# 天蛾科

| 天蛾科 |
| --- |
|  |
| 小豆长喙天蛾（*Macroglossum stellatarum*）
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| 科学分类  |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 纲： | 昆虫纲 Insecta |
| 目： | 鱗翅目 Lepidoptera |
| 亚目： | 有喙亞目 Glossata |
| 演化支： | 腔鳞类 Coelolepida |
| 演化支： | 肌旋喙類 Myoglossata |
| 演化支： | 新鱗翅類 Neolepidoptera |
| 下目： | 異脈下目 Heteroneura |
| 演化支： | 真鱗翅類 Eulepidoptera |
| 演化支： | 真異脈類 Euheteroneura |
| 演化支： | 雙孔類 Ditrysia |
| 演化支： | 短突雙孔類 Apoditrysia |
| 演化支： | 螟蛾類 Obtectomera |
| 演化支： | 大異角類 Macroheterocera |
| 总科： | 蠶蛾總科 Bombycoidea |
| 科： | **天蛾科 Sphingidae** Samouelle，1819或 Latreille, 1802 |
| 模式種
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| *Sphinx ligustri* Linnaeus, 1758
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| 亞科
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|
見內文

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| 多样性
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| 200多個屬 約1,450個品種
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| 異名
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|
Cocytiidae

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**天蛾科**（学名：Sphingidae）是鱗翅目的一科，科名取自希腊语“Sphinx”，即希腊神话中的怪物“斯芬克斯”。天蛾科下轄200多個屬，約1,450個品種。本科物種大多數於熱帶生活，但其每一個地區都有其踪影。本科昆虫主要特征是前翅狭长，后翅呈短三角形，复眼大，胸部粗壮，腹部末端尖及呈流線型，触角端部细而弯曲。體型中等到大，所以可作快速及持續的飛行，最快可達每小時40到50公里。

## 分類

### 早期分類

在1903年，Rothschild and Jordan最先為天蛾科物種作科學化的分類，以物種有沒有感毛（microtrichia），把整個科分為感毛組與無感毛組兩大組，下設五亞科七大族，分別如下：

* 無感毛組(Rothschild & Jordan, 1903) Janse, 1932
	+ 面形天蛾亞科：約40屬200種
	+ 雲紋天蛾亞科（Ambulicinae）
* 感毛組 Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
	+ 透翅天蛾亞科
	+ 蜂形天蛾亞科
	+ 斜紋天蛾亞科

### 現時分類

現時的分類把原來的無感毛組一分為二，成為了天蛾亞科和目天蛾亞科；而原來的感毛組成為現在的長喙天蛾亞科。

天蛾科以下的200多個屬，現時分作三個亞科，分別如下：

* 長喙天蛾亞科（Macroglossinae Harris, 1839）
	+ Dilophonotini族
	+ 長喙天蛾族
	+ Philampelini族
* 目天蛾亞科（Smerinthinae）
	+ 鷹翅天蛾族（*Ambulycini*）
	+ 目天蛾族（*Smerinthini*）
	+ 絨天蛾族（*Sphingulini*）
* 天蛾亞科 Sphinginae
	+ 面形天蛾族 Acherontiini
	+ 天蛾族 Sphingini

