# 鉛的同位素[编辑]

主要的鉛同位素|

| 同位素
 | 衰變
 |
| --- | --- |
|  | 丰度
 | 半衰期 (*t*1/2) | 方式
 | 能量 （MeV）
 | 產物
 |
| 202Pb
 | 人造
 | 5.25×104 年 | ε
 | 0.039
 | 202Tl
 |
| 204Pb
 | 1.4%
 | 穩定，帶122粒中子
 |
| 205Pb
 | 痕量
 | 1.70×107 年 | ε
 | 0.051
 | 205Tl
 |
| 206Pb
 | 24.1%
 | 穩定，帶124粒中子
 |
| 207Pb
 | 22.1%
 | 穩定，帶125粒中子
 |
| 208Pb
 | 52.4%
 | 穩定，帶126粒中子
 |
| 209Pb
 | 痕量
 | 3.235 小時 | β− | 0.644
 | 209Bi
 |
| 210Pb
 | 痕量
 | 22.20 年 | β− | 0.064
 | 210Bi
 |
| 211Pb
 | 痕量
 | 36.1628 分鐘 | β− | 1.366
 | 211Bi
 |
| 212Pb
 | 痕量
 | 10.627 小時 | β− | 0.569
 | 212Bi
 |
| 214Pb
 | 痕量
 | 27.06 分鐘 | β− | 1.018
 | 214Bi
 |

天然鉛樣品中，同位素的豐度有很大的變化量 |
| 標準原子質量 (*A*r, 標準) | * [206.14, 207.94]
 |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| ←Tl（81） | Bi（83）→ |

