# 腔棘魚綱[编辑]

| 腔棘魚綱 化石时期：
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| 西印度洋矛尾鱼（*Latimeria chalumnae*）
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| 科学分类  |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
| 演化支： | 嗅球類 Olfactores |
| 亚门： | 脊椎动物亚门 Vertebrata |
| 下门： | 有颌下门 Gnathostomata |
| 演化支： | 真有颌类 Eugnathostomata |
| 高纲： | 硬骨鱼高纲 Osteichthyes |
| 总纲： | 肉鳍鱼总纲 Sarcopterygii |
| 纲： | **腔棘魚綱 Coelacanthimorpha** |
| 下级分类
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| * †米瓜夏鱼科 Miguashaiidae
* †重尾魚科 Diplocercidae
* †科 Hadronectoridae
* †科 Rhabdodermatidae
* †前鳍鱼科 Laugiidae
* 腔棘魚目 Coelacanthiformes
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| 異名
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| * Actinistia Cope, 1870
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**腔棘魚綱**（學名：Coelacanthimorpha）是肉鳍鱼的一個演化支，現存最古老的魚類家族之一，在距今約4億年前的泥盆纪早期便已出現，分類層級根據不同的研究而從下綱、亚纲到纲不等，現僅存腔棘魚目下矛尾鱼科、矛尾魚屬的西印度洋矛尾鱼和印尼矛尾鱼兩個物种。

## 系統發生

**A**：布氏米瓜夏魚（*Miguashaia bureaui* Shultze, 1973），產自晚泥盆纪弗拉斯期的加拿大魁北克省米瓜夏。
**B**：一種重尾魚（*Diplocercides heiligostockiensis* Jessen, 1966），產自晚泥盆纪弗拉斯期的德国贝吉施格拉德巴赫。
**C**：*Serenicthys kowiensis* gen. et sp. nov.，產自晚泥盆纪法门期的南非格拉罕鎮。
**D**：蒙大拿異翅魚（*Allenypterus montanus* Melton, 1969），產自早石炭纪纳穆尔期的美国蒙大拿州。
**E**：*Rhabdodema elegans* (Newberry, 1856)，產自晚石炭纪维斯发期的美国俄亥俄州林顿。
**F**：西印度洋矛尾鱼（*Latimeria chalumnae* Smith, 1939），產自現今的非洲東海岸。
根據魚類分類學網站 DeepFin 所採用的分類方案（即2017年美国学者 Betancur-R 等人修订的硬骨魚系統發育分類），在不納入史前類群的情況下，腔棘魚綱和肺魚四足綱是構成肉鳍鱼总纲的兩大基礎分支，二者互為姊妹群，並與其他現生硬骨魚類形成如下分化關系：

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| 有颌下门
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 硬骨鱼高纲
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| 辐鳍鱼总纲
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 腕鳍鱼纲 Cladistia  |
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| 輻鰭魚綱
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 软质亚纲 Chondrostei  |
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| 新鰭亞綱
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 全骨下纲 Holostei  |
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 真骨下纲 Teleostei  |
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|  Neopterygii
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|  Actinopteri
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|  Actinopterygii
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| 肉鳍鱼总纲
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 腔棘魚綱 Coelacanthimorpha  |
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| 肺魚四足綱
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 肺鱼亚纲 Dipnomorpha  |
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 四足形亚纲 Tetrapodomorpha  |
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|  Dipnotetrapodomorpha
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|  Sarcopterygii
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|  Osteichthyes
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 軟骨魚綱 Chondrichthyes （外类群）
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|  Gnathostomata
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結合1995–2012年間的相關資料，腔棘魚綱內部假定的分化關系如下（符號 † 表示已滅絕）：

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肺魚四足綱 Dipnotetrapodomorpha  |
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| **腔棘魚綱** |

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| †米瓜夏鱼科
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†*Gavinia* |
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†米瓜夏鱼属 *Miguashaia*  |
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| Miguashaiidae
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| †重尾魚科
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†*Dictyonosteus* |
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†重尾魚屬 *Diplocercides*  |
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| Diplocercidae
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| Hadronectoridae
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†*Hadronector* |
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†異翅魚屬 *Allenypterus*  |
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†*Holopterygius*  |
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†*Lochmocercus* |
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†*Polyosteorhynchus* |
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| †Rhabdodermatidae
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†*Rhabdoderma* |
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†*Caridosuctor* |
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†*Synaptotylus* |
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†*Sassenia* |
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| †腔棘魚科
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†*Axelia* |
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†腔棘鱼属 *Coelacanthus*  |
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†*Wimania* |
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†*Ticinepomis*  |
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| Coelacanthidae
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| †前鳍鱼科
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†*Coccoderma* |
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†前鳍鱼属 *Laugia* |
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†*Trachymetopon*  |
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| Laugiidae
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†*Spermatodus* |
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腔棘魚目 Coelacanthiformes  |
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| **Coelacanthimorpha** |

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| 腔棘魚目
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| †懷特魚科
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†皮爾逖魚屬 *Piveteauia* |
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†懷特魚屬 *Whiteia* |
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| Whiteiidae
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| †叛逆腔棘鱼科
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†叛逆腔棘鱼属 *Rebellatrix* |
| Rebellatricidae
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| 矛尾鱼亚目
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†*Garnbergia* |
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| †莫森氏魚科
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†欽利魚屬 *Chinlea*  |
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†*Parnaibaia* |
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†莫森氏魚屬 *Mawsonia*  |
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†阿克塞羅德氏魚屬 *Axelrodichthys* |
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| Mawsoniidae
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†*Diplurus* |
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†利比斯腔棘鱼属 *Libys*  |
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| 矛尾鱼科
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†*Holophagus*  |
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†溫蒂妮魚屬 *Undina* |
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†大蓋魚屬 *Macropoma*  |
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†斯溫茲魚屬 *Swenzia* |
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矛尾魚屬 *Latimeria*  |
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| Latimeriidae
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| Latimerioidei
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| Coelacanthiformes
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## 下级分類

* **腔棘魚綱 Coelacanthimorpha**（符號 † 表示已滅絕）
	+ †米瓜夏鱼科 Miguashaiidae（泥盆纪）
		- †*Gavinia*
		- †米瓜夏鱼属 *Miguashaia*
	+ †重尾魚科 Diplocercidae（泥盆纪至石炭纪早期）
		- †*Dictyonosteus*
		- †重尾魚屬 *Diplocercides*（*Nesides*）
	+ †瞬鱼科 Hadronectoridae（並系群）
		- †異翅魚屬 *Allenypterus*
		- †瞬鱼属 *Hadronector*
		- †全鳍鱼属 *Holopterygius*
		- †*Lochmocercus*
		- †多鼻骨鱼属 *Polyosteorhynchus*
		- †*Spermatodus*
	+ †棒鱼科 Rhabdodermatidae（石炭纪）
		- †吮虾鱼属 *Caridosuctor*
		- †棒鱼属 *Rhabdoderma*
		- †*Sassenia*
	+ †前鳍鱼科 Laugiidae（三叠纪晚期至白垩纪晚期）
		- †*Coccoderma*
		- †前鳍鱼属 *Laugia*
		- †*Trachymetopon*
	+ 腔棘魚目 Coelacanthiformes（泥盆纪早期至今）
		- †懷特魚科 Whiteiidae
		- †叛逆腔棘鱼科 Rebellatricidae
		- 矛尾鱼亚目 Latimerioidei
			* †*Garnbergia*
			* †莫森氏魚科 Mawsoniidae
			* 矛尾鱼科 Latimeriidae