# IMelika

| United States of AmericaiMelika |
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| **Isaga:**"Sithemba kuNkulunkulu" "*In God We Trust*" (isiNgisi) "Ebuningini, munye" "*E pluribus unum*" (isiLatini) |
| **Inkondlo:**Isibhengezo Esifafazwe Ngezinkanyezi *Star Spangled Banner* (isiNgisi)  |
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| (futhi idolobha elikhulu) | New York |
| Izilimi | IsiNgisi |
| Abantu | Ummelika, Amamelika
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| Government | Umbusobala webumbanozifundazwe wentandoyeningi yokhetho nomengameli okhethwa ngabantu nqo ongaphansi komthethosisekelo |
|  -  | Umengameli | Donald Trump |
|  -  | Isekela likaMengameli | J.D. Vance |
|  -  | Umehluleli Omkhulu | John Roberts |
| Ukwenza |
|  -  | Isimemezo sobuzimela | 4 kaNhlangulana 1776  |
|  -  | Umfelandawonye | 1 kaNdasa 1781  |
|  -  | Umthethosisekelo | 4 kaNdasa 1789  |
| Ubukhulu |
|  -  | Jikelele | 9,833,520 km2  3,796,743 sq mi  |
|  -  | Amanzi (%) | 7% |
| Inani labantu |
|  -  | 2025 ukulinganisa | 341,784,857 (lwesithathu) |
|  -  | Ixuku labantu | 97.4/km2 (lwesi-180) 252.3/sq mi |
| Imali | iDola laseMelika (USD/$)  |

iMelika (ngokomthetho: Izifundazwe Ezibumbene zaseMelika; ngesiNgisi: *United States of America*, ngokumfushane: *America*) liyisizwe onyakathweni lwelizwekazini elithatha igama layo kuyona: iNyakatho Melika. Izungezwe iKhanada ngasenyakatho (umgcele omude ukundlula imigcele yonke emhlabeni engavikelwanga), iLwandle lase-Atlantiki ngasempumalanga, iLwandle lase-Mekisiko (isingeniso seLwandle lase-Karibi kusukela 2024, uDonald Trump uguqule leligama kuLwandle lase-Melika) ngaseningizimu mpumalanga, iMekisiko ngaseningizimu neLwandle lase-Pasifiki ngasentshonalanga. Isifundazwe sase-Alaska (esindlula izifundazwe zonke zeMelika ngobungakho bendawo) lisenyakatho ntshonalanga leNyakatho Melika. Sizungezwe iKhanada ngasempumalanga, iLwandle lase-Pasifiki ngaseningizimu, iLwandle lase-Arctic ngasenyakatho, neRashiya entshonalanga ngaphesheya komcingo wase-Beringi. Isifundazwe sase-Hawaii siselwandleni Pasifiki kanye nezinye iziqhingi ezingaphansi kwaseMelika iGuam, iSamowa yase-Melika, Iziqhingi zaseNyakatho Mariana. eLwandleni lase-Karibi, kuneziqhingi ezingaphansi kweMelika: i-Puerto Rico nama-American Virgin Islands.

Kusukela umandulo, kwakuhlala abantu bomdabu abavela e-Eshiya. Abantu bomdabu bebazingela izinyamazane, bafuya izilwane, futhi bahlala emizini enezinkulungwane zabantu. Ngezi-1600, kufike uChristopher Columbus nabaphelezeli bakhe, ethunywa iNdlovukazi yaseKhastili, u-Isabela Wokuqala neNkosi yaseLiyoni, uFedinandi Wokuqala. Emuva kwalokho kwafika ama-Puritan ngomkhumbi we-Mayflower, inhlobo yabaKristu abakholwe ukuthi iNgilandi yayiphambukile ebuKristini ngokubandakanya ubuRoma eminqubeni nasemasikweni ayo. iNkampani yaseBhulithane yeNyakatho Melika isungule amakoloni eMelika esikhathini sikaNdlovukazi waseNgilandi, uElizabeth II (ewaziwa ngesithakazo sikaElizabeth iTshitshi).

