Reinin dichotomies
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Reinin dichotomies
or
Reinin traits
refer to a set of 15
type dichotomies
that divide the
socion
into symmetrical halves.
Grigoriy Reinin
(St. Petersburg, Russia), a mathematician and psychologist and one of the earliest socionists, mathematically proved the existence of these dichotomies, and their approximate content was elaborated by
Aushra Augusta
. Her work,
The Theory of Reinin's Traits
, published in 1985, was intended to be an introduction to the 15 dichotomies - a draft of sorts - but further works have still not been written on the subject. The usefulness of many or most Reinin dichotomies is consistently questioned by many socionists.
The first four dichotomies correspond to the "
Jungian foundation
," or the four original Jungian
dichotomies
.
In common use the term "Reinin dichotomies" often refers to the 11 non-Jungian dichotomies.
Reinin dichotomies
Carefree and farsighted
Yielding and obstinate
Static and dynamic
Democratic and aristocratic
Tactical and strategic
Constructivist and emotivist
Positivist and negativist
Judicious and decisive
Merry and serious
Process and result
Asking and declaring
Contents
1
Overview
2
Mathematics
2.1
Definition
2.2
Complete list
2.3
Reinin dichotomies as combinations
3
Use of Reinin dichotomies
3.1
Empirical aspects
3.2
Comparison with Model A
3.3
Criticism
3.4
Possible dichotomous explanations
4
See also
5
Links
Overview
judicious
/
decisive
subjectivist
/
objectivist
aristocratic
/
democratic
process
/
result
carefree
/
farsighted
yielding
/
obstinate
static
/
dynamic
tactical
/
strategic
constructivist
/
emotivist
positivist
/
negativist
asking
/
declaring
Alpha
ILE
ENTp
judicious
subjectivist
democratic
process
carefree
yielding
static
tactical
constructivist
positivist
asking
SEI
ISFp
judicious
subjectivist
democratic
process
carefree
yielding
dynamic
strategic
emotivist
negativist
declaring
LII
INTj
judicious
subjectivist
democratic
result
farsighted
obstinate
static
strategic
emotivist
negativist
asking
ESE
ESFj
judicious
subjectivist
democratic
result
farsighted
obstinate
dynamic
tactical
constructivist
positivist
declaring
Beta
EIE
ENFj
decisive
subjectivist
aristocratic
process
carefree
obstinate
dynamic
strategic
constructivist
negativist
asking
LSI
ISTj
decisive
subjectivist
aristocratic
process
carefree
obstinate
static
tactical
emotivist
positivist
declaring
IEI
INFp
decisive
subjectivist
aristocratic
result
farsighted
yielding
dynamic
tactical
emotivist
positivist
asking
SLE
ESTp
decisive
subjectivist
aristocratic
result
farsighted
yielding
static
strategic
constructivist
negativist
declaring
Gamma
SEE
ESFp
decisive
objectivist
democratic
process
farsighted
obstinate
static
strategic
emotivist
positivist
asking
ILI
INTp
decisive
objectivist
democratic
process
farsighted
obstinate
dynamic
tactical
constructivist
negativist
declaring
ESI
ISFj
decisive
objectivist
democratic
result
carefree
yielding
static
tactical
constructivist
negativist
asking
LIE
ENTj
decisive
objectivist
democratic
result
carefree
yielding
dynamic
strategic
emotivist
positivist
declaring
Delta
LSE
ESTj
judicious
objectivist
aristocratic
process
farsighted
yielding
dynamic
tactical
emotivist
negativist
asking
EII
INFj
judicious
objectivist
aristocratic
process
farsighted
yielding
static
strategic
constructivist
positivist
declaring
SLI
ISTp
judicious
objectivist
aristocratic
result
carefree
obstinate
dynamic
strategic
constructivist
positivist
asking
IEE
ENFp
judicious
objectivist
aristocratic
result
carefree
obstinate
static
tactical
emotivist
negativist
declaring
Mathematics
Definition
Each half of a dichotomy is called a "trait". Any pair of traits (such as E and P) may be combined to produce a third (static). These three traits form an interdependent triad, meaning that when two are held constant the third must too.
