# 吸蟲綱

| 吸蟲綱 |
| --- |
|  |
| *Botulus microporus*，一种生活在帆蜥魚肠子内的大型吸虫
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| 科学分类  |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 扁形动物门 Platyhelminthes |
| 亚门： | 被桿體亞門 Rhabditophora |
| 演化支： | 無中心體類 Acentrosomata |
| 演化支： | 裂腸新皮類 Bothrioneodermata |
| 总纲： | 新皮總綱 Neodermata |
| 纲： | **吸蟲綱 Trematoda** Karl Rudolphi, 1808 |
| 亞綱與目
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見內文

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**吸虫**（学名：Trematoda）是寄生虫的一种，为扁形动物门吸虫纲动物的总称，也称为**瓜仁虫**。一些吸虫也被称为**二口虫**（拉丁語：Distoma）。其名由来是因为它的口吸盘和腹吸盘都被认为是口而致，拉丁语中，Di代表“二”，stoma代表“口”。

## 概述

吸蟲是非常有名的一種寄生蟲，大部分為雌雄同體，可自體受精；生活史中可能有一個或多個中間宿主，以魚類、人體等多種脊椎動物為最終宿主；成蟲產卵發育成纖毛幼蟲（Miracidium，亦作毛蚴），纖毛幼蟲入侵中間宿主後，增殖並發育成尾動幼蟲(cercaride，亦作尾蚴)，再被最終宿主食入前會發育成曩狀幼蟲（metacerariae，亦作曩蚴）。吸蟲的成蟲有口吸盤及腹吸盤，其卵有卵蓋（operculum），蟲體在人體中最久可活30年，由生食淡水魚而感染。貓、狗為一種名為保蟲的吸蟲宿主，成蟲寄生於膽道，大量感染時可在膽囊中發現蟲體。曩狀幼蟲存在於淡水魚時，醃漬、煙燻或脫水皆不能將其殺死，輕微感染時無症狀，重度感染會造成膽道阻塞、膽囊炎、結石、肝膿痬或急性胰臟炎等，蟲卵約於感染後1個月後可於糞便中發現。

## 分類

吸蟲綱物種原來分為单殖目（Monogena）、複殖目（Digenea）、盾腹目（Aspidogastrea，亦作盾盘目或楯盤目）三個目。單殖、複殖所指的是物種的雄性生殖系统的输精管的数目（单殖1个、複殖2个）；而盾腹目的命名則沿於其特征，在其腹口吸盘周围有一個盾牌狀的衬垫。當時的單殖目可再細分為三個亞目，但現時單殖目已被提升至綱級，成為單殖綱。餘下的兩個目合計的物種，推算約 18,000到 24,000個物種。有文獻把這兩個目提升到亞綱的地位。

複殖目又名二生目，是吸蟲綱絕大多數物種所屬，之下再分為腹口亞目（Gasterostomata，寄生於魚腸內）及前口亞目（Prosostomata，有59科），其物種泛稱複殖吸蟲（digenetic trematode）是以寄生人體為對象的吸蟲。複殖吸蟲的基本結構和發育過程大致上相同，種類相當繁多且形態各自相差頗大，生活史有性世代（寄生於軟體動物，如螺螄、蚌類的階段）與無性世代（寄生於脊椎動物體內階段），基本生活型態是以卵生且多種幼蟲（毛蚴、胞蚴、雷蚴、尾蚴、囊蚴）之後在成長為成蟲。這些吸虫中以人类为宿主的种类，有肺吸虫（卫氏肺吸虫）、肝吸虫（中華肝吸蟲、牛羊肝吸蟲）、肠道吸虫、横川吸虫、血吸虫（日本血吸虫）、布氏薑片蟲（Fasciolopsis buski）等。

楯盤目只有一科四屬，直接發育，無需中間宿主。今提升至亞綱級，是為楯吸蟲亞綱或楯盤亞綱。

本纲包括以下目：
* Aspidogastrida

	+ Aspidogasteridae
	+ Aspidogastridae
	+ Multicalycidae
	+ Rugogastridae
* 有壁目 Diplostomida
* 斜睪目 Plagiorchiida
* Stichocotylida

