Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# IsiShayina

| IsiShayina |
| --- |
| 汉语／漢語 or 中文 Hànyǔ or Zhōngwén |
|  Hànyǔ (*Chinese*) written in traditional (left) and simplified (right) characters |
| Native to |
IShayina, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, Macau, Malaysia, IMelika, IKhanada, I-Indonesia, and other places with significant overseas Chinese communities |
| Ethnicity |
Han Chinese |
| Native speakers |
unknown (1.2 billion cited 1984–2001) |
| Language family |
Sino-Tibetan
* Sinitic
	+ **IsiShayina**
 |
| Standard forms |
Putonghua (Standard Mandarin)

 |
| Dialects |
Mandarin
Jin
Wu (incl. Shanghainese)
Huizhou
Gan
Xiang
Min (incl. Amoy, Teochew, Hoochew)
Hakka
Yue (incl. Cantonese, Taishanese)
Ping

 |
| Writing system |
Chinese characters, zhuyin fuhao, Latin, Arabic, Cyrillic, braille. Ancient use of 'Phags-pa script. |
| Official status |
| Official language in |  China
Template:Country data Hong Kong
Template:Country data Macau
 Taiwan
 Singapore
 *Wa State, Burma*
Template:Country data United Nations
Template:Country data ASEAN |
| Recognised minority language in |  Canada
 Malaysia
 United States |
| Regulated by |  National Commission on Language and Script Work  National Languages Committee  Promote Mandarin Council  Chinese Language Standardisation Council |
| Language codes |
| ISO 639-1 | zh |
| ISO 639-2 | chi (B) zho (T) |
| ISO 639-3 | zho – inclusive code Individual codes: cdo – Min Dong cjy – Jinyu cmn – Mandarin cpx – Pu Xian czh – Huizhou czo – Min Zhong gan – Gan hak – Hakka hsn – Xiang mnp – Min Bei nan – Min Nan wuu – Wu yue – Yue och – Old Chinese ltc – Late Middle Chinese lzh – Classical Chinese |
| Glottolog | sini1245 |
| Linguasphere | 79-AAA |
| Map of the Sinophone world
**Legend:**
     Countries identified Chinese as a primary, administrative, or native language
     Countries with more than 5,000,000 Chinese speakers
     Countries with more than 1,000,000 Chinese speakers
     Countries with more than 500,000 Chinese speakers
     Countries with more than 100,000 Chinese speakers
     Major Chinese-speaking settlements |
|

**IsiShayina** singulimi weShayina.

## Imithombo
# Sumo

**I-Sumo** (isiJapane: H, Hepburn: sumō, [sɯmoː], ikhanyisiwe. "Ukushayana") kuyindlela yokulwa okuqhudelana ngokugcwele lapho i-rikishi (wrestler) izama ukuphoqa isitha sayo ukuphuma eringini eliyisiyingi (dohyō) noma ekuthinteni umhlabathi nganoma yisiphi isitho somzimba ngaphandle kwamathe ezinyawo zakhe (imvamisa ngokumjikijela, ngokumsunduza noma ngokumcindezela phansi). I-sumo yobuchwepheshe ayikhiphi abesifazane emncintiswaneni nasemikhosini.

## Umlando

Imidwebo yodonga lwangaphambili ikhombisa ukuthi i-sumo yavela emdansweni wesiko lezolimo owenziwa ngomthandazo wesivuno esihle. Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwe-sumo kungatholakala embhalweni wesandla waseKojiki osukela ku-712, ochaza ukuthi ukutholwa kweziqhingi zaseJapan kwathathwa kanjani kumdlalo we-wrestling phakathi kwekami owaziwa ngokuthi yiTakemikazuchi neTakeminakata.

UTakemikazuchi wayengunkulunkulu wezulu lokuduma, inkemba, nokunqoba, okwenziwe ngegazi elachithwa lapho u-Izanagi ebulala idimoni lomlilo uKagu-tsuchi. UTakeminakata wayengunkulunkulu wamanzi, umoya, ezolimo nokuzingela, kanye nozalo olude lukankulunkulu wesiphepho uSusanoo. Ngenkathi uTakemikazuchi efuna ukunqoba umhlaba wase-Izumo, uTakeminakata wamphonsela inselelo yokulwa ngezandla. Kuma-melee abo, uTakemikazuchi wabamba ingalo kaTakeminakata wayicoboshisa "njengomhlanga," wehlula uTakeminakata wafuna ne-Izumo.

