# 種子蕨門[编辑]

| 种子蕨门化石时期：泥盆纪晚期至白垩纪末
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| 产自美国俄亥俄州东北部的晚石炭纪种子蕨类化石
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| 科学分类 |
| 界： | 植物界 Plantae |
| 演化支： | 维管植物 Tracheophyta |
| 演化支： | 木質植物 Lignophytes |
| 总门： | 种子植物总门 Spermatophyta |
| 並系群： | 種子蕨門 Pteridospermatophyta |
| 传统分类中包含的子类群
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| * †芦茎羊齿目 Calamopityales
* †华丽木目 Callistophytales
* †开通目 Caytoniales
* †大羽羊齿目 Gigantopteridales
* †舌羊齿目 Glossopteridales
* †皱羊齿目 Lyginopteridales
* †髓木目 Medullosales
* †盾籽目 Peltaspermales
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| 传统分类中未包含，但在 演化层面上包含的演化支
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| * 被子植物 Angiosperm
* 末端裸子植物 Acrogymnospermae
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**種子蕨門**（学名：Pteridospermatophyta）泛称**種子蕨**（pteridosperms，seed ferns），是一類已滅絕的古代裸子植物，始見於晚泥盆紀，在石炭紀、二疊紀和三疊紀時極為興盛，到侏罗纪逐漸衰退，於白堊紀末期滅絕。

種子蕨的種株不大，多數為倚生或攀援的木質藤本，也有一部分呈灌木狀或樹蕨狀，只有少部份是高可達10米的喬木。它們絕大部分有真蕨植物一樣的大型羽狀複葉和具有二歧分叉的主葉柄，但葉的表面角質層較真蕨類厚。

根據種子蕨類的解剖結構，它們既有蕨類植物性狀，又有裸子植物性狀；莖和根有像真蕨一樣的維管束，又有像蘇鐵一樣的形成層、次生木質部和次生韌皮部等。在種子蕨的生殖葉上長有花粉囊和種子，以種子進行繁殖。種子有的長在葉的羽片頂端，有的則生在葉的裂片上。

在種子蕨類植物中，至今僅發現兩例種子中有胚，大多數種子實際上是胚珠。胚珠有離生珠被。研究發現它們還沒有花，但已形成種子，這說明在植物系統發育過程中，種子的出現比花和果實更早；同時在胚珠的花粉室中，只看到有花粉粒，而未發現花粉管，這也是原始的性狀之一。由此可見，種子蕨是介於蕨類植物跟裸子植物之間的一個極其重要的植物類型，並成為許多現代裸子植物的起點。

## 系統發生

以下为种子植物的系統發生樹，种子蕨类的涵盖范围并未包含其共同祖先的所有后代（如被子植物及现代裸子植物），因而是一个並系群。

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|  种子植物
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 †Moresnetiopsida Doweld 2001 |
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 †皺羊齒綱 Lyginopteridopsida Novák 1961 emend. Anderson, Anderson & Cleal 2007 |
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 †Pachytestopsida Doweld 2001 |
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 †华丽木目 Callistophytales Rothwell 1981 emend. Anderson, Anderson & Cleal 2007 |
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 †盾籽綱 Peltaspermopsida Doweld 2001 |
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 †Umkomasiales Doweld 2001 |
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 †Phasmatocycadopsida Doweld 2001 |
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 †Pentoxylopsida Pant ex Doweld 2001 |
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 †Dictyopteridiopsida Doweld 2001 |
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 †擬蘇鐵綱 Cycadeoideopsida Scott 1923 |
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 †開通綱 Caytoniopsida Thomas ex Frenguelli 1946  |
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 被子植物 Angiosperms

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|  末端裸子植物
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 苏铁门 Cycadophyta

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 银杏门 Ginkgophyta

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 松柏门 Pinophyta

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|  Acrogymnospermae
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 | **种子蕨门** （并系群）
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## 註釋

* 维基共享资源上的相關多媒體資源：種子蕨門
* 維基物種上的相關信息：種子蕨門
* 延陵植物志 FLORA NGIANA （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）