# 新加坡战略[编辑]

| 新加坡战略 |
| --- |
| 反击号战斗巡洋舰带领着她的姐妹舰声望号战斗巡洋舰和其他皇家海军舰艇在1920年代的演习 |
| 时期 | 1919–1942 |
| 作战空间 | 海上 |

**新加坡戰略**是一份关于大英帝国的海军国防政策，这个政策涉及到了从1919年到1941年间的一系列的战争计划，計劃主旨是在遠東進駐一支英國皇家海軍艦隊，遏止日本南下侵略印度或澳大利亞；為此1919年起英國選定在马六甲海峡东端的新加坡建設艦隊基地，此後20年不斷強化該地戰鬥能量。

## 構想

英國想定中，認為和日本的戰爭會以三階段進行：一、守衛住新加坡要塞的英軍等待英國本土增援艦隊抵達；二、艦隊北上拯救或奪回香港；三、對日本本土進行海上封鎖，重創仰賴海上貿易的日本，迫和對手。反攻日本本土的想法則因不切實際而不在考慮內。但英軍沒估計到日本願意投注兵力主動挑戰英軍，並有擊敗英軍的實力。

鞏固新加坡成為英國在1920年代起的遠東國防根本，在1937年，就海軍上校斯蒂芬·罗斯基尔所言，驻新主力舰队的概念也许是通过反复验证，已犹如圣谕般地不容置疑。但是政治、经济和实行上的困难令这个战略难以成功执行。在20世纪30年代，英国和海外对这项战略批评不断，尤其是澳大利亚常以其為藉口來削減自己的国防開支。英國最終實行該戰略，在新加坡部署15吋口徑大砲，派遣了「Z舰队」駐進新加坡。

## 失敗

1941年12月10日，日本空袭新加坡，威爾斯親王號戰列艦和反擊號戰鬥巡洋艦北上攔截日本艦隊，卻在馬來亞海戰被日軍飛機用魚雷击沉，日軍同時在馬來半島長驅直進，防守的英軍毫無招架之力，吉隆坡及檳城相繼失守，英軍不斷後撤到馬來半島南端的柔佛，及後經長堤撤退至新加坡。1942年2月8日，日軍進攻新加坡，新加坡戰役爆發，日軍用不足一星期時間攻占半個新加坡，因為糧食及淡水開始短缺，負責新加坡防守的最高指揮官白思華決定停戰，於2月15日帶領超過八萬人的英軍向日軍投降，被温斯顿·丘吉尔稱其为「英國歷史上最嚴重的災難和最大規模的投降」，大部分投降英軍死於日軍勞役及疾病。

* 新加坡海军基地
* 橘色戰爭計畫

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