# 波菲利 (哲學家)

| 波菲利 |
| --- |
|  |
| 出生 | 约234年 |
| 逝世 | 约305年 |
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| 著名思想 | 波菲利之树, 对基督教的批评, 素食主義 |
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**波菲利**（古希臘語：Πορφύριος，羅馬化：Porphýrios；阿拉伯語：فرفوريوس，羅馬化：Furfūriyūs；讀音：/ˈpɔːrfɪri/；约234年—约305年）是在罗马统治期间出生在泰尔的新柏拉图哲学家。

他撰写了涉及许多主题的作品，涵蓋音乐、荷马以及素食主义。他编辑并出版了《九章集》，这是有關他的老师普罗提诺著作的唯一合集。他对欧几里得的几何原本评论曾被帕普斯引用。他的著作《导论》在中世纪被認為是逻辑学和哲学的入门书和教科書，並被翻譯成拉丁语和阿拉伯语。波菲利是一名反基督教人士，著有《Philosophy from Oracles》和《反對基督徒》（Against the Christians） 等反基督教著作。《反對基督徒》後來甚至被君士坦丁大帝所取缔。

### 引文

### 资料来源

* Barker, A. Porphyry. Hornblower, S.; Spawforth, A. (编). Oxford Classical Dictionary revised 3rd. 2003: 1226–1227.
* Barnes, Jonathan. Porphyry: Introduction. Oxford: Clarendon. 2003  [2020-02-24]. （原始内容存档于2020-01-05）.
* Barnes, Jonathan. Method and Metaphysics: Essays in Ancient Philosophy. Volume I. Oxford: OUP. 2011  [2020-02-24]. ISBN 978-0-19-957751-4. （原始内容存档于2016-05-02）.
* Beutler, R. (1894–1980). "Porphyrios (21)" in A. Pauly, G. Wissowa, W. Kroll, K. Witte, K. Mittelhaus and K. Ziegler, eds., *Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft*, vol. 22.1.
* Clarke, Gillian. Iamblichus : On the Pythagorean Life. Liverpool University Press. 1989  [2020-02-24]. ISBN 978-0-85323-326-8. （原始内容存档于2020-01-24）.
* Digeser, Elizabeth DePalma. Lactantius, Porphyry, and the Debate over Religious Toleration. Journal of Roman Studies. 1998, **88**: 129–146. ISSN 0075-4358. doi:10.2307/300808.
* Froom, LeRoy. The Prophetic Faith of our Fathers (PDF). Volume 1. Washington, DC: Review and Herald. 1950  [2020-02-24]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-09-27）.
* Guthrie, Kenneth Sylvan. The Works of Porphyry. Porphyry's Launching-points to the realm of mind: an introduction to the neoplatonic philosophy of Plotinus. Phanes Press. 1988  [2020-02-24]. ISBN 978-0-933999-59-6. （原始内容存档于2020-01-09）.  also available at tertullian.org （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
* Hadot, P. Philosophy as a Way of Life. Oxford: Blackwell. 1995.
* Johnson, Aaron. Rethinking the Authenticity of Porphyry, c.Christ. fr. 1,. Studia Patristica. 2010, **46**: 53–58.
* Johnson, Aaron P. Religion and Identity in Porphyry of Tyre: The Limits of Hellenism in Late Antiquity. Cambridge University Press. 2013  [2020-02-24]. ISBN 978-1-107-01273-8. （原始内容存档于2019-12-19）.
* Notopoulos, James A. Porphyry's Life of Plato. Classical Philology. 1940, **35** (3): 284–293. ISSN 0009-837X. doi:10.1086/362396.
* Rahman, F. ʿARAŻ. Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. II, Fasc. 3: 271–273. 1986  [2020-02-24]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-18）.
* Sarton, G. The Unity and Diversity of the Mediterranean World. Osiris. 1936, **2**: 406–463. doi:10.1086/368462.
* Sadaune, Samuel. Inventions et decouvertes au Moyen-Age [Inventions and Discoveries of the Middle Ages]. Ouest-France. 2014. ISBN 9782737362415 （法语）.
* Socrates Scholasticus.  Historia Ecclesiastica. 维基文库. 1885, **Book I, Ch 9, pp. 30-31**.
* Socrates Scholasticus.  Historia Ecclesiastica. 维基文库. 1885b, **Book III, Ch 23**.
* Stevenson, James. A New Eusebius: Documents Illustrating the History of the Church to AD 337. SPCK. 1987  [2020-02-24]. ISBN 978-0-281-04268-5. （原始内容存档于2020-01-08）.
* Wilken, R. Pagan Criticism of Christianity: Greek Religion and Christian Faith. Schoedel and, W.; Wilken, R. (编). Early Christian Literature and the Classical Intellectual Tradition. 1979: 117–134.

