# uJesu

| uJesu |
| --- |
| iGama loMdabu | יֵשׁוּעַ |
| Wazalwa | Yeshua 4 ku-0 BC eBhethelehema, eJudeya |
| ukuShona |
uMbasa ka30 ku 34 AD eGoligotha, eJerusalema, eJudeya |
| uMbanga wokuFa |
Ukubulawa esiphambanweni |
| uHlanga |
umJuda |
| imiNyaka yokusebenza |
Iminyaka emine |
| iZenzo eziQhakambiswe |
Ukusungula ubuKristu |
| abaZali |
unina: uMariya uyise: uJosefa |
| iziHlobo |
uJohane umBhabhadisi |
| uMndeni |
uJakobe |

uJesu (owaziwa ngelikaJesu Kristu) ungumsunguli wenkolo yamaKristu owayengumfundisi nomshumayeli owayeliJuda esifundazweni saseJudeya, ngenkathi yombuso yamaRoma. Lawo magatsha obuKristu akholelwa kuZiqu ziNtathu akholwa ukuthi uJesu uyindodana kaNkulunkulu, nokuthi ungumuntu wesibili engqingithini likaNkulunkulu. Lokho kuchaza ukuthi uyiLizwi likaNkulunkulu elazalwa nguMariya iTshitshi ngokusebenza kukaMoya oyiNgcwele. Kanjalo amaKristu akholwa ukuthi uJesu uyindodana eyodwa kaNkulunkulu ezelwe. Ngenxa yobumsulwa bempilo yakhe nokuzinekelela ukuxolelwa kwezono zabantu, abantu abakholelwa kuye abakubhubha kepha bazothola impilo ngunaphakade.

uMlando wempilo yakhe kanye nezimfundiso zakhe zilotshwe eTestimenteni eLisha, inxenye yesibili yaseBhayibhelini. AmaKristu akholwa ukuthi iTestimente eliDala (iBhayibheli lesiHeberu) laliphawula ngaye uJesu (obizwa ngegama likaMesiyah izwi elichaza umSindisi ngesiHeberu). Ukuzalwa kukaJesu kugujwa ngosuku lukaKhisimusi, ukubulwa nokuvuka kwakhe kwabafileyo ngozinsuku zePhasika, nokukhuphulwa ezulwini ngosuku lokuKhuphula. Nakuba iVangeli (inqoqo yezincwadi ezine zokuqala zeBhayibheli) zichaza izimangaliso ewazizenza esemncane, abaningi bakholwa ukuthi ukushumayela kwakhe kuqala eneminyaka engama-30 kufikela iminyaka engama-33 lapho uPontius Pilate (isibonda saseJudeya) ngasemuva kwokukhankhansiwa ngamaFaresi ukuthi uJesu ahlukunyenzwe abulawe.

## Igama neziBongo

Isithombe sikaJesu esiveza isithakazo sikaJesu waseNazaretha iNkosi yamaJuda ngezilimi zesiHeberu, isiGreki (ΙΝΒΙ: *Iēsoûs ho Nazōraîos ho basileús tôn Ioudaíōn*) nesiLathini (INRI: *Iesus Nazarenus, Rex Iudaeorum*). Lesisithakazo asisetshenziswanga nguJesu nabafundi bakhe ngoba bebathanda elikaNkosi yase-isirayeli.
iGama elithi "Jesu" livela egameni lika-*Jesus* ngesiNgisi nesiBhunu eqhamuka esiLathini lika-*Iesus.* Leligama lika-Iesus liqhamuka esiGrekini: *Iesos* (Ἰησοῦς). Leligama liqhamuka kusiHeberu יֵשׁוּעַ (u-*Yeshua*) isifingqo sika-יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (u-*Yehoshua*). Ngenxa yokuthi amaHeberu wayewazizwa ngegama elilodwa ngaphandle kwesibongo, uJesu waziwa ngelika-Jesu waseNazaretha. iGama lakhe - ichaza ukuthi "uNkulunkulu uyasindisa" (ישׁע - ukusindisa noma-יְשׁוּעָה - insindiso ngesiHeberu). ElikaKristu lona liqhamuka esithakazweni sesiGreki Χριστός (Christos) eliyisihumusho segama lesiHeberu lika-מָשַׁח elichaza "ogcotshiwe".

uJesu ubizwa ngezithakazo noma izibongo ezahlukene: iMvana kaNkulunkulu, iMbali kaSharoni, iNkosana yokuThula, oseDuze kithi ukundlula naBafobethu, u-Imanuwele (uNkulunkulu uNathi), iNdodana yabaNtu, uKhwezi, iNgonyama kaJuda, uMntwana kaDavide, iSinkwa sokuPhila, oHlezi ngasesokudla sikaYise, uMkhulumeli woxolo, u-Alfa no-Omega (isiQalo nesiPhetho), uMthombo ongapheliyo.

