Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Chū-iû-chi-ka

Chū-iû-chi-ka
Freedom House| Sêng-li̍p | 1941 nî 10 goe̍h 31 ji̍t​ (1941-10-31)  |
| Lūi-hêng | gián-kiù ki-kò͘、tì-khò͘ |
| Chóng-pō͘ |  Bí-kok Washington, D.C. 1850 M Street NW, Suite 1100 |
| Chú-iàu jîn-bu̍t | Chair: Michael Chertoff President: Michael J. Abramowitz |
| Siu-ji̍p (2019) | $48,017,381 |
| Khai-chi (2019) | $49,040,735 |
| Chit-oân | tāi-iok 150 lâng |
| Bāng-chām | www.freedomhouse.org |

**Chū-iû-chi-ka** (Hàn-jī: **自由之家**; Eng-gí: **Freedom House**) sī chi̍t ê Bí-kok ê hui-chèng-hú cho͘-chit. In ê bo̍k-te̍k sī hiòng sè-kài kok-kok thui-sak bīn-chú, chèng-tī chū-iû kap jîn-khoân. In ta̍k-nî lóng ē hoat-piáu koan-î chū-iû, sin-bûn chū-iû, bāng-lō͘ chū-iû ê tiâu-cha pò-kò.(*,*

## Pò-kò

### *Freedom in the World*

Kin-kì Chū-iû-chi-ka ê *Freedom in the World 2021* tiâu-cha pò-kò, túi sè-kài kok-kok àn-chiàu 2020 nî chū-iû têng-tô͘ hun chò 3 lūi:  Free   Partially Free   Not Free
### *Freedom of the Press*

## Chham-khó
# Soaⁿ

Í-tāi-lī ê Marmolada.
**Soaⁿ** sī pí sì-chiu-ûi khah koân ê tē-hêng, pēng-chhiá ài ū it-tēng ê kôan-tō͘ khah ē hŏng hō chò soaⁿ, chóng-sī bô it-tēng piau-chún.
# Tiong-téng ha̍k-hāu

**Tiong-téng ha̍k-hāu** (Eng-gí: *secondary school* "chhù-kip ha̍k-hāu"), he̍k-chiá kiò **tiong-ha̍k-hāu** iā **tiong-ha̍k** (-o̍h), sī thê-kiong tiong-téng kàu-io̍k ê ki-koan. Ū-ê só͘-chāi tiong-téng thang thiah chò chho͘-kip tiong-téng kap ko-kip tiong-téng nn̄g tōaⁿ, pí-lūn tī Bí-kok ū hun tiong-ha̍k-hāu kap ko-ha̍k-hāu.

## Iōng-gí

Tī Tang-iûⁿ kok-ka, pí-lūn Ji̍t-pún, it-poaⁿ sī sú-iōng Hàn-jī-sû "tiong-téng ha̍k-hāu" (中等学校) iā "tiong-ha̍k-hāu" (中学校), tùi-èng Pak Bí-chiu-sek ê *high school* ("ko-ha̍k-hāu"). Tī Bí-kok, Tiong-téng ha̍k-hāu thang hun nn̄g tōaⁿ, thâu tōaⁿ hō chò *middle school* ("tiong-ha̍k-hāu") iā *junior high school* ("chiân-kî ko-ha̍k-hāu"), āu tōaⁿ kiò *high school* ("ko-ha̍k-hāu") iā *senior high school* ("āu-kî ko-ha̍k-hāu").
# Chio̍h-thâu tìm

**Chio̍h-thâu tìm** sî ke̍k-hêng (sí-hêng) ê chi̍t khoán, ki-pún hong-sek sī ēng chio̍h-thâu kā lâng tìm-sí. It-poaⁿ sī hō͘ chi̍t kûn lâng lâi chip-hêng. Chiàu hiān-tāi ê piau-chún, che sǹg sī khok-hêng.

Chio̍h-thâu tìm tī Hi-pek-lâi Sèng-keng tiong ū chin chē kì-lio̍k. Nā hiān-tāi chú-iàu lóng hoat-seng tī I-su-lân tē-khu, pō͘-hūn sī hoat-lu̍t kui-tēng, pō͘-hūn sī su-hêng.
# Bí-kok Kok-bū Pō͘

Bí-kok Kok-bū Pō͘| United States Department of State |
|  |
|  |
| Ki-koan chu-sìn |
| Chóng-pō͘ | Washington, D.C. |
| Siú-tiúⁿ | * Kok-bū Pō͘-tiúⁿ
 |
| Bāng-chām | state.gov |

**Bí-kok Kok-bū Pō͘** (Eng-gí: *United States Department of State*), Hàn-bûn mā hoan-e̍k chò **Kok-bū-īⁿ** (國務院), sī Bí-kok chú-koán kok-chè koan-hē ê liân-pang chân-kip hêng-chèng pō͘-mn̂g.

## Hō-miâ

1789 nî 9 goe̍h 15, Bí-kok kok-hōe thong-kòe chi̍t hāng hoat-àn, lāi-bīn pau-koat kā chìn-chêng ê Gōa-bǔ-pō͘ (*Department of Foreign Affairs*) kái miâ chò Kok-bū-pō͘, che chú-iàu sī phòe-ha̍p hit-chūn phài chi̍t kóa kok-lāi sū-bū hō͘ in. Hia ê tāi-chì pau-koat ū hoat-pò͘ kap pó-koán Bí-kok hoat-lu̍t téng chē khoán kì-lio̍k khang-khòe. Hiān-chāi iáu koh î-chhî kok-lāi sū-bū ū Tōa-chiong (*Great Seal*) ê pó-chûn kap Pe̍h-kiong ê gî-sek téng tāi-chì.

