# 鄭克塽[编辑]

| 鄭克塽 |
| --- |
| 延平王 → 漢軍公 |
| **前任：**鄭克𡒉（监国） **繼任：**无 |
| 末代延平王鄭克塽的肖像 |
| 國家 | 明鄭（1670年－1683年） 清朝（1683年－1707年） |
| 時代 | 明末清初 |
| 主君 | 郑经（1670年－1681年） 郑克𡒉（1681年） 清圣祖（1683年－1707年） |
| 姓名 | 鄭克塽 |
| 字 | 實弘 |
| 號 | 晦堂 |
| 封爵 | 延平王 → 漢軍公 |
| 尊號 | 秦舍、新藩、世孙 |
| 族裔 | 汉族闽南民系 |
| 旗籍 | 漢軍正黃旗 |
| 氏族 | 鄭成功家族 |
| 籍貫 | 福建泉州府南安县石井（今福建省南安市石井镇） |
| 別名 | 朱克塽、鄭秦 |
| 出生 | 明郑永曆二十四年六月廿八 1670年8月13日 明鄭承天府安平镇（今台灣臺南市中西區） |
| 逝世 | 大清康熙四十六年八月廿七 1707年9月22日(1707-09-22)（37歲） 大清顺天府（今北京市） |
| 在位年代 | 1681年3月20日－1683年10月8日（2年202天） |
|

| 親屬 |
| --- |
| 父親 | 潮文王鄭經 |
| 嫡母 | 文妃唐氏 |
| 母親 | 黃和娘 |
| 元配 | 王妃冯氏 |
| 史氏、苏氏 |
| 側室 | 翟氏、朱氏 |
| 元配之父 | 冯锡范 |
| 兄弟 | 監國世子鄭克𡒉、恭謹侯鄭克壆、鄭克均、鄭克拔、鄭克商、鄭克圻、鄭克塙 |
| 庶子 | 郑安福、郑安禄、郑安康 |

 |

**鄭克塽**（臺羅：Tīnn Khik-sóng；1670年8月13日—1707年9月22日），因其祖父被隆武帝赐國姓朱，故又名**朱克塽**，幼名**秦**，人稱「**秦舍**」，字**實弘**，號**晦堂**，鄭經次子，鄭成功之孫，為明郑政权末代延平王。

1681年，馮錫範殺鄭克𡒉，擁立郑克塽为延平王。即位后追谥父祖为「潮王」。1683年（明郑永曆三十七年），率众降清，受封「**漢軍公**」。

在史料中，鄭克塽尚有許多稱呼。在英國商館的債務紀錄中，以「**新藩**」（英語：Sinpouan；白話字：Sin-phoan）與「**臺灣王**」（King of Tywan）稱呼鄭克塽。而日本史書《長崎夜話草》則稱之為「**東海王**」。

## 生平

### 政變奪權

鄭克塽是鄭經的次子。1670年8月13日（永历二十四年六月廿八），於東寧承天府出生，其母為鄭經的側室夫人黃和娘。鄭克𡒉為其同父異母的長兄。

鄭經西征清朝時，冊立长子鄭克𡒉為世子，授予監國職務、掌理國政；並將陳永華之女陳氏許配給郑克𡒉，而馮錫範之女馮氏則許配給次子郑克塽。

1680年，鄭經無功而返，陳永華遭馮錫範設計而卸下軍權，不久逝世。1681年3月17日（永历三十五年正月廿八），鄭經逝世於承天府行臺。身為外戚又兼任侍衛鎮的馮錫範遂聯合鄭哲順、劉國軒等宗室和將領，于19日（正月三十）向王太妃董友進「克𡒉非鄭氏骨肉，而是李氏之子」等讒言，共同策劃，杀死鄭克𡒉。二月初一（1681年3月20日），根据董太妃的命令，郑克塽继承**延平王**之位。

鄭克塽繼位後，先是晉升宗室和政變功臣的爵位，封叔父鄭聰为辅政公，中提督、武平伯劉國軒为武平侯，侍卫馮錫範为忠诚伯。隨後，又追谥祖父鄭成功为“潮武王”，父亲鄭經为“潮文王”，嫡母唐氏为“文妃”。同年六月，董太妃去世，谥“潮武王妃”。

