# 古风暴学

**古风暴学**（Paleotempestology）是一门通过气候代理数据研究古代热带气旋的学科，由麻省理工的气象学家凯瑞·伊曼纽尔创建，1990年代开始在美国兴起。

它兴起的主要原因是科学家意识到不能只靠历史文献来研究古代风暴，这些文献经常太过简短。尤其是在美国，历史记载最多只能追溯到150年前。

### 引用

### 来源

* Adomat, Friederike; Gischler, Eberhard. Assessing the suitability of Holocene environments along the central Belize coast, Central America, for the reconstruction of hurricane records. International Journal of Earth Sciences. 1 January 2017, **106** (1): 283–309. Bibcode:2017IJEaS.106..283A. ISSN 1437-3262. S2CID 131311822. doi:10.1007/s00531-016-1319-y （英语）.
* Astakhov, A. S.; Kalugin, I. A.; Aksentov, K. I.; Dar’in, A. V. Geochemical indicators of paleo-typhoons in shelf sediments. Geochemistry International. April 2015, **53** (4): 383–388. ISSN 0016-7029. S2CID 140593833. doi:10.1134/S0016702915040023 –通过ResearchGate （英语）.
* Astakhov, A. S.; Dar’in, A. V.; Kalugin, I. A.; Aksentov, K. I. Reconstructing the Frequency of Catastrophic Floods on the Western Coast of the Sea of Japan Based on Sedimentary Proxy. Russian Meteorology and Hydrology. 2019-01-01, **44** (1): 62–70. ISSN 1934-8096. S2CID 146559928. doi:10.3103/S1068373919010072 （英语）.
* Bennington, J. Bret; Farmer, E. Christa, Recognizing Past Storm Events in Sediment Cores Based on Comparison to Recent Overwash Sediments Deposited by Superstorm Sandy, Learning from the Impacts of Superstorm Sandy (Elsevier), 2015: 89–106, ISBN 9780128015209, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801520-9.00007-9 （英语）
* Besonen, Mark R.; Bradley, Raymond S.; Mudelsee, Manfred; Abbott, Mark B.; Francus, Pierre. A 1,000-year, annually-resolved record of hurricane activity from Boston, Massachusetts. Geophysical Research Letters. 2008-07-24, **35** (14): L14705. Bibcode:2008GeoRL..3514705B. ISSN 0094-8276. S2CID 18959419. doi:10.1029/2008GL033950 （英语）.
* Biguenet, M.; Sabatier, P.; Chaumillon, E.; Chagué, C.; Arnaud, F.; Jorissen, F.; Coulombier, T.; Geba, E.; Cordrie, L.; Vacher, P.; Develle, A. L.; Chalmin, E.; Soufi, F.; Feuillet, N. A 1600 year-long sedimentary record of tsunamis and hurricanes in the Lesser Antilles (Scrub Island, Anguilla). Sedimentary Geology. 1 February 2021, **412**: 105806. Bibcode:2021SedG..41205806B. ISSN 0037-0738. doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2020.105806 （英语）.
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* Bregy, Joshua C.; Wallace, Davin J.; Minzoni, Rebecca Totten; Cruz, Valerie J. 2500-year paleotempestological record of intense storms for the northern Gulf of Mexico, United States. Marine Geology. February 2018, **396**: 26–42. Bibcode:2018MGeol.396...26B. doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2017.09.009  （英语）.
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* Brückner, Helmut; Esser, Sascha; Gonzalo, Lia Anne; Dierick, Manuel; Opitz, Stephan; Pint, Anna; Reyes, Michelle; Engel, Max; May, Simon Matthias; Brill, Dominik. Typhoon Haiyan's sedimentary record in coastal environments of the Philippines and its paleotempestological implications. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 21 December 2016, **16** (12): 2799–2822. Bibcode:2016NHESS..16.2799B. ISSN 1561-8633. doi:10.5194/nhess-16-2799-2016  （英语）.
* Chagué-Goff, Catherine; Chan, Jordan Chi Hang; Goff, James; Gadd, Patricia. Late Holocene record of environmental changes, cyclones and tsunamis in a coastal lake, Mangaia, Cook Islands: Cyclones and tsunamis on Mangaia. Island Arc. September 2016, **25** (5): 333–349. doi:10.1111/iar.12153 （英语）.
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* Chen, Huei-Fen; Wen, Shie-Ying; Song, Shen-Rong; Yang, Tien-Nan; Lee, Teh-Quei; Lin, Sue-Fen; Hsu, Shih-Chieh; Wei, Kuo-Yen; Chang, Ping-Yu. Strengthening of paleo-typhoon and autumn rainfall in Taiwan corresponding to the Southern Oscillation at late Holocene. Journal of Quaternary Science. December 2012, **27** (9): 964–972. Bibcode:2012JQS....27..964C. doi:10.1002/jqs.2590 –通过Academia.edu （英语）.
