Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Uzbekistan

| Uzbekistan Kiōng-hô-kokOʻzbekiston Respublikasi (Uzbek-gí) |
| --- |
|
kok-kî

kok-hui

 |
| **Kok-koa:** Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining Davlat Madhiyasi "Uzbekistan Kiōng-hô-kok Kok-koa"  |
|  |
| Siú-to͘ kap siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī | Tashkent |
| Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân | Uzbek-gí |
| Sêng-jīn ê tē-hng gí-giân | Karakalpak-gí |
| Chèng-hú | tan-it-chè, it-tóng iu-sè, chóng-thóng-chè, kiōng-hô-kok |
|  |
| • chóng-thóng  | Shavkat Mirziyoyev |
| • chóng-lí  | Abdulla Aripov |
|  |
| Li̍p-hoat ki-kò͘ | Kok-bîn Gī-hoē |
| • Siōng-īⁿ | Siōng-īⁿ |
| • Hā-īⁿ | Hā-īⁿ |
| Bīn-chek |
| • Lóng-chóng | 448,978 km2 (173,351 sq mi) (tē 56 miâ) |
| • Chúi-he̍k (%) | 4.9 |
| Jîn-kháu |
| • 2024 nî kó͘-kè | 37,030,884 (tē 40 miâ) |
| • Bi̍t-tō͘ | 80.2/km2 (207.7/sq mi) (tē 138 miâ) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2024 nî kó͘-kè |
| • Lóng-chóng | $401.838 cha̍p-ek (tē 57 miâ) |
| • Pêng-kin | $10,936 (tē 122 miâ) |
| GDP (bêng-gī) | 2024 nî kó͘-kè |
| • Lóng-chóng | $104.41 cha̍p-ek (tē 70 miâ) |
| • Pêng-kin | $2,667 (tē 138 miâ) |
| Gini (2013 nî) |  36.7 tiong |
| HDI (2022 nî) |  0.727 ko · tē 106 miâ |
| Hoè-pè | Uzbekistan so'm (UZS) |
| Sî-khu | UTC+5 (UZT) |
| Sî-kan keh-sek | dd/mm yyyy |
| Siong-iōng tiān-goân | 220 V, 50 Hz |
| Khui-chhia hong-hiòng | iū |
|  tiān-oē khu-hō | +998 |
| ISO 3166 tāi-hō | UZ |
| Siōng-téng domain | .uz |

**Uzbekistan Kiōng-hô-kok** (Uzbek-gí: O'zbekiston Respublikasi), tiàm-tī tiong A-chiu ê kok-ka.
# Amu Darya Hô

Tē-tô͘
**Amu Darya Hô** (Pho-su-gí: آمودریا‎‎ *Âmudaryâ*; Uzbek-gí: *Amudaryo*) sī Tiong-a ê hô-chhoan, tùi Afghanistan ê Vakhsh Hô kap Panj Hô sio chiap hoat-goân, hiòng sai-pak-pêng lâu kòe Aral Hái lâm-pēng.
# Hô-pak-tō

**Hô-pak-tō** (河北道) sǐ Tiong-kok Tông-tiâu sî-tāi ê chi̍t ê tō.

| Tông-tiâu ê hêng-chèng-khu: Cheng-koan Si̍p-tō |
| --- |
| Koan-lōe-tō |
Hô-lâm-tō |
Hô-tong-tō |
Hô-pak-tō |
San-lâm-tō
Lóng-iū-tō |
Hoâi-lâm-tō |
Kang-lâm-tō |
Kiàm-lâm-tō |
Léng-lâm-tō |

| Tông-tiâu ê hêng-chèng-khu: Khai-goân Si̍p-ngó͘-tō |
| --- |
| Koan-lōe-tō |
Hô-lâm-tō |
Hô-tong-tō |
Hô-pak-tō |
Lóng-iū-tō
Hoâi-lâm-tō |
Kiàm-lâm-tō |
Léng-lâm-tō |
Keng-ki-tō |
To͘-ki-tō
Kang-lâm-tong-tō |
Kang-lâm-se-tō |
Khiâm-tiong-tō |
San-lâm-tong-tō |
San-lâm-se-tō |
# Kiàm-lâm-tō

**Kiàm-lâm-tō** (劍南道) sǐ Tiong-kok Tông-tiâu sî-tāi ê chi̍t ê tō.

| Tông-tiâu ê hêng-chèng-khu: Cheng-koan Si̍p-tō |
| --- |
| Koan-lōe-tō |
Hô-lâm-tō |
Hô-tong-tō |
Hô-pak-tō |
San-lâm-tō
Lóng-iū-tō |
Hoâi-lâm-tō |
Kang-lâm-tō |
Kiàm-lâm-tō |
Léng-lâm-tō |

| Tông-tiâu ê hêng-chèng-khu: Khai-goân Si̍p-ngó͘-tō |
| --- |
| Koan-lōe-tō |
Hô-lâm-tō |
Hô-tong-tō |
Hô-pak-tō |
Lóng-iū-tō
Hoâi-lâm-tō |
Kiàm-lâm-tō |
Léng-lâm-tō |
Keng-ki-tō |
To͘-ki-tō
Kang-lâm-tong-tō |
Kang-lâm-se-tō |
Khiâm-tiong-tō |
San-lâm-tong-tō |
San-lâm-se-tō |
# Cheng-koan Si̍p-tō

**Cheng-koan Si̍p-tō** (貞觀十道) sī Tiong-kok Tông-tiâu sî-tāi chho͘-kî siat-li̍p ê 10 ê tō. Lo̍h-bóe tī Tông Hiân-chong chē-ūi sî-tāi kái chò Si̍p-ngó͘-tō.