	+ Stichocotylidae

目的地位未定的科：
* Acanthostomatidae
* Albulatrematidae
* Areobiotrematidae
* Arnolidae
* Gekkonotrematidae
* Halipegidae
* Jubilariidae
* Lecithochiridae
* Lobatovitelliovariidae
* Oesophagicolidae
* Sclerodistomatidae
* Tetrasteridae

目、科的地位未定的属：
* *Acanthocephala* Diesing, 1858
* *Achillurbainia* Dollfus, 1939
* *Adolescaria* Sinitzin, 1911
* *Afrobilharzia* Le Roux, 1958
* *Agamodistomum* Stossich, 1892
* *Ahemiuris* Chauhan, 1954
* *Allomicrophallus* Yamaguti, 1971
* *Allopseudopiclidophora* Yamaguti, 1965
* *Alloschistorchis* Yamaguti, 1970
* *Allotelorchis* Goodman, 1988
* *Amphibothrium* Frey & Leuckart, 1847
* *Amphistomulum* Brandes, 1892
* *Amphocleithrium* Price & Romero, 1969
* *Anatirenicola* Odening, 1962
* *Ankyrocotyle* Vlassenko, 1928
* *Antepharyngeum* Witenberg, 1925
* *Antodera* Pigulevsky, 1952
* *Aototrema* Bean-Knudsen, Uhazy & Wagner, 1987
* *Aspalacitrema* Deblock & Rausch, 1965
* *Aspina* Tripathi, 1956
* *Astomum* Schlotthauber, 1860
* *Asymphylodoroides* Yamaguti, 1971
* *Athesmioides* Cribb & Spratt, 1992
* *Atrioglabrum* Gracenea, Montoliu & Deblock, 1993
* *Atriospinosum* Deblock, 1973
* *Australodiscus* Sey, 1983
* *Axine* Yamaguti, 1938
* *Baiohelmins* Cribb & Pearson, 1988
* *Bashkinovitrema* Skrjabin, 1944
* *Bathycola* Fuhrmann, 1928
* *Baughbilharzia* Chauhan, Srivastava & Chauhan, 1973
* *Beauchampia* Yamaguti, 1963
* *Bengaliniella* Deblock, Mukherjee & Ghosh, 1970
* *Bilateracotyloides* Ramalingam, 1961
* *Bilorchis* Mehra, 1937
* *Biplacunella* Unnithan, 1971
* *Bispina* Tripathi, 1956
* *Bistellavulva* Unnithan, 1971
* *Bivulvostella* Unnithan, 1971
* *Blairium* Brooks & Holcman, 1993
* *Bothriophoron* Stiles & Goldberger, 1910
* *Brachionus* Schrank, 1776
* *Brachylecithoides* Yamaguti, 1971
* *Brachysaccus* Johnston, 1912
* *Bravotrema* Groschaft, 1970
* *Bullulina* Hammerschmidt, 1838
* *Buxifrons* Fukui, 1929
* *Buxifrons* Näsmark, 1937
* *Bychowskicotyle* Unnithan, 1971
* *Calicotyle* Nybelin, 1941
* *Calicotylides* Nybelin, 1941
* *Canaania* Travassos, 1944
* *Capronia* Richard, 1966
* *Carangixenus* Unnithan, 1962
* *Catoptroides* Looss, 1902
* *Caudorchis* Talbot, 1933
* *Cauliorchis* Stiles & Goldberger, 1910
* *Cesartrema* Travassos & Kohn, 1964
* *Ceylonotrema* Gussev, 1963
* *Chamaeleophilus* Yamaguti, 1971
* *Chaseostrigea* Ukoli, 1967
* *Cheilostomum* Diesing, 1850
* *Chelonella* Beneden & Hesse, 1863
* *Chinhuta* Lal, 1937
* *Chiropterotarbus* Bay-Schmith, 1972
* *Chiropterotrema* Velez & Thatcher, 1992
* *Chiroptodendrium* Skarbilovitch, 1943
* *Choanocotyle* Jue Sue & Platt, 1998
* *Choerocotyle* Baer, 1959
* *Choerocotyloides* Prudhoe, Yeh & Khalil, 1964
* *Choristogonoporus* Stunkard, 1938
* *Cladorchis* Wang & Zhou, 1989
* *Cochinocotyle* Gupta & Gupta, 1971
* *Coelomotrema* Angel, 1970