Ngokudlela abomdabu umhlaba, amaNgisi asungule amakoloni amashumi nantathu ogwini lwasempumalanga. Futhi, uMbuso waseFulansi usungule ikoloni lasempakathi lase-Louisiana. Amakoloni amathathu avukele iNgilandi ngezi-1780 eMpini Yobuzimela yaseMelika. iMelika yayixhaswe iFulansi kulempi. iMelika yandise ubungakho bendawo ngokuthenga i-Louisiana ngoba inkosi yamaFulentshi yayibhekane nezinkinga eziningi ekhaya. Ngenxa yenkolelo ye-Manifest Destiny, iMelika inqobe izindawo zasentshonalanga. iMelika yalwa noMbuso Wokuqala waseMekisiko ukuhlephula ikoloni laseKhalifoniya ngasegwini lelwandle i-Pasifiki. iMelika futhi yavumela Umbusobala waseTexas ukuthu ingene eMelika. iMelika inqobe Umbuso waseHawayi owawungaphansi kweNdlovukazi uLiliʻuokalani.

iMelika iphinde yanqoba iziqhingi emilwandleni yaseKaribi nase-Eshiya, njenge-Filipinzi ne-Puerto Rico. Futhi iMelika ihlasele isiqhingi saseKhiyubha elwandleni lwaseKaribi. AbaseFilipinzi balwele ubuzimela kwabo. iNingi lesikhathi lempi yokuqala yomhlabawonke, iMelika yayingathathi ihlangothi ngaphandle kwasekugcineni lapho ixhasa Abamfelandawonye.

## Ezombusazwe

Ikhasi lokuqala lomthethosisekelo yaseMelika
iMelika ibuswa ngohlelokubusa okuhamba ngombusobala webumbanozifundazwe wentandoyeningi ongaphansi komthethosisekelo. Uhlelokulawula wase-Melika uyisibonelo esithonye umumo wezinhlelo zokulawula zezinye izizwe emhlabeni. Uhlelo lwezombusazwe waseMelika wakhiwe esisekelweni sentandoyeningi yase-Bhulithani kepha ifulathela ubukhosi balesosizwe. Umthethosisekelo olungene emthethweni ngo-21 kaNdasa 1789. Nakuba umthethosisekelo uguqulwe kayi-27, umumo kahulumeni kazwelonke usafana nasikhathi usungulwa ngayo:

* Isishayamthetho: i-Congress enezindluzimbili: i-Senate (indlu yangaphezulu emele izifundazwe ngokulingana) nesiGunga yabaMelisizwe (indlu yangaphansi emelwe abantu besisizwe sonke)
* Sokuphatha: Umengameli okhethwe iNhlangano Yokhetho (i-Electoral College) oqoka abonqgongqoshe abangamalunga weKhabinethi
* Sobulungiswa: iNkantolo ePhakeme nezinkantolo ezihlukene zikazwelonke.

Amandla okubusa ahletshulelwane ngaphakathi kwezifundazwe nohulumeni kazwelonke. Izifundazwe zinamandla okuziphathi kuyonke imikhakha engagcinelwangwa uhulumeni kazwelonke. Nakuba, izifundazwe zinemithethosisekelo zabo, Umthethosisekelo uphezu kwayo yonke. Futhi, umthethosisekelo uyalela ukuthi imihulumeni uezifundazwe kufanele ihambe ngohlelo wombusobala wentandoyeningi yokhetho. Uhlaka wezigatsha zintathu eziqaphelanayo, lumqoka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla ahletshulwe ngendlela ezoqinisekisa ukuthi kubuswa ngentandoyeningi. Isikhathi eside somlando weMelika yesimanje, abansundu abathunjwe e-Afrika abayizigqili, babenganawo ubuzakhamuzi. Emuva kweMpi Yezakhamuzi YaseMelika (eqalwe ngenxa yokuphikisana ngaphakathi kwezihlongithi zezifundazwe zaseNyakatho nohulumeni kazwelonke nehlangothi lezifundazwe zaseningizimu mayelana amalungelo ezifundazwe kakhulu okuziqumela mayelana ubugqili), abansundu banikezwe ubuzakhamuzi. Ngephoxeko, bekunobandlululo kubansundu. Lomnqubongongomo wemithetho ka-Jim Crow nesikhathi sokwakhakabusha (i-Reconstruction) uholele ekungalinganini ngaphakhathi kwezihlanga zabamhlophe nabansundu. Ngezi-1960, abansundu banikezwe amalungelo alinganayo nabamhlophe kepha kusanobungalingani obungekho nqo emthethweni kodwa obusalele ngenxa yemikhulu yeminyaka yokucindezelwa nokuvalelwa ngaphandle komnotho kwabansundu.

