# 泰卢固文

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | **本文包含印度文字。**如果沒有顯示支持，您可能会看到亂碼或者不正規的元音定位和缺乏連寫。
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| 泰盧固文  |
| --- |
|  |
| 类型 | 元音附標文字 |
| 使用时期 | 大約1500年–現在 |
| 书写方向 | 從左至右  |
| 语言 | 泰盧固語 |
| 相关书写系统 |
| 母系统 | 婆羅米文* 南婆罗米文
	+ 卡丹巴文字
		- 泰盧固文
 |
| 姊妹系统 | 卡納達文 |
| ISO 15924 |
| ISO 15924 | Telu (340), ​Telugu |
| Unicode |
| 别名 | Telugu |
| 范围 | U+0C00–U+0C7F |
|

**泰盧固文**是婆羅米系元音附標文字，用來書寫泰盧固語，它是在南印度安得拉邦和一些臨近邦中使用的中南部達羅毘荼語。泰盧固文派生自泰盧固-卡納達文并與卡納達文同時獨立發展因此看起來很相像。

## 派生自婆羅米文

孔雀王朝所使用的婆羅米文最終抵達了奎師那河三角洲并引發了在盛裝佛陀舍利的瓦罐上的Bhattiprolu文。佛教從Ghantasala和默蘇利珀德姆（托勒密地圖的古代Maisolos和Periplus圖的Masalia）的臨近港口傳播到東亞。Bhattiprolu文的傳播還引發了現代泰文、緬甸文、爪哇文和巴厘文，它們看來很像泰盧固文。Bhattiprolu婆羅米文在公元5世紀演化成了古泰盧固-卡納達文。

穆斯林歷史學家和學者比魯尼稱泰盧固語言文字為Andhri。

## 元音

泰盧固文有14個元音。

| 獨立 | 作క（k）附標 | ISO | IPA
 |  | 獨立 | 作క（k）附標 | ISO | IPA
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| అ | క | a | [ʌ]
 | ఆ | కా | ā | [a:]
 |
| ఇ | కి | i | [i]
 | ఈ | కీ | ī | [i:]
 |
| ఉ | కు | u | [u]
 | ఊ | కూ | ū | [u:]
 |
| ఋ | కృ | r̥ | [rɨ, ru]
 | ౠ | కౄ | r̥̄ | [rɨ:, ru:]
 |
| ఌ |  | l̥ |  | ౡ |  | l̥̄ |  |
| ఎ | కె | e | [e]
 | ఏ | కే | ē | [e:]
 |
| ఒ | కొ | o | [o]
 | ఓ | కో | ō | [o:]
 |
| ఐ | కై | ai | [aj]
 | ఔ | కౌ | au | [aw]
 |

附標用例：

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| ఖ + ఈ（ీ）→ ఖీ | [kʰa] + [iː] → [kʰiː] |
| జ + ఉ（ు）→ జు | [dʒa] + [u] → [dʒu] |

## 輔音

| 字符 | ISO | IPA
 |  | 字符 | ISO | IPA
 |  | 字符 | ISO | IPA
 |  | 字符 | ISO | IPA
 |  | 字符 | ISO | IPA
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| క | k | [k]
 | ఖ | kh | [kʰ]
 | గ | g | [g]
 | ఘ | gh | [gʱ]
 | ఙ | ṅ | [ŋ]
 |
| చ | c | [tʃ]
 | ఛ | ch | [tʃʰ]
 | జ | j | [dʒ]
 | ఝ | jh | [dʒʱ]
 | ఞ | ñ | [ɲ]
 |
| ట | ṭ | [ʈ]
 | ఠ | ṭh | [ʈʰ]
 | డ | ḍ | [ɖ]
 | ఢ | ḍh | [ɖʱ]
 | ణ | ṇ | [ɳ]
 |
| త | t | [t]
 | థ | th | [tʰ]
 | ద | d | [d]
 | ధ | dh | [dʱ]
 | న | n | [n]
 |
| ప | p | [p]
 | ఫ | ph | [pʰ]
 | బ | b | [b]
 | భ | bh | [bʱ]
 | మ | m | [m]
 |
| య | y | [j]
 | ర | r | [r]
 | ల | l | [l]
 | వ | v | [ʋ]
 | ళ | ḷ | [ɭ]
 |
| శ | ś | [ɕ]
 | ష | ṣ | [ʂ]
 | స | s | [s]
 | ఱ | ṛ | [ɽ]
 | హ | h | [h]
 |