They are combined according to the relation *, defined as follows.
X*Y = (X & Y) or (~X & ~Y)
where ~X denotes the opposite of trait X (~E = I, etc.)
Thus,
static = E*P = E&P or I&J
In most cases, the "&" is understood.
static = EP or IJ
The relation * can be seen to be associative, meaning
(X*Y)*Z = X*(Y*Z)
is always true.
Proof:
The relation may be restated more concisely as follows:
X*Y = (X == Y)
where == denotes
logical equality
- parentheses added for clarity.
We can use a truth table to show that the expressions are the same:
X
Y
Z
(X==Y)==Z
X==(Y==Z)
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
F
F
F
T
F
T
F
F
T
F
F
T
T
F
T
T
F
F
F
T
F
T
T
F
F
T
T
T
F
F
F
F
F
Another property of ==, commutativity, transfers to *:
X*Y = Y*X
Since * is both associative and commutative, it forms an
abelian
group over four traits:
*
1
X
Y
Z
1
1
X
Y
Z
X
X
1
Z
Y
Y
Y
Z
1
X
Z
Z
Y
X
1
Here 1 is the identity, which represents the trait that is true of all types. It might also be called the "nonnull" trait. Here X, Y, and Z are all interdependent.
Complete list
Given four initial independent dichotomies (that is, pairs of opposite traits), one can form new ones dependent on the original four. Here the "&"s may be understood, so as to simplify the generation of new dichotomies. Remember, * is associative and commutative, so the order doesn't matter, and the *s can be left out. For example, E*N = N*E and (E*N)*T = E*(N*T). This means we can just write, in order, the Jungian dichotomies a derived dichotomy depends on. In other words, each new dichotomy can be uniquely specified in terms of dependence on each of the original four. (In this case, each dichotomy can be replaced by one of its halves, the corresponding traits. For example, E/I can be replaced with just E or just I. The lack of a unifying name for most dichotomies makes this a convenient choice. ENTP is the preferred basis, for historical reasons.) So, each new dichotomy is either
dependent
or
independent
of each original dichotomy. This produces 2^4 = 16 dichotomies.
The first of these, the one dependent on
no
Jungian dichotomy, is the identity - not a dichotomy proper, as it does not split the
socion
. The remaining 15 are the type dichotomies we know and love.
(null/nonnull)
E (extroversion/introversion)
N (intuitive/sensing)
T (logical/ethical)
P (irrational/rational)
EN (carefree/farsighted)
ET (obstinate/compliant)
EP (static/dynamic)
NT (aristocratic/democratic)
NP (tactical/strategic)
TP (constructivist/emotivist)
ENT (positivist/negativist)
ENP (reasonable/resolute)
ETP (subjectivist/objectivist)
NTP (process/result)
ENTP (questioner/declarer)
It is natural to classify these dichotomies based on how many of the Jungian foundation they depend on. The Jungian foundation is all the order-1 traits, and null/nonnull are the only order-0 traits.
Reinin dichotomies as combinations
From the above proof, we see that the Reinin dichotomies can be thought of as combinations of the original four.
C = n!/(k!(n-k)!)
Where k is the number of elements in the subset and n is the number of elements in the set that is drawn from.
Here there are 4 elements in the original set (E-I, N-S, T-F and P-J). The new sets will have between 2 to 4 parameters, so the number of Reinin dichotomies (not including the original four) is:
4!/(2!(4-2)!) + 4!/(3!(4-3)!) + 4!/(4!(4-4)!) = 6 + 4 + 1 = 11
It's also easy to find out the combinations on pen and paper. Simply find all the ways you can combine four predefined letters (or any other things) into groups of two, three and four, where the order doesn't matter.