Isithombe esisemthethweni sikaMengameli uDonald Trump kusukela 2025
Umengameli uyinhloko yesizwe, inhloko yegatsha yokuphatha nomkhuzi-jikelele wamabutho ahlomileyo. Umengameli ukhethwa ngasemuva kweminyaka emine. Kuvumelike ngokomthetho ukuthi akhethwe ukuhlala esikhundleni kabili kuphela. Makundlula iminyaka emine, izakhamuzi ezikhulileyo zikhetha amalunga eNhlangano Yokhetho ukuthi akhethe umengameli. Izifundazwe zihletshulelwane izihlalo kulomhlangano ngobukhulu benani labahlali. Kepha loluhlelo lubunjwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izifundazwe ezinganabantu abaningi ukuthi zithole izihlalo nazo. Lokho kuzinikeza ithonya elindlula ubukhulu benani labantu bazo. Nakuba amalunga alomhlangano avumelelike ukukhetha namuni, isiko siphoqela ukuthi akhethe ikhandidethi yeqembu elikhethwe iningi lenani labahlali besifundazwe abasimeleyo.

Umengameli ungena esikhundleni ngo-20 kaMasingane wenyaka engasemuva kokuphela kwesikhundla sikamengameli ophumayo. Umengameli unegunya lokuqoka abongqongqoshe ngemvumo ye-Senate. Umengameli unamandla okulawula nokukhuza igatsha lokuphatha ngoba amandla okuphoqelela umthetho asezandleni zakhe. Lomsebenzi wenza ngokusayina imiyalelo yokuphatha (executive orders). Kepha, lamandla akhawulwa umthetho oshayiwe i-Congress nezinqumo zegatsha lobulungiswa. Nakuba kunemikhawulo, uma uMengameli aneningi lamalunga ezindlini zimbili ze-Congress weqembu lezombangazwe efana nelakhe, unethonya lokungenisa imithetho ehambelana nezinhloso zomkhankaso wakhe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uMengameli ugodle amandla andayo, isibonelo: ukuthuma amajoni ezizweni zangaphandle nakuba i-Congress ingaka memezi impi kulesosizwe.

Isakhiwo Capitol, isihlalo sesishayamthetho saseMelika
i-Congress iyisishayamthetho saseMelika. Indlu yangaphezulu, i-Senate inamalunga ayi-100. Izifundazwe zonke zinekwa amalunga amabili kuphela. Lamalunga amela iqembu lezombangazwe ethile. Futhi akhethwa izakhamuzi. Kuthethwa ihafu yamalunga e-Senate emuva kweminyaka eyintathu. Amalunga e-Senate ahlala iminyaka emibili esikhundleni kepha kuvumelekile ukuthi akhethwe kaningi; akunamkhawulo isibalo sezikhathi amalunga e-Senate angakhethwa ngayo. i-Senate inemandla okunquma imivumelwano nezinye izizwe ukuthi zibe inxenye yomthetho jikelele waseMelika. I-Senate inamandla okugweba Umengameli icala ukumkhipha esikhundlweni. Nakuba imigqubo nophenyo yayiqalwa, aboMengameli abandlule kulomcimbi baphunyuke ngokwehla esikhundleni (uRichard Nixon) noma ukungabikho kweningi lamalunga ukuthi axhase ukuxoshwa kaMengameli (isibonelo: uDonald Trump).

iGunga yabaMelibezwe (i-House of Representatives), ikhethwa izakhamuzi. Amaqembu ezombangazwe anikezwa izihlalo ezilingana nezifunda zokhetho lapho athola iningi lamavoti khona. Imithetho wentelo nezimali kufanelwe ingeniswr futhi ivunyelwe iGunga yabaMelibezwe. Iningi yemithetho kufanelwe ivunyelwe lezizindlu zimbili. Ngokungafani nezinye izizwe, iMelika inamaqembu ezombangazwe ezimbili kuphela: i-Democratic Party ne-Republican Party. Futhi, lamaqembu madala: ama-Democrats asungulwe ngo-1828 futhi ama-Republican asungulwe ngo-1854. Kusukela 2024 osesikhundleni sobumengameli nguDonald Trump we-Republican Party.

