ CC NN NNS WDT MD VB VBN CC JJ NN IN PRP VBN .

ADJ ADV VERB NOUN VERB O O NOUN VERB O O O NOUN O NOUN O ADJ O NOUN NOUN O O VERB VERB O ADJ NOUN O O VERB O


The GIS permits population estimates to be made for any arbitrary rectangular region on the map .

the gis permit population estimate to be make for any arbitrary rectangular region on the map .

DT NNP VBZ NN NNS TO VB VBN IN DT JJ JJ NN IN DT NN .

O NOUN VERB NOUN NOUN O VERB VERB O O ADJ ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O


Using what would now be called GIS skills , Openshaw ( 1980 ) examined over 13 000 1 km grid squares in the UK which intersect the coastline and related these to data from the 1971 Census ( which were made available for such grid squares ) .

use what would now be call gis skill , openshaw ( 1980 ) examine over 13 000 1 km grid square in the uk which intersect the coastline and relate these to datum from the 1971 census ( which be make available for such grid square ) .

VBG WP MD RB VB VBN NN NNS , NNP -LRB- CD -RRB- VBD IN CD CD CD NN NN NNS IN DT NNP WDT VBP DT NN CC VBD DT IN NNS IN DT CD NNP -LRB- WDT VBD VBN JJ IN JJ NN NNS -RRB- .

VERB O O ADV VERB VERB NOUN NOUN O NOUN O O O VERB O O O O NOUN NOUN NOUN O O NOUN O VERB O NOUN O VERB O O NOUN O O O NOUN O O VERB VERB ADJ O ADJ NOUN NOUN O O


He demonstrated that there is an abundance of ‘ remote ’ sites , in contrast to the official view that such sites were increasingly hard to find .

he demonstrate that there be an abundance of ' remote ' site , in contrast to the official view that such site be increasingly hard to find .

PRP VBD IN EX VBZ DT NN IN `` JJ '' NNS , IN NN IN DT JJ NN IN JJ NNS VBD RB JJ TO VB .

O VERB O O VERB O NOUN O O ADJ O NOUN O O NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O ADJ NOUN VERB ADV ADJ O VERB O


Such data include those from the Population and Agricultural Censuses as well as point data from rain gauge sites and radiation monitoring stations .

such datum include those from the population and agricultural censuses as well as point datum from rain gauge site and radiation monitoring station .

JJ NNS VBP DT IN DT NNP CC NNP NNP RB RB IN NN NNS IN NN NN NNS CC NN NN NNS .

ADJ NOUN VERB O O O NOUN O NOUN NOUN ADV ADV O NOUN NOUN O NOUN NOUN NOUN O NOUN NOUN NOUN O


This is done by finding areas of high rainfall and parishes with high sheep populations .

this be do by find area of high rainfall and parish with high sheep population .

DT VBZ VBN IN VBG NNS IN JJ NN CC NNS IN JJ NN NNS .

O VERB VERB O VERB NOUN O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O ADJ NOUN NOUN O


The map overlay of point and area information shows generally good agreement with the restriction zones imposed by the Ministry of Agriculture , Fisheries and Food , with the exception of a small area to the south-east of Cumbria , bordering on Lancashire .

the map overlay of point and area information show generally good agreement with the restriction zone impose by the ministry of agriculture , fisheries and food , with the exception of a small area to the south-east of cumbria , border on lancashire .

DT NN NN IN NN CC NN NN VBZ RB JJ NN IN DT NN NNS VBN IN DT NNP IN NNP , NNPS CC NNP , IN DT NN IN DT JJ NN IN DT NN IN NNP , VBG IN NNP .

O NOUN NOUN O NOUN O NOUN NOUN VERB ADV ADJ NOUN O O NOUN NOUN VERB O O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O O O NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN O VERB O NOUN O


The British government carried out a review of its arrangements for handling nuclear accidents overseas following the Chernobyl accident .

the british government carry out a review of its arrangement for handle nuclear accident overseas follow the chernobyl accident .

DT JJ NN VBD RP DT NN IN PRP$ NNS IN VBG JJ NNS RB VBG DT NNP NN .