	+ *Coelomotrema aegyptiaca*
* *Coitocoecum* Nicoll, 1915
* *Combesia* Mas-Coma, Roset & Mantoliu, 1985
* *Conspicum* Bhalerao, 1936
* *Coryphogonimus* Cribb & Spratt, 1990
* *Cotylegaster* Cobbold, 1877
* *Cryptocephalus* Srivastava, 1944
* *Cryptostomum* Nitzsch, 1832
* *Cychlorchis* Lühe, 1908
* *Cyclostoma* Otto, 1823
* *Cymbiforma* Yamaguti, 1933
* *Dactylodiscus* Kamegai, 1971
* *Dasyurotrema* Cribb, 1992
* *Decacotylus* Mayer, 1841
* *Dermophthiroides* Cheung & Nigrelli, 1983
* *Diagenites* Poinar & Boucot, 2006
* *Diastomum* Packard, 1882
* *Dicotyle* Sonsino, 1898
* *Dicranocercaria* Lutz, 1919
* *Dicranocercaria* Szidat, 1932
* *Digenites* Poinar & Boucot, 2006
* *Dinotaster* Unnithan, 1971
* *Diplobothrium* Chandler, 1942
* *Diplostomum* Brandes, 1888
* *Diplotrema* Tripathi, 1959
* *Diporpa* Dujardin, 1844
* *Distemum*
* *Distoma* Retzius, 1786
* *Distomulum* Brandes, 1892
* *Distomum* Diesing, 1850
* *Distomus* Laennec, 1807
* *Divitelluses* Cai & Li, 1993
* *Dolichodemas* Looss, 1900
* *Dolichosomum* Looss, 1899
* *Dozenkotrema* Onkarnatha, 1964
* *Duttiella* Srivastava, Prasad & Maurya, 1980
* *Echinella* van Beneden & Hesse, 1864
* *Edcaballerotrema* Teixeira de Freitas, 1960
* *Eroliostrigea* Yamaguti, 1971
* *Eucercaria* Diesing, 1855
* *Eucercarioides* Tang & Tang, 1992
* *Eucradium* Szidat, 1954
* *Eurobilharzia* Le Roux, 1958
* *Eurymetra* Odhner, 1910
* *Eustemma* Diesing, 1850
* *Eustomos* MacCallum, 1921
* *Evandrocotyle* Jansen, 1941
* *Evanorchis* Skrjabin, 1944
* *Exorchocoelium* Thapar, 1958
* *Falciungus* Akmerov, 1952
* *Festucaria* Schrank, 1788
* *Flabellodiscus* Johnston & Tiegs, 1922
* *Fontius* Lotz & Palmieri, 1985
* *Gastrothylacias* Stiles & Goldberger, 1910
* *Gastrothylacides* Stiles & Goldberger, 1910
* *Geaterinia* Lebedev, 1969
* *Gemellicotyle* Prudhoe, 1975
* *Gibsonium* Brooks & Holcman, 1993
* *Gigantatrium* Yamaguti, 1958
* *Gigantobilharziella* Khalifa, 1974
* *Gigantopora* Looss, 1907
* *Glenocercaria* Diesing, 1858
* *Globostomum* Oshmarin, 1970
* *Globularia* Rolando, 1841
* *Glossidioides* Yamaguti, 1958
* *Glossocotyle* Van Beneden & Hesse, 1863
* *Glyptamphistoma* Yamaguti, 1958
* *Gotocotyla* Meserve, 1938
* *Gymnocephala* Diesing, 1858
* *Gymnocephala* Leidy, 1877
* *Haematobium* Dunglison, 1893
* *Haplostomum* Burmeister, 1856
* *Harmostomum* Witenberg, 1925
* *Hawkesius* Stiles & Goldberger, 1910
* *Hemistephanus* Looss, 1901
* *Hemixenotrema* Baer, 1971
* *Hepatotrema* Stunkard, 1923
* *Hephostomum* Burmeister, 1856
* *Heptostomum* Schomburgk, 1844
* *Heteracanthus* Diesing, 1836
* *Heteraxine* Linton, 1940
* *Heterobdella* Beneden & Hesse, 1864
* *Heterocoelium* Travassos, 1921
