# 延平王[编辑]

| 南明（1655年－1662年） 明鄭（1662年－1683年） 延平王 |
| --- |
| 首任延平王鄭成功 |
| 尊称 | 殿下 |
| 官邸 | 安平王城 |
| 任命者 | 南明永历帝（僅第一代鄭成功） |
| 设立 | 1655年（南明永曆九年受敕封） |
| 首任 | 鄭成功 |
| 末任 | 鄭克塽 |
| 废止 | 1683年（南明永曆三十七年） |

**延平王**（白話字：Iân-pêng-ông）為南明永历帝於1655年敕封鄭成功的郡王爵位，得名于延平府。鄭成功在1662年攻占台灣不久後猝逝於承天府安平鎮。其子鄭經在沒有大明皇帝冊封的情况下，接受了部分明鄭家臣的擁戴，自行以王世子的身分於思明州繼位；隨後又率軍征討並擊敗在台灣，自称「東都主」的叔父鄭襲。鄭經在鞏固王位之後，仍持續使用昭宗的永曆年號。1683年，末代延平王鄭克塽舉藩降清，除去延平王爵，改封「漢軍公」。

## 地位

明朝的諸侯王爵制度，福王、秦王等一字王號者為親王；二字王號者则為郡王。在明代，親王子除世子外均封郡王、世襲罔替。郡王的封號一般為兩個字，以古郡縣名為多見，如渭南王（秦王系）、項城王（周王系）等。明朝也會封功臣為郡王，多為追諡；其中南明時期有直接授予的，如延平王。

## 经历

### 南明時期（1655年－1662年）

西元1654年（南明永曆八年八月），明昭宗敕封鄭成功為延平王，鄭成功謙辭不受。九年四月（1655年）昭宗再次下詔並齎延平王冊印至廈門，鄭成功乃不再推辭受封為延平王。

### 台灣明鄭時期（1662年－1683年）

西元1662年（明永曆十五年），流亡緬甸的永曆帝遭吴三桂縊死，南明勢力走向瓦解。在此之後，歷代延平王在法理上依舊奉大明為正朔（年號襲用「永曆」）。1664年，第二代延平王鄭經從廈門撤退承天；撤退後，鄭經專心鞏固王權並強化對大員地區的控制，先後與荷蘭東印度公司以及大肚王國發生武裝衝突。1681年，鄭經因痔瘡（台灣外記）或另有人稱狩獵摔傷不治，傳位予身兼監國的世子鄭克臧；然而，繼位不及三日，鄭克臧即遭鄭氏宗親與外戚馮錫範聯手謀殺，改立鄭克塽承嗣延平王之位。鄭克塽繼位後追謚祖父鄭成功為「潮武王」、父亲鄭經謚為「潮文王」。兩年後，清朝將領施琅於澎湖海戰中大敗劉國軒，鄭克塽詔告降清，結束了三代延平王於大員地區的統治。

## 後世影響

台灣民間主要紀念與祭祀的「延平郡王」通常指的僅是鄭成功一人。鄭氏向清朝投降之後，延平王的稱號隨之消滅。在台灣清治時期之初，民間不敢以「延平郡王」之名義奉祀鄭成功，直到清欽差大臣沈葆楨在牡丹社事件時以「欽差辦理台灣等處海防兼理各國事務大臣」身分前來台灣，上書請建延平郡王祠，鄭成功才名正言順得以此稱號紀念。及至台灣日治時期，因鄭成功有日本人血統，亦頗重視鄭成功，並未將祠廢除，僅將其改為「開山神社」，或許因民眾仍習稱其為「開山王」所致。直至二戰結束，國民政府接管台灣之後，再將開山神社改回「延平郡王祠」，並將原有福州式封火山牆廟宇，改建為北方宮殿式。臺南市中西區郡王里因位於「延平郡王祠」所在地，故命此名。