* Colombié, Claude; Carcel, Damien; Lécuyer, Christophe; Ruffel, Alastair; Schnyder, Johann. Temperature and cyclone frequency in Kimmeridgian Greenhouse period (late Jurassic). Global and Planetary Change. November 2018, **170**: 126–145. Bibcode:2018GPC...170..126C. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2018.08.005 （英语）.
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* Domínguez-Delmás, Marta; Harley, Grant L.; Trouet, Valerie. Shipwreck rates reveal Caribbean tropical cyclone response to past radiative forcing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2016-03-22, **113** (12): 3169–3174. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.3169T. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4812713 . PMID 26951648. doi:10.1073/pnas.1519566113 （英语）.
* Donnelly, Jeffrey P.; Smith Bryant, Sarah; Butler, Jessica; Dowling, Jennifer; Fan, Linda; Hausmann, Neil; Newby, Paige; Shuman, Bryan; Stern, Jennifer; Westover, Karlyn; Webb III, Thompson. 700 yr sedimentary record of intense hurricane landfalls in southern New England. Geological Society of America Bulletin. June 2001, **113** (6): 714–727. Bibcode:2001GSAB..113..714D. S2CID 37143442. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113<0714:YSROIH>2.0.CO;2.
* Donnelly, Jeffrey P.; Butler, Jessica; Roll, Stuart; Wengren, Micah; Webb, Thompson. A backbarrier overwash record of intense storms from Brigantine, New Jersey. Marine Geology. 2004, **210** (1–4): 107–121. Bibcode:2004MGeol.210..107D. doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2004.05.005 （英语）.
* Donnelly, Jeffrey P. Evidence of Past Intense Tropical Cyclones from Backbarrier Salt Pond Sediments: A Case Study from Isla de Culebrita, Puerto Rico, USA. Journal of Coastal Research. 2005: 201–210. ISSN 0749-0208. JSTOR 25736985.
* Donnelly, Jeffrey P., Paleotempestology, The Sedimentary Record of Intense Hurricanes, Gornitz, Vivien (编), Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments, Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, Springer Netherlands: 763–766, 2009, ISBN 9781402044113, doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-4411-3\_181 （英语）
* Donnelly, Jeffrey P.; Hawkes, Andrea D.; Lane, Philip; MacDonald, Dana; Shuman, Bryan N.; Toomey, Michael R.; van Hengstum, Peter J.; Woodruff, Jonathan D. Climate forcing of unprecedented intense-hurricane activity in the last 2000 years: DONNELLY ET AL.. Earth's Future. February 2015, **3** (2): 49–65. doi:10.1002/2014EF000274  （英语）.
* Donnelly, Jeffrey P.; Anderson, John B.; Woodruff, Jonathan D.; Wallace, Davin J. Palaeohurricane reconstructions from sedimentary archives along the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea and western North Atlantic Ocean margins. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 15 January 2014, **388** (1): 481–501  [2021-11-17]. Bibcode:2014GSLSP.388..481W. ISSN 0305-8719. S2CID 129854044. doi:10.1144/SP388.12. （原始内容存档于2019-05-10） （英语）.
* Droxler, A. W.; Bentley, S. J.; Denommee, K. C. Climatic controls on hurricane patterns: a 1200-y near-annual record from Lighthouse Reef, Belize. Scientific Reports. 2014-01-27, **4**: 3876. Bibcode:2014NatSR...4E3876D. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 3902391 . PMID 24464265. doi:10.1038/srep03876 （英语）.
* Du, Shuhuan; Li, Baosheng; Chen, Muhong; Xiang, Rong; Niu, Donefeng; Si, Yuejun. Paleotempestology evidence recorded by eolian deposition in the Bohai Sea coastal zone during the last interglacial period. Marine Geology. September 2016, **379**: 78–83. Bibcode:2016MGeol.379...78D. doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2016.05.013 （英语）.