O ADJ NOUN VERB O O NOUN O O NOUN O VERB ADJ NOUN ADV VERB O NOUN NOUN O


The monitoring network has become known as the radioactive incident monitoring network ( RIMNET ) and has , as its prime responsibility , the detection of abnormal increases in radiation levels within the UK of the kind that might arise from an overseas nuclear accident .

the monitoring network have become know as the radioactive incident monitoring network ( rimnet ) and have , as its prime responsibility , the detection of abnormal increase in radiation level within the uk of the kind that might arise from an overseas nuclear accident .

DT NN NN VBZ VBN VBN IN DT JJ NN NN NN -LRB- NNP -RRB- CC VBZ , IN PRP$ JJ NN , DT NN IN JJ NNS IN NN NNS IN DT NNP IN DT NN WDT MD VB IN DT JJ JJ NN .

O NOUN NOUN VERB VERB VERB O O ADJ NOUN NOUN NOUN O NOUN O O VERB O O O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN O NOUN NOUN O O NOUN O O NOUN O O VERB O O ADJ ADJ NOUN O


The full implementation of the RIMNET system will take some time .

the full implementation of the rimnet system will take some time .

O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN NOUN O VERB O NOUN O


By the end of 1988 gamma radiation dose monitors had been installed at 46 meteorological stations as part of phase 1 of the development programme .

by the end of 1988 gamma radiation dose monitor have be instal at 46 meteorological station as part of phase 1 of the development programme .

IN DT NN IN CD NN NN NN NNS VBD VBN VBN IN CD JJ NNS IN NN IN NN CD IN DT NN NN .

O O NOUN O O NOUN NOUN NOUN NOUN VERB VERB VERB O O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O O O NOUN NOUN O


Radiation readings are taken every hour at each station and are transmitted to a central computer which analyses the data .

radiation reading be take every hour at each station and be transmit to a central computer which analyse the datum .

NN NNS VBP VBN DT NN IN DT NN CC VBP VBN IN DT JJ NN WDT VBZ DT NNS .

NOUN NOUN VERB VERB O NOUN O O NOUN O VERB VERB O O ADJ NOUN O VERB O NOUN O


The dissemination of information in the event of an incident is dealt with at three levels : the first is the normal system of press notices ; the second is the use of teletext and viewdata ( Ceefax and Prestel ) to get direct to members of the public at their homes or places of work ; the third is the use of Telecom Gold electronic mail to get more technical details to various official bodies , such as water authorities ( Jackson 1989 ) .

the dissemination of information in the event of an incident be deal with at three level : the first be the normal system of press notice ; the second be the use of teletext and viewdata ( ceefax and prestel ) to get direct to member of the public at their home or place of work ; the third be the use of telecom gold electronic mail to get more technical detail to various official body , such as water authority ( jackson 1989 ) .

DT NN IN NN IN DT NN IN DT NN VBZ VBN IN IN CD NNS : DT JJ VBZ DT JJ NN IN NN NNS : DT JJ VBZ DT NN IN NN CC NNP -LRB- NNP CC NNP -RRB- TO VB JJ IN NNS IN DT NN IN PRP$ NNS CC NNS IN NN : DT JJ VBZ DT NN IN NNP NNP JJ NN TO VB RBR JJ NNS IN JJ JJ NNS , JJ IN NN NNS -LRB- NNP CD -RRB- .

O NOUN O NOUN O O NOUN O O NOUN VERB VERB O O O NOUN O O ADJ VERB O ADJ NOUN O NOUN NOUN O O ADJ VERB O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O O VERB ADJ O NOUN O O NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O O ADJ VERB O NOUN O NOUN NOUN ADJ NOUN O VERB ADV ADJ NOUN O ADJ ADJ NOUN O ADJ O NOUN NOUN O NOUN O O O


Phase 2 of the RIMNET scheme will be completed by the end of 1991 when between 80 and 90 monitoring sites will have been established .

phase 2 of the rimnet scheme will be complete by the end of 1991 when between 80 and 90 monitoring site will have be establish .

NN CD IN DT NNP NN MD VB VBN IN DT NN IN CD WRB IN CD CC CD NN NNS MD VB VBN VBN .

