# Louisiana

| Louisiana Chiu State of Louisiana *État de Louisiane*  (Hoat-gí) |
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| Chiu-kî | Chiu-chiong |

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| Chhiok-hō: Bayou State • Child of the Mississippi Creole State • Pelican State (official) Sportsman's Paradise • Sugar State • The Boot |
| Piau-gí: Union, Justice, Confidence |
| Map of the United States with Louisiana highlighted |
| Koan-hong gí-giân | Bô koan-hong gí-giân |
| Liû-thong gí-giân | 2007 nî ûi-chí* Eng-gí 86.0%
* Hoat-gí 8%
* Se-pan-gâ-gí 4.0%
* Oa̍t-lâm-gí 1.8%
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| Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘ | Louisianian |
| Siú-hú | Baton Rouge |
| Siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī | New Orleans |
| Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe | Tōa New Orleans |
| Bīn-chek | Pâi-miâ tē-31  |
|  • Ha̍p-kè | 50,000 sq mi (135,382 km2) |
|  • Tang-sai khoah | 130 mí (210 km) |
|  • Lâm-pak khoah | 379 mí (610 km) |
|  • % chúi-bīn | 15 |
|  • Hūi-tō͘ | 28° 56′ N to 33° 01′ N |
|  • Keng-tō͘ | 88° 49′ W to 94° 03′ W |
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| Jîn-kháu | Pâi-miâ 25th  |
|  • Ha̍p-kè | 4,681,666 (2015 nî ko͘) |
|  • Bi̍t-tō͘ | 93.6/sq mi  (34.6/km2) Pâi-miâ tē-24 |
|  • Hō͘-kháu siu-ji̍p tiong-ta̍t | $45,992 (45th) |
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| Koân-tō͘ |  |
|  • Ko-tiám | Driskill Mountain 535 ft (163 m) |
|  • Pêng-kin | 100 ft  (30 m) |
|  • Kē-tiám | New Orleans −8 ft (−2.5 m) |
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| Siat chiu chìn-chêng | Orleans Léng-thó͘ |
| Sin chiu seng-li̍p | 1812 nî 4 goe̍h 30 ji̍t (tē-18) |
| Chiu-tiúⁿ | John Bel Edwards (D) |
| Hù-chiu-tiúⁿ | Billy Nungesser (R) |
| Li̍p-hoat | Chiu Li̍p-hoat-hōe  |
|  • Siōng-gī-īⁿ | Chham-gī-īⁿ |
|  • Hā-gī-īⁿ | Chiòng-gī-īⁿ |
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| Liân-pang Chham-gī-goân | John Neely Kennedy (R) Bill Cassidy (R) |
| Liân-pang Chiòng-gī-goân | 5-ê Kiōng-hô-tóng, 1-ê Bîn-chú-tóng (lia̍t-toaⁿ) |
| Sî-khu  | Central: UTC −6/−5 |
| ISO 3166 | US-LA |
| Kán-siá | LA, La. |
| Bāng-chām | louisiana.gov |

**Louisiana** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu. Siú-hú sī Baton Rouge, siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī sī New Orleans.

## Hō-miâ

*Louisiana* sī tùi Hoat-kok kok-ông Louis 14-sè hō--lâi-ê. Chi̍t khai-sí chú-tiūⁿ Mississippi Hô tē-khu léng-thó͘ ê René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, sī hō *La Louisiane*.

## Tē-lí

Louisiana ê sai-pêng sī Texas, pak-pêng sī Arkansas, tang-pêng sī Mississippi, lâm-pêng óa tī Be̍k-se-ko Oan

Chhiong-chek tē-he̍k, pau-koat kē làm-tē, hái-kîⁿ tâm-tē kap hái-sòaⁿ, chiàm kui chiu 52,000 pêng-hong kong-lí ê thó͘-tē, in tōa-hūn lóng sī óa tī Be̍k-se-ko Oan kap Mississippi Hô iân-hōaⁿ. Mississippi Hô sī tùi pún chiu pak-pō͘ hiòng lâm, keng-kòe beh 1000 kong-lí tn̂g liáu-āu lâu ji̍p Be̍k-se-ko Oan, chú-iàu ê hun-chi ū Red Hô kap Ouachita Hô.

## Le̍k-sú

Louisiana goân-lâi sī Bí-kok goân-chū-bîn khiā-khí ê só͘-chāi. Khó-kó͘-ha̍k siōng ùi kin-á-ji̍t Monroe siâⁿ hū-kīn ê Watson Brake tē-tiám, ū hoat-kiàn 5400 tang chêng chó-iū só͘ khí ê chi̍t-kóa thô͘-tun (*mound*) kiàn-chō-bu̍t. Khah òaⁿ, koh ū ùi Poverty Point tē-tiám hông hoat-kiàn ê kong-goân-chêng 1500 nî chó-iū ê bûn-hòa, in ū khó-lêng sī Pak Bí-chiu siāng chá ê pō͘-lo̍k bûn-hòa, chûn-chāi kàu chêng 700 nî chó-ōiū.

