# 番紅花屬

| 番紅花屬 |
| --- |
|  |
| *Crocus sativus* |
| 科学分类  |
| 界： | 植物界 Plantae |
| 演化支： | 维管植物 Tracheophyta |
| 演化支： | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
| 演化支： | 单子叶植物 Monocots |
| 目： | 天門冬目 Asparagales |
| 科： | 鳶尾科 Iridaceae |
| 亚科： | 番紅花亞科 Crocoideae |
| 属： | **番紅花屬 *Crocus L., 1753 |
| 模式種
 |
| *Crocus sativus* L.
 |
|  |
|  |
| 其中16種番紅花的分佈範圍
 |
| 異名
 |
| * *Safran* Medik.
* *Geanthus* Raf.
* *Crociris* Schur
 |

**番紅花屬**（又称**藏紅花**）是鳶尾科的一个属，是一类多年生球根植物。原產於欧洲爱琴海岸及小亞細亞至中亞。花叶细长而状似松树叶子。全世界共有约80种番红花。

藏紅花精的来源为番红花（*C. sativus*）的干燥柱头，可入药。

一隻蜜蜂于番紅花朵上
香番红花 *Crocus longiflorus*
## 下属物种

本属包括以下物种：

* *Crocus abantensis* T.Baytop & B.Mathew
* *Crocus abracteolus* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus adami* J.Gay
* *Crocus adamioides* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus adanensis* T.Baytop & B.Mathew
* *Crocus aerius* Herb.
* *Crocus akdagensis* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus akkayaensis* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus alatavicus* Regel & Semen.
* *Crocus albocoronatus* (Kernd.) Kernd., Pasche & Harpke
* *Crocus aleppicus* Baker
* *Crocus alexandri* Nicic ex Velen.
* *Crocus almehensis* C.D.Brickell & B.Mathew
* 黃金堆番紅花 *Crocus ancyrensis* (Herb.) Maw
* *Crocus angustifolius* Weston
* *Crocus angustifolius x flavus*
* *Crocus annulatus* Herb., 1841
* *Crocus antalyensioides* Ruksans
* *Crocus antalyensis* B.Mathew
* *Crocus antherotes* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus archibaldiorum* (Rukšāns) Rukšāns, 2014
* *Crocus arizelus* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus armeniensis* Ruksans
* *Crocus artvinensis* (J.Philippow) Grossh.
* *Crocus asumaniae* B.Mathew & T.Baytop
* *Crocus asymmetricus* Erol, 2020
* *Crocus athous* Bornm.
* *Crocus atrospermus* (Kernd. & Pasche) Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus atticus* (Boiss. & Orph.) Orph.
* *Crocus autranii* Albov
* *Crocus autumnalis* Ker Gawl., 1827
* *Crocus autumnalis* Mill.
* *Crocus autumnalis* Vis. ex Steud., 1840
* *Crocus babadagensis* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus balansae* J.Gay ex Maw
* 羅馬尼亞番紅花 *Crocus banaticus* J.Gay
* 藍綠番紅花 *Crocus baytopiorum* B.Mathew
* *Crocus berytius* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus beydaglarensis* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus bifloriformis* Kernd. & Pasche
* 雙花番紅花 *Crocus biflorus* Mill.
* *Crocus biflorus x Crocus chrysanthus*
* *Crocus boissieri* Maw
* *Crocus bolensis* (Rukšāns) Rukšāns, 2014
* 希臘番紅花 *Crocus boryi* J.Gay
* *Crocus boulosii* Greuter
* *Crocus bowlesianus* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus brachyfilus* I.Schneid.
* *Crocus brickellii* Rukšāns, 2014
* *Crocus bulbocodium* Pall., 1808
* *Crocus caelestis* (Kernd. & Pasche) Kernd., Pasche & Harpke
* *Crocus calanthus* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus cambessedesii* J.Gay
* *Crocus cambessedianus* Herb., 1845
* *Crocus cancellatus* Herb.
* *Crocus candidus* E.D.Clarke
* *Crocus cappadocicus* (B.Mathew) Ruksans
* *Crocus caricus* (Kernd. & Pasche) Kernd., Pasche & Harpke
* *Crocus carpetanus* Boiss. & Reut.
* 卡萊番紅花 *Crocus cartwrightianus* Herb.