I-Nihon Shoki, eyashicilelwa ngo-720, ibeka umdlalo wokuqala we-sumo phakathi kwabantu abafayo kuze kube unyaka we-23 BC, lapho indoda egama linguNomi no Sukune ilwa noTaima noKuehaya ngokucela kuka-Emperor Suinin futhi ekugcineni yambulala, yamenza ukhokho wasenganekwaneni Ngokusho kukaNihon Shoki, uNomi wephule ubambo lukaTaima ngokukhahlela okukodwa, wambulala nokukhahlela nasemhlane. Kuze kube yiNkathi Ephakathi yaseJapan, le ndlela engalawulwa yomthetho yokulwa yayivame ukulwelwa kuze kufe omunye wabalwi.Izimpi zokuqala ezazifakazelwa ngokomlando zabanjwa ngo-642 enkantolo ye-Empress Kōgyoku ngenhloso yokubungaza impi yaseKorea. Emakhulwini eminyaka alandela, ukuthandwa kwesumo ngaphakathi kwenkantolo kwandise ukubaluleka kwayo emkhosini nakwezenkolo. Imicimbi ejwayelekile enkantolo ye-Emperor, i-sumai no sechie, nokusungulwa kwesethi yokuqala yemithetho ye-sumo iwela enkathini yamasiko yenkathi ka-Heian.
# I-Hanshin Tigers

I-Hanshin Tigers yiqembu le-baseball laseJapan.

## ukubuka konke

ukufanisa indawo
I-Hanshin Tigers iyiqembu le-baseball elidume kakhulu e-Japan futhi linabalandeli abaningi abanohlonze.

## kuqondiswe ngu

Akifu Okada
Umuntu okuthiwa uShofu Okada ungumphathi futhi udume kakhulu kunabadlali.Izitatimende zangemuva komdlalo ziyisipesheli saleli qembu.
# Izifenqo zaseGibhithe

**Izifenqo zaseGibhithe** noma **izigwedoezingcwele**, kwakuyindlela yokubhala esemthethweni eyayisetshenziswa eGibhithe Lasendulo, eyayisetshenziselwa ukubhala ulimi lwaseGibhithe. Izifenqo zihlanganisa ulobophawu *(logographic)*, *syllabic*, nezici zosonhlamvukazi, kanye nezimpawu eziyi-1000 ezingafani. Izifenqo eziqhazeni zazisetshenziselwa izincwadi zenkolo emaphepheni nasokhunini. Iziqakaqo zaseGibhithe ezimbili zakamuva, umkleklongcwele *(hieratic)* nomkleklophansi *(demotic)*, zazisuselwa kulo uhlobo lokubala ngezifenqo, kanjalo ngesiqakaqo sokuqala saseSinayi esathubeka kamuva saba osonhlambukazi baseFenike. Kosonhlamvukazi baseFenike kwavela izinhlelo ezimbili (isiGriki nesiAramayi), isiqakaqo sezifenqo zaseGibhithe eziwukhokho weziqakaqo eziningi zanamuhla ezisetshenziswayo, ezaziwayo zifaka phakathi isiLathini nesiqakaqo sesi-Cyrillic (esavela ngesiGriki) kanye nesiqakaqo sase-Arabiya nezinye.
# IsiTsheki

**isiTsheki
 *Český jazyk|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |

 |
|  |
| **Izwe** | ITsheki, ISerbiya |
| **Isifunda** | IYurophu lasePhakathi |
| **Izikhulumi** | 12,000,000 |
| **Umndeni wolimi** | isiYurophu saseNdiya
* isiSlaviki saseBaltiki
	+ isiSlaviki
		- isiSlaviki saseNtshonalanga
			* isiSlovaki saseTsheki
				+ isiTsheki
 |

**IsiTsheki** (*Čeština*) singulimi lwaseTsheki.
# Shanghai

Shanghai
**Shanghai** amadolobha iShayina elikhulu. IShanghai ingomunye womasipala abane abaphethwe ngqo bePeople's Republic of China. Ingaphansi kokuphathwa okuqondile koMkhandlu Wombuso waseChina. Idolobha lisogwini oluseningizimu yeYangtze, noMfula iHuangpu ugeleza ngalo. Ngabantu abayizigidi ezingama-24.28 kusukela ngo-2019, iyindawo enabantu abaningi kakhulu emadolobheni aseChina futhi idolobha lesibili elinabantu abaningi emhlabeni. IShanghai iyisikhungo somhlaba wonke sezezimali, ucwaningo, ezobuchwepheshe, ezokukhiqiza nezokuthutha, kanti iPort of Shanghai iyichweba lamabhasi elixakeke kakhulu emhlabeni.

