Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Se-pan-gâ-gí

| Se-pan-gâ-gí |
| --- |
| español, castellano |
| Sú-iōng tē-khu | Tiong Bí-chiu kap Lâm Bí-chiu toā-hūn; Pak Bí-chiu kap Carib-hái hia ū--chi̍t-koá; Europa chi̍t-kóa-á; choân sè-kài ta̍k só͘-chāi ê î-bîn |
| bú-gí sú-iōng-chiá | 352M (pau-hâm tē 2 gí-giân--ê ū 417M) |
| Gí-hē | Ìn-Au gí-hē
* Italic
	+ Roman gí-cho̍k
		- Italo-Western
			* Gallo-Iberian
				+ Ibero-Romance
					- Se Iberian
						* **Se-pan-gâ-gí**
 |
| Koaⁿ-hong tē-ūi |
| Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân |
lia̍t-toaⁿ
* Argentina
* Be̍k-se-ko
* Bolivia
* Chhiah-tō Guinea
* Chile
* Colombia
* Costa Rica
* Cuba
* Dominica Kiōng-hô-kok
* Ecuador
* El Salvador
* Guatemala
* Honduras
* Nicaragua
* New Mexico (Bí-kok)
* Panama
* Paraguay
* Peru
* Puerto Rico
* Se-pan-gâ
* Uruguay
* Venezuela
* Au-chiu Liân-bêng
 |
| Gí-giân tāi-bé |
| ISO 639-1 | `es` |
| ISO 639-2 | `spa` |
| ISO 639-3 | `spa` |
| Kóng Se-pan-gâ-gí ê só͘-chāi. |

**Se-pan-gâ-gí** (**español**; Sepangâ-gí) mā hō-chò **castellano**, sī 1 chióng Iberian Romance gí-giân, choân sè-kài tē 2 ~ 4 chē lâng ēng. Ū 352M lâng ê bó-gí sī Se-pan-gâ-gí, kóng ê lâng ū 417M (1999 nî ê sò͘-kì). Ū lâng jīn-ûi Eng-gí lia̍h-goā, tē 2 tiōng-iàu ê gí-giân sī Se-pan-gâ-gí, m̄ sī Hoat-gí, in-ūi tī Bí-kok jú lâi jú chia̍p ēng, Se-pan-gâ-gí sī koaⁿ-hong-gí-giân ê kok-ka chhut-seng-lu̍t ū khah koân, ū leh kóng ê só͘-chāi khoah keng-chè sêng-tióng kín, chiàm choân-kiû im-ga̍k chhī-tiûⁿ (*global music market*) ê pí-lē mā jú lâi jú koân, téng-téng chin chē in-sò͘.

Wikipedia
Wikipedia ū  Se-pan-gâ-gí ê pán-pún.
# Ú-ông

Ú-ông
**Ú-ông** (禹), sìⁿ **Sāi**(姒), miâ **Bûn-bēng** (文命), Hā-hiō-sī (夏后氏), sī Chhoan-hiok (顓頊) ê Cheng-sun. I ê lāu-pē miâ Kún (鯀), lāu-bú ūi iū-sin-sī (有莘氏) lí-siu-kí. Siong-thôan Ú-tī n̂g-hô chúi-hōan iú-kong, siū Sùn-tè (舜) sian-liōng kè tè-ūi. Ú kiáⁿ Khé (啓) sī Hā-tiâu ê tē-i̍t-ūi thian-chú.
# Hô-lân léng Formosa

| FormosaFormosa |
| --- |
| 1624 nî–1662 nî |
|
VOC ê kî

VOC ê hui-hō

 |
|  |
| Tē-ūi | Sit-bîn-tē |
| Siú-to͘ | Jia̍t-lân-jia |
| Thong-iōng gí-giân | O-lân-gú (koaⁿ-hong), Siraya-gú |
| Chong-kàu  | Ki-tok-kàu |
| Tâi-oân Chóng-tok |   |
|  |
| • 1624 nî – 1625 nî  | Martinus Sonck (thâu-jīm) |
| • 1656 nî – 1662 nî  | Frederick Coyett (bóe-jīm) |
|  |
| Le̍k-sú sî-kî | Tōa Hâng-hái sî-tāi, Kū Té-kok chú-gī |
|  |
| • Cornelis Reijersen chiàm Phîⁿ-ô͘  | 1622 nî |
| • Sonck kiàn-li̍p siong-koán  | 1624 nî  |
| • Hamada Yahyūe sū-kiāⁿ  | 1628 nî |
| • Lamay sū-kiāⁿ  | 1636 nî |
| • Ke-lâng chi Chiàn  | 1642 nî |
| • Koeh Hôai-it sū-kiāⁿ  | 1652 nî |
| • Tē Sêng-kong chiàm Tâi-oân  | 1661 nî - 1662 nî |
| • Coyett tâu-hâng Tēⁿ Sêng-kong  | 1662 nî 2 goe̍h 1 ji̍t |
| • Chheng-kok O-lân liân-kun  | 1663 nî |
|  |
| Hoè-pè | Se-pan-gâ gûn-oân |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| **í-chêng kok-ka** | **í-āu kok-ka** |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | Tâi-oân Sú-chêng Sî-kî |
|  | Middag Ông-kok |

 |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Tēⁿ-sī sî-kî |  |
| Middag Ông-kok |  |

 |

 |
| Taⁿ siok-tī |  Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok |

**Hô-lân léng Formosa** (荷蘭領--) sī Hô-lân tī 1624 nî kàu 1662 nî thóng-tī Tâi-oân ê sî-tāi.

Hô-lân tī 17 sè-kí sî keng-kòe Hô-lân Liân-ha̍p Tang Ìn-tō͘ Kong-si (Hô-lân-gí: Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie, sok-siá: VOC) tī Formosa (Tâi-oân) si̍t-bîn, sî-kan sī 1624 nî kàu 1662 nî, thóng-tī ê tiong-sim sī Jia̍t-lân-jia (hiān-sî ê An-pêng). In āu-bóe chiàn-su Tēⁿ Sêng-kong ê kun-tūi pēng-chhiáⁿ kiat-sok si̍t-bîn thóng-tī.