### Ezokuvikela

Isithwalandiza Gerald R. Ford, umkhumbi wezempi ondlula yonke imikhumbi yempi emhlabeni wonke
Amabutho Ahlomileyo aseMelika (*United States Armed Forces*) andlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni ngamandla. Inezindleko eziyizigidintathu ezi-1.15$ ezindlula izizwe ezingamashumi amabili ezilandelayo zihlangene. iMelika inezikhali zenuzi eziyi-1,744. iMelika yisizwe esisodwa emlandweni womhlaba wonke oqhumise izikhali zenuzi esizweni esinye ngesikhathi sempi ngo-1945 emadolobheni wase-Nagasaki nase-Hiroshima e-Japan. iMelika inekhono lokuciba izikhali zenuzi ngezindlela ezintathu: obhakabhakeni, olwandleni nasemhlabeni. iMelika inemikhumbi yempi eyi-292. Futhi inemikhumbi izithwalandiza zenuzi ezi-11 nemikhumbi yangaphansi kwamanzi ehamba ngenuzi eyi-68, isibalo esindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni.

iMelika ikhanda izikhali ezindlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. Futhi izinga lobucwepheshe ekukhandweni kwezikhali kuholela ekutheni iMelika ikhanda izinhlobo zezikhali nempahla yempi esebenze emkhathini, ebhakabhakeni, emhlabeni naselwandleni. iMelika ithekelisa izikhali eziletha inzuzo eyizigidigidi eziyi-13.512$ (indlula izizwe zonke kangangokuthi iqoqa 43% yenzuzo yazonke izikhali ezikhandwa emhlabeni wonke).

i-Pentagon, isakhiwo sohlelo lwenxanhlanu, isihlalo soMnyango wezeMpi
Umkhuzi jikelele waseMelika nguMengameli. i-Joint Chiefs of Staff, ingumkhandlu wabakhuzi abaphakeme bamagatsha wamabutho ahlomileyo. Lomkhandlu uboniselana nohulumeni futhi obhekane nezindaba zezinsuku zamabutho. Umnyango weMpi (owawuwaziwa Umyango wezokuVikela) uqhasha abasebenzi namajoni onke. Ngokuqhasha abantu abandlula izingidi eziyintathu, Umnyango wezokuVikela ungumqhashi omkhulu ukundlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. iMelika inezinkambi zamabutho ezi-800 ezizweni eziyi-80. Futhi iMelika inezikambu zamabuthi zangaphesheya ezindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni zinhlangene ngobuningi.

### Ezobundlelwanenezizwe

Isihlalo senhlangano yeZizwe Ezihlangene, eDolobheni laseNew York
iMelika inobudlelwane nezizwe eziyi-190. iZitha zokuqala zeMelika ziyizizwe zase-Iran, iNyakatho Khoriya, iSiriya, iRashiya, iKhiyubha, ne-Shayina. iMelika iyilunga-lisungula lezinhlangano zezizwe ezahlukene, kakhulu: IZizwe Ezihlangene, Inhlangano Yomvumelwano yaseNyakatho Atlantiki, i-G7, Inhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlabawonke, iBhange Yomhlaba, Isikhwama Sezizwezonke, Inhlangano Yokusebenzisana Ngokomnotho neNtuthuko, Inhlangano Yezizwezonke Yesidlakalasi Sochwe. iMelika iyilunga ehlala unomphela yoMkhandlu wezokuPhephisa. iMelika inethonya ethambile neqinile endlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni. Isebenzisa amasiko nobuciko ukuheha izizwe nomnotho namabutho ukuphoqelela intando yayo.

iMelika iqinisekisa ukuhamba ngokukhululekile emanzini olwandle avulekele izizwezonke. Ngokuba iMelika yayihlasele izizwe eziningi emlandweni wayo (isib. iVietnam, iLaos, iKhambodiya, i-Iraq, iLibhiya, i-Afghanistani, iPhanama) futhi imenule imibuso eminingi kakhulu eShiya naseNingizimu Melika (isib. i-Iran, iKhiyubha, iGwatemala, iTshile, iBrazili), futhi ihlome isivinjelo esizweni sase-Khiyubha nokuthi ivalele izizwe ezingi ngaphandle kwemikhakha eminingi ohwebeni nasomnothweni emhlaba (*sanctions*), iMelika igxekwa ezinye izizwe nezakhamuzi zayo. Futhi, ngokuba iMelika izisalelisile ngaphandle kweNkantolo Yezizwezonke Yobugebenu, amacala eminingi wezakhamuzi nabaholi bayo ababandakanyeke ebuxhaphazweni kamalungelo abantu abashushiwa futhi abajeziswa ngendlela izizwe ezimpofu kakhulu zase-Afrika ziphathwa ngayo. Emuva kokuphela kweMpi Yesibili Yomhlabawonke, iMelika iphakamise ukuzimela kwezizwe, ukuhweba nezinye izizwe nokwanda kwentandoyeningi, nohlelo lobudlelwane ezizwe olusekelwe ngumthetho. Kepha ngenxa yezigameko ezifana nokuxhasa ababusi abacindezela izakhamuzi zayo, leziziphakamiso ziyosolwa kwezinye izigaba. Nakuba kunjalo, esikhathini kokudilika kweBumbano yamaSoviyethi izizwe eziningi zithuthukile okomnotho futhi kwande intandoyeningi.

