# 山茶属

| 山茶属 |
| --- |
|  |
| 茶树（*Camellia sinensis*）
 |
| 科学分类  |
| 界： | 植物界 Plantae |
| 演化支： | 维管植物 Tracheophyta |
| 演化支： | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
| 演化支： | 真双子叶植物 Eudicots |
| 演化支： | 菊类植物 Asterids |
| 目： | 杜鹃花目 Ericales |
| 科： | 山茶科 Theaceae |
| 族： | 山茶族 Theeae |
| 属： | **山茶属 *Camellia L., 1753 |
| 模式種
 |
| 山茶花 *Camellia japonica* L., 1753
 |

**山茶属**（學名：*Camellia*），或稱**茶屬**，是山茶科的一大属。品種約有200余種。主要分布中國的長江以南至雲南及越南等東亞與東南亞地區。其中的茶樹產茶葉，許多种也可以做觀賞植物。

属名*Camellia*为纪念耶稣会传教士乔治·约瑟夫·卡梅尔（1667-1706）而命名。

山茶木横切面

## 物種

根据世界植物在线数据库的记录，本属目前包含以下224种：

* *Camellia albata* Orel & Curry
* *Camellia amplexicaulis* (Pit.)Cohen-Stuart
* 抱茎短蕊茶 *Camellia amplexifolia* Merr. & Chun
* *Camellia anderseniae* Orel
* *Camellia andrefrancisii* Orel & Curry
* 安龙瘤果茶 *Camellia anlungensis* Hung T.Chang
* *Camellia annamensis* N.S.Lý, V.D.Lương, N.Đ.Đỗ, T.H.Lê & T.L.Nguyễn
* 大萼毛蕊茶 *Camellia assimiloides* Sealy
* 五室金花茶 *Camellia aurea* Hung T.Chang
* 假大头茶 *Camellia azalea* C.F.Wei
* *Camellia bidoupensis* Truong Luong & Tran
* *Camellia brevistaminata* Orel & Curry
* 短柱茶 *Camellia brevistyla* (Hayata)Cohen-Stuart
* *Camellia bugiamapensis* Orel Curry,Luu & Q.D.Nguyen
* *Camellia campanulata* OrelCurry & Luu
* 白毛蕊茶 *Camellia candida* HungT.Chang
* *Camellia capitata* Orel Curry & Luu
* *Camellia cattienensis* Orel
* 长尾毛蕊茶 *Camellia caudata* Wall.
* 浙江红山茶 *Camellia chekiangoleosa* Hu
* *Camellia cherryana* Orel
* *Camellia chinmeiae* S.L.Lee & T.Y.A.Yang
* 薄叶金花茶 *Camellia chrysanthoides* Hung T.Chang
* *Camellia columna* Orel & Curry
* *Camellia compacta* Orel & Curry
* *Camellia concinna* Orel & Curry
* 泰国管蕊茶 *Camellia connata* (Craib)Craib
* *Camellia corallina* (Gagnep.)Sealy
* 心叶毛蕊茶 *Camellia cordifolia* (F.P.Metcalf)Nakai
* 突肋茶 *Camellia costata* S.Y.Hu & S.Y.Liang
* 贵州连蕊茶 *Camellia costei* H.Lév.
* 红皮糙果茶 *Camellia crapnelliana* Tutcher
* 厚轴茶 *Camellia crassicolumna* HungT.Chang
* 厚柄连蕊茶 *Camellia crassipes* Sealy
* *Camellia crassiphylla* Ninh & Hakoda
* *Camellia crassisepala* Orel & Curry
* *Camellia cuongiana* Orel & Curry
* 滇南连蕊茶 *Camellia cupiformis* T.L.Ming
* *Camellia curryana* Orel & Luu
* 尖连蕊茶 *Camellia cuspidata* (Kochs)Bean
* *Camellia dalatensis* V.D.Luong Ninh & Hakoda
* 德保金花茶 *Camellia debaoensis* R.C.Hu & Y.Q.Liu fu, 2019
* *Camellia decora* Orel Curry & Luu
* *Camellia dilinhensis* Ninh & V.D.Luong
* *Camellia discorsa* Orel & Curry
* *Camellia dongnaicensis* Orel
* *Camellia dormoyana* (Pierre)Sealy
* *Camellia drupifera* Lour.
* *Camellia duyana* Orel Curry & Luu
* 尖萼红山茶 *Camellia edithae* Hance
* *Camellia elizabethae* Orel & Curry
* 长管连蕊茶 *Camellia elongata* (Rehder & E.H.Wilson)Rehder
* *Camellia erubescens* Orel & Curry
* *Camellia euphlebia* Merr. ex Sealy, 1949