Poeh-cha̍p-nî Chiàn-cheng hoat-seng í-āu, Hô-lân-lâng sêng-li̍p liáu Hô-lân Tang-ìn-tō͘ Kong-si. Thàu-kòe chiàn-cheng chhiú-tōaⁿ, toat-chhú Se-pan-gâ kap Phû-tô-gâ tī Tang-a ê si̍t-bîn-tōe. Hô-lân-lâng tī Jakarta, Ambon í-kip Hirado (平戸) siat-li̍p siong-koán, tān-sī in it-ti̍t bô-hoat-tō͘ chìn-ji̍p Tiong-kok chhī-tiûⁿ.

1604 nî, Wybrand van Warwijck siūⁿ boeh chiàm-niá Má-kháu chiâⁿ-chòe kap Tiong-kok mō-e̍k ê chìn-chhut-káng, kiat-kó phah-su Phû-tô͘-gê. Wybrand van Warwijck sûi oat-hiòng chiàm-niá Phîⁿ-ô͘, phah-sǹg boeh an-iâⁿ-chat-chē.

## Tē-lí

O-lân khòng-chè ê chng-siā pau-koat: Sinkan, Tavakan, Bakloan, Soulang, Mattau, Tevorang, Favorlang, Takkais, Tornap, Terenip kap Assok.
# Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Hiàn-hoat

| *Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Hiàn-hoat* |
| --- |
| Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Hiàn-hoat goân-sí-pún ê thâu-ia̍h |
| Overview |
| Jurisdiction |  Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok |
| Ratified | 1946 nî 12 goe̍h 25 hō |
| Si-hêng | 1947 nî 12 goe̍h 25 hō |
| Chèng-thé | Tan-it gī-hōe-chè Chè-hiàn kiōng-hô-chè |
| Chèng-hú kè-kò͘ |
| Hun-chi | 5 īⁿ (Hêng-chèng-īⁿ, Li̍p-hoat-īⁿ, Su-hoat-īⁿ, Khó-chhì-īⁿ, Kàm-chhat-īⁿ) |
| Goân-siú | Chóng-thóng |
| Li̍p-hoat ki-koan | Saⁿ-īⁿ-chè (Kok-bîn Tāi-hōe, Li̍p-hoat-īⁿ, Kàm-chhat-īⁿ) |
| Hêng-chèng ki-koan | Hêng-chèng-īⁿ |
| Su-hoat ki-koan | Su-hoat-īⁿ |
| Federalism | Tan-it-chè |
| Electoral college | Ū (Kok-bîn Tāi-hōe) |
| Le̍k-sú |
| First legislature | 1948 nî 3 goe̍h 29 hō (Kok-bîn Tāi-hōe) 1948 nî 5 goe̍h 8 hō (Li̍p-hoat-īⁿ) 1948 nî 6 goe̍h 5 hō (Kàm-chhat-īⁿ) |
| First executive | 1948 nî 5 goe̍h 20 hō (chóng-thóng) 1948 nî 5 goe̍h 24 hō (Hêng-chèng-īⁿ-tiúⁿ) |
| First court | 1948 nî 7 goe̍h 2 hō (Su-hoat-īⁿ-tiúⁿ) |
| Amendments | 7 (siông-sè khòaⁿ Cheng-siu Tiâu-bûn) |
| Location | Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kok-sú-koán |
| Commissioned by | Chè-hiàn Kok-bîn Tāi-hōe |
| Khí-chhó-jîn | Tiuⁿ Kun-māi kap Chè-hiàn Kok-bîn Tāi-hōe |
| Chhiam-sú-chiá | Chè-hiàn Kok-bîn Tāi-hōe tī Lâm-kiaⁿ-chhī thong-kòe (tāi-piáu chóng lâng-gia̍h ū 2,050 lâng, 1,701 ê lâng chhut-se̍k, 1,485 ê lâng chàn-sêng） |
| Chhú-tāi | *Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Hùn-chèng Sî-kî Iok-hoat* |
| **Choân-bûn** |
|  Ûi-ki Tô͘-su-koán lāi-té ê zh:中華民國憲法 |

Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Hiàn-hoat (中華民國憲法) sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok ê hiàn-hoat, ū siōng koân ê hoat-lu̍t ūi-kai (位階). 1946 nî 12 goe̍h 25, Chè-hiān Kôk-bîn Tai-hōe tī Lâm-kiaⁿ-chhī gī-koat thong-kòe; 1947 nî goân-tàn, Kok-bîn Chèng-hú kong-pò͘, kâng-nî 12 goe̍h 25 si̍t-si. Kui phiⁿ ū 14 chiong, 175 tiâu.