Tāi-seng lâi kàu Louisiana ê Au-chiu lâng sī 1528 nî Se-pan-gâ Panfilo de Narváez niá-chhōa ê thàm-hiám-chiá, in tong sî khì káu Mississippi Hô chhut-kháu ê só͘-chāi. 17 sè-kí āu-kî, Hoat-kok kap Hoat-kok-hē Ka-ná-tah-lâng ê thàm-chhâ, kiàn-li̍p khí in tī Mississippi Hô kap Be̍k-sek-ko Oan hái-hōaⁿ oa̍h-tāng ê ki-chhó͘. Té-bé Hoat-kok chú-tiuⁿ tùi Be̍k-sek-ko Oan kàu Ka-ná-tah chi kan ê tōa hūn thó͘-tē.

1682 nî Hoat-kok ê Robert Cavelier de La Salle hō-miâ Louisiana tē-hng lâi kèng-hōng kok-ông Louis 14-sè. 1699 nî, tùi Ka-ná-tah kòe--lâi ê Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, kiàn-li̍p khí thâu chi̍t chō Hoat-kok-lâng ê éng-kiú chng-siā Fort Maurepas, in lēng-gōa koh tī Mississippi hái-kháu khí sió-hêng iàu-sài La Balise.

1722 nî, Hoat-kok kā Illinois Kok (*Pays des Illinois*) ê chèng-hú tùi Ka-ná-tah sóa kòe Louisiana. Tong-sî kóng ê Louisiana tē-khu, pau-koat liáu Tōa-ô͘ tē-khu í-lâm, Rocky Soaⁿ-tē kap Allegheny Soaⁿ-tē chi kan ê thó͘-tē. 1745 nî ê sî, Louisiana ê kài-sòaⁿ koh chìn chi̍t pō͘ hông khak-tēng.

Tiong-ng chián-sek pō͘-hūn sī Louisiana Siu-bé ê ê hoān-ûi.
1803 nî, Bí-kok keng-kòe Louisiana Siu-bé, chiong 2,100,000 pêng-hong kong-lí ê thó͘-tē bé-siu, só͘-hùi sī 6 chheng-bān franc. Chia-ê chîⁿ lāi-bīn ū 3.5 pah-bān sī sǹg lâi hêng Bí-kok khiàm Hoat-kok ê siàu.

1860 nî sî-chūn, Louisiana chiu lāi ū 18,647 ê chū-iû o͘-lâng, sī Bí-kok kok chiu lāi-bīn siāng chē--ê. Tông-sî in tī sán-gia̍p siōng óa-ná koh chin i-lōa o͘-lâng lô͘-lē, ū 331,726 ê lō͘-lê jîn-kháu, chiàm tong-sî chiu lāi chóng jîn-kháu 708,002 ê 47%. Kap kî-tha lâm-hong chiu hūn chò-chóe, Louisiana tī 1861 nî 1 goe̍h 26 thoat-lî liân-pang, ka-ji̍p America Liân-bêng-kok. Liân-pang-kun ê chiàn-lio̍k to̍h sī bé chiàm Mississippi Hô, chō-sêng Louisiana kòe bô lōa kú chiō hông phah-pāi, liân-pang-kun tī 1862 nî 4 goe̍h 25 chiàm-niá New Orleans siâⁿ.

2005 nî 8 goe̍h, New Orleans téng chiu lāi ó Be̍k-se-ko Oan ê kē-tē, siū tio̍h Hong-hai Katrina giâm-tiōng ê sún-hāi.

## Keng-chè

Louisiana tī 2015 nî ê GDP sī 239,305 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng chò ê sán-gia̍p sī kiān-khong chiàu-kò͘ kap siā-hōe hû-chō͘ (*health care and social assistance*).

Louisiana chú-iàu ê lông-sán chi it sī hái-sán, in sī thong sè-kài siāng tōa ê tām-chúi lêng-hê (*crawfish*) ê sán-tē, chiàm 90% ê sán-liōng. Kî-tha ê lông-sán koh ū mî-hoe, n̂g-tāu, gû, kam-chià, leng-chè-phín kap tiū-bí. Kang-gia̍p ê hong-bīn ū seng-sán hòa-ha̍k chè-phín, chio̍h-iû kap mûi-thoàⁿ chè-phín, si̍t-phín ka-kang, ūn-su chong-pī, chè-chóa téng khoán. Koan-kong-gia̍p mā sī chāi-tē keng-chè tiōng-iàu ê pō͘-hūn, iû-kî sī tùi New Orleans tē-hng lâi kóng.

## Chham-khó