IShanghai ichazwe njenge "mbukiso" womnotho odlondlobele waseChina. Iqukethe izitayela eziningi zokwakha ezifana ne-Art Deco ne-shikumen, idolobha laziwa kakhulu nge-Lujiazui skyline, iminyuziyamu kanye nezakhiwo zomlando-kufaka phakathi i-City God Temple, i-Yu Garden, i-China Pavilion kanye nezakhiwo ezise-Bund. IShanghai yaziwa futhi ngokudla kwayo okunoshukela, ulimi oluhlukile kanye nobukhazikhazi bamazwe omhlaba obunamandla. Njalo ngonyaka, idolobha liba nemicimbi eminingi yezwe neyamazwe omhlaba, kufaka phakathi iShanghai Fashion Week, iChinese Grand Prix, neChinaJoy. Ngo-2018, iShanghai isingathe umbukiso wokuqala we-China International Import Expo (CIIE), okuwumbukiso wokuqala wezwe lonke wokungenisa.
# Umtapowolwazi

Igumbi lokufundela lesimanje emtapolwazi womBuso neNyuvesi, e-Denmark
**Umtapowolwazi** noma **umtapolwaz**i uyisibhidli sezincwadi eziqoqiwe, kanye neminye imibhalo nezinzisakuxhumana, konke okufikeleleka kalula ukuba kusetshenziswe amalungu awo namalungu wezinye izikhungo ezimdibi munye wawo. Imitapoyolwazi ivame ukuba nezincwadi eziphathekayo noma ukufikelela kulezo okungezezibhangqiwe, futhi ungaba isakhiwo esisesizeni esithile , noma esikhenkeni sakuxhakaxholo noma kokubili. Isibhidli somtapowolwazi imvama sihlanganisa izinsiza ezishicilelwe okulula ukuba zibolekwe abazifunayo, kanye nomhibatho wamaphatho wezishicilelwa okungavunyelwe ukuba ziphume emtapolwazi nezibukelwa emagcekeni wawo kuphela. Kungenzeka kube neminye imithombo ephathekayo ngezinye izinikino, ezifana namafilimi wezentengiselwano, izinhlelo zikamobonakude, eminye imibukiso eqoshiwe, ezomsakazo, umculo neziqoshwa zezilalwelwa zesinikino se-DVD, Blu-ray, amacwecwe we-CD nekhasetho, singakabali ufikelelo lokwaziswa, umculo noma ezinye iziqikili ezigcinwe kwezizindamniningo zomchazamibhalo.

Imitapolwazi iyahluka ngobungako futhi ingahlelwa ibuye igcinwe indikimba yomphakathi efana nohulumeni, isikhungo (esifana nesikole noma ingodlandlu), umshumanqa, noma umdwambu ongasese. Ngaphezu kokuhlinzeka ngemibhalo, imitapolwazi iphinde ihlinzeke ngezinkonzo zosomtapolwazi abangongcweti abacijisiwe ekutholeni, ekukhetheni, ekujikiliziseni nasekuhleleni ukwaziswa kuyilapho behlakahla izidingo zokwaziswa nasekushulubezeni nasekuhlaziyeni amanani amakhulu okwaziswa anezinsizakusebenza ezinhlobonhlobo.

Izakhiwo zomtapowolwazi zivame ukuba nezindawo ezithile zokufundela, kanye nezindawo ezivamile zokufunda kweqembu nokusebenzisana, futhi zingaba nezinsiza zomphakathi zokufikelela kwizinsizakusebenza zezingabuzuba, ezifana neziCikizi nofikelelo kuxhakaxholo.

## UMsukagama

Elithi umtapolwazi liyinhlanganisela yamagama amabili, umtapo + ulwazi, ukuze lichaze indawo ewumthombo wolwazi, lapho ulwazi luyinala khona, lutatshwa khona ngabalufunayo. Ngokwesichazamazwi sikaVilakazi elithi umtapo lisho indawo noma isakhiwo siwumthombo wento ethile ngobuningi. Leligama livela esenzweni ukutapa esisho ukugqoba, ukumoncula okuthile njengalapho abavukuzi bemoncula izimbiwa emigoding, basuke betapa, indawo abatapa kuye, ingumtapo wezimbiwa.