## Chham-kiàn

* *Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Hiàn-hoat Cheng-siu Tiâu-bûn*

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
# Iong-chiu Chhek-sú-pō͘

**Iong-chiu Chhek-sú-pō͘** (雍州刺史部) sī Tiong-kok Hàn-tiâu sî-tāi ê chi̍t ê chhek-sú-pō͘.

## Siong-koan

* Si̍p-sam-chiu

Pang-bô͘:Se Hàn ê hêng-cheng-khu
Pang-bô͘:Tong Hàn ê hêng-chèng-khu
# Se-an-chhī

|  |
| --- |
| **Se-an-chhī** |
| —  **Hù-séng-kip siâⁿ-chhī**  — |
| **西安市** |
| Se-an-chhī
 |
| Se-an-chhī tī Siám-sai-séng ê ūi-tì ê uī-tìSe-an-chhī tī Siám-sai-séng ê ūi-tì |
| Se-an-chhī |
| Keng-hūi-tō͘: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kok-ka
  |  Tiong-kok
 |
| Séng
 | Siám-sai
 |
| Chèng-hú só͘-chāi | Bī-iong-khu |
| **Bīn-chek** |
|  - Lóng-chóng
  | 9,983 km2 |
| **Jîn-kháu** (2015) |
|  - Lóng-chóng | 8,705,600 lâng |
| Sî-khu | Tiong-kok Piau-chún Sî-khu (UTC+8)
  |
| Bāng-chām | www.xa.gov.cn |

**Se-an-chhī** (Hàn-jī: 西安市; Hàn-gú Pheng-im: Xī'ān Shì) sī Tiong-kok Siám-sai-séng ê séng-to͘. Hêng-chèng koán-lí siāng sio̍k tē-kip-chhī kap hù-séng-kip siâⁿ-chhī. 2004 nî ê chóng-jîn-kháu iok-lio̍k 716 bān.

## Hêng-chèng-khu

Se-an-chhī ê ē-kha hun-chò 9 ê khu, 4 ê koān.

* Bī-iong-khu (未央區)
* Sin-siâⁿ-khu (新城區)
* Pi-lîm-khu (碑林區)
* Liân-ô͘-khu (蓮湖區)
* Pà-kiô-khu (灞橋區)
* Gān-thah-khu (雁塔區)
* Iâm-liông-khu (閻良區)
* Lîm-tông-khu (臨潼區)
* Tiông-an-khu (長安區)
* Ko-lêng-khu (高陵區)
* Hō͘-ip-khu (鄠邑區)
* Lâm-tiân-koān (藍田縣)
* Chiu-chì-koān (周至縣)

* Se-an-chhī
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
# Tiong-Ji̍t Chiàn-cheng

**Tiong-kok Khòng-ji̍t Chiàn-cheng** (中國抗日戰爭), mā kiò choè **Peh-nî Khòng-chiàn** (八年抗戰), sī Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok tī 1937 nî kàu 1945 nî hoán-khòng Tāi-ji̍t-pún Tè-kok chhim-lio̍k ê chiàn-cheng.

## Siong-koan

* Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn
# Hân Jú

Hân Jú
**Hân Jú** (韓愈, 768 nî  – 824 nî ), piáu-jī **Thè-chi** (退之), sī Tiong-kok Tông-tiâu sî-hāu ê 1 ê koan-liâu kah bûn-ha̍k-ka. I sī Tông Sòng Pat-tāi-ka chi it.

| Tông Sòng Pat-tāi-ka |
| --- |
| Hân Jú · Liú Chong-goân · Au-iông Siu · So͘ Sûn · So͘ Sek · So͘ Tia̍t · Chan Kióng · Ông An-se̍k |
# Îⁿ-chiu-lu̍t

Nā-sī îⁿ-hêng ê ti̍t-kèng sī 1, i-ê îⁿ-chiu tio̍h-sī π.
**Îⁿ-chiu-lu̍t** sī Eukleides khong-kan lāi-té, chi̍t-ê îⁿ-hêng ê îⁿ-chiu kap ti̍t-kèng ê pí-lē, thong-iōng ê hû-hō sī **π**, tha̍k-chòe "phai". Sò͘-ha̍k tiāⁿ-sò π sī chi̍t-ê bô-lí-sò͘, sò͘-ta̍t tāi-iok téng-û 3.14159. Sò͘-ha̍k, bu̍t-lí, kang-têng lóng chin chia̍p ēng. Mā ū lâng kā îⁿ-chiu-lu̍t hō-chò **Archimedes tiāⁿ-sò͘** iah-sī **Ludolph sò͘**.

Sió-siá ê Hi-lia̍p jī-bó *π* tiāⁿ hông the̍h lâi piáu-sī îⁿ-chiu-lu̍t.
# Chhiú-cháiⁿ

**Chhiú-cháiⁿ** (Hàn-jī: 手指) sī lâng kap chi̍t-kóa lêng-tióng-lūi tōng-bu̍t ê chhiú ê chéng-thâu.

Lâng ê 5 ki chhiú-cháiⁿ hun-pia̍t hō-chò:

1. Tōa-thâu-bú
2. Jī-cháiⁿ
3. Tiong-cháiⁿ
4. Bóe-jī-cháiⁿ
5. Bóe-cháiⁿ

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
# Hoat-kàⁿ

Chiú-cheng hoat-kàⁿ ê kòe-têng
**Hoat-kàⁿ** (發酵; *fermentation*) it-poaⁿ sī teh kóng seng-bu̍t-thé tùi iú-ki-bu̍t ê bó͘-chióng hoà-ha̍k hun-kái kòe-têng. Hoat-kàⁿ sī jîn-lūi siāng-chá chiap-chhiok tio̍h ê seng-bu̍t hoà-ha̍k hoán-èng. Hiān-chāi, hoat-kàⁿ tī si̍t-phín kang-gia̍p, seng-bu̍t kap hoà-ha̍k kang-gia̍p í-keng pī kóng-hoat ê lâi èng-iōng. Hoat-kàⁿ ē-sái kóng sī seng-bu̍t hoà-ha̍k ê ki-pún kòe-têng, iā chiū sī hoat-kàⁿ kang-têng. Tùi hoat-kàⁿ hoán-èng ki-chè ê gián-kiù iu-goân tng-teh chìn-hêng.
# Sumer