## Okhokho

iVangeli ngokukaMathewu linohlu lozalo olufika-Abrahamu kodwa iVangeli ngokukaLukha linohlu lozalo elifika ku-Adam, umlisa wokuqala ukubunjwa nguNkulunkulu. Lezinhlu zifana ngaphakathi ka-Abrahamu kufikela kuDavide kepha ngasemuva kwalapho ziyahluka kakhulu. AboSomlando naboSomchazankolo njengoNgcwele Eusebius waseCaesarea noNgcwele Augustinus waseHippo bakholwa ukuthi lokuhluka kwembula okhokho bakaJosefa (uyise okwenyama ngenxa yokuganwa ngunina uMariya) okwenzalo kukayise oyenyama nowomthetho. Kepha abosomlando nabosomchazankolo njengo Robert Gundry basola ukuthi inxenye yalohlu luyinqambo elinganaqiniso.

## Ukuzalwa

iBhayibheli lichaza ukuthi iNgilosi uGabriyeli uhambele uMariya ukumtshela ukuthi uzozala indodana kaNkulunkulu nakuba engazananga nomlisa.Ukukhulelwa kukaMariya kumhluphile uJosefa owayethenjisiwe ukuganwa nguMariya kodwa iBhayibheli lichaza ukuthi uJosefa wayehanjelwe yiNgilosi likaNkulunkulu ukuthi angamlaxazi uMariya kepha amthetha njengomkakhe. Ngokumamkela njengeNdodana yakhe, uJosefa unikeze uJesu ifa likaDavide. Ngenxa yokuhlobana no-Elizabhethi, kucagelwa ukuthi uJesu wayenobumvelaphi bamaLevi isizwe sase-Isirayeli lapho amapristi wayeqhamuka khona.

Ngenxa yobalo lwabantu olubizwe yisibonda saseJudeya uPublius Sulpicius Quirinius, uMariya noJosefa bafudukele eBhethelehema, lapho uJosefa wayezalwe khona njengoba kwakungumthetho kulezinsuku. iBhayibheli libala ukuthi Mariya ubelethile esibayeni ngenxa yokungafumani indlu lapho bangalala khona. iVangeli lisho ukuthi uJesu wahanjelwa ngabaseMpumalanga ababone inkanyezi ekhombe ekuzalweni kukaJesu.

Kodwa abosomchazankolo bayalisola lencazelo eliqhamuka eVangelini ngokukaLukha ukuthi luyiphutha ngoba abukho ubufakazi ukuthi kwakukhona ubalo lwabantu embusweni wonke wamaRoma nokuthi uMbuso waseRoma wawukhokhisa iJudeya intelo nqo (isizathu leliVangeli lithi lwaluyinsusa yobalo). Nakuba kunjalo, ngokukaMathewu, uJesu uzelwe eBhethelehema. Ngenxa yokuthi uHerodi wayefunde kubaseMpumalanga ukuthi kunenkosi yaseJudeya ekuphawulwe ngayo ngenkanyezi, kwakukhishwe isiyalelelo sokuthi abafana abaneminyaka engenhla kwemithathu ukuthi babulawe. Mhla exwayiswa yiNgilosi ngephupho, uJosefa wabalekela eGibhitha nomkakhe nengane. iBhayibheli lisho ukuthi iNgilosi imuyalele ukuthi aqambele lengane igama likaJesu.

## Impilo

uJesu wayekhulele eNazaretha, umuzi duze nelwandlana laseGaleli nabafobabo uJakobe, uJosefa, uJudasi noSimoni nabodadebabo ebangabizwanga ngamagama. Nakuba wayeyenza izimanga futhi efundise esinagogini, iningi lobusha bakhe luchithwe ngokuba ngumbazi. Abanye bathi kungenzeka ukuthi wayengumsebenzi wezandla ekhanda lokhu nalokhu ngemimongo ehlukile. Kepha ukushumayela kwakhe kuqale eneminyaka angama-30 eshadweni waseKana lapho ephedule amanzi iwayini. UJesu ubhajadiswe nguJohane uMbhabhadisi owayengumtwana wakaElizabhethi, isihlobo sikaMariya. iBhayibheli lithi ijuba lehle ezulwini kuyena lapho uphimbo lukaNkulunkulu lumemezele ukuthi "Nguye lona indodana yami, engiziqhenya ngaye". Ngasemuva kwalokho uJesu wahamba egwadulweni lapho wayezila insuku namalanga angama-40 eyengwa nguSathane. Ngasemuva kwesivivinyo sesithathu, uJesu wayehlule imiheho kaSathane. Lokho kwakumlungiselela ukuqala inkambo yakhe yokushumayela emphakathini.