### 更多阅读

* Bidez, J. (1913). *Vie de Porphyre*. Ghent.
* Clark, Gillian, "Porphyry of Tyre on the New Barbarians," in R. Miles (ed), *Constructing Identities in Late Antiquity* (London: Routledge, 1999), 112–132; = in Eadem, *Body and Gender, Soul and Reason in Late Antiquity* (Farnham; Burlington, VT, Ashgate, 2011) (Variorum collected studies series, CS978), art. XIV.
* Clark, Gillian, "Philosophic Lives and the philosophic life: Porphyry and Iamblichus," in T. Hägg and P. Rousseau (eds), *Greek Biography and Panegyric in Late Antiquity* (Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press, 2000), 29–51; = in Eadem, *Body and Gender, Soul and Reason in Late Antiquity* (Farnham; Burlington, VT, Ashgate, 2011) (Variorum collected studies series, CS978), art. XV.
* Clark, Gillian, "Fattening the soul: Christian asceticism and Porphyry On Abstinence," *Studia Patristica*, 35, 2001, 41-51; = in Eadem, *Body and Gender, Soul and Reason in Late Antiquity* (Farnham; Burlington, VT, Ashgate, 2011) (Variorum collected studies series, CS978), art. XVI.
* Emilsson, E., "Porphyry" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Retrieved April 19, 2009.
* Iamblichus: *De mysteriis*. Translated with an Introduction and Notes by Emma C. Clarke, John M. Dillon and Jackson P. Hershbell (Society of Biblical Literature; 2003) ISBN 1-58983-058-X.
* Girgenti, G. (1987) *Porfirio negli ultimi cinquant'anni: bibliografia sistematica e ragionata della letteratura primaria e secondaria riguardante il pensiero porfiriano e i suoi influssi storici* Milan.
* Smith, Andrew (1987) *Porphyrian Studies since 1913*, in W. Haase, ed., Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt II.36.2, pp. 717–773.
* Smith, Andrew (1974) *Porphyry's Place in the Neoplatonic Tradition. A Study in post-Plotinian Neoplatonism*, The Hague, Nijhoff.
* Zuiddam, B. A. "Old Critics and Modern Theology," *Dutch Reformed Theological Journal* (South Africa), xxxvi, 1995, No. 2.

* + 维基共享资源上的相關多媒體資源：波菲利
	+ 波菲利 (哲學家)收錄於維基文庫中的作品
	+ 希臘語维基文库中与本条目相关的原始文献：Πορφύριος
	+ 维基语录上有关波菲利 (哲學家)的语录
	+ Porphyry Malchus (mathematician) – entry in MacTutor History of Maths Archives.
	+ Emilsson, Eyjólfur. Porphyry. 扎尔塔, 爱德华·N (编). 《斯坦福哲学百科全书》. .
	+ Περὶ τοῦ ἐν Ὀδυσσείᾳ τῶν Νυμφῶν Ἄντρου (*The Cave of the Nymphs in the Odyssey*), original Greek text.
	+ Εἰσαγωγὴ εἰς τὴν Ἀποτελεσματικὴν τοῦ Πτολεμαίου (*Introduction to Ptolemy's Tetrabiblos*), original Greek text.
	+ Porphyry, *On Abstinence from Animal Food*, Book I （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, translated by Thomas Taylor.
	+ Porphyry, *On Abstinence from Animal Food*, Book II （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, translated by Thomas Taylor.
	+ Porphyry, *On Abstinence from Animal Food*, Book III （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, translated by Thomas Taylor.
	+ Porphyry, *On Abstinence from Animal Food*, Book IV （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, translated by Thomas Taylor.
	+ Porphyry, *On the Cave of Nymphs* （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, translated by Thomas Taylor.
	+ Porphyry, *Auxiliaries to the Perception of Intelligible Natures*, translated by Thomas Taylor.
	+ Porphyry, *Isagoge* （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, translated by Octavius Freire Owen.
	+ *The Isagoge, or Introduction of Porphyry*, translated by Thomas Taylor with an extensive preface by the translator.
	+ Porphyry, *On the Life of Plotinus* （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
	+ Porphyry, *Comments on the Book of Daniel*. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
	+ Additional texts, edited by Roger Pearse （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
	+ 來自波菲利的LibriVox公共領域有聲讀物