## Umlando

Umlando wemitapolwazi waqala endulo lapho ulwazi lwalugcinwa futhi luhlelenjwe phakathi kwemibhalo. Imitapolwazi yokuqala yayihlanganisa nokuqogelela izindlela zokuloba zokuqala — njengezibhebhe okwakulotshwa kuzo ngokugweda endaweni yaseSumeri eminyakeni eyizi-2600 BC edlule.

Umtapolwazi ka-Ashurbanipal eMesopotamiya
# Ukucobelela ngenzululwazi

Umboniso oveza umkhakha kanye nabanengxenye ekucobeleleni ngenzululwazi ngokusho kukaCarsten Könneker
**Ukucobelela ngenzululwazi** kuhlanganisa izinhlobo zobuqhebeqhebe ezixhumanisa inzululwazi kanye noluntu. Imigomo evamile yokucobelela ngenzululwazi ihlanganisa ukwazisa labo abangebona ongoti ngeziphumo zocwaningo lenzululwazi, ukukhulisa ukuqwasha komphakathi kanye nentshisekelo ngenzululwazi, ukuthonya izimo zengqondo nokuziphatha kwabantu, ukwazisa inqubomgomo yomphakathi, nokuxhumana nemiphakathi eyahlukene ukuze kuxoxwe nezinkinga zoluntu. Igama elithi "ukucobelela ngenzululwazi" libhekisela ezimweni lapho izethameli zingezona izingcweti zesihloko senzululwazi okuxoxwa ngaso (ukufinyelela abangaphandle), nakuba abanye ababhali bethi ukucobelelana okwenzeka phakathi kwezingcweti ("ukufinyelela ngaphakathi" okwenziwa ngezishicilelwa eziyimihela yenzululwazi ) nakho kuluhlobo lokucobelelana ngenzululwazi. Izibonelo zokufinyelela abangaphandle komkhakha emphakathini zihlanganisa ubuntatheli benzululwazi kanye nokuxhumana kwezempilo. Njengoba Inzululwazi inomthelela ongokombusazwe, isimilo nezomthetho, ukucobelelana ngenzululwazi kungalekelela ukuvala igebe eliphakathi kwababambiqhaza abahlukene abasebenza ngequbomgomo yomphakathi, nakwezezimboni, nasezinhlanganweni zomphakathi, ngokwakha ukwethembena okuzoba umgogodla walenqubo.

**Abacobeleli ngenzululwazi** bayiqembu elibanzi labantu: ongoti benzululwazi, izintatheli zenzululwazi, amaciko wenzululwazi, izingcwepheshi zezempilo, abafundisi ngemvelo, abeluleki benzululwazi kwabenza ingqubomgomo, kanye nabo bonke abacobelela abanye emphakathini ngenzululwazi. Bavame ukusebenzisa ubunyoninco bokunandisa nokuthonya, obuhlanganisa amahlaya, ukulandisa indaba, nezifenqo ukuze baxhumane nalokho okuthandwa futhi kuhlonishwe izethameli zabo.

Ukucobelela ngenzululwazi kubuye kube umkhakha ovubuqeqesho womchazabuntu kuzihlokondaba ezifana nesidukiso, uvo lomphakathi ngezobuchwepheshe ezintsha, kanye nokugxambukela kwezombusazwe kwezenzululwazi. Sekuphele amashumi eminyaka, ucwaningo lokucobelela ngenzululwazi lungenalo ithonya elikhulu emkhakheni wokucobelela ngenzululwazi,

Ngokomlando, osonzululwazi bakwaNgqondonkulu bebengavunyelwe ukuchitha isikhathi sabo beqwashisa umphakathi, kodwa lokho sekuguqukile. Abaxhasi bocwaningo sebalindele ukuba abacwaningi babe nethonya elikhulu ngale kokushicilela kumhela wakwaNgqondonkulu. Inani elikhulayo losonzululwazi, ikakhulu abasebasha, bayakuthakasela ukuxhumana nomphakathi ngezinkundla zokuxhumana nangemicimbi enezihambeli, nakuba bethi kusanemigoqo yezikhungo ebavimbayo.