* *Heterocotyloides* Yamaguti, 1963
* *Heterolope* Looss, 1899
* *Heterostoma* De Filippi, 1837
* *Hexastoma* Kuhn, 1829
* *Hexastoma* Rudolphi, 1809
* *Hexathyridium* Treutler, 1793
* *Histerolecitha* Linton, 1910
* *Histrionella* Bory de St.Vincent, 1823
* *Histrionella* Ehrenberg, 1828
* *Histrionellina* Diesing, 1858
* *Holostoma* Nitzsch, 1816
* *Hormocercaria* Diesing, 1855
* *Hydricuculus* McCrady, 1873
* *Hydrochoeristrema* Sinkoc, Muller & Brum, 1998
* *Hypostoma* Rudolphi, 1809
* *Indopleurogenes* Yamaguti, 1971
* *Indopodocotyle* Gupta & Puri, 1981
* *Indopodocotyloides* Gupta & Sayal, 1979
* *Ishiella* Unnithan, 1971
* *Ityogonismus*
* *Jamuartrema* Kumar Lal, 1976
* *Kaurma* Chatterji, 1936
* *Khalilloossia* Hilmy, 1949
* *Klepsitromis* Hammerschmidt, 1835
* *Kunckelia* Künstler, 1881
* *Labontes* MacCallum, 1927
* *Labriferoides* Ganapati, Hanumantha & Lakshmana Rao, 1962
* *Laterostrigea* Yang, 1962
* *Leiperocotyle* Eduardo, 1980
* *Leipertrema* Sandosham, 1951
* *Lepidotes* Johnston & Tiegs, 1922
* *Lepustomum* Jain, 1953
* *Levinseniella* Deblock & Pearson, 1971
* *Levinsensia* Looss, 1928
* *Limatuloides* Dubois, 1964
* *Limosina* Manter, 1944
* *Lintonia* Monticelli, 1904
* *Lobostoma* Berthold, 1827
* *Longitrema* Chen, 1954
* *Lophocercaria* Diesing, 1858
* *Loriformis* Goeze, 1782
* *Lutianicotyle* Mamaev, 1990
* *Lutziella* Rohde, 1966
* *Luxitrema* Bray, 1987
* *Lyperosomoides* Yamaguti, 1971
* *Macallumia* Chatterji, 1938
* *Macrechinostomum* Odhner, 1911
* *Macrocercus* Müller, 1773
* *Macrocraeoides*
* *Macrogenotrema* Skrjabin & Baskakov, 1925
* *Macrurochaeta* Costa, 1864
* *Maillardiella* Brooks & Holcman, 1993
* *Malleolus* Ehrenberg, 1838
* *Manidicola* Graber & Gevrey, 1981
* *Maritremopsis* Deblock, 1973
* *Maxtrema* Travassos, Teixeira de Freitas & Kohn, 1969
* *Mazzantia* Travassos & Kohn, 1964
* *Mediantestis* Issaitschikow, 1928
* *Mediodera* Pigulevsky, 1952
* *Mediopharyngeum* Witenberg, 1925
* *Mediorchis* Panin, 1984
* *Mediorima* Nicoll, 1914
* *Meditypus* Barton, 1994
* *Megacetabulum* Oshmarin, 1964
* *Megacustis* Bennett, 1935
* *Megalatriotrema* Rao, 1969
* *Megalophalloides* Ching & Ibanez Herrera, 1976
* *Mehraformis* Bhardwaj, 1963
* *Melanoglena* Eichwald, 1850
* *Mesodendrium* Faust, 1919
* *Mesogonimus* Monticelli, 1885
* *Metacercaria*
* *Metadelphis* Travassos, 1944
* *Metagorgoderina* Fernandes, 1958
* *Metagyrodactylus* Yamaguti, 1963
* *Metahelicometra* Yamaguti, 1971
* *Microcotyle* Tripathi, 1956
* *Microderma* Mehra, 1931
* *Microphallus* Deblock & Pearson, 1969
* *Mixophthalmus* Karyakarte, 1967
* *Monarrhenos* Deblock & Pearson, 1971
* *Monocaecum* Deblock & Pearson, 1970
* *Monostoma* Rudolphi, 1809
