# 藏语汉语拼音字母音译转写法

**少数民族语地名汉语拼音字母音译转写法－藏语**（SASM/GNC/SRC romanization of Tibetan、俗称**藏语拼音/Tibetan pinyin**）是指中华人民共和国官方的藏语罗马字母拼写法，主要用于人名、地名的拼写。它是对現代標準藏語的音译，而不是对藏文的转写。

藏语拼音的主要依据是中华人民共和国国家测绘总局和中国文字改革委员会1976年6月修订的《少数民族语地名汉语拼音字母音译转写法》。中国文字改革委员会1976年9月修订的《中国人名汉语拼音字母拼写法》规定这一方案也“适用于人名的音译转写”。

## 声母

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| 藏語拼音 | 國際音標 | 藏文字 | 威利转写舉例
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| g | [k] | ཀ་ | k
 |
| k | [kʰ] | ཁ་ ག་ | kh, g
 |
| ng | [ŋ] | ང་ | ng
 |
| j | [tɕ] | ཅ་ | c
 |
| q | [tɕʰ] | ཆ་ ཇ་ | ch, j
 |
| ny | [ɲ] | ཉ་ | ny
 |
| d | [t] | ཏ་ | t
 |
| t | [tʰ] | ཐ་ ད་ | th, d
 |
| n | [n] | ན་ | n
 |
| b | [p] | པ་ | p
 |
| p | [pʰ] | ཕ་ བ་ | ph, b
 |
| m | [m] | མ་ | m
 |
| z | [ts] | ཙ་ | ts
 |
| c | [tsʰ] | ཚ་ ཛ་ | tsh, dz
 |
| w | [w] | ཝ་ | w
 |

 |

| 藏語拼音 | 國際音標 | 藏文字 | 威利转写舉例
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| x | [ɕ] | ཞ་ ཤ་ | zh, sh
 |
| s | [s] | ཟ་ ས་ | z, s
 |
| y | [j] | ཡ་ | y
 |
| r | [ɹ] | ར་ | r
 |
| l | [l] | ལ་ | l
 |
| h | [h] | ཧ་ | h
 |
| gy | [c] | ཀྱ་ | gy
 |
| ky | [cʰ] | ཁྱ་ གྱ་ | ky
 |
| zh | [tʂ] | ཀྲ་ | kr
 |
| ch | [tʂʰ] | ཁྲ་ གྲ་ | khr, gr
 |
| sh | [ʂ] | ཧྲ་ | hr
 |
| lh | [ɬ] | ལྷ་ | lh
 |