### 败亡

明郑永曆三十七年、清康熙二十二年（1683年），清鄭雙方爆發澎湖海戰，清水師提督施琅，打敗明鄭劉國軒及董騰等人，取得澎湖安撫司；劉國軒隨後逃回東寧。

戰敗後，東寧朝廷開始商討接下去的對策，主要分為「再戰派」與「主和派」。再戰派以中書舍人鄭得瀟、建威鎮黃良驥、水師鎮蕭武、中提督中鎮洪拱柱等人為中心，向鄭克塽以及馮錫範力主征伐呂宋，以存续明郑政权。

然而，原本聽從再戰論的馮錫範，卻又改而聽信劉國軒的主和論，最終選擇投降清朝，而年幼無權的克塽亦從之。七月初五，馮錫範命鄭德瀟寫降表。七月十五，馮錫範將鄭克塽送交施琅。八月十三（1683年10月3日），施琅進入台灣受降。八月十八（1683年10月8日），郑克塽率文武官员集体剃发，正式降清。

隨後鄭克塽全家被送往京師，隸屬漢軍正黃旗，受封為「漢軍公」。康熙三十二年（1694年），以鄭克塽需要照顧從福建前來族人在北京的生活，先後賜給鄭家兩位佐領之職，由鄭克塽的三弟鄭克壆擔任初代佐領；之後克塽之子鄭安康、鄭安福、七弟鄭克塙與其子安德也都擔任過佐領。1699年，鄭克塽與鄭克壆奉命將鄭成功、鄭經骸骨送回福建泉州晉江安葬。

康熙四十六年八月廿七（1707年9月22日），年仅37岁的郑克塽薨於北京，爵位無襲；之後鄭氏在雍正年間被改編入正紅旗。

## 家族

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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭芝龍 |  | 鄭芝虎 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭鴻逵 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭芝豹 |  |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | **延平王** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | **鄭成功** |  | 田川七左衛門 |  | 鄭渡 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭恩 |  | 鄭蔭 |  | 鄭襲 |  | 鄭默 |  | 鄭寧 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭師尚 |  | 鄭師旦 |  | 鄭師奭 |  | 鄭師儀 |  | 鄭師恭 |  | 鄭師靖 |  | 鄭師彬 |  | 鄭師度 |  | 鄭師達 |  |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | **鄭經** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭聰 |  | 鄭明 |  | 鄭睿 |  | 鄭智 |  | 鄭寬 |  | 鄭裕 |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭溫 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭柔 |  | 鄭發 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭綱 |  | 鄭綬 |  | 鄭緯 |  | 鄭紱 |  | 鄭綖 |  | 鄭纘武 |  | 鄭纘維 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭纘綸 |  | 鄭纘續 |  | 鄭扈英 |  |
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|  |  |  |  | 鄭克𡒉 |  | **鄭克塽** |  | 鄭克壆 |  | 鄭克均 |  | 鄭克坺 |  | 鄭克𡍬 |  | 鄭克圻 |  | 鄭克塙 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭克坦 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭克墇 |  | 鄭克培 |  | 鄭克崇 |  | 鄭克庄 |  | 鄭秉謨 |  | 鄭克圭 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭秉誠 |  | 鄭秉訓 |  | 鄭克璽 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭文 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭寶 |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭與 |  | 鄭昆 |  | 鄭季 |  | 鄭仲 |  |
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| 鄭安福 |  | 鄭安祿 |  | 鄭安康 |  | 鄭安畿 |  | 鄭安甸 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭安德 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭衍 |  | 鄭懿 |  | 鄭琦 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭安禧 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭安慶 |  | 鄭安祥 |  | 鄭安國 |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭安榮 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭安華 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 遐齡 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 百齡 |  | 舜齡 |  | 永齡 |  | 長齡 |  | 慶齡 |  |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭世俊 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭咸吉 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭咸陞 |  | 鄭馥 |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭䭰 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭馤 |  | 鄭馦 |  | 鄭馪 |  | 鄭𩡓 |  | 鄭明 |  | 鄭瑞 |  | 鄭星 |  | 鄭晟 |  | 鄭嘉 |  | 鄭官 |  | 鄭品 |  | 鄭器 |  | 鄭圖 |  | 鄭典 |  | 鄭臨 |  | 鄭啟 |  |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭斌 |  | 鄭敏 |  | 鄭敞 |  | 鄭敬 |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭桂 |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭松 |  | 鄭柏 |  | 鄭楫 |  | 鄭邦勛 |  | 鄭邦瑞 |  | 鄭邦寧 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭文魁 |  | 鄭文必 |  | 鄭文英 |  | 鄭文芳 |  | 鄭文光 |  | 鄭文忠 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭文泉 |  | 鄭文武 |  | 鄭文聯 |  | 鄭文敏 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭文翰 |  |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭繼宗 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭承宗 |  | 鄭承恩 |  |  |  |  |  | 鄭承耀 |  | 鄭承堈 |  | 鄭承續 |  |  |  |  |  | 六布 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 慶祿 |  | 慶福 |  | 慶裕 |  | 慶祥 |  |  |  |  |  | 雙定 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 慶溥 |  | 慶茂 |  | 英溥 |  | 善溥 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 慶喜 |  |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 瑞山 |  | 圖山 |  |  |  |  |  | 德山 |  | 榮山 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 德印 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 德玉 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 松海 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 德壽 |  |  |  |  |  | 長恩 |  |  |  |  |  | 世恩 |  |  |  |  |  | 富恩 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 嵩泰 |  |
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## 家庭