Sumer bûn-bêng ê siâⁿ-chhī.
**Sumer** sī Mesopotamia tē-khu ê bûn-bêng, sī sè-kài-siōng siāng-chá ê bûn-bêng chi-it. Kî-tiong ê Ubaid sî-kî tāi-iok tī kong-gôan-chêng 6000 nî ê sî-chūn; Uruk sî-kî tī kong-gôan-chêng 4000 nî ê sî-chūn; Ông-tiâu sî-kî tī kong-gôan-chêng 3000 nî. Sumer bûn-bêng āu-bé tī kong-gôan-chêng 2000 nî ê sî-chūn hō͘ Babylon chhú-tāi.
# Cheng-goân (Kim)

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| 貞元**Cheng-goân**

|  |
| --- |
| 1153 nî ~ 1156 nî |

 |
| **Kok-ka** | Kim-tiâu |
| **Kun-chú** | Hái-lêng-ông Oân-gân Liāng |
| **Tn̂g-té** | 4 tang |

**Cheng-goân** (貞元; 1153 nî ~ 1156 nî) sī Kim-tiâu Hái-lêng-ông Oân-gân Liāng ê liân-hō; chêng-āu 4 tang.

## Tōa Tāi-chì

## Chham sin-le̍k kap kan-chi ê tùi-chiàu-pió

## Siong-koan

* Tiong-kok ê liân-hō

|  |
| --- |
| **Cheng-goân (Kim)** |
| Chiap-sio̍k Thian-tek | **Kim-tiâu ê liân-hō** | Kè-sio̍k Chèng-liông |
# Chông-cheng Hông-tè

|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Chông-cheng Hông-tè 崇禎皇帝 |  |

 |
| *Tāi Bêng ê hông-tè* |
| Tāi Bêng ê hông-tè |
| Chāi-ūi | 1627 nî 10 goe̍h 2 ji̍t – 1644 nî 4 goe̍h 25 ji̍t |
| Tài-koan-sek | 1627 nî |
| Chêng-jīm | Thian-khé Hông-tè |
| Kè-jīm | Hông-kong Hông-tè (Lâm Bêng) |
|  |
|

| Choân-miâ |
| --- |
| Chu Iû-kiám (朱由檢) |
| Liân-hō kap sî-kan |
| Chông-cheng (崇禎): 1627–1644 |
| Sē-hō |
| Lia̍t Hông-tè (烈皇帝), Toan Hông-tè (端皇帝), Bín Hông-tè (愍皇帝) |
| Biō-hō |
| Su-chong (思宗), Gī-chong (毅宗), Ui-chong (威宗), Hoâi-chong (懷宗) |

 |
| Lāu-pē | Thài-chhiong Hông-tè |
| Lāu-bú | Hàu-sûn Hông-thài-hiō |
| Chhut-sì | 1611 nî 2 goe̍h 8 ji̍t(1611-02-08) Pak-kiaⁿ |
| Kòe-sin | 1644 nî 4 goe̍h 25 ji̍t (33 hòe) Pak-kiaⁿ |
| Chhiam-miâ |  |

**Chông-cheng Hông-tè** (崇禎皇帝; 1611 nî 2 goe̍h 6 ji̍t – 1644 nî 4 goe̍h 25 ji̍t), miâ **Chu Iû-kiám** (朱由檢), sī Tiong-kok Bêng-tiâu ê tē 17 tāi hông-tè, mā sī Bêng-tiâu choè-āu ê hông-tè. I tī 1627 nî kàu 1644 nî nî-kàiⁿ chāi-ūi, nî-hō Chông-cheng (崇禎). I tī 1644 nî Lí Chū-sêng pō͘-tūi phah ji̍p Pak-kiaⁿ ê sî-āu chū-sat. Biō-hō **Su-chong** (思宗), **Gī-chong** (毅宗) ia̍h **Ui-chong** (威宗), Chheng-kok hō͘ i ê biō-hō sī **Hoâi-chong** (懷宗).
# Tiâu-iông-chhī

**Tiâu-iông-chhī** (朝陽市) sī Tiong-kok Liâu-lêng-séng ê 1 ê tē-kip-chhī.

## Hêng-chèng-khu

* Siang-thah-khu (雙塔區)
* Liông-siâⁿ-khu (龍城區)
* Pak-phiò-chhī (北票市)
* Lêng-goân-chhī (淩源市)
* Tiâu-iông-koān (朝陽縣)
* Kiàn-pêng-koān (建平縣)
* Harqin Chó-e̍k Bông-kó͘-cho̍k Chū-tī-koān (--左翼蒙古族自治縣)
# U-jiám-bu̍t

**U-jiám-bu̍t** (汙染物) sī ē ti̍t-chiap he̍k-chiá sī kàn-chiap sún-hāi khoân-kéng ia̍h-sī jîn-lūi kiān-khong ê bu̍t-chit. U-jiám-bu̍t ū-ê sī iû chū-jiân-kài sán-seng ê, ū-ê sī iû jîn-lūi oa̍h-tāng sán-seng ê. khoân-kéng kho-ha̍k chú-iàu chiū sī teh gián-kiù,kap koan-chù jîn-lūi oa̍h-tāng só͘ sán-seng ê u-jiám-bu̍t.

