# 字形[编辑]

小草英文字 a
**字形**（英語：character form）又稱**字符**（英語：glyph）、**字圖**、**書形**，是指字的形体。

中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T 16964《信息技术·字型信息交换》中定义字形为“一个可以辨认的抽象的图形符号，它不依赖于任何特定的设计”。在語言學中，字（character）是語意的最基本單位，即語素；字形是指為了表達這個意義的具體呈现。

同一字可以有不同的字形，而不影響其表達的意思，例如拉丁字母第一個字母可以寫作a或ɑ，漢字中的“強／强”、“戶／户／戸”。

## 漢字的字形

### 形音義

每個漢字均有三個屬性：形狀（形）、聲韻（音）、意義（義），統稱「形音義」。

### 新舊字形

中國大陸於1965年出版的《印刷通用漢字字形表》規定了印刷字形的標準，在表中規定的字形俗稱為**新字形**，之前通用的字形則稱為**舊字形**。其字形標準於1988年由《現代漢語通用字表》取代。

由於大部分新字形的筆劃都較舊字形少，它們很多時會被錯認為簡化字。事實上新字形除了適用於簡化字，還適用於繁體字，例如「過（过）」、「編（编）」；較接近傳統的台灣寫法是「過」、「編」（舊字形是「過、編」）。在中國大陸廢除之異體字，於收入中日韓統一表意文字時亦會在不會產生重形字的情況下根據新字形調整，稱為「無重形GB化」，例如「諮（咨）」、「僱（雇）」；較接近傳統的台灣寫法是「諮」、「僱」（舊字形是「諮、僱」），Unicode Code Chart[1]（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） 所示的就是這種字形。原则上Unicode/ISO 10646只对字，而非字形编码。Microsoft Windows 簡體中文版中宋體Simsun是中國大陸新字形Font，但是卻也包含不少舊字形漢字。其實這些舊字形漢字並非是宋體新舊漢字同時收錄，舊字形是來源於Unicode/ISO 10646中臺灣韓國日本區域的漢字，臺灣韓國日本區域的某些漢字則是中國大陸的舊字形。

下面所列舉的新舊字形，在Unicode/ISO 10646中，是中國大陸跟香港、臺灣、日本、韓國同源漢字不同形的關係，對於中國大陸而言，則是新舊字形的關係。中國大陸並沒有給舊字形編碼，給舊字形編碼的主要是臺灣和日本區域。

例：

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|

| 旧字形 | 新字形
 |
| --- | --- |
| 刄 | 3 | 刃 | 3
 |
| 辶 | 4 | 辶 | 3
 |
| 及 | 4 | 及 | 3
 |
| 戶 | 4 | 户 | 4
 |
| 丰 | 4 | 丰 | 4
 |
| 屯 | 4 | 屯 | 4
 |
| 反 | 4 | 反 | 4
 |
| 丑 | 4 | 丑 | 4
 |
| 巨 | 5 | 巨 | 4
 |
| 瓦 | 5 | 瓦 | 4
 |
| 朮 | 5 | 术 | 5
 |
| 犮 | 5 | 犮 | 5
 |
| 平 | 5 | 平 | 5
 |
| 冉 | 5 | 冉 | 5
 |
| 令 | 5 | 令 | 5
 |
| 氐 | 5 | 氐 | 5
 |
| 幵 | 6 | 开 | 4
 |
| 印 | 6 | 印 | 5
 |
| 耒 | 6 | 耒 | 6
 |
| 羽 | 6 | 羽 | 6
 |
| 糸 | 6 | 糹 | 6
 |

 |

| 旧字形 | 新字形
 |
| --- | --- |
| 呂 | 7 | 吕 | 6
 |
| 肖 | 7 | 肖 | 7
 |
| 吳 | 7 | 吴 | 7
 |
| 角 | 7 | 角 | 7
 |
| 呈 | 7 | 呈 | 7
 |
| 爭 | 8 | 争 | 6
 |
| 幷 | 8 | 并 | 6
 |
| 免 | 7 | 免 | 7
 |
| 非 | 8 | 非 | 8
 |
| 直 | 8 | 直 | 8
 |
| 黾 | 8 | 黾 | 8
 |
| 彔 | 8 | 录 | 8
 |
| 靑 | 8 | 青 | 8
 |
| 奐 | 9 | 奂 | 7
 |
| 者 | 9 | 者 | 8
 |
| 咼 | 9 | 咼 | 8
 |
| 郞 | 9 | 郎 | 8
 |
| 兪 | 9 | 俞 | 9
 |
| 彥 | 9 | 彦 | 9
 |
| 致 | 9 | 致 | 10
 |
| 骨 | 10 | 骨 | 9
 |

 |

| 旧字形 | 新字形
 |
| --- | --- |
| 蚤 | 10 | 蚤 | 9
 |
| 修 | 10 | 修 | 9
 |
| 祖 | 10 | 祖 | 9
 |
| 差 | 10 | 差 | 9
 |
| 鬼 | 10 | 鬼 | 9
 |
| 眞 | 10 | 真 | 10
 |
| 旣 | 11 | 既 | 9
 |
| 敖 | 11 | 敖 | 10
 |
| 殺 | 11 | 殺 | 10
 |
| 袞 | 11 | 衮 | 10
 |
| 黃 | 12 | 黄 | 11
 |
| 象 | 12 | 象 | 11
 |
| 敢 | 12 | 敢 | 11
 |
| 敝 | 12 | 敝 | 11
 |
| 彗 | 12 | 彗 | 12
 |
| 奧 | 13 | 奥 | 12
 |
| 飮 | 13 | 飲 | 12
 |
| 溫 | 13 | 温 | 12
 |
| 搖 | 13 | 摇 | 13
 |
| 鼠 | 15 | 鼠 | 13
 |
| 龜 | 18 | 龜 | 17
 |

 |

### 字形標準

以上所稱字形分別通常只是很小分別，筆劃差異在一兩筆之間。差異很大的通常歸類為異體字，中國大陸標準為《第一批異體字整理表》。和中國大陸不同，香港和台灣將同一字的不同的字形，即使只有很小分別，都歸類為異體字。香港教育界所據標準為常用字字形表。台灣所據標準為常用國字標準字體表、次常用國字標準字體表、罕用字體表及異體字表。

## 西方字形

拉丁小寫字母「a」之兩種常用字形，一為手寫體，一為印刷體
最常舉的例子是貨幣「圓」之符號「$」，使用一豎、兩豎、穿透或是不穿透皆不影響該符號之意義。

和文字有關：

* 多於一個字母連寫時產生的連寫體
* 同一字母，因寫於字的不同位置而改變形狀的變寫體（如s和ſ）

* 异体字
* 字體
* 字位
* 校對

## 备注

### 引用

### 网页

* 旧字形的使用现状，文中第9层