## Chham-khó

## Siong-koan

* Bí-kok Kok-bū Pō͘-tiúⁿ
# Sierra Leone

| Sierra Leone Kiōng-hô-kokRepublic of Sierra Leone |
| --- |
|
kok-kî

kok-hui

 |
| **Chu-kù:**Unity, Freedom, Justice "thoân-kiat, chū-iû, chèng-gī" |
| **Kok-koa:** High We Exalt Thee, Realm of the Free "Lán chàn-iông lí, chū-iû ê kok" |
|  |
| Siú-to͘ kap siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī | Freetown |
| Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân | Eng-gí |
| Sêng-jīn ê kok-ka gí-giân | Krio-gí |
| Chèng-hú | tan-it-chè, chóng-thóng-chè, kiōng-hô-kok |
|  |
| • chóng-thóng  | Julius Maada Bio |
| • hù-chóng-thóng  | Mohamed Juldeh Jalloh |
| • chóng-lí  | Jacob Jusu Saffa |
| • Gī-hoē gī-tiúⁿ  | Abass Chernor Bundu |
|  |
| Li̍p-hoat ki-kò͘ | Gī-hoē |
| Bīn-chek |
| • Lóng-chóng | 71,740 km2 (27,700 sq mi) (tē 117 miâ) |
| • Chúi-he̍k (%) | 1.1 |
| Jîn-kháu |
| • 2015 nî kó͘-kè | 8,059,155 (tē 102 miâ) |
| • Bi̍t-tō͘ | 112/km2 (290.1/sq mi) (tē 114 miâ) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2018 nî kó͘-kè |
| • Lóng-chóng | $12.177 cha̍p-ek |
| • Pêng-kin | $1,608 |
| GDP (bêng-gī) | 2018 nî kó͘-kè |
| • Lóng-chóng | $3.824 cha̍p-ek (tē 155 miâ) |
| • Pêng-kin | $505 |
| Gini (2018 nî) | 35.7 tiong |
| HDI (2019 nî) |  0.452 kē · tē 182 miâ |
| Hoè-pè | Sierra Leone leone (SLL) |
| Sî-khu | UTC  (GMT) |
| Khui-chhia hong-hiòng | iū |
|  tiān-oē khu-hō | +232 |
| ISO 3166 tāi-hō | SL |
| Siōng-téng domain | .sl |

**Sierra Leone Kiōng-hô-kok** (Eng-gí: Republic of Sierra Leone) sī tiàm-tī Se Hui-chiu Tāi-se-iûⁿ hái-hoāⁿ ê kok-ka. Piⁿ--á ê kok-ka ū pak-pêng ê Guinea kap tang-lâm-pêng ê Liberia.
# Ernakulam (koān)

|  |
| --- |
| **Ernakulam** |
| —  **Ìn-tō͘ ê koān**  — |
| Kok-ka
 |  Ìn-tō͘
 |
| Pang
 | Kerala
 |
| Siú-hú | Kakkanad |
| **Bīn-chek** |
|  - Lóng-chóng
  | 2,951 km2 |
| **Jîn-kháu** |
|  - Lóng-chóng | 3,098,378 lâng |
|  - Bi̍t-tō͘ |
1.05/km2 |

**Ernakulam** sī Ìn-tō͘ Kerala pang ê chi̍t ê koān.

 *Che sī chi̍t phiⁿ koan-î Ìn-tō͘ tē-lí ê phí-á-kiáⁿ. Chhiáⁿ tàu khok-chhiong.*
# Ki-khì-lâng

**Ki-khì-lâng** (android/gynoid) sī 1 sian goā-hêng, hêng-ûi lóng chhan-chhiūⁿ lâng ê robot. Ki-khì-lâng kan-taⁿ chûn-chāi tī kho-ha̍k siáu-soat ê sè-kài. Bo̍k-chêng ke̍k-ke ū lâng-hêng (humanoid) ê robot.

Cyborg sī oân-á iú-ki, oân-á ki-hâi ê seng-bu̍t/mi̍h.
# Benares (siâⁿ)

|  |
| --- |
| **{{{official\_name}}} {{{native\_name}}}** |
| Benares ê kéng-sek
 |
| tī Ìn-tō͘ ê ūi-tì |
| Keng-hūi-tō͘: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kok-ka
 |  Ìn-tō͘
 |
| Pang
 | Uttar Pradesh
 |
| Koān
 | Benares
 |
| **Jîn-kháu** |
|  - Lóng-chóng | 1,100,748 lâng |

' sī Ìn-tō͘ Uttar Pradesh pang Benares koān ê chi̍t ê chng-thâu.

## Tē-lí

Tī pún só͘-chāi sì-ûi ê tē-hng ū Azamgarh.

## Liân-kiat

* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām Archived 2013-04-10 at the Wayback Machine.

 *Che sī chi̍t phiⁿ koan-î Ìn-tō͘ tē-lí ê phí-á-kiáⁿ. Chhiáⁿ tàu khok-chhiong.*
# Ali

**Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib** (601 nî 9 goe̍h 15 ji̍t – 661 nî 1 goe̍h 29) sī Islam-kàu sian-ti Muḥammad ê kiáⁿ-sài kiam piáu sió-tī, tùi 656 nî kàu 661 nî kî-kan thóng-tī tong-sî ê Islam tè-kok Rashidun Khalifah-kok.