NOUN O O O NOUN NOUN O VERB VERB O O NOUN O O O O O O O NOUN NOUN O VERB VERB VERB O


Abroad , Kaspar ( 1981 ) has discussed a computer-based exercise , with GIS overtones , involving the simulated evacuation of the population living in the vicinity of the Neckarwestheim nuclear power plant in Baden Württemberg .

abroad , kaspar ( 1981 ) have discuss a computer-based exercise , with gis overtone , involve the simulated evacuation of the population live in the vicinity of the neckarwestheim nuclear power plant in baden württemberg .

RB , NNP -LRB- CD -RRB- VBZ VBN DT JJ NN , IN NN NNS , VBG DT JJ NN IN DT NN VBG IN DT NN IN DT NNP JJ NN NN IN NNP NNP .

ADV O NOUN O O O VERB VERB O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN NOUN O VERB O ADJ NOUN O O NOUN VERB O O NOUN O O NOUN ADJ NOUN NOUN O NOUN NOUN O


In the scenario he outlines , an area affected by radioactive releases is determined , the population within that area is allocated to reception areas ( with capacity constraints ) , evacuation routes are identified and traffic restrictions implemented .

in the scenario he outline , an area affect by radioactive release be determine , the population within that area be allocate to reception area ( with capacity constraint ) , evacuation route be identify and traffic restriction implement .

IN DT NN PRP VBZ , DT NN VBN IN JJ NNS VBZ VBN , DT NN IN DT NN VBZ VBN IN NN NNS -LRB- IN NN NNS -RRB- , NN NNS VBP VBN CC NN NNS VBN .

O O NOUN O VERB O O NOUN VERB O ADJ NOUN VERB VERB O O NOUN O O NOUN VERB VERB O NOUN NOUN O O NOUN NOUN O O NOUN NOUN VERB VERB O NOUN NOUN VERB O


Allocation determines which arcs in the network will be allocated to a particular node or centre ; districting makes it possible to outline rapidly sets of polygons in order to define specific areas of interest ( districts ) and to summarize their characteristics ; routeing provides a minimum path algorithm through the network , the arcs of which can be assigned weights according to road conditions , road capacity and so on .

allocation determine which arc in the network will be allocate to a particular node or centre ; district make it possible to outline rapidly set of polygon in order to define specific area of interest ( district ) and to summarize their characteristic ; routeing provide a minimum path algorithm through the network , the arc of which can be assign weight accord to road condition , road capacity and so on .

NN VBZ WDT NNS IN DT NN MD VB VBN IN DT JJ NN CC NN : VBG VBZ PRP JJ TO VB RB NNS IN NNS IN NN TO VB JJ NNS IN NN -LRB- NNS -RRB- CC TO VB PRP$ NNS , NN VBZ DT JJ NN VB IN DT NN , DT NNS IN WDT MD VB VBN NNS VBG IN NN NNS , NN NN CC RB RB .

NOUN VERB O NOUN O O NOUN O VERB VERB O O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O VERB VERB O ADJ O VERB ADV NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O VERB ADJ NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O O O VERB O NOUN O NOUN VERB O ADJ NOUN VERB O O NOUN O O NOUN O O O VERB VERB NOUN VERB O NOUN NOUN O NOUN NOUN O ADV ADV O


When combined with the other facilities in ARC/INFO , quite complex disaster management scenarios can be handled .

when combine with the other facility in arc/info , quite complex disaster management scenario can be handle .

WRB VBN IN DT JJ NNS IN NN , RB JJ NN NN NNS MD VB VBN .

O VERB O O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O ADV ADJ NOUN NOUN NOUN O VERB VERB O


For example , earthquake fault zones can be combined with data on housing density and structural details to predict earthquake damage levels and these data then related to the network model .

for example , earthquake fault zone can be combine with datum on housing density and structural detail to predict earthquake damage level and these datum then relate to the network model .

IN NN , NN NN NNS MD VB VBN IN NNS IN NN NN CC JJ NNS TO VB NN NN NNS CC DT NNS RB VBN IN DT NN NN .

O NOUN O NOUN NOUN NOUN O VERB VERB O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O ADJ NOUN O VERB NOUN NOUN NOUN O O NOUN ADV VERB O O NOUN NOUN O


Vincent ( 1989 ) illustrates the use of ARC/INFO and its NETWORK module for finding safe routes for chlorine transhipment on the road and rail systems of north-west England ( Pl. 10.2 ) .

vincent ( 1989 ) illustrate the use of arc/info and its network module for find safe route for chlorine transhipment on the road and rail system of north-west england ( pl. 10.2 ) .

