# Gqom

Gqom (igqomu, gqom tech, sghubu noma 3-Step) iyinhloko yezigqom emculweni we-elektronikhi kanye nesigaba se-house music esetshenziswa esikhathini sesibili kusukela ekuseni kwe-2010 eThekwini, eNingizimu Afrika. Lapho kube ngumculi abazinikele kakhulu kulo mculo banamathalente njengama Naked Boyz, Sbucardo, DJ Lag, Rudeboyz, Nasty Boyz, Griffit Vigo, Distruction Boyz, Menzi Shabane, noCitizen Boy. Lo mculo uthatha indlela yomculo we-kwaito, isigaba se-house esikhathini sesibili eNingizimu Afrika.

Njengamanje izigqomu zingabonakali ngesisekelo esisodwa kwezomculo we-elektronikhi eNingizimu Afrika, okuyinto iyatholakala ngomsindo omncane, ongafinyelela kwe-bass okuningi kanye nokuphatha okuthile, futhi ezivamile ngaphandle kwe-pattern ye-four-on-the-floor.

Abahlaziyi bomculo abaphawula ngokuthi abazama ukunikeza uhlonishwa komhlaba wonke kwalesi sifo bayahlukanisa abafana nomculi we-rap waseNingizimu Afrika njengu-Okmalumkoolkat, okwaba yimongameli we-label yohambo ye-Italy i-Gqom Oh, Nane Kole no Lerato Phiri okuyisigaba ekhaya nabanye abantu abahlukene eNingizimu Afrika. Kukhona nomunye ongamanqamuza wokukhanya umculo okanye ukubeka indlela yokuzizwa kwabantu, uCherish Lala Mankai, owaziwa njengowenza izinto ezinjengomculi noqeqeshi we-music ye-DJ Tira, uBabes Wodumo, uMampintsha,uDlala Thukzin, kanye no Busiswa.

## Igama nezici

Abaculi baseZulu ngo-1900
Isigaba esithi gqom, okuyinto lisuselwa ekuboniseni konkamisa be-click ngolimi lwesiZulu, okusho ukuthi kunezibukhali ezinzima kusigubhu. Futhi, uthiwa njenge-GQOM (isitayela), gqom tech, qgom, igqom, noma gqomu, okuyinto i-sinyathelo 3 step ekuboniseni uhlobo lwe-rhythmic patterns noma izinhlobo zayo. Kulolu hlobo, "sghubu" kungabonakala njengoba kuhunyushwa okuqondile kusuka olimini lwesiZulu kusigubhu, kanye nokuthi yigama lendawo lapho isigubhu sinamathuba okwenza khona.

 Umshayi wesigubhu, ifinyelela yesiko lamaZulu.
I-Gqom itholakala ngokwesibukhali sakho sokuncoma kwemibheshu emncane, okuyinto ingaphindelekile kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlolwa kwe-bass kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-techno. Kuhlanganiswa okuyinhloko njengomsindo omnyama onemitha okulutha. Lapho kusho ukuthi isitayela sokushaya asisebenzisi indlela ye-four-on-the-floor rhythm pattern evamile kwenye umculo wesendlini. Izihloko ezivamile ze-lyric zihlanganisa Ukuphila kwasebusuku. Ngokuvamile isebenzisa umusho omusha noma imigqa embalwa embalwa engomeni. I-Gqom yasungulwa isizukulwane esisha samadJ anezikhono ezihlanganisa ukwakhiwa okuthunyelwe kanye nesofthiwe efana ne-FL Studio, futhi ngokuvamile esisakaza umculo wabo kuma-platforms okuhlanganyela amafayela.

