# 1901年印度人口普查[编辑]

| 1901年印度人口普查 |
| --- |
| 基本信息 |
| 國家 |  英属印度 |
| 结果 |
| 總人口 | 294,361,056 （▲ 2.45%）
 |
| 人口最多的省 | 孟加拉 74,744,866 |
| 人口最少的省 | 安達曼-尼科巴群島 24,649 |

**1901年印度人口普查**是英屬印度自1871年以來的第4次人口普查，普查在1901年3月1日舉行。和前次普查比較，印度在1896–97年與1899–1900年經歷了飢饉，造成中央省、孟買、拉傑普塔納與海得拉巴等地區的人口減少。

本次普查由赫伯特·瑞斯利 (Herbert Hope Risley)負責。瑞斯利先前在孟加拉從事部落與種姓的研究，本次普查首次正式將所有印度教人口以種姓制度分類，而不像前次普查是以職業分類。

## 調查結果

人口金字塔 (1901年普查)| 男性 | 年齡 | 女性 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 6,956,311  |  60+  | 7,994,950  |
| 2,644,466  |  55-59  | 2,429,967  |
| 6,530,923  |  50-54  | 6,510,257  |
| 5,532,217  | 45-49  | 4,879,297  |
| 9,686,923  | 40-44  | 9,383,634  |
| 9,093,537  | 35-39  | 8,023,420  |
| 12,672,440  | 30-34  | 12,249,131  |
| 13,133,437  | 25-29  | 12,875,024  |
| 11,757,643  | 20-24  | 12,834,857  |
| 12,942,322  | 15-19  | 12,017,833  |
| 18,880,658  | 10-14  | 15,566,718  |
| 20,831,085  | 5-9  | 19,895,462  |
| 18,735,774  | 0-4  | 19,268,997  |

### 邦國別人口

印度帝國的總面積約為1,766,597平方英里（4,575,000平方公里），其中英屬印度1,087,204平方英里（2,816,000平方公里），其他土邦佔679,393平方英里（1,760,000平方公里），英屬印度最大的省份是緬甸 (236,738平方英里（613,100平方公里）)，最大的土邦是海德拉巴 (82,698平方英里（214,200平方公里）)。

英屬印度人口密度 (1909年)

| №
 | 邦國
 | State | 1901年普查
 | 1891年普查
 | 變化率
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1
 |  英属印度 (下詳)
 | British India | 231,899,507
 | 221,239,515
 | ▲ 4.8%
 |
| 2
 |  海得拉巴國
 | Hyderabad (princely) State | 11,141,142
 | 11,537,040
 | ▼ -3.4%
 |
| 3
 |  邁索爾王國
 | Mysore (princely) State | 5,539,399
 | 4,943,604
 | ▲ 12.1%
 |
| 4
 |  特拉凡哥爾國
 | Travancore (princely) State | 2,952,157
 | 2,557,736
 | ▲ 15.4%
 |
| 5
 |  瓜廖爾國
 | Gwalior (princely) State | 2,933,001
 | 3,378,774
 | ▼ -13.2%
 |
| 6
 |  克什米爾國
 | Kashmir (princely) State | 2,905,578
 | 2,543,952
 | ▲ 14.2%
 |
| 7
 |  齋浦爾國
 | Jaipur (princely) State | 2,658,666
 | 2,823,966
 | ▼ -5.9%
 |
| 8
 |  巴羅達國
 | Baroda (princely) State | 1,952,692
 | 2,415,396
 | ▼ -19.2%
 |
| 9
 |  久德浦國
 | Marwar (princely) State | 1,935,565
 | 2,528,178
 | ▼ -23.4%
 |
| 10
 |  雷瓦國
 | Riwa (princely) State | 1,327,385
 | 1,508,943
 | ▼ -12.0%
 |
| 11
 |  烏代浦國
 | Mewar (princely) State | 1,030,212
 | 1,728,697
 | ▼ -40.4%
 |
| 12
 |  印多爾國
 | Indore (princely) State | 850,690
 | 1,099,990
 | ▼ -22.7%
 |
| 13
 |  阿爾瓦爾國
 | Alwar (princely) State | 828,487
 | 767,786
 | ▲ 7.9%
 |
| 14
 |  柯欽國
 | Cochin (princely) State | 812,025
 | 722,906
 | ▲ 6.1%
 |
| 15
 |  博帕爾國
 | Bhopal (princely) State | 665,961
 | 952,486
 | ▼ -30.1%
 |
|  | 其他550國
 | Other Native States | 24,018,578
 | 25,652,571
 | ▼ -6.4%
 |
|  | 印度帝國
 | Indian Empire | 294,361,056
 | 287,314,671
 | ▲ 2.5%
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