## 延平王家族世系

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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭芝龍 |  | 鄭芝虎 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭鴻逵 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭芝豹 |  |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | **鄭成功** |  | 田川七左衛門 |  | 鄭渡 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭恩 |  | 鄭蔭 |  | 鄭襲 |  | 鄭默 |  | 鄭寧 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭師尚 |  | 鄭師旦 |  | 鄭師奭 |  | 鄭師儀 |  | 鄭師恭 |  | 鄭師靖 |  | 鄭師彬 |  | 鄭師度 |  | 鄭師達 |  |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | **鄭經** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭聰 |  | 鄭明 |  | 鄭睿 |  | 鄭智 |  | 鄭寬 |  | 鄭裕 |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭溫 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭柔 |  | 鄭發 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭綱 |  | 鄭綬 |  | 鄭緯 |  | 鄭紱 |  | 鄭綖 |  | 鄭纘武 |  | 鄭纘維 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭纘綸 |  | 鄭纘續 |  | 鄭扈英 |  |
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|  |  |  |  | 鄭克𡒉 |  | **鄭克塽** |  | 鄭克壆 |  | 鄭克均 |  | 鄭克坺 |  | 鄭克𡍬 |  | 鄭克圻 |  | 鄭克塙 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭克坦 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭克墇 |  | 鄭克培 |  | 鄭克崇 |  | 鄭克庄 |  | 鄭秉謨 |  | 鄭克圭 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭秉誠 |  | 鄭秉訓 |  | 鄭克璽 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭文 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭寶 |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭與 |  | 鄭昆 |  | 鄭季 |  | 鄭仲 |  |
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| 鄭安福 |  | 鄭安祿 |  | 鄭安康 |  | 鄭安畿 |  | 鄭安甸 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭安德 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭衍 |  | 鄭懿 |  | 鄭琦 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭安禧 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭安慶 |  | 鄭安祥 |  | 鄭安國 |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭安榮 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭安華 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 遐齡 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 百齡 |  | 舜齡 |  | 永齡 |  | 長齡 |  | 慶齡 |  |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭世俊 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭咸吉 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭咸陞 |  | 鄭馥 |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭䭰 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭馤 |  | 鄭馦 |  | 鄭馪 |  | 鄭𩡓 |  | 鄭明 |  | 鄭瑞 |  | 鄭星 |  | 鄭晟 |  | 鄭嘉 |  | 鄭官 |  | 鄭品 |  | 鄭器 |  | 鄭圖 |  | 鄭典 |  | 鄭臨 |  | 鄭啟 |  |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭斌 |  | 鄭敏 |  | 鄭敞 |  | 鄭敬 |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭桂 |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭松 |  | 鄭柏 |  | 鄭楫 |  | 鄭邦勛 |  | 鄭邦瑞 |  | 鄭邦寧 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭文魁 |  | 鄭文必 |  | 鄭文英 |  | 鄭文芳 |  | 鄭文光 |  | 鄭文忠 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭文泉 |  | 鄭文武 |  | 鄭文聯 |  | 鄭文敏 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭文翰 |  |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭繼宗 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭承宗 |  | 鄭承恩 |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭承耀 |  | 鄭承堈 |  | 鄭承續 |  |  |  |  |  | 六布 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 慶祿 |  | 慶福 |  | 慶裕 |  | 慶祥 |  |  |  |  |  | 雙定 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 慶溥 |  | 慶茂 |  | 英溥 |  | 善溥 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 慶喜 |  |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 瑞山 |  | 圖山 |  |  |  |  |  | 德山 |  | 榮山 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 德印 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 德玉 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 松海 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 德壽 |  |  |  |  |  | 長恩 |  |  |  |  |  | 世恩 |  |  |  |  |  | 富恩 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 嵩泰 |  |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 玉房 |  | 玉海 |  | 玉琛 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 恩榮 |  | 恩福 |  | 恩祿 |  | 恩厚 |  | 恩保 |  | 恩聯 |  |  |  |  |  | 興盛 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 玉麟 |  | 玉成 |  | 玉山 |  | 玉福 |  | 玉海 |  | 玉陞 |  | 玉良 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 潤泉 |  |
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* 鄭成功祖廟
* 延平郡王祠
* 台南開元寺
* 彰化鄭成功廟
* 鐵砧山國姓廟
* 台北鄭成功廟
* 開元殿
* 鄭氏王朝宗室列表