# 台州話羅馬字[编辑]

| 台州话罗马字  |
| --- |
| 出版於1897年的台州话《圣经》中的一页 |
| 类型 | 拉丁字母 （修订版） |
| 创造者 | 路惠理 |
| 使用时期 | 1880至1950年代 |
| 语言 | 吴语台州话 |
|

**台州話羅馬字**是內地會資深傳教士路惠理以台州临海话音系为基础設計的一种教会罗马字。台州話羅馬字的设计參考了宁波话罗马字，并最大限度地保持了与宁波话罗马字的一致。

自1880年台州话《马太福音》问世起，陆续有8种采用台州话罗马字的圣经译本出版。罗马字的创造及使用给内地会在台州的传教工作提供了便利。

## 方案

### 声母

台州话罗马字一共有40个声母，声母的送气及[ɦ]声母都使用ʻ表示，而不是'。

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|

| 羅馬字
 | 國際音標
 | 例字
 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| p
 | [p] | 百班冰包
 |
| pʻ
 | [pʰ] | 拍派拼泡
 |
| b
 | [b] | 白排病刨
 |
| m
 | [m] | 麥買命貓
 |
| f
 | [f] | 弗反風飛
 |
| v
 | [v] | 佛飯縫肥
 |
| t
 | [t] | 搭單東刀
 |
| tʻ
 | [tʰ] | 塔攤通討
 |
| d
 | [d] | 達談動逃
 |
| n
 | [n] | 捺難農腦
 |
| l
 | [l] | 辣懶弄老
 |
| k
 | [k] | 格公告乾
 |
| kʻ
 | [kʰ] | 客空考看
 |
| g
 | [g] | 搿渠(白讀)
 |
| ng
 | [ŋ] | 我牙耳咬
 |
| h
 | [h] | 好虎海漢
 |
| ʻ
 | [ɦ] | 號害寒何
 |
| ky
 | [c] | 舉弓記吉
 |
| kyʻ
 | [cʰ] | 區穹氣挈
 |
| gy
 | [ɟ] | 巨共奇傑
 |

 |

| 羅馬字
 | 國際音標
 | 例字
 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| ny
 | [ȵ] | 日念人繞
 |
| hy
 | [ç] | 興希曉休
 |
| y
 | [j] | 陽耶園有
 |
| kw
 | [ku] | 光怪官古
 |
| kwʻ
 | [kʰu] | 矿快款库
 |
| gw
 | [gu] | 狂跍
 |
| ngw
 | [ŋu] | 误悟
 |
| hw
 | [hu] | 慌花欢虎
 |
| w
 | [w] | 華會活還
 |
| ts
 | [ts] | 摘子早斋
 |
| tsʻ
 | [tsʰ] | 测此草蔡
 |
| dz
 | [dz] | 泽遲查丈
 |
| s
 | [s] | 色思舍洒
 |
| z
 | [z] | 贼字蛇柴
 |
| c
 | [tɕ] | 珠轉種祝
 |
| cʻ
 | [tɕʰ] | 取穿充出
 |
| dj
 | [dʑ] | 住傳重濁
 |
| sh
 | [ɕ] | 水選松宿
 |
| j
 | [ʑ] | 樹旋從屬
 |
| 不標
 | [Ø] | 烏音愛安
 |

 |

台州话的次浊声母在阴调类和阳调类前会分别呈现出紧喉和浊流的发声态，在罗马字方案中未有体现。
但在罗马字《圣经》中，仍可见少数以w̆表示的紧喉[w]的痕迹。如挽w̆æn，委w̆e，稳w̆eng。

### 韵母

#### 开尾韵

|  | i列
 | u列
 | ü列
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a [a] | ia [ia] | wa [ua] | -
 |
| e [e] | -
 | we [ue] | -
 |
| æ [ɛ] | iæ [iɛ] | -
 | -
 |
| ô [ɔ] | iô [iɔ] | -
 | üô [yɔ] |
| u [u] | iu [iu] | wu [u] | -
 |
| ao [au] | iao [iau] | -
 | -
 |
| eo [əu] | -
 | -
 | -
 |
| æn [ɛ̃] | iæn [iɛ̃] | wæn [uɛ̃] | -
 |
| ön [ø̃] | in [iẽ] | wön [uø̃] | ün [yø̃] |
| -
 | -
 | -
 | -
 |
| 无 [ɿ] | i [i] | o [o] | ü [y] |

