# 桓石虔[编辑]

**桓石虔**（4世紀—388年），表字不詳，小字**鎮惡**，谯国龙亢（今安徽怀远）人。晋朝重要將領，桓彝之孙，桓豁之子，以勇猛矯捷聞名，官至豫州刺史。

## 生平

### 勇猛怖敵

桓石虔有才幹，矯健敏捷更是無與倫比。其父桓豁自升平五年（361年）起出駐荊州，桓石虔亦跟隨。一次圍捕狩獵活動中，有一猛獸中了數支箭，伏在地上，眾將向來知道桓石虔勇猛，於是戲弄他，要他去拔箭。桓石虔迅速到了猛獸旁並拔了一箭，猛獸跳起，桓石虔也跳起，跳得比猛獸還高，及至猛獸落地再伏下，桓石虔再拔一箭才離開。

永和十年（354年），桓溫北伐，桓石虔亦隨軍進攻前秦。在一場戰事中，叔父桓沖被前秦丞相苻雄所圍，快要被俘，桓石虔竟乘馬突入，從亂軍中救回桓沖，竟沒有人敢阻截他，威震敵軍。因为他的勇猛，对疟疾的人大喊一声：“桓石虔来了”，患病的人多數會被吓好，可見人們對桓石虔的畏懼。

### 屢建戰功

太和四年（369年），袁真以壽春叛歸前燕，桓石虔以寧遠將軍、南頓太守率眾攻打壽春，攻克了南城。太和六年（371年），前秦派了王鑒及張蚝來救援堅守壽春的袁瑾，桓石虔與桓伊等人迎擊，在石橋擊敗王鑒，獲五百匹戰馬。後桓石虔任竟陵太守。

寧康元年（373年），前秦攻佔了蜀地，梁、益二州皆失。但次年（374年）就有蜀人張育叛秦並圍攻成都，派使者到東晉稱藩。當時朝廷就派了桓石虔及益州刺史竺瑤領三萬兵進攻墊江。雖然張育不久就被前秦所滅，但桓石虔卻在墊江擊敗了駐屯當地的前秦寧州刺史姚萇，令其退守五城，而桓石虔就與竺瑤回屯巴東郡。

太元三年（378年），前秦出兵侵略淮南地區，朝廷下詔授桓石虔為奮威將軍、南平太守。不久進號冠軍將軍。太元六年（381年），前秦荊州刺史都貴率閻振和吳仲攻竟陵，桓沖派桓石虔和桓石民去抵抗，並擊敗敵軍，逼令其退守管城，以滶水阻拒晉軍。桓石虔卻以計夜渡滶水，到對岸後敵軍才發現，在桓石虔的力戰下終攻下管城，擒獲閻振和吳仲，殺敵七千並俘虜萬人以及大批戰利品。都貴退保襄陽，而桓石虔就加領河東太守。太元八年（383年），桓沖自荊州舉兵攻伐前秦，桓石虔進據樊城，在武當與郭銓擊敗前來救援的前秦兗州刺史張崇，掠二千戶南歸。

太元九年（384年），桓沖去世，豫州刺史桓伊代其出任江州刺史，而桓石虔就冠軍將軍被授以監豫州揚州五郡軍事、豫州刺史。但同年就因母喪而離職，由朱序代任。太元十二年（387年），桓石虔復原職，而朱序已經將治所從姑孰移至馬頭，桓石虔則請改鎮歷陽，獲得准許。

太元十三年（388年），桓石虔去世，朝廷追贈右將軍，又追論其平定閻振的功勳，追封**作唐侯**。

## 子女

* 桓洪，桓石虔長子，襄城太守。
* 桓振，桓洪弟，桓玄篡位敗死後曾攻陷江陵劫持晉安帝，後在與劉懷肅的作戰中被殺。
* 桓誕，桓石虔五子，嗣爵。
* 桓氏，桓振妹，嫁章武王司馬秀。

### 世系圖

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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 楚宣武帝 桓温 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 万宁县贞男 桓云 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 桓豁 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 桓祕 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 宣城宣穆王 桓冲 |  |
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| 桓熙 |  | 桓济 |  | 临贺县王 桓歆 |  | 富阳县王 桓禕 |  | 义兴郡王 桓伟 |  | 王敬弘妻 |  | 楚武悼帝 桓玄 |  | 桓伯子 |  | 王愉妻 |  | 殷仲文妻 |  | 万宁县男 桓序 |  |  |  |  |  | 作塘侯 桓石虔 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 桓石秀 |  | 桓石民 |  | 桓石生 |  | 桓石绥 |  | 桓权 |  | 武陵郡王 桓石康 |  | 桓女幼 |  | 醴陵县王 桓蔚 |  | 桓嗣 |  | 新安郡王 桓谦 |  | 安成郡王 桓脩 |  | 桓崇 |  | 桓弘 |  | 桓羡 |  | 桓怡 |  |
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|  |  |  |  | 桓亮 |  |  |  |  |  | 义兴郡王 桓濬 |  | 西昌县王 桓邈 |  |  |  |  |  | 豫章郡王 桓昇 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 宁都县王 桓放之 |  | 桓洪 |  | 作塘侯 桓诞 |  | 桓振 |  | 司马秀妻 |  | 臨沅縣王 桓稚玉 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 宣城郡王 桓胤 |  |  |  |  |  | 桓尹 |
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## 延伸阅读

 《晉書·卷074》，出自房玄齡《晉書》

* 《資治通鑑》（卷一百三至一百五）
* 《晋书·桓石虔傳》