## Si̍p-tō

* Koan-lōe-tō (關內道)
* Lóng-iū-tō (隴右道)
* Hô-tong-tō (河東道)
* Hô-pak-tō (河北道)
* Hô-lâm-tō (河南道)
* Hoâi-lâm-tō (淮南道)
* Kang-lâm-tō (江南道)
* San-lâm-tō (山南道)
* Kiàm-lâm-tō (劍南道)
* Léng-lâm-tō (嶺南道)

| Tông-tiâu ê hêng-chèng-khu: Cheng-koan Si̍p-tō |
| --- |
| Koan-lōe-tō |
Hô-lâm-tō |
Hô-tong-tō |
Hô-pak-tō |
San-lâm-tō
Lóng-iū-tō |
Hoâi-lâm-tō |
Kang-lâm-tō |
Kiàm-lâm-tō |
Léng-lâm-tō |
# Hoâi-lâm-tō

**Hoâi-lâm-tō** (淮南道) sǐ Tiong-kok Tông-tiâu sî-tāi ê chi̍t ê tō.

| Tông-tiâu ê hêng-chèng-khu: Cheng-koan Si̍p-tō |
| --- |
| Koan-lōe-tō |
Hô-lâm-tō |
Hô-tong-tō |
Hô-pak-tō |
San-lâm-tō
Lóng-iū-tō |
Hoâi-lâm-tō |
Kang-lâm-tō |
Kiàm-lâm-tō |
Léng-lâm-tō |

| Tông-tiâu ê hêng-chèng-khu: Khai-goân Si̍p-ngó͘-tō |
| --- |
| Koan-lōe-tō |
Hô-lâm-tō |
Hô-tong-tō |
Hô-pak-tō |
Lóng-iū-tō
Hoâi-lâm-tō |
Kiàm-lâm-tō |
Léng-lâm-tō |
Keng-ki-tō |
To͘-ki-tō
Kang-lâm-tong-tō |
Kang-lâm-se-tō |
Khiâm-tiong-tō |
San-lâm-tong-tō |
San-lâm-se-tō |
# To͘-ki-tō

**To͘-ki-tō** (都畿道) sī Tiong-kok Tông-tiâu sî-tāi ê chi̍t ê tō.

| Tông-tiâu ê hêng-chèng-khu: Khai-goân Si̍p-ngó͘-tō |
| --- |
| Koan-lōe-tō |
Hô-lâm-tō |
Hô-tong-tō |
Hô-pak-tō |
Lóng-iū-tō
Hoâi-lâm-tō |
Kiàm-lâm-tō |
Léng-lâm-tō |
Keng-ki-tō |
To͘-ki-tō
Kang-lâm-tong-tō |
Kang-lâm-se-tō |
Khiâm-tiong-tō |
San-lâm-tong-tō |
San-lâm-se-tō |
# Kang-lâm-se-tō

**Kang-lâm-se-tō** (江南西道) sī Tiong-kok Tông-tiâu sî-tāi ê chi̍t ê tō.

| Tông-tiâu ê hêng-chèng-khu: Khai-goân Si̍p-ngó͘-tō |
| --- |
| Koan-lōe-tō |
Hô-lâm-tō |
Hô-tong-tō |
Hô-pak-tō |
Lóng-iū-tō
Hoâi-lâm-tō |
Kiàm-lâm-tō |
Léng-lâm-tō |
Keng-ki-tō |
To͘-ki-tō
Kang-lâm-tong-tō |
Kang-lâm-se-tō |
Khiâm-tiong-tō |
San-lâm-tong-tō |
San-lâm-se-tō |
# San-lâm-se-tō

**San-lâm-se-tō** (山南西道) sī Tiong-kok Tông-tiâu sî-tāi ê chi̍t ê tō.

| Tông-tiâu ê hêng-chèng-khu: Khai-goân Si̍p-ngó͘-tō |
| --- |
| Koan-lōe-tō |
Hô-lâm-tō |
Hô-tong-tō |
Hô-pak-tō |
Lóng-iū-tō
Hoâi-lâm-tō |
Kiàm-lâm-tō |
Léng-lâm-tō |
Keng-ki-tō |
To͘-ki-tō
Kang-lâm-tong-tō |
Kang-lâm-se-tō |
Khiâm-tiong-tō |
San-lâm-tong-tō |
San-lâm-se-tō |
# Siú-to͘

**Siú-to͘** (**kiaⁿ-siâⁿ**) sī chèng-tī o̍ah-tōng ê tiong-sim siâⁿ-chhī, kok-ka-kip ê chèng-hú ki-koan lóng-ē siat-tiàm chia, chhin-chhiūⁿ kok-hōe, chóng-thóng-hú, kiong-tiān, chòe-ko hoat-īⁿ téng-téng. Kok-kok ê tāi-sài-kóan mā siat-tiàm pang-kau-kok ê siú-to͘ khah-chē.

## Siang-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ

* Siú-to͘ lia̍t-toaⁿ
* Siú-to͘ lia̍t-toaⁿ (Àn-chiàu kok-ka pâi-lia̍t)
# 706 nî

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| **chhian-liân-kí:** | **1 chhian-liân-kí** |
| **sè-kí:** | 7 sè-kí | **8 sè-kí** | 9 sè-kí |
| **cha̍p-nî-kí:** | 670 nî-tāi | 680 nî-tāi | 690 nî-tāi | **700 nî-tāi** | 710 nî-tāi | 720 nî-tāi | 730 nî-tāi |
| **nî:** | 701 nî | 702 nî | 703 nî | 704 nî | 705 nî | **706 nî** | 707 nî | 708 nî | 709 nî | 710 nî | 711 nî |