Ukucobelelana ngenzululwazi kuhlobene kakhulu nemikhakha elandelayo: imfundo yenzululwazi engahleliwe, Inzululwazi yezakhamizi, nokudingida komphakathi ngenzululwazi, futhi ayikho indlela ecacile yokuhlukanisa lemikhakha. Njengezinye izici zoluntu, ukucobelela ngenzululwazi kuthonywa ukungalingani okusezweni okunomthelela kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle.

## Imithombo
# UbuQoneli

Umfanekiso we-1665 womkhando we- Dutch East India Company e- Hugli-Chuchura, obonisa izici ezihlukahlukene zobuqoneli, ezihlanganisa noqhiwu labo nomthelela wabo kulabo abaqoneliwe kanye nezindawo zabo.
**UbuQoneli** buwukulawula enye indawo, izinsizakusebenza zemvelo kanye nabantu bakuleyo ndawo yiqembu elivela ngaphandle lezifiki. AbaQoneli balawula amandla ezombusazwe kanye nezizwe zendawo engaphansi kobuqoneli. Nakuba ngokuvamile kuwumklamo wobubhozomeli, ubuqoneli bungase futhi buthathe isimo sobuqoneli bezifiki, lapho izifiki ezivela esidlaveleni esisodwa noma eziningi zidla umhlaba futhi zakha endaweni ngenhloso yokususa ingxenye noma bonke abantu abakhona.

Ubuqoneli buthuthukiswe njengesicabango esichaza imibuso yabaqoneli yaseYurophu yenkathi yesimanje, eyasabalala emhlabeni wonke kusukela ekhulwini le-15 kuya phakathi nekhulu lama-20, eyadla amaphesenti angama-35 ezwe lomhlaba ngonyaka we-1800 futhi yafinyelela umvuthwandaba wamaphesenti angama-84 ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe I. UbuQoneli baseYurophu basebenzisa ubumercantile nezinkampani ukumisa ubuqoneli, ezagcina abaqoneliwe bengaphandle kwenhlalo-mnotho futhi bengaphansi zisebenzisa ezombusazwembaxa wesimanje wezocansi, ubulili, uhlanga, ukukhubazeka kanye nesigaba, phakathi kokunye, okuholela odlameni olunqamula imigwaqo nokucwasa . Ubuqoneli buye bahlanguzwe ngezinkolelo zokuba nomsebenzi ophuculayo wokulima umhlaba nokuphila, okusekelwe ezinkolelweni zokufaneleka nokuphakama, ngokomlando ngokuvamile ezisekelwe enkolelweni yomsebenzi wobuKristu .
# INguqulo Yezimboni

**INguqulo yeziMboni** ichazwa ngokuthi ukushintshela ezinqubweni ezintsha zokukhiqiza e-Great Britain, ezwekazini laseYurophu, naseMelika, okwenzeka phakathi nenkathi eqala cishe ngowe-1760 kuya cishe kowe-1820 kuya kowe-1840. Lolu shintsho lwaluhlanganisa ukusuka ekukhiqizeni ngesandla kuya ekukhiqizeni ngezinguxa; izinqubo zokukhiqiza ngesiqa nokukhiqiza ngensimbi; ukusetshenziswa kwamandla wamanzi namandla womusi okukhulayo; ukuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi enguxa; nokuqonga kwezinhlelo zomkhando ezifakwe izinguxa. Iziphumo zakhula kakhulu, futhi umphumela kwaba ukuqonga okungalindelwe lwamanani wabantu nokwezinga lokukhula kwenani labo.

Iningi locandululo lobuchwepheshe nolwezakhiwo lwalungolwamaNgisi. Maphakathi nekhulu le-18, elamaNgisi kwakuyizwe eladonsa phambili kwezentengiselwano, futhi lalilawula umbuso wembulunga kwezohwebo nezindawo eliziqonele eMelika eseNyakatho naseziqhingini zaseCarribean, futhi lalichachaza kwezempi nakwezombangazwe. Intuthuko kwezohwebo nokuvuka kwemihwebo kwakuyisisusa esikhulu seNguqulo yezimboni. Iziphumo kwezomthetho ezifana nokushaywa komthetho ovuna amalungelo empahla. zalekelela inqugulo. Umoya wokuhweba nenguqulo kubashwabadeli kwasiza ekwenzeni leli zwe ukuphehla izimboni.