U-jiám-bu̍t sī tī te̍k-tēng ê khoân-kéng tiong, ta̍t-tio̍h it-tēng ê lông-tō͘ ia̍h-sī sò͘-liōng, chhî-sio̍k chûn-chāi it-tēng sî-kan ê bó͘ chi̍t-koá tùi khoân-kéng lâi kóng bô-su-iàu ê bu̍t-chit. U-jiám-bu̍t bô it-tēng sī ū-to̍k bu̍t-chit.
# Kok-chè Hoè-pè Ki-kim

Kok-chè Hoè-pè Ki-kim| The International Monetary Fund headquarters in Washington, D.C. |
| Kán-chheng | IMF |
| Sêng-li̍p | 1945 nî 12 goe̍h 27 ji̍t​ (1945-12-27)  |
| Lūi-hêng | International financial institution |
| Bo̍k-piau | Promote international monetary co-operation, facilitate international trade, foster sustainable economic growth, make resources available to members experiencing balance of payments difficulties, prevent and assist with recovery from international financial crises |
| Chóng-pō͘ | 700 19th Street NW, Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| Chō-piau | ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Ho̍k-bū | Worldwide |
| Hōe-oân | 190
countries (189 UN countries and Kosovo) |
| Koan-hong gí-giân | English |
| Managing Director | Kristalina Georgieva |
| First Deputy Managing Director | Gita Gopinath |
| Chief Economist | Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas |
| Main organ | Board of Governors |
| Siōng-kip cho͘-chi |  United Nations |
| Ū-sǹg (2022) | $1.2 billion USD |
| Chit-oân | 2,400 |
| Bāng-chām | IMF.org |

**Kok-chè Hòe-pè Ki-kim** (Eng-gí: *International Monetary Fund*, **IMF**), hoa̍t-lo̍h choân-kiû kim-iông hē-thóng ê kok-chè cho͘-chit.

IMF kap Sè-kài Gîn-hâng lóng sī chiàn-aū Bretton Woods hē-thóng ê he̍k-sim cho͘-chit.

## Tsù-kái

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām
# Hóe-chhia-thâu

Eng-kok Lûn-tun ê Victoria Chhia-thâu.
**Hóe-chhia-thâu** (Hàn-jī: 火車頭), kán-chheng **chhia-thâu**, mā ē-sái kiò-chòe **hóe-chhia-chām** (火車站), sī hóe-chhia kò͘-tēng thêng beh hō͘ lâng mi̍h chiūⁿ-lo̍h-chhia ê só͘-chāi. Chá-kî ê chhia-thâu thong-siông sī kheh-hòe nn̄g iōng, chit khoán chhia-thâu chit-má iu-goân ū, m̄-koh tī Au-Bí, hòe-ūn it-poaⁿ í-keng chi̍p-tiong tī chú-iàu ê chhia-thâu. Tōa-pō͘-hūn ê chhia-thâu lóng sī tī thih-lō͘ piⁿ, he̍k-chiá tī lō͘-sòaⁿ ê chiong-tiám. Chhia-thâu lāi ū goa̍t-tâi (pêng-tâi ia̍h khiā-tâi) lī-piān sêng-kheh chiūⁿ-lo̍h-chhia, goa̍t-tâi iōng pōng-khang ia̍h kiô hām chhia-thâu tōa-tn̂g liân-chiap. Kî-thaⁿ chhia-thâu siat-pī pau-koat siū-phiò, hāu-chhia-sek, tī goa̍t-tâi téng hāu-chhia ê chē-ūi téng-téng.
# Hong-súi

Hong-súi pôaⁿ
**Hong-súi** (風水), it-poaⁿ kháu-gí kóng **khòaⁿ tē-lí** (看地理), sī siòng tē ê ha̍k-būn; it-poaⁿ the̍h-lâi teh soán chhù, siâⁿ-chhī ia̍h bōng ài án-chóaⁿ khí khah hó-sè.
# Gyantse Koān