**706 nî tī kî-thaⁿ le̍k-hoat**| Kan-chi | It-sū nî — *kàu* — Péng-ngó͘ nî |
| Gregorius le̍k | 706 nî DCCVI |
| Julius le̍k | pí Gregorius le̍k chá 4 kang |
| Hu̍t-le̍k | 1250 nî |
| Tō-kàu-le̍k | 3403 nî |
| Hoê-le̍k | 87~88 |
| Hông-kì | 1366 nî |
| Tân-kì | 3039 nî |
| Hi-pek-lâi-le̍k | 4466~4467

  |
| Hindu le̍k |  |
| - *Vikram Samvat* | 761 – 762 |
| - *Shaka Samvat* | 628 – 629 |
| Iran le̍k | 84 – 85 |
| Runic le̍k | 956 |
| Assyria le̍k | 5456 nî |
| Ethiopia le̍k | 700~701 |

**706 nî** tī Julius Le̍k-hoat lāi-bīn sī chi̍t ê pêng-nî, thâu kang sī pài-gō͘.

## Liân-hō

* Tông: Sîn-liông (神龍) 2 nî
* Ji̍t-pún (Asuka sî-tāi): Khèng-hûn (慶雲) 3 nî
* Pu̍t-hái-kok: Thian-thóng (天統) 9 nî

## Tang A-chiu kun-chú kì-goân

* Tông: Tiong-chong (中宗) ho̍k-ūi 2 nî
* Sin-lô: Sèng-tek-ông (聖德王) 5 nî
* Pu̍t-hái-kok: Ko-ông (高王) 9 nî

## Sū-kiāⁿ

## Kok-ka léng-tō-chiá

## Chhut-sì

## Kòe-sin

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
# Bēng Hō-jiân

Bēng Hō-jiân
**Bēng Hō-jiân** (孟浩然; 689 nî  – 740 nî ), miâ **Hō** (浩), piáu-jī **Hō-jiân** (浩然), hō **Lo̍k-bûn Chhú-sū** (鹿門處士), sī Tông-tiâu sî-tāi ê Tiong-kok si-jîn.
# Thian-hông

|  Ji̍t-pún Thian-hông |
| --- |
|  |
| Chāi-ūi-chiá |
|  |
| **Tek-jîn** Tùi 2019 nî 5 goe̍h 1 hō |
|  |
|  |

**Thian-hông** (Ji̍t-pún-gí: 天 (てん)皇 (のう) / *tennō*) sī Ji̍t-pún ê kun-chú. Tùi 2019 nî 5 goe̍h 1 hō khai-sí ê chāi-ūi-chiá sī Tek-jîn (徳 (なる)仁 (ひと) / Naruhito).

## Siong-kuan

* Thian-hông lia̍t-toaⁿ
# Iûⁿ Kùi-hui

Iûⁿ Kùi-hui
**Iûⁿ Kùi-hui** (楊貴妃; 719 nî  – 756 nî 8 goe̍h 15 ji̍t) sī Tông Hiân-chong sioh-miā-miā ê kùi-hui. I sī Tiong-kok sù-tāi bí-jîn tong-tiong ê **Siu-hoa** (羞花).

Chèng-sú pēng-bô kì-lo̍k i-ê miâ-jī, ka-na chai-iáⁿ i-ê hō sī **Thài-chin** (太真); sio-jī **Gio̍k-hoân** (玉環) kap **Gio̍k-lô͘** (玉奴). Sè-kan-lâng lóng si̍p-koàn kiò i **Iûⁿ Gio̍k-hoân** (楊玉環), si-jîn khah ài kiò i **Iûⁿ Thài-chin** (楊太真).
# 892 nî

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| **chhian-liân-kí:** | **1 chhian-liân-kí** |
| **sè-kí:** | 8 sè-kí | **9 sè-kí** | 10 sè-kí |
| **cha̍p-nî-kí:** | 860 nî-tāi | 870 nî-tāi | 880 nî-tāi | **890 nî-tāi** | 900 nî-tāi | 910 nî-tāi | 920 nî-tāi |
| **nî:** | 887 nî | 888 nî | 889 nî | 890 nî | 891 nî | **892 nî** | 893 nî | 894 nî | 895 nî | 896 nî | 897 nî |

**892 nî tī kî-thaⁿ le̍k-hoat**| Kan-chi | Sin-hāi nî — *kàu* — Jîm-chú nî |
| Gregorius le̍k | 892 nî DCCCXCII |
| Julius le̍k | pí Gregorius le̍k chá 4 kang |
| Hu̍t-le̍k | 1436 nî |
| Tō-kàu-le̍k | 3589 nî |
| Hoê-le̍k | 278~279 |
| Hông-kì | 1552 nî |
| Tân-kì | 3225 nî |
| Hi-pek-lâi-le̍k | 4652~4653

  |
| Hindu le̍k |  |
| - *Vikram Samvat* | 947 – 948 |
| - *Shaka Samvat* | 814 – 815 |
| Iran le̍k | 270 – 271 |
| Runic le̍k | 1142 |
| Assyria le̍k | 5642 nî |
| Ethiopia le̍k | 886~887 |

**892 nî** tī Julius Le̍k-hoat lāi-bīn sī chi̍t ê lūn-nî, thâu kang sī pài-la̍k.

## Liân-hō

* Tông: Tāi-sūn (大順) 3 nî; Kéng-hok (景福) goân nî
* Tāi-hong-bîn (大封民): Chha-iâ (嵯耶) 4 nî
* Ji̍t-pún (Heian sî-tāi): Khoan-pêng (寬平) 4 nî

## Tang A-chiu kun-chú kì-goân

* Tông: Chiau-chong (昭宗) 4 nî
* Sin-lô: Chin-sèng Lú-ông (真聖女王) 6 nî
* Pu̍t-hái-kok: Tāi Hiân-sek (大玄錫) 22 nî

