# 真双子叶植物

| 真双子叶植物 化石时期：
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| --- |
|  |
| 科学分类  |
| 界： | 植物界 Plantae |
| 演化支： | 维管植物 Tracheophyta |
| 演化支： | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
| 演化支： | 核心被子植物 Mesangiospermae |
| 演化支： | **真双子叶植物 Eudicots** |
| 演化支
 |
| * 毛茛目 Ranunculales
* 山龙眼目 Proteales
* 黄杨目 Buxales
* 昆栏树目 Trochodendrales
* 核心真双子叶植物 Core eudicots
	+ 大叶草目 Gunnerales
	+ 虎耳草目 Saxifragales
	+ 五桠果目 Dilleniales
	+ 红珊藤目 Berberidopsidales
	+ 檀香目 Santalales
	+ 石竹目 Caryophyllales
	+ 蔷薇类植物 Rosids
	+ 菊类植物 Asterids
 |

**真双子叶植物**（学名：eudicots）是指花粉具有三孔（具三叉沟型花粉粒）的植物类群，属于被子植物的演化支之一。该植物学术语由进化植物学家詹姆斯·A·道尔（James A. Doyle）和古植物学家卡罗尔·L·霍顿（Carol L. Hotton）在1991年所倡议，其划分出了被子植物门中的“非木兰类双子叶植物”，包括了绝大部分双子叶植物纲中的种类，而其他没有包括进去的双子叶植物被称为“类双子叶植物”或**古雙子葉植物**（并系群）。

## 特征

有时也将真双子叶植物分支称为“三孔花粉组”，因为它们的花粉都具有三个或三个以上的孔，这种性质和其他被子植物区别开来，其他被子植物包括单子叶植物纲和比较原始的双子叶植物如木兰目等都的花粉都是无孔或只具有单孔、双孔等。

## 分类

真双子叶植物的分类被APG分类法和APG II分类法采纳，作为一个依照基因亲缘关系分类的类群，包括了传统分类法中双子叶植物纲的绝大部分种类。

真双子叶植物的核心是蔷薇类和菊类两大部分，他们的核心分别为“真”蔷薇类和“真”菊类。

* **真双子叶植物 eudicots**
	+ **核心真双子叶植物 core eudicots**
		- **蔷薇类植物 rosids **豆类植物 fabids**（真蔷薇一类植物 eurosids I）
			* **锦葵类植物 malvids**（真蔷薇二类植物 eurosids II）
		- **菊类植物asterids **唇形类植物 lamiids**（真菊一类植物 euasterids I）
			* **桔梗类植物 campanulids**（真菊二类植物 euasterids II）

### 内部分类

下面是APG IV分类法真双子叶植物分支中详细的各目。

* **真双子叶植物 Eudicots**
	+ 毛茛目 Ranunculales
	+ 山龙眼目 Proteales
	+ 黄杨目 Buxales
	+ 昆栏树目 Trochodendrales
	+ **核心真双子叶植物 Core eudicots**
		- 大叶草目 Gunnerales
		- 五桠果目 Dilleniales
		- **超蔷薇类植物 Superrosids 虎耳草目 Saxifragales
			* **蔷薇类植物 Rosids**
				+ 葡萄目 Vitales
				+ **豆类植物 Fabids**
					- 葫芦目 Cucurbitales
					- 壳斗目 Fagales
					- 蔷薇目 Rosales
					- 豆目 Fabales
					- 酢浆草目 Oxalidales
					- 金虎尾目 Malpighiales
					- 卫矛目 Celastrales
					- 蒺藜目 Zygophyllales
				+ **锦葵类植物 Malvids**
					- 锦葵目 Malvales
					- 十字花目 Brassicales
					- 腺椒树目 Huerteales
					- 无患子目 Sapindales
					- 美洲苦木目 Picramniales
					- 缨子木目 Crossosomatales
					- 桃金娘目 Myrtales
					- 牻牛儿苗目 Geraniales
		- **超菊类植物 Superasterids 红珊藤目 Berberidopsidales
			* 檀香目 Santalales
			* 石竹目 Caryophyllales
			* **菊类植物 Asterids**
				+ 山茱萸目 Cornales
				+ 杜鹃花目 Ericales
				+ **唇形类植物 Lamiids**
					- 丝缨花目 Garryales
					- 龙胆目 Gentianales
					- 茄目 Solanales
					- 唇形目 Lamiales
					- 紫草目 Boraginales
					- 黄漆姑目 Vahliales
					- 茶茱萸目 Icacinales
					- 水螅花目 Metteniusales
				+ **桔梗类植物 Campanulids**
					- 冬青目 Aquifoliales
					- 南鼠刺目 Escalloniales
					- 菊目 Asterales
					- 绒球花目 Bruniales
					- 伞形目 Apiales
					- 川续断目 Dipsacales
					- 盔被花目 Paracryphiales

### 种系发生学

在APG IV分类法中，真双子叶植物以下各分支和其它被子植物的演化关系如下：

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| 被子植物
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| 核心被子植物
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| **真双子叶植物** |

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 核心真双子叶植物
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| 超菊类
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菊类

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石竹目

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檀香目

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红珊藤目

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蔷薇类

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虎耳草目

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五桠果目

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大叶草目

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黄杨目

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昆栏树目

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山龙眼目

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毛茛目

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金鱼藻目

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单子叶植物

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木兰类

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金粟兰目

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木兰藤目

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睡莲目

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无油樟目

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* Doyle, J. A. & Hotton, C. L. Diversification of early angiosperm pollen in a cladistic context. Pp. 169-195 in Pollen and Spores. Patterns of Diversification (eds Blackmore, S. & Barnes, S. H.) (Clarendon, Oxford, 1991).
* Walter S. Judd and Richard G. Olmstead. A survey of tricolpate (eudicot) phylogenetic relationships. American Journal of Botany. 2004, **91**: 1627–1644.  (全文 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） )

* 被子植物分类学网（APWeb）：真双子叶植物（英文）