# Ukufuduka

Isikejana esifuthwayo sithwele abafuduki abalibangise eYurophu
Amanani okufuduka kwabantu abayi-1,000 ngowezi-2023. Abantu abasebenzisa uxhakaxholo bahamba besuka emazweni abomvu beya emazweni alundwa.
**Ukufuduka** isenzo sokuhamba ushiye izwe ozalwa kulo noyizakhamuzi kulo, ngenhloso yokuyohlala kweliye izwe unomphela. Ukufika nomthwalo noma ukuba owokufika kusho ukuthutheleka kwabantu ababuya kwamanye amazwe. Umfuduki ngumuntu ofudukayo, esukwa kwelakubo, bese eyokufikela kwelinye izwe elisha. Ngakgho ukufuduka nokuba owokufika kusho ukuhamba kwabantu kodwa ebukwa ngamehlo angafani.

Abachazibantu (*Demographers*) bavme ukuhlola izici ezisusa futhi zidonse abantu ukuba basuke endaweni ethile futhi badonseleke noma bahehelwe kwenye. Kungaba khona ukuganuka okwenza umuntu abaleke izmo ezimbi ezifana nokusweleka komhlaba noma imisebenzi, noma ukungphathwa kahle. Abantu bangadonswa nangamathuba atholakala kwenye indawo. Ukunaleka izimo ezicindezelayo, ukuba ogogobele, noma ofuna ukukhoseliswa ukuze azoba nobundima bokugogobala kwelinye izwe, kungenza umuntu agcine efudukela kulo unomphela.

Ukukhwebukwa ngempoqo kusho amaqembu aphoqwa ukuba ashiye izwe lawo lendabuko, kufana nofudukiswa kwabantu ngempoqo noma usongo lokuqothulwa kohlanga. Abagogobele kanye nabafuna ukukhoseliswa ngokwalomqondo bayizisulu zokuba izifika nemithwalo., njengoba bebhekene nezingqinmb eziningi ohambweni labo nasemizameni yabo yokuziqhaza nezwe elisha. Ngokwalomqondo, izifundiswa sezishaye ikhwelo lokuxoxisana nabezohwebo, izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo, izikhungo zemfundo, nabanye ababambiqhaza emiphakathini eyamukela abokufika.

## uMlando

Izifanelo zokufuduka kwabantu bezilokhu zithonywa izinguquko zezomnotho, ezenhlalo, nezombusazwe kuwo wonke umhlaba eminyakeni engamakhulu ambalwa adlule. Nokwesibonelo, izigidi zabantu zibaleka ububha, udlame, nezidubedue zezombusazwe eYurophu ukuze ziyohlala emazweni aseMelika naseziqhingini zolwandle ngekhulu le-18 nele-19. Ngokufanayo, izigidi zafuduka eShayina eseningizimu zasakazeka emazweni ahlukene ekhulwini le-19 nelama-20.

## Izici "ezisusa" noma "zidonse" abafuduki

*The Parting Cheer* by Henry Nelson O'Neil, 1861
Abachazibantu bayazihlukanisa izici ezisusa abantu indaweni ethile bese bayafuduka, kanye nalezo ezikuleyondawo ezibadonsayo. Izisusa ezenza abantu bafuduke zingahlanganisa izinzuzo ezihehayo kwelinye izwe, ezaziwa ngokuthi izici *ezidonsayo* , noma izimo ezibakhuthaza ukuba bafuduke kwelakubo. Inkithinkithi yezici ezisusa futhi zidonse abafuduki zinika izifundiswa amasu wokucubungula kahle emizwameni yazo yokuqonda ukufuduka kwabantu.

### Izici ezisusayo

* Izimo zokuhlala ezimbi njengominyana kwabantu
* Ukusweleka kwamathuba emisebenzi noma ezohwebo
* Ukusweleka kwamathuba ezemfundo
* Usongo lokuboshwa nokujeziswa
* Ukujokwa noma ukungabekezelelwa ngokohlanga, inkolo, ubulilisiqu
* Inkohlakalo yezombusazwe, ukungavuleleki kukahulumeni, noma ukusewela inkululeko yokukhuluma
* Ukwehluleka ukuthola isithandwa noma umshado
* Ukusweleka kwenkululeko yezenkolo, noma ukuzikhethela inkolo
* Ukuphela kwezinsizakusebenza, ukuvelakanci kwazo
* Ukubuthelwa impi, noma ubuphekula
* Ukuxoshwa umbutho wezempi noma ngempoqo
* Ukufadalala nokuwa komnotho
* Indlala noma isomiso
* Ububhozomeli ngokwesiko, ukucwaswa abanye

### Izici ezidonsayo

* Izingabunjalo lempilo eliphezulu, ukukhula komnotho, ukungabizi kwemikhiqizo
* Ukukhuthazwa izihlobo nabangakini
* Ukuceba ngokushesha
* Amathuba emisebenzi amaningi nenkokhelo ephezulu
* Ukuchuma noma ukuba injinga kwezomnotho
* Amathuba ezemfundo
* Ukukhenketha okukhokhelwe izihlobo
* Ukwakha isizwe esisha (ngokomlando)
* Ukwakha umphakathi wezenkolo noma isiko elithile
* Inkululeko yezombusazwe
* Amathuba wokuthola uthando
* Isimo sezulu esihle
* Kulula ukuwela imingcele

## Amaphatho