## Sū-kiāⁿ

## Kok-ka léng-tō-chiá

## Chhut-sì

## Kòe-sin

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
# Hô-sok Sam-tìn

**Hô-sok Sam-tìn** (河朔三鎮), iā kiò **Hô-pak Sam-tìn** (河北三鎮), sī tông-tiâu bóe-kî ê 3 ê phoan-tìn kat-kù.

* Ian-kè Chiat-tō͘-sú
* Sêng-tek Chiat-tō͘-sú
* Gūi-phok Chiat-tō͘-sú

## Siong-koan

* Phoan-tìn kat-kù
# Kì-ló͘ Koaⁿ-ōe

Kì-ló͘ Koaⁿ-ōe ê hun-pò͘ hoān-ûi
**Kì-ló͘ Koaⁿ-ōe** (冀魯官話) sī Hàn-gí Koaⁿ-ōe ê chi̍t ê hong-giân hun-chi, hun-pò͘ chāi Hô-pak, Thian-tin, Soaⁿ-tang, Pak-kiaⁿ kap Lāi Bông-kó͘ téng só͘-chāi. Sú-iōng-chiá jîn-kháu ū 9000-gōa-bān lâng. Kì-ló͘ Koaⁿ-ōe sī tî-liáu Tang-pak Koaⁿ-ōe í-gōa, siāng chiap-kīn Pak-kiaⁿ-ōe ê pak-hng hong-giân.
# Khóng-chú

Khóng-chú, 551 BC – 479 BC
**Khóng-chú** (hàn-jī: 孔子; 551 BC – 479 BC) sī Tiong-kok Chhun-chhiu bóe-kî ê su-sióng-ka, tiat-ha̍k-ka kap kàu-io̍k-ka. I sī jû-ka (儒家) ha̍k-soat ê chhòng-sí-jîn, tùi kó͘-tāi Tiong-kok kap chiu-piⁿ kok-ka éng-hiáng ū-kàu toā.
# Î-hng-chhī

**Î-hng-chhī** (濰坊市) sī Tiong-kok Soaⁿ-tang-séng ê 1 ê tē-kip-chhī.

## Hêng-chèng-khu

* Ke-bûn-khu (奎文區)
* Î-siâⁿ-khu (濰城區)
* Hân-têng-khu (寒亭區)
* Hng-chú-khu (坊子區)
* Chheng-chiu-chhī (青州市)
* Chu-siâⁿ-chhī (諸城市)
* Siū-kong-chhī (壽光市)
* An-khiu-chhī (安丘市)
* Ko-bi̍t-chhī (高密市)
* Chhiong-ip-chhī (昌邑市)
* Lîm-kû-koān (臨朐縣)
* Chhiong-lo̍k-koān (昌樂縣)
# Siaⁿ-bú

**Siaⁿ-bú** (聲母) sī tī ūn-bú thâu-chêng ê chú-im, kap ūn-bú kò͘-sêng chi̍t ê oân-chéng ê im-chiat.

## Koh khoàⁿ

* Ngó͘-im
* Chú-im
* Ūn-bú
* Siaⁿ-tiāu
* Im-chiat
# Phó͘-thong-ōe

| Phó͘-thong-ōe |
| --- |
| 普通话 |
| Hoat-im | /pʰùtʰʊ́ŋxwâ/ |
| Goân-chū kok-ka |  Tiong-kok |
| Sú-iōng tē-khu | Tiong-kok tāi-lio̍k |
| Gí-hē | Hàn-Chōng gí-hē
* Hàn-gí
	+ Koaⁿ-ōe
		- Pak-kiaⁿ Koaⁿ-ōe
			* Hiān-tāi Piau-chún Hàn-gí
				+ **Phó͘-thong-ōe**
 |
| Koaⁿ-hong tē-ūi |
| Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân |  Tiong-kok  Liân-ha̍p-kok |
| Koán-lí ki-kò͘ | Kok-ka Gú-giân Bûn-jī Kang-chok Úi-oân-hōe |
| Gí-giân tāi-bé |
| ISO 639-1 | `zh` |
| ISO 639-2 | `chi (B)` `zho (T)` |
| ISO 639-3 | `cmn` |
| ISO 639-6 | `cosc` |
|  |

**Phó͘-thong-oē** (普通話) sī Tiong-kok kui-tēng ê Hiān-tāi Piau-chún Hàn-gí pán-pún, kah Tâi-oân ê kok-gí ū chi̍t-kóa-á bô-kâng.
# Tō-ka

**Tō-ka** (道家), he̍k-chiá **Ló-Chong su-sióng** (老莊思想), sī Tiong-kok Chu-chú Pek-ka lāi tiōng-iàu ê su-sióng ha̍k-phài chi-it, tī Chhun-chhiu Chiàn-kok sî-tāi í Ló-chú kap Chong-chú chò tāi-piáu. Se Hàn chho͘-kî, Hàn Bûn-tè kap Hàn Kéng-tè í Tō-ka su-sióng tī-lí kok-ka, hō͘ jîn-bîn thang ùi Chîn-tiâu ê khok-chèng tiong hiu-ióng-seng-sek, le̍k-sú-siōng hō-chò Bûn-Kéng chi tì. Lo̍h-bóe, Jû-ka ha̍k-chiá Táng Tiōng-su hiòng Hàn Bú-tè thê-chhiòng "to̍k chun Jû-su̍t" (獨尊儒術) ê chèng-chhek, Tō-ka chiông-chhú chiâⁿ-chò hui-chú-liû ê su-sióng. Sòng-tiâu í-āu, Chu-chú-ha̍k heng-khí, to̍k-li̍p ê Tō-ka su-sióng ki-pún-siōng í-keng bô-chûn-chāi ah.