I-gqom ikhishwe ngokuthi "3 Step" Ngo-2016, u-Iglam u-Sbucardo wathola ulwazi oluthile mayelana ne-Igwam okuyinto izigqi ezintathu kanye ne-Igom eyodwa, okuyinto iqhathaniswa ngokuphathelene njenge-3 Step. I-Gqom kanye nabakhiqizi be-afro-tech kanye nabadlali base-DJ bavame ukuxhumana nezinhlobo ezimbili zalezi zinto (i-gqom ne-afro'tech) njengengxenye. Izithombe ezitholakala zingaba yi-I-Culoe De Song ka-2018, "*Poki Returns*" kanye ne-u"*Nika Nika*" ka-UDlala Thukzin (i-remix magical) esitholakala ku-2020 ku-*Permanent Music*, EP. Ngo-2021, uDlala Thukzin wathola uhlelo lwakhe lwokubhala izinto ngokusebenzisa i-"*Phuze"* (remix) ezifanele izigaba ze-I-Mapura, u-Zaba, uSir Trill, kanye noRascoe Kaos, ngokuhlanganisa izinto zegqom ne-i-amapiano, bathi babe yingoma eyodwa.

I-Gqom ihlanganisa ubuhle bonke abeke isigqi, ngokwengxenye, njengokushintshana phakathi kwezinyathelo ezintathu noma ezimbili.

## Umlando

I-Gqom yayivela ekuqaleni kwawo-2010. Ngalesi sikhathi, amathonya ngalesi sikhathi aqala ukucaphuna izenzo ezinjenge-Naked Boyz, abakwaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi bakhuluma ngeqophelo lethu "*IIthoyizi*" elafumana isayinwe ku-compilation yakwaDJ Cndo ethi "i-Afrotainment," kanye nabakhiqizi bomculo njengeBlaq Soul kanye neCuloe De Song abaqondisa ithribali house, okukhombisa ukwakhiwa kwe-beat. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimbumbulu zaseDurban, i-gqom yasekuqaleni kanye nendlu yesizwe yayishintshana kuma-DJ sets, njengama-music ezifana nomculo wasePitoli nase-Eastern Cape, abakhiqizi bebhala imisebenzi yabo njengaweDJ Spoko, Machance, DJ Mujava, DJ Mthura, kanye ne-sgxumseni (njengeDJ Clock kanye neDJ Gukwa), baphinde bahlukene phakathi nalesi sikhathi.

Umphumela oqinile ku-Ningizimu Afrika kukhona emashoneni e-mini van taxi abeze i-subwoofer ngamathoyitha kuyi-*Toyota Quantum* (efakwe endaweni njengombombo), esiza ekugcineni ukusiza kuhlanganise izithuthi ezinkulu zezibambiso.
Kusukela emuva kwama-2010, lolu hlobo lwezomculo luphumelele kwezwe lonke, kusukela kwezwe laseLondon. I-Gqom ithatha indima yayo esizungezela izinhlelo zebhizinisi zemiteksi nezinye izindawo zemisebenzi, isiko elizwa ngokuthi "ukuqhuma kwe-gqom (*gqom explosion*)" olubizwa kakhulu ngu-INazoke. Kufakwe abantu abavuma eThekwini, kodwa kusukela khona amadolobha nama-dolobhana aseKwaZulu-Natal ayabamba ukufaka into enhleko.

## I-Gqom Ehlukile

Ngo-2017, i-rapper wezomculo we-elektronikhi u-Okmalumkoolkat wathatha inhloso yokuthi "Gqi" kanye no-Amadando, okwabe ethunyelwe yi-Rudeboyz (abamelene ne-Menchess, i-Massive Q, kanye no-Andile).

Ngo-2018, i-Rudeboyz yayitshele uBuhle Mbonambi, owayengumhleli we-IOL, ukuthi ngamazinye amahora bahlanganisa i-gqom nezinye izinhlobo zezomculo njenge-hip hop ne-pop.

Ngo-2019, i-albhamu ka-DJ Tira, "*I-kheni*", yayihlanganisa uhlanganiselo lwamakhulu ezinhle, njengoba i-gqom, i-maskandi, i-gospel, i-amapiano, i-trap, ne-hip hop. I-albhamu yayiveza izivakashi eziningana ezibabonisa u-Chymamusique, u-Duncan, u-Skye Wanda, u-Dlala Mshunqisi, u-Kwesta, u-Hlengiwe Mhlaba, kanye no-Tipcee.