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* Ercolani, Christian; Muller, Joanne; Collins, Jennifer; Savarese, Michael; Squiccimara, Louis. Intense Southwest Florida hurricane landfalls over the past 1000 years. Quaternary Science Reviews. October 2015, **126**: 17–25. Bibcode:2015QSRv..126...17E. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.08.008  （英语）.
* Fan, DaiDu; Liu, Kam-biu. Perspectives on the linkage between typhoon activity and global warming from recent research advances in paleotempestology. Chinese Science Bulletin. 1 October 2008, **53** (19): 2907–2922. Bibcode:2008SciBu..53.2907F. ISSN 1861-9541. doi:10.1007/s11434-008-0341-2  –通过ResearchGate （英语）.
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* Forsyth, Anthony J.; Nott, Jonathan; Bateman, Mark D. Beach ridge plain evidence of a variable late-Holocene tropical cyclone climate, North Queensland, Australia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. November 2010, **297** (3–4): 707–716. Bibcode:2010PPP...297..707F. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.09.024 （英语）.
* Forsyth, Anthony J.; Nott, Jonathan; Bateman, Mark D.; Beaman, Robin J. Juxtaposed beach ridges and foredunes within a ridge plain — Wonga Beach, northeast Australia. Marine Geology. April 2012,. 307–310: 111–116. Bibcode:2012MGeol.307..111F. doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2012.02.012.
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* Hippensteel, Scott. Paleotempestology and the pursuit of the perfect paleostorm proxy. GSA Today. April 2010: 52–53. doi:10.1130/GSATG80GW.1 .
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* Liu, Kam-Biu, Paleotempestology: Geographic Solutions to Hurricane Hazard Assessment and Risk Prediction, Janelle, Donald G.; Warf, Barney; Hansen, Kathy (编), WorldMinds: Geographical Perspectives on 100 Problems: Commemorating the 100th Anniversary of the Association of American Geographers 1904–2004, Springer Netherlands: 443–448, 2004, ISBN 9781402023521, doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-2352-1\_72 （英语）
* Liu, Kam-biu. Paleotempestology: The Science of Reconstructing Paleohurricane Activity (PDF). Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. La Paz, Baja California Sur. 2010  [2021-11-17]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2022-03-15）.
* Liu, K.; Knowles, J. T. Proxy Record of Holocene Hurricane Activity from Barbuda in the Northeastern Caribbean. AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts. 2008-12-01, **14**: U14B–02. Bibcode:2008AGUFM.U14B..02L.
* Liu, Entao; Zhao, Jian-xin; Feng, Yue-xing; Leonard, Nicole D.; Clark, Tara R.; Roff, George. U-Th age distribution of coral fragments from multiple rubble ridges within the Frankland Islands, Great Barrier Reef: Implications for past storminess history. Quaternary Science Reviews. July 2016, **143**: 51–68. Bibcode:2016QSRv..143...51L. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.05.006 （英语）.
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* Mann, Michael E.; Woodruff, Jonathan D.; Donnelly, Jeffrey P.; Zhang, Zhihua. Atlantic hurricanes and climate over the past 1,500 years. Nature. 13 August 2009, **460** (7257): 880–883. Bibcode:2009Natur.460..880M. PMID 19675650. S2CID 233167. doi:10.1038/nature08219. hdl:1912/3165 .
* McCloskey, T.A.; Keller, G. 5000 year sedimentary record of hurricane strikes on the central coast of Belize. Quaternary International. February 2009, **195** (1–2): 53–68. Bibcode:2009QuInt.195...53M. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2008.03.003 （英语）.
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* Western North Atlantic Basin 8,000 Year palaeotempestology Database 2018
* palaeotempestology Resource Center
* Shipwrecks, tree rings and hurricanes （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）