# 线形文字B[编辑]

| 線形文字B  |
| --- |
|  |
| 类型 | 音節文字 （帶有額外的表意符號） |
| 使用时期 | 青銅時代晚期 |
| 状态 | 滅亡 |
| 书写方向 | 從左至右  |
| 语言 | 邁錫尼希臘語 |
| 相关书写系统 |
| 母系统 | 線形文字A（可能）* 線形文字B
 |
| 姊妹系统 | 塞浦路斯-米諾斯音節文字 |
| ISO 15924 |
| ISO 15924 | Linb (401), ​Linear B |
| Unicode |
| 别名 | Linear B |
| 范围 | U+10000–U+1007F 音節符號 U+10080–U+100FF 表意符號 |
|

**线形文字B**是希腊迈锡尼文明时期的一种音节文字。线形文字B出现于青铜时代晚期，早于希腊字母（约公元前15世纪）数个世纪，随着迈锡尼文明的衰落而消逝。写有线形文字B的泥板大部分发现于克诺索斯、科多尼亚、皮洛斯、底比斯、迈锡尼等地。后继的希腊黑暗时代，目前尚未发现线形文字B的实物。

1952年，迈克尔·文特里斯成功释读线形文字B。线形文字B主要在克里特岛和希腊本土南部地区使用，时间大约为西元前1500年-西元前1200年。 线形文字B似乎与更早的线形文字A有某种联系。

## 文字

### 音節符號

| 已经释读的文字符号(元音、辅音+元音)
 |
| --- |
|  | -a
 | -e
 | -i
 | -o
 | -u
 |
|  | 𐀀  | a
* 08
 | 𐀁  | e
* 38
 | 𐀂  | i
* 28
 | 𐀃  | o
* 61
 | 𐀄  | u
* 10
 |
| d-
 | 𐀅  | da
* 01
 | 𐀆  | de
* 45
 | 𐀇  | di
* 07
 | 𐀈  | do
* 14
 | 𐀉  | du
* 51
 |
| j-
 | 𐀊  | ja
* 57
 | 𐀋  | je
* 46
 |  | 𐀍  | jo
* 36
 |  |
| k-
 | 𐀏  | ka
* 77
 | 𐀐  | ke
* 44
 | 𐀑  | ki
* 67
 | 𐀒  | ko
* 70
 | 𐀓  | ku
* 81
 |
| m-
 | 𐀔  | ma
* 80
 | 𐀕  | me
* 13
 | 𐀖  | mi
* 73
 | 𐀗  | mo
* 15
 | 𐀘  | mu
* 23
 |
| n-
 | 𐀙  | na
* 06
 | 𐀚  | ne
* 24
 | 𐀛  | ni
* 30
 | 𐀜  | no
* 52
 | 𐀝  | nu
* 55
 |
| p-
 | 𐀞  | pa
* 03
 | 𐀟  | pe
* 72
 | 𐀠  | pi
* 39
 | 𐀡  | po
* 11
 | 𐀢  | pu
* 50
 |
| q-
 | 𐀣  | qa
* 16
 | 𐀤  | qe
* 78
 | 𐀥  | qi
* 21
 | 𐀦  | qo
* 32
 |  |
| r-
 | 𐀨  | ra
* 60
 | 𐀩  | re
* 27
 | 𐀪  | ri
* 53
 | 𐀫  | ro
* 02
 | 𐀬  | ru
* 26
 |
| s-
 | 𐀭  | sa
* 31
 | 𐀮  | se
* 09
 | 𐀯  | si
* 41
 | 𐀰  | so
* 12
 | 𐀱  | su
* 58
 |
| t-
 | 𐀲  | ta
* 59
 | 𐀳  | te
* 04
 | 𐀴  | ti
* 37
 | 𐀵  | to
* 05
 | 𐀶  | tu
* 69
 |
| w-
 | 𐀷  | wa
* 54
 | 𐀸  | we
* 75
 | 𐀹  | wi
* 40
 | 𐀺  | wo
* 42
 |  |
| z-
 | 𐀼  | za
* 17
 | 𐀽  | ze
* 74
 |  | 𐀿  | zo
* 20
 |  |