#### 鼻尾韵

|  | i列
 | u列
 | ü列
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ang [aŋ] | iang [iaŋ] | wang [uaŋ] | -
 |
| ông [ɔŋ] | -
 | wông [uɔŋ] | üông [yɔŋ] |
| ong [oŋ] | -
 | -
 | üong [yoŋ] |
| eng [əŋ] | ing [iŋ] | weng [uəŋ] | üing [yŋ] |

#### 塞尾韵

|  | i列
 | u列
 | ü列
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| æh [æʔ] | -
 | -
 | üh [yʔ] |
| ah [aʔ] | iah [iaʔ] | wah [uaʔ] | -
 |
| eh [əʔ] | ih [iʔ] | weh [uəʔ] | üih [yʔ] |
| ôh [ɔʔ] | -
 | -
 | üôh [yɔʔ] |
| oh [oʔ] | -
 | -
 | üoh [yoʔ] |

#### 声化韵

|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| r [r̩] | m [m̩] | n [n̩] | ng [ŋ̩] |

### 声调

台州话罗马字中没有明确表示声调的手段。台州话的连读变调系统发达，制订方案的西方人只能感知单字声调，而对语流中的声调变化不敏感，因而放弃了标调。

## 例子

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **台州话罗马字** | **台州话漢字** | **普通話译文** |
| Ih-tsih lao-ô kʻeo-sao-ʻao, tao-cʻü zing shü kyʻüoh. Tsih lao-ô mông-dziah ih-tsih bing, bing-li-hyiang iu shü. Bing dziang-hyin, kʻeo-deo yi si, ge liao-feh-tao kyʻüoh. Tsa-n tsông leh? Lao-ô mông-dziah bing-kyiang vu-su zih-deo-ts. Ge kyih-tsʻeng, iu bæn-fæh-ʻao. Lao-ô peh zih-deo-ts neh-kô-neng gæn-tsing bing-li kʻe. Bing-li keh shü mæn-mæn-z mön-zông-le, lao-ô be liao-teh-tao-ʻao.
 | 一隻老鸦口燥爻，到处寻水吃。隻老鸦望着一隻瓶，瓶里向有水。瓶长险，口头咦细，渠撩弗到吃。怎儿妆叻？老鸦望着瓶脚儿无数石头子。渠击忖，有办法爻。老鸦畀石头子粒加粒儿衔进瓶里去。瓶里个水慢慢而满上来，老鸦倍撩得到爻。
 | 一只乌鸦口渴了，到处找水喝。乌鸦看见一个瓶子，瓶子里有水。可是，瓶子很高，口儿又小，它喝不着。怎么办呢？乌鸦看见瓶子旁边有很多小石子儿。它想了一想，有办法了。乌鸦把小石子儿一个一个地衔起来，放到瓶子里。瓶子里的水慢慢儿升高了，乌鸦就喝着水了。
 |

* 台州話
* 白話字
* 吳語

## 參考文獻

### 期刊

* William David Rudland. T'ai-chow romanization. Chinese Recorder. 1904, (35): 89–91 （英语）.
* 阮咏梅. 台州方言百余年来的语音变化. 语言研究. 2015, **35** (2): 72–77 （中文）.

### 书籍

* Henry van Vleck Rankin. Nying-po tʻu-uô tsʻu-ʻôh 寧波土話初學. 上海: The American Presbyterian Mission Press. 1857 （英语）.
* William David Rudland. Ngô-he Kyiu-cü Yia-su Kyi-toh-keh Sing-iah Shü Tʻe-tsiu Tʻu-wa 我許救主耶穌基督個新約書 台州土話. 台州: British and Foreign Bible Society. 1897 （台州话）.  引文格式1维护：未识别语文类型 (link)
* Paul Georg von Möllendorff. The Ningpo Syllabary. 上海: American Presbyterian mission press. 1901 （英语）.
* 游汝杰. 西洋传教士汉语方言学著作书目考述. 哈尔滨: 黑龙江教育出版社. 2002 （中文）.