# Adolf Hitler

U-Adolf Hitler
**U-Adolf Hitler** (20 March 1889 - 30 March 1945) wayengusombusazwe ongumJalimane owazalelwa ezweni lase-Austriya, owayenguShansela kusukela ngo-1933 kuya ku-1945. Wabusa njengomashiqela ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Wazibulala lapho iJalimane ihlulwa empini. Wakhuphukela esikhundleni sokuba umholi weqembu lamaNazi, futhi wahola izwe njengoShansela ngowe-1933, khona lapho wazibiza ngesiqu esithi *Führer und Reichskanzler* ngowe-1934. Lapho iJalimani ihlasela elasePholandi mhla zilu-1 kuSeptemba 1939 ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe, kwaba isiqalo sokuqubuka kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Kuso sonke isikhathi sempi, uHitler wazibandakanya ngokuqondile esiqondweni esithathwa umbutho wezempi waseJalimani nemigidingo yawo futhi waba neqhaza elikhulu ekulungiseleleni umqothulo (holocaust), ukuqothulwa kwesizwe samaJuda abalelwa kwayizigidi eziyisithupha nezinye izisulu eziyizigidi ezihlanganisa amakholwa, amambuka nabantu abansundu.

UHitler wazalelwa eBraunau am Inn eseAustria-Hungary futhi wafudukela eJalimani ngowe-1913. Wahlomuliswa ngeziqu ngenxa yenkonzo yakhe embuthweni waseJalimani eMpini Yezwe Yokuqala, ehlomuliswa ngeziqu zesiPhambano seNsimbi. Ngowe-1919, waziqhaza neNhlangano Yabasebenzi BaseJalimani (DAP), eyandulela iqembu lamaNazi, futhi ngowe-1921, waqokwa njengomholi weqembu lamaNazi. Ngowe-1923, wazama ukugwamanda amandla ngokuketula uhulumeni, kodwa wahluleka futhi wagwetshwa iminyaka emihlanu, kodwa wahlala owodwa ejele. Ngenkathi esejele, wayaleza ukulotshwa komqulu wokuqala wencwadi yakhe eyisichazampilo kanye nesimemezelo sezombusazwe esibizwa *Mein Kampf* ( 'UMzabalazo Wami'). Ngemuva kokukhululwa kwakhe ngokushesha ngowe-1924, waba nesibunge futhi waxhaswa abantu ngokuthi ahlasele isivumelwane sase-Versailles (Treaty of Versailles) futhi aqhakamise ubuzwe bamaJalimani, ubutha nabakaShemi, kanye nobutha namakhomanisi esebenzisa ubugwilikinci bamaNazi nokuqephuza. Wayejinge ukuhlaba ubukhomanisis njengobuyingxenye yephako nozungu lamaJuda.

NgoNovemba we-1932, iqembu lamaNazi lalinezihlalo eziningi esiShayamthetho esibizwa *Reichstag*, kodwa lalingenabo ubuningi. OwayenguShansela uFranz von Papen nabanye osombusazwe abangomyamuva bagculisa umengameli uPaul von Hindenburg ukuba aqoke uHitler njengoShansela mhla zingama-30 kuJanuary we-1933. Kamuva mhla zingama-23 kuMarch, i*Reichstag* yaguyaza uMthetho Ovumelayo (Enabling Act of 1933), okuyiwona owasungula izinguquko zokuthi iMibusosobala yaseWeimar kube iJalimani lamaNazi. Lapho kushona uHindenburg mhla zi-2 kuAugust we1934, uHitler wamenana njengenhloko yombuso futhi waqhubeka waguqula elamaJalimani kwaba ubushiqela bendlovu kayiphikiswa. Phakathi ezweni, uHitler wagununda izinqubomgomo ezicwasayo futhi wafuna ukugodusa nokubulala amaJuda waseJalimani. Iminyaka eyisithupha esemandleni yaletha uzinzo nokusimama komnotho ekufadalaleni okukhulu, nokususwa kwemigoqo eyayibekelwe iJalmani ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, nokudliwa kwezindawo okwakuhlala kuzo izigidi zamaJalimani ohlanga, nokwamenza wathandwa nakakhulu.

Enye impokophelo kaHitler yayibizwa *Lebensraum* ( 'Indwo yokuhlala') okwakuzoba eyamaJalimani aseMpuma neYurophu. Inqubomgomo yakhe yezangaphandle yokuhlasela, nokwandisa izwe ithathwa njengesisusa esiyinhloko seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala eYurophu. Mhla zilu-1 kuSeptember we-1939, uHitler wengamela ukuhlaselwa kwelasePholandi, kanjalo wabangela elaseBrithani nelaseFransi ukuba amemezele empi ngokumelene neJalimani. Ngemuva kokuyalela ukuba kuhlaselwe elaseRashiya (Soviet Union) ngoJuni we-1941, wamemezela impi ngokumelene neMelika ngoDisemba walowo nyaka. Ngasekupheleni kowe-1941, amabutho aseJalimani nabasekeli bawo babethethe lonke elaseYurophu neNyakatho ne-Afrika. Lezi zinzuzo zagushuzwa futhi zahlehliswa emva kowe-19141 kwaze kwaba yilapho amabutho ahlangene ehlula umbutho wezempi waseJalimani gowe-1945. Mhla zingama-29 ku-April we-1945, uHitler washada nesinqandamathe sakhe, u-Eva Braun, bengaphansi kwe- *Führerbunker* eBerlin. Bazibulala ngosuku olulandelayo ukuze bagweme ukuboshwa amabutho aseRashiya.

Usomlando nesichazimlando u-Ian Kershaw wachazisa uHitler "njengengqikithi yobubi bezombusazwe banamuhla". Ngaphansi kubuholi bukaHitler nenkolelombono yokucwasa, isilawulazwe samaNazi saba necala lokuqothla isizwe samaJuda nezigidi zabanye abantu ababebizwa ngokuthi *Untermenschen* ( 'osingamuntu') noma abangafunwa. UHitler namaNazi babenecala lokubulala abantu neziboshwa zempi eziyizigidi ezili-19.3. Ngaphezulu, amagumgedlela nabantu abayizigidi ezingama-28.7 babulawa ngenxa yokulwa.

## Imithombo