### 特殊和未知符號

| 特殊音值
 |
| --- |
| 字符
 | 𐁀  | 𐁁  | 𐁂  | 𐁃  | 𐁄  | 𐁅  | 𐁇  | 𐁆  | 𐁈  | 𐁉  | 𐁊  | 𐁋  | 𐁌  | 𐁍  |
| 轉寫
 | a2 (ha)
 | a3 (ai)
 | au
 | dwe
 | dwo
 | nwa
 | pte
 | pu2 (phu)
 | ra2 (rya)
 | ra3 (rai)
 | ro2 (ryo)
 | ta2 (tya)
 | twe
 | two
 |
| Bennett編碼
 | \*25
 | \*43
 | \*85
 | \*71
 | \*90
 | \*48
 | \*62
 | \*29
 | \*76
 | \*33
 | \*68
 | \*66
 | \*87
 | \*91
 |

| 未轉寫和未確定的音值
 |
| --- |
| 字符
 | 𐁐  | 𐁑  | 𐁒  | 𐁓  |  | 𐁔  | 𐁕  | 𐁖  | 𐁗  | 𐁘  | 𐀎  | 𐁙  | 𐁚  | 𐁛  | 𐁜  | 𐁝  |
| 轉寫
 | \*18
 | \*19
 | \*22
 | \*34
 | \*35
 | \*47
 | \*49
 | pa3?
 | \*63
 | swi?
 | ju?
 | zu?
 | swa?
 | \*83
 | \*86
 | \*89
 |
| Bennett編碼
 | \*18
 | \*19
 | \*22
 | \*34
 | \*35
 | \*47
 | \*49
 | \*56
 | \*63
 | \*64
 | \*65
 | \*79
 | \*82
 | \*83
 | \*86
 | \*89
 |