Kulotshwe ukuthi uJesu wenze izimanga njengokwenza umchwali ahambe, impumputha ibone, ukuhamba phezukwamanzi, ukuthulisa isivunguvungu, ukuvusa umufi kwabafileyo, ukuphilisa owesifazane owayenesifo somopho, nokukhipha abantu amadimoni. uJesu wayehamba emizini yaseJudeya eshumayela. Wayenabafundi abangayi-12 kodwa lelonani landa ngokushesha kufikela ama-70. Labafundi behambe bememezela ukufika kwakhe endaweni thile. Izimfundiso nezimanga zakhe ziholele ekutheni agxekwe ngabafundisi bomthetho wamaJuda. Isibonelo, uJesu nabafundi bakhe bebaphilisa abantu futhi bevuna okuya emthunjeni osukwini leSabatha nakuba kungavunyelwanga ngumthetho kaMose. Futhi kwakwaziwa ukuthi uJesu wayesondelene nezilahlwa nezingahlonipheki emphakathini njengabaqwayisi abafana noMariya waseMagdela nokuvikela owesimame owayephinga. Futhi, uJesu wachitha impahla yabadayisi eThempelini laseJerusalema ngenxa yokungcoliswa nokukaphathwi ngenhlonipho efanele kwalo.

## Ukufa nokuVuka

iNgaphakathi leSonto leThuna eliNgcwele eJerusalema elakhiwe phezu kweGoligotha – indawo uJesu abulewe khona
uJudasi, omunye wabafundi bakaJesu wayeyimbuka eyadayisa uJesu kumaFaresi, njengoba uJesu wayebikezele esidlweni sokugcina. Nakuba uPetro, omunye wabafundi, ozame ukumvikela ngokunquma omunye wamasosha owayemthumba indlebe ngenkemba, uJesu umyalele ukuthi lokho okwenzakele – kakhulu ukujikelwa nguJudasi – kwakuhleliwe nguNkulunkulu. uJesu ulethwe phambi kwesixuku samaJuda esigodlweni sikaPontiusi Piloti. uPontiusi Piloti (owayeyisibonda saseJudeya) wayebikelwe ukuthi ehlulele amacala alethwe ngabadala emphakathini wamaJuda – njengokuzibiza inkosi yamaJuda nokungakhokhi umnikelo ngokufanele.

uPontiusi Piloti, eqaphele ukuthi uJesu uwela ngaphansi kwesikhundla sikaHerodi, wacela yena uHerodi ukuthi amugwebe icala lakhe. uHerodi wambuza imibuzo kepha uJesu wanqaba ukuwaphendula. Ukumhlambalaza, uHerodi umbathise uJesu ngezingubo ezinhle futhi uyalele abantu bakhe bambize inkosi. uPiloti wakhipha isinqumo sokuthi uJesu umsulwa. Kodwa, ngoba isixuku sasilangazelela ukujeziswa kwakhe, uPiloti waphakamisa umbono wokudlulisa ukugwetshwa kwakhe kubo amaJuba. Njengobakwakuyisiko lamaJuda ukuthi isixuku sikhethe isiboshwa esisodwa ukuthi sikhululwe, uPiloti wabuza isixuku ukuthi siketha ukukhulula uJesu noma uBarrabbasi na. AmaJuda akhethe ukuthi loyo owayewaziwayo ukuthi ungumbulali, uBarrabbasi, akhululwe; bakhethe ukuthi uJesu ajeziswe.

Amasosha amuthweze umqhele wameva ekhanda, bamugaxisa isiphambano esisindayo sokhuni. uJesu waphoqwa ukuthi asithwale emgwaqeni weziNyembezi (noma yeNhlukunyezo - ngesiLathini i-*Via Dolorosa*). uJesu esithwele kanjalo, wayekhafulelwa, eshayiwa ngemvumbu emdwebe imigqa futhi yamkhipha amanxeba emqolo, futhi ethukwa ngezinhlamba. uJesu wabethelwa ngezipikili esiphambanweni leso futhi ufaswe ngezintambo. Ngasehlangothini lokudla nasenxele, kwakunabanye ababili ababethelwe eziphambanweni zabo, omunye emgxeka, omunye embungaza.