* *Monostoma* Zeder, 1800
* *Monostomeus* Rafinesque, 1815
* *Monostomulum* Brandes, 1892
* *Morenodendrium* Odening, 1969
* *Muhlingina* Mehra, 1950
* *Multiglandularis* Schulz & Skworzow, 1931
* *Multigonadus* Bilqees, 1970
* *Multilecithum* Oshmarin & Demshin, 1972
* *Musalia* Shipley & Hornell, 1904
* *Muttua* Shipley & Hornell, 1904
* *Nannoenteron* Ozaki, 1924
* *Navigiolum* Onji & Nishio, 1924
* *Neodactylodiscus* Kamegai, 1972
* *Neodermophtherius* Price, 1963
* *Neodicrocoelium* Agrawal & Sharma, 1990
* *Neodiplostomum* Dubois, 1937
* *Neoeuparadistomum* Farooq & Azra Qamar, 1996
* *Neogorgoderina* Pereira & Cuocolo, 1940
* *Neogyrodactylus* Baugh, 1957
* *Neohamatopeduncularia* Gupta & Varsha Sachdeva, 1987
* *Neolepoderma* Mehra, 1937
* *Neomicrophallus* Farooq & Yousuf, 1986
* *Neophroechinostoma* Oshmarin & Belous, 1951
* *Neopisthorchis* Chatterji & Kruidenier, 1961
* *Neoprosotocus* Bourgat & Combes, 1977
* *Neorenifer* Byrd & Denton, 1938
* *Nephrocephala* Diesing, 1858
* *Neuronaia* Goodsir, 1845
* *Nicollina* Deshmukh, 1988
* *Nidarosia*
* *Nidrosia* Mortensen, 1933
* *Niviventertrema* Dronen, Homesley & Cleveland, 1995
* *Notaster* Unnithan, 1971
* *Octostoma* Otto, 1823
* *Octothilus* Hermann, 1782
* *Oligolecithus* Vercammen-Grandjean, 1960
* *Olssoniella* Travassos, 1944
* *Olveria* Sinha, 1941
* *Olveria* Thapar & Singha
* *Omnipharynx* Nicholls & Brooks, 1969
* *Ompoktrema* Varma & Singh, 1986
* *Onchiodiscus* Kulkarni, 1969
* *Onchogaster* Claparède, 1863
* *Ophiorchis* Mehra, 1937
* *Opisthoarchiotrema* Gupta & Sharma, 1974
* *Opisthobrachylecithum* Yamaguti, 1971
* *Opisthogenes* Nicoll, 1914
* *Opistholecithum* Baer, 1970
* *Opistocotyle* LeBlond, 1836
* *Oreochromogyrus* Ferdousi & Chandra, 2002
* *Orientoacanthostomum* Zaidi & Khan, 1977
* *Orthorchis* Mödlinger, 1925
* *Orthorchis* Travassos, 1944
* *Oryzomytrema* Thatcher, 1982
* *Oswaldoia* Travassos, 1919
* *Overstreetium* Brooks & Holcman, 1993
* *Palamphistomum* Srivastava & Tripathi, 1987
* *Palitrema* Cogate, 1939
* *Pancreaticum* Bhalerao, 1936
* *Pancreatrema* Oshmarin, 1952
* *Papillatrium* Richard, 1966
* *Papilloleucochloridium* Bakke, 1980
* *Parabascoides* Stunkard, 1938
* *Parabenedenia* Johnston, 1929
* *Paracanthatrium* Dubois, 1961
* *Paracephalogoniomus* Skrjabin, 1949
* *Paraconcinnum* Vassiliades & Richard, 1970
* *Paradistomoidella* Brooks & Palmieri, 1981
* *Paradistomoides* Travassos, 1944
* *Paraibatrema* Ueta, Deberaldini, da Silva Cordeiro & de Toledo Artigas, 1981
* *Paraindopleurogenes* Kalyankar & Palladwar, 1977
* *Paraleyogonimus* Vaucher, 1968
* *Paralutztrema* Faust, 1967
* *Parametadelphis* Travassos, 1955
* *Paramonostomoides* Yamaguti, 1971