NNP -LRB- CD -RRB- VBZ DT NN IN NNP CC PRP$ NN NN IN VBG JJ NNS IN NN NN IN DT NN CC NN NNS IN JJ NNP -LRB- NNP CD -RRB- .

NOUN O O O VERB O NOUN O NOUN O O NOUN NOUN O VERB ADJ NOUN O NOUN NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O O O


In this case , population density data for a 1 km buffer on either side of network arcs were overlaid on the network itself so as to act as weights for the minimum path algorithm .

in this case , population density datum for a 1 km buffer on either side of network arc be overlaid on the network itself so as to act as weight for the minimum path algorithm .

IN DT NN , NN NN NNS IN DT CD NN NN IN DT NN IN NN NNS VBD JJ IN DT NN PRP IN IN TO VB IN NNS IN DT JJ NN NNP .

O O NOUN O NOUN NOUN NOUN O O O NOUN NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN NOUN VERB ADJ O O NOUN O O O O VERB O NOUN O O ADJ NOUN NOUN O


Chosen routes were those which minimized population rather than distance .

choose route be those which minimize population rather than distance .

VERB NOUN VERB O O VERB NOUN ADV O NOUN O


There can be little doubt that a GIS approach has wide applicability in all sorts of location problems where the goal is to minimize ( rather than , as conventionally , maximize ) accessibility to a population .

there can be little doubt that a gis approach have wide applicability in all sort of location problem where the goal be to minimize ( rather than , as conventionally , maximize ) accessibility to a population .

EX MD VB JJ NN IN DT NNP NN VBZ JJ NN IN DT NNS IN NN NNS WRB DT NN VBZ TO VB -LRB- RB IN , RB RB , VB -RRB- NN IN DT NN .

O O VERB ADJ NOUN O O NOUN NOUN VERB ADJ NOUN O O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O O NOUN VERB O VERB O ADV O O ADV ADV O VERB O NOUN O O NOUN O


The work of Carver ( see Openshaw et al. 1989 : Ch. 7 ) is an interesting example .

the work of carver ( see openshaw et al. 1989 : ch. 7 ) be an interesting example .

DT NN IN NNP -LRB- VBP NNP NN NN CD : NNP CD -RRB- VBZ DT JJ NN .

O NOUN O NOUN O VERB NOUN NOUN NOUN O O NOUN O O VERB O ADJ NOUN O


Conceptually , what is offered is little more than an automated ‘ sieve mapping ’ that land-use planners have used for many years , but the whole procedure is speeded up by many orders of magnitude using GIS software .

conceptually , what be offer be little more than an automate ' sieve mapping ' that land-use planner have use for many year , but the whole procedure be speed up by many order of magnitude use gis software .

RB , WP VBZ VBN VBZ JJ JJR IN DT VBN `` NNP NN '' IN JJ NNS VBP VBN IN JJ NNS , CC DT JJ NN VBZ VBN RP IN JJ NNS IN NN VBG NNP NN .

ADV O O VERB VERB VERB ADJ ADJ O O VERB O NOUN NOUN O O ADJ NOUN VERB VERB O ADJ NOUN O O O ADJ NOUN VERB VERB O O ADJ NOUN O NOUN VERB NOUN NOUN O


Data layers include geological maps , conservation areas , transport routes , petrochemical facilities and demographic data .

data layer include geological map , conservation area , transport route , petrochemical facility and demographic datum .

NN NNS VBP JJ NNS , NN NNS , NN NNS , NN NNS CC JJ NNS .

NOUN NOUN VERB ADJ NOUN O NOUN NOUN O NOUN NOUN O NOUN NOUN O ADJ NOUN O


As different layers are added sequentially we see how the proportion of available land shrinks ( Pl. 10.3 ) ; for instance , when geological criteria are set in the search for a deep repository , 25 per cent of land area remains and the addition of the population density layer reduces this to 24 per cent .

as different layer be add sequentially we see how the proportion of available land shrink ( pl. 10.3 ) ; for instance , when geological criterion be set in the search for a deep repository , 25 per cent of land area remain and the addition of the population density layer reduce this to 24 per cent .