Kuthiwa uJesu wakhipha izikhalo ezimbili: esinye sincengela abagxeki bakhe kuYise, esinye simkhakhelela yena uYise ukuthi umlaxazi kanjani. eMuva kokuthi isosha limhlabe ngomkhonto, uJesu wafa. Kubhalwe ukuthi kwashukuma umhlaba kangangokuthi ikhethini eliqinile ebuNgweleni bobuNgcwele eThempelini laseJerusalema ladabuka ngaphakathi. uJesu uyehliswe esiphambanweni ngabafundi bakhe, nabafobabo nonina, uMariya. Bamhlamba, bamboza ngendwangu emhlophe, bamfaka ethuneni. iButho lamajoni .athunywa ukuthi zungengeze futhi livikele ithuna lakhe Kulotshwe ukuthi ngasemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili, eshonile iNgilosi ishukumise umhlaba, yasusa ilitshe elalivale umnyango oluya ethuneni. lakhe uJesu waphuma kulo kepha uma kubukwa kulo wayengasekho. Ngapsemuva okuhlangabezwa ngabafundi besifazane nokuchitha isikhathi nabanye babafundi abkhe uJesu wakhuphuka ezulwini ethembise abafundi bakhe ukuthi uzobuya.

## NgokobuKristu

NgokobuKristu, uJesu ungumuntu ngokwenyama futhi unguNkulunkulu. Uyindodana kaNkulunkulu eyodwa ezelwe eliyilizwi elizalwe ngenyama nokwesifanekiso esiphelele somuntu. Akasiyona elinye lezinkulunkulwana kepha uyalingana futhi unengqingithi nye noNkulunkulu uYise noNkulunkulu uMoya oyiNgcwele. Imikhandlu weSonto Jikelele yaseNicaea, yaseKhonsitantinapoli, naseKhalikhadoni zishicilele izimvumo eziphakamise lombono futhi iqalekise imikholo engakuvumi ubuNkulunkulu nobuntu bukaJesu njengobuhedeni. Ngenxa yokwamukela izinqumo ezithathwe yilemikhandlu, kunamagatsha amathathu avumelwe ngokujwayelekile ukuthi ngawobuKristu ngempela: amaRoma (noma amaKatolika), amaProtestanti, nebandla laboSonjengakudala baseMpumalanga. Kepha Nakuwo lamabandla, aphikisana mayelana iminingwane engekhomqoka njengobungakho bobumunye bobuntu nobunkulunkulu omongweni bakhe.

AmaKristu akholwa ukuthi uma uJesu ebulawa, umoya wakhe ulwe noSathane. Akholwa ukuthi uJesu umphuce izihluthulelo zokufa nokuphila. Mhla evuka ngosuku lwesithathu ngasemuva kokubulawa kwakhe, uvuke ephuce uSathane amandla phezu kokufa nokuphila. AmaKristu akholwa ukuthi uJesu uwayalele ukuthi adle iwayini elimele igazi nesinkwa esimele umzimba wakhe njengesiko lokumkhumbula. AmaKristu ayaphikisana mayelana iminingo yalelesiko. Amanye akholwa ukuthi uma umpristi ekhulekela iwayini nesinkwa, umongo wayo uphenduka igazi nomzimbo ngokomoya. Amanye akholwa ukuthi iwayini nesinkwa ziyizifanekiso kuphela. Ukunqaba ukudla lesisidlo seNkosi nebandla lamaKristu elithile kuyiphawu lokunqamula ubudlelwano.

Futhi, bakholelwa ekutheni, ukubhajadiswa ngamanzi egameni likaYise, iNdodana noMoya oyiNgcwele, nokukholwa kuNkulunkulu noJesu, kubanga ukuxolelwa kwezono, ukuzalwa kabusha, nokunikezwa uMoya oyiNgcwele. Amanye amaKristu akholwa ukuthi nengane esanda kuzalwa ivumelekile ukuthi ibhajadiswe kodwa kufanele isiqinisekiso sokukhetha uJesu senziwe emdala. Amanye amabhandla akholwa ukuthi umuntu kufanele abenokhono lokuqondisisa lesinqumo sokukholelwa kuyena ukuze ebhajadiswe. Amanye amaKristu akholwa ukuthi umbhabhadiso nokukholwa kwanele ukuthi umuntu asinde ngosuku lokuHlulelwa. Amanye akholwa ukuthi umbhabhadiso awunelanga nokuthi kufuneka umuntu aphenduke ezonweni zakhe futhi acele ukuxolo njalo ngasemuva kokubhabhadiswa ukuze asinde. AmaKristu akholwa ukuthi igama likaJesu yilona elilodwa elinamandla phezu kwawonke amagama.