Ngo-2021, uDlala Thukzin wathola uhlelo lwakhe lwokubhala i-"*Phuze*" (remix), okuhlanganisa izici zegqom ne-amapiano kwizinto ezinhlekelele.

Umculi we-R&B, i-pop, ne-amapiano uTyla wakhishwa i-DJ Lag kanye noKooldrink ekwakheni i-ngoma, "*Overdue*". Le ngoma ihlanganisa izici zegqom ne-popiano.

Ngo-2022, i-albhamu ye-Igqom ye-Natal Piano Movement, i-*Legendary Edition* yayihlanganisa izinzuzo zezigqom, i-Deep House, kanye ne-Amapiano.

I-albhamu ye-Phases ka-Moonchild Sanelly ihlanganisa umculo we-rap waseDurban, kanye no-uBlxckie okwabe ekhombisa ukuvuseleka kwesivakashi komculo we-kwaito. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-gqom ne-amapiano ihlanganiswa nangezinzuzo ze-hip hop, jazz, pop, R&B, kanye ne-trap.

UDlala Thukzin kanye nomkhiqizi we-house kanye ne-record label ye-amapiano, uDJ Kabza De Small, babambisana ekwakhiweni kwe-single ethi "Magical Ideas" okwaba ngaphakathi ku-Thukzin's, Permanent Music 3, EP.

### I-United Kingdom

Ngoqiniso, i-Kode9 (uSteve Goodman), ongumqeqeshi ye-elektronikhi, uhamba phambili ekuboniseni isithakazelo esiphakeme kwi-label ye-music ye-gqom, i-Hyperdub. Amalebula aseBrithani afana no-Gqom Oh!, i-Hyperdub, kanye no-Goon Club All Stars, bahlanganisa amarekhodi a-Durban gqom namaqembu abo bamehlo ezikhathini eziningi, njengamaqembu we-Mafia Boyz, i-Dominowe, i-Cruel Boyz, uJulz Da Deejay, i-Formation Boyz, DJ Mabheko, i-Untichicks, i-TLC Fam, i-Unticipated Soundz, i-Emo Kid, kanye no-Okzharp. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathrekhi ase-Gqom ayatholakala kwi-EP *Touch* KG & i-Scratcha DVA, kanye no- & Baga Man ka-Scratchclart. U-Scratcha DVA wathola ukuthi i-UK Gqom iyinqayizivele ye-gqom, ikwazile ukuthonya isiko salamaqembu aseBrithani, ikakhulukazi isicelo sezimandi wase-UK. Umfanekiso we-UK Gqom ungubani kaKG & Scratchclart i-*The I-Classix*. Ngo-2023, uScratcha wathola ikhono ekubambeni kanye noMenzi Shabane we-Igom, kwafika ekwenzeni nephayona. U-DJ Lag wakhuluma naye nomkhiqizi we-grime record waseBrithani futhi no-MC, u-Novelist, kusuka kuboniswa kwesihloko esithi "I-*Bulldozer*". Le ngoma yayatholakala eLondon futhi yabonisa amagama, "Big Novelist comes like a bulldozer. Kodwa ngenza isitha sivumelane ukuthi sekuphelile. Angikaze sibe ngumshoshaphansi, ngisosha langempela".

### IJapane

eJapane, isigcawu se-gqom selwela ekushintsheni kwawo, ngesikhathi esikhulayo, ngokucacile ku-DJ nomkhiqizi uKΣITO, owaziwa ngokuthi waphuma kwesigcawu footwork saseJapane. Isithakazelo se-KΣITO ku-gqom siyaphila maphakathi nawo-2010. Ngo-2016, wabeka i-EP eyayihlanganisa i-gqom i-U*Hatagaya*. Izinhlelo eziningi zegqom zaseKΣITO, njengaye I-*Jakuzure Butoh*, zathola ukukhula.