## Chham-chiàu
# Ko-téng hoat-īⁿ

**Ko-téng hoat-īⁿ** (高等法院) sī tē-ūi pí chòe-ko hoat-īⁿ khah-kē ê chi̍t chióng hoat-īⁿ; thong-siông ióng-iú bû-hān ê su-hoat koán-hat-koân.

## Siong-koan

* Chòe-ko hoat-īⁿ
* Tē-hng hoat-īⁿ
# Patancheru

|  |
| --- |
| **Patancheru {{{native\_name}}}** |
| PatancheruPatancheru tī Ìn-tō͘ ê ūi-tì |
| Keng-hūi-tō͘: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kok-ka
 |  Ìn-tō͘
 |
| Pang
 | Andhra Pradesh
 |
| Koān
 | Medak
 |
| **Jîn-kháu** |
|  - Lóng-chóng | 40,332 lâng |
| Bat-jī-lu̍t | 66% |

**Patancheru** sī Ìn-tō͘ Andhra Pradesh pang Medak koān ê chi̍t ê chng-thâu.

 *Che sī chi̍t phiⁿ koan-î Ìn-tō͘ tē-lí ê phí-á-kiáⁿ. Chhiáⁿ tàu khok-chhiong.*
# IBM

IBM siong-phiau.
**IBM** (ho͘-im: "Ái-bí-ém"), sī **Kok-chè Siong-bū Ki-hâi** (*International Business Machines*) (NYSE: IBM) ê Eng-gí lio̍k-siá, in sī chi̍t keng khoà-kok-sèng ê tiān-náu kong-si, mā-sī choân sè-kài siāng toā ê kho-ki kong-si chi it, chóng-pō͘ tī Bí-kok New York Chiu ê Armonk.

IBM ē-tàng kóng sī sè-kài thâu chi̍t keng chu-sìn ki-su̍t kong-si, in-ê chêng-sin, ia̍h tio̍h sī Herman Hollerith ê sū-gia̍p, tī 19 sè-kí chio̍h teh bē phah-khang khah-phìⁿ (punched card).

## Chham-khó

* Henderson, Harry (2008). "IBM". *Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology (Revised Edition)*. Facts On File.
# Kau-liû-tō

Tī Bí-kok Dallas chhī-tiong-sim ê chi̍t chō 5-chân kau-liû-tō
**Kau-liû-tō** (Hàn: 交流道; Eng: *interchange*, **IC**) sī tī ko-kè tō-lō͘ hām kî-thaⁿ kong-lō͘ kau-chhe ê só͘-chāi, ín-tō chhia-lióng choán-oāⁿ bô-kāng kong-lō͘ ê kau-thong siat-si.
# Dispur

|  |
| --- |
| **Dispur {{{native\_name}}}** |
| DispurDispur tī Ìn-tō͘ ê ūi-tì |
| Keng-hūi-tō͘: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kok-ka
 |  Ìn-tō͘
 |
| Pang
 | Assam
 |
| Koān
 |  |
| **Jîn-kháu** |
|  - Lóng-chóng | 7,225 lâng |

**Dispur** sī Ìn-tō͘ Assam pang koān ê chi̍t ê chng-thâu.

 *Che sī chi̍t phiⁿ koan-î Ìn-tō͘ tē-lí ê phí-á-kiáⁿ. Chhiáⁿ tàu khok-chhiong.*
# Secunderabad

|  |
| --- |
| **Secunderabad {{{native\_name}}}** |
| Secunderabad ê kéng-sek
 |
| SecunderabadSecunderabad tī Ìn-tō͘ ê ūi-tì |
| Keng-hūi-tō͘: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kok-ka
 |  Ìn-tō͘
 |
| Pang
 | Andhra Pradesh
 |
| Koān
 | Hyderabad
 |
| **Jîn-kháu** |
|  - Lóng-chóng | 204,182 lâng |
| Bat-jī-lu̍t | 73% |

**Secunderabad** sī Ìn-tō͘ Andhra Pradesh pang Hyderabad koān ê chi̍t ê chng-thâu.

 *Che sī chi̍t phiⁿ koan-î Ìn-tō͘ tē-lí ê phí-á-kiáⁿ. Chhiáⁿ tàu khok-chhiong.*
# Ghatkeser

|  |
| --- |
| **Ghatkeser {{{native\_name}}}** |
| GhatkeserGhatkeser tī Ìn-tō͘ ê ūi-tì |
| Keng-hūi-tō͘: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kok-ka
 |  Ìn-tō͘
 |
| Pang
 | Andhra Pradesh
 |
| Koān
 | Rangareddi
 |
| **Jîn-kháu** |
|  - Lóng-chóng | 17,200 lâng |
| Bat-jī-lu̍t | 68% |

**Ghatkeser** sī Ìn-tō͘ Andhra Pradesh pang Rangareddi koān ê chi̍t ê chng-thâu.

 *Che sī chi̍t phiⁿ koan-î Ìn-tō͘ tē-lí ê phí-á-kiáⁿ. Chhiáⁿ tàu khok-chhiong.*
# Pretoria

|  |
| --- |
| **Pretoria** |
|  |
| Pretoria/Tshwane tī Gauteng Séng ê ūi-tì |
| Keng-hūi-tō͘: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kok-ka
  | Lâm-hui-kok
 |
| Séng
 | Gauteng
 |
| Khí-chō | 1855 |
| **Bīn-chek** |
|  - Lóng-chóng
  | 1,644 km2 |
| **Jîn-kháu** (2007) |
|  - Lóng-chóng | 2,345,908 lâng |
|  - Bi̍t-tō͘ |
856/km2 |
| Sî-khu | SAST (UTC+2)
  |

**Pretoria** sī Lâm-hui-kok ê hêng-chèng síu-to͘. Tiàm tī Gauteng Séng pak-pō͘.

## Siang-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ

* Pretoria Tāi-ha̍k‎
# Ìn-soat

**Ìn-soat** sī têng-hok chè-chō bûn-su kap tô͘-oē ê ki-su̍t, thoân-thóng siōng sī lī-iōng ìn-soat-ki kā ba̍k-chúi ìn tī choá téng-bīn.