## Ezomnotho

Umumodolobha wase iManhattan, inxenye ledolobha lase-New York, idolobha elindlula wonke amadolobha ngomkhiqizo
iMelika inomnotho osezingeni eliphezulu lentuthuko. iMelika inomkhiqizo ohlangene wonyaka oyizigidintathu ezi-29.18$. Ngobusobala umkhiqizo okomnotho waseMelika undlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. Kepha, makuqhathaniswa amandla okuthenga ngaphakathi kwezizwe, iMelika indlulwa iShayina. iMelika inokuhletshulelwana komkhiqizo ngamuntu wezi-$ 89,860. Ngaphandle kwezizwe ezincane, iMelika indlula izizwe zonke ngokuhletshulelwana komkhiqizo ngamuntu. iMali yaseMelika, iDola (USD) isetshenziswa ohwebeni nomthengiselwano ukundlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni (80% yemithengiselwano ngaphankathi kwezizwe ihamba ngamaDola).

Uhlelo lezomnotho laseMelika kuhamba ngokuhweba okukhululekile olunemikhawulo emincane. Futhi, kukholelwa ukuthi abantu kufanele bazimele emikhakheni eminingi yempilo. Ngakho ke, eMelika kuvunyelwa ukuthi abaqhashi baxoshe abasebenzi kalula, izifundazwe eziningi aziphoqeleli imivikelo yamalungelo wabasebenzi ngendlela eqhathaniseka nabalingani be-Melika ngokuthuthuka kakhulu e-Yurophu. Nakuba mayilinganiswa nezintanga zayo, iMelika ayibizeli intelo eningi. Lokho kusho ukuthi iMelika ayineza imivikelo yomphakathi efana nezintanga zayo eziningi. Lokho kusho ukuthi nakuba kukhona izinhlelo ezifana ne-Medicare ne-Social Security, abantu kufanele bathembele ekongeni kwemali nokuzitshaleli umholo wabo emapenshinini (isib. i-401K). Iningi labasebenzi baseMelika abekho emibumbanweni yabasebenzi. Izifundazwe eziningi aziphoqi ukuthi abasebenzi banikezwe izinsuku zekhefu (isib. ikhefu nxakubeletha) ngaphandle kampelasonto namaholide. Nakuba ubugqili bungasavumelekile, iziboshwa zingaphoqelelwa ukusebenza njengesijeziso sokugwetshelwa icala.

iMelika inemikhakha yomnotho eminingi. iMelika inothile ngomhlaba kakhulu ngoba ikhiqiza amafutha andlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. Futhi iMelika ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wegolide, usokhele, insimbi, izenke nomophobo. iMelika inobuningi bomhlaba ovundile ondlula izizwe zonke, ngakho ikhiqiza izitshalelwa ezindlula izizwe zonke mazihlangene, kakhulu amaqobolondo wesoya (amabhontshisi wesoya), izihlamvu zamafutha, izintelo, umbila, ukolweni, imifino, ubisi nemikhiqizo yawo, nenyama.

iMelika inomkhakha wamasevisi ondlula izizwe zonke. Inamankampani wobucwepeshe amakhulu kakhulu abizwa Isikhombisa Esiyisimangaliso: Meta (Facebook), Alphabet (Google, YouTube), Amazon, Nvidia, Microsoft, Apple, ne-Tesla. iMelika inomkhakha wezokuphathamali ondlula izizwe zonke. Amabhange amakhulu yilawa: JP Morgan Chase, Goldman-Sachs, Bank of America, Citigroup kanye neWells Fargo. Futhi, iMelika inezinkampani ezimbili ezilekela ukuthengiselwana ngobusimanje manje kakhulu amakhasi: Visa ne-Mastercard. iMelika inomkhakha ezobungcebeleka ondlula izizwe zonke. Kakhulu umkhakha wamafilimu eMelika, ominyenwe eHollywood, inxenye yedolobha iLos Angeles, indlula izizwe zonke zomhlaba ngomholo. Futhi iphethe izinkampani ezinkulu kulomkhakha: Disney, Netflix, Comcast, kanye ne-Paramount (kakhulu ngokuthenga i-Warner Bros. Discovery). iMelika ikhande abosomgidigidi abandlula izizwe zonke: 989 futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ibumbe usomgidintathu wokuqala emlwandweni womhlaba wonke: u-Elon Musk.