英屬印度諸省
| №
 | 省
 | Province | 1901年普查
 | 1891年普查
 | 變化率
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1
 | 孟加拉管轄區
 | Bengal Presidency | 74,744,866
 | 71,346,961
 | ▲ 4.8%
 |
| 2
 | 阿格拉和奧德省
 | United Provinces of Agra & Oudh | 47,691,782
 | 46,904,791
 | ▲ 1.7%
 |
| 3
 | 馬德拉斯管轄區
 | Madras Presidency | 38,209,436
 | 35,630,440
 | ▲ 7.2%
 |
| 4
 | 旁遮普
 | Punjab | 20,330,339
 | 19,009,343
 | ▲ 6.9%
 |
| 5
 | 孟買管轄區
 | Bombay Presidency | 18,515,587
 | 18,834,235
 | ▼ -1.7%
 |
| 6
 | 緬甸
 | Burma | 10,490,624
 | 7,722,053
 | ▲ 35.9%
 |
| 7
 | 中央省
 | Central Provinces | 9,876,646
 | 10,784,294
 | ▼ -8.4%
 |
| 8
 | 阿薩姆
 | Assam | 6,126,343
 | 5,477,302
 | ▲ 11.8%
 |
| 9
 | 貝喇爾
 | Berar | 2,754,016
 | 2,897,491
 | ▼ -5.0%
 |
| 10
 | 西北邊境省
 | North-West Frontier Province | 2,125,480
 | 1,857,504
 | ▲ 14.4%
 |
| 11
 | 阿杰米爾-梅爾華拉
 | Ajmer-Merwara | 476,912
 | 542,358
 | ▼ -12.1%
 |
| 12
 | 俾路支斯坦
 | Baluchistan | 308,246
 |  |  |
| 13
 | 庫格
 | Coorg | 180,607
 | 173,055
 | ▲ 4.4%
 |
| 14
 | 亞丁
 | Aden | 43,974
 | 44,079
 | ▼ -0.2%
 |
| 15
 | 安達曼-尼科巴群島
 | Andamans & Nicobars | 24,649
 | 15,609
 | ▲ 57.9%
 |
|  |  英属印度
 | British India | 231,899,507
 | 221,239,515
 | ▲ 4.8%
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

### 主要城市

| №
 | 城市
 | City | 邦、省
 | 1901年普查
 | 1891年普查
 | 變化率
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1
 | 加爾各答
 | Calcutta & Fort |  孟加拉
 | 847,796
 | 682,305
 | ▲ 24.3%
 |
| 2
 | 孟買
 | Bombay & Cant. |  孟買
 | 776,006
 | 821,764
 | ▼ -5.6%
 |
| 3
 | 馬德拉斯
 | Madras & Cant. |  馬德拉斯
 | 509,346
 | 452,518
 | ▲ 12.6%
 |
| 4
 | 海得拉巴
 | Hyderabad & Cant. |  海得拉巴
 | 448,466
 | 415,039
 | ▲ 8.1%
 |
| 5
 | 勒克瑙
 | Lucknow & Cant. |  聯合省
 | 264,049
 | 273,028
 | ▼ -3.3%
 |
| 6
 | 仰光
 | Rangoon & Cant. |  緬甸
 | 234,881
 | 180,324
 | ▲ 30.3%
 |
| 7
 | 貝拿勒斯
 | Benares & Cant. |  聯合省
 | 209,331
 | 219,467
 | ▼ -4.6%
 |
| 8
 | 德里
 | Delhi & Cant. |  旁遮普
 | 208,575
 | 192,579
 | ▲ 8.3%
 |
| 9
 | 拉合爾
 | Lahore & Cant. |  旁遮普
 | 202,964
 | 176,854
 | ▲ 14.8%
 |
| 10
 | 孔坡
 | Cawnpore & Cant. |  聯合省
 | 197,170
 | 188,712
 | ▲ 4.5%
 |
| 11
 | 阿格拉
 | Agra & Cant. |  聯合省
 | 188,022
 | 168,662
 | ▲ 11.5%
 |
| 12
 | 艾哈邁達巴德
 | Ahmedabad & Cant. |  孟買
 | 185,889
 | 148,412
 | ▲ 25.3%
 |
| 13
 | 曼德勒
 | Mandalay & Cant. |  緬甸
 | 183,816
 | 188,815
 | ▼ -2.6%
 |
| 14
 | 安拉阿巴德
 | Allahabad & Cant. |  聯合省
 | 172,032
 | 175,246
 | ▼ -1.8%
 |
| 15
 | 阿姆利則
 | Amritsar & Cant. |  旁遮普
 | 162,429
 | 136,766
 | ▲ 18.8%
 |
| 16
 | 齋浦爾
 | Jaipur |  齋浦爾
 | 160,167
 | 158,787
 | ▲ 0.9%
 |
| 17
 | 邦加羅爾
 | Bangalore City |  邁索爾
 | 159,046
 | 180,366
 | ▼ -11.8%
 |
| 18
 | 浦那
 | Poona & Cant. |  孟買
 | 153,320
 | 161,390
 | ▼ -5.0%
 |
| 19
 | 巴特那
 | Patna |  孟加拉
 | 134,785
 | 165,192
 | ▼ -18.4%
 |
| 20
 | 巴雷利
 | Bareilly & Cant. |  聯合省
 | 131,208
 | 121,039
 | ▲ 8.4%
 |