I-KΣITO ihamba phambili ngemuva kwebusuku be-TYO GQOM eTokyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wabambisana ne-USI KUVO isekeli lesigaba semikhumbi, ehamba ngokuthuthukiswa kwesigcawu se-gqom eJapane, futhi wabeka izimisekelo ezingaphakeme zokulungisa izinto kwamanye amaqembu abo kwi-gqom eDurban njengeLoktion Boyz. Abanye abakhiqizi baseJapane njenge-Indus Bonze, bahlanganisa izitayela somculo wesigcawu ne-*gorge*, futhi babe ngumculo waseJapane osiza ekulungiseni kwezinto.

### IFrance

IFrance, iqembu le-Gqommunion liqalile ngo-2017 nguSebastien Forrester no-Amzo, owayesaziwa njengoba yi-Gqom Oh!, irekhodi eyinqopha-mlando. Ngo-2019, uSebastien Forrester wabonisa i-EP ye-Iggom inspired, i-*Salvo*, ehlanganisa ne-coupé-décalé, izigqi.

### INingizimu Korea

Ngo-2018, iqembu labafana i-BTS liqalela i-"*Idol*" kwi-albhamu yabo *Love Yourself: Answer*. I-Gqom yayilula futhi yayihlanganisa izakhi zesigqi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqembu lihlonishwa ngokwemvelo, futhi liyathuthukisa inguqulo eyisisekelo yengoma, enomculi we-rap waseTrinidad-American, uNicki Minaj, ngokudlulisela kwe-digital kuphela.

### IMexico

Ngo-2021, i-albhamu yomculo waseMexico i-OMAAR, i-*Drum Temple* yaphefumulelwa yi- gqom phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo ezifana ne-UK funky. I-single, "*Drum Dance*".

### INigeria

Ngo-2018, i-Citizen Boy, umdabu waseDurban futhi iphayona lomculo we-gqom, yayihlangana nomculi waseNigeria uDapo Tuburna ukukhiqiza ingoma ethi "I-Alala". Le ngoma yayihlanganisa ku-B-Side, kwi-EP ye-Citizen Boy enesihloko esithi, *Gqom Feve*r. "I-*Alala*" kwakuyinhlanganisela ye-gqom ne-afrobeats. Umlobi wezingoma nomculi, uYemi Alade, wavela ngo- "*My Power*" ngo-2019. Ngo-2022, i-MOVES Recordings yabonisa iqoqo layo lesibili, elinesihloko esithi *Cruise*, eliqokomisa umsindo waseNigeria, okubonisa ukukhululeka kwe-gqom, i-techno, i-amapiano, i-afrobeats, isampula lomlingisi waseNollywood kanye noMvangeli we-TV-tele kanye nezinye izinhlobo. Iqoqo layo lihlanganisa i-DJ Stainless, i-DG Elede, i-J YK, i-RJ West, i-Fela 2 kanye noDJ OP Dot. Ngo-2020, "*Zazu Beat*" kaDJ Yk Mule nePortable Zazu's, yakhululwa. Ngo-2022, "*UZazoo Zehh*" kaPoco Lee, Portable, kanye nomculi we-rap uOlamide babaqala ukuvela ku-I-Billboard Global 200.

### I-Uganda

e-Uganda, i-Nyege Nyege's record label Nyege Tapes, yayidlala kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni amarekhodi ye-Iggom kanye nokwenza amaphayona e-Igom, abakhiqizi be-Iggum kanye nabaculi abanjengoMenzi Shabane, i-Phelimuncasi (owabakhelwa uMalathon kanye nabaculi abangamawele uMakan Nana noKhera), i-Uganda DJ Scoturn, i-DJ Ndakx kanye ne-DJ Nhlekzin.