iMelika ifeze lokuthuthuka nokubuso omnothweni ngenxa yezinsiza ezimbalwa: ukunotha komhlaba, izikhungo eziqinile, inani yabantu efunde ezingeni eliphezulu, ukunqoba izifo eziningi ezibhubhisa abasha, uhwebo okhululekile, nokuqamba izinguxa ezintsha sha ezimqoka esimanjemanjeni, namandla empi okuphoqelela izinhloso zayo. iMelika iqambe kokuqala lezizinguxa nezinhlelo zobucwepesha: uxhakaxholo, isicikizi, isikhanyiso sombani, indiza, izubela lesiphemba, futhi isikhali senuzi. iMelika inesimo sezingqalasizinda esithuthuke kakhulu: uhleloxhumano lwemigwaqo okushesha olundlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni, izitheku zempahla kakhulu zase-New York nase-Los Angeles, inani lezikhululo zezindiza ezindlula izizwe zonke isib., i-Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, i-Dallas Fort Worth International Airport, ne-O'Hare International Airport. iMelika inezinkampani zezindiza ezinethonya kakhulu isib. Delta, American, Southwest ne-United.

Umbani waseMelika uqhamuka emithombini embalwa: izivuthisi zentshicwa (isib. amalahle namafutha, amamoya emvelo 82%), amandla avuselelekayo (isib. ilanga, umoya, amanzi 10%), amandla enuzi (8%).

## Ezezibalozabantu

iMelika inenani labantu elindlula izigidi eziyi-386, elesithathu emhlabeni ngasemuva kwe iNdiya kanye iShayina. Ngenxa yobukhulu bobungakho bendawo ayinabo ubuminywana kwabantu obuningi. Kepha, lokhu kufihla ukuthi iningi labalihlali lihlala emadolobheni: 83% yabantu. Amadolobha amakhulu: i-New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, Houston, Dallas, Philadelphia, Washington DC, Atlanta nase-Boston. Izifundazwe ezinenani labahlali ziyi: California, Texas, New York, Florida, Pennsylvania, kanye ne-Illinois.

| Amadolobha amakhulu aseMelika |
| --- |
| # | Igama | Indawo | Inani |
| 1 | New York | Nyakatho-Mpumalanga | 20,112,448 |
| 2 | Los Angeles | Ntshonalanga | 12,844,441 |
| 3 | Chicago | Mpakathi-Ntshonalanga | 9,434,123 |
| 4 | Dallas-Fort Worth | Ningizimu | 8,477,157 |
| 5 | Houston | Ningizimu | 7,904,627 |
| 6 | Atlanta | Ningizimu | 6,482,182 |
| 7 | Washington D.C. | Ningizimu | 6,465,724 |
| 8 | Miami | Ningizimu | 6,391,072 |
| 9 | Philadelphia | Nyakatho-Mpumalanga | 6,329,118 |
| 10 | Phoenix | Ntshonalanga | 5,228,938 |

Nakuba isiNgisi siwulimi likazwelonke, iMelika ayinawo ulimi okomthetho njengezinye izizwe. Nakuba kunjalo isiNgisi sikhulunywa njengelimi elincelwa ebeleni futhi ekuyilimi lodwa elikhulunywa ngabantu aba-78%. Nakuba 22% lenani labantu likhuluma eminye olimi, wonke umuntu ohlala eMelika usazi nakancane isiNgisi. Ulimi olwesibili ngenani labantu abakukhulumayo isiSpaniya olukhulunywa kakhulu eNingizimu. Ngenxa yokwamkela abafuduki abaningi, kunezilimi eziku-400 ezikhulunywa eMelika. Ngenxa yokuthunjwa, abansundu abokhokho babo abebayizigqili balahlekelwe izilimi zabo zomdabo zase-Afrika. Nakuba kunjalo, abansundu baseMelika baqambe inhlobo yesiNgisi esihlukile kwezinhlobo ezijwayelekile. Futhi, kunabakhuluma izinhlobo zesiSpaniya nesiFulentshi ezithintwe izilimi zase-Afrika. Abantu bomdabu baseMelika banciphe ngenani kangangokuthi bambalwa abasele ngenxa yokuhlalselwa, ukucindezelwa, ukubulawa nokuthelelewa amagcinwane nezifo zaseYurophu ngabamhlophe. Kungakho nakuba imvelaphi yabo iseMelika, bambalwa ababomdabu abasele. Kukhona abagcinile amasiko nezilimi zabo kakhulu isiNavajo. Futhi, kunemikhankaso okulondoloza nokudlondlobalisa izilimi zomdabu.