Tō-ka sui-jiân bô khì hō͘ koaⁿ-hong chhái-la̍p, tān-sī iu-goân kè-sio̍k tī Tiong-kok kó͘-chá su-sióng ê hoat-tián tiong, pān-ián tio̍h tiōng-iàu ê kak-sek. Gūi-Chìn hiân-ha̍k kap Sòng-Bêng lí-ha̍k lóng ke-kiám iông-ha̍p tio̍h Tō-ka su-sióng. Hu̍t-kàu thoân-ji̍p Tiong-kok liáu-āu, Siân-chong ê hoat-tián mā siū-tio̍h Tō-ka ê éng-hióng kap khé-hoat.
# Lí Chheng-chiàu

Lí Chheng-chiàu ê tiau-siōng
**Lí Chheng-chiàu** (李清照; 1084 nî 3 goe̍h 13 ji̍t – 1155 nî 5 goe̍h 12 ji̍t) sī Tiong-kok Sòng-tiâu sî-tāi ê cha-bó͘ si-jîn. Chū-hō **E̍k-an Ku-sū** (易安居士).
# E̍k-chu

**E̍k-chu** (疫株; eng. *vaccine*), mā ū kóng **chu-chiuⁿ** (株漿) iā **chu-chéng** (株種), hiān-tāi siū Koaⁿ-ōe éng-hióng mā ū kóng **e̍k-biâu** (疫苗), sī chiam-tùi bó͘ khoán chek-pēⁿ chò seng-bu̍t siōng ū-hông ê chhiú-tōaⁿ. E̍k-chu ki-pún ê chè-chō goân-lí sī lī-ēng sí-bông he̍k-chiá jio̍k-hòa liáu-āu ê pēⁿ-goân hō͘ sin-thé sán-seng khòng-thé. **Ū-hông-siā** (預防射) sī it-poaⁿ só͘ kóng ê e̍k-chu, chóng-sī e̍k-chu bô it-tēng to̍h ēng chù-siā hêng-sek si̍t-hêng.

## Iōng-gí

Eng-gí *vaccine* ê gí-goân sī *Variolae vaccinae* (gû ê thian-jiân-tō͘); tāi-seng sī Edward Jenner ēng lâi piáu-sī gû-tāu-chu (*cowpox*) ê ì-sù. I tī 1798 nî kài-siāu ēng gû-tāu-chu tùi-khòng thian-jiân-tō͘ ê bûn-chiuⁿ *Gián-kiù só͘ châi-iáⁿ hō Gû-tāu-chu ê Variolae vaccinae* (*Inquiry into the Variolae vaccinae known as the Cow Pox*) pat ēng chit jī.

1881 nî ê sî, ūi kì-liam Jenner, Hoat-kok ê ha̍k-chiá Louis Pasteur thê chhut ēng chit jī lâi piáu-ta̍t só͘-ū sin khai-hoat ê ū-hông chiap-chèng.

## Chham-chiàu

## Siong-koan

* Ū-hông chiap-chèng
# Bêng-chhiong (Kim)

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| 明昌**Bêng-chhiong**

|  |
| --- |
| 1190 nî ~ 1196 nî |

 |
| **Kok-ka** | Kim-tiâu |
| **Kun-chú** | Chiong-chong |
| **Tn̂g-té** | 7 tang |

**Bêng-chhiong** (明昌; 1190 nî ~ 1196 nî) sī Kim-tiâu Chiong-chong ê liân-hō; chêng-āu 7 tang.

## Tōa Tāi-chì

## Chham sin-le̍k kap kan-chi ê tùi-chiàu-pió

## Siong-koan

* Tiong-kok ê liân-hō

|  |
| --- |
| **Bêng-chhiong (Kim)** |
| Chiap-sio̍k Tāi-tēng | **Kim-tiâu ê liân-hō** | Kè-sio̍k Sêng-an |
# Goân-tiâu

| Tāi Goân大元 ᠳᠠᠶᠠᠩ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠦᠯᠦᠰ |
| --- |
| 1271 nî–1368 nî |
| Goân-tiâu ê pán-tô͘. |
| Siú-to͘ | Khanbaliq (Pak-kiaⁿ) Siōng-to͘ (joa̍h-thiⁿ siú-to͘) |
| Chèng-hú | kun-chú-chè |
| Le̍k-sú |   |
|  |
| • Kiàn-li̍p  | 1271 nî  |
| • Pang-hoāi  | 1368 nî  |
|  |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| **í-chêng kok-ka** | **í-āu kok-ka** |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | Bông-kó͘ Tè-kok |
|  | Lâm Sòng |

 |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Pak Goân |  |
| Bêng-tiâu |  |
| Phagmodrupa Ông-tiâu |  |

 |

 |
| Taⁿ siok-tī |  Tiong-kok  Bông-kó͘  Pak-hân  Lō͘-se-a |

**Tāi-goân** (大元, Bông-kó͘-gí: ᠶᠡᠭᠡ
 ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ
 ᠤᠯᠤᠰ *Их Юань Улс*), mā ū kóng **Goân-tiâu** (元朝), **Ô͘-goân** (胡元) ia̍h **Bông-goân** (蒙元), sī tī 1271 nî kàu 1368 nî thóng-tī chha-put-to hiān-chhú-sî Tiong-kok khu-he̍k ê tè-kok. I tī Sòng-tiâu āu-piah, tī Bêng-tiâu í-chêng. Goân-tiâu ê Bông-kó͘-gí kok-miâ sī **Dayan Yeke Mongɣul Ulus** (Bông-kó͘-gí: ᠳᠠᠶᠠᠩ
 ᠶᠡᠬᠡ
 ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ
 ᠦᠯᠦᠰ *Даян Их Монгол Улс*), chiàu jī-bīn ì-sù sī "Tāi-goân Tāi Bông-kó͘-kok". Kî-tiong "Dayan" kó-lêng sī Hàn-gí "Tāi-goân" (大元) ê im-e̍k, kī-miâ lâi-goân sī *E̍k-keng* lāi-bīn ê "Tāi chai khiân-goân" (大哉乾元); mā ū kó-lêng sī "Chheⁿ-sek Bông-kó͘" ê ì-sù

Chiah ông-tiâu sī Bông-kó͘-cho̍k ê Bông-kó͘ Tè-kok bia̍t-bông Tiong-kok í-hāu kiàn-li̍p--ê. 1368 nî, hō͘ Bêng Thài-chó͘ phài lâng jiok tńg Bô͘-pak.