* 显脉金花茶 *Camellia euphlebia* Merr.ex Sealy
* 柃叶连蕊茶 *Camellia euryoides* Lindl.
* *Camellia exigua* Orel & Curry
* 防城茶 *Camellia fangchengensis* S.Ye Liang & Y.C.Zhong
* *Camellia fansipanensis* J.M.H.Shaw Wynn-Jones & V.D.Nguyen
* 簇蕊金花茶 *Camellia fascicularis* Hung T.Chang
* *Camellia flava* (Pit.)Sealy
* 淡黄金花茶 *Camellia flavida* Hung T.Chang
* *Camellia fleuryi* (A.Chev.)Sealy
* *Camellia flosculora* Curry V.S.Le,T.Q.Cuong & V.D.Luong
* 窄叶短柱茶 *Camellia fluviatilis* Hand.-Mazz.
* *Camellia foleyana* Orel & Curry
* 蒙自连蕊茶 *Camellia forrestii* (Diels)Cohen-Stuart
* *Camellia fragilis* Orel & Curry
* 毛柄连蕊茶 *Camellia fraterna* Hance
* *Camellia fulva* Orel & Curry
* 糙果茶 *Camellia furfuracea* (Merr.)Cohen-Stuart
* 硬叶糙果茶 *Camellia gaudichaudii* (Gagnep.)Sealy
* *Camellia gilbertii* (A.Chev.)Sealy
* 秃助连蕊茶 *Camellia glabricostata* T.L.Ming
* *Camellia gracilipes* Merr.ex Sealy
* 大苞茶 *Camellia grandibracteata* Hung T.Chang,Y.J.Tan,F.L.Yu & P.S.Wang
* 大苞山茶 *Camellia granthamiana* Sealy
* 长瓣短柱茶 *Camellia grijsii* Hance
* 秃房茶 *Camellia gymnogyna* Hung T.Chang
* 海南油茶 *Camellia hainanica* Y.L.Zhao & Z.G.Xu
* *Camellia harlandii* Orel & Curry
* *Camellia hatinhensis* V.D.Luong Ninh & L.T.Nguyen
* 河口超长柄茶 *Camellia hekouensis* C.J.Wang & G.S.Fan
* 冬红短柱茶 *Camellia hiemalis* Nakai
* *Camellia hirsuta* Hakoda & Ninh
* *Camellia honbaensis* Luu Q.D.Nguyen & G.Tran
* *Camellia hongiaoensis* Orel & Curry
* 香港红山茶 *Camellia hongkongensis* Seem.
* 贵州金花茶 *Camellia huana* T.L.Ming & W.J.Zhang
* *Camellia huulungensis* Rosmann & Ninh
* 冬青叶山茶 *Camellia ilicifolia* Y.K.Li
* *Camellia illia* Orel & Curry
* 凹脉金花茶 *Camellia impressinervis* Hung T.Chang & S.YeLiang
* 中越山茶 *Camellia indochinensis* Merr.
* *Camellia ingens* Orel & Curry
* *Camellia insularis* Orel & Curry
* *Camellia × intermedia* (Tuyama) Nagam.
* *Camellia inusitata* Orel Curry & Luu
* 山茶花 *Camellia japonica* L.
* *Camellia kirinoi* Ninh
* 落瓣短柱茶 *Camellia kissii* Wall.
* *Camellia krempfii* (Gagnep.)Sealy
* 广西茶 *Camellia kwangsiensis* Hung T.Chang
* 管蕊茶 *Camellia lanceolata* (Blume)Seem.
* *Camellia langbianensis* (Gagnep.)P.H.Hô
* *Camellia laotica* (Gagnep.)T.L.Ming
* *Camellia latifolia* Orel & Curry
* 四川毛蕊茶 *Camellia lawii* Sealy
* 膜叶茶 *Camellia leptophylla* S.Ye Liang ex Hung T.Chang
* *Camellia ligustrina* Orel Curry & Luu
* 长萼连蕊茶 *Camellia longicalyx* Hung T.Chang
* *Camellia longii* Orel & Luu
* 长柄山茶 *Camellia longipedicellata* (Hu)Hung T.Chang & D.Fang
* 超长柄茶 *Camellia longissima* Hung T.Chang & S.YeLiang
* *Camellia lucii* Orel & Curry
* *Camellia luongii* Ninh & Le
* *Camellia lutchuensis* T.Itô
* 云南管蕊茶 *Camellia luteocalpandria* S.X.Yang & E.D.Liu
* *Camellia luteocerata* Orel
* 小黄花茶 *Camellia luteoflora* Y.K.Li ex Hung T.Chang & F.A.Zeng