* *Paramphistomacotyle* Mehra, 1980
* *Paramphistomoides* Yamaguti, 1958
* *Paraoistosomum* Tkach, 2011
* *Paraplagiorchis* Dollfus, 1924
* *Paraschistosomatium* Price, 1929
* *Parepibdella* Johnston, 1929
* *Paryphostomum* Jain, 1952
* *Pentadion* Saint-Rémy, 1891
* *Petalodistomum* Pigulevsky, 1952
* *Philline* Parona & Perugia, 1890
* *Phillines* Westwood, 1840
* *Phrynobatrachotrema* Goodman, 1986
* *Placotrema* Looss, 1907
* *Plagiorchoides* Olsen, 1937
* *Platyamphistoma* Yamaguti, 1958
* *Platycotyle* Beneden & Hesse, 1863
* *Platymetra* Mehra, 1931
* *Platynosomoides* Yamaguti, 1971
* *Plenosominoides* Ke & Liang, 1984
* *Pleurolobatus* Kaw, 1944
* *Pleuropsoloides* Goodman, 1990
* *Polyporus* Grube, 1840
* *Postodera* Pigulevsky, 1952
* *Postpharyngeum* Witenberg, 1925
* *Praeorchitrema* Oshmarin, 1952
* *Primatotrema* Premvati, 1958
* *Proacetabulorchoides* Oshmarin, 1970
* *Probolitrema* Pigulevsky, 1952
* *Prochiorchis* Dollfus, 1963
* *Procyonophilus* Thatcher, 1982
* *Proechimytrema* Thatcher, 1982
* *Proeputiodiplostomum* Gupta, 1962
* *Progonimodiscus* Vercammen-Grandjean, 1960
* *Promicrophallus* Fischthal & Kuntz, 1981
* *Pronopharynx* Cohn, 1904
* *Proschistosoma* Grétillat, 1962
* *Proshystera* Korkhaus, 1930
* *Prosostephanus* Lutz, 1935
* *Prosthometra* Looss, 1896
* *Prostorchigenes* Tubangui, 1928
* *Protofasciola* Odhner, 1926
* *Protofasciolopsis* Odhner
* *Prouterina* Foreyt, Schell & Beyer, 1996
* *Prudhoella* Beverley-Burton, 1960
* *Prymnoprion* Looss, 1899
* *Pseudalassostoma* Yamaguti, 1958
* *Pseudallassostomoides* Yamaguti, 1971
* *Pseudallobenedenia* Yamaguti, 1966
* *Pseudathesmia* Travassos, 1942
* *Pseudoallocreadium* Yamaguti, 1971
* *Pseudobianium* Sey, 1996
* *Pseudocalceostoma* Yamaguti, 1963
* *Pseudodiplodiscoides* Murty, 1970
* *Pseudodiscus* Sonsino, 1895
* *Pseudoechinostomum*
* *Pseudoganeo* Khomenovskij, 1971
* *Pseudomagnivitellinum* Dronen & Underwood, 1980
* *Pseudomerizocotyle* Kay, 1942
* *Pseudomorcheides* Wang, 1982
* *Pseudoorientocreadium* Agrawal & Sharma, 1990
* *Pseudoparamphistoma* Yamaguti, 1958
* *Pseudoplagiorchis* Yamaguti, 1971
* *Pseudoquinqueserialis* Sutton, 1981
* *Pseudorchis* Yamaguti, 1971
* *Pseudorenifer* Price, 1935
* *Pseudospelotrematoides* Yamaguti, 1939
* *Pterocotyle* Beneden & Hesse, 1863
* *Pteronella* Beneden & Hesse, 1863
* *Pterygotomaschalos* Stunkard, 1924
* *Ptyasiorchis* Mehra, 1937
* *Quasimaritrema* Deblock, 1973
* *Rallitrema* Travassos & Kohn, 1964
* *Redia* Filippi, 1837
* *Reduxotrema* Pigulevsky, 1952
* *Renicola* Sudarikov, 1951
* *Rhacophotrema* Uchida, Itagaki & Inoue, 1980
* *Rhodobilharzia* Le Roux, 1958
* *Rhopalocerca* Diesing, 1850