* *Crocus caspius* Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
* *Crocus caspius* Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Hohen.
* 黃金番紅花 *Crocus chrysanthus* (Herb.) Herb.
* *Crocus clusii* J.Gay
* *Crocus coloreus* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus concinnus* Kernd. & Pasche
* 科西加番紅花 *Crocus corsicus* Vanucchi ex Maw, 1878
* *Crocus crestensis* Nyman, 1882
* *Crocus crewei* Hook.f.
* *Crocus cristensis* Eugène
* 南斯拉夫番紅花 *Crocus cvijicii* Kosanin
* *Crocus cyprius* Boiss. & Kotschy
* 達馬希亞番紅花 *Crocus dalmaticus* Vis.
* *Crocus damascenus* Herb.
* *Crocus danfordiae* Maw
* *Crocus danubensis* Kernd., Pasche, Randjel. & V.Randjel.
* *Crocus demirizianus* Erol & Can
* *Crocus dilekyarensis* Ruksans
* *Crocus dispathaceus* Bowles
* *Crocus dubius* E.H.L.Krause
* *Crocus duncanii* Ruksans
* *Crocus duplex* Weston
* 義大利番紅花 *Crocus etruscus* Parl.
* *Crocus fatuus* Medik.
* *Crocus fauseri* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus fibroannulatus* (Kernd. & Pasche) Kernd., Pasche & Harpke
* *Crocus filis-maculatis* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus flavus* Haw., 1812
* *Crocus flavus* Weston
* *Crocus fleischeri* J.Gay
* 橙黃番紅花 *Crocus gargaricus* Herb.
* *Crocus geghartii* Sosn.
* *Crocus gembosii* Ruksans
* *Crocus georgei* Ruksans
* *Crocus gilanicus* B.Mathew
* 多芽番紅花 *Crocus goulimyi* Turrill
* *Crocus grandiflorus* Raf.
* *Crocus graveolens* Boiss. & Reut.
* *Crocus gunae* Ruksans
* *Crocus guneri* (Yüzb.) Ruksans
* 網皮番紅花 *Crocus hadriaticus* Herb.
* *Crocus hakkariensis* (B.Mathew) Ruksans
* *Crocus hartmannianus* Holmboe
* *Crocus harveyi* Ruksans
* *Crocus hatayensis* Ruksans
* *Crocus haussknechtii* (Boiss. & Reut. ex Maw) Boiss.
* *Crocus heilbronniorum* Erol
* *Crocus hellenicus* (Rukšāns) Rukšāns, 2014
* *Crocus henrikii* Rukšāns, 2014
* *Crocus hermoneus* Kotschy ex Maw
* *Crocus heuffelianus* Herb.
* *Crocus hittiticus* T.Baytop & B.Mathew
* *Crocus hyemalis* Boiss. & Blanche
* *Crocus ibrahimii* (Rukšāns) Rukšāns, 2014
* *Crocus ilgazensis* (B.Mathew) Ruksans
* *Crocus ilvensis* Peruzzi & Carta
* 傑格番紅花 *Crocus imperati* Colla
* *Crocus imperati* Ten.
* *Crocus incognitus* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus incompletus* J.A.Richt.
* *Crocus inghamii* Ruksans
* *Crocus ionopharynx* (Kernd. & Pasche) Kernd., Pasche & Harpke
* *Crocus iranicus* Ruksans
* *Crocus isauricus* Siehe ex Bowles
* *Crocus istanbulensis* (B.Mathew) Ruksans
* *Crocus jablanicensis* Randjel. & V.Randjel.
* *Crocus janthinus* Weston
* *Crocus kangalensis* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus karamanensis* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus karduchorum* Kotschy ex Boiss., 1882
* *Crocus karduchorum* Kotschy ex Maw
* *Crocus kartaldagensis* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus katrancensis* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus keltepensis* Yüzb.
* *Crocus kerndorffiorum* Pasche
* *Crocus kofudagensis* Ruksans
* *Crocus korolkowii* Maw & Regel
* *Crocus kosaninii* Pulevic
* 黎巴嫩番紅花 *Crocus kotschyanus* Boiss., 1882
* *Crocus kotschyanus* K.Koch
* *Crocus kurdistanicus* (Maroofi & Assadi) Rukšāns, 2014
* 光皮番紅花 *Crocus laevigatus* Bory & Chaub.
