# 擁車證[编辑]

**擁車證**（英語：Certificate of Entitlement, COE），是新加坡政府透過車輛牌照配額許可證的發行，授予成功中標的持有人進行登記，擁有與使用新加坡道路，為期10年的合法權利。需求高時，COE的成本可能超過汽車本身的價值。

## 起源

起源於新加坡於1990年為了治理城市交通擁堵採取的一種措施。新加坡約有80萬輛汽車，其中約50萬輛為小汽車。

## 系統

在購買新的車輛之前，在新加坡，潛在的車主都必需要向陸路交通管理局（LTA）先申辦擁車證(Certificate of Entitlement)。

### 車輛配額系統 (VQS)

#### 公式

 WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_0
### 合法性

### 拍賣流程

### 2013年对于拥车证标准的重新定义

在2013年9月，拥车证系统重新定义了A类车辆的标准。这一变化发生后，A类车辆的引擎功率不得超过97千瓦。这大约相当于130马力。这是对A类汽车发动机容量不超过1600立方厘米的先前标准的补充。但是，尽管发动机容量低于1600立方厘米，但从2014年2月开始，发动机输出功率超过97kW的汽车将被归类为拥车证招标中的B类。审查拥车证类别的标准是因为陆路交通管理局希望区分和规范A类标准下的代步车和高档汽车的购买，以将拥车证价格控制在越来越接近100,000新加坡元的水平。

### 牌照分類

最初，牌照准證(COEs)分成八大類，但該系統現已被簡化為僅僅五個類別。A組、B組、與D組 是不可轉讓的。出租车在2012年以前被归为A类，但之后不再受到管制。

Prior to May 1999

| Category
 | Vehicle Class
 |
| --- | --- |
| Cat 1
 | Cars 1000cc & below
 |
| Cat 2
 | Cars 1001-1600cc & Taxis
 |
| Cat 3
 | Cars 1601-2000cc
 |
| Cat 4
 | Cars above 2000cc
 |
| Cat 5
 | Goods Vehicles & Buses
 |
| Cat 6
 | Motorcycles
 |
| Cat 7
 | "Open" (for any kind of vehicle)
 |

Current Categories

| Category
 | Vehicle Class
 |
| --- | --- |
| Cat A
 | Cars 1600cc & below, and the engine power should not exceed 97 kilowatts (kW)
 |
| Cat B
 | Cars 1600cc & above, or the engine power output exceeds 97kW
 |
| Cat C
 | Goods Vehicles & Buses
 |
| Cat D
 | Motorcycles
 |
| Cat E
 | "Open" (for any kind of vehicle)
 |

## 歷史紀錄

### 配額溢價

March 2009 2nd Open Bidding

| Category
 | Current Quota Premium
 | Previous Quota Premium
 | ▲/▼ | Difference
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| A (1600cc and below), taxi
 | S$5,116
 | S$4,890
 | ▲ | S$226
 |
| B (1601cc and above)
 | S$5,001
 | S$5,101
 | ▼ | S$100
 |
| C (Goods Vehicle and Bus)
 | S$5,600
 | S$5,300
 | ▲ | S$300
 |
| D (Motorcycles)
 | S$912
 | S$958
 | ▼ | S$46
 |
| E (Open)
 | S$5,982
 | S$5,700
 | ▲ | S$282
 |

April 2010 1st Open Bidding

| Category
 | Current Quota Premium
 | Previous Quota Premium
 | ▲/▼ | Difference
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| A (1600cc and below), taxi
 | S$34,001
 | S$28,389
 | ▲ | S$5,612
 |
| B (1601cc and above)
 | S$45,501
 | S$36,089
 | ▲ | S$9,412
 |
| E (Open)
 | S$49,000
 | S$42,001
 | ▲ | S$6,999
 |

December 2011 1st Open Bidding

| Category
 | Current Quota Premium
 | Previous Quota Premium
 | ▲/▼ | Difference
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| A (1600cc and below), taxi
 | S$50,001
 | S$52,357
 | ▼ | S$2,356
 |
| B (1601cc and above)
 | S$70,003
 | S$72,317
 | ▼ | S$2,314
 |
| E (Open)
 | S$71,000
 | S$74,345
 | ▼ | S$3,345
 |

2013 results: [1]

