# 美國舊西部[编辑]

美國舊西部| 約1887年的一個美國西部牛仔 |
| 日期 | * 1607–1912 (领土扩张)

* 1865–1890 (Archetypal Old West Period)
 |
| 地点 |  美国（現時） 以下按歷史時序上並吞併/併購/同化的次序排列:
* 十三殖民地
* 新瑞典
* 新尼德蘭
* 新法蘭西
* 佛蒙特共和國
* 法屬路易斯安那
* 魯珀特地（達科他地區）
* 大蘇族國
* 西屬佛羅里達
* 印第安領地
* Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma
* Cherokee Nation
* Chickasaw Nation
* Muscogee Creek Nation
* 塞米諾爾人
* 德克萨斯共和国
* 奧勒岡邦
* 墨西哥割讓地
* 加利福尼亞共和國
* 新墨西哥
* 蓋茲登
* 俄屬北美
* 夏威夷共和國
 |

**美國西部拓荒时代**（英語：American frontier）、**美国旧西部**（英語：American Old West）或**狂野西部**（英語：Wild West）是指美國領土擴張時期，美國西部的歷史、地理、居民、文化等多元內涵的呈現。這段時間從17世纪初的英國美洲殖民地時期到1912年建立最後一個美國本土的州亚利桑那州為止。

## 美國領土地图

* 1789年時的美國領土
* 1845–46年時的美國領土
* 1884–89年時的美國領土
* 1912年時的美國領土

## 延伸阅读

### 国势研究

* Billington, Ray Allen, and Martin Ridge. *Westward Expansion: A History of the American Frontier* (5th ed. 2001); 892 pp; textbook with 160 –pp of detailed annotated bibliographies older edition online; also online 2001 abridged edition to borrow
* Billington, Ray Allen. *The Far Western frontier, 1830–1860* (1962), Wide-ranging scholarly survey; online free
* Clark, Thomas D. *The rampaging frontier: Manners and humors of pioneer days in the South and the Middle West* (1939).
* Deverell, William, ed. *A Companion to the American West* (Blackwell Companions to American History) (2004); 572 pp excerpt and text search
* Hawgood, John A. *America's Western Frontiers* (1st ed. 1967); 234 pp; textbook covering pre-Columbian era through the mid-twentieth century
* Heard, J. Norman. *Handbook of the American Frontier* (5 vol Scarecrow Press, 1987–98); Covers 1: *The Southeastern Woodlands*, 2: *The Northeastern Woodlands*, 3: *The Great Plains*, 4: *The Far West* and vol. 5: *Chronology, Bibliography, Index*. Compilation of Indian-white contacts & conflicts
* Hine, Robert V., and John Mack Faragher. *The American West: A New Interpretive History* (Yale University Press, 2000). 576 pp.; textbook
* Josephy, Alvin. *The American heritage book of the pioneer spirit* (1965)
* Lamar, Howard, ed. *The New Encyclopedia of the American West* (1998); this is a revised version of *Reader's Encyclopedia of the American West* ed. by Howard Lamar (1977)
* Michno, F. Gregory. Encyclopedia of Indian wars: Western battles and skirmishes 1850–1890. Missoula: Mountain Press Publishing Company. 2009. ISBN 978-0878424689.
* Milner, Clyde, Carol O'Connor, and Martha Sandweiss, eds. *The Oxford History of the American West* (1994) long essays by scholars; online free
* Paxson, Frederic Logan. *History of the American frontier, 1763–1893* (1924), an old survey by leading authority; Pulitzer Prize
* Paxson, Frederic Logan. *The Last American Frontier* (1910) online free
* Snodgrass, Mary Ellen, ed. *Settlers of the American West: The Lives of 231 Notable Pioneers*, (2015) McFarland & Company, ISBN 978-0786497355
* Utley, Robert M. *The Story of The West* (2003)
* White, Richard. *"It's Your Misfortune and None of My Own": A New History of the American West* (1991), textbook focused on the post-1890 far west

### 土地政策

* Gates, Paul W. "An overview of American land policy". *Agricultural History* (1976): 213–29. in JSTOR （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
* Gates, Paul W. "Homesteading in the High Plains". *Agricultural History* (1977): 109–33. in JSTOR （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
* Otto, John Solomon. *The Southern Frontiers, 1607–1860: The Agricultural Evolution of the Colonial and Antebellum South* (ABC-CLIO, 1989).
* Swierenga, Robert P. "Land Speculation and Its Impact on American Economic Growth and Welfare: A Historiographical Review". *Western Historical Quarterly* (1977) 8#3 pp: 283–302. in JSTOR （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
* Unruh, John David. *The Plains Across: The Overland Emigrants and the Trans-Mississippi West, 1840–1860* (1993)
* Van Atta, John R. *Securing the West: Politics, Public Lands, and the Fate of the Old Republic, 1785–1850* (2014) xiii + 294 pp. online review （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
* Wishart, David J. (编). Encyclopedia of the Great Plains. University of Nebraska Press. 2004. ISBN 0803247877.