* *Crocus laevigatus* Spruner ex Nyman, 1882
* *Crocus lagenaeflorus* Salisb.
* *Crocus lazicus* Boiss.
* *Crocus leichtlinii* (Dewer) Bowles
* *Crocus leucostylosus* (Kernd. & Pasche) Kernd., Pasche & Harpke
* *Crocus ligusticus* Mariotti
* 香番紅花 *Crocus longiflorus* Raf.
* *Crocus longiflorus* Rchb., 1832
* *Crocus lyciotauricus* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus lycius* (B.Mathew) Ruksans
* *Crocus lydius* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus macedonicus* Rukšāns, 2013
* *Crocus malatyensis* Kernd. & Pasche
* 雪白番紅花 *Crocus malyi* Vis.
* *Crocus marasensis* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus mathewii* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus mawii* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus mazziaricus* Herb.
* *Crocus mediotauricus* Kernd. & Pasche
* 法國番紅花 *Crocus medius*
* *Crocus melantherus* Boiss. & Orph. ex Maw
* *Crocus mersinensis* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus michelsonii* B.Fedtsch.
* *Crocus micranthus* Boiss.
* 小番紅花 *Crocus minimus* DC.
* *Crocus minimus* Redouté
* *Crocus minutus* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus moabiticus* Bornm.
* *Crocus mouradi* Whittall
* *Crocus muglaensis* Rukšāns, 2014
* *Crocus multicostatus* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus munzurense* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus musagecitii* Erol & Yildirim
* *Crocus mysius* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus naqabensis* Al-Eisawi & Kiswani
* *Crocus neapolitanus* (Ker Gawl.) Loisel.
* *Crocus neglectus* Peruzzi & Carta
* *Crocus nerimaniae* Yüzb.
* *Crocus nevadensis* Amo & Campo
* *Crocus nivalis* Bory & Chaub.
* *Crocus niveus* Bowles
* *Crocus novicii* V.Randjel. & Miljkovic
* *Crocus nubigena* Herb.
* 走莖番紅花 *Crocus nudiflorus* Sm.
* 乳黃番紅花 *Crocus ochroleucus* Boiss. & Gaill.
* *Crocus officinalis* Beck
* *Crocus olivieri* J.Gay
* *Crocus oreocreticus* B.L.Burtt
* *Crocus oreogenus* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus orphei* Karampl. & Constantin.
* *Crocus pallasii* Goldb.
* *Crocus pamphylicus* (B.Mathew) Ruksans
* *Crocus paschei* Kernd.
* *Crocus pelistericus* Pulevic
* *Crocus pelitensis* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus penicillatus* Steud., 1840
* *Crocus persicus* Hausskn.
* *Crocus pestalozzae* Boiss.
* *Crocus polyanthus* Weston
* *Crocus ponticus* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus pseudonubigena* (B.Mathew) Kernd., Pasche & Harpke
* 可愛番紅花 *Crocus pulchellus* Herb.
* *Crocus pulchricolor* (Herb.) Herb. ex Tchich.
* *Crocus pumilus* (Rukšāns) Rukšāns, 2014
* *Crocus punctatus* (B.Mathew) Kernd., Pasche & Harpke
* *Crocus puringii* Ruksans
* *Crocus randjeloviciorum* Kernd., Pasche, Harpke & Raca
* *Crocus rechingeri* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus reinhardii* Ruksans
* *Crocus reticulatus* Steven ex Adam
* *Crocus rhodensis* Ruksans
* *Crocus robertianus* C.D.Brickell
* *Crocus romuleoides* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus roseoviolaceus* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus rujanensis* Randjel. & D.A.Hill
* *Crocus ruksansii* Zubov