### 語言使用人口

| №
 | 語言
 | Language | 1901年普查
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1
 | 孟加拉語
 | Bengali | 44,624,048
 |
| 2
 | 西印地語
 | Western Hindi | 39,367,779
 |
| 3
 | 比哈爾語
 | Bihari | 37,076,990
 |
| 4
 | 東印地語
 | Eastern Hindi | 20,986,358
 |
| 5
 | 泰盧固語
 | Telugu or Andhra | 20,696,872
 |
| 6
 | 馬拉地語
 | Marathi | 18,237,899
 |
| 7
 | 旁遮普語
 | Panjabi | 17,070,961
 |
| 8
 | 泰米爾語
 | Tamil or Arava | 16,525,500
 |
| 9
 | 拉賈斯坦語
 | Rajasthani | 10,917,712
 |
| 10
 | 卡納達語
 | Kanarese | 10,365,047
 |
| 11
 | 古吉拉特語
 | Gujarati | 9,928,501
 |
| 12
 | 奥里亞語
 | Oriya | 9,687,429
 |
| 13
 | 緬甸語
 | Burmese | 7,474,896
 |
| 14
 | 馬拉雅拉姆語
 | Malayalam | 6,029,304
 |
| 15
 |  | Lahnda | 3,337,917
 |
| 16
 | 信德語
 | Sindhi | 3,006,395
 |
| 17
 | 桑塔利語
 | Santali or Hor | 1,790,521
 |
| 18
 | 西帕哈里語
 | Western Pahari | 1,710,029
 |
| 19
 | 阿薩姆語
 | Assamese | 1,350,846
 |
| 20
 | 中帕哈里語
 | Central Pahari | 1,270,931
 |

### 宗教信仰

英屬印度宗教分佈 (1909年)

| №
 | 宗教信仰
 | Religion | 1901年普查
 | 1891年普查
 | 變化率
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1
 | 印度教
 | Hindu | 207,147,026
 | 207,731,727
 | ▼ -0.3%
 |
| 2
 | 伊斯蘭教
 | Muhammadan | 62,458,077
 | 57,321,164
 | ▲ 9.0%
 |
| 3
 | 佛教
 | Buddhist | 9,476,759
 | 7,131,361
 | ▲ 32.9%
 |
| 4
 | 萬物有靈論
 | Animistic | 8,584,148
 | 9,280,467
 | ▼ -7.5%
 |
| 5
 | 基督教
 | Christian | 2,923,241
 | 2,284,380
 | ▲ 28.0%
 |
| 6
 | 錫克教
 | Sikh | 2,195,339
 | 1,907,833
 | ▲ 15.1%
 |
| 7
 | 耆那教
 | Jain | 1,334,148
 | 1,416,638
 | ▼ -5.8%
 |
| 8
 | 瑣羅亞斯德教
 | Zoroastrian | 94,190
 | 89,904
 | ▲ 4.8%
 |
| 9
 | 猶太教
 | Jews | 18,228
 | 17,194
 | ▲ 6.0%
 |
|  | 其他信仰
 | Minor Religions & Religions not returned | 129,900
 | 42,763
 | ▲ 203.8%
 |

