# 喙头目

| **喙頭目** 化石时期：三疊紀中期－現代 |
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| 斑點楔齒蜥 *Sphenodon punctatus* |
| 科学分类  |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
| 纲： | 爬行綱 Reptilia |
| 演化支： | 真爬行動物 Eureptilia |
| 演化支： | 卢默龙类 Romeriida |
| 亚纲： | 双孔亚纲 Diapsida |
| 演化支： | 新双弓类 Neodiapsida |
| 演化支： | 蜥类 Sauria |
| 下纲： | 鳞龙形下纲 Lepidosauromorpha |
| 总目： | 鱗龍超目 Lepidosauria |
| 目： | **喙头目 Rhynchocephalia** Günther, 1867 |
| 演化支
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| * †桥蜥科 Gephyrosauridae
	+ †三角洲蜥屬 *Deltadectes*
	+ †桥蜥属 *Gephyrosaurus*
	+ †雙犬齒蜥属 *Diphydontosaurus*
	+ †冥龍蜥屬 *Penegephyrosaurus*
* **楔齿蜥类 Sphenodontia**
	+ †厚鼻齿蜥属 *Brachyrhinodon*
	+ †格洛斯特蜥属 *Clevosaurus*
	+ †哥達瓦里蜥屬 *Godavarisaurus*
	+ †微齒蜥屬 *Micromenodon*
	+ †正原蜥屬 *Homoeosaurus*
	+ †属 *Kallimodon*
	+ †拉馬克蜥屬 *Lamarquesaurus*
	+ †薄蜥属 *Leptosaurus*
	+ †属 *Paleollanosaurus*
	+ †属 *Pamizinsaurus*
	+ †属 *Pelecymala*
	+ †平顶蜥属 *Planocephalosaurus*
	+ †属 *Piocormus*
	+ †多楔齒蜥屬 *Polysphenodon*
	+ †熱巴那蜥屬 *Rebbanasaurus*
	+ †楔齒蜥龍屬 *Sapheosaurus*
	+ †楔齿兀鹰属 *Sphenocondor*
	+ †楔齒蝰屬 *Sphenovipera*
	+ †属 *Sigmala*
	+ †廷吉塔納蜥屬 *Tingitana*
	+ †属 *Theretairus*
	+ †属 *Whitakersaurus*
	+ †后拟蜥类 Opisthodontia
		- †属 *Fraserosphenodon*
		- †卡瓦楔齿蜥属 *Kawasphenodon*
		- †后拟蜥属 *Opisthias*
		- †密齒蜥亞科 Eilenodontinae
			* †密齒蜥屬 Eilenodon
			* †海神蜥屬 Kaikaifilusaurus
			* †巴塔哥楔齒蜥屬 Patagosphenos
			* †首楔齿蜥属 Priosphenodon
			* †属 Toxolophosaurus
			* ?†楔齿巨蜥属 Sphenotitan
	+ †腹躯龙科 Pleurosauridae
	+ 楔齿蜥科 Sphenodontidae
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**喙頭目**（學名：Rhynchocephalia），也稱**喙頭蜥目**，是形似蜥蜴的蜥形綱動物的一個目。今僅存楔齒蜥科下楔齒蜥屬1種。

一类已灭绝的海生喙頭蜥目，腹躯龙科
## 分類

1831年，喙頭蜥的頭骨被送至大英博物館，因被當成一種蜥蜴，而使整個屬被錯誤分類。

1867年，大英博物館的阿爾伯特·甘瑟（Albert Günther）注意到喙頭蜥與鳥、龜和鱷的相似點，建立了喙頭目以包含喙頭蜥與相關的化石種。然而許多無關的種隨後都被添加到喙頭目下。

1925年， 塞繆爾·溫德爾·威利斯頓（Samuel Wendell Williston）提出新的楔齒蜥類（Sphenodontia），僅包含現今生存的楔齒蜥與相關的化石種，以區別於混雜的喙頭目。

如今喙头目的用法包含 *Gephyrosaurus* 與楔齒蜥類。

## 演化樹

以下是 Rauhut 等人於2012年提出的**喙頭目**的演化樹。

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| **喙头目** |

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桥蜥属 *Gephyrosaurus* |
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| 楔齿蜥类
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双犬齿蜥属 Diphydontosaurus  |
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平顶蜥属 *Planocephalosaurus*  |
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拟始蜥属 *Homeosaurus* |
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厚鼻齿蜥属 *Brachyrhinodon* |
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|  | *Clevosaurus hudsoni* |
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王氏格洛斯特蜥 *Clevosaurus wangi* |
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| 腹躯龙科
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原腹躯龙属 *Palaeopleurosaurus* |
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腹躯龙属 *Pleurosaurus* |
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|  | *Kallimodon* |
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|  | *Sapheosaurus* |
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| 楔齿蜥科
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| 楔齿蜥亚科
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楔齿蜥属 *Sphenodon*  |
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厄恩蜥属 *Oenosaurus* |
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犬楔齿蜥属 *Cynosphenodon* |
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萨帕塔齿蜥属 *Zapatadon* |
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| Sphenodontinae
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| 演化支
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|  | *Opisthias* |
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| 密齿蜥族
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|  | *Toxolophosaurus* |
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首楔齿蜥属 *Priosphenodon* |
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密齿蜥属 *Eilenodon* |
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| Eilenodontini
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| Opisthodontia
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| Sphenodontidae
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## 參考資料