* *Crocus sakaltutanensis* Ruksans
* *Crocus sakariensis* (Rukšāns) Rukšāns, 2014
* *Crocus salurdagensis* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus salzmannii* J.Gay
* *Crocus sanandajensis* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus sarichinarensis* (Rukšāns) Rukšāns, 2017
* *Crocus sativus* Biv. ex Steud., 1840
* 番红花 *Crocus sativus* L.
* *Crocus sativus* Mill., 1768
* *Crocus sativus* Ten.
* *Crocus scardicus* Kosanin
* *Crocus scharojanii* Rupr.
* *Crocus schneideri* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus seisumsiana* Ruksans
* *Crocus serotinus* Bert.
* *Crocus siculus* Tineo
* *Crocus siculus* Tineo ex Guss., 1832
* 西柏番紅花 *Crocus sieberi* J.Gay
* *Crocus sieheanus* Barr ex B.L.Burtt
* *Crocus simavensis* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus sipyleus* (F.Candan & Özhatay) Ruksans
* *Crocus sivasensis* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus sozenii* Ruksans
* 美麗番紅花 *Crocus speciosus* Griseb., 1846
* *Crocus speciosus* M.Bieb.
* *Crocus speciosus* Rochel
* *Crocus stevensii* Ruksans
* *Crocus straussii* Hausskn.
* *Crocus striatulus* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus stridii* Papan. & Zacharof
* *Crocus suaveolens* Bertol.
* *Crocus susianus* Hayne ex Steud., 1840
* *Crocus suwarowianus* K.Koch, 1848
* *Crocus suworowianus* K.Koch
* *Crocus tahtaliensis* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus taseliensis* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus tauri* Maw
* *Crocus tauricus* (Trautv.) Puring
* *Crocus terzioghlui* Erol
* *Crocus thirkeanus* K.Koch
* *Crocus thomasii* Ten.
* *Crocus thracicus* Yüzb. & Aslan
* 托氏番紅花 *Crocus tommasinianus* Herb.
* *Crocus tournefortii* J.Gay
* *Crocus tuna-ekimii* Yüzb.
* *Crocus turcicus* (B.Mathew) Ruksans
* *Crocus uschakensis* Rukšāns, 2014
* *Crocus vaclavii* Rukšāns, 2013
* *Crocus vallecola* Herb., 1845
* *Crocus vallicola* Herb.
* *Crocus variegatus* Hoppe & Hornsch.
* *Crocus veluchensis* Herb.
* *Crocus veneris* Tapp. ex Poech
* 春番紅花 *Crocus vernus* (L.) Hill,荷蘭番紅花
* *Crocus versicolor* Barcelo, 1881
* *Crocus versicolor* KerGawl.
* *Crocus vitellinus* Wahlenb.
* *Crocus wattiorum* (B.Mathew) B.Mathew
* *Crocus weldenii* Hoppe & Fürnr.
* *Crocus xantholaimos* (B.Mathew) Ruksans
* *Crocus xanthosus* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus yakarianus* Yildirim & Erol
* *Crocus yalovensis* Ruksans
* *Crocus yaseminiae* Erol
* *Crocus yataganensis* (Kernd. & Pasche) Kernd., Pasche & Harpke
* *Crocus youngiorum* Ruksans & Zetterl.
* *Crocus zagrosensis* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus zanjanensis* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus zetterlundii* Ruksans
* *Crocus ziyaretensis* Kernd. & Pasche
* *Crocus zonatus* J.Gay, 1860
* *Crocus zubovii* Ruksans

杂交种：
* *Crocus ×asturicus* Herb.
* *Crocus ×fritschii* Derganc
* *Crocus ×gotoburgensis* R.Rolfe
* *Crocus ×helenae* D.Dubovik
* *Crocus ×hybridus* Petrovic
* *Crocus ×jessoppiae* Bowles
* *Crocus ×koritnicus* Randjel.
* *Crocus ×leonidii* Rukšāns
* *Crocus ×luteus* Lam.
* *Crocus ×nubigenoides* Randjel.
* *Crocus ×paulineae* Pasche & Kerndorff
* *Crocus ×petrovicii* Randjel.
* *Crocus ×submedius* Collins