 |

* 註：藏文字母 འ 通常不轉換，威利转写有時以 ' 標示其存在。

## 韵母

設輔音爲“ཨ”（而非“◌”）。

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 藏文 | ཨ | ཨར | ཨག ཨགས | ཨབ ཨབས | ཨམ ཨམས | ཨང ཨངས | ཨན | ཨད ཨས | ཨལ ཨའི | ཨའུ |
| 威利 | a | ar | ag / ags | ab/abs | am/ams | ang/angs | an | ad/as | al/a'i | a'u
 |
| 藏文拼音 | a | ar | ag | ab | am | ang | ain/än | ai/ä | ai/ä | au |
|  |
| 藏文 | ཨི | ཨིར | ཨིག ཨིགས | ཨིབ ཨིབས | ཨིམ ཨིམས | ཨིང ཨིངས | ཨིན | ཨིད ཨིས | ཨིལ ཨིའི | ཨིའུ |
| 威利 | i | ir | ig/igs | ib/ibs | im/ims | ing/ings | in | id/is | il/i'i | i'u
 |
| 藏文拼音 | i | ir | ig | ib | im | ing | in | i | i | iu |
|  |
| 藏文 | ཨུ | ཨུར | ཨུག ཨུགས | ཨུབ ཨུབས | ཨུམ ཨུམས | ཨུང ཨུངས | ཨུན | ཨུད ཨུས | ཨུལ ཨུའི |  |
| 威利 | u | ur | ug/ugs | ub/ubs | um/ums | ung/ungs | un | ud/us | ul/u'i |  |
| 藏文拼音 | u | ur | ug | ub | um | ung | ün | ü | ü |
|  |
| 藏文 | ཨེ | ཨེར | ཨེག ཨེགས | ཨེབ ཨེབས | ཨེམ ཨེམས | ཨེང ཨེངས | ཨེན | ཨེད ཨེས | ཨེལ ཨེའི | ཨེའུ |
| 威利 | e | er | eg/egs | eb/ebs | em/ems | eng/engs | en | ed/es | el/e'i | e'u
 |
| 藏文拼音 | ê | êr | êg | êb | êm | êng | ên | ê | ê | iu |
|  |
| 藏文 | ཨོ | ཨོར | ཨོག ཨོགས | ཨོབ ཨོབས | ཨོམ ཨོམས | ཨོང ཨོངས | ཨོན | ཨོད ཨོས | ཨོལ ཨོའི |  |
| 威利 | o | or | og/ogs | ob/obs | om/oms | ong/ongs | on | od/os | ol/o'i
 |
| 藏文拼音 | o | or | og | ob | om | ong | oin/ön | oi/ö | oi/ö |  |

### 元音

| 国际音标 | 威利转写举例 | 藏语拼音
 | 国际音标 | 威利转写举例 | 藏语拼音
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [a] | a | a
 |  |
| [ɛ] | al, a'i | ai/ä | [ɛ̃] | an | ain/än
 |
| [i] | i, il, i'i | i | [ĩ] | in | in
 |
| [u] | u | u
 |  |
| [y] | ul, u'i | ü | [ỹ] | un | ün
 |
| [e] | e, el, e'i | ê | [ẽ] | en | ên
 |
| [o] | o | o
 |  |
| [ø] | ol, o'i | oi/ö | [ø̃] | on | oin/ön
 |

一般拼写用ai, ain, oi, oin，地名记音用ä, än, ö, ön。

另外，实际使用中ê往往简写作e。

#### 双元音

| 国际音标 | 藏语拼音 | 威利转写举例
 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| [au] | au | a'u
 |
| [iu] | iu | i'u, e'u
 |

### 辅音韵尾

| 国际音标 | 藏语拼音 | 威利转写举例
 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| [ʔ] | 无 | d, s
 |
| [n] | n |  |
| [k/q] | g | g, gs
 |
| [ŋ] | ng | ng, ngs
 |
| [p] | b | b, bs
 |
| [m] | m | m, ms
 |
| [r] | r | r
 |

拉萨话有声调，但是藏语拼音不标声调。因此藏语拼音并不能完整地记录拉萨话的语音。

## 参看

* 藏文转写系统
* 藏文拼音系统
* THDL方案
* 宗喀语地名罗马化方案

## 參考文獻

* 少数民族语地名汉语拼音字母音译转写法 (PDF).  [2021-12-30]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-11-09） –通过中华人民共和国教育部.
* 国家测绘局地名研究所. 中国地名录. 中国地图出版社. 1997. ISBN 7-5031-1718-4.
* 藏文拼音教材·拉萨音. 北京: 民族出版社. 1983. ISBN 7-105-02577-8.
* Wylie, Turrell: A Standard System of Tibetan Transcription In: *Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies* 1959, p. 261-267.
* David Germano, Nicolas Tournadre: THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription of Standard Tibetan（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (Tibetan & Himalayan Library, December 12, 2003).
* The Transliteration and Transcription of Tibetan（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (Tibetan & Himalayan Library)
* Romanization of Tibetan Geographical Names （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） – UNGEGN

* 中国少数民族语地名汉语拼音字母音译转写法
* 太清藏文转写　太清藏文输入法
* THDL的藏文转写方案（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
* 宗喀语地名罗马化方案（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）