# Idaho

| Idaho Chiu State of Idaho |
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| --- | --- |
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| Chiu-kû | Chiu-chiong |

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| Chhiok-hō: Gem State |
| Piau-gí: Esto perpetua (Latin ì-gī: "Hō͘ i thoân éng-sè") |
| Map of the United States with Idaho highlighted |
| Koan-hong gí-giân | Eng-gí |
| Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘ | Idahoan |
| Siú-hú (kiam siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī) | Boise |
| Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe | Boise to͘-hōe-khu |
| Bīn-chek | Pâi-miâ tē-14  |
|  • Ha̍p-kè | 83,800 sq mi (216,900 km2) |
|  • Tang-sai khoah | 305 mí (491 km) |
|  • Lâm-pak khoah | 479 mí (771 km) |
|  • % chúi-bīn | 0.98 |
|  • Hūi-tō͘ | 42° N to 49° N |
|  • Keng-tō͘ | 111°03′ W to 117°15′ W |
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| Jîn-kháu | Pâi-miâ tē-39  |
|  • Ha̍p-kè | 1,683,140 (2016 nî ko͘) |
|  • Bi̍t-tō͘ | 20.1/sq mi  (7.76/km2) Pâi-miâ tē44 |
|  • Hō͘-kháu siu-ji̍p tiong-ta̍t | $51,624 (36th) |
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| Koân-tō͘ |  |
|  • Ko-tiám | Borah Peak 12,662 ft (3,859 m) |
|  • Pêng-kin | 5,000 ft  (1,520 m) |
|  • Kē-tiám | Snake kap Clearwater Hô sio-chiap tē; Lewiston 713 ft (217 m) |
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| Siat chiu chìn-chêng | Idaho Léng-thó͘ |
| Sin chiu seng-li̍p | 1890 nî 7 goe̍h 3 ji̍t (tē-43) |
| Chiu-tiúⁿ | Butch Otter (R) |
| Hù-chiu-tiúⁿ | Brad Little (R) |
| Li̍p-hoat | Idaho Li̍p-hoat-hōe  |
|  • Siōng-gī-īⁿ | Chham-gī-īⁿ |
|  • Hā-gī-īⁿ | Chiòng-gi-īⁿ |
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| Liân-pang Chham-gī-goân | Mike Crapo (R) Jim Risch (R) |
| Liân-pang Chiòng-gī-goân | 1–Raúl Labrador (R) 2–Mike Simpson (R) (lia̍t-toaⁿ) |
| Sî-khu  |    |
|  • north of Salmon River | Pacific: UTC −8/−7 |
|  • remainder of state | Mountain: UTC −7/−6 |
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| ISO 3166 | US-ID |
| Kán-siá | ID, |
| Bāng-chām | www.idaho.gov |

**Idaho** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu. Siú-hú kap siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Boise.

## Tē-hō-miâ

Tē-hō-miâ ê gí-goân bô khak-tēng ê kóng-hoat. Tī 1860 nî-tāi chá-kî, tong Bí-kok Kok-hōe leh khó-lū ùi Rocky Soaⁿ-tē khui-siat sin léng-thó͘ (territory) ê sî, chèng-tī soeh-kheh George M. Willing thê-chhut liáu *Idaho* chit-ê miâ, í iap kóng he sī Shoshone-gí ê ōe, sī "ji̍t-thâu tùi soaⁿ chhut--lâi", he̍k-chiá "soaⁿ-lâi ê pó-chio̍h" téng ì-sù. M̄-koh i āu-bóe sêng-jīm hit-ê miâ kî-si̍t sī i ka-tī hoat-bêng--ê.

Liáu-āu kok-hōe chiō koat-tēng chiong sin niá tē-hng hō-miâ chò Colorado Léng-thó͘, 1861 nî 2 goe̍h chhòng-li̍p. Kâng nî ùi Washington Léng-thó͘, ū chi̍t-ê Idaho Kūn sêng-li̍p, in-ê miâ sī tùi chi̍t chiah hóe-chûn hō--ê. Āu--lâi pau-koat Idaho Kūn chāi-lāi ê pō͘-hūn Washington Léng-thó͘, chiō tī 1863 nî sin-siat Idaho Léng-thó͘.

## Tē-lí

Idaho ê tē-hêng tē-tô͘
Ùi Idaho sì-ûi, ū Bí-kok ê 6-ê chiu-hūn, kap Canada ê 1-ê séng-hūn. Tī pún chiu tang-pêng kap pak-pêng sī Montana, lēng-gōa óa tang mā ū Wyoming, lâm-pêng ū Nevada kap Utah, sai-pêng sī Washington kap Oregon. Canada pian-kài ê tùi-bīn sī British Columbia.

Idaho ê chòe koân tiám sī Borah Peak, ū 3,859 kong-chhioh koâng; chòe kē tiám tī Lewiston tē-hng Clearwater Hô chiap ji̍p Snake Hô ê só͘-chāi, ū 216 kong-chhioh koân. Chiu lāi chú-iàu ê soaⁿ-tē ū Sawtooth Soaⁿ-me̍h, Bitterroot Soaⁿ-me̍h, White Cloud Soaⁿ-tē, Lost River Soaⁿ-me̍h, Clearwater Soaⁿ-hē kap Salmon River Soaⁿ-tē téng ūi.

Chú-iàu ê hô-chhoan ū Snake Hô, Clark Fork Hô kiam i-ê āu-tōaⁿ Pend Oreille Hô, koh ū Clearwater Hô, Salmon Hô téng khe.