## 其他附標

్靜默輔音的固有元音。ం和ఁ鼻音化它所附著的元音或音節。ః在它所附著的元音或音節後增加一個清擦音。

| 實例 | ISO
 |  | 實例 | ISO
 |  | 實例 | ISO
 |  | 實例 | ISO
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| అం | aṁ
 | అఁ | ã
 | అః | aḥ
 | క్ | k
 |

附標用例：

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| క + ్ → క్ | [ka] + [Ø] → [k] |
| క + ఁ → కఁ | [ka] + [n] → [kan] |
| క + ం → కం | [ka] + [m] → [kam] |
| క + ః → కః | [ka] + [h] → [kah] |

## 數字

| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ౦ | ౧ | ౨ | ౩ | ౪ | ౫ | ౬ | ౭ | ౮ | ౯
 |

| 0⁄4 | 1⁄4 | 2⁄4 | 3⁄4 | 0⁄16 | 1⁄16 | 2⁄16 | 3⁄16 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ౸ | ౹ | ౺ | ౻ | ౦ | ౼ | ౽ | ౾
 |

注釋：౹, ౺和౻也用於1⁄64, 2⁄64, 3⁄64, 1⁄1024等，而౼, ౽和౾也用於1⁄256, 2⁄256, 3⁄256, 1⁄4096等。

## Unicode編碼

Unicode給泰盧固文的範圍是U+0C00–U+0C7F。

|  |
| --- |
| **泰盧固文Telugu**[1][2] Unicode Consortium 官方碼表 (PDF)
 |
|  | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F
 |
| U+0C0x
 | ఀ
 | ఁ
 | ం
 | ః
 | ఄ
 | అ
 | ఆ
 | ఇ
 | ఈ
 | ఉ
 | ఊ
 | ఋ
 | ఌ
 |  | ఎ
 | ఏ
 |
| U+0C1x
 | ఐ
 |  | ఒ
 | ఓ
 | ఔ
 | క
 | ఖ
 | గ
 | ఘ
 | ఙ
 | చ
 | ఛ
 | జ
 | ఝ
 | ఞ
 | ట
 |
| U+0C2x
 | ఠ
 | డ
 | ఢ
 | ణ
 | త
 | థ
 | ద
 | ధ
 | న
 |  | ప
 | ఫ
 | బ
 | భ
 | మ
 | య
 |
| U+0C3x
 | ర
 | ఱ
 | ల
 | ళ
 | ఴ
 | వ
 | శ
 | ష
 | స
 | హ
 |  |  | ఼
 | ఽ
 | ా
 | ి
 |
| U+0C4x
 | ీ
 | ు
 | ూ
 | ృ
 | ౄ
 |  | ె
 | ే
 | ై
 |  | ొ
 | ో
 | ౌ
 | ్
 |  |  |
| U+0C5x
 |  |  |  |  |  | ౕ
 | ౖ
 |  | ౘ
 | ౙ
 | ౚ
 |  |  | ౝ
 |  |  |
| U+0C6x
 | ౠ
 | ౡ
 | ౢ
 | ౣ
 |  |  | ౦
 | ౧
 | ౨
 | ౩
 | ౪
 | ౫
 | ౬
 | ౭
 | ౮
 | ౯
 |
| U+0C7x
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ౷
 | ౸
 | ౹
 | ౺
 | ౻
 | ౼
 | ౽
 | ౾
 | ౿
 |
| **注釋**
1.**^** 依據 Unicode 14.0
2.**^** 灰色區域表示未被分配的碼位 |

## 引用

* Useful and authenticated information about Telugu （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
* **Telugu Association Inc. Sydney Australia.** Celebration of Telugu Culture in Sydney （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
* Omniglot - Telugu script （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）