### 表意符号

表意符號
| 字符
 | 编码
 | 贝内特编码
 | CIPEM
 | 含義
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **人和動物** |
|  | U+10080
 | 100 A-
 | **VIR** vir
 | 人
 |
|  | U+10081
 | 102 A-
 | **MUL** mulier
 | 女人
 |
|  | U+10082
 | 104 Cn
 | **CERV** cervus
 | 鹿
 |
| 𐂃 | U+10083
 | 105 Ca S-
 | **EQU** equus
 | 马
 |
| 𐂄 | U+10084
 | 105 Ca
 | **EQU**f | 母马
 |
| 𐂅 | U+10085
 | 105 Ca
 | **EQU**m | 公马
 |
| 𐀥 | U+10025
 | 106 QI \*21
 | **OVIS** ovis
 | 羊
 |
| 𐀥 |  |  WE \*75
 | **we-ka-ta** Bous ergatēs
 | "Adjunct to ox" (1973)
 |
| 𐂆 | U+10086
 | 106b C- D-
 | **母羊**f | EWE
 |
| 𐂇 | U+10087
 | 106a C- D-
 | **绵羊**m | RAM
 |
| 𐁒 | U+10052
 | 107 RA \*22
 | **CAP** capra
 | 山羊
 |
| 𐂈 | U+10088
 | 107b C- Mc
 | **CAP**f | 母山羊
 |
| 𐂉 | U+10089
 | 107a C-
 | **CAP**m | 公山羊
 |
| 𐁂 | U+10042
 | 108 AU \*85 C-
 | **SUS** sūs
 | 猪
 |
| 𐂊 | U+1008A
 | 108b C-
 | **SUS**f | 母猪
 |
| 𐂋 | U+1008B
 | 108a C-
 | **SUS**m | 公猪
 |
| 𐀘 | U+10018
 | 109 MU \*23 C-
 | **BOS** bōs
 | 牛
 |
| 𐂌 | U+1008C
 | 109b C-
 | **BOS**f | 奶牛
 |
| 𐂍 | U+1008D
 | 109a C-
 | **BOS**m | 公牛
 |
| **度量單位** |
|  |  | 110
 | **Z** kotylai
 | 体积单位 杯
 |
|  |  | 111
 | **V** khoinikes
 | 体积单位
 |
|  |  | 112
 | **T** | 干量
 |
|  |  | 113
 | **S** | 液量单位
 |
|  |  | 114
 |  | 重量
 |
|  |  | \*21
 |  | 重量
 |
|  |  | \*2
 |  | 重量
 |
|  |  | 115
 | **P** | 重量
 |
|  |  | 116
 | **N** | 重量
 |
|  |  | 117
 | **M** dimnaion
 | 重量
 |
|  |  | 118
 | **L** talanton
 | TALENT
 |
|  |  | \*72 G-
 |  | Bunch?
 |
|  |  | \*74 S-
 |  | 双
 |
|  |  | \*15 S-
 |  | 单个
 |
|  |  | \*61
 |  | Deficit
 |
| **按乾物測量** |
| 𐂎 | U+1008E
 | 120 E- F-
 | **GRA** grānum
 | 小麦
 |
| 𐂏 | U+1008F
 | 121 F-
 | **HORD** hordeum
 | 大麦
 |
| 𐂐 | U+10090
 | 122 F- U-
 | **OLIV** olīva
 | 橄榄
 |
| 𐀛 | U+1001B
 | NI \*30 F
 | **FICUS** | 无花果
 |
| 𐀎 | U+1000E
 | \*65
 | **FARINA** | 面粉 "某种谷物"
 |
| 𐂑 | U+10091
 | 123 G- Un
 | **AROM** arōma
 | 佐料
 |
|  |  | KO \*70 G-
 |  | 芫荽
 |
| 𐀭 | U+1002D
 | SA \*31 G-
 |  | 芝麻
 |
|  |  | KU \*81 G-
 |  | 孜然芹
 |
|  |  | SE \*9 G-
 |  | 芹菜
 |
|  |  | MA \*80 G-
 |  | 茴香
 |
|  |  | 124 G-
 | **PYC** | 莎草
 |
| 𐂒 | U+10092
 | 125 F-
 | **CYP** | 莎草?
 |
|  |  | 126 F-
 | **CYP**+**KU** | 莎草+ku
 |
| 𐂓 | U+10093
 | 127 Un
 | **KAPO** | 水果?
 |
| 𐂔 | U+10094
 | 128 G-
 | **KANAKO** | 红花
 |
| **按液體測量** |
| **按重量** |
| **按重量或按單位** |
| **按單位計數** |
| **容器** |
| 𐃟 | U+100DF
 | 200
 |  sartāgo
 | 蒸煮锅
 |
| 𐃠 | U+100E0
 | 201
 | **TRI** tripūs
 | 三足大锅
 |
| 𐃡 | U+100E1
 | 202
 |  pōculum
 | GOBLET?
 |
| 𐃢 | U+100E2
 | 203
 |  urceus
 | 酒罐?
 |
| 𐃣 | U+100E3
 | 204 Ta
 |  hirnea
 | 大口水壶
 |
| 𐃤 | U+100E4
 | 205 K Tn
 |  hirnula
 | 水壶
 |
| 𐃥 | U+100E5
 | 206
 | **HYD** hydria
 | 提水罐
 |
| 𐃦 | U+100E6
 | 207
 |  | 三足双耳瓶
 |
| 𐃧 | U+100E7
 | 208
 | **PAT** patera
 | 碗
 |
| 𐃨 | U+100E8
 | 209
 | **AMPH** amphora
 | 双耳瓶
 |
| 𐃩 | U+100E9
 | 210
 |  | STIRRIP JAR
 |
| 𐃪 | U+100EA
 | 211
 |  | 水箱?
 |
| 𐃫 | U+100EB
 | 212
 | **SIT** situla
 | 水罐?
 |
| 𐃬 | U+100EC
 | 213
 | **LANX** lanx
 | 烹饪碗
 |
| **家具** |
| 𐃄 | U+100C4
 | 220 Ta
 |  scamnum
 | 脚凳
 |
| 𐃅 | U+100C5
 | 225
 | **ALV** alveus
 |  |
| **武器** |
| 𐃆 | U+100C6
 | 230 R
 | **HAS** hasta
 | 矛
 |
| 𐃇 | U+100C7
 | 231 R
 | **SAG** sagitta
 | 箭
 |
| 𐃈 | U+100C8
 | 232 Ta
 | \*232
 | ?
 |
| 𐃉 | U+100C9
 | 233 Ra
 |  | 短剑
 |
| 𐃊 | U+100CA
 | 234
 | **GLA** gladius
 | 弓
 |
| **車輛** |
| 𐃌 | U+100CC
 | 240 Sc
 | **BIG** biga
 | 轮式车
 |
| 𐃍 | U+100CD
 | 241 Sd Se
 | **CUR** currus
 | 无轮车
 |
| 𐃎 | U+100CE
 | 242 Sf Sg
 | **CAPS** capsus
 | 轮式车车架
 |
| 𐃏 | U+100CF
 | 243 Sa So
 | **ROTA** rota
 | 车轮
 |