**Gyantse-koān** (Chōng-gí: རྒྱལ་རྩེ་རྫོང་།, Hàn-gí: 江孜縣) sī Tiong-kok Se-chōng Chū-tī-khu Shigatse-chhī ê chi̍t ê koān.

* Gyantse-koān
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
# Ò-mn̂g

| Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Ò-mn̂g Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區 Região Administrativa Especial de Macau da República Popular da China |
| --- |
| Tiong-kok ê te̍k-pia̍t hêng-chèng-khu |
|  khu-kî khu-hui |
|  |
| Chú-khoân kok-ka | Tiong-kok |
| Hêng-chèng tiong-sim | Ò-mn̂g Poàn-tó |
| Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân | Hàn-gí, Phû-tô-gâ-gí |
| sêng-jīn ê tē-hng gí-giân | Oa̍t-gí |
| Chèng-hú | Siā-hōe-chú-gī kok-ka ê hêng-chèng khoân-hān úi-jiōng (it-kok-lióng-chè) |
|  |
| • Hêng-chèng tiúⁿ-koaⁿ  | Hō It-sêng |
| • Hêng-chèng Hoat-bū-su-tiúⁿ  | Tiuⁿ Éng-chhun |
| • Li̍p-hoat-hōe chú-se̍k  | Ko Khai-hiân |
| • Choè-ko hoat-koaⁿ  | Gîm Hō-hui |
|  |
| Li̍p-hoat ki-kò͘ | Li̍p-hoat-hōe |
| Kok-ka Tāi-piáu |
| • Choân-kok Jîn-tāi | 12 |
| • Choân-kok Chèng-hia̍p | 29 |
| Bīn-chek |
| • Lóng-chóng | 115.3 km2 (44.5 sq mi) |
| • Chúi-he̍k (%) | 73.7 |
| Jîn-kháu |
| • 2022 nî kó͘-kè | 672,800 |
| • Bi̍t-tō͘ | 20,300/km2 (52,576.8/sq mi) (tē 1 miâ) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2024 nî kó͘-kè |
| • Lóng-chóng | $92.885 cha̍p-ek (tē 101 miâ) |
| • Pêng-kin | $125,510 (tē 4 miâ) |
| GDP (bêng-gī) | 2024 nî kó͘-kè |
| • Lóng-chóng | $54.677 cha̍p-ek (tē 90 miâ) |
| • Pêng-kin | $78,962 (tē 9 miâ) |
| Gini (2018 nî) | 36.0 tiong |
| HDI (2019 nî) |  0.922 chin ko · tē 17 miâ |
| Hoè-pè | Ò-mn̂g pataca (MOP) |
| Sî-khu | UTC+8 (MST) |
| Sî-kan keh-sek | dd-mm-yyyy yyyy年mm月dd日 |
| Siong-iōng tiān-goân | 220 V–50 Hz |
| Khui-chhia hong-hiòng | chó |
| Tiān-oē khu-hō | +853 |
| Siōng-téng domain | .mo .澳門 .澳门 |

**Ò-mn̂g** (澳門; Oa̍t-gí: ou3 mun2) iah-sī **Má-kháu** (媽口, Phû-tô-gâ-gí: Macau), choân-miâ sī **Ò-mn̂g Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu** (Hàn-jī: 澳門特別行政區; Oa̍t-gí: ou3 mun2 dak6 bit6 hang4 zing3 keoi1; Phû-tô-gâ-gí: Região Administrativa Especial de Macau) sī Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ē-kha ê 1-ê te̍k-pia̍t hêng-chèng-khu.

## Tē-lí

## Chù-kha
# Ek-iông-chhī

**Ek-iông-chhī** (益陽市) sī Tiong-kok Ô͘-lâm-séng ê 1 ê tē-kip-chhī.

## Hêng-chèng-khu

* Hek-san-khu (赫山區)
* Chu-iông-khu (資陽區)
* Goân-kang-chhī (沅江市)
* Lâm-koān (南縣)
* Thô-kang-koān (桃江縣)
* An-hoà-koān (安化縣)
# Chiau-thong-chhī

**Chiau-thong-chhī** (昭通市) sī Tiong-kok Hûn-lâm-séng ê chi̍t-ê tē-kip-chhī.

## Hêng-chèng-khu

* Chiau-iông-khu (昭陽區)
* Ló͘-tiān-koān (魯甸縣)
* Kháu-ka-koān (巧家縣)
* Iâm-chin-koān (鹽津縣)
* Tāi-koan-koān (大關縣)
* Éng-siān-koān (永善縣)
* Jûi-kang-koān (綏江縣)
* Tìn-hiông-koān (鎮雄縣)
* Î-liông-koān (彝良縣)
* Ui-sìn-koān (威信縣)
* Súi-hù-koān (水富縣)
# Bayingolin Bông-kó͘ Chū-tī-chiu

Bayingolin Bông-kó͘ Chū-tī-chiu
**Bayingolin Bông-kó͘ Chū-tī-chiu** (Uyghur-gí: بايىنغولىن موڭغۇل ئاپتونوم ئوبلاستى ; Bông-kó͘-gí: Bayanγol mongγol ebereen, Hàn-gí: 巴音郭楞蒙古自治州) sī Tiong-kok Sin-kiong Uyghur Chū-tī-khu ê chi̍t-ê chū-tī-chiu.

## Hêng-chèng-khu

* Korla-chhī
* Hô-chēng-koān (和靜縣)
* Lopnur-koān
* Hoxud-koān
* Qarqan-koān
* Baghrash-koān
* Bügür-koān
* Qarkilik-koān
* Ian-kî Hoê-cho̍k Chū-tī-koān (焉耆回族自治縣)
# 2000 nî-tāi

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| **Sè-kí:** | 20 sè-kí · **21 sè-kí** · 22 sè-kí |
| **Nî-tāi:** | 1980 nî-tāi 1990 nî-tāi · **2000 nî-tāi** · 2010 nî-tāi 2020 nî-tāi |
| **Nî:** | 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 |

**2000 nî-tāi** sī 2000 nî kàu 2009 nî ê 10-tang.

## Sū-kiāⁿ kap tiâu-liû

* 2000 nî
* 2001 nî
* 2002 nî
* 2003 nî
* 2004 nî
* 2005 nî
* 2006 nî
* 2007 nî
* 2008 nî
* 2009 nî