 |
|

**鉛**有178Pb至220Pb共43种同位素，其中4個（204Pb、206Pb、207Pb、208Pb）是穩定的。208
Pb
在所有的穩定同位素中，質量數最大。208
Pb
是一个双幻数核，分别为82个质子和126个中子。

## 圖表

| 符號
 | 歷史 名稱
 | Z
 | N
 | 同位素質量（u）
 | 半衰期
 | 衰變 方式
 | 衰變 產物
 | 原子核 自旋
 | 相對豐度 （莫耳分率）
 | 相對豐度 的變化量 （莫耳分率）
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 激發能量
 |
| 178Pb
 |  | 82
 | 96
 | 178.003830(26)
 | 0.23(15) ms
 | α
 | 174Hg
 | 0+
 |  |  |
| 179Pb
 |  | 82
 | 97
 | 179.00215(21)#
 | 3.9(1.1) ms
 | α
 | 175Hg
 | (9/2−)
 |  |  |
| 180Pb
 |  | 82
 | 98
 | 179.997918(22)
 | 4.5(11) ms
 | α
 | 176Hg
 | 0+
 |  |  |
| 181Pb
 |  | 82
 | 99
 | 180.99662(10)
 | 45(20) ms
 | α (98%)
 | 177Hg
 | 5/2−#
 |  |  |
| β+ (2%)
 | 181Tl
 |
| 182Pb
 |  | 82
 | 100
 | 181.992672(15)
 | 60(40) ms [55(+40−35) ms]
 | α (98%)
 | 178Hg
 | 0+
 |  |  |
| β+ (2%)
 | 182Tl
 |
| 183Pb
 |  | 82
 | 101
 | 182.99187(3)
 | 535(30) ms
 | α (94%)
 | 179Hg
 | (3/2−)
 |  |  |
| β+ (6%)
 | 183Tl
 |
| 183mPb
 |  | 94(8) keV
 | 415(20) ms
 | α
 | 179Hg
 | (13/2+)
 |  |  |
| β+ （不常見）
 | 183Tl
 |
| 184Pb
 |  | 82
 | 102
 | 183.988142(15)
 | 490(25) ms
 | α
 | 180Hg
 | 0+
 |  |  |
| β+ （不常見）
 | 184Tl
 |
| 185Pb
 |  | 82
 | 103
 | 184.987610(17)
 | 6.3(4) s
 | α
 | 181Hg
 | 3/2−
 |  |  |
| β+ （不常見）
 | 185Tl
 |
| 185mPb
 |  | 60(40)# keV
 | 4.07(15) s
 | α
 | 181Hg
 | 13/2+
 |  |  |
| β+ （不常見）
 | 185Tl
 |
| 186Pb
 |  | 82
 | 104
 | 185.984239(12)
 | 4.82(3) s
 | α (56%)
 | 182Hg
 | 0+
 |  |  |
| β+ (44%)
 | 186Tl
 |
| 187Pb
 |  | 82
 | 105
 | 186.983918(9)
 | 15.2(3) s
 | β+ | 187Tl
 | (3/2−)
 |  |  |
| α
 | 183Hg
 |
| 187mPb
 |  | 11(11) keV
 | 18.3(3) s
 | β+ (98%)
 | 187Tl
 | (13/2+)
 |  |  |
| α (2%)
 | 183Hg
 |
| 188Pb
 |  | 82
 | 106
 | 187.980874(11)
 | 25.5(1) s
 | β+ (91.5%)
 | 188Tl
 | 0+
 |  |  |
| α (8.5%)
 | 184Hg
 |
| 188m1Pb
 |  | 2578.2(7) keV
 | 830(210) ns
 |  |  | (8−)
 |  |  |
| 188m2Pb
 |  | 2800(50) keV
 | 797(21) ns
 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 189Pb
 |  | 82
 | 107
 | 188.98081(4)
 | 51(3) s
 | β+ | 189Tl
 | (3/2−)
 |  |  |
| 189mPb
 |  | 40(30)# keV
 | 1# min
 | β+ (99.6%)
 | 189Tl
 | (13/2+)
 |  |  |
| α (.4%)
 | 185Hg
 |
| 190Pb
 |  | 82
 | 108
 | 189.978082(13)
 | 71(1) s
 | β+ (99.1%)
 | 190Tl
 | 0+
 |  |  |
| α (.9%)
 | 186Hg
 |
| 190m1Pb
 |  | 2614.8(8) keV
 | 150 ns
 |  |  | (10)+
 |  |  |
| 190m2Pb
 |  | 2618(20) keV
 | 25 µs
 |  |  | (12+)
 |  |  |
| 190m3Pb
 |  | 2658.2(8) keV
 | 7.2(6) µs
 |  |  | (11)−
 |  |  |
| 191Pb
 |  | 82
 | 109
 | 190.97827(4)
 | 1.33(8) min
 | β+ (99.987%)
 | 191Tl
 | (3/2−)
 |  |  |
| α (.013%)
 | 187Hg
 |
| 191mPb
 |  | 20(50) keV
 | 2.18(8) min
 | β+ (99.98%)
 | 191Tl
 | 13/2(+)
 |  |  |
| α (.02%)
 | 187Hg
 |
| 192Pb
 |  | 82
 | 110
 | 191.975785(14)
 | 3.5(1) min
 | β+ (99.99%)
 | 192Tl
 | 0+
 |  |  |
| α (.0061%)
 | 188Hg
 |
| 192m1Pb
 |  | 2581.1(1) keV
 | 164(7) ns
 |  |  | (10)+
 |  |  |
| 192m2Pb
 |  | 2625.1(11) keV
 | 1.1(5) µs
 |  |  | (12+)
 |  |  |
| 192m3Pb
 |  | 2743.5(4) keV
 | 756(21) ns
 |  |  | (11)−
 |  |  |
| 193Pb
 |  | 82
 | 111
 | 192.97617(5)
 | 5# min
 | β+ | 193Tl