Le̍k-sú siōng só͘ chai siāng chá ê bo̍k-pán ìn-soat sī hoat-seng tī Tiong-kok Hàn-tiâu, āu-lâi koh tī Sòng-tiâu hoat-tián chhut Pit Seng ê oa̍h-pán ìn-soat. Chóng-sī hiān-tāi ìn-soat chú-iàu sī tùi 15 sè-kí Johannes Gutenberg ê ki-su̍t hoat-tián chhut--lâi.

## Siong-koan

* Iáⁿ-ìn
# ISO 8601

**ISO 8601**, goân-chéng tê-bo̍k "Chu-liāu goân-sò͘ kap kau-ōaⁿ keh-sek – Chu-sìn kau-ōaⁿ – Ji̍t-chí kap sî-kan ê piáu-hiān" (*Data elements and interchange formats – Information interchange – Representation of dates and times*), sī ūi kau-thong sî-ji̍t chu-liāu siat-kè ê chi̍t thò ISO kok-chè piau-chún, siāng chá sī 1988 nî hoat-piáu--ê.

Chi̍t kóa ki-pún ê goân-chek pau-koat ū ji̍t-chí kap sî-kan ài chiàu tan-ūi tōa-sió pâi-lia̍t: nî, goe̍h (he̍k-chiá lé-pài), ji̍t, sî (tiám-cheng), hun, bió, kap bió ê chhiat-hūn. Koh-ū tī jī-tián lūi bûn-su lāi-bīn sî-kan ài-chiàu hoat-seng chiân-āu pâi-lia̍t, tû-hui sī sú-iōng hù-sò͘ nî-hūn ê ji̍t-chí. Che hong-piān chhiūⁿ tóng-àn hē-thóng ê lī-ēng. Lēng-gōa Ji̍t-chí kap sî-kan ê sò͘-ta̍t sī ēng kò͘-tēng sò͘-jī ê sò͘-bo̍k lâi kì siá, só͘-í ē chhut-hiān chhōa-thâu ê lêng. Chia sî-ji̍t piáu-hiān hong-sek sī ēng siāng chió liōng ê hūn-tōaⁿ hû-hō, sán-seng pí-lūn "2016-10-28" ê kì-siá.
# Mazda

**Mazda Tu-sek Hōe-siā** (マツダ株式会社) sī Ji̍t-pún ê chū-tōng-chhia kong-si.

## Hō-miâ

Pún kong-si goân-lâi sī 1920 nî chhòng-li̍p ê **Tang-iûⁿ Ko͘-lú-kuh Kang-gia̍p Tu-sek Hōe-siā** (東洋コルク工業株式会社), tong-sî sī teh seng-sán ko͘-lú-kuh (chhiū-phôe liāu). 1927 nî koh kái hō **Tang-iûⁿ Kang-gia̍p Tu-sek Hōe-siā** (東洋工業株式会社). 1984 nî chiah sin hō hiān-chāi ê hō-miâ.

*Mazda* chit-ê miâ, sī ēng goân chhòng-gia̍p-chiá Matuda Zyûzirô (松田重次郎) ê sèⁿ, kiam chham-khó Zoroaster-kàu sîn-bêng Ahura Mazdā ê miâ siat-kè--chhut-lâi-ê.
# Fediverse

**Fediverse** sī chi̍t khoán liân-pang chè-tō͘, bô tiong-sim-hòa--ê siā-kûn bāng-chām ê chu-sìn liân-lo̍k-bāng. Tāi-phiau--ê hia̍p-tēng ū OStatus, ActivityPub téng. Chi-oân--ê pêⁿ-tâi ū: SNS--ê Mastodon kap Pleroma, bāng-lō͘ lūn-toâⁿ--ê Lemmy, hun-hióng iáⁿ-phìⁿ--ê PeerTube téng.
# Domain Name System

DNS
**Domain Name System**, kán-chheng **DNS**, mā thang hoan-e̍k chò **Domain miâ hē-thóng**, sī Internet ê chi̍t ê ho̍k-bū (service), sī chi̍t ê chong domain miâ kap IP tē-chí hō͘-siong siá-siōng (写像) ê hun-soàⁿ database. Iōng DNS ū-hoat-tō͘ hong-piān ê chiūⁿ-bāng. DNS iōng kàu TCP kap UDP ê port 53.
# Ludwig van Beethoven

Karl Stieler oē--ê **Beethoven** (1820)
**Ludwig van Beethoven** (Kok-chè Im-phiau: [ˈbeː.to.vən]; 1770 nî 12 goe̍h 17 sé-lé – 1827 nî 3 goe̍h 26) sī Tek-kok ê chok-khek-ka kiam kǹg-khîm-ka. I sī Au-chiu gē-su̍t im-ga̍k ùi Kó͘-tián sî-kî ián-piàn kàu Lô-bān sî-kî ê 1 ê koan-kiān jîn-bu̍t. I ê miâ-siaⁿ kap châi-chêng tùi āu--lâi ê chok-khek-ka, im-ga̍k-ka, thiaⁿ-chiòng ū chin toā ê khé-sī; ta̍h i ê kha-pō͘ ê chok-khek-ka chē-chē lia̍h i chò pí-phēng ê bo̍k-piau.

