# 南亚语系

| 南亚语系 |
| --- |
| 澳斯特罗-亚细亚诸语言 |
| 地理分佈 | 南亚和东南亚 |
| 分支 |
孟高棉语族
蒙达语族
尼科巴语族

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| ISO 639-5 | `aav` |
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**南亚语系**（英語：Austroasiatic languages），也译作**澳斯特罗-亚细亚语系**（或**澳亚语系**），是世界主要语系之一。该语系主要分布于中南半岛、印度比哈尔邦和尼科巴群岛、孟加拉国以及中国云南等地，使用者约1.17亿，包括越南语、高棉语、孟语、佤语等一百多种语言。其中越南语使用者约有9300万、高棉语使用者约有1700万，这两门语言是众多南亚语系语言中仅有的具有国家唯一官方语言地位的南亚语系语言。

南亚语系历史悠久，其中越南语、高棉语和孟语很早即有成型的书面文字。传统上把南亚语系划分为孟高棉语族和蒙达语族（又译捫達語族）兩個语族，但近年来很多学者提出了其他的划分方案，例如有的學者新增了尼科巴語族和馬六甲語族；又有學者認爲它應該和苗瑤語合併爲一個語系。

## 划分

根據考古研究與基因研究，推測在新石器時代，南亞語系人群與南島語系人群，分別經由不同路線進入東南亞。黃色路線為根據假說，原始南亞語人群進入東南亞的路線。
传统上把南亚语系划分为孟高棉语族和蒙达语族。Diffloth（1974）又把孟-高棉语族划分为东支、北支、南支。

Diffloth（2005）提出了一种新的划分方法，把北支（卡西—克木）单独划为一个语族。具体划分如下：

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| 南亚语系
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|  蒙達語族
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雷莫語(bfw)

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索拉語(srb)

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|  | 卡里亞(khr)–朱昂語支(jun)

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科尔库语(kfq)

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Kherwarian

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| 卡西—克木语族 |

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克木语支

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莽语支

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崩龙语支

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卡西语支

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|  核心孟高棉语族
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越语支

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卡都语支

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巴拿语支

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高棉语和比尔语支

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尼科巴语支

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亚斯里语支

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孟语支

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Sidwell（2009）对南亚语系36种语言进行了词汇统计，认为传统划分证据不足，因此把十几个语支都和蒙达语族并列起来。

## 相關頁面

* 南方大語系

## 參考文獻

* Adams, K. L. (1989). *Systems of numeral classification in the Mon-Khmer, Nicobarese and Aslian subfamilies of Austroasiatic*. Canberra, A.C.T., Australia: Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University. ISBN 0858833735
* Alves, Mark J. (2014). Mon-Khmer. In Rochelle Lieber and Pavel Stekauer (eds.), *The Oxford Handbook of Derivational Morphology*, 520-544. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
* Alves, Mark J. (2015). Morphological functions among Mon-Khmer languages: beyond the basics. In N. J. Enfield & Bernard Comrie (eds.), *Languages of Mainland Southeast Asia: the state of the art*. Berlin: de Gruyter Mouton, 531–557.
* Byomkes Chakrabarti, *A Comparative Study of Santali and Bengali*, 1994
* Filbeck, D. (1978). *T'in: a historical study*. Pacific linguistics, no. 49. Canberra: Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University. ISBN 0858831724
* Hemeling, K. (1907). *Die Nanking Kuanhua*. (German language)
* Peck, B. M., Comp. (1988). *An Enumerative Bibliography of South Asian Language Dictionaries*.
* Peiros, Ilia. 1998. *Comparative Linguistics in Southeast Asia.* Pacific Linguistics Series C, No. 142. Canberra: Australian National University.
* Shorto, Harry L. edited by Sidwell, Paul, Cooper, Doug and Bauer, Christian (2006). *A Mon-Khmer comparative dictionary*. Canberra: Australian National University. Pacific Linguistics. ISBN 0-85883-570-3
* Shorto, H. L. *Bibliographies of Mon-Khmer and Tai Linguistics*. London oriental bibliographies, v. 2. London: Oxford University Press, 1963.
* Sidwell, Paul (2005) "Proto-Katuic Phonology and the Sub-grouping of Mon-Khmer Languages". In Sidwell, ed., *SEALSXV: papers from the 15th meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistic Society.*
* Zide, Norman H., and Milton E. Barker. (1966) *Studies in Comparative Austroasiatic Linguistics*, The Hague: Mouton (Indo-Iranian monographs, v. 5.).

* Mon-Khmer.com: Lectures by Paul Sidwell
* Ethnologue classification（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
* Mon-Khmer languages at SEAlang（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）