Use of Reinin dichotomies
Empirical aspects
Above is the mathematical definition of the Reinin dichotomies. Whether they have empirical content, on the other hand, is a completely separate matter. Whether they are well-defined at all is one of the main criticisms of Reinin dichotomies.
The content of several of the derived dichotomies comes naturally from other standard parts of socionics theory. As the correspondence between the dichotomies and
Model A
becomes more complex, so does the dichotomy's content become less obvious based on purely theoretical considerations.
Some of the simpler correspondences between the functional and dichotomous models:
Intuitive/sensing and logic/ethics determine a type's
strengths and weaknesses
;
Introversion/extroversion coincides with the orientation of the leading function (as well as all
contact
functions);
Rationality/irrationality similarly coincides with the "rhythm" of the accepting functions;
Static/dynamic determines the conscious ("
mental
") elements in each types formula;
Aristocratic/democratic determines which elements are blocked together;
Reasonable/resolute and subjectivist/objectivist correspond to
quadra values
;
An interesting question is, can Reinin dichotomies be considered equal in their significance to the original Jungian dichotomies? After all, the derivation works in reverse too. Only speculation can provide an answer at this point. A humorous counterexample is the dichotomies of gender and blood type (reference). Obviously the conjunction of the two via * is totally meaningless. That said, the fact that Reinin dichotomies' content can be elaborated at all is a testament to the highly general nature of socionic type, whose component dichotomies combine to form an integrated whole, represented mathematically as the nonnull trait: the human being.
Comparison with Model A
The central idea of socionics is that types are unbalanced entities. This understanding is built into Model A, but not into Reinin dichotomies. Therefore, Reinin dichotomies must be supplemented with other theoretical apparatus in order to explain things like relationships as fully as Model A. This could be a good thing in that Reinin dichotomies show the theoretical possibility of isolating the assumptions implicit in Model A and showing which are independent of which.
A few socionists, such as Mironov and others from St. Petersburg, consider the Reinin dichotomies to actually be information processing mechanisms. Three such dichotomy traits combine to form an information element. Most socionists consider the Reinin dichotomies to be divisions whose meaning can only be understood by analyzing their effect on Model A.
Criticism
It might be said that the Reinin traits should be treated dichotomously instead of, or at least in addition to, in terms of information elements and Model A. The fundamental difference between rational and irrational information elements is not built into the Reinin model. Also, it has no concept of element dominance (i.e. functional ordering). It doesn't necessarily render the tools used in Model A useless, but it should be stressed that the classical traits have a purely dichotomous definition, so they should also be explainable using only dichotomies. In fact it is likely that any regular categorization system will also be reflected in Model A in some more or less regular way—this observation doesn't prove anything however.
Possible dichotomous explanations
The most natural way to discover the meaning of the dichotomies is as a conflict or harmonizing of some sort between pairs of traits. For example, rationals want stability, but dynamics perceive change, creating a tendency for EJs to want to actively influence their environment to control that change - extroversion. Likewise, irrationals are more comfortable with fluid change, but statics see things as staying the same - which leads them to actively create the change in their environment (also extroversion).
An interesting area of research here would be interclub or intertemperament relationships. We would also need to establish descriptions for the other multiple-dichotomical categories, such as E/I combined with S/N, and so on.
See also
Dichotomy
Jungian foundation
Links
Here are automatic translations of articles on the Reinin dichotomies in Russian:
Wikipedia article on the Reinin dichotomies
Introductory article
by
Dmitriy Lytov
and
Marianna Lytova
on the Reinin traits
Analysis and criticism of the Reinin traits
by
Dmitriy Lytov
and
Marianna Lytova
Reinin's response to the above criticism of the dichotomies
Augusta's
article
The Theory of Reinin's Traits
:
part 1
-
part 2
-
part 3
-
part 4
-
part 5
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:
Classical socionics
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