## Le̍k-sú

Í-keng chai-iáⁿ 14,500 nî chó-iū chìn-chêng chio̍h ū lâng tī Idaho chit ūi khiā-khí. Twin Falls hū-kīn ū khó-kó͘ ûi-chek Wilson Butte Cave, hong hoat-hiān Pak Bí-chiu jîn-lūi oa̍h-tāng chèng-kù lāi sîn-kan siāng chá--ê chi it. Nā chiàu hiān-tāi chu-liāu só͘ chai, ùi pún tē-hng khiā-khí ê goân-chū-bîn, ū pak-pō͘ ê Nez Percé kap lâm-pō͘ ê Shoshone.

Lewis kap Clark ê thàm-châ-tūi tī 1805 nî 8 goe̍h 12 lâi kàu hiān-sî só͘ kóng ê Idaho tē-khu. Lēng-gōa Wilson Price Hunt niá-chhōa ê chi̍t tīn Au-chiu-hē thàm-hiám-chiá, tī 1811 nî kàu 1812 nî chêng-āu ji̍p kàu Idaho lâm-pō͘, hit-tang-chūn pún tē ū tāi-khài 8000 ūi goân-chū-bîn tng khiā-khí.

1863 nî kàu 1866 nî kan Idaho Léng-thó͘ kì-chiong.
Mô͘-phôe seng-lí ín lâi thâu chi̍t pái tōa-liōng ê Au-chiû-lâng kòe lâi Idaho. Missouri Phôe-chháu Kong-si (Missouri Fur Company) ê Andrew Henry, tī 1810 nî chìn-ji̍p Snake Hô pêⁿ-po͘, ùi kin-á-ji̍t St. Anthony hū-kīn khí siat chē-iâⁿ, chóng-sī bô lōa kú chio̍h hong pàng-sak.

1863 nî 3 goe̍h 4 ji̍t ê sî, Idaho Léng-thó͘ sêng-li̍p; 1890 nî 7 goe̍h 3 ji̍t, chóng-thóng Benjamin Harrison chhiam-sú hoat-àn hō͘ Idaho siat chò sin chiu-hūn, tong-sî ū jîn-khau 88,548 lâng, thâu jīm chiu-tiúⁿ sī George L. Shoup.

Idaho sī Tōa Siau-tiâu sî-kî siū-hāi giâm-tiōng ê chi̍t chiu, siū tio̍h lông-sán kè-siàu tōa lo̍h ê éng-hióng, chāi-tē lông-bîn ê siu-ji̍p tùi 1929 nî ê bí-nî 686 bí-kim lo̍h ka 1932 nî ê 250 bí-kim.

## Jîn-kháu

Kun-kù chū-ngó͘ pò-tō chu-liāu, Tek-kok-hē (*German*) kap Eng-lân-hē (*English*) tī Idaho chiàm to-sò͘.
Kun-kù Bí-kok Phó͘-cha Kio̍k ê ko͘-sǹg, Idaho tī 2015 nî 7 goe̍h 1 ji̍t ê jîn-kháu ū 1,654,930 lâng; pí 2010 nî ê phó͘-cha sò͘-jī ke 5.57%

Nā chiàu 2010 nî phó͘-cha, jîn-kháu lāi-bīn 89.1% sī Pe̍h-lâng; 0.6% sī O͘-lâng he̍k-chiá Hui-chiu-hē Bí-kok-lâng, 1.4% sī Bí-kok Indian-lâng kap Alaska Pún-thó͘-lâng; 1.2% sī A-chiu-hē Bí-kok-lâng; 0.1% sī Pún-thó͘ Hawaii-lâng kap Kî-tha Thài-pêng-iûⁿ Tó-bîn; 2.5% sī nn̄g cho̍k í-siōng pōe-kéng.

Lēng-gōa pe̍h-lâng lāi-bīn ū chi̍t khoán Se-pan-gâ-hē (Latin/Hispanic), chiàm chóng jîn-kháu ū 11.2%.

## Keng-chè

Idaho tī 2014 nî ê chiu-lāi seng-sán chóng-gia̍h sī 63,235 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng chò ê khang-khòe sī kiān-khong chiàu-kò͘ kap siā-hōe hû-chō͘ (*health care and social assistance*) gia̍p.

Idaho sī tiōng-iàu ê lông-gia̍p chiu, seng-sán Bí-kok beh 1/3 ê má-lêng-chî. Kang-gia̍p ê hong-bīn, Idaho khah chú-iàu--ê ū si̍t-phín ka-kang, lîm-gia̍p, ki-hâi, hòa-ha̍k chè-phín, chè-chóa, tiān-chú-gia̍p, gîn-á kap kî-tha khòng-gia̍p, koh ū koan-kong-gia̍p.

Kīn-taⁿ kho-ha̍k kap ki-su̍t sèng-chit kang-gia̍p tī Idaho ū tiōng-iàu tē-ūi. In chiàm 25% chiu-lāi chóng siu-ji̍p, kap 70% ê chhut-kháu. Boise tùi 1970 nî-tāi í-lāi, hoat-tián chò poàn-tó-thé chè-chō-gia̍p ê chi̍t-ê tiong-sim, sī Micron Technology ê chó͘-pō͘. Lēngg-āo mā ū Hewlett-Packard ê í seng-sán printer ûi chú ê kang-tiûⁿ.

## Chham-khó