IN JJ NNS VBP VBN RB PRP VBP WRB DT NN IN JJ NN NNS -LRB- NNP CD -RRB- : IN NN , WRB JJ NNS VBP VBN IN DT NN IN DT JJ NN , CD IN NN IN NN NN VBZ CC DT NN IN DT NN NN NN VBZ DT IN CD IN NN .

O ADJ NOUN VERB VERB ADV O VERB O O NOUN O ADJ NOUN NOUN O NOUN O O O O NOUN O O ADJ NOUN VERB VERB O O NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O O O NOUN O NOUN NOUN VERB O O NOUN O O NOUN NOUN NOUN VERB O O O O NOUN O


However , adding a proximity to transport constraint lowers this to 12 per cent ; and so on .

however , add a proximity to transport constraint lower this to 12 per cent ; and so on .

RB , VBG DT NN TO NN NN VBZ DT IN CD NN NN : CC RB RB .

ADV O VERB O NOUN O NOUN NOUN VERB O O O NOUN NOUN O O ADV ADV O


We can not pretend GIS is a solution to the political problems of negotiation and justification but at the very least the openness of the procedures goes some way towards satisfying a worried public .

we can not pretend gis be a solution to the political problem of negotiation and justification but at the very least the openness of the procedure go some way towards satisfy a worried public .

PRP MD RB VB NN VBZ DT NN IN DT JJ NNS IN NN CC NN CC IN DT RB JJS DT NN IN DT NNS VBZ DT NN IN VBG DT JJ NN .

O O ADV VERB NOUN VERB O NOUN O O ADJ NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O O O ADV ADJ O NOUN O O NOUN VERB O NOUN O VERB O ADJ NOUN O


GIS research into site selection for non-nuclear hazardous waste has been almost exclusively conducted in North America and has yet to be matched in the UK .

gis research into site selection for non-nuclear hazardous waste have be almost exclusively conduct in north america and have yet to be match in the uk .

NN NN IN NN NN IN JJ JJ NN VBZ VBN RB RB VBN IN NNP NNP CC VBZ RB TO VB VBN IN DT NNP .

NOUN NOUN O NOUN NOUN O ADJ ADJ NOUN VERB VERB ADV ADV VERB O NOUN NOUN O VERB ADV O VERB VERB O O NOUN O


The Comprehensive Environmental Response , Compensation and Liability Act ( CERCLA ) legislation of 1980 ( ‘ Superfund ’ ) requires the cleaning up of the worst landfill sites , of which some 800 had been identified by the Environmental Protection Agency by 1986 ( Foresman 1986 ) .

the comprehensive environmental response , compensation and liability act ( cercla ) legislation of 1980 ( ' superfund ' ) require the cleaning up of the bad landfill site , of which some 800 have be identify by the environmental protection agency by 1986 ( foresman 1986 ) .

DT NNP NNP NNP , NNP CC NNP NNP -LRB- NNP -RRB- NN IN CD -LRB- `` NNP '' -RRB- VBZ DT NN IN IN DT JJS NN NNS , IN WDT DT CD VBD VBN VBN IN DT NNP NNP NNP IN CD -LRB- NNP CD -RRB- .

O NOUN NOUN NOUN O NOUN O NOUN NOUN O NOUN O NOUN O O O O NOUN O O VERB O NOUN O O O ADJ NOUN NOUN O O O O O VERB VERB VERB O O NOUN NOUN NOUN O O O NOUN O O O


This is an important topic since 95 per cent of rural households in the USA consume only groundwater , while half the US population consumes at least some groundwater ( Merchant et al. 1987 ) .

this be an important topic since 95 per cent of rural household in the usa consume only groundwater , while half the us population consume at least some groundwater ( merchant et al. 1987 ) .

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Clearly , the research demands access to exceptionally good environmental data , usually in three dimensions .

clearly , the research demand access to exceptionally good environmental datum , usually in three dimension .

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Merchant et al. ( 1987 ) for example , use the image processing system ERDAS to construct an index of vulnerability to groundwater pollution ; this uses variables such as depth to water table , soil type , slope and so on ( see Estes et al. 1987 for a similar approach ) .

merchant et al. ( 1987 ) for example , use the image processing system erdas to construct an index of vulnerability to groundwater pollution ; this use variable such as depth to water table , soil type , slope and so on ( see estes et al. 1987 for a similar approach ) .