### 属

* *Acanthosphinx* Aurivillius, 1892
* 面形天蛾属 *Acherontia* Laspeyres, 1809
* *Acosmerycoides* Mell, 1922
* *Acosmeryx* Boisduval, 1874
* *Adhemarius* Oiticica, 1939
* *Aellopos* Hübner, 1819
* *Afroclanis* Carcasson, 1968
* *Afrosataspes* Basquin & Cadiou, 1986
* *Afrosphinx* Carcasson, 1968
* *Agnosia* Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* *Agrius* Hübner, 1819
* *Akbesia* Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* *Aleuron* Boisduval, 1870
* *Altijuba* Lachlan, 1999
* *Ambulyx* Westwood, 1847
* *Amorpha* Hübner, 1809
* *Ampeloeca* Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* *Ampelophaga* Bremer & Grey, 1853
* *Amphimoea* Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* *Amphion* Hübner, 1819
* *Amplypterus* Hübner, 1819
* *Anambulyx* Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* *Andriasa Walker, 1856*
* *Angonyx Boisduval, 1874*
* *Antinephele Holland, 1889*
* *Apocalypsis Butler, 1876*
* *Arctonotus Boisduval, 1852*
* *Atemnora Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Autogramma Oiticica, 1946*
* *Avinoffia Clark, 1929*
* *Baniwa Lichy, 1981*
* *Barbourion Clark, 1934*
* *Basiothia Walker, 1856*
* *Batocnema Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Bergmania Bryk, 1946*
* *Berutana Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Cadiouclanis Eitschberger, 2007*
* *Callambulyx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Callionima Lucas, 1857*
* *Callosphingia Rothschild & Jordan, 1916*
* *Calymnia Walker, 1856*
* *Cautethia Grote, 1865*
* *Cechenena Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Cechetra*
* *Celerio Oken, 1815*
* *Centroctena Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Cephonodes Hübner, 1819*
* *Ceratomia Harris, 1839*
* *Cerberonoton*
* *Ceridia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Chaerocina Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Chelacnema*
* *Chloroclanis* Carcasson, 1968
* *Cizara* Walker, 1856
* *Clanidopsis* Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* *Clanis* Hübner, 1819
* *Clarina Tutt, 1903*
* *Cocytius Hübner, 1819*
* *Coelonia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Coenotes Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Coequosa Walker, 1856*
* *Compsogene Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Compsulyx Holloway, 1979*
* *Craspedortha Mell, 1922*
* *Cressonia Grote & Robinson, 1865*
* *Cypa Walker, 1864*
* *Cypoides Matsumura, 1921*
* *Dahira Moore, 1888*
* *Daphnis Hübner, 1819*
* *Daphnusa Walker, 1856*
* *Darapsa Walker, 1856*
* *Dargeclanis Eitschberger, 2007*
* *Degmaptera Hampson, 1896*
* *Deidamia Clemens, 1859*
* *Deilephila Laspeyres, 1809*
* *Diludia Grote & Robinson, 1865*
* *Dolba Walker, 1856*
* *Dolbina Staudinger, 1887*
* *Dolbogene Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Dovania* Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* *Elibia* Walker, 1856
* *Ellenbeckia* Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* *Enpinanga* Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* *Enyo* Hübner, 1819
* *Erinnis*
* *Erinnyis Hübner, 1819*
* *Euchloron Boisduval, 1875*
* *Eumorpha Hübner, 1807*
* *Eupanacra Cadiou & Holloway, 1989*
* *Euproserpinus Grote & Robinson, 1865*
* *Eupyrrhoglossum Grote, 1865*
* *Euryglottis Boisduval, 1874*
* *Eurypteryx Felder, 1874*
* *Falcatula Carcasson, 1968*
* *Gehlenia Bryk, 1944*
* *Giganteopalpus Huwe, 1895*
* *Gnathothlibus Wallengren, 1858*
* *Grammodia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Grillotius Rougeot, 1973*
* *Griseosphinx Cadiou & Kitching, 1990*
* *Gurelca Kirby, 1880*
* *Gynoeryx Carcasson, 1968*
* *Gynoeryx Guenée, 1865*
* *Haemaris Dalman, 1816*
* *Hayesiana Fletcher, 1982*
* *Hemaris Dalman, 1816*
* *Hemeroplanes Hübner, 1819*
* *Heppneriana*
* *Himantoides Butler, 1877*
* *Hippotion Hübner, 1819*
* *Hopliocnema Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Hoplistopus Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Hyles Hübner, 1819*
* 松天蛾属 *Hyloicus* Hübner, 1819
* *Hypaedalea* Butler, 1877
* *Hypaedalia* Butler, 1877
* *Ihlegramma* Eitschberger, 2003
* *Imber* Moulds, Tuttle & Lane, 2010
* *Isognathus* Felder & Felder, 1862
* *Isogramma* Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* *Isoparce* Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* *Kentrochrysalis* Staudinger, 1887
* *Kloneus* Skinner, 1923
* *Langia Moore, 1872*
* *Laothoe Fabricius, 1807*
* *Lapara Walker, 1856*
* *Lepchina Oberthür, 1904*
* *Leptoclanis Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Leucomonia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Leucophlebia Westwood, 1847*
* *Leucorhampha Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Leucostrophus Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Likoma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Litosphingia Jordan, 1920*
* *Lomocyma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Lophostethus Butler, 1876*
* *Lycosphingia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Maassenia Saalmüller, 1884*