* *Camellia luteonerva* Orel & Curry
* *Camellia luteopallida* V.D.Luong T.Q.T.Nguyen & Luu
* *Camellia maiana* Orel
* 毛蕊红山茶 *Camellia mairei* (H.Lév.)Melch.
* 牦牛山山茶 *Camellia maoniushanensis* J.L.Liu & Q.Luo
* *Camellia megasepala* Hung T.Chang & Trin Ninh
* 广东毛蕊茶 *Camellia melliana* Hand.-Mazz.
* 小花金花茶 *Camellia micrantha* S.Ye Liang & Y.C.Zhong
* 弥勒糙果茶 *Camellia mileensis* T.L.Ming
* 富宁金花茶 *Camellia mingii* S.X.Yang
* *Camellia minima* Orel & Curry
* *Camellia mollis* Hung T.Chang & S.X.Ren
* *Camellia montana* (Blanco)Hung T.Chang & S.X.Ren
* *Camellia multigemma* Orel & Curry
* *Camellia murauchii* Ninh & Hakoda
* *Camellia namkadingensis* Soulad. & Tagane
* *Camellia nematodea* (Gagnep.)Sealy
* *Camellia nervosa* (Gagnep.)Hung T.Chang
* *Camellia ngheanensis* N.D.DoV.D.Luong,N.S.Lý,T.H.Lê & D.H.Nguyễn
* *Camellia ninhii* V.D.Luong & Le
* *Camellia oconoriana* Orel Curry & Luu
* 油茶 *Camellia oleifera* C.Abel
* 厚短蕊茶 *Camellia pachyandra* Hu
* *Camellia pallida* Orel & Curry
* 细花短蕊茶 *Camellia parviflora* Merr. & ChunexSealy
* 小瘤果茶 *Camellia parvimuricata* Hung T.Chang
* *Camellia parvula* Orel & Curry
* 腺叶离蕊茶 *Camellia paucipunctata* (Merr. & Chun)Chun
* *Camellia pentagonalema* Orel & Curry
* 四季花金花茶 *Camellia perpetua* S. Ye Liang & L. D. Huang
* 金花茶 *Camellia petelotii* (Merr.)Sealy
* *Camellia phanii* Hakoda & Ninh
* *Camellia philippinensis* Hung T.Chang & S.X.Ren
* 毛籽离蕊茶 *Camellia pilosperma* S.Yun Liang
* 平果金花茶 *Camellia pingguoensis* D.Fang
* *Camellia piquetiana* (Pierre)Sealy
* *Camellia pirifructa* Orel & Curry
* 西南红山茶 *Camellia pitardii* Cohen-Stuart
* *Camellia pleurocarpa* (Gagnep.)Sealy
* 多齿红山茶 *Camellia polyodonta* F.C.How ex Hu
* *Camellia proensis* V.D.Luong Dudkin & V.H.Quach
* *Camellia psilocarpa* X.G.Shi & C.X.Ye
* 毛叶茶 *Camellia ptilophylla* HungT.Chang
* *Camellia pubicosta* Merr.
* 毛糙果茶 *Camellia pubifurfuracea* Y.C.Zhong
* 毛瓣金花茶 *Camellia pubipetala* Y.Wan & S.Z.Huang
* *Camellia puhoatensis* N.S.Lý V.D.Luong,T.H.Lê,D.H.Nguyễn & N.D.Do
* *Camellia pukhangensis* N.D.Do V.D.Luong,S.T.Hoang & T.H.Lê
* *Camellia pulchella* Orel & Curry
* 斑枝毛蕊茶 *Camellia punctata* (Kochs)Cohen-Stuart
* *Camellia pyriparva* Orel & Curry
* *Camellia pyxidiacea* Z.R.XuF.P.Chen & C.Y.Deng
* *Camellia quangcuongii* L.V.Dung S.T.Hoang & Nhan
* *Camellia reflexa* Orel & Curry
* *Camellia renshanxiangiae* C.X.Ye & X.Q.Zheng
* 滇山茶 *Camellia reticulata* Lindl.
* 皱果茶 *Camellia rhytidocarpa* HungT.Chang & S.YeLiang
* *Camellia rosacea* Tagane Soulad. & Yahara
* 玫瑰连蕊茶 *Camellia rosiflora* Hook.
* *Camellia rosmannii* Ninh
* 川萼连蕊茶 *Camellia rosthorniana* Hand.-Mazz.
* 喙果金花茶 *Camellia rostrata* S.X.Yang & S.F.Chai
* 圆基茶 *Camellia rotundata* Chang et Yu，接受名为：厚轴茶 *Camellia crassicolumna*
