# Izinkomo

Insengakwazi enombala ohwanqakazi
**IziNkomo** uhlobo lezilwane ezifuywayo ezinesolosha. Yizona ezingamalungu aseqhulwini womndeni wezinkunda *(Bovinae)* futhi ziwumqhinqo osabalele wozalo lwezinkasha *(Bos)*. Izinkomo ezikhulile zensikazi zibizwa iziNkomazi noma iziNsengwakazi, njengoba kuyizo ezisengwa ubisi. Bese izinkomo zeduna zona zibizwe iziNkunzi. Izinkomo ezincane zona zibizwa iziNkonyane, ezinsikazi kuthiwa iziThole, eziduna kuthiwa iziNkunzana, amathole noma izinkabi. Ibizo elithi inkabi libuye lisho isilwane seduna esitheniwe.
Izinkomo yizilwane ezifuywayo ukuze kutholwe inyama, ezomchago, umgquba, nesikhumba kuzo. Zibuye zisetshenziselwe ukudonsa izinqola, nemisheshane yokulima efana nekhuba. Ezinye izizwe ziyazihlonipha izinkomo, futhi enkolweni yamaHindu kuyicala elibomvu ukubulala inkomo.

## Umsukagama

Ibizo elithi *inkomo* liyigama elivela kwelithi **khomo**, ngokwezigaba zamabizo leli gama liba sesigabeni ithoba (9) bese ubuningi bube sesigabeni seshumi (10). Isichazamazwi sikaVilakazi noDoke sibonisa ukuthi lisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kwinkunzi, inkomazi noma inkabi. Elithi "inkomazi" nalo lisuselwa egameni elithi **khomazi** elisho isilwane sensikazi esisengwayo .
Amanye amagama izinkomo ezibizwa ngawo kuye ngokwezigaba zawo ahamba kanje:

* umvemve - isigaba kusuka lapho izalwa
* inkonyane - isigaba lapho iqala ukudla utshani, ithanda ukudlala, itshakadule
* ithole - isigaba lapho ingexhofuzayo nxa incela, iqala ukuba namandla ekudleni utshani.
* iguqa - isigaba lapho kudingeka iguqe ngamanqina angaphambili lapho incela

Emva kwalesigaba sokugcina, isilwane sesiyinkomo ngokugcwele.

## Izinkondolo

### Ingcaziso

Isikhehle senkomoUnongo lomhlakahlo, luveza amakhikhi amane esigimbelo senkomo
Izinkomo ziyizincelisi ezibathuzayo *(artiodactyl)* ezinenselo, okusho ukuthi zinyathuza ngezinzwane ezimbili, olwesithathu nolwesine. Njengazo zonke izinkunda, zinezimpondo, kodwa ezingenawo amagatsha futhi ezingebuleki.
Izinkunzi zinkulu kunezinkomazi zesizalo esisodwa ngamakhilogremu angamakhulu ambalwa. Eqinisweni izizalo zezinkomo nazo ziyahlukahluka ngokobungako.
Ngokwemvelo izinkomo ziphila iminyaka ephakathi kwama-25–30 ubudala. Izinkomo zenyama zona ziyahlatshwa lapho zinezinyanga ezili-18, futhi izinkomo zomchago noma iziNsengwakwazi zona zihlatshwa lapho zineminyaka emihlanu ubudala.
Imibala yezinkomo iyahlukahluka kuye ngesizalo sazo; imibala evamile ngompisholo, omhlophe kanye nobomvu, ezinye ziba namabhadubhadu noma imibala exubene.

#### Imibala yezinkomo

Imibala yezinkomo nokuhloba kwayo| umbala omnyama | Umbala obomvu | Eminye imibala |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ebafazibewela | Ebubende
ebubendekazi | Uhlakuva |
| Ebhanqule | Idube
idubekazi | Ukholo |
| Ibhondwe | Ifusa
ifusakazi | Emakhwezikhwezi
emakhwezikhwezikazi |
| Ubhulomu | Egwaqa
egwaqakazi | Emanangananga |
| Ufipha
ufiphakazi | imahwalahwala
imahwalahwalakazi | Emaqandakacilo |
| Ufukufuku
ufukufukukazi | Imahwaqahwaqa
imahwaqahwaqakazi | Emaqandakahwayiba |
| Igambu
igambukazi | Imampilimpili
imampilimpilikazi | Emaqandeqelu |
| Ihhemu
ihhemukazi | Imbondwe
imbondwekazi | Emavakavaka
Emavakavakakazi |
| Ihunqu
ihunqukazi | Umbomvu
umbomvukazi | Emavovo |
| Ihwanqa
ihwanqakazi | Emdokwe | Emavukuthu
emavukuthukazi |
| Ijoli
ijolikazi | Inhlabavu
Inhlabavukazi | Ensiphozamabele
ensiphozamabelekazi |
| Ukhozi | Ensundu | Emseka |
| Iklilathi
iklilathikazi | Umtoto
umtotokazi | Intenjana
intenjanakazi |
| Ilunga
ilungakazi | Insasa
insasakazi | Umbungu
umbungukazi |
| Emaqgabhagqabha
Emagqabhagqabhakazi | Inala
inalakazi | Emvukuzi
emvukuzikazi |
| Emakhwifikhwifi | Ephuzingwebu | Umqungokazi |
| Emasavutshiwe | Umkhandlu | Inselekazi |
| Imfezi
imfezikazi | Inco
incokazi | Umthuqu
umthuqukazi |
| Umngquphane | Itshinaha | Emdaka |
| Impemvu
impemvukazi | Umviyo
umviyokazi | Impofu
impofukazi |
| Umsheko
umshekokazi | Intusi
intusikazi | Isiqanda
isiqandakazi |
| Umthika | Inhlamvazana | Engamunwe |
| Imvunduma
imvundumakazi | Inzotha
inzothakazi | Umhlophe
umhlophekazi |
| Umzondo
umzondokazi | Inkone
inkonekazi | Umlaza
umlazakazi |
| R32 |  |  |

### Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla

Inkomo ethwetshulwe yetshisa ukudla
Izinkomo ziyizilwane ezetshisayo, okusho ukuthi uhlelo lokugaya lazo lwakhelwe ukudludlunga izithako zokudla ezifana notshani obunothe ngesincimfino *(cellulose)*, okuyintshogcezi efukuthisayo, futhi izilwane eziningi ezihlulekayo ukuyigaya. Lokhu zikwenza zisebenzisana neziphilincinci ezifana nezinungwana, nokhunta – eziqukethe izinzwayiza eziqephula isincimfino ngokoshukela lwaso. Uma ukudla kwesilwane kuguquka emva kwesikhathi, isakhiwo seziphilincinci naso siyaguquka ngokufanayo.

Izinkomo zinenqashambana yesigimbelo esinamakhikhi amane; ulusu *(rumen)*, ingobo *(Reticulum)*, inanzi *(omasum)*, kanye netwani *(abomasum)*. Ulusu luyikhikhi elikhulu futhi lithwele izingxenye ezibalulekile zeziphilincinci. Ingobo, okuyikhikhi elincane kanamanye, laziwa nangokuthi isandlwana. Umsebenzi wenanzi oyinhloko ukumunyunga amanzi nemisoco ekudleni okugayekayo. Itwani lona linomsebenzi ofanayo nowesisu somuntu.

Izinkomo ziyabuyisa ukuze zikuhlafune kabusha ukudla kwazo ngenqubo ebizwa ukwetshisa, njengazo zonke izilwane ezetshisayo. Lapho zidla, izinkomo zigimbila ukudla kwazo; bese zikuqoqonga oluswini. Kamuva, lokho kudla kuzobuyiselwa emlonyeni ngamathamo, kwetshiswe, kuncushuzwe kube izinhlayiya ezincane. Bese ekugcineni lowo metshiso uyagwinywa futhi ukuze uyogaywa yiziphilincinci esigimbelweni.

### Ukucondoza kwazo

Izibukeli kwelase-Oman zibheke Izinkunzi zidudulana.
Izinkomo zikleliswe ngokoqhiwu lokuchachaza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isibaya esisodwa asikwazi ukuba nezinkunzi eziningi, futhi kuvamile ukubona izinkomo zizwana amandla. Okunye ezivame ukukwenza ukukhothana, njengoba ezichachazwayo kuyizona ezivame ukukhotha ezinye.

Izinkunzi zaluka utshani
Izinkomo zidla ukudla okuxubile, kodwa zincamela ukwaluka amaphesenti angama70 esithathe namaphesenti angama-30 otshani. Lapho zaluka, izinkomo zigubulunda ngezindlela ezingafani, ulimi lwazo nesihlathi kunyakaza ngendlela ehlukile lapho zigwaphuna utshani obude kunobufishane. Izinkomo lapho zigubulunda ziyayigwema indawo egcwele amasimba wezinye izinkomo ukwedlula egcwele amasimba wezimvu, Kodwa azinankinga nedlelo eligcwele amakaka womvundla.

## Ukufuya

Izinkomo ezifuyiwe ngokuvamile ezivunyelwa ukuya emadlelweni, njengoba zilethelwa ukudla.
* Uzalo lwezinkomo olubizwa Hereford olunenyama eningi
* Izinkomo zase-Ostraliya emadlelweni
* inkomo ethandwa nevame ezweni lase-Austiya, igaxe insimbi

## Kwezomnotho

Izinkomo ziyafuywa ukuze zikhiqize inyama, ubisi, isikhumba futhi ukuze zisebenza lapho kulinywa. KwaZulu, izinkomo ziyigugu lesizwe njengoba zisetshenziswa noma zihlatshwe lapho kulotsholwa, kuhlanzwa umuzi, kukhotheme iNkosi, lapho kwenziwa ihlambo, lapho kushwelezwa, kubikelwa abangasekho, ngoMkhosi womhlanga, ngoMkhosi weLembe, lapho kutshalwa iNkosi, lapho kwenziwa umemulo, ngomgcagco njll.

### Inyama

Inyama yenkomo iyisidlo esithandwa kakhulu KwaZulu nasemhlabeni jikelele. Akwenzeki ukuba umcimbi omkhulu ungabi nayo inyama. Izitho ezidliwayo zenkomo zinamagama azo, futhi kukhona izitho ezidliwa abantu besigaba esithile njengomama, abafana, abadala, abanumzane njll.

#### Izitho zenkomo ezidliwayo yilezi

* Izitho ezidliwayo zangaphakathi - Ubende, ubhedu, ilulu, uluntu, amathumbu, umhlehlo, umminzo, impundu, umthala, umtshazo, imvali, umvimba, inazo, ingwaqo, ingobo, inhliziyo, iphaphu, upopopo, isibindi, usinyaka, isinye, isisu, ulusu, itwani, izinhlonhlo, izinso, neziphapha.

* Izitho ezidliwayo ezangaphandle - Ubebebe, ibele, icwiyo, idevu, ugalu, ikhala, ulimi, ilunda, amaguma, amanqina, amantshontsho, umgogodla, umhlathi, umhlubulo, umkhele, umkhono, umlenze, ungiklane, inhloko, insonyama, intamo, inyama yamehlo, uqwanga, isifuba, isikhaba, umsila, isinqe, isiphanga, isixhanti, ithebe, izimambo.

### Ezomchago

Ubisi lutholakala ezinkomeni ezisengwayo, iziNsengwakazi kuphela, ezinamabele okuncelisa, Futhi ubisi lwezinkomo kwenziwa ngalo imikhiqizo yezomchago eminingi efana nePhehlwa, injibini, uBhobe, ubisi olukhothe, umQungo, uLaza, umThubi, uLazaqhwa, amasi, ubisi olunguliwe, umHongo, uLaza olukhwixiwe, nomKhumuza wobisi. Izinkomazi zomchago zigcinwa emapulazini akhethekile wokukhiqiza ubisi. iziNsengwakazi eziningi zisengwa kabili ngosuku. Izinkomazi ukuze ziqhubeka nokukhiqiza ubisi, kufanele zizale kanye ngonyaka. Kodwana uma zizala eyeduna, ivame ukuhlatshwa ngenxa yokuthi kufuneka ezinye izinkomazi. Izinkomazi ubisi zilukhiqiza kuze kusale amasonto amathathu ngaphambi kokuzala.

KwaZulu ukudla okuthandwa kakhulu ngamasi. Kunezigaba ezihlukene zamasi lapho afanele ukudliwa kuzo. Isigaba sokuqala, esamasi ayizaqheqhe noma izangqondo (izamfemfe). okungamasi avuthwe kahle, angenawo umlaza.

* Izinkomazi ezilukhozi ngombala yizona ezisengwa kakhulu.
* Ukusenga umsebenzi owenziwa ngesandla kusuka endulo
* Isindiyane sanamuhla okusengelwa kuso, eJalimani

### Izaga ezisuselwa ezinkomeni

| Ezenkonyane | Ezenkunzi | Ezenkomazi |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Inkonyane yeqa lapha kweqe
khona unina | Akukho zinkunzi zadla ndawonye | Indlezane isengelwa phansi |
| Amathole akhethwa konina | Izinkunzi ezirnbili azibusi
esibayeni sinye | Ikhaba abayisengayo |
| Inkonyane yethuka isisinga | Nginjenjenje mntanethu ngoniwa
inkunzi | Inzimakazi izala iIungakazi |
| Yawuchitha umuthi inkonyane | Inkunzi inqunywe amanqindi | Isigqala sizala insengwakazi |
| Umbala ucaca enkonyaneni | Inkunzi iyazibeka | Ayimithi ingaphindwanga |
| Inkomo ixakelwe inkonyane | Yeka ubambo lwenkabi
ukudliwa kwandlwana | Kazi iyozala nkomoni |
| Inkonyane ifuza unina | Yayihlaba yema nayo | Inkomo isengwa ngoyaziyo |
| Inkonyane yenye iyayiqhubulusha,
eyayo iyayikhotha | Inkunzi isematholeni | Kukwankomo isengwa ilele |
| Usenga inkomo nenkonyane |  | Inkomo enomlomo kayinamasi |
| Inkonyane ikhethwa kusakhanya |  |  |
| Inkonyane iyashiyelwa |  |  |

## Imithombo