iMelika yakhiwe esisekelweni sobandlululo okwehlanga. Ngenxa yalokhu kunokuhlukaniswa ngokwehlanga okuqinile. Lokho luholela ekutheni kubezinhlanga ezimbalwa: abamhlophe (abaqhamuka eYurophu kakhulu eBhulithani naseJalimani; 60%), abansundu (kakhulu abaqhamuka eNtshonalanga Afrika; 12%), amaSpaniya noma amaLathini (18%), nabase-Eshiya (5%). Izigidi ezi-48 zabantu zibuya ezizweni zangaphandle (14% yabantu).

Ipilamidi yabantu ekhombisa inani yezigaba zabantu ngobudala nagobulili
Ngenxa yemfundo, ukuzimela okwemali, umncintisano ezemfundo nomsebenzi, izinsiza zokuvimba ukumitha, nokhululeka ekuzinqumeleni kwabesifazane, ukuzalwa kwabantu kuyancipha: kusukela u-2026 ngakujwayelekile owesifazane uzala abantwana abayi-1.62 (11 yamasana azalwayo kwenkulungwaneni yabantu). Lokhu kuthusa osozibalozabantu abaxwayisa ukuthi abasha baseMelika bazothwala kanzima ukunakekela abadala nokukhokha intelo enele ukuxhasa abadala. iMelika inconywana ukundlula ezinye ezizwe ezithuthukile ngoba unobukhono okuheha abafuduki. Kepha ucwaningo ukhombisa ukuthi umkhuba okuzala kwabafuduki ugcina ufana nezakhamuzi ezizelwe. iMelika ivuma ukuthi nayiphi ingane ezalwe eMelika ithola ubuzakhamuzi (ngaphandle kwaleyo ezalwe inxusa yesisinye esizwe). Kubikezelwa ukuthi lesimo sizobanga ukuncipha kwenani labantu kuqala ngo-2056.

Inhlokosonto kaZwelonke laseWashington lebandla lama-Anglican lobuKristuisiKhungo sobuCwepheshe saseMassachusetts, eBoston, esiyinyuvesi ehamba phambili ezokungcikisha/ezobunjinyela emhlabeni wonkei-Texas Medical Centre, isibhedlele esindlula izibhedlela zezizwe zonke ngobukhulu nangocwaningo ezempilo
Isiguquko sokuqala somthethosisekelo silondoloza ilungelo labantu ukuzikholela into ebayifunayo nokungavinjwa ekwenzeni kwamasiko neminqubi yaleyonkolo. UbuKristu bukholelwa abantu aba-64%. Lokhu kwenza iMelika inani labaKristu elokuqala emhlabeni ngobuningi. Kulandela 24% yabantu abangazibandakanyi ezinkolweni, be kusala ezinye izinkolo: UbuJuda, ubuHindu, UbuSulemani kanye nobuBhuda.

iMelika ihamba phambile ezimfundweni eziphakeme emhlabeni wonke. Nakuba inezinkinga ngokufunda kwabantwana kakhulu mayiqhatanyiswa nezintanga zayo, iMelika ikhiqize abosonzululwazi, nabosocwepheshe abaqambe izinguxa ezintsha sha futhi. Futhi, izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme zihloniphekile kakhulu i-Harvard, i-Massachussetts Institute of Technology (MIT), i-Yale, i-California Technical Institute (Caltech), i-Stanford, i-Princeton, iNyuvesi yaseCalifornia eBerkeley nase-Los Angeles. Imfundo ephakeme eMelika ibiza kakhulu ngokwemali. Lokho kuholela ukuthi abafundi baboleke izimali eziningi. iMelika ithwala isiboleko sezemfundo esindlula izizwe zonke emhlabeni.