### 種姓別人口

種姓是印度的封建階級制度，本次普查共紀錄1646個種姓。

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|

| 種姓
 | Caste | 孟加拉
 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 人數
 | %
 |
| 婆羅門 | 婆羅門
 | Brahman | 1,162,547
 | 6.1
 |
| 高於清白 首陀羅 | 卡雅斯塔
 | Kayastha | 982,026
 | 5.1
 |
| 拉其普特
 | Rajput | 113,405
 | 0.6
 |
| 清白首陀 羅 | 沙德坡
 | Sadgop | 578,473
 | 3.0
 |
|  | Napit | 461,540
 | 2.4
 |
| 鐡里
 | Teli and Tili | 395,033
 | 2.1
 |
| 坦提
 | Tanti | 305,399
 | 1.6
 |
|  | Kamar | 288,474
 | 1.5
 |
| 墮落的婆 羅門 |  | Chasi Kaibartta | 1,938,584
 | 10.1
 |
|  | Goala | 624,583
 | 3.3
 |
| 以上種姓 不能從其 手中取水 |  | Baistam | 466,757
 | 2.4
 |
|  | Sunri or Shaha | 425,566
 | 2.2
 |
|  | Jugi | 342,142
 | 1.8
 |
| 戒牛、豬 與禽肉的 低種姓 |  | Rajbansi and Koch | 2,065,982
 | 10.8
 |
|  | Namasudra | 1,860,914
 | 9.7
 |
|  | Bagdi | 1,032,004
 | 5.4
 |
|  | Pod | 464,921
 | 2.4
 |
|  | Jeliya Kaibartta | 447,237
 | 2.3
 |
|  | Paliya | 289,501
 | 1.5
 |
| 不潔的 飼養者 |  | Muchi | 439,622
 | 2.3
 |
|  | Bauri | 309,274
 | 1.6
 |
| 總計
 | Bengal Proper | 19,174,509
 |

 |

| 種姓
 | Caste | 比哈爾
 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 人數
 | %
 |
| 婆羅門 | 婆羅門
 | Brahman | 1,083,701
 | 5.4
 |
| 其他再生 族 | 拉其普特
 | Rajput | 1,163,175
 | 5.8
 |
|  | Babhan | 1,144,162
 | 5.8
 |
| 卡雅斯塔
 | Kayastha | 328,463
 | 1.7
 |
| 清白首陀 羅 |  | Ahir (Goala) | 2,832,518
 | 14.2
 |
| 柯里
 | Koiri | 1,267,009
 | 6.4
 |
| 庫爾米
 | Kurmi | 976,111
 | 4.9
 |
| 達努克
 | Dhanuk | 593,539
 | 3.0
 |
| 卡哈爾
 | Kahar | 585,155
 | 2.9
 |
|  | Kandu | 507,068
 | 2.5
 |
| 哈賈姆
 | Hajjam | 380,286
 | 1.9
 |
| 洛哈
 | Lohar | 285,927
 | 1.4
 |
| 庫姆哈爾
 | Kumhar | 281,736
 | 1.4
 |
| 次等首陀 羅 | 鐡里
 | Teli | 671,887
 | 3.4
 |
|  | Mallah | 389,298
 | 2.0
 |
|  | Nuniya | 343,379
 | 1.7
 |
| 不潔的種 姓 |  | Dosadh | 1,175,871
 | 5.9
 |
| 恰馬爾
 | Chamar | 941,322
 | 4.7
 |
| 穆薩哈爾
 | Musahar | 605,491
 | 3.0
 |
|  | Tatwa | 424,889
 | 2.1
 |
| 拾荒者與 食餿者 | 多姆
 | Dom | 124,977
 | 0.6
 |
| 總計
 | Bihar | 19,888,137
 |

 |

| 種姓
 | Caste | 奧里薩
 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 人數
 | %
 |
| 婆羅門 | 婆羅門
 | Brahman | 494,681
 | 9.6
 |
| 其他再生 族 | 甘達亞特
 | Khandait | 718,848
 | 14.0
 |
|  | Karan | 189,486
 | 3.7
 |
| 清白首陀 羅 |  | Chasa | 845,773
 | 16.4
 |
|  | Gaura | 430,637
 | 8.4
 |
|  | Guria | 139,714
 | 2.7
 |
| 班達里
 | Bhandari | 101,970
 | 2.0
 |
|  | Sudha | 67,769
 | 1.3
 |
| 洛哈
 | Kamar | 61,177
 | 1.2
 |
|  | Barhi | 51,024
 | 1.0
 |
|  | Raju | 50,950
 | 1.0
 |
| 不潔首陀 羅 | 坦提
 | Tanti | 168,748
 | 3.3
 |
|  | Gola | 61,717
 | 1.2
 |
| 接觸不潔 的種姓 | 鐡里
 | Teli | 209,064
 | 4.1
 |
| 克瓦特
 | Kewat | 154,932
 | 3.0
 |
| 庫姆哈爾
 | Kumhar | 80,639
 | 1.6
 |
| 吃禽肉與 喝烈酒的 種姓 |  | Bauri | 160,474
 | 3.1
 |
|  | Kandra | 151,360
 | 2.9
 |
| 多巴
 | Dhoba | 108,898
 | 2.1
 |
| 吃牛肉者 與拾荒者 |  | Pan | 373,505
 | 7.3
 |
| 總計
 | Orissa | 5,146,640
 |

 |

## 參考文獻

* （英文）Risley, H.H. & Gait, E.A. Report on the Census of India, 1901. Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing. 1903.