鄭克塽元配是馮錫範的女兒，後又娶史氏、蘇氏，但是三位夫人都沒有兒子；跟側室翟氏生有長子鄭安福、次子鄭安祿，跟側室朱氏生下第三子鄭安康。三兄弟皆無親生子，鄭安福以堂姪咸吉為嗣。

* 嗣孫：鄭咸吉，鄭經七子克塙之孫、生父鄭安德，子桂、松、柏。
	+ 曾孫：鄭桂，乾隆五十六年（1791）到道光二年（1822）任第八任佐領；子承宗、承恩。
		- 玄孫：鄭承宗，第九任佐領。子瑞山、圖敏，無嗣。
			* 來孫：圖山，第十任佐領，承恩之子。
				+ 晜孫：玉房，一作玉芳，第十一任佐領。玉琛，第十二任佐領，曾祖鄭松、祖承耀、德山次子，過繼圖山為嗣。
					- 仍孫：鄭澤，第十三任（末任）佐領，玉琛長兄玉海次子，過繼玉琛為嗣。中華民國九年（1920年）12月14日，與生父玉海、長兄鄭沂等重修鄭氏宗譜。

## 影視形象

### 電視劇

|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **年份** | **地區** | **作品** | **演員** |
| 1984年 | 香港無線电视 | 《鹿鼎記》 | 戴志偉
 |
| 1998年 | 香港無線电视 | 《鹿鼎記》 | 郭耀明
 |
| 1998年 | 台灣新峰影業有限公司 八大電視股份有限公司 香港最佳拍檔有限公司 | 《鹿鼎記》 | 鄭國霖
 |
| 2006年 | 中國中央電視台 | 《施琅大將軍》 | 鮑洪星
 |
| 2008年 | 中國大陸華夏視聽 | 《鹿鼎記》 | 喬振宇
 |
| 2014年 | 中國大陸華策影視 | 《鹿鼎記》 | 林江國
 |
| 2020年 | 中國中央電視台 | 《鹿鼎記》 | 曾柯琅
 |

## 注釋

## 參考文獻

* 《清史稿》·卷二百二十四·列傳十一

]

|  |
| --- |
| **鄭克塽** |
| 前任： **鄭經** | **南明延平王** 1681年3月20日－1683年10月8日
 | **降清，爵位废除** |
| 前任： **鄭克𡒉** | **台湾统治者** 1681年3月20日－1683年10月8日
 | 繼任： **周昌（福建分巡台湾厦门道）** |