Question: What is (are) Vesicoureteral Reflux ?
Answer: Vesicoureteral reflux is the abnormal flow of urine from the bladder to the upper urinary tract. The urinary tract is the bodys drainage system for removing wastes and extra water. The urinary tract includes two kidneys, two ureters, a bladder, and a urethra. Blood flows through the kidneys, and the kidneys filter out wastes and extra water, making urine. The urine travels down two narrow tubes called the ureters. The urine is then stored in a balloonlike organ called the bladder. When the bladder empties, urine flows out of the body through a tube called the urethra at the bottom of the bladder. In VUR, urine may flow backrefluxinto one or both ureters and, in some cases, to one or both kidneys. VUR that affects only one ureter and kidney is called unilateral reflux, and VUR that affects both ureters and kidneys is called bilateral reflux.
Source: NIDDK

Question: What are the symptoms of Vesicoureteral Reflux ?
Answer: In many cases, a child with VUR has no symptoms. When symptoms are present, the most common is a urinary tract infection (UTI). VUR can lead to infection because urine that remains in the childs urinary tract provides a place for bacteria to grow. Studies estimate that 30 percent of children and up to 70 percent of infants with a UTI have VUR.2
Source: NIDDK

Question: What are the treatments for Vesicoureteral Reflux ?
Answer: Secondary VUR is treated by removing the blockage causing the reflux. Treatment may involve - surgery - antibiotics - intermittent catheterizationdraining the bladder by inserting a thin tube, called a catheter, through the urethra to the bladder
Source: NIDDK

Question: What to do for Vesicoureteral Reflux ?
Answer: - Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the abnormal flow of urine from the bladder to the upper urinary tract. - VUR is more common in infants and young children, but older children and even adults can be affected. About 10 percent of children have VUR. - In many cases, a child with VUR has no symptoms. When symptoms are present, the most common is a urinary tract infection (UTI). - When a child with VUR gets a UTI, bacteria can move into the kidney and lead to scarring. Scarring of the kidney can be associated with high blood pressure and kidney failure. - Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG), radionuclide cystogram (RNC), and abdominal ultrasound are used to diagnose VUR. - Children with VUR should also be assessed for bladder/bowel dysfunction (BBD). Children who have VUR along with any BBD symptoms are at greater risk of kidney damage due to infection. - The standard treatment for primary VUR has included prompt treatment of UTIs and long-term use of antibiotics to prevent UTIs, also called antimicrobial prophylaxis, until VUR goes away on its own. Surgery has also been used in certain cases. - Secondary VUR is treated by removing the blockage causing the reflux.
Source: NIDDK