# 天門冬目

| 天門冬目 化石时期：
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| 科学分类  |
| 界： | 植物界 Plantae |
| 演化支： | 维管植物 Tracheophyta |
| 演化支： | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
| 演化支： | 单子叶植物 Monocots |
| 目： | **天門冬目 Asparagales** Link, 1829 |
| 模式属
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| 天门冬属 *Asparagus* L., 1753
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| 科
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| * 石蒜科 Amaryllidaceae
* 天門冬科 Asparagaceae
* 芳香草科 Asteliaceae
* 香水花科 Blandfordiaceae
* 澳韭兰科 Boryaceae
* 矛花科 Doryanthaceae
* 仙茅科 Hypoxidaceae
* 鳶尾科 Iridaceae
* 鳶尾蒜科 Ixiolirionaceae
* 毛石蒜科 Lanariaceae
* 蘭科 Orchidaceae
* 藍星科 Tecophilaeaceae
* 阿福花科 Xanthorrhoeaceae
* 血剑草科 Xeronemataceae
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**天門冬目**（学名：Asparagales）是被子植物的一目，含14科，为單子葉植物中物种数最多的目，囊括了约50%的单子叶植物物种以及10-15%的被子植物物种。其下成员包括位列被子植物第二大科的兰科以及芦笋、葱属（如大葱、蒜）等重要食用植物，还包含水仙属、萱草属、风信子属等众多常见球根观赏花卉。

早期的分类系统中，现天门冬目的成员普遍被归为廣義百合目或蘭目。1998年以后，現代植物分類學者常使用被子植物APG分类法（如较新的被子植物APG IV分类法），其定义下的天门冬目沿用的是1829年德国植物学者约翰·海因里希·弗里德里希·林克所發表的學名。APG分类系统主要依据DNA所推算的系统发生树，遵循单系原则来定义目、科级的分类元；其定义下天门冬目主要的共衍征包括种皮含黑色色素等。APG系统下天门冬目的14科中，有11个都被推断为起源自冈瓦纳大陆（如澳大利亚和非洲南部）。

## 分類

依據《被子植物APG III分类法》(2009年)，天門冬目有下列各科：

* $石蒜科 Amaryllidaceae J.St.-Hil., nom. cons.（包含百子莲科 Agapanthaceae F.Voigt及葱科 Alliaceae Borkh., nom. cons.）
* $天门冬科 Asparagaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons.（包含龙舌兰科 Agavaceae Dumort., nom. cons.、星捧月科 Aphyllanthaceae Burnett、西丽草科 Hesperocallidaceae Traub、风信子科 Hyacinthaceae Batsch ex Borkh.、异蕊草科 Laxmanniaceae Bubani、假叶树科 Ruscaceae M.Roem., nom. cons.、紫灯花科 Themidaceae Salisb.）
* 芳香草科 Asteliaceae Dumort. (1829)
* 香水花科 Blandfordiaceae R.Dahlgren & Clifford (1985)
* 澳韭兰科 Boryaceae M.W.Chase, Rudall & Conran (1997)
* 矛花科 Doryanthaceae R.Dahlgren & Clifford (1985)
* 仙茅科 Hypoxidaceae R.Br. (1814), nom. cons.
* 鸢尾科 Iridaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons.
* 鸢尾蒜科 Ixioliriaceae Nakai (1943)
* 毛石蒜科 Lanariaceae R.Dahlgren & A.E.van Wyk (1988)
* 兰科 Orchidaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons.
* 蓝星科 Tecophilaeaceae Leyb. (1862), nom. cons.
* $刺叶树科 Xanthorrhoeaceae Dumort. (1829), nom. cons.（包含独尾草科 Asphodelaceae Juss.及萱草科 Hemerocallidaceae R.Br.）
* 血剑草科 Xeronemataceae M.W.Chase, Rudall & M.F.Fay (2000)
* $：APG II中具較寬鬆的定義，但APG III傾向採用的科名。

### 支序分类学

本目与单子叶植物各演化支的亲缘关系如下：

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| 单子叶植物 Monocots
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| 鸭跖草类 Commelinids
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鸭跖草目 Commelinales

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薑目 Zingiberales

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禾本目 Poales

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棕榈目 Arecales

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天門冬目 Asparagales

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百合目 Liliales

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薯蓣目 Dioscoreales

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露兜树目 Pandanales

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无叶莲目 Petrosaviales

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澤瀉目 Alismatales

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菖蒲目 Acorales

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## 注釋

## 參考文獻

* Group, The Angiosperm Phylogeny. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 2003, **141** (4): 399-436  [2025-03-17]. ISSN 1095-8339. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x. （原始内容存档于2022-10-16） （英语）.
* Group, The Angiosperm Phylogeny. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 2009, **161** (2): 105-121  [2025-03-17]. ISSN 1095-8339. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. （原始内容存档于2020-05-22） （英语）.