## Izinkomba
# Imfundo yamabangaphansi

Abafundi bemfundo yamabangaphansi eChile
**Imfundo yamabangaphansi** iyisigaba sokuqala semfundo ehlelekile, efika ngemva kwesikole esiyinkulisa nangaphambi kwemfundo yamabangaphezulu . Imfundo yamabangaphansi yenzeka *ezikoleni zamabangaphansi*, *ezikoleni zokucathulisa*, kuye ngendawo. Ngakho-ke, e-United Kingdom nakwamanye amazwe, igama elithi *amabangaphansi* lisetshenziswa esikhundleni *selithi ukucathulisa* .

INhlangano ebizwa International Standard Classification of Education ibheka imfundo yamabangaphansi njengesigaba esisodwa lapho izinhlelo zivame ukuklanywa khona ukuhlinzeka ngamakhono ayisisekelo okufunda, ukubhala, kanye nezibalo futhi kusungulwe isisekelo esiqinile sokufunda. Leli yizinga lokuqala le-ISCED : Imfundo yamabangaphansi noma isigaba sokuqala semfundo eyisisekelo.

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# Imfundo eNingizimu Afrika

**Imfundo INingizimu Afrika** ibuswa iminyango emibili kazwelonke, okungu UMnyango Wezemfundo eyisisekelo (DBE), ngaphansi kwezikole zamabanga aphansi namabanga aphakeme, kanye noMnyango Wezemfundo Ephakeme Nokuqeqeshwa (DHET), Ophethe Imfundo ephakeme Ukuqeqeshwa kwezobuchwepheshe. Ngaphambi kuka-2009, zombili lezi zindawo zazimelelwe eMnyangweni owodwa Wezemfundo. Phakathi kwamazwe ase-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara, iNingizimu Afrika inezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokufunda nokubhala. Ngokusho kwamaqiniso omhlaba i- Central Intelligence Agency kusukela ngo-2019, u-95% wabantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kweyi shumi nanhlanu nangaphezulu bangakwazi ukufunda nokubhala eNingizimu Afrika ngokulandelana.

IZIKOLE ZOMPHAKATHI NEZIZIMELE

Umnyango we-DBE usebenzisana Izikole zomphakathi, Izikole ezizimele (ezibizwa nangomnyango njengezikole ezizimele), izikhungo zokuthuthukiswa kwezingane (ECD), kanye nezikole ezidingekayo ezikhethekile. Izikole zomphakathi nezikole ezizimele zaziwa njengezikole ezivamile, ezingaba ngu-97% wezikole eNingizimu Afrika. Ngokungafani namazwe amaningi, izikole eziningi zomphakathi zibiza imali yokufunda (okubizwa ngokuthi ama-pay). Izikole ezingakhokhelwa zethulwa ngesisekelo esilinganiselwe ngo-20

## IZINKOMBA
# Amazwe omhlaba

Uhlu olulandelayo luqukethe amazwe omhlaba noma imibuso enozibuse emhlabeni jikelele kanye nokwaziswa ngobundima bawo kanye nokuqashelwa kozibuse bawo.

Imibuso engama-205 ebalwe lapha ingahlukaniswa ngokweminxa emithathu gokusekelwe ebulungwini obungaphakathi kohlelo lweZizwe Ezihlangene: imibuso engama-193 engamalunga Ezizwe Ezihlangene, imibuso emibili engewona amalunga, kanye neminye imibuso elishumi.

## Imithombo
# IBelarusi

**IBelarusiРеспублика БеларусьРэспубліка Беларусь**|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |

 |
|  |
| **Isiqongo** | IMinski |
| **Idolobha elikhulu** | IMinski |
| **Ulimi** | IsiRashiya, IsiBelarusi |
| **Ubungako bendawo** | 207.595 km2 |

