# 枕头堡之战[编辑]

| 枕头堡之战 |
| --- |
| 南北战争的一部分 |
|  一幅展現邦聯軍士兵屠殺联邦军士兵的漫畫 |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| 日期 | 1864年4月12日 (1864-04-12) |
| 地点 | 劳德代尔县 |
| 结果 |
美利堅聯盟國獲勝 |

 |
| 参战方 |
|  美国 (联邦) |  美利堅聯盟國 |
| 指挥官与领导者 |
| * Lionel F. Booth**† William F. Bradford**†**
 | * 內森·貝德福德·福雷斯特
* James R. Chalmers
 |
| 兵力 |
|
600 |
1,500–2,500 |
| 伤亡与损失 |
|
221 被殺, 130 受傷 | * 100
* 14 被殺
* 86 受傷
 |

**枕头堡之战**又称**枕头堡大屠杀**，是1864年4月12日在田納西州密西西比河畔枕头堡爆發的戰鬥，是南北战争的一部分。當時內森·貝德福德·福雷斯特指挥下的邦聯軍士兵屠杀试图投降的联邦军士兵（其中许多是非裔美国人）。

## 參考書目

* Bailey, Ronald H., and the Editors of Time-Life Books. *Battles for Atlanta: Sherman Moves East*. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1985. ISBN 0-8094-4773-8.
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* Cimprich, John, and Robert C. Mainfort, Jr., eds. "Fort Pillow Revisited: New Evidence About An Old Controversy" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, *Civil War History* 4 (Winter, 1982). [Note 2005 book by Cimprich, below.]
* Clark, Achilles V. "A Letter of Account." Edited by Dan E. Pomeroy. *Civil War Times Illustrated* 24(4) (June 1985).
* Eicher, David J. *The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War*. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. ISBN 0-684-84944-5.
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* Fuchs, Richard L. *An Unerring Fire: The Massacre at Fort Pillow*. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2002. ISBN 978-0-8117-1824-0.
* Grant, Ulysses S. *Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant* （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. 2 vols. Charles L. Webster & Company, 1885–86. ISBN 0-914427-67-9.
* Grant, Ulysses S., *Ulysses S. Grant: Memoirs & Selected Letters.* Library of America, 1990. ISBN 978-0940450585.
* Hupp, Stephen L. The Forgotten Battle of Fort Pillow and the Birth of the Ku Klux Klan. Library Journal. 15 June 2001: 117  [10 March 2018].
* Jordan, John L. "Was There a Massacre at Ft. Pillow?" *Tennessee History Quarterly* VI (June 1947): pp. 99–133.
* Nevins, Allan. *The War for the Union*. Vol. 4, *The Organized War to Victory 1864–1865*. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1971. ISBN 1-56852-299-1.
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* The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Series 1, Part 1 **32**. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. 1891 （英语）.
* U.S. Congress Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, "Fort Pillow Massacre." *House Report No. 65*, 38th Congress, 1st Session.
* Ward, Andrew. *River Run Red: The Fort Pillow Massacre in the American Civil War*. New York: Viking Adult, 2005. ISBN 0-670-03440-1.
* National Park Service battle description （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
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* Burkhardt, George S. "No Quarter." *North & South – The Official Magazine of the Civil War Society*, vol. 10, no. 1.
* Cimprich, John. Fort Pillow, a Civil War Massacre, and Public Memory. Louisiana State University Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0807131107.
* Frist, William Harrison, Jr. *A Telling Battle: The Fort Pillow Massacre During the American Civil War*, Senior Thesis No. 20318, Princeton University, 2006.
* Jordan, Thomas General, \* Pryor J.P. Capt. The Campaigns Of General Nathan Bedford Forrest And Of Forrest's Cavalry, 1868, reprint 1996 Da Capo Press, ISBN 0-3068-0719-X
* United States Congress Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, Fort Pillow Massacre, United States House of Representatives, 38th Congress, Reports 65 and 67, May 1864  [February 22, 2018]
* Silkenat, David. *Raising the White Flag: How Surrender Defined the American Civil War*. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2019. ISBN 978-1-4696-4972-6.
* Wills, Brian Steel. *The Confederacy's Greatest Cavalryman: Nathan Bedford Forrest*. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1992. ISBN 0-7006-0885-0.
* Wills, Brian Steel. 'The River Was Dyed with Blood': Nathan Bedford Forrest and Fort Pillow. University of Oklahoma Press. 2014. ISBN 978-0806144535.