NN NN NN -LRB- CD -RRB- IN NN , VB DT NN NN NN NNPS TO VB DT NN IN NN TO VB NN : DT VBZ NNS JJ IN NN IN NN NN , NN NN , NN CC RB IN -LRB- VB NNPS NN NN CD IN DT JJ NN -RRB- .

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Again , a raster-based approach is used .

again , a raster-based approach be use .


A further example is work by von Braun ( 1988 ) who uses pMAP to look at exposure of organic and metallic compounds in groundwater in the vicinity of Tucson airport , Arizona .

a further example be work by von braun ( 1988 ) who use pmap to look at exposure of organic and metallic compound in groundwater in the vicinity of tucson airport , arizona .

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In principle , it is then possible to compare such ‘ doses ’ with epidemiological data , once again indicating a link from a hazard event to assessment of health outcomes .

in principle , it be then possible to compare such ' dose ' with epidemiological datum , once again indicate a link from a hazard event to assessment of health outcome .

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Attention should be drawn to Foresman 's comment that the US Geological Survey ( USGS ) ( at the EROS Data Centre ) have successfully linked ARC/INFO to a model of groundwater flow ( Foresman 1986 : 260 ) .

attention should be draw to foresman 's comment that the us geological survey ( usgs ) ( at the eros data centre ) have successfully link arc/info to a model of groundwater flow ( foresman 1986 : 260 ) .

NN MD VB VBN IN NNP POS NN IN DT NNP NNP NNP -LRB- NNP -RRB- -LRB- IN DT NNP NNP NNP -RRB- VBP RB VBN NN IN DT NN IN NN NN -LRB- NNP CD : CD -RRB- .

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Several studies in recent papers have shown the effectiveness of GIS in mitigating the effects of major natural hazards .

several study in recent paper have show the effectiveness of gis in mitigate the effect of major natural hazard .

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Hurricane damage through high winds and tidal surges causes an immense amount of destruction and poses a major threat to many coastal communities in the USA .

hurricane damage through high wind and tidal surge cause an immense amount of destruction and pose a major threat to many coastal community in the usa .

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It has been estimated , for example , that during the mid 1970s some 50 million US citizens were subject to hurricane winds of over 160 km/h and 6 million were subject to hurricane surge ( Brinkman 1975 ) .

it have be estimate , for example , that during the mid 1970 some 50 million us citizen be subject to hurricane wind of over 160 km/h and 6 million be subject to hurricane surge ( brinkman 1975 ) .

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SLOSH is able to estimate still water surge by grid cell for various hurricane intensities , angles of approach to the shoreline , forward movement speeds and landfall locations .

slosh be able to estimate still water surge by grid cell for various hurricane intensity , angle of approach to the shoreline , forward movement speed and landfall location .

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Additional algorithms are used to model total building damage costs for each grid cell based on water-depth and speed-depth rating curves .

additional algorithm be use to model total building damage cost for each grid cell base on water-depth and speed-depth rating curve .

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Hobeika and Jamei ( 1985 ) describe the MASSeVACuation ( MASSVAC ) simulation software designed to analyse and evaluate traffic evacuation plans given a natural disaster in an urban area .

hobeika and jamei ( 1985 ) describe the massevacuation ( massvac ) simulation software design to analyse and evaluate traffic evacuation plan give a natural disaster in an urban area .

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The system comprises three interrelated modules : community and disaster type characteristics module ; population distribution module ; network evacuation module .

the system comprise three interrelated module : community and disaster type characteristic module ; population distribution module ; network evacuation module .

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MASSVAC is quite flexible and various user-defined road network options are available such as : traffic signal timings on the road network ; one-way traffic ; reserved lanes for special vehicles such as those of the emergency services .

massvac be quite flexible and various user-defined road network option be available such as : traffic signal timing on the road network ; one-way traffic ; reserve lane for special vehicle such as those of the emergency service .

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In general , they suggest that the model provided reasonable and reliable evacuation times .

in general , they suggest that the model provide reasonable and reliable evacuation time .