## Jîn-bu̍t

* Vladimir Putin
* Dmitry Medvedev
* George W. Bush
* Barack Obama
* Gerhard Schröder
* Angela Merkel
* Tony Blair
* Saddam Hussein
* Jacques Chirac
* Nicolas Sarkozy
* Silvio Berlusconi
* Romano Prodi
* Fidel Castro
* Raúl Castro
* Hugo Chávez
* Muammar al-Qadafi
* Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
* Yasser Arafat
* Ariel Sharon
* Ehud Olmert
* Benjamin Netanyahu
* Kàu-chong Benedictus 16-sè
* Tân Chúi-píⁿ
* Má Eng-kiú
* Kim Chèng-ji̍t
* Mori Yosirô
* Koizumi Zyun'itirô
* Abe Sinzô
* Hukuda Yasuo
* Asô Tarô
* Hatoyama Yukio
* Akihito Tian-hông
* Gordon Brown
* Ô͘ Kím-tô
# Súi

Rayonnant mûi-kùi-thang
**Súi** (Eng-bûn: *beauty*) sī tiat-ha̍k ê chi̍t ê kài-liām. Choan-bûn teh gián-kiù súi ê ha̍k-kho sī bí-ha̍k, i sī tiat-ha̍k ê chi̍t ê hun-chi. Súi ê tiat-ha̍k tēng-gī sī kū-thé mi̍h-kiāⁿ ê cho͘-sêng pō͘-hūn, sī kū-thé khoân-kéng, hiān-siōng, tāi-chì, hêng-ûi, bu̍t-thé tùi jîn-lūi ê seng-chûn hoat-tián kū-iú ê te̍k-sû sèng-lêng, chiàⁿ-bīn ì-gī kap kè-ta̍t. Súi sī jîn-kûn teh bi̍t-chhiat chiap-chhiok kū-thé mi̍h-kiāⁿ, siū-tio̍h i-ê chhì-kek kap éng-hióng lâi sán-seng liáu sim-sek kap boán-chiok ê bí-hó kám-kak liáu-āu, tùi kū-thé mi̍h-kiāⁿ tiong hun-kái hām thiu-chhú chhut-lâi kap bái siong-tùi ê thiu-siōng kài-liām. Súi sī kū-thé mi̍h-kiāⁿ ê cho͘-sêng pō͘-hūn, i bô-hoat-tō͘ lī-khui kū-thé mi̍h-kiāⁿ lâi tan-to̍k chûn-chāi.
# Kó͘-tián chū-iû-chú-gī

Kó͘-tián chū-iû-chú-gī (古典自由主義; Eng-gí: Classical liberalism) sī chit-chióng chèng-tī bûn-hòa, sī chū-iû-chú-gī ê hun-chhe. I chàn-siaⁿ chū-iû chhī-tiûⁿ kap chū-iû hòng-jīm ê keng-chè, mā kó͘-chhoe hoat-tī chi-hā ê kong-bîn chū-iû, te̍k-pia̍t kiông-tiāu kò-jîn chū-tī, iú-hān chèng-hú, keng-chè chū-iû, chèng-tī chū-iû kap giân-lūn chū-iû.

## Chhut-miâ ê sù-siông-ka

* John Locke (1632–1704)
* John Stuart Mill (1806–1872)

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
# Tom Paine

**Thomas Paine** (1737 nî 2 goe̍h 9 ji̍t [kū-le̍k 1736 nî 1 goe̍h 29 ji̍t] – 1809 nî 6 goe̍h 8 ji̍t) sī Eng-lân/Bí-kok ê chèng-tī oa̍h-tāng-chiá, tiat-ha̍k-ka, chèng-tī lí-lūn-ka kiam kek-bēng-ka. I sī Bí-kok ê Kiàn-kok Chu-hū chi it.
# Amtrak

Bí-kok Kok-thih (Amtrak)|  |
| 2016 nî ê Amtrak bāng-lō͘ tē-tô͘ (interactive map) |
| Overview |
| Headquarters | 1 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. |
| Reporting mark | AMTK and AMTZ (IATA code: 2V)
(CDTX for the state-funded Amtrak services in California) |
| Locale | * Contiguous United States (except South Dakota and Wyoming)
* British Columbia, Ontario, and Québec in Canada
 |
| Dates of operation | May 1, 1971–present |
| Predecessor | 20 privately operated intercity passenger rail systems |
| Technical |
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) phiau-chún thih-ki-kui |
| Electrification | * 12 kV, 25 Hz AC: Northeast Corridor (Washington, D.C. – New Rochelle) and Philadelphia to Harrisburg Main Line (Keystone Corridor)
* 25 kV, 60 Hz AC: Northeast Corridor (New Rochelle – Boston)
 |
| Length | * 44 routes (21,400 miles (34,400 km) route miles)
* Track owned: 623 miles (1,003 km)
 |
| Other |
| Website | amtrak.com |

**Amtrak**, it-poaⁿ hō-chò **Bí-kok Kok-thih** (美國國鐵) ia̍h **Bí-thih** (美鐵), choân-miâ **Kok-ka Thih-lō͘ Khek-ūn Kong-sī** (*National Railroad Passenger Corporation*) sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t keng choan-bûn teh keng-êng tn̂g-tô͘ thih-lō͘ kheh-ūn ê êng-lī-sèng kong-si. 1971 nî 5 goe̍h chhe 1 sêng-li̍p, chóng-pō͘ siat tī Hôa-sēng-tùn ê Liân-ha̍p Chhia-thâu. Amtrak bo̍k-chiân ū chhiau-kòe 20,000 ê oân-kang. Choân-kok chóng lō͘-sòaⁿ tn̂g 35,000 kong-lí, ho̍k-bū hoān-ûi hâm-kài Bí-kok 46 ê chiu í-ki̍p Ka-ná-tāi 3 ê séng-hūn, chóng-kiōng 500 ê chhia-thâu.