 | (3/2−)
 |  |  |
| 193m1Pb
 |  | 130(80)# keV
 | 5.8(2) min
 | β+ | 193Tl
 | 13/2(+)
 |  |  |
| 193m2Pb
 |  | 2612.5(5)+X keV
 | 135(+25−15) ns
 |  |  | (33/2+)
 |  |  |
| 194Pb
 |  | 82
 | 112
 | 193.974012(19)
 | 12.0(5) min
 | β+ (100%)
 | 194Tl
 | 0+
 |  |  |
| α (7.3×10−6%)
 | 190Hg
 |
| 195Pb
 |  | 82
 | 113
 | 194.974542(25)
 | ~15 min
 | β+ | 195Tl
 | 3/2#-
 |  |  |
| 195m1Pb
 |  | 202.9(7) keV
 | 15.0(12) min
 | β+ | 195Tl
 | 13/2+
 |  |  |
| 195m2Pb
 |  | 1759.0(7) keV
 | 10.0(7) µs
 |  |  | 21/2−
 |  |  |
| 196Pb
 |  | 82
 | 114
 | 195.972774(15)
 | 37(3) min
 | β+ | 196Tl
 | 0+
 |  |  |
| α (3×10−5%)
 | 192Hg
 |
| 196m1Pb
 |  | 1049.20(9) keV
 | <100 ns
 |  |  | 2+
 |  |  |
| 196m2Pb
 |  | 1738.27(12) keV
 | <1 µs
 |  |  | 4+
 |  |  |
| 196m3Pb
 |  | 1797.51(14) keV
 | 140(14) ns
 |  |  | 5−
 |  |  |
| 196m4Pb
 |  | 2693.5(5) keV
 | 270(4) ns
 |  |  | (12+)
 |  |  |
| 197Pb
 |  | 82
 | 115
 | 196.973431(6)
 | 8.1(17) min
 | β+ | 197Tl
 | 3/2−
 |  |  |
| 197m1Pb
 |  | 319.31(11) keV
 | 42.9(9) min
 | β+ (81%)
 | 197Tl
 | 13/2+
 |  |  |
| IT (19%)
 | 197Pb
 |
| α (3×10−4%)
 | 193Hg
 |
| 197m2Pb
 |  | 1914.10(25) keV
 | 1.15(20) µs
 |  |  | 21/2−
 |  |  |
| 198Pb
 |  | 82
 | 116
 | 197.972034(16)
 | 2.4(1) h
 | β+ | 198Tl
 | 0+
 |  |  |
| 198m1Pb
 |  | 2141.4(4) keV
 | 4.19(10) µs
 |  |  | (7)−
 |  |  |
| 198m2Pb
 |  | 2231.4(5) keV
 | 137(10) ns
 |  |  | (9)−
 |  |  |
| 198m3Pb
 |  | 2820.5(7) keV
 | 212(4) ns
 |  |  | (12)+
 |  |  |
| 199Pb
 |  | 82
 | 117
 | 198.972917(28)
 | 90(10) min
 | β+ | 199Tl
 | 3/2−
 |  |  |
| 199m1Pb
 |  | 429.5(27) keV
 | 12.2(3) min
 | IT (93%)
 | 199Pb
 | (13/2+)
 |  |  |
| β+ (7%)
 | 199Tl
 |
| 199m2Pb
 |  | 2563.8(27) keV
 | 10.1(2) µs
 |  |  | (29/2−)
 |  |  |
| 200Pb
 |  | 82
 | 118
 | 199.971827(12)
 | 21.5(4) h
 | β+ | 200Tl
 | 0+
 |  |  |
| 201Pb
 |  | 82
 | 119
 | 200.972885(24)
 | 9.33(3) h
 | ε (99%)
 | 201Pb
 | 5/2−
 |  |  |
| β+ (1%)
 | 201Tl
 |
| 201m1Pb
 |  | 629.14(17) keV
 | 61(2) s
 |  |  | 13/2+
 |  |  |
| 201m2Pb
 |  | 2718.5+X keV
 | 508(5) ns
 |  |  | (29/2−)
 |  |  |
| 202Pb
 |  | 82
 | 120
 | 201.972159(9)
 | 52.5(28)×103 y
 | ε
 | 202Tl
 | 0+
 |  |  |
| 202m1Pb
 |  | 2169.83(7) keV
 | 3.53(1) h
 | IT (90.5%)
 | 202Pb
 | 9−
 |  |  |
| ε (9.5%)
 | 202Tl
 |
| 202m2Pb
 |  | 4142.9(11) keV
 | 110(5) ns
 |  |  | (16+)
 |  |  |
| 202m3Pb
 |  | 5345.9(13) keV
 | 107(5) ns
 |  |  | (19−)
 |  |  |
| 203Pb
 |  | 82
 | 121
 | 202.973391(7)
 | 51.873(9) h
 | ε
 | **203Tl** | 5/2−
 |  |  |
| 203m1Pb
 |  | 825.20(9) keV
 | 6.21(8) s
 | IT
 | 203Pb
 | 13/2+
 |  |  |
| 203m2Pb
 |  | 2949.47(22) keV
 | 480(7) ms
 |  |  | 29/2−
 |  |  |
| 203m3Pb
 |  | 2923.4+X keV
 | 122(4) ns
 |  |  | (25/2−)
 |  |  |
| 204Pb
 |  | 82
 | 122
 | 203.9730436(13)
 | **觀測上穩定** | 0+
 | 0.014(1)
 | 0.0104–0.0165
 |
| 204m1Pb
 |  | 1274.00(4) keV
 | 265(10) ns
 |  |  | 4+
 |  |  |
| 204m2Pb
 |  | 2185.79(5) keV
 | 67.2(3) min
 |  |  | 9−
 |  |  |
| 204m3Pb
 |  | 2264.33(4) keV
 | 0.45(+10−3) µs
 |  |  | 7−
 |  |  |
| 205Pb
 |  | 82
 | 123