## Chham-khó

## Koh khoàⁿ

* Goân-tiâu hông-tè
# 608 nî

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| **chhian-liân-kí:** | **1 chhian-liân-kí** |
| **sè-kí:** | 6 sè-kí | **7 sè-kí** | 8 sè-kí |
| **cha̍p-nî-kí:** | 570 nî-tāi | 580 nî-tāi | 590 nî-tāi | **600 nî-tāi** | 610 nî-tāi | 620 nî-tāi | 630 nî-tāi |
| **nî:** | 603 nî | 604 nî | 605 nî | 606 nî | 607 nî | **608 nî** | 609 nî | 610 nî | 611 nî | 612 nî | 613 nî |

**608 nî tī kî-thaⁿ le̍k-hoat**| Kan-chi | Teng-báu nî — *kàu* — Bō͘-sîn nî |
| Gregorius le̍k | 608 nî DCVIII |
| Julius le̍k | pí Gregorius le̍k chá 3 kang |
| Hu̍t-le̍k | 1152 nî |
| Tō-kàu-le̍k | 3305 nî |
| Hoê-le̍k | 14 BH~13 BH |
| Hông-kì | 1268 nî |
| Tân-kì | 2941 nî |
| Hi-pek-lâi-le̍k | 4368~4369

  |
| Hindu le̍k |  |
| - *Vikram Samvat* | 663 – 664 |
| - *Shaka Samvat* | 530 – 531 |
| Iran le̍k | -14 – -13 |
| Runic le̍k | 858 |
| Assyria le̍k | 5358 nî |
| Ethiopia le̍k | 602~603 |

**608 nî** tī Julius Le̍k-hoat lāi-bīn sī chi̍t ê lūn-nî, thâu kang sī pài-it.

## Liân-hō

* Sûi: Tāi-gia̍p (大業) 4 nî
* Sin-lô: Kiàn-hok (建福) 25 nî
* Ko-chhiong: Iân-hô (延和) 7 nî

## Tang A-chiu kun-chú kì-goân

* Sûi: Iông-tè (煬帝) 4 nî
* Sin-lô: Chin-pêng-ông (真平王) 30 nî
* Ko-kù-lê: Eng-iông-ông (嬰陽王) 19 nî
* Pek-chè: Bú-ông (武王) 9 nî

## Sū-kiāⁿ

## Kok-ka léng-tō-chiá

## Chhut-sì

## Kòe-sin

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
# Kheh-ka-gí

| Kheh-ka-gí |
| --- |
| Hak-kâ-ngî/客家語 |
| Goân-chū kok-ka |  Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok,  Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok,  Sin-ka-pho,  Má-lâi-se-a,  Ìn-nî |
| Sú-iōng tē-khu |  Tiong-kok Kńg-tang, Hok-kiàn, Hiang-káng, Kang-sai;  Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok |
| bú-gí sú-iōng-chiá | 34,000,000 |
| Gí-hē | Hàn-Chōng gí-hē
* Hàn-gí-cho̍k
	+ **Kheh-ka-gí**
 |
| Bûn-jī hē-thóng | Kheh-gí Pe̍h-oē-jī Hàn-jī |
| Koaⁿ-hong tē-ūi |
| Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân |  Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok |
| Sêng-jīn ê chió-sò͘ gí-giân |  Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok ê 1 chióng kau-thong ūn-su gí-giân |
| Koán-lí ki-kò͘ | Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok Kheh-ka Úi-oân-hoē |
| Gí-giân tāi-bé |
| ISO 639-3 | `hak` |
| Glottolog | `hakk1236` |
| Linguasphere | `79-AAA-g > 79-AAA-ga (+ 79-AAA-gb transition to 79-AAA-h)` |
|  Kheh-ka-gí ê hun-pò͘ |

**Kheh-ka-gí**, iā kiò choè **Kheh-gí** kap **Kheh-oē**, sī 1 chióng gí-giân. Chú-iàu iû Kheh-lâng iōng, mā sī in ê bûn-hòa tāi-piáu.

Wikipedia
Wikipedia ū  Kheh-ka-gí ê pán-pún.
# Éng-lo̍k (Bêng)

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| 永樂**Éng-lo̍k**

|  |
| --- |
| 1403 nî chì 1424 nî |

 |
| **Kok-ka** | Tāi Bêng |
| **Kun-chú** | Sêng-chó͘ |
| **Tn̂g-té** | 22 tang |

**Éng-lo̍k** (永樂; 1403 nî - 1424 nî) sī Tiong-kok Bêng-tiâu Sêng-chó͘ ê liân-hō, lóng-chóng 22 tang.

Éng-lo̍k nî-kan, Tiong-kok kok-sè kiông-sēng, só͘-í hō-chòe Éng-lo̍k sēng-sè (永樂盛世).

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Thâu-chêng: **Kiàn-bûn** | **Tāi Bêng liân-hō** | Āu-piah: **Hông-hi** |
# Bān-le̍k

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| 萬曆**Bān-le̍k**

|  |
| --- |
| 1573 nî chì 1620 nî |

 |
| **Kok-ka** | Tāi Bêng |
| **Kun-chú** | Sîn-chong |
| **Tn̂g-té** | 48 tang |

**Bān-le̍k** (萬曆; 1573 nî 9 goe̍h 4 ji̍t chì 1620 nî 8 goe̍h 27 ji̍t) sī Tiong-kok Bêng-tiâu tē-14 tāi hông-tè Sîn-chong ê liân-hō, chêng-āu lóng-chóng 48 tang.