### 历史学论

* Billington, Ray Allen. *America's Frontier Heritage* (1984), a favorable analysis of Turner's theories about social sciences and historiography online
* Etulain, Richard W., "Clio's Disciples on the Rio Grande: Western History at the University of New Mexico", *New Mexico Historical Review* 87 (Summer 2012), 277–98.
* Etulain, Richard W. (编). Writing Western History: Essays On Major Western Historians. U. of Nevada Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0874175172.
* Hurtado, Albert L., "Bolton and Turner: The Borderlands and American Exceptionalism", *Western Historical Quarterly*, (Spring 2013) 44#1 pp. 5–20.
* Lewis, David Rich. "Native Americans in the nineteenth-century American West." in *A Companion to the American West* ed. by William Deverell (2004) pp: 143–161. online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
* Limerick, Patricia. *The Legacy of Conquest: The Unbroken Past of the American West* (1987), attacks Turner and promotes the New Western History
* Smith, Stacey L. "Beyond North and South: Putting the West in the Civil War and Reconstruction", *Journal of the Civil War Era* (Dec 2016) 6#4 pp. 566–91. doi:10.1353/cwe.2016.0073 excerpt （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
* Spackman, S. G. F. "The Frontier and Reform in the United States." *Historical Journal* 13#2 (1970): 333–39. online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
* Weber, David J. "The Spanish Borderlands, Historiography Redux." *The History Teacher*, 39#1 (2005), pp. 43–56., online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
* Witschi, Nicolas S. (编). A Companion to the Literature and Culture of the American West. John Wiley & Sons. 2011. ISBN 978-1444396577.

### 图片集合

* Brégent-Heald Dominique. "Primitive Encounters: Film and Tourism in the North American West", *Western Historical Quarterly* (2007) 38#1 (Spring, 2007), pp. 47–67 in JSTOR （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
* Etulain, Richard W. *Re-imagining the Modern American West: A Century of Fiction, History, and Art* (1996)
* Hausladen, Gary J. Western Places, American Myths: How We Think About The West. U. of Nevada Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0874176629.
* Hyde, Anne Farrar. *An American Vision: Far Western Landscape and National Culture, 1820–1920* (New York University Press, 1993)
* Mitchell, Lee Clark. Westerns: Making the Man in Fiction and Film. U. of Chicago Press. 1998. ISBN 978-0226532356.
* Prown, Jules David, Nancy K. Anderson, and William Cronon, eds. *Discovered Lands, Invented Pasts: Transforming Visions of the American West* (1994)
* Rothman, Hal K. *Devil's Bargains: Tourism and the Twentieth-Century American West* (University of Kansas Press, 1998)
* Slotkin, Richard. The Fatal Environment: The Myth of the Frontier in the Age of Industrialization, 1800–1890. University of Oklahoma Press. 1998.
* Slotkin, Richard. Gunfighter Nation: The Myth of the Frontier in Twentieth-Century America. University of Oklahoma Press. 1960.
* Smith, Henry Nash. Virgin Land: The American West as Symbol and Myth. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1950.  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link)
* Tompkins, Jane. West of Everything: The Inner Life of Westerns. Oxford University Press. 1993. ISBN 978-0195073058.  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link)
* Wrobel, David M. *Global West, American Frontier: Travel, Empire, and Exceptionalism from Manifest Destiny to the Great Depression* (University of New Mexico Press, 2013) 312 pp.; evaluates European and American travelers' accounts

### 一手资料

* Phillips, Ulrich B. *Plantation and Frontier Documents, 1649–1863; Illustrative of Industrial History in the Colonial and Antebellum South: Collected from MSS. and Other Rare Sources*. Two volumes. (1909). vol 1 & 2 online
* Still, Bayrd, ed. *The West; contemporary records of America's expansion across the continent, 1607-1890* (1961) online
* Watts, Edward, and David Rachels, eds. *The First West: Writing from the American Frontier, 1776–1860* (Oxford UP, 2002), 960 pp; primary sources' long excerpts from 59 authors; excerpt （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
* California Gold Rush, from PBS （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
* 1860s and 1870s from PBS （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
* 1880s from PBS （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
* "Closing the Frontier", from U California （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

### 学术文章

* Full text of all articles in *Western Historical Quarterly*, 1972 to present
* *Great Plains Quarterly* Table of contents, 1981 to present （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）; 2014 to present online articles （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

* 美国西部