## Ubuqiniseko

Nakuba kunokuphikisana ngaphakathi kosomlando mayelana iminingwane ethile yempilo kaJesu nobuqiniso bomlando olotshwe eVangelini, iningi labosomlando ivuma ukuthi kunobukhono bokwenzeka obukhulu ukuthi uJesu wayengumuntu owaphila emhlabeni ngempela. Iningi labosomlando licabanga ukuthi isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokulotshwa kwezincwadi zeVangeli, umlando kaJesu wawundluliswa ngomlomo. Kungakho izincwadi ezine zeVangeli ngeke zibonwe njengomlandompilo ngokwesimanje ngokuba zazingalotshwanga nguJesu uqobo noma abafundi bakhe (nakuba ababhali bazo bawanikeze amagama wabafundi bakaJesu). Abosomlando basebenzisa imibandela embalwa ukuqinisekisa ubuqiniso bemibhalo: ubufakazi obuzimele, ubuqondakala nenqubeko engakhawulwanga.

Lokho kuholele ekutheni kusolwe ukuthi iVangeli ngokukaMarku, ngokukaMathewu nangokukaLukha iqhamuka emthombeni uwodwa, u-Q. iVangeli ngokukaJohane ihlukhile ngoba yayilotshwe ngasemuva kwezinye futhi ikhuluma kakhulu ngezochazankolo kunezomlando. Kunababhali ababili baseRoma ndala, uJosephus noTacitus abangasi amaKristu, ababhala ngoJesu ezincwadini zabo: i-*Antiquitates Iudaicae* (EziNdala zamaJuda) ne-*Annales* (Ezakamandulo). Kakhulu umbhalo kaTacitus mayelana ukubulawa kukaJesu ukholwa ukuthi uyiqiniso ngeningi labosomlando. Lemithombo ivuma ukuthi uJesu wayengumfundisi, umenzi wezingaliso, wayenomfowabo uJakobe, wayengavumelani nezimfundiso zeziphathamandla zamaJuda, wayekhathazekile ngabampofu, futhi wabulawa ngodlame.

Iminingo njengokuthi isibonda saseJudeya sasinguPontiusi Piloti, ukuthi uJesu wayephila esikhathini soMbusi waseRoma uTiberius, ukushona kukaJohane umBhabhadisi, nomshado kaHerodi oMkhulu kuHerodias iqondana nezigameko nezenzakalo ezenzakele ngempela. Ngokusebenzisa umlando wemishomo, abasomchazamkhathi basola ukuthi uJesu ushone ngoMbasa eminyakweni engama-30 kufikela engama-33 AD.

## Ngokwezinkolo ezinye

uJoseph Smith oMncane, owafundisa ukuthi uJesu uyilunga lomkhandlu oholwa nguNkulunkuku uYiseuShembe, okuthiwa ngaye ngabanye bamaNazaretha ukuthu ungukubuya kwesibili kukaJesu
NgokobuJuda, uJesu wayengumkhohlisi owagwetshwa ngokufanele ngenxa yentshumayelo eyayikhohlisa abakholwa. Kepha abanye bathi abukho ubufakazi ebuJudeni ukuthi mpeleni loJesu okhonzwa ebuKristini nguye omunye walaba abagwetshwe ngumkhandlu wamaJuda kulesosikhathi iBhayibheli labaKristu lithi wayephila ngalo. NgokobuSulemani, uJesu (owaziwa ngelika-Isa noma ngesi-Arabi saseKuranini: *ʿĪsā* عِيسَى) wayengomunye wabaphrofethi bakaNkulunkulu owafika ngaphambi komphrofethi wokugcina uMuhamedi. Nakuba wayebizwa u-*Yasūʿ* ngesi-Arabhu, uJesu loyo wobuSulemani, akasiyena indodana kaNkulunkulu. NgokweSonto lomBhabhadiso laseNazaretha lakwaZulu, uShembe ungukufika kwesibili kukaJesu. NgokwoMphakathi woMkhankaso waseMhlabeni waseNingizimu Khoriya, u-Ahn Sahng-hong ungukubuya kwesibili kukaJesu. Uphiko lwabangakholwelwa kuZiqu zintathu oluzibiza abaKristu njengeBandla likaJesu labaNgcwele beziNsuku zokuGcina noma abaFakazi bakaJehova abakholelwa ebuNkulunkulwini bukaJesu.