 | 204.9744818(13)
 | 15.3(7)×106 y
 | ε
 | **205Tl** | 5/2−
 |  |  |
| 205m1Pb
 |  | 2.329(7) keV
 | 24.2(4) µs
 |  |  | 1/2−
 |  |  |
| 205m2Pb
 |  | 1013.839(13) keV
 | 5.55(2) ms
 |  |  | 13/2+
 |  |  |
| 205m3Pb
 |  | 3195.7(5) keV
 | 217(5) ns
 |  |  | 25/2−
 |  |  |
| 206Pb
 | Radium G
 | 82
 | 124
 | 205.9744653(13)
 | **觀測上穩定** | 0+
 | 0.241(1)
 | 0.2084–0.2748
 |
| 206m1Pb
 |  | 2200.14(4) keV
 | 125(2) µs
 |  |  | 7−
 |  |  |
| 206m2Pb
 |  | 4027.3(7) keV
 | 202(3) ns
 |  |  | 12+
 |  |  |
| 207Pb
 | Actinium D
 | 82
 | 125
 | 206.9758969(13)
 | **觀測上穩定** | 1/2−
 | 0.221(1)
 | 0.1762–0.2365
 |
| 207mPb
 |  | 1633.368(5) keV
 | 806(6) ms
 | IT
 | **207Pb** | 13/2+
 |  |  |
| 208Pb
 | Thorium D
 | 82
 | 126
 | 207.9766521(13)
 | **觀測上穩定** | 0+
 | 0.524(1)
 | 0.5128–0.5621
 |
| 208mPb
 |  | 4895(2) keV
 | 500(10) ns
 |  |  | 10+
 |  |  |
| 209Pb
 |  | 82
 | 127
 | 208.9810901(19)
 | 3.253(14) h
 | β− | 209Bi | 9/2+
 | 痕量
 |  |
| 210Pb
 | Radium D Radiolead Radio-lead
 | 82
 | 128
 | 209.9841885(16)
 | 22.20(22) y
 | β− (100%)
 | 210Bi
 | 0+
 | 痕量
 |  |
| α (1.9×10−6%)
 | 206Hg
 |
| 210mPb
 |  | 1278(5) keV
 | 201(17) ns
 |  |  | 8+
 |  |  |
| 211Pb
 | Actinium B
 | 82
 | 129
 | 210.9887370(29)
 | 36.1(2) min
 | β− | 211Bi
 | 9/2+
 | 痕量
 |  |
| 212Pb
 | Thorium B
 | 82
 | 130
 | 211.9918975(24)
 | 10.64(1) h
 | β− | 212Bi
 | 0+
 | 痕量
 |  |
| 212mPb
 |  | 1335(10) keV
 | 5(1) µs
 |  |  | (8+)
 |  |  |
| 213Pb
 |  | 82
 | 131
 | 212.996581(8)
 | 10.2(3) min
 | β− | 213Bi
 | (9/2+)
 |  |  |
| 214Pb
 | Radium B
 | 82
 | 132
 | 213.9998054(26)
 | 26.8(9) min
 | β− | 214Bi
 | 0+
 | 痕量
 |  |
| 214mPb
 |  | 1420(20) keV
 | 6.2(0.3) μs
 | IT
 | 212Pb
 | 8+#
 |  |  |
| 215Pb
 |  | 82
 | 133
 | 215.004660(60)
 | 2.34(0.19) min
 | β− | 215Bi
 | 9/2+#
 |  |  |
| 216Pb
 |  | 82
 | 134
 | 216.008030(210)#
 | 1.65(0.2) min
 | β− | 216Bi
 | 0+
 |  |  |
| 216mPb
 |  | 1514(20) keV
 | 400(40) ns
 | IT
 | 216Pb
 | 8+#
 |  |  |
| 217Pb
 |  | 82
 | 135
 | 217.013140(320)#
 | 20(5) s
 | β− | 217Bi
 | 9/2+#
 |  |  |
| 218Pb
 |  | 82
 | 136
 | 218.016590(320)#
 | 15(7) s
 | β− | 218Bi
 | 0+
 |  |  |
| 219Pb
 |  | 82
 | 137
 | 219.02214(43)#
 | 3# s [>300 ns]
 |  |  | 11/2+#
 |  |  |
| 220Pb
 |  | 82
 | 138
 | 220.02591(43)#
 | 1# s [>300 ns]
 |  |  | 0+
 |  |  |

## 铅-212

212Pb可用于α粒子标靶治疗。

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| ←
 | 同位素列表
 | →
 |
| 鉈的同位素
 | **鉛的同位素** | 鉍的同位素
 |

## 参考文獻

* Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in *Nuclear Physics* A729 (2003).
* Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. *Pure Appl. Chem.* Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
* Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
	+ Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
	+ National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (retrieved Sept. 2005).
	+ David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in *CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition*, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.