Beethoven tī Tek-kok Bonn chhut-sì, 20 hoè chhut-thâu poaⁿ khì Tang-kok Wien, tiàm hia toè Joseph Haydn o̍h gē, chiâⁿ kín tō kiàn-li̍p kǹg-khîm tāi-su ê hó miâ-siaⁿ. Beh 30 hoè ê sî, put-hēng khai-sí chhàu-hīⁿ; che pìⁿ-chiâⁿ i kui-sì-lâng tio̍h bīn-tùi ê khùn-jiáu. Chóng--sī i soà-chiap chhòng-chok phín-chit koân ê tāi-chok.

Beethoven thang kóng sī siōng chá kā ka-kī tòng-chò chū-iû gē-su̍t-ka ê chok-khek-ka. I bô chhiūⁿ chá-chêng ê chok-khek-ka kā ka-kī tēng-ūi sī chè-chō im-ga̍k sán-phín ê sai-hū. I pān im-ga̍k-hoē, bē chok-phín hō͘ chhut-pán-siā, tit tio̍h kúi-ā-ê kim-chú chàn-chō͘, chóng--sī bô chhiūⁿ chiân-poè chiong-sin hō͘ Kàu-hoē ia̍h hoâ-cho̍k chhiàⁿ.

## Chhut-sin

Beethoven ê a-kong sī Ludwig van Beethoven, Brabant Kong-kok Mechelen siâⁿ ê im-ga̍k-ka.

Beethoven tī Bonn chhut-sì, chóng-sī bô khak-tēng ê seⁿ-ji̍t kì-lio̍k. I 1770 nî 12 goe̍h 17 ji̍t siū Thian-chú-kàu sé-lé.

## Chú-iàu chok-phín

* Tē-9-hō Kau-hiáng-khek (Beethoven)
# Bisalpur

|  |
| --- |
| **Bisalpur {{{native\_name}}}** |
| BisalpurBisalpur tī Ìn-tō͘ ê ūi-tì |
| Keng-hūi-tō͘: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kok-ka
 |  Ìn-tō͘
 |
| Pang
 | Uttar Pradesh
 |
| Koān
 | Pilibhit
 |
| **Jîn-kháu** |
|  - Lóng-chóng | 6,068 lâng |
| Bat-jī-lu̍t | 47% |

**Bisalpur** sī Ìn-tō͘ Uttar Pradesh pang Pilibhit koān ê chi̍t ê chng-thâu.

 *Che sī chi̍t phiⁿ koan-î Ìn-tō͘ tē-lí ê phí-á-kiáⁿ. Chhiáⁿ tàu khok-chhiong.*
# Moradabad (siâⁿ)

|  |
| --- |
| **Moradabad {{{native\_name}}}** |
| Moradabad ê kéng-sek
 |
| MoradabadMoradabad tī Ìn-tō͘ ê ūi-tì |
| Keng-hūi-tō͘: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kok-ka
 |  Ìn-tō͘
 |
| Pang
 | Uttar Pradesh
 |
| Koān
 | Moradabad
 |
| **Jîn-kháu** |
|  - Lóng-chóng | 64,124 lâng |

**Moradabad** sī Ìn-tō͘ Uttar Pradesh pang Moradabad koān ê chi̍t ê chng-thâu.

 *Che sī chi̍t phiⁿ koan-î Ìn-tō͘ tē-lí ê phí-á-kiáⁿ. Chhiáⁿ tàu khok-chhiong.*
# Tē-saⁿ-chhù sán-gia̍p

**Tē-saⁿ-chhù sán-gia̍p** (第三次產業) sī bô seng-sán bu̍t-chit sán-phín ê sán-gia̍p, chú-iàu sī thàu-kòe thê-kiong seng-sán-le̍k lâi ti̍t-tio̍h pò-siû ê hâng-gia̍p, it-poaⁿ sī ho̍k-bū sèng-chit ê khang-khòe, só͘-í sio̍k-chheng chò **ho̍k-bū-gia̍p** (服務業). Kui-sio̍k chāi ho̍k-bū-gia̍p lāi ê hâng-gia̍p chú-iàu ū bō͘-e̍k, pn̄g-tiàm chhan-ím, tāi-chiòng kheh-ūn, chhng-thú bu̍t-liû, hōe-gī tián-lám, kim-iông pó-hiám, pâng-tē-sán tiong-lâng, siong-bū kò͘-būn, kong-kiōng ho̍k-bū, bîn-hông, kò-jîn-hoà ho̍k-bū, siā-khu ho̍k-bū, siā-hōe kang-chok kap tiān-sìn thong-sìn sán-gia̍p téng-téng. Kî-tiong, tiān-sìn thong-sìn sán-gia̍p in-ūi hoat-tián liáu chin toā-hêng, só͘-í mā ū-tang-sî to̍k-li̍p chò tē-sì-chhù sán-gia̍p; ah bûn-hoà sán-gia̍p in-ūi in ko-chân-chhù ê bûn-hoà ì-gī pī kui-lūi chò tē-gō͘-chhù sán-gia̍p.