## Chù-kái
# Tiong-hôa Tâi-pak

Mûi-hoe-kî
**Tiong-hôa Tâi-pak** (中華臺北) sī Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok tī kok-chè sài-sū ê chú-iàu miâ-chheng, kán-chheng **Tiong-hôa-tūi** (中華隊) ia̍h **Tâi-oân-tūi** (臺灣隊). In-ūi sè-kài tōa-to-sò͘ kok-ka sêng-jīn "chi̍t ê Tiong-kok" ê gōa-kau chèng-chhek, 1981 nî 3 goe̍h 23 hō, Tiong-hôa Ò-lîm-phit-khek Úi-oân-hōe kap Kok-chè Ò-lîm-phit-khek Úi-oân-hōe tī Sūi-se chhiam-tēng hia̍p-gī kap he̍k-chún liáu-āu, koat-gī chhái-ēng chit-ê miâ-chheng, chò-ûi chham-ka kok-chè thé-io̍k ūn-tōng ê tāi-piáu-thoân miâ-chheng. Che hō͘ lâng kiò chò **Ò-hōe bô͘-sek** (奧會模式) ia̍h **Ò-ūn Bô͘-sek** (奧運模式).
# New York Mets

| New York Mets |
| --- |
|  *2026 nî New York Mets kiû-kùi* |
| Tī 1962 nî **sêng-li̍p** |
|

|  |
| --- |
|  |
| **Bō-á hui-chiong** |

 |
| Tāi liân-bêng lē-sio̍k |
| * Kok-ka Liân-bêng (1962–taⁿ)
	+ Tang-khu (1969–taⁿ)
 |
| Tong-kim chè-ho̍k |
|  |
| Thè-hiu hō-bé | ** 14
* 37
* 41
* 42
* Shea* |
| Sek-chhái |
| *
 |
| Miâ |
| * **New York Mets (1962–taⁿ)**
 |
| Phian-miâ |
| * **The Metropolitans, The Amazin's, The Metsies The Miracle Mets (1969), The Amazin Mets (1969), The Bad Guys (1986)**
 |
| Kiû-po͘ |
| * **Citi Field (2009–taⁿ) Shea Stadium (1964–2008)
* Polo Grounds (1962–1963)
 |
| Tāi liân-bêng kì-lo̍k |
| Sè-kài Hē-lia̍t-sài koan-kun (2) | * 1986
* 1969
 |
| NL koan-kun (5) | * 2015
* 2000
* 1986
* 1973
* 1969
 |
| Tang-khu koan-kun (6) | * 2015
* 2006
* 1988
* 1986
* 1973
* 1969
 |
| Wild card (2) | * 2000
* 1999
 |
| Kiû-thoân |
| Thâu-ke | Fred Wilpon (52%) |
| Chóng-kàu-liān | Terry Collins |
| Chóng-keng-lí | Sandy Alderson |
| Êng-ūn chóng-chhâi | Saul Katz |

**New York Mets** sī MLB Kok-ka Liân-bêng Tang-khu ê chi̍t ki kiû-tūi; chú-tiûⁿ siat tī Bí-kok ê New York Chhī.

## Chham-khó

 *Che sī chi̍t phiⁿ kap **iá-kiû** siong-koan ê phí-á-kiáⁿ. Chhiáⁿ tàu khok-chhiong.*
# Chu-pún

**Chu-pún** tī keng-chè-ha̍k, châi-bū kap koè-kè ū kúi-ā-ê sio-liâm-tì-toà ê ì-sù.

Tī châi-bū, kim-iông kap koè-kè lâi kóng, chu-pún phó͘-thong-tek sī chí chu-kim, te̍k-pia̍t sī ēng lâi khí-chō kap î-chhî khì-gia̍p ê chu-kim.

Tī kó͘-tián keng-chè-ha̍k--ni̍h, **chu-pún** sī 3 ê seng-sán iàu-sò͘ lāi-té ê 1 ê, lēng-goā 2 ê tō sī thó͘-tē kap lô͘-tōng-le̍k. Hoān-nā ū ē-kha chit 3 ê te̍k-teng--ê tō sī chu-pún:

* Ē-thang ēng tī seng-sán pa̍t-ê ê hoè-mi̍h. (Chit tiám sī i chiâⁿ-chò seng-sán iàu-sò͘ chi-it ê in-toaⁿ).
* Sī jîn-chō--ê, siong-tùi "thó͘-tē" lâi kóng, sī chí seⁿ-sêng ū ê chu-goân, chhin-chhiūⁿ tē-lí ê ūi-tì kap khòng-bu̍t.
* Tī seng-sán ê koè-têng-tiong bē sûi tō ēng liáu-chīn--ê, iā-tō-sī kóng kap goân-liāu chham tiong-kan huè-mi̍h bô-kâng.

Téng-koân ê tē-saⁿ ê tēng-gī tī kó͘-tián keng-chè-ha̍k--ni̍h bô hō͘ lâng lóng-chóng chhái-iōng, pí-lūn, keng-chè-ha̍k-ka David Ricardo sī kā hû-ha̍p tsiah-ê tēng-gī ê hō-chò **kò͘-tēng chu-pún**, nā koh ka-siōng goân-liāu kap tiong-kan sán-phín, tō kò͘-sêng Ricardo kóng ê **liû-thong chu-pún**. Tùi i lâi kóng, chit 2 ê hāng-mi̍h kan-taⁿ sī chu-pún ê 2 ê sè-lūi.