# 三界 (佛教)[编辑]

**三界**（梵語：त्रैलोक्य，羅馬化：trai-lokya），佛教用語。**三界**為：欲界、色界、無色界。三界構成世間，相當於三有。有情眾生都在三界中因為煩惱的關係生死輪迴。此概念被道教借入，也稱三界二十八天。

在淨土宗曇鸞大師所著的《略論安樂淨土義》中，說明阿彌陀佛極樂世界等佛國淨土非屬三界。

梵语त्रैलोक्य（*trai-lokya*）還可以翻譯為**三世**，指時間界，如過去、現在、未來縱三世佛（過去佛燃燈佛，現在佛釋迦牟尼佛，未來佛彌勒佛)。

## 三界

1. 欲界
	* 地獄
	* 人間
	* 六欲天（十天）：四天王天、忉利天（三十三天）、夜摩天、兜率陀天、化樂天、他化自在天
2. 色界
	* 四禪天：初禅天、二禪天、三禪天、四禪天
3. 無色界
	* 四空天：空無邊處天、識無邊處天、無所有處天、非想非非想天

## 六道

三界分为六道，三界之上六道之外还有声闻、缘觉、菩萨、佛陀四圣境，总共十法界。

## 十法界：樹狀結構

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 十法界
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 四聖
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|  |  |
| --- | --- |
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佛

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菩薩

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辟支佛

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阿羅漢

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| 三界
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 無色界（離物質）
 |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
非想非非想天（壽八萬劫）

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|  | 無所有處天（壽六萬劫）

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|  | 識無邊處天（壽四萬劫）

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|  | 空無邊處天（壽二萬劫）

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| 色界（修禪定）
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 四禪天
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 三果所居（五淨居天）
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|  |  |
| --- | --- |
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色究竟天（16,000大劫）

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|  | 善現天（8,000大劫）

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|  | 善見天（4,000大劫）

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|  | 無熱天（2,000大劫）

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|  | 無煩天（1,000大劫）

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外道所居－無想天（500大劫）

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| 凡夫所居
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|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | 廣果天（500大劫）

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|  | 福生天（250大劫）

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|  | 無雲天（125大劫）

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| 三禪天
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|  |  |
| --- | --- |
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遍淨天（64大劫）

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|  | 无量净天（32大劫）

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|  | 少净天（16大劫）

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| 二禪天
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| --- | --- |
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極光淨天（光音天：8大劫）

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|  | 无量光天（4大劫）

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|  | 少光天（2大劫）

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| 初禪天
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|  |  |
| --- | --- |
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大梵天（1中劫）

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|  | 梵辅天（1/2中劫）

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梵眾天（1/3中劫）

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| 欲界
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 六道
 |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 天道六欲天（修十善業）
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 空居天
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|  |  |
| --- | --- |
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他化自在天（16,000天年）

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化樂天（8,000天年）

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兜率天（4,000天年）

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夜摩天（2,000天年）

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| 地居天
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| --- | --- |
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忉利天（三十三天、帝釋天：1,000天年）

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四天王天（500天年）

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人道（修五戒）

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阿修羅道

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畜牲道

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餓鬼道

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地獄道

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## 三界二十八天：樹狀結構

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 三界二十八天
 |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 無色界（離物質）
 |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
非想非非想天（84,000大劫）

 |
|  |
|  | 無所有處天（壽六萬劫）

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|  |
|  | 識無邊處天（壽四萬劫）

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|  |
|  | 空無邊處天（壽二萬劫）

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|  |

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|  |
| 色界（修禪定）
 |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 四禪天
 |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 三果所居（五淨居天）
 |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
色究竟天（16,000大劫）

 |
|  |
|  | 善現天（8,000大劫）

 |
|  |
|  | 善見天（4,000大劫）

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|  |
|  | 無熱天（2,000大劫）

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|  |
|  | 無煩天（1,000大劫）

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|  |

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|  |
外道所居－無想天（500大劫）

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| 凡夫所居
 |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | 廣果天（500大劫）

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|  |
|  | 福生天（250大劫）

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|  |
|  | 無雲天（125大劫）

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|  |

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|  |

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|  |
| 三禪天
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|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
遍淨天（64大劫）

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|  |
|  | 无量净天（32大劫）

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|  |
|  | 少净天（16大劫）

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|  |

 |
|  |
| 二禪天
 |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
極光淨天（光音天：8大劫）

 |
|  |
|  | 无量光天（4大劫）

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|  |
|  | 少光天（2大劫）

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|  |

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| 初禪天
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|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
大梵天（1中劫）

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|  | 梵辅天（1/2中劫）

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|  |
梵眾天（1/3中劫）

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| 欲界
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 天道六欲天（修十善業）
 |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 空居天
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|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
他化自在天（16,000天年）

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化樂天（8,000天年）

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兜率天（4,000天年）

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夜摩天（2,000天年）

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|  |

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| 地居天
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|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
忉利天（三十三天、帝釋天：1,000天年）

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四天王天（500天年）

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## 忉利天（三十三天）：樹狀結構

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 中央：善法堂天
 |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 東方
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|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
影照天

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智慧行天

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眾分天

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曼陀羅天

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上行天

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威德顏天

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威德焰輪光天

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清淨天

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| 西方
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|  |  |
| --- | --- |
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波利耶多天

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離險岸天

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谷崖岸天

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摩尼藏天

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旋行天

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金殿天

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鬘形天

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柔軟天

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| 南方
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|  |  |
| --- | --- |
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山峰天