## Siong-koan

* Sán-gia̍p
* Tē-it-chhù sán-gia̍p
* Tē-jī-chhù sán-gia̍p
* Tē-sì-chhù sán-gia̍p
* Tē-gō͘-chhù sán-gia̍p
# Saharanpur (siâⁿ)

|  |
| --- |
| **Saharanpur {{{native\_name}}}** |
| Saharanpur ê kéng-sek
 |
| SaharanpurSaharanpur tī Ìn-tō͘ ê ūi-tì |
| Keng-hūi-tō͘: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kok-ka
 |  Ìn-tō͘
 |
| Pang
 | Uttar Pradesh
 |
| Koān
 | Saharanpur
 |
| **Jîn-kháu** |
|  - Lóng-chóng | 452,925 lâng |
| Bat-jī-lu̍t | 64% |

**Saharanpur** sī Ìn-tō͘ Uttar Pradesh pang Saharanpur koān ê chi̍t ê chng-thâu.

## Liân-kiat

* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām

 *Che sī chi̍t phiⁿ koan-î Ìn-tō͘ tē-lí ê phí-á-kiáⁿ. Chhiáⁿ tàu khok-chhiong.*
# Koan-tê

**Koan-tê** (捐題, Eng-gí: *donation*) iah-sī **koan-iân** (捐緣), **kì-hù** (kià-hù, Ji̍t-gí: 寄付 *Kihu*), **koan-chō͘**, sī kā kā-tī ū--ê mi̍h, kim-gîn, châi-sán, he̍k-chiá sī khì-koan sàng (iân) hō͘ pa̍t-lâng iah-sī pa̍t--ê thoân-thé chò kong-kiōng chû-siān--ê tāi-chì. Khǹg lâng koan-iân--ê hêng-ûi kiò tê-iân, iân-tê iah-sī bō͘-koan.
# Chū-tōng

Ki-hâi hun-iá leh kóng ê **chū-tōng**, siōng-bô ū nn̄g khoán ì-sù, chi̍t khoán sī tōng-le̍k lâi-goân chng tī pún-sin ê ki-hâi, pí-lūn chū-tōng-chhia; koh chi̍t khoán sī tōng-chok bô su-iàu óa-khò lâng chiàu pō͘-sò͘ khì chhiâu ê ki-hâi, pí-lūn chū-tōng-mn̂g.

## Koan-liân

* Chū-tōng-hòa
# Bu̍t-kiāⁿ tō-hiòng thêng-sek siat-kè

**Bu̍t-kiāⁿ tō-hiòng têng-sek siat-kè** (物件導向程式設計) iah-sī **bīn-hiòng tùi-siōng pian-têng** (Eng-gí: *object-oriented programming, OOP*), tiō sī kheng-hiòng iōng bu̍t-kiāⁿ (mi̍h-kiaⁿ, tùi-siōng)--ê khài-liām lâi siá--ê têng-sek siat-kè-hoat (*programming paradigm*). Iōng che, lán-lâng thang kā ta̍k khoán tāi-chì iah-sī bu̍t-phín iōng "bu̍t-kiāⁿ"--ê kài-liām lâi bô͘-gí (thiu-siōng-hòa, abstraction). Bu̍t-kiāⁿ ū i kā-ki--ê sio̍k-sèng (*attribution*) piàn-sò͘, mā thang iōng i ka-kī--ê hong-hoat (*method*, chi̍t-chióng têng-sū), chiap-siu kî-tha--ê bu̍t-kiāⁿ, kap hőng thoân kap kî-tha--ê hâm-sò͘ iah-sī hong-hoat.

## Lūi-pia̍t, sio̍k-sèng kap hong-hoat

Bu̍t-kiaⁿ thang hun-chò kúi-ê lūi-pia̍t (*class*), chi̍t-ê lūi-pia̍t ū i--ê sio̍k-sèng kap hong-hoat. Lē (iōng Python 3):

```
# tēng-gī lūi-pia̍t "Káu"
class Káu:
    def __init__(self, name, length):
        '''Kiàn-li̍p "Káu" lūi-hêng lāi-té--ê bu̍t-kiāⁿ--ê sî pháng--ê hong-hoat'''
        '''Ē-kha sī sio̍k-sèng'''
        self.name = name #miâ
        self.length = length

    def pùi(self, string):
        '''"pùi" sī chi̍t-khoán hong-hoat'''
        print("%s, áu!" % string)

lâi_hù = Káu("Lâi-hù", 80) # tēng-gī lâi_hù sī káu

# ìn lâi_hù--ê sio̍k-sèng (miâ, tiō sī "Lâi-hù")
print(lâi_hù.name)

# sú-iōng hong-hoat "pùi", ìn-chhut "Góa sī chi̍t chiah káu, áu!"
lâi_hù.pùi("Góa sī chi̍t chiah káu")

```

## Kè-sêng (inheritance)

Chi̍t-ê lūi thang sī pa̍t--ê lūi--ê "kiáⁿ-lūi", kè-sêng goân-iú--ê (pō͘-hūn) sio̍k-sèng kap hong-hoat, ē-tàng hō͘ kiáⁿ-lūi lâi sú-iōng.

## To-hêng (polymorphism)

Mā hō-chò "to-thài (多態)", bô-kâng--ê lūi-pia̍t thang ū kâng-khoán--ê hong-hoat, tio̍h sī khoán to-hêng (多型)--ê lē.