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Thâu-chêng: **Liông-khèng** | **Tāi Bêng liân-hō** | Āu-piah: **Thài-chhiong** |
# Bûn-hòa ûi-sán

**Bûn-hoà ûi-sán** (Hàn-jī: 文化遺產), koh hō-chò **bûn-hoà chu-sán** (文化資產), **bûn-hoà châi-sán** (文化財產) he̍k-chiá **bûn-hoà-châi** (文化財), sī kū-iú le̍k-sú, gē-su̍t, kho-ha̍k téng-téng bûn-hoà pó-chûn kè-ta̍t, pēng keng-iû chèng-hú ki-koan he̍k-chiá kok-chè cho͘-chit chí-tēng ia̍h-sī teng-lo̍k ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ. Khài-liām-siōng ē-tàng hun-chò "iú-hêng bûn-hoà ûi-sán" kap "bû-hêng bûn-hoà ûi-sán".
# Siông-chiu Tāi-ha̍k

Siông-chiu Tāi-ha̍k
**Siông-chiu Tāi-ha̍k** (常州大学) sī chi̍t keng ūi-tī Tiong-kok Kang-so͘-séng Siông-chiu-chhī ê phó͘-thong tāi-ha̍k.

 *Che sī chi̍t phiⁿ hām tāi-ha̍k kàu-io̍k siong-koan ê phí-á-kiáⁿ. Chhiáⁿ tàu khok-chhiong.*
# So͘-chiu Tāi-ha̍k

So͘-chiu Tāi-ha̍k
**So͘-chiu Tāi-ha̍k** (苏州大学) sī chi̍t keng ūi-tī Tiong-kok Kang-so͘-séng So͘-chiu-chhī ê tiōng-tiám chong-ha̍p tāi-ha̍k.

 *Che sī chi̍t phiⁿ hām tāi-ha̍k kàu-io̍k siong-koan ê phí-á-kiáⁿ. Chhiáⁿ tàu khok-chhiong.*
# Tiong-kok Jîn-bîn Tāi-ha̍k

Tiong-kok Jîn-bîn Tāi-ha̍k ê tang-mn̂g
**Tiong-kok Jîn-bîn Tāi-ha̍k** (中国人民大学) sī Tiong-kok Pak-kiaⁿ ê chi̍t keng í jîn-bûn siā-hōe kho-ha̍k ûi-chú ê chong-ha̍p-sèng gián-kiù-hêng tāi-ha̍k.
# Iông-chiu Tāi-ha̍k

**Iông-chiu Tāi-ha̍k** (扬州大学) sī chi̍t keng ūi-tī Tiong-kok Kang-so͘-séng Iông-chiu-chhī ê tiōng-tiám chong-ha̍p-sèng tāi-ha̍k.

 *Che sī chi̍t phiⁿ hām tāi-ha̍k kàu-io̍k siong-koan ê phí-á-kiáⁿ. Chhiáⁿ tàu khok-chhiong.*
# Choân-kok Tiōng-tiám Tāi-ha̍k

**Choân-kok Tiōng-tiám Tāi-ha̍k** (全国重点大学) sī Tiong-kok chèng-hú tiōng-tiám chi-oān ê tāi-ha̍k. Tiōng-tiám Tāi-ha̍k tī Tiong-kok kok-lāi it-poaⁿ lóng ū chin hó ê miâ-siaⁿ. Ha̍k-seng ê khó-chhì hun-sò͘ it-poaⁿ mā ài te̍k-pia̍t iu-siù chiah ū ki-hōe pī lio̍k-chhú. Ùi 1990 nî-tāi khai-sí, Tiong-kok chèng-hú tùi ko-téng ha̍k-hāu chìn-hêng kái-kek, só͘-í chit-ê miâ-chheng í-keng bô teh sú-iōng. Bo̍k-chiân, in-ūi 985 Kang-têng hām 211 Kang-têng ê si̍t-si, chit-ê kài-liām í-keng tām-hoà.

 *Che sī chi̍t phiⁿ hām tāi-ha̍k kàu-io̍k siong-koan ê phí-á-kiáⁿ. Chhiáⁿ tàu khok-chhiong.*
# Gê-mn̂g

Gê-mn̂g.
**Gê-mn̂g** (衙門 / 牙門), mā kiò-chòe **koaⁿ-gê** (官衙), sī kó͘-chá Tang-a tùi koaⁿ-sú ê chheng-ho͘. Gê-mn̂g lāi-té ū hū-chek sím-lí àn-kiāⁿ ê tē-hng koaⁿ-goân; lēng-gōa, gê-mn̂g chhe-ia̍h sī choan-bûn hia̍p-chō͘ tē-hng koaⁿ-goân so͘-cha chèng-kù kah tāi-pó͘ hoān-lâng.
# Pak-hoa̍t Chiàn-cheng

Pak-hoa̍t Chiàn-cheng
**Pak-hoa̍t Chiàn-cheng** (北伐戰爭) sī chí tī 1926 nî kàu 1928 nî Tiong-kok Kok-bîn-tóng léng-tō ê Kok-bîn Kek-bēng-kun iû Kńg-tang hiòng pak phah thóng-it Tiong-kok ê chiàn-cheng.
# Ka-heng-chhī

Ka-heng-chhī
**Ka-heng-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 嘉興市) sī Tiong-kok Chiat-kang-séng ê tē-kip-chhī.