* *Rudolphiella* Travassos, 1924
* *Rutschurutrema* Baer, 1959
* *Sarumitrema* Beverley-Burton, 1963
* *Sawqirahcotyle* Lebedev, 1976
* *Schisturus* Rudolphi, 1809
* *Schizocerca* Diesing, 1858
* *Scintillovulva* Unnithan, 1971
* *Serpentinotrema* Travassos & Kohn, 1964
* *Sigmapera* Nicoll, 1918
* 华毕属 *Sinobilharzia* Dutt & Srivastava, 1955
* *Sinobilharzia* Le Roux, 1958
* *Sinuosoides* Denton & Krissinger, 1975
* *Skrjabinodendrium* Skarbilovitch, 1943
* *Skrjabinosomum* Skrjabin, 1944
* *Solenocerca* Diesing, 1855
* *Solenocotyle* Diesing, 1850
* *Sorexegliphe* Sadovskaya, 1954
* *Spinoderetrema* Bray, 1987
* *Spinometra* Mehra, 1931
* *Sporocerca* Diesing, 1855
* *Sporocystis* Filippi, 1854
* *Sporocystophora* Diesing, 1858
* *Sporonema* Diesing, 1855
* *Sporotherium* Diesing, 1858
* *Srivastavaia* Singh, 1970
* *Staffordiella* Mehra, 1966
* *Stephanolecithus* Nakagawa, 1919
* *Stephanopharynx* Fischoeder, 1901
* *Stichocotyle* Faust & Tang, 1936
* *Strzeleckia* Cribb & Spratt, 1991
* *Sturniratrema* Velez & Thatcher, 1992
* *Suchocyathocotyle* Dubois, 1984
* *Sureshiella* Srivastava, Maurya & Prasad, 1980
* *Symmetricatesticula* Krasnolobova, 1976
* *Synethes* Stiles & Goldberger, 1910
* *Tagumaea* Fukui, 1930
* *Taiwantrema* Fischthal & Kuntz, 1981
* *Telogonella* Mehra & Negi, 1928
* *Tenuifasciola* Yamaguti, 1971
* *Testisaculus* Bhalerao, 1927
* *Tetrapapillatrema* Ralph, 1938
* *Tetrastoma* Chiaje, 1833
* *Thailandobilharzia* Baugh, 1977
* *Thylogaster* Stiles & Goldberger, 1910
* *Topsiturvitrema* Velez & Thatcher, 1992
* *Travassasella* Faust & Tang, 1938
* *Travassodendrium* Skarbilovitch, 1943
* *Travassosina* Vaz, 1932
* *Travassostrema* Rebecq, 1962
* *Triloborchidiplostomum* Dubois & Angel, 1972
* *Trionchus* MacCallum, 1916
* *Tumaclinostomum* Van der Kuyp, 1953
* *Turbinilla* Bory de St.Vincent, 1823
* *Turquinia* Coy Otero, 1989
* *Ugandalubens* Goodman, 1988
* *Ultragenotrema* Skrjabin & Baskakow, 1925
* *Unistriata* Filimonova, 1985
* *Vaginaespina* Tripathi, 1956
* *Velasquezotrema* Eduardo & Javellana, 1987
* *Verodunia* Lahille & Joan, 1918
* *Vesperugidendrium* Pande, 1937
* *Virgulina* Bory de St.-Vincent, 1823
* *Vitellariotrema* Gupta & Krishna, 1977
* *Voelkeria* Travassos & Kohn, 1966
* *Watsonius* Stiles & Goldberger, 1910
* *Wellmanius* Stiles & Goldberger, 1910
* *Wrightrenicola* Odening, 1962
* *Xenopharynx* Nicoll, 1912
* *Xenopodistomum* Macnae, Rock & Makowski, 1973
* *Xiphidiocercaria* Diesing, 1855
* *Zeferinella* Artigas & Paulino, 1988
* *Zeylanurotrema* Crusz & Sanmugasunderam, 1974
* *Zoosperma* Bory de St Vincent, 1823
* *Zygodendrium* Salem, 1976

## 構造

體壁組織可分為體被與肌肉；可自我更新；具有吸收營養、感覺等功能。

* 血吸虫病