# 无油樟[编辑]

| 无油樟 |
| --- |
|  |
| 保护状况
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|  无危（IUCN 3.1） |
| 科学分类  |
| 界： | 植物界 Plantae |
| 演化支： | 维管植物 Tracheophyta |
| 演化支： | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
| 目： | 无油樟目 Amborellales Melikyan, A.V.Bobrov & Zaytzeva (1999) |
| 科： | 无油樟科 Amborellaceae Pichon (1948) |
| 属： | 无油樟属 *Amborella* Baill. (1873) |
| 种：
 | **无油樟 *A. trichopoda |
| 二名法
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| Amborella trichopoda Baill. (1873)
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|  |
| 无油樟只分布于新喀里多尼亚
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**无油樟**（学名：*Amborella trichopoda*）又名**互叶梅**，自成一目、一科、一属，只生长在新喀里多尼亚，是一种孑遗植物。

无油樟是现存被子植物中已知最早和其它被子植物分开演化的，因而倍受植物学家注目。

## 特征

无油樟是灌木或小乔木，葉序為兩列互生，叶边缘有波卷，无托叶。雌雄異株，花小单性，成聚伞花序；各組成部分呈辐射狀排列，花被片 5-8，無明顯分化成花瓣及萼片，雄蕊多數而無明確區分花絲與花藥，心皮多數離生。

* 花
* 花和苞
* 花和叶
* 嫩叶
* 叶与茎
* 花的特写
* 茎、叶和花
* 分枝和叶子

## 演化

无油樟目前被普遍接受為被子植物中最早分化出来的一支，和其他几乎所有的被子植物都没有明显的亲缘关系。

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| 被子植物
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| 核心被子植物
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真双子叶植物 eudicots

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金鱼藻目 Ceratophyllales

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单子叶植物 monocots

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木兰类植物 magnoliids

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金粟兰目 Chloranthales

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| Mesangiospermae
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木兰藤目 Austrobaileyales

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睡莲目 Nymphaeales

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无油樟目 Amborellales

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| Angiosperm
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| 无油樟目和其它被子植物的演化关系（APG III分类法）
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## 分类

1981年的克朗奎斯特分类法将其列入樟目，但1998年根据基因亲缘关系分类的APG 分类法认为无法将其分入任何一目，甚至任何一个分支，只得单独放在被子植物分支之下。也有的分类法将其单独列为一个无油樟目（Amborellales）或互叶梅目。在2003(APG II, 2003)年以後，被認為它可能是被子植物裡最原始的一群。2009年APG III承认了无油樟目。

* Simpson, M.G. *Plant Systematics*. Elsevier Academic Press. 2006.
* Albert, V.A., et al., Floral gene resources from basal angiosperms for comparative genomics research, 2005. BMC Plant Biology,
* Lohmueller, Friedrich A. (web data 2009). The Botanical System of the Plants. (The Botanical Classification of Angiospermae, by APG II, 2003).  （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

* 被子植物分类学网（APWeb）：无油樟目（英文）
* 在L. Watson和M.J. Dallwitz (1992年)《有花植物分科》 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）中的无油樟科 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
* NCBI中的无油樟科 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）