### I-United States

Ngo-2018, uBabes Wodumo wayehlola kwi-albhamu yaseMarvel Comics, i-*Black Panther: Soundtrack album* eyayinhlanganisela uKendrick Lamar, lapho eqoqelela indlela yakhe ethakazelisa indlela yevokali yegqom kwi-hhovisi "*Redemption*". Futhi, Wodumo walahlanganyela neqembu le-elektronikhi lelamelika leMajor Lazer kwi- "*Orkant/Balance Pon It*" futhi wabonisa izicathulo zegqom ekhasini lokumdlavula olwenziwe yimi. Ngo-2018, uNicki Minaj wasebenzisana ne-BTS ku- "Idol". Ngo-2019, umculi we-rap waseMelika uTierra Whack kanye nomkhiqizi we-rekhodi kanye nomlobi wezingoma UNija Charles bavela ku-UBeyoncé's "*My Power*". I-albhamu ye-Beyoncé, ye-Renaissance studio ka-2022, yahlanganisa i-glam phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo. Ngo-2024, uFranchise wakhipha, "*Satisfaction*". [*citation needed*]

### I-Indonesia

Ngo-2024, i-IBandung DJ kanye nomkhiqizi womculo u-REYY bakhipha ingoma enesihloko esithi, "*ITokyo Gqom*", i-remix ye-single kaTeriyaki Boyz ka-2006, "*Tokyo Drift (Fast & Furious)* ".  [*citation needed*]

## Ukudansa

I-Gqom yehlotshaniswa nezinqubo eziningi zokudansa ezahlukene, ekuyenzela kufakwe phakathi i-gwara, i-vosho ne-bhenga.

### *IGwara gwara*

I-IGwara gwara iyenzwa ngokugingqa nokushaya ingalo nendololwane ngokwenza isiyingi, futhi omunye wemilenze uhamba ngokuhambisana nesigqi sengalo. Kubonakala sengathi iyafana ne-i-*stanky legg*. UGwara gwara waduma nge-DJ Bongz IGwara gwara Afrika kanye nomculi uBabes Wodumo. Isinyathelo sokudansa sasungulwa ngumdlali we-disc kanye nomkhiqizi uDJ Bongz, salingiswa kakhulu abantu baseNingizimu Afrika nabanye abantu base-Afrika ikakhulukazi phakathi no-2016. Iphinde yathola ukuthandwa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke njengoba i-choreography yamukelwa abaculi abavelele: URihanna wenza isinyathelo sokudansa ngenkathi edlala i-"*Wild Thoughts*" kuma-60th Annual Grammy Awards ngo-2018. UChildish Gambino wenza umdanso ku-video yengoma yakhe ethi "*This Is America*". I-BTS yenza umdanso emdlalweni wengoma yabo ethi "*Idol*".

## Imithombo

## Izihlanganisi ezingaphandle

* I-Future Sound of Mzansi (Ingxenye 1), ibhayisikobho ye-documentary ka-2014 kaSpoek Mathambo noLebogang Rasethaba eveza i- gqom.
* Isizukulwane se-Gqom saseDurban, eNingizimu Afrika (isiqephu se-podcast se-Afop Worldwide, 19 July 2018)
* Umculo we-I-Gqom: Ukusakazeka kusuka eThekwini kuya emhlabeni wonke (Imizuzu emihlanu) (Wokuqala wasakazwa ngo-22 November 2018 ku-BBC World Service - Global Beats) \*\*Bheka i-Gqom ukuze uthole i-podcast ephelele (imizuzu engu-53)
* I-Versace Men's Spring-Summer 2019 Collection Show,Gqom esetshenziswa njengomculo we-runway - (Versace, 2018)
* I-BTS: I-IDOL ye-Tonight Show Starring UJimmy Fallon - (The Tonight Show Storring Jimmy Fallón, BTS, Jimmy Fallon, 2021)
* I-Surf Sangoma (i-trailer esemthethweni) - I-Gqom soundtrack (I-Disney+ , Kizazi Moto: I-Generation Fire, 2023) *Kizazi Moto: Isizukulwane Somlilo, 2023)*