iMelika inobucwaningo ezempilo obundlula izizwe zonke. iMelika ikhiqiza izinhlobo zezinsiza zokulapha ezihamba phambili. Abosonzululwazi baseMelika baqambe umuthi wesimanje wokulalisa umuntu makazohlinzwa, inalidi embhaxambili yokushabalalisa i-smallpox, iguxa yokulawula ukushesha kokushaya kwenhliziyo. Izindleko zaseMelika ezempilo zindlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni kepha imiphumela yezempilo ingaphansi kwezintanga zayo nezinye izimpofu. Lokhu kubangiswa ukuthi umkhakha wezempilo kakhulu izibhedlela nezikhungo zokulatshwa iningi lazo ziphethwe umkhakha wangasese. Lokho kubanga ukuthi ezempilo zibize kakhulu. Futhi, iMelika ayinawo uhlelo lokukokhekhela wonke umuntu izidingo zokulatshwa. iMedicare iyisikhwama sikazwelonke esikhokhela okuthile. Kepha izikhwama zangasese zifuneka ukugcwalisa lokhu okushodayo.

## Ezesiko

### Ezokudla

Inhlobo yeshisanyamai-*Soul food* ukudla kwabansundu obuhlanganisa ubu-Afrika nombumdabo baseMelika
iMelika inezinhlobo eziningi zokudla. Ngaphambu kokufika kwabamhlophe, abomdabu bebadla imifino nezithelo ezikhiqizwe kumhlaba ngokwemvelo njengama-*chestnut*, umxozongo (artichoke), *acorn*, *pawpaw*,ilayisi yangasendle. Futhi bebazingela izinyamazane ezifana nezinyathi zaseMelika (i-*bison*) ne-*elk* noma i-*carabou*. Futhi, bebafuya izilwane zokudla kakhulu igalkuni (i-*turkey*). iMelika inezinhlobo zamajikijolo omdabu ayo: *blueberries, cranberries, blackberries, serviceberries* nama-*elderberries*. Lamajikijolo adlilwa enjalo noma ayaphekwa. Amacabunga wemithi yama-*pine* wayebiliswa ngamanzi ukuthi aphezelwe ukulaphisa noma ukuvikela izifo.

Ngokufikwa kwabadlibezwe (abokhokho babamhlophe) kwalethwa izinhlobo zemifino yezizwe zangaphandle: ulabha (*turnip*), umkleshe (*spinach*),intshongwe (*carrot*). Ngenxa yokuthunjwa nokulethwa eMelika ngemphoqo, abansundu balethe imifino yase Afrika: igombo (*okra*), igode (*yam*), umqoqo wamahlo amnyama (*black eyed peas*) nokunye. Futhi, ukudla okwakujwayelekile eMekisiko naselizwekazini laseNingizimu Melika njengamazambane, intshelane/itamati, nama-*avocado* azile nawo. Imfuyo efana nezinkomo, izingulube izimbuzi, izimvu nayo ize ngenxa yabadlibezwe.

Ngokuhlangana kwabantu kaqanjwa izinhlobo zokudla ezihlanganyelene neMelika: isinkwa sombila (i-*cornbread*), amakhekhe (*biscuits*), umdoko (*grits*), inyama yegalkuni. Abafudukele eMelika balethe ukudlwa kwakibo njenge-*pizza* (evela eTaliya), amabhega (*hamburgers* evela eJalimani), ama-*hotdog* (evela eJalimani), ama-doughnut (evela eJalimani). Ubuningi bezinhlobo zezilwane zaselwandle kuholele ekutheni imfanzi (*prawn*/*shrimp*), isikhuphashe (*lobster*), izimbata (*abalone*), ukhwathu (*oyster*). BaseMelika bathanda inyama ewosiwe kakhulu ephekwe ngentuthu (*barbecue*) futhi kudliwa inyama ewomisiwe (*jerky*).

Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamafutha amaningi, ushukela obuningi, nokuphakelwa ngobukhulu, iMelika inenkinga yokukhulupha obuyingozi. Futhi, iMelika inobukhuluphala obundlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. Lokho kuvela ekutheni iMelika ikhiqiza ukudla okuningi, ukudla kutholakala kalula, kunamakhemikhali afakwa ekudleni ukuthi ungaboli, ukuguqula isifuzisi sokudla ukuze kunone, kwande futhi kuvikeleke ezifeni kanye nokufaka imfuyo imithi ekuthi inone ingaguli lokho kungena ekudleni. Ubungalingani, kakhulu ubandlululo kubansundu okuhohela ukuthi kubenzima ukuthola imifino noma ukudla okuphelele kuzala ukukhuluphala kulowomphakhathi kanye nezizathu ezazishiwo.