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山頂天

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善見城天

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缽私他天

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俱吒天

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雜殿天

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歡喜園天

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光明天

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| 北方
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|  |  |
| --- | --- |
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雜莊嚴天

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如意天

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微細行天

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歌音喜樂天

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威德輪天

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日行天

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閻摩那娑羅天

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速行天

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## 列表（《法苑珠林》）

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 無色界
 | 上界天
 | 非想非非想處天
 |
| 無所有處天
 |
| 識無邊處天
 |
| 空無邊處天
 |
| 色界
 | 四禪天
 | 无烦天、无热天、善现天、善见天、色究竟天（此五天合稱五不還天，為不入輪迴解脫聖者所居） 福生天、福庆天、广果天、无想天
 |
| 三禪天
 | 少净天、无量净天、遍净天
 |
| 二禪天
 | 少光天、无量光天、光音天
 |
| 初禪天
 | 梵众天、梵辅天、大梵天
 |
| 欲界
 | 空居天
（居虚空天）

 | 他化自在天（他化乐天）
 |
| 化乐天（化自在天）
 |
| 兜率天（睹史多天）
 |
| 夜摩天（炎摩天）
 |
| 地居天
 | 忉利天 三十三天
 | 中央 善法堂天
 | 东方
 | 影照天、智慧行天、众分天、曼陀罗天、 上行天、威德颜天、威德焰轮光天、清净天
 |
| 西方
 | 波利耶多天、离险岸天、谷崖岸天、摩尼藏天、 旋行天、金殿天、鬘形天、柔软天
 |
| 南方
 | 山峰天、山顶天、善见城天、钵私他天、 俱吒天、杂殿天、欢喜园天、光明天
 |
| 北方
 | 杂庄严天、如意天、微细行天、歌音喜乐天、 威德轮天、日行天、阎摩那娑罗天、速行天
 |
| 四天王天
 | 东方
 | 持国天（提头赖咤天）
 |
| 南方
 | 增长天（毗琉璃勒天）
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| 西方
 | 广目天（毗琉璃婆叉天）
 |
| 北方
 | 多闻天（毗沙门天）
 |
| 游空天 （游虚空天）
 | 日月星宿天
 |
| 地下天
 | 常放逸天（常骄天、恒憍天）
 |
| 持华鬘天（持鬘天）
 |
| 坚手天
 |

* 欲界
	+ 《法苑珠林》卷五：“欲界十天者：一名于手天，二名持华鬘，三名常放逸天，四名日月星宿天，五名四天王天，六名三十三天，七名炎摩天，八名兜率陀天，九名化乐天，十名他化自在天。”
	+ 《大智度论》卷九：“须弥山高八万四千由旬，上有三十三天城。

## 列表（三界九地）

| 三界
 | 九地
 | 二十八天
 | 六道
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 無色界
 | 四地
 | 非想非非想地
 | 4
 | 非想非非想處天
 | 四天
 | 天道
 |
| 無所有處地
 | 3
 | 無所有處天
 |
| 識無邊處地
 | 2
 | 識無邊處天
 |
| 空無邊處地
 | 1
 | 空無邊處天
 |
| 色界
 | 四地
 | 舍念清淨地
 | 9
 | 色究竟天
 | 五淨居天
 | 四禪九天
 |
| 8
 | 善现天
 |
| 7
 | 善见天
 |
| 6
 | 无热天
 |
| 5
 | 无烦天
 |
| 4
 | 无想天
 |
| 3
 | 广果天
 |
| 2
 | 福生天
 |
| 1
 | 無雲天
 |
| 離喜妙樂地
 | 3
 | 遍净天
 | 三禪三天
 |
| 2
 | 无量净天
 |
| 1
 | 少净天
 |
| 定生喜樂地
 | 3
 | 光音天
 | 二禪三天
 |
| 2
 | 无量光天
 |
| 1
 | 少光天
 |
| 離生喜樂地
 | 3
 | 大梵天
 | 初禪三天
 |
| 2
 | 梵辅天
 |
| 1
 | 梵众天
 |
| 欲界
 | 一地
 | 五趣雜聚地
 | 6
 | 他化自在天
 | 六天
 |
| 5
 | 化自在天
 |
| 4
 | 兜率陀天
 |
| 3
 | 夜摩天
 |
| 2
 | 忉利天 （三十三天）
 | 中央
 | 善法堂天
 |
| 东方
 | 影照天、智慧行天、众分天、曼陀罗天、上行天、 威德颜天、威德焰轮光天、清净天
 |
| 西方
 | 波利耶多天、离险岸天、谷崖岸天、摩尼藏天、 旋行天、金殿天、鬘形天、柔软天
 |
| 南方
 | 山峰天、山顶天、善见城天、钵私他天、俱吒天、 杂殿天、欢喜园天、光明天
 |
| 北方
 | 杂庄严天、如意天、微细行天、歌音喜乐天、威德轮天、 日行天、阎摩那娑罗天、速行天
 |
| 1
 | 四天王天
 | 东方
 | 持国天（提头赖咤天）
 |
| 南方
 | 增长天（毗琉璃勒天）
 |
| 西方
 | 广目天（毗琉璃婆叉天）
 |
| 北方
 | 多闻天（毗沙门天）
 |
|  | 修羅道
 |
|  | 人道
 |
|  | 畜生道
 |
|  | 惡鬼道
 |
|  | 地獄道
 |

* 天 (佛教)
* 世界 (印度教)：地界、空界、天界
* 三界 (道教)：道教借入佛教天界的说法，也称天界中的欲界、色界、无色界共计二十八天

## 參考資料

* 《佛教大辭典》
* 《佛學大辭典》