Question: What are the genetic changes related to Pfeiffer syndrome ?
Answer: Pfeiffer syndrome results from mutations in the FGFR1 or FGFR2 gene. These genes provide instructions for making proteins known as fibroblast growth receptors 1 and 2. Among their multiple functions, these proteins signal immature cells to become bone cells during embryonic development. A mutation in either the FGFR1 or FGFR2 gene alters protein function and causes prolonged signaling, which can promote the premature fusion of skull bones and affect the development of bones in the hands and feet. Type 1 Pfeiffer syndrome is caused by mutations in either the FGFR1 or FGFR2 gene. Types 2 and 3 are caused by mutations in the FGFR2 gene, and have not been associated with changes in the FGFR1 gene.
Source: GHR

Question: What are the treatments for Pfeiffer syndrome ?
Answer: These resources address the diagnosis or management of Pfeiffer syndrome: - Gene Review: Gene Review: FGFR-Related Craniosynostosis Syndromes - Genetic Testing Registry: Pfeiffer syndrome - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Craniosynostosis - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Webbing of fingers or toes These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions: - Diagnostic Tests - Drug Therapy - Surgery and Rehabilitation - Genetic Counseling - Palliative Care
Source: GHR