* *Camellia rubriflora* Ninh & Hakoda
* 柳叶毛蕊茶 *Camellia salicifolia* Champ.
* 怒江红山茶 *Camellia saluenensis* StapfexBean
* 茶梅 *Camellia sasanqua* Thunb.
* *Camellia scabrosa* Orel & Curry
* 老挝茶 *Camellia sealyana* T.L.Ming
* 南山茶 *Camellia semiserrata* C.W.Chi
* 七瓣连蕊茶 *Camellia septempetala* Hung T.Chang & L.L.Qi
* *Camellia siangensis* T.K.Paul & M.P.Nayar
* 茶树 *Camellia sinensis* (L.)Kuntze，茶
* *Camellia sonthaiensis* Luu V.D.Luong,Q.D.Nguyen & T.Q.T.Nguyen
* *Camellia stellata* Orel & Curry
* 五室连蕊茶 *Camellia stuartiana* Sealy
* 全缘红山茶 *Camellia subintegra* P.C.Huang
* *Camellia suddeeana* D.Wei Zhao
* *Camellia synaptica* Sealy
* 半宿萼茶 *Camellia szechuanensis* C.W.Chi
* 思茅短蕊茶 *Camellia szemaoensis* Hung T.Chang
* 大厂茶 *Camellia tachangensis* F.S.Zhang
* *Camellia tadungensis* Orel Curry & Luu
* 大理茶 *Camellia taliensis* (W.W.Sm.)Melch.
* 大姚短柱茶 *Camellia tenii* Sealy
* *Camellia thailandica* Hung T.Chang & S.X.Ren
* *Camellia thanxaensa* Hakoda & Kirino
* *Camellia thuongiana* V.D.Luong A.Le & T.L.Nguyen
* *Camellia tienyenensis* Orel & Curry
* *Camellia tomentosa* Orel & Curry
* 东京金花茶 *Camellia tonkinensis* (Pit.)Cohen-Stuart
* 阿里山连蕊茶 *Camellia transarisanensis* (Hayata)Cohen-Stuart
* 毛枝连蕊茶 *Camellia trichoclada* (Rehder)S.S.Chien
* *Camellia triquetra* Orel & Curry
* 云南连蕊茶 *Camellia tsaii* Hu
* 金屏连蕊茶 *Camellia tsingpienensis* Hu
* 瘤果茶 *Camellia tuberculata* S.S.Chien
* *Camellia tuyenquangensis* V.D.Luong Le & Ninh
* 单体红山茶 *Camellia uraku* Kitam.
* *Camellia vanlangensis* V.D. Luong & V.T. Pham
* *Camellia venusta* Orel & Curry
* 小果毛蕊茶 *Camellia villicarpa* S.S.Chien
* 绿萼连蕊茶 *Camellia viridicalyx* Hung T.Chang & S.YeLiang
* *Camellia viscosa* Orel & Curry
* *Camellia vuquangensis* V.D.Luong Ninh & L.T.Nguyen
* 滇缅离蕊茶 *Camellia wardii* Kobuski
* *Camellia wilkesiana* Orel & Curry
* 武鸣金花茶 *Camellia wumingensis* S.Ye Liang & C.R.Fu ex Hai L.Chen
* 黄花短蕊茶 *Camellia xanthochroma* K.M.Feng & L.S.Xie
* *Camellia yokdonensis* Dungbis & Hakoda
* 五柱滇山茶 *Camellia yunnanensis* (Pit. ex Diels)Cohen-Stuart
* *Camellia zhaiana* S.X.Yang
* 紫金短柱茶 *Camellia zijinica* M.Lin, Q.L.Ye & Q.Fan, 2024

## 品种

山茶属植物具有重要的经济价值，茶叶是世界三大植物饮料之一；茶花是中国十大名花，深受世界各国人民的喜爱；油茶还是一种优良的木本油料植物。根据世界山茶属植物品种数据库的记录，世界范围内1253年至2023年的茶花、茶叶、茶油品种有26,087种。

## 延伸阅读

 《欽定古今圖書集成·博物彙編·草木典·山茶部》，出自陈梦雷《古今圖書集成》
 《植物名實圖考·山茶》，出自吳其濬《植物名實圖考》
## 外部連接

* *Camellia*. *ITIS*.

* The International Camellia Society （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
* The American Camellia Society （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
* The Southeastern Camellia Society
* Website with many Camellia illustrations from European and Japanese Camellia Books
* First Public Camellia Show （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） historical marker