**IBelarusi** (IsiBelarusi: *Беларусь*, IsiRashiya: *Беларусь*) izwe eYurophu. Isiqongo saseBelarusi iMinski *(Мінск)*.

## Isithombe

|  |
| --- |
| **IYurophu** |
| **IYurophu laseMpumalanga** | IBelarusi • IBulgariya • ITsheki • IHungariya • IMoldova • IPolandi • IRomaniya • IRashiya • ISlovaki • I-Yukreyini | **IYurophu laseNyakatho** | IDenimaki • I-Estoniya • IFinlandi • IGernseyi • I-Ayisilandi • I-Ayilendi • ILatviya • ILithuwaniya • INoki • ISwidi • Umbuso Ohlangeneyo |
| **IYurophu laseNingizimu** | I-Albaniya • I-Andora • IBhosniya neHerzegovina • IKrowati • IGreki • ITaliya • IMakedoniya • IMalta • IMontenegro • IPhothugali • USanti Marino • ISerbiya • ISloveniya • ISpeyini • Indolobha yaseVathikhani | **IYurophu laseNtshonalanga** | I-Ostriya • IBheljiya • IFulansi • IJalimani • ILitenisteni • ILakisembagi • IMonako • Netherlands • ISwisi |
| **I-Eshiya laseNtshonalanga** | I-Armeniya • I-Azerbajani • IKhupro • IJorjia • ITheki | **I-Eshiya laPhakathi** | IKazakhistani |
# uNgqongqoshe

**UNgqongqoshe** ungusombusazwe ohola umnyango, oweenza futhi agununde izinqumo ngezinqubomgomo ngokubambisana nabanye ongqongqoshe. Kwezinye izindawo inhloko kahulumeni nayo ingungqongqoshe futhi ibizwa ngokuthi ' undunankulu ', ' ushansela ' noma esinye isiqu.

Ezindaweni we-Commonwealth asebenzisa uhlelo lukahulumeni lwaseWestminster —njenge- United Kingdom ne -Australia —ongqongqoshe ngokuvamile kudingeka babe ngamalungu endlu eyodwa yePhalamende noma yesishayamthetho —noma baqokwe kwenye yazo uma kungenjalo —futhi ngokuvamile bavela eqenjini lezombusazwe elilawula iningi endlini ephansi yesishayamthetho. Labo ngqongqoshe bayaqhubeka nokumela abantu abangamalungu abo ephalamende ngenkathi beyingxenye kahulumeni.

Kwezinye izindawo ezinohlelo oluhlukanisa amandla oluqatha —abaqokelwe esikhundleni sesigungu esiphezulu noma oyisikhulu sikahulumeni akavunyelwe ukuba abe yilunga lesishayamthetho futhi kumele agudluke kuso. Ngokuvamile ongqongqoshe bayizinhloko zeminyango futhi bayingxenye yesigungu esiphezulu kuhulumeni. Abanye ongqongqoshe baba namasekela abo noma amaphini abalekelelayo.
# INtshungwa (isithelo)

Izintshungwa - ingxenye ephelele, eyisiqamu nehlutshiwe
izintshungwa emva kokuhlutshwa izikhumba
ukuqhakaza kwentshungwa nezintshungwa emthini
izintshungwa nolumpe lwentshungwa
Igama elithi **inTshungwa** (noma iwolintsji) libhekisela esithelweni esidliwayo, liqanjwe ngombala waso okungumbala ontshungwa. Izintshungwa ziwumthombo omuhle wevithamini C. Ulumpe lwentshungwa luyingxenye ebalulekile yesidlo sansasa kubantu abaningi. "InTshungwa emtoti" okuluhlobo oludliwa kakhulu namuhla, lwaqala ukukhula emazweni asempuma naseningizimu Eshiya, kodwa kuyimanje lukhula ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba.
# Isonto

Isonto
**Isonto** indawo lapho amakholwa eyakhona uma edumisa uNkulunkulu. Abaningi baya esontweni ngezinkalo eziningi, besuke beziyisa kuJesu Krestu ngomthandazo. Isonto ezikhathini eziningi lisentshenziswa ngokudumisa uNkulunkulu. Siya esontweni ukuyobonga ngezinto esinazo kanti futhi nokucela kuNkulunkulu izinto esinganazo empilweni. Simdumise ngomculo ukuze simbonge ngazo zonke zinto akasenzele zona emhlabeni.
# OpenSolaris

OpenSolaris 2009.06
**OpenSolaris** - umsebenzi uhlelo ikhompyutha.

## Distributions

* BeleniX
* Nexenta OS
* SchilliX
* MilaX
* marTux
* AuroraUX
* StormOS
# Izinhlelo zokusebenza

Izinhlelo zokusebenza yizinhlelo ezingase zisetshenziswe kwezobuchwepheshe ezifana namakhompyutha, amathebulethi  noma omakhalekhukhwini. NgesiNgisi zibizwa ngokuthi *"applications"* noma *"apps"*. Lezi zinhlelo Lezi zinhlelo zenza imisebenzi ethile kulawa madivaysi.