## Chi-oān ê têng-sek gí-giân ê lē

* C++
* Python
* Java
# Tē-it-chhù sán-gia̍p

Lông-gia̍p seng-sán ki-hâi
**Tē-it-chhù sán-gia̍p** (第一次產業) sī ti̍t-chiap ùi chū-jiân-kài he̍k-chhú sán-phín ê sán-gia̍p, pau-hâm lông-gia̍p, khòng-gia̍p, iâm-gia̍p kap lîm-gia̍p téng-téng. Chá-kî ê keng-chè oa̍h-tāng toā-poàⁿ sī tē-it-chhù sán-gia̍p, tòe-tio̍h keng-chè ê hoat-tián, bo̍k-chiân í-keng sī í tē-jī-chhù kap tē-saⁿ-chhù sán-gia̍p ûi-chú.

## Siong-koan

* Sán-gia̍p
* Tē-jī-chhù sán-gia̍p
* Tē-saⁿ-chhù sán-gia̍p
* Tē-sì-chhù sán-gia̍p
* Tē-gō͘-chhù sán-gia̍p
# Chhan-thiaⁿ

Washington, D.C. (Bí-kok) ê Via Sophia chhan-thiaⁿ ê chia̍h-pn̄g-thiaⁿ
**Chhan-thiaⁿ** sī chi̍t khoán chún-pī chia̍h-mi̍h kah ím-liāu, thê-kiong hō͘ lâng-kheh ê ki-kò͘. It-poaⁿ lâi kóng, lâng-kheh ē tī chhan-thiaⁿ lāi-té chia̍h pn̄g-tǹg; mā sī ū chin chē chhan-thiaⁿ ē thê-kiong cha̍h-cháu a̍h-sī chia̍h-mi̍h gōa-sàng ê ho̍k-bū.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
# Hastinapur

|  |
| --- |
| **Hastinapur {{{native\_name}}}** |
| Hastinapur ê kéng-sek
 |
| HastinapurHastinapur tī Ìn-tō͘ ê ūi-tì |
| Keng-hūi-tō͘: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kok-ka
 |  Ìn-tō͘
 |
| Pang
 | Uttar Pradesh
 |
| Koān
 | Meerut
 |
| **Jîn-kháu** |
|  - Lóng-chóng | 21,248 lâng |
| Bat-jī-lu̍t | 58% |

**Hastinapur** sī Ìn-tō͘ Uttar Pradesh pang Meerut koān ê chi̍t ê chng-thâu.

 *Che sī chi̍t phiⁿ koan-î Ìn-tō͘ tē-lí ê phí-á-kiáⁿ. Chhiáⁿ tàu khok-chhiong.*
# Bagpat (siâⁿ)

|  |
| --- |
| **Bagpat {{{native\_name}}}** |
| BagpatBagpat tī Ìn-tō͘ ê ūi-tì |
| Keng-hūi-tō͘: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kok-ka
 |  Ìn-tō͘
 |
| Pang
 | Uttar Pradesh
 |
| Koān
 | Bagpat
 |
| **Jîn-kháu** |
|  - Lóng-chóng | 36,365 lâng |
| Bat-jī-lu̍t | 46% |

**Bagpat** sī Ìn-tō͘ Uttar Pradesh pang Bagpat koān ê chi̍t ê chng-thâu.

 *Che sī chi̍t phiⁿ koan-î Ìn-tō͘ tē-lí ê phí-á-kiáⁿ. Chhiáⁿ tàu khok-chhiong.*
# Ìn-tō͘ Jîn-bîn Tóng

**Ìn-tō͘ Jîn-bîn Tóng** (Eng-gí: *Bharatiya Janata Party*), kán-siá **BJP**, sī Ìn-tō͘ ê chú-iàu chèng-tóng, 1980 nî chhòng-li̍p, sī Kok-ka Bîn-chú Liân-bêng ê léng-tō-chiá, chú-tiuⁿ chū-iû chhī-tiûⁿ, chú-iàu ê chi-chhî-chiá sī Ìn-tō͘-kàu-tô͘.
# Bandra

|  |
| --- |
| **Nadra {{{native\_name}}}** |
| Bandra ê kéng-sek
 |
| NadraNadra tī Ìn-tō͘ ê ūi-tì |
| Keng-hūi-tō͘: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kok-ka
 |  Ìn-tō͘
 |
| Pang
 | Maharashtra
 |
| Koān
 | Bombay Suburbaan
  |
| **Jîn-kháu** |
|  - Lóng-chóng | 322,728 lâng |

**Nadra** sī Ìn-tō͘ Maharashtra pang Bombay Suburbaan koān ê chi̍t ê chng-thâu.

 *Che sī chi̍t phiⁿ koan-î Ìn-tō͘ tē-lí ê phí-á-kiáⁿ. Chhiáⁿ tàu khok-chhiong.*
# Akola (koān)

|  |
| --- |
| **Akola** |
| —  **Ìn-tō͘ ê koān**  — |
| Akola ê hêng-chèng hoān-ûi ê uī-tìAkola ê hêng-chèng hoān-ûi |
| Kok-ka
 |  Ìn-tō͘
 |
| Pang
 | Maharashtra
 |
| Siú-hú | Akola |
| **Bīn-chek** |
|  - Lóng-chóng
  | 5,429 km2 |
| **Jîn-kháu** |
|  - Lóng-chóng | 1,629,305 lâng |
|  - Bi̍t-tō͘ |
300/km2 |

**Akola** sī Ìn-tō͘ Maharashtra pang ê chi̍t ê koān.

 *Che sī chi̍t phiⁿ koan-î Ìn-tō͘ tē-lí ê phí-á-kiáⁿ. Chhiáⁿ tàu khok-chhiong.*
# Thane (siâⁿ)

|  |
| --- |
| **{{{official\_name}}} {{{native\_name}}}** |
| Thane ê kéng-sek
 |
| tī Ìn-tō͘ ê ūi-tì |
| Keng-hūi-tō͘: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kok-ka
 |  Ìn-tō͘
 |
| Pang
 | Maharashtra
 |
| Koān
 | Thane
 |
| **Jîn-kháu** |
|  - Lóng-chóng | 1,261,517 lâng |

' sī Ìn-tō͘ Maharashtra pang Thane koān ê chi̍t ê chng-thâu.