### 車輛的增長速度

| Period
 | %
 | Remark
 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| May 1990 to May 2009
 | 3.0
 | 3.0% + deregistrations as per last annum
 |
| Jun 2009 to Jun 2010
 | 1.5
 | Reduced to 1.5% + deregistrations as per last annum, partly due to low price COE
 |
| Jul 2010 to Jul 2012
 | 1.5% as per last annum + recent half-yearly deregistrations, rate are extended to July
 |
| Aug 2012 to Jan 2013
 | 1.0
 | Taxi are moved to Cat E
 |
| Feb 2013 to Jan 2014
 | 0.5
 | Reduced to 0.5% and expected to last till Jan 2015
 |
| Feb 2014 to Jan 2015
 | Change to recent quarterly deregistrations
 |
| Feb 2015 onwards
 | 0.25
 | Reduced to 0.25%
 |

从2010年4月起，对COE配额计算进行了修改。 在新方法下，陆路运输管理局（LTA）将最近六个月的实际车辆注销登记中的拥车证配额回收回系统中。数字将每六个月修订一次，而不是年度配额。 例如，截至一月，有80万辆汽车。 根据1.5％的允许增长率，将每六个月出售另外6000个拥车证指标。加上同期注销的车辆数量（例如20,000），这意味着7月至12月的拥车证配额为26,000。

2011年10月上旬，新加坡运输部长吕德耀（Lui Tuck Yew）表示，新加坡的年度汽车增长峰值将从2012年起进一步下降。 年度汽车人口增长率将从目前的1.5％降低到2012年的1.0％，然后在2013年和2014年降低到0.5％，然后在2015年降低到0.25％。

较低的车辆增长率将与未来道路的增长速度更加紧密地吻合。 然而，2012年5月，吕德耀（Lui Tuck Yew）话锋一转，并表示可能增加拥车证指标，配额削减汽车增长的计划将被推迟。

### COE範圍

| Previous Category
 | Highest
 | Lowest1 | Current Category
 | Highest
 | Lowest
 | Remarks
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| May 1990 – Apr 1999
 | SGD
 | Period
 | SGD
 | Period
 | From May 1999
 | SGD
 | Period
 | SGD
 | Period
 |
| Cat 1 (1000 cc & below)
 | 41,008
 | Jul 1997
 | 210
 | Feb 1991
 | Cat A3 | 92,100
 | Jan 2013
 | 2
 | Nov 2008a | a. Major historical plunge partly due to 2008 financial crisis and over-projections of vehicle de-registrations in 2008/09 b. Major historical plunge partly due to 1997 Asian financial crisis
 |
| Cat 2 (1001 – 1600 cc) & taxi
 | 62,208
 | Jul 1997
 | 909
 | Mar 1991
 |
| Cat 3 (1601 – 2000 cc)
 | 83,500
 | Dec 1994
 | 50
 | Jan 1998b | Cat B
 | 96,210
 | Jan 2013
 | 200
 | Jan 2009a |
| Cat 4 (2001 cc & above)
 | 110,500
 | Dec 1994
 | 800
 | Apr 1991
 |
| Cat 5 (Goods Vehicle & Bus)
 | 39,000
 | Dec 1994
 | 1
 | Apr 1991
 | Cat C
 | 63,035
 | Dec 2012
 | 1
 | Dec 2006– Mar 2007c | c. Partly due to strict emission standards from Oct 2006
 |
| Cat 6 (Motorcycle)
 | 3,506
 | Aug 1997
 | 1
 | Jan 1994, Feb 1994d | Cat D
 | 2,704
 | Jan 2014
 | 1
 | Nov 2002– Mar 2003d | d. Mainly due to higher quota and lower than minimum bidders
 |
| Cat 7 (Open)
 | 95,986
 | Dec 1994
 | 998
 | Mar 1991
 | Cat E
 | 97,889
 | Jan 2013
 | 3,200
 | Jan 2009
 | –
 |
| Cat 8 (Weekend Car)2 | 45,300
 | Sep 1994
 | 1,110
 | Oct 1991
 | OPC
 |  | COE rebate up to $17,000
 |
|
1. Excluded initial quote for first 3 months (May~Jul'90). Previous lowest record due to higher quota for year 1991
2. It was stopped on Sep 1994, the scheme was replaced by the Off-Peak Car rebate
3. Taxi are moved to Cat E from Aug 2012 |

### 車輛平均定價

買車的時候詳細的成本結構可以在這個網站上找到。[2] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

All prices are in Singapore dollars dated March 2012

* Compact : S$71,999 – S$89,500
* Mid-size : S$81,999 – S$149,000
* Full-size sedan : > S$150,000

## 在流行文化

## 參考

* Land Transport Authority （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
* Informatic web on motoring in Singapore （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
* COE Prices （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
* Interactive COE Prices TODAYOnline （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）