# 火枪

记载于《火龍经》上的火枪形象，14世纪末（约1360-1375）
**火枪**是一种中国古代的火器，最早出现于公元10-12世纪。火枪是所有现代火药类武器的鼻祖，曾在宋金战争期间发挥了巨大作用。它最初是一种附在长柄武器（即“枪”）上的小型烟火式装置，用于在近战开始时获得冲击优势。随着火药的改进，爆炸物的排放量增加，碎片或弹丸等也被添加，使其具有现代火焰喷射器以及霰弹枪组合的一些效果，但射程非常短（约3米或10英尺），而且只有一发子弹（一些设计可击发两次）。至13世纪末期，火枪的枪管已转变为金属材料，以更好地承受爆炸冲击波，并且枪头的尖刺设计被放弃，转而成为仅依靠火药击发完成攻击的纯火器。这些武器日后演变为了最早的手铳。

## 名称

根据使用王朝的不同以及構造等若干差异方面，除火枪之外有着“飛火槍”、“梨花槍”等不同的名称。

## 设计

最早出现的火枪由一根通常是竹子的管子组成，里面装有火药和一根慢火柴，绑在长矛或其他长柄武器上。 一旦点燃，火药管就会向矛头方向喷射出一股火焰。 后来将铁丸或陶器碎片等射弹添加到火药中。 发射时，火药装药将弹丸与火焰一起喷射出来。

金属火枪管出现在13世纪中叶左右，并且不再捆绑于枪上，开始独立于长枪本身而使用。独立出来的金属炮管被称为“eruptor”，成为手铳的前身。

在欧洲，以木管制造的火枪版本曾被使用。

## 图集

* 茅元儀所著的《武備志》上记载之火枪，1621年
* “冲阵火葫芦”，在火药爆炸中释放铅丸的多类火枪之一，来自《火龙经》的插图。
* 记载于《火龙经》上的“神行破阵猛火刀牌”，约1360-1375，装载有火枪的移动盾牌，用于破坏敌人的阵型
* 挥舞着火枪的骑士，约1396
* Illustrations of fire lances from *De la pirotechnia* by Vannoccio Biringuccio 约1540.

* 早期现代作战
* 宋朝科技
* 焦玉
* 火龍神器陣法
* 迅雷铳

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