### 线形文字B的Unicode编码

Unicode4.0之后的为线形文字B提供了编码码位，其中音节符号码位为10000–1007F，表意符号码位为10080–100FF。

|  |
| --- |
| **線形文字B音節文字Linear B Syllabary** Unicode Consortium 官方碼表 (PDF)
 |
|  | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F
 |
| U+1000x
 | 𐀀 | 𐀁 | 𐀂 | 𐀃 | 𐀄 | 𐀅 | 𐀆 | 𐀇
 | 𐀈 | 𐀉 | 𐀊 | 𐀋 |  | 𐀍 | 𐀎 | 𐀏
 |
| U+1001x
 | 𐀐 | 𐀑 | 𐀒 | 𐀓 | 𐀔 | 𐀕 | 𐀖 | 𐀗
 | 𐀘 | 𐀙 | 𐀚 | 𐀛 | 𐀜 | 𐀝 | 𐀞 | 𐀟
 |
| U+1002x
 | 𐀠 | 𐀡 | 𐀢 | 𐀣 | 𐀤 | 𐀥 | 𐀦 |  | 𐀨 | 𐀩 | 𐀪 | 𐀫 | 𐀬 | 𐀭 | 𐀮 | 𐀯
 |
| U+1003x
 | 𐀰 | 𐀱 | 𐀲 | 𐀳 | 𐀴 | 𐀵 | 𐀶 | 𐀷
 | 𐀸 | 𐀹 | 𐀺 |  | 𐀼 | 𐀽 |  | 𐀿
 |
| U+1004x
 | 𐁀 | 𐁁 | 𐁂 | 𐁃 | 𐁄 | 𐁅 | 𐁆 | 𐁇
 | 𐁈 | 𐁉 | 𐁊 | 𐁋 | 𐁌 | 𐁍 |  |  |
| U+1005x
 | 𐁐 | 𐁑 | 𐁒 | 𐁓 | 𐁔 | 𐁕 | 𐁖 | 𐁗
 | 𐁘 | 𐁙 | 𐁚 | 𐁛 | 𐁜 | 𐁝 |  |  |
| U+1006x
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| U+1007x
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

|  |
| --- |
| **線形文字B表意文字Linear B Ideograms** Consortium 官方碼表 (PDF)
 |
|  | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F
 |
| U+1008x
 | 𐂀 | 𐂁 | 𐂂 | 𐂃 | 𐂄 | 𐂅 | 𐂆 | 𐂇
 | 𐂈 | 𐂉 | 𐂊 | 𐂋 | 𐂌 | 𐂍 | 𐂎 | 𐂏
 |
| U+1009x
 | 𐂐 | 𐂑 | 𐂒 | 𐂓 | 𐂔 | 𐂕 | 𐂖 | 𐂗
 | 𐂘 | 𐂙 | 𐂚 | 𐂛 | 𐂜 | 𐂝 | 𐂞 | 𐂟
 |
| U+100Ax
 | 𐂠 | 𐂡 | 𐂢 | 𐂣 | 𐂤 | 𐂥 | 𐂦 | 𐂧
 | 𐂨 | 𐂩 | 𐂪 | 𐂫 | 𐂬 | 𐂭 | 𐂮 | 𐂯
 |
| U+100Bx
 | 𐂰 | 𐂱 | 𐂲 | 𐂳 | 𐂴 | 𐂵 | 𐂶 | 𐂷
 | 𐂸 | 𐂹 | 𐂺 | 𐂻 | 𐂼 | 𐂽 | 𐂾 | 𐂿
 |
| U+100Cx
 | 𐃀 | 𐃁 | 𐃂 | 𐃃 | 𐃄 | 𐃅 | 𐃆 | 𐃇
 | 𐃈 | 𐃉 | 𐃊 | 𐃋 | 𐃌 | 𐃍 | 𐃎 | 𐃏
 |
| U+100Dx
 | 𐃐 | 𐃑 | 𐃒 | 𐃓 | 𐃔 | 𐃕 | 𐃖 | 𐃗
 | 𐃘 | 𐃙 | 𐃚 | 𐃛 | 𐃜 | 𐃝 | 𐃞 | 𐃟
 |
| U+100Ex
 | 𐃠 | 𐃡 | 𐃢 | 𐃣 | 𐃤 | 𐃥 | 𐃦 | 𐃧
 | 𐃨 | 𐃩 | 𐃪 | 𐃫 | 𐃬 | 𐃭 | 𐃮 | 𐃯
 |
| U+100Fx
 | 𐃰 | 𐃱 | 𐃲 | 𐃳 | 𐃴 | 𐃵 | 𐃶 | 𐃷
 | 𐃸 | 𐃹 | 𐃺 |  |  |  |  |  |