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The most interesting are those which portray population flows as scaled ribbons on the network diagram , and evacuation shelter capacities as bar diagrams .

the most interesting be those which portray population flow as scale ribbon on the network diagram , and evacuation shelter capacity as bar diagram .

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The diagrams are updated periodically during the course of the simulation .

the diagram be update periodically during the course of the simulation .

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In dry parts of the world , such as Australia , forest and bush fires are an important natural hazard and some attention has been given to the ways in which GIS might help examine their potential impacts .

in dry part of the world , such as australia , forest and bush fire be an important natural hazard and some attention have be give to the way in which gis might help examine their potential impact .

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With this system real-time fire growth can be modelled , taking into account changes in terrain , fuel and temporal changes in the weather .

with this system real-time fire growth can be model , take into account change in terrain , fuel and temporal change in the weather .

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Kessell points out that uncontrollable fires are recurrent phenomena in many parts of Australia , causing damage in the hundreds of millions of dollars and significant loss of life .

kessell point out that uncontrollable fire be recurrent phenomenon in many part of australia , cause damage in the hundred of million of dollar and significant loss of life .

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The ANUFLOOD system requires locational and building type data on individual properties , stage-damage curves relating the average damage that would result from overfloor flooding to differing depths for each property type , and lastly , flood frequency in terms of flood height expressed as a probability .

the anuflood system require locational and building type datum on individual property , stage-damage curve relate the average damage that would result from overfloor flooding to differ depth for each property type , and lastly , flood frequency in term of flood height express as a probability .

DT NNP NN VBZ JJ CC NN NN NNS IN JJ NNS , NN NNS VBG DT JJ NN WDT MD VB IN JJ NN IN VBG NNS IN DT NN NN , CC RB , NN NN IN NNS IN NN NN VBN IN DT NN .

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ANUFLOOD also contains modules which permit the investigation of various flood damage mitigation options , such as property height raising , levee construction and flood proofing .

anuflood also contain module which permit the investigation of various flood damage mitigation option , such as property height raising , levee construction and flood proofing .

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What , for instance , of the health consequences ?

what , for instance , of the health consequence ?


For instance , Diggle et al. ( 1990 ) assess the hypothesis that cancer of the larynx is associated with proximity to a now-closed incinerator and develop a statistical model from the theory of spatial point processes to test this .

for instance , diggle et al. ( 1990 ) assess the hypothesis that cancer of the larynx be associate with proximity to a now-closed incinerator and develop a statistical model from the theory of spatial point process to test this .

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When the cases of laryngeal cancer are compared with a null distribution ( provided by the distribution of much more common lung cancer ) the hypothesis is given strong support .

when the case of laryngeal cancer be compare with a null distribution ( provide by the distribution of much more common lung cancer ) the hypothesis be give strong support .

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Although the proposed method is novel , it is but one of an increasingly large number of methods designed to detect and model ‘ clusters ’ of disease ( see , for example , Cuzick and Edwards 1990 ) .

although the propose method be novel , it be but one of an increasingly large number of method design to detect and model ' cluster ' of disease ( see , for example , cuzick and edwards 1990 ) .

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The work of Diggle et al. ( 1990 ) examined only a single point source , though it generalizes to multiple sources and to linear hazards as well .

the work of diggle et al. ( 1990 ) examine only a single point source , though it generalize to multiple source and to linear hazard as well .

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As a second example of health work linked to hazard studies we may cite the research being conducted by Cross ( 1989 ) on childhood leukaemia .

as a second example of health work link to hazard study we may cite the research be conduct by cross ( 1989 ) on childhood leukaemia .

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There are numerous hypotheses concerning the aetiology of this disease ( from ionizing radiation to viral transmission ) and Cross 's approach is to collect digital data designed to test some of these hypotheses and to use ARC/INFO to display and analyse results .

there be numerous hypothesis concern the aetiology of this disease ( from ionize radiation to viral transmission ) and cross 's approach be to collect digital datum design to test some of these hypothesis and to use arc/info to display and analyse result .

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For instance , one hypothesis concerns the role of electromagnetic radiation , a source of which is overhead high-voltage transmission lines as noted earlier .

for instance , one hypothesis concern the role of electromagnetic radiation , a source of which be overhead high-voltage transmission line as note early .

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