## Hêng-chèng-khu

* Lâm-ô͘-khu (南湖區)
* Siù-chiu-khu (秀洲區)
* Hái-lêng-chhī (海寧市)
* Pêng-ô͘-chhī (平湖市)
* Tông-hiong-chhī (桐鄉市)
* Ka-siān-koān (嘉善縣)
* Hái-iâm-koān (海鹽縣)
# Hàu-kám-chhī

**Hàu-kám-chhī** (孝感市) sī Tiong-kok Ô͘-pak-séng ê 1 ê tē-kip-chhī.

## Hêng-chèng-khu

* Hàu-lâm-khu (孝南區)
* Èng-siâⁿ-chhī (應城市)
* An-lio̍k-chhī (安陸市)
* Hàn-chhoan-chhī (漢川市)
* Hàu-chhiong-koān (孝昌縣)
* Tāi-ngō͘-koān (大悟縣)
* Hûn-bōng-koān (雲夢縣)
# Kùi-lîm-chhī

**Kùi-lîm-chhī** (桂林市) sī Tiong-kok Kńg-sai Chòng-cho̍k Chū-tī-khu ê chi̍t-ê siâⁿ-chhī.

## Hêng-chèng-khu

* Lîm-kùi-khu (臨桂區)
* Siù-hong-khu (秀峰區)
* Thia̍p-chhái-khu (疊彩區)
* Chhiūⁿ-san-khu (象山區)
* Chhit-seng-khu (七星區)
* Gān-san-khu (雁山區)
* Iông-sok-koān (陽朔縣)
* Lêng-chhoan-koān (靈川縣)
* Choân-chiu-koān (全州縣)
* Heng-an-koān (興安縣)
* Éng-hok-koān (永福縣)
* Koàn-iông-koān (灌陽縣)
* Chu-goân-koān (資源縣)
* Pêng-lo̍k-koān (平樂縣)
* Lē-phó͘-koān (荔浦縣)
* Liông-sèng Kok-cho̍k Chū-tī-koān (龍勝各族自治縣)
* Kiong-siâⁿ Iâu-cho̍k Chū-tī-koān (恭城瑤族自治縣)

* Kùi-lîm-chhī
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
# Ngari Tē-khu

Ngari Tē-khu
**Ngari Tē-khu** (Chōng-gí: ལྷོ་ཁ་ས་ཁུལ; Hàn-gí: 阿里地區) sī Tiong-kok Se-chōng Chū-tī-khu ê chi̍t-ê tē-khu.

## Hêng-chèng-khu

* Gar-koān
* Burang-koān
* Zanda-koān
* Rutog-koān
* Gê'gyai-koān
* Gêrzê-koān
* Coqên-koān
# Ürümqi Chhī

|  |
| --- |
| **Ürümqi-chhī** |
| —  **Tē-kip-chhī**  — |
| **乌鲁木齐市 **·** ئۈرۈمچى شەھىرى‎** |
| Ürümqi-chhī
 |
| Ürümqi-chhī tī Sin-kiong Uyghur Chū-tī-khu ê ūi-tì ê uī-tìÜrümqi-chhī tī Sin-kiong Uyghur Chū-tī-khu ê ūi-tì |
| Ürümqi-chhī |
| Keng-hūi-tō͘: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kok-ka
  |  Tiong-kok
 |
| Chū-tī-khu
 | Sin-kiong
 |
| Chèng-hú só͘-chāi | Thian-san-khu |
| **Bīn-chek** |
|  - Lóng-chóng
  | 14,577 km2 |
| **Jîn-kháu** (2010) |
|  - Lóng-chóng | 3,112,559 lâng |
| Sî-khu | Tiong-kok Piau-chún Sî-khu (UTC+8)
  |
| Bāng-chām | www.urumqi.gov.cn |

**Ürümqi-chhī** (Uyghur-gí: ئۈرۈمچی/Ürümchi, Hàn-gí: 烏魯木齊市) sī Tiong-kok Sin-kiong Uyghur Chū-tī-khu ê chi̍t-ê tē-kip-chhī kiam chū-tī-khu siú-hú.

## Hêng-chèng-khu

* Thian-san-khu (天山區)
* Saybagh-khu
* Sin-chhī-khu (新市區)
* Súi-mô͘-kau-khu (水磨溝區)
* Thâu-tūn-hô-khu (頭屯河區)
* Ta̍t-pán-siâⁿ-khu (達阪城區)
* Bí-tong-khu (米東區)
* Ürümqi-koān
# Bortala-chhī

**Bortala-chhī** (Uyghur-gí: بورتالا شەھىرى, Bông-kó͘-gí: ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ
 ᠬᠣᠲᠠ, Hàn-gí: 博樂市) sī Tiong-kok Sin-kiong Uyghur Chū-tī-khu Bortala Bông-kó͘ Chū-tī-chiu ê chi̍t ê koān-kip-chhī.
# Chêng Gorlos Bông-kó͘-cho̍k Chū-tī-koān

**Chêng Gorlos Bông-kó͘-cho̍k Chū-tī-koān** (前--蒙古族自治縣, Bông-kó͘-gí: ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠳᠦ
 ᠭᠣᠷᠯᠣᠰ
 ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ
 ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ
 ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ
 ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ) sī Tiong-kok Kiat-lîm-séng Siông-goân-chhī ê chi̍t ê chū-tī-koān.
# Kuytun-chhī

**Kuytun-chhī** (Uyghur-gí: كۈيتۇن شەھىرى, Kazakh-gí: Хүйтэн, Hàn-gí: 奎屯市) sī Tiong-kok Sin-kiong Uyghur Chū-tī-khu Ili Kazakh Chū-tī-chiu ê chi̍t ê koān-kip-chhī.
# Tiông-kang

Tiông-kang tī Hûn-lâm Chio̍h-kó (石鼓) ê tōa-oat-oan.
**Tiông-kang**/**Tn̂g-kang** (長江) kó͘-chá hō-chòe **Kang** (江) ia̍h-sī **Tāi-kang** (大江), sī Tiong-kok chham A-chiu siāng-tn̂g ê chi̍t-tiâu hô-chhoan. Tn̂g-tō͘ tāi-iok ū 6,300 kong-lí. Gôan-thâu tī Tiong-kok Chheng-hái, chhut-kháu tī Siōng-hái.
# 8 goe̍h 21 ji̍t (kū-le̍k)

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| << | **Kū-le̍k 8 goe̍h** | >> |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
| 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 |
| 29 | 30 |   |
| Kū-le̍k goe̍h-le̍k |

**8 goe̍h 21 ji̍t** (Hàn-jī: 八月廿一日) sī kū-le̍k 8 goe̍h ê tē-21 ji̍t.