* 线形文字A
* 塞浦路斯音節文字

## 註釋

## 參考文獻

* Carpenter, Rhys, (1957) "Linear B" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, *Phoenix*, Vol. 11, No. 2 (Summer, 1957), pp. 47–62
* Chadwick, John. The Decipherment of Linear B. Second edition (1990). Cambridge UP. 1958  [2016-04-05]. ISBN 0-521-39830-4. （原始内容存档于2020-05-22）.
* Chadwick, John. The Mycenaean World. Cambridge UP. 1976. ISBN 0-521-29037-6.
* Chadwick, John. Linear B and Related Scripts; "Reading the Past". Third impression (1997). University of California Press/British Museum. 1987. ISBN 0-520-06019-9.  has the Enkomi clay tablet, circa 1500 BCE., examples of Linear B tablets, and translated, the basic Linear B *syllabary*, the Cypriot *syllabary* and discussions thereof, and short sections on Linear A, and the Phaistos Disk.
* Fox, Margalit. The Riddle of the Labyrinth: The Quest to Crack an Ancient Code. Ecco. 2013. ISBN 978-0062228833.
* Levin, Saul. The Linear B Decipherment Controversy Re-examined. State University of New York Press. 1964. OCLC 288842.
* McDorman, Richard E. Language and the Ancient Greeks and On the Decipherment of Linear B (A Pair of Essays). 2010. ISBN 978-0-9839112-3-4.
* Palaima, Thomas G., "Unlocking the Secrets of Ancient Writing: The Parallel Lives of Michael Ventris and Linda Schele and the Decipherment of Mycenaean and Mayan Writing" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, University of Texas at Austin, Eleventh International Mycenological Colloquium, 2000.
* Robinson, Andrew. The Story of Writing. Paperback edition (1999). Thames and Hudson. 1995. ISBN 0-500-28156-4.  Chapter 6, Linear B, pp 108–119: discusses Arthur Evans, his work, the Cypriot clues, the *syllabary*, Alice Kober, the "Grid", and a sample tablet *transliterated, and translated into English.*
* Robinson, Andrew *The Man Who Deciphered Linear B: the story of Michael Ventris* (2002) Thames & Hudson ISBN 0500510776
* Singh, Simon. The Code Book. Anchor. 2000. ISBN 0-385-49532-3.  for a general outline of the Linear B deciphering story, from Schliemann to Chadwick.
* Ventris, Michael. Work notes on Minoan language research and other unedited papers. Edizioni dell'Ateneo 1988 Roma. 1988.
* Ventris, Michael; Chadwick, John. Documents in Mycenaean Greek Second. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1973. ISBN 0-521-08558-6.
* Ventris, Michael; Chadwick, John (1953) "Evidence for Greek Dialect in the Mycenaean Archives" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, *The Journal of Hellenic Studies*, Vol. 73, (1953), pp. 84–103.

* Ager, Simon. Linear B. Omniglot. 1998–2009  [2009-01-06]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-28）.
* Clark, Curtis. TrueType Fonts: Ancient alphabets and mythic symbols: Linear B. Curtis Clark. 1992–1998  [2012-11-24]. （原始内容存档于2016-11-04）.
* Gavalas, Markos. MYCENAEAN (Linear B) - ENGLISH Dictionary (PDF). explorecrete.com.  [2009-01-11]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-11-06）.
* 开放目录项目中的“线形文字B”
* Lo, Lawrence. Linear B. AncientScripts.com. 1996–2005  [2009-01-05]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-28）.