* *Macroglossum Scopoli, 1777*
* *Macropoliana Carcasson, 1968*
* *Madoryx Boisduval, 1875*
* *Malgassoclanis Carcasson, 1968*
* *Manduca Hübner, 1807*
* *Marumba Moore, 1882*
* *Megacorma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Meganoton Boisduval, 1874*
* *Metamimas Butler, 1877*
* *Micracosmeryx Mell, 1922*
* *Microclanis Carcasson, 1968*
* *Microsphinx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Mimas Hübner, 1819*
* *Mioclanis Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994*
* *Monarda Druce, 1896*
* *Morwennius Cassidy, Allen & Harman, 2002*
* *Nannoparce Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Neoclanis Carcasson, 1968*
* *Neococytius Hodges, 1971*
* *Neogene Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Neogurelca Hogenes & Treadaw, 1993*
* *Neopolyptychus Carcasson, 1968*
* *Nephele Hübner, 1819*
* *Notonagemia*
* *Nyceryx Boisduval, 1874*
* *Oberthurion Clark, 1923*
* *Odontosida Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Oligographa Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Opistoclanis Jordan, 1929*
* *Oplerclanis Eitschberger, 2007*
* *Orecta Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Oryba Walker, 1856*
* *Oxyambulyx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Pachygonidia Fletcher, 1982*
* *Pachylia Walker, 1856*
* *Pachylioides Hodges, 1971*
* *Pachysphinx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Panogena Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Pantophaea Jordan, 1946*
* *Pantophaea Oiticica, 1946*
* *Paonias Hübner, 1819*
* *Paratrea Grote, 1903*
* *Parum Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Pentateucha Swinhoe, 1908*
* *Pergesa Walker, 1856*
* *Perigonia Herrich-Schäffer, 1854*
* *Phanoxyla Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Philodila Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Pholus Hübner, 1819*
* *Phryxus Hübner, 1819*
* *Phyllosphingia Swinhoe, 1897*
* *Phylloxiphia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Pierreclanis Eitschberger, 2007*
* *Platysphinx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Poliana Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Poliodes Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Polyptychopsis Carcasson, 1968*
* *Polyptychus Hübner, 1819*
* *Praedora Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Proserpinus Hübner, 1819*
* *Protaleuron Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Protambulyx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Protoparce Burmeister, 1855*
* *Pseudandriasa Carcasson, 1968*
* *Pseudenyo Holland, 1889*
* *Pseudoangonyx Eitschberger, 2010*
* *Pseudoclanis Rothschild, 1894*
* *Pseudodolbina Rothschild, 1894*
* *Pseudopolyptychus Carcasson, 1968*
* *Pseudosphinx Burmeister, 1856*
* *Psilogramma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Rethera Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Rhadinopasa Druce, 1880*
* *Rhadinopasa Karsch, 1891*
* *Rhagastis Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Rhodafra Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Rhodambulyx Mell, 1939*
* *Rhodoprasina Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Rhyncholaba Rothschild & Jordan, 1903*
* *Rothinjoa*
* *Rufoclanis Carcasson, 1968*
* *Sagenosoma Jordan, 1946*
* *Sagenosoma Oiticica, 1946*
* *Sataspes Moore, 1857*
* *Smerinthulus Huwe, 1895*
* *Smerinthus Latreille, 1802*
* *Sphecodina Blanchard, 1840*
* *Sphingidites Kernbach, 1967*
* *Sphingonaepiopsis Wallengren, 1858*
* *Sphingoneopsis Wallengren, 1858*
* *Sphingulus Staudinger, 1887*
* 天蛾属 *Sphinx* Linnaeus, 1758
* *Stolidoptera* Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* *Synoecha* Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* *Syzygia* Grote & Robinson, 1865
* *Temnora* Walker, 1856
* *Temnoripais* Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* *Tetrachroa* Rothschild & Jordan, 1909
* *Thamnoecha* Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* *Theretra* Hübner, 1819
* *Thibetia* Joicey & Kaye, 1917
* *Tinostoma* Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* *Triptogon* Ménétriés, 1857
* *Trogolegnum* Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* *Unzela* Walker, 1856
* *Viriclanis* Aarvik, 1999
* *Xanthopan* Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* *Xenosphingia* Jordan, 1920
* *Xylophanes* Hübner, 1819
* *Zacria* Haxaire & Melichar, 2003

## 参考资料

* 維基物種上的相關信息：天蛾科
* European Butterflies and Moths
* Sphingidae of the United States
* Family Sphingidae at Lepidoptera.pro
* Pictures
* Australian Museum Fact Sheet - Hawk Moths（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
* CATE-Sphingidae: a recently initiated project to produce a "one-stop shop" for Sphingidae taxonomy（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
* CSIRO: Australian Moths Online - Sphingidae
* ACG Sphingidae of Costa Rica images.
* List of Sphingidae Types（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (Museum Witt München).
* Flickr（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Images, mosly excellent