## Liân-kiat

* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām Archived 2019-05-28 at the Wayback Machine.

 *Che sī chi̍t phiⁿ koan-î Ìn-tō͘ tē-lí ê phí-á-kiáⁿ. Chhiáⁿ tàu khok-chhiong.*
# Bo̍k-sìn-guh

Phah-bo̍k-sèng
**Bo̍k-sìn-guh** (Eng-gí: *boxing*), ia̍h sī kóng **phah-bo̍k-sèng**, sī 1 chióng Se-iûⁿ ê thé-io̍k ūn-tōng, mā sī bú-su̍t ê 1 chióng. Tùi-phah ê 2 ê lâng thé-tāng ài sio-siâng. In iōng in ê kun-thâu-bú sio-cheng kúi-ā-hoê (rounds), ta̍k hoê 1~3 hun-cheng. Tī Olympia kap chit-gia̍p ê pí-sài, bo̍k-phiau sī beh oân-nā siám tùi-chhiú ê kûn-thâu, oân-nā chhoē khang cheng--koè-khì. Chhâi-phoàⁿ-koaⁿ kin-kù cheng--tio̍h ê sin-khu pō͘-ūi hā hun-sò͘. Ha̍p-hoat ê ūi-á sī thâu-chêng-bīn ê sin-chiūⁿ; thâu, heng-khám, pak-tó͘ te̍k-pia̍t koân hun. It-tēng ê hoê-chhù liáu-āu, khah chē hun hit-pêng sǹg iâⁿ. Nā-chún tùi-chhiú lo̍h-tē koh tī chhâi-phoàⁿ sǹg kàu 10 ê sî-kan lāi bē-hù peh--khí-lâi, tō hō chò Knockout (KO), pí-sài thê-chá siu-soah; iáu khiā--teh ê soán-chhiú sǹg iâⁿ. Tio̍h-siong siuⁿ siong-tiōng ê chêng-hêng (hō chò Technical Knockout (TKO)), mā sī kāng-khoán kiat-kó.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
# Panaji

|  |
| --- |
| **Panaji {{{native\_name}}}** |
| Panaji ê kéng-sek
 |
| PanajiPanaji tī Ìn-tō͘ ê ūi-tì |
| Keng-hūi-tō͘: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kok-ka
 |  Ìn-tō͘
 |
| Pang
 | Goa
 |
| Koān
 | Noord-Goa
 |
| **Jîn-kháu** |
|  - Lóng-chóng | 58,785 lâng |
| Bat-jī-lu̍t | 81% |

**Panaji** sī Ìn-tō͘ Goa pang Noord-Goa koān ê chi̍t ê siâⁿ-chhī.

## Liân-kiat

* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām

 *Che sī chi̍t phiⁿ koan-î Ìn-tō͘ tē-lí ê phí-á-kiáⁿ. Chhiáⁿ tàu khok-chhiong.*
# Trivandrum (siâⁿ)

|  |
| --- |
| **Thiruvananthapuram {{{native\_name}}}** |
| Trivandrum ê kéng-sek
 |
| ThiruvananthapuramThiruvananthapuram tī Ìn-tō͘ ê ūi-tì |
| Keng-hūi-tō͘: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kok-ka
 |  Ìn-tō͘
 |
| Pang
 | Kerala
 |
| Koān
 | Trivandrum
 |
| **Jîn-kháu** |
|  - Lóng-chóng | 744,739 lâng |

**Thiruvananthapuram** sī Ìn-tō͘ Kerala pang Trivandrum koān ê chi̍t ê chng-thâu.

## Liân-kiat

* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām Archived 2019-08-15 at the Wayback Machine.

 *Che sī chi̍t phiⁿ koan-î Ìn-tō͘ tē-lí ê phí-á-kiáⁿ. Chhiáⁿ tàu khok-chhiong.*
# Mahatma Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi, 1944 nî
**Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi** (Gujarat-gí: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી, Hindi-gí: मोहनदास करमचंद गांधी, IAST: *mohandās karamcand gāndhī*, IPA: mohənd̪as kərəmtʃənd̪ gand̪ʱi) (1869 nî 10 goe̍h 2 ji̍t – 1948 nî 1 goe̍h 30 ji̍t) , Tâi-gí im-e̍k **Gân-tì**, sī Ìn-tō͘ to̍k-li̍p ūn-tōng tiōng-iàu ê chèng-tī kiam cheng-sîn léng-siū. Tī Ìn-tō͘ lâng chun-kèng i sī Kok-hū; i ê seⁿ-ji̍t (10 goe̍h 2 ji̍t) sī kok-ka kà-ji̍t. I chú-tiuⁿ *Satyagraha*: iōng toā-hêng ê kong-bîn bô-ài ho̍k-chiông (civil disobedience) ê chit-khoán hui-po̍k-le̍k hoat-tō͘ lâi hoán-khòng po̍k-chèng, āu--lâi tùi sè-kài ê bîn-koân, chū-iû ūn-tōng toà lâi khé-sī.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu