Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Austin

|  |
| --- |
| **Austin** |
|  |
| Austin |
| Keng-hūi-tō͘: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kok-ka
 | Bí-kok
 |
| Chiu
 | Texas
 |
| **Bīn-chek** |
|  - Chhī-khu
  | 767.28 km2 |
|  - Thó͘-tē |
651.4 km2 |
|  - Chúi-bīn |
17.9 km2 |
|  - To͘-chhī-khian |
11,099.91 km2 |
| **Koân-tō͘** |
149 m |
| **Jîn-kháu** (2007) |
|  - Chhī-khu | 743,074 (tē−16) lâng |
|  - Bi̍t-tō͘ |
925.21/km2 |
|  - To͘-chhī-khian | 1,652,602 |

**Austin** sī Bí-kok Texas ê siú-hú.
# San Bruno (California)

|  |
| --- |
| **San Bruno** |
| —  **Chng-thâu (city)**  — |
| San Bruno ê kéng-sek
 |
| San Bruno só͘-chāi-tô͘ ê uī-tìSan Bruno só͘-chāi-tô͘ |
| San BrunoSan Bruno tī Bí-kok California ê ūi-tì |
| Keng-hūi-tō͘: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kok-ka
 |  Bí-kok
 |
| Chiu
 | California
 |
| Kūn
 | San Mateo
 |
| **Chèng-hú** |
|  - Lūi-hêng | city |
| **Bīn-chek** |
|  - Lóng-chóng
  | 14.1 km2 |
| **Jîn-kháu** |
|  - Lóng-chóng | 39,986 lâng |
|  - Bi̍t-tō͘ |
2,835.9/km2 |

**San Bruno** sī Bí-kok California chiu San Mateo kūn ê chi̍t ê chng-thâu (*city*).

## Jîn-kháu

Chit ūi tī 2010 nî ê jîn-kháu-sò͘ sī 41,114 lâng.

## Liân-kiat

* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām

 *Che sī chi̍t phiⁿ koan-î Bí-kok California Chiu tē-lí ê phí-á-kiáⁿ. Chhiáⁿ tàu khok-chhiong.*
# Lady Gaga

Lady Gaga (2023)
**Lady Gaga** (1986 nî 3 goe̍h 28 ji̍t chhut-sì ) pún-miâ **Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta**, sī Bí-kok ê koa-chhiú, kiâⁿ liû-hêng, bú-khek kap tiān-im lō͘-soàⁿ.
# Tùi Google ê phoe-phêng

**Tùi Google ê phoe-phêng** hâm tùi in tô-siám sòe-kim, kan-sia̍p chhiau-chhōe kia-kó, tùi tha-hong tì-hūi châi-sán ê lī-ēng, tùi lâng su-lō͘ (*privacy*) ê chhim-hoān, tùi chhiau-chhōe kiat-kó kap lōe-iông ê sím-cha, lêng-goân ê siau-hùi, koh kiam to̍k-chiàm būn-tê kap in "Ì-sek-hêng-thài Ìn-siaⁿ-keng" (*Ideological Echo Chamber*) téng-téng tāi-chì ê gī-lūn.
# LaMDA

**LaMDA** (Eng-gí: *Language Model for Dialogue Applications*) sī Google só͘ khai-hoat ê chi̍t hē-lia̍t tùi-ōe sîn-keng gí-giân bô͘-hêng. Tē-it tāi bô͘-hêng tī 2021 nî ê Google I/O nî-hōe hoat-piáu, ah tē-jī tāi bô͘-hêng kāng-khoán tī keh-nî ê I/O nî-hōe kong-khai. 2022 nî 6 goe̍h, Google kang-têng-su Blake Lemoine soan-chheng LaMDA í-keng chûn-chāi kám-ti lêng-le̍k kap chū-ngó͘ ì-sek, tì-sú chit-ê bô͘-cho͘ tit-tio̍h kóng-hoàn koan-chù, kho-ha̍k-kài tī chin tōa thêng-tō͘ siōng hóⁿ-tēng Lemoine ê kóng-hoat, koh tī kāng sî-kan ín-khí tùi Turing chhì-giām hāu-le̍k ê thó-lūn. 2023 nî 2 goe̍h, Google hoat-piáu ki-î LaMDA kè-kò͘ ê tùi-ōe-sek jîn-kang tì-hūi ke-khì-lâng Bard lâi in-èng OpenAI khai-hoat ê ChatGPT.
# Gmail

Gmail ê sin phiau-chì
**Gmail** (*Google Mail*) sī Google tī 2004 nî 4 goe̍h 1 hō hoat-pò͘ ê chi̍t-ê bián-hùi tiān-chú iû-kiāⁿ ho̍k-bū. Tī siāng-chá thui-chhut sî, sin sú-iōng-chiá su-iàu hiān-iú sú-iōng-chiá ê tiān-chú iû-kiāⁿ iau-chhiáⁿ. 2007 nî 2 goe̍h 7 hō, Google soan-pò͘ kā Gmail ê chù-chheh oân-choân khai-hòng. Lo̍h-bóe koh tī 2009 nî 7 goa̍h 7 hō ê sî, chèng-sek chhú-siau Beta phiau-chì, tī thui-chhut 5-tang-gōa āu chóng-sǹg choán-ûi chèng-sek pán-pún. Gmail siāng-chá thui-chhut sî ū 1 GB ê thú-chûn khong-kan, tōa-tōa thê-ko tong-sî bián-hùi phe-tâng iông-liōng ê piau-chún. Bo̍k-chiân, Gmail ê iōng-hō͘ í-keng ē-sái hiáng-iú chhiau-kòe 15 GB ê iông-liōng, pēng-chhiáⁿ ē-sái thong-kòe hù-chîⁿ chhú-tit khah-chē khong-kan. Nā-chún beh lēng-gōa sòe khah-chē ê khong-kan, ē-sái ēng ta̍k-kò-goe̍h 1.99 Bí-kim ê kè-siàu lâi chhú-tit 100 GB ê thú-chûn khong-kan. Gmail siāng hō͘ lâng o-ló ê sī i-ê sú-iōng kài-bīn, m̄-nā iông-ī sú-iōng, jî-chhiáⁿ sok-tō͘ chin kín, chhú-gōa Gmail mā sī chi̍t-ê chhut-miâ ê AJAX èng-iōng.
# Kim-sio̍k

Gallium, chi̍t-khoán Kim-sio̍k gôan-sò͘.
**Kim-sio̍k** sī chi̍t-lūi gôan-sò͘, khah gâu sit-khì tiān-chú lâi piàn chò iông-lî-chú, ia̍h-sī kap kî-thaⁿ kim-sio̍k gôan-chú chi-kan sán-seng kim-sio̍k kiat-ha̍p.

Chū-jiân-kài ê kim-sio̍k tōa-hūn lóng-sī í hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t ê hêng-sek chûn-chāi, chí-ū chió-sò͘ sī to̍k-li̍p goân-chú ê hêng-sek, pau-koat n̂g-kim kap gîn-á.

Li̍t-siông seng-o̍ah tiong ê kim-sio̍k it-poaⁿ ū chi̍t-kóa kiōng-tông ê sèng-chit, pau-koat tō-tiān, tō-jia̍t, kim-ku̍t, ū tián-iân-sèng, che-sī in-ūi kim-sio̍k gôan-chú chi-kan ū chū-iû tiān-chú.

## Kho-ha̍k hun-lūi

Kho-ha̍k-siōng, kim-sio̍k ē-tàng hun-sêng kúi-ā-ê lūi-pia̍t:

* Alkali kim-sio̍k (鹼金屬)
* Alkali-thó͘ kim-sio̍k (鹼土金屬)
* Lāi-kòe-tō͘ goân-sò͘ (內過渡元素)
	+ Lanthanum-hē goân-sò͘ (鑭系元素)
	+ Actinium-hē goân-sò͘ (錒系元素)
* Kòe-tō͘ goân-sò͘ (過渡元素)
* Kî-thaⁿ
	+ Pîn-kim-sio̍k (貧金屬), hui-chèng-sek.

## Chham-khòaⁿ

* Chiu-kî-piáu ê goân-sò͘ hun-lūi
# Sek-siòng

**Sek-siòng** (Eng-gí: *hue*) sī sek-chhái ê chú-iàu sèng-chit chi it, ki-su̍t siōng chiàu CIECAM02 model thang tēng-gī chò "chi̍t-ê chhì-khek kap âng-sek, le̍k-sek, lâm-sek, kap n̂g-sek ê cheng-chha thêng-tō͘".

Sek-siòng giâm-keh lâi kóng sī iú-chhái-sek (*chromatic color*) ê sèng-chit, nā bû-chhái-sek chhiūⁿ phú-sek, o͘-sek, kap pe̍h-sek sī bô sek-siòng--ê.

Tī Eng-gí, *hue* chi̍t jī mā thang chí te̍k-pia̍t bô lām tio̍h o͘-sek kap pe̍h-sek ê bó͘ chi̍t-ê sek-tī.

## Chham-khó

## Siong-koan

* Chhái-tō͘
* Bêng-tō͘
* Chhián-tō͘
* Chroma
# Iông-e̍k

Iâm-chúi sī iâm (iông-chit) kap chúi (iông-che) cho͘-sêng ê iông-e̍k.
**Iông-e̍k** (Hàn-jī: 溶液; Eng-gí: *solution*) sī iû nn̄g chióng í-siōng ê bu̍t-chit lâi cho͘-sêng ê chiâu-ûn jî-chhiáⁿ ún-tēng ê hun-sàn hūn-ha̍p-bu̍t. Pī iûⁿ-kái ê bu̍t-chit hō-chò iông-chit, ah iûⁿ-kái iông-chit ê bu̍t-chit hō-chò iông-che.
# Loān-chō

**Luān-chō** (Eng-gí: *graffiti*, *doodle*) tī thong-sio̍k gē-su̍t lāi-té, sī toà kong-kiōng tiûⁿ-só͘ khoàⁿ ē tio̍h ê piáu-bīn téng-koân chè-chok ê hui-koaⁿ-hong ang-á. Graffiti ê chhòng-chok nā bô châi-sán só͘-iú-jîn ún-chún, tō hō chò phò-hāi (vandalism), tī toā-hūn kok-ka ū siū hoat-lu̍t kui-hoān, chè-chhâi.

Graffiti tû-liáu tián gē-su̍t-ka ê chok-phín kap miâ-siaⁿ í-goā, iū-koh ū pa̍t-khoán lō͘-iōng, pau-koat thoân siā-hoē-te̍k, chèng-tī-te̍k ê sìn-sek (chham-khó Khan-páng Tháu-pa̍k Tīn-soàⁿ), khan kóng-kò, téng-téng. Graffiti mā ū hō͘ lâng tòng-chò hiān-tāi ê 1 chióng bí-su̍t khoán-sek, tī sè-kài chin chē oē-lóng ē-tit khoàⁿ--tio̍h.

Graffiti chū kó͘-chá Hi-lia̍p, Lô-má sî-tāi tō í-keng tī--teh, āu--lâi ián-piàn pìⁿ-chiâⁿ só͘ kóng--ê "hiān-tāi graffiti", tō sī kā kong-kiōng tiûⁿ-só͘ ê piáu-bīn chún oē-pò͘ lâi ēng; phùn-chhat (spray paint) sī sù-siông ēng--ê gân-liāu kiam chhiú-lō͘.

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

Wiktionary
Khì Wiktionary chhâ
graffiti chit ê sû.

* Graffitiarchiv Archived 2023-09-27 at the Wayback Machine. (Tek-gú)
* Graffitiforschung–umfassende und neutrale Informationen zum Thema Graffiti (Tek-gú)
* legal walls – Verzeichnis von legalen Wänden zum Graffitisprühen weltweit (Eng-gí)
# John Barth

**John Simmons Barth** (1930 nî —) sī Bí-kok ê siáu-soat-ka kiam té-phiⁿ-kó͘ chok-ka, i ê chok-phín sǹg sī āu-hiān-tāi bûn-ha̍k (postmodern literature), chhiong-moá meta-siáu-soat (metafiction) ê te̍k-sek.
# Bí-su̍t-koán

Kok-bí-koán sī Tâi-oân ê kok-ka-kip bí-su̍t-koán
**Bí-su̍t-koán** (美術館) sī pó-chûn kap tián-sī gē-su̍t chok-phín ê siat-si, thong-siông sī í sī-kak gē-su̍t ûi tiong-sim. Bí-su̍t-koán siōng-chia̍p-khoàⁿ ê tián-sī-phín sī hōe-ōe, lēng-gōa tiau-khek, siá-chin kap chong-tì gē-su̍t ê chok-phín mā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ pī tián-sī. Bí-su̍t-koán chú-iàu ê bo̍k-tek sī thê-kiong tián-sī ê khong-kan, ū-sî-chūn mā ē kí-pān kî-thaⁿ lūi-hêng ê gē-su̍t oa̍h-tāng, pí-lūn im-ga̍k-hōe ia̍h-sī koa-si lóng-siōng-hōe téng-téng.
# Arthur Schopenhauer

| Arthur Schopenhauer |
| --- |
| Schopenhauer in 1859 (colorized photograph) |
| Chhut-sì | 1788 nî 2 goe̍h 22 ji̍t(1788-02-22) Danzig (Gdańsk), Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |
| Koè-sin | 1860 nî 9 goe̍h 21 ji̍t (72 hòe) Frankfurt, German Confederation |
| Kok-che̍k | German |
| Kàu-io̍k | * Illustrious Gymnasium
* University of Göttingen
* University of Jena (PhD, 1813)
 |
|  |
| Era | 19th-century philosophy |
| Region | Western philosophy |
| School | * Continental philosophy
* Post-Kantian philosophy
* Transcendental idealism (disputed)
* Metaphysical voluntarism
* Philosophical pessimism
 |
| Institutions | University of Berlin |
| Main interests | Metaphysics, aesthetics, ethics, morality, psychology |
| Notable ideas | Anthropic principle Eternal justice Fourfold root of the principle of sufficient reason Hedgehog's dilemma Philosophical pessimism Principium individuationis Will as thing in itself Criticism of religion Criticism of German idealism Schopenhauerian aesthetics Wooden iron |
|
Influences
* + Theravada
	+ Hinduism (Upanishads)
	+ Aristotle
	+ Descartes
	+ Berkeley
	+ Hume
	+ Gibbon
	+ Voltaire
	+ Gracián
	+ Rousseau
	+ Kant
	+ Spinoza
	+ Locke
	+ Krause
	+ Goethe
	+ German mysticism
	+ Plato
	+ Schulze
 |
|
Influenced
* + Anjos
	+ Assis
	+ Bahnsen
	+ Beckett
	+ Bergson
	+ Borges
	+ Brahms
	+ Brouwer
	+ Campbell
	+ Darwin
	+ Einstein
	+ Fet
	+ Cioran
	+ Dilthey
	+ Freud
	+ Gray
	+ Hardy
	+ Hartmann
	+ Hesse
	+ Horkheimer
	+ Huysmans
	+ Jung
	+ Kraus
	+ Ludovici
	+ Ligotti
	+ Mahler
	+ Mainländer
	+ Majorana
	+ Mann
	+ Marx
	+ Maupassant
	+ Michelstaedter
	+ Nietzsche
	+ Proust
	+ Rank
	+ Reve
	+ Rilke
	+ Ryle
	+ Santayana
	+ Schlick
	+ Shaw
	+ Schoenberg
	+ Schrödinger
	+ Solovyov
	+ Spengler
	+ Tolstoy
	+ Vaihinger
	+ Volkelt
	+ Wagner
	+ Weininger
	+ Wittgenstein
	+ Zapffe
	+ Zola
 |
|  |
| Chhiam-miâ |
|  |

**Arthur Schopenhauer** (1788 nî 2 goe̍h 22 ji̍t - 1860 nî 9 goe̍h 21 ji̍t) sī Tek-kok ê tiat-ha̍k-ka. I ê su-sióng siok koan-liām-lūn (*idealism*).

## Tsù-kái

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* Schopenhauer tī Project Gutenberg ê chok-phín
* Arthur Schopenhauer tī Internet Archive ê chok-phín
* Works by Arthur Schopenhauer at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
* Wicks, Robert (Spring 2019). "Arthur Schopenhauer". Chū Zalta, Edward N. *Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy*. Stanford University: Center for the Study of Language and Information.
* *Arthur Schopenhauer* an article by Mary Troxell in Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2011
* Schopenhauersource: Reproductions of Schopenhauer's manuscripts
* Kant's philosophy as rectified by Schopenhauer
* Timeline of German Philosophers
* A Quick Introduction to Schopenhauer
* Ross, Kelley L., 1998, "Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860)." Two short essays, on Schopenhauer's life and work, and on his dim view of academia.
# OpenStreetMap

OpenStreetMap ê piau-chì
**OpenStreetMap** (**OSM**) sī chi̍t ê teh khí-chō chū-iû lōe-iông ê tiān-chú tē-tô͘ ê kè-ōe; i-ê bo̍k-piau sī beh chhòng-chō chi̍t ê lōe-iông chū-iû koh khai-hòng hō͘ só͘-ū-lâng pian-chi̍p ê sè-kài tē-tô͘, mā thê-kiong hō͘ it-poaⁿ ê hêng-tōng chong-tì ū chi̍t ê hong-piān ê tō-hâng thang hó sú-iōng.
# 1996 nî Hā-kùi Olympic Ūn-tōng-hoē

1996 nî Hā-kùi Olympic Ūn-tōng-hoē| Eng-gí miâ | 1996 Summer Olympics |
| Khai-chhui |  Bí-kok Atlanta |
| Piau-gí | *The Celebration of the Century* |
| Chham-ka kok | 197 |
| Chham-ka-chiá | 10,320 |
| Hāng-bo̍k | 271 sió hāng-bo̍k, 26 ūn-tōng (37 toā hāng-bo̍k) |
| Khai-hoē-sek | 1996 nî 7 goe̍h 19 ji̍t |
| Pì-hoē-sek | 1996 nî 8 goe̍h 4 ji̍t |
| Khai-hoē soan-giân-chiá | Bill Clinton |
| Tiám-hoé-chiá | Muhammad Ali |
| Ūn-tōng-tiûⁿ | Centennial Olympic Stadium |
| **Hā-kùi**← Barcelona 1992Sydney 2000 →
**Tang-kùi**← Lillehammer 1994Nagano 1998 →

1996 nî Hā-kùi Paralympics Ūn-tōng-hoē |

**1996 nî Hā-kùi Olympic Ūn-tōng-hoē** sī tē 26 hoê ê Hā-kùi Olympic Ūn-tōng-hoē, tiàm Bí-kok Atlanta kú-pān.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
# Arthur Miller

Arthur Miller
**Arthur Asher Miller** (1915 nî 10 goe̍h 17 ji̍t – 2005 nî 2 goe̍h 10 ji̍t) sī Bí-kok ê ke̍k-chok-ka kiam té-bûn chok-ka. Miller tī Bí-kok bûn-ha̍k oa̍h-tāng chhiau-koè 61 tang, siá chin chē bú-tâi-ke̍k kap tiān-iáⁿ ê kha-pún, *1 ê Chhui-siau-oân ê Sí-bông* (Death of a Salesman) sī i siāng chhut-miâ ê kha-pún. Miller bat kī-choa̍t tiàm Hui-Bí Úi-oân-hoē (House Un-American Activities Committee) chò kan-chèng, bat tio̍h koè Pulitzer Chióng, mā bat kap Marilyn Monroe kiat-hun.
# Federico García Lorca

**Federico García Lorca** sī Se-pan-gâ si-jîn kap hì-ke̍k-ka. I sī Generación del '27 ê sêng-ôan. Se-pan-gâ lōe-chiàn chá-kî, i pī hoat-se-su kun-tūi sat-hāi.
# Dow Jones Kang-gia̍p Pêng-kin

**Dow Jones Kang-gia̍p Pêng-kin Chu-kè** (--平均株價, Eng-gí: *Dow Jones Industrial Average*) sī Bí-kok S&P Dow Jones Indices tùi kó͘-phiò chhī-tiûⁿ kéng chhut chi̍t koá chiūⁿ-chhī kong-sī ê kó͘-kè thóng-kè sán-seng ê chí-sò͘.

Hiān-sî Dow Jones chí-sò͘ lāi-té lóng-chóng hâm 30 keng kong-si, kî-tiong 27 keng sio̍k NYSE chhī-tiûⁿ; lēng-goā 3 keng sio̍k NASDAQ chhī-tiûⁿ.

Sui-jiân hō miâ "kang-gia̍p", chóng-sì che sī koé-khì ê hō-miâ, hiān-chāi chí-sò͘ tiong ê kong-si bô it-tēng sio̍k kang-gia̍p.

## Kong-si miâ-toaⁿ

2009 nî 6 goe̍h 8 ji̍t í-āu ê miâ-toaⁿ| Pian-bé | Kong-si | San-gia̍p | Chhái-ēng ji̍t | Chhī-tiûⁿ |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **AA** | Alcoa | A-lú-mih | 1959 nî 6 goe̍h 1 ji̍t | NYSE |
| **AXP** | American Express | Kim-iông | 1982 nî 8 goe̍h 30 ji̍t | NYSE |
| **BA** | Boeing | Hâng-thài, hông-ūi | 1987 nî 3 goe̍h 12 ji̍t | NYSE |
| **BAC** | Bank of America | Kim-iông | 2008 nî 2 goe̍h 19 ji̍t | NYSE |
| **CAT** | Caterpillar Inc. | Tiōng ki-hâi | 1991 nî 5 goe̍h 6 ji̍t | NYSE |
| **CSCO** | Cisco Systems | Chu-sìn | 2009 nî 6 goe̍h 8 ji̍t | NASDAQ |
| **CVX** | Chevron | Chio̍h-iû | 2008 nî 2 goe̍h 19 ji̍t | NYSE |
| **DD** | DuPont | Hoà-ha̍k | 1935 nî 11 goe̍h 20 ji̍t | NYSE |
| **DIS** | The Walt Disney Company | Mûi-thé, ngô͘-lo̍k | 1991 nî 5 goe̍h 6 ji̍t | NYSE |
| **GE** | General Electric | Tiān-khì | 1896 nî 5 goe̍h 26 ji̍t | NYSE |
| **HD** | The Home Depot | Sió-bē | 1999 nî 11 goe̍h 1 ji̍t | NYSE |
| **HPQ** | Hewlett-Packard | Tiān-náu | 1997 nî 3 goe̍h 17 ji̍t | NYSE |
| **IBM** | IBM | Tiān-náu | 1979 nî 6 goe̍h 29 ji̍t | NYSE |
| **INTC** | Intel | Poàⁿ-tó-thé | 1999 nî 11 goe̍h 1 ji̍t | NASDAQ |
| **JNJ** | Johnson & Johnson | Ji̍t-ēng-phín | 1997 nî 3 goe̍h 17 ji̍t | NYSE |
| **JPM** | JPMorgan Chase & Co. | Kim-iông | 1991 nî 5 goe̍h 6 ji̍t | NYSE |
| **KFT** | Kraft Foods | Si̍t-phín | 2008 nî 9 goe̍h 22 ji̍t | NYSE |
| **KO** | Coca-Cola | Ím-liāu | 1987 nî 3 goe̍h 12 ji̍t | NYSE |
| **MCD** | McDonald's | Si̍t-phín | 1985 nî 10 goe̍h 30 ji̍t | NYSE |
| **MMM** | 3M | Hoà-ha̍k | 1976 nî 8 goe̍h 9 ji̍t | NYSE |
| **MRK** | Merck & Co. | Chè-io̍h | 1979 nî 6 goe̍h 29 ji̍t | NYSE |
| **MSFT** | Microsoft | Tiān-náu | 1999 nî 11 goe̍h 1日 | NASDAQ |
| **PFE** | Pfizer | Chè-io̍h | 2004 nî 4 goe̍h 8 ji̍t | NYSE |
| **PG** | Procter & Gamble | Ji̍t-ēng-phín | 1932 nî 5 goe̍h 26 ji̍t | NYSE |
| **T** | AT&T | Thong-sìn | 1999 nî 11 goe̍h 1 ji̍t | NYSE |
| **TRV** | The Travelers Companies | Pó-hiám | 2009 nî 6 goe̍h 8 ji̍t | NYSE |
| **UTX** | United Technologies Corporation | Hâng-thài, hông-ūi | 1939 nî 3 goe̍h 14 ji̍t | NYSE |
| **VZ** | Verizon Communications | Thong-sìn | 2004 nî 4 goe̍h 8 ji̍t | NYSE |
| **WMT** | Wal-Mart | Sió-bē | 1997 nî 3 goe̍h 17 ji̍t | NYSE |
| **XOM** | ExxonMobil | Chio̍h-iû | 1928 nî 10 goe̍h 1 ji̍t | NYSE |
# Margaret Thatcher

Margaret Thatcher
**Thatcher Lú-lâm-chiok Margaret Hilda Thatcher** (Eng-gí: Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher; 1925 nî 10 goe̍h 13 ji̍t – 2013 nî 4 goe̍h 8 ji̍t) sī Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok tùi 1979 nî 5 goe̍h 4 ji̍t kàu 1990 nî 11 goe̍h 28 ji̍t ê siú-siòng, sī 1975 nî kàu 1990 nî Pó-siú Tóng ê léng-tō.
# Gary Becker

Gary Becker (2008 nî)
**Gary Stanley Becker** (1930 nî 12 goe̍h 2 ji̍t – 2014 nî 5 goe̍h 3 ji̍t), Bí-kok keng-chè-ha̍k-ka, tio̍h koè Nobel Keng-chè-ha̍k Chióng. Becker tī Pennsylvania Pottsville chhut-sì, 1951 nî tī Princeton Tāi-ha̍k chhut-gia̍p, 1951 nî tī Chicago Tāi-ha̍k the̍h tio̍h phok-sū. 1957 nî kàu 1968 nî tī Columbia Tāi-ha̍k kà-chheh; boé--á tńg-khì Chicago tī keng-chè-hē kap siā-hoē-hē kà. 1967 nî the̍h tio̍h John Bates Clark Chióng (John Bates Clark Medal), 1992 nî the̍h tio̍h Nobel Keng-chè-ha̍k Chióng, 2007 nî the̍h tio̍h Bí-kok ê Chóng-thóng Chū-iû Chióng (Presidential Medal of Freedom).

Becker tāi-seng ūn-iōng keng-chè-ha̍k goân-lí lâi gián-kiù siā-hoē-ha̍k.
# Ta-hioh

**Ta-hioh** (Hàn-jī: 焦歇) sī chi̍t khoán sin-lô hō͘ thâu-ke kiông-pek pàng-ká, jī-chhiáⁿ koh bē-tàng niá sin-súi ê pàng-ká hong-sek.

Ta-hioh koh kiò chò **bô-sin-ká** (無薪假). Tī 2011 nî sè-kài keng-chè cháu bái liá-āu, Tâi-oân chin chē kang-siang khì-gia̍p kiông-pek in ê sin-lô ta-hioh, koh m̄-goān hù sin-súi, chō-chiâⁿ chē-chē siā-hoē bûn-tê.
# Hêng-hô

Hêng-hô kap Brahmaputra-hô chúi-hē.
**Hêng-hô** (恒河, Eng-gí: *Ganges*; Hindi-gí: गंगा *Ganga*; Bengal-gí: গঙ্গা *Gônga*) sī Ìn-tō͘ chhù-tāi-lio̍k siāng toā ê hô-liû, tùi Himalaya soaⁿ-khu hoat-goân, hiòng tang pêng keng-koè Hêng-hô Pêng-goân lâu-ji̍p Bangladesh, tī Bengal Oan chhut-hài. Tn̂g-tō͘ tāi-io̍k ū 2510 kong-lí.

## Chham-chiàu
# David Bowie

2002 nî siòng-phìⁿ.
**David Bowie** (1947 nî 1 goe̍h 8 ji̍t – 2016 nî 1 goe̍h 10 ji̍t), pún-miâ **David Robert Jones**, sī Eng-kok ê koa-chhiú, im-ga̍k-ka, kiam ián-goân. I tī 1970 nî-tāi ê chhòng-chok iû-kî sī sî-tāi ê tāi-piáu-sèng chok-phín.

## Chok-phín

Studio Albums
* *David Bowie* (1967)
* *Space Oddity* (1969)
* *The Man Who Sold the World* (1970)
* *Hunky Dory* (1971)
* *The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars* (1972)
* *Aladdin Sane* (1973)
* *Pin Ups* (1973)
* *Diamond Dogs* (1974)
* *Young Americans* (1975)
* *Station to Station* (1976)
* *Low* (1977)
* *Heroes* (1977)
* *Lodger* (1979)
* *Heroes* (1977)
* *Lodger* (1979)
* *Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps)* (1980)
* *Let's Dance* (1983)
* *Tonight* (1984)
* *Never Let Me Down* (1987)
* *Tin Machine* (1989)
* *Time Machine* (1991)
* *Black Tie White Noise* (1993)
* *Outside* (1995)
* *Earthling* (1997)
* **hours...** (1999)
* *Heathen* (2002)
* *Reality* (2003)
* *The Next Day* (2013)
* *Blackstar* (2016)

Singles
* *Space Oditty* (1969)
* *Star man* (1972)
* *Jean Geanie* (1973)
* *Drive-In Saturday* (1973)
* *Rebel Rebel* (1974)
* *Sorrow* (1974)
* *1984* (1974)
* *Young American* (1975)
* *Fame* (1975)
* *Golden Years* (1976)

## Composer

* *All the Young Dudes* - Mott the Hoople(1972)

## Producer

* *Transformer* - Lou Reed(1972)
* *Idiot* - Iggie Pop(1976)
* *Lust for Life* - Iggie Pop(1976)
# Chek-chhóe-hoe-pe̍h-chit-iām

Poliovirus.
**Chek-chhóe-hoe-pe̍h-chit-iām** (脊髓灰白質炎, Eng-gí: *poliomyelitis*, kán-chheng *polio*), mā hō-chòe **sió-jî bâ-pì** (*infantile paralysis*), sī pēⁿ-to̍k ín-khí ê chi̍t-khoán thôan-jiám-pēⁿ, ē thàu-kòe hùn-kháu keng-lō͘ (*fecal-oral route*), tùi lâng thôan-jiám hō͘ lâng. Pēⁿ-to̍k ū ki-hōe kám-jiám tio̍h tiong-chhu sîn-keng, chō-sêng ki-jio̍k bâ-pì.

Chek-chhóe-hoe-pe̍h-chit-iām ê pēⁿ-gôan hō-chòe Poliovirus. E̍k-biâu hun Jonas Salk kap Albert Sabin hoat-tián ê nn̄g khoán.
# Poissy

|  |
| --- |
| **Poissy** |
| —  Commune  — |
| Poissy ê kéng-sek
 |
|

|  |
| --- |
|  **Hui-kì** |

 |
| Poissy só͘-chāi tē-tô͘ ê uī-tìPoissy só͘-chāi tē-tô͘ |
| PoissyPoissy tī Hoat-kok ê tāi-lio̍k ūi-tì |
| Keng-hūi-tō͘: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kok-ka
  |  Hoat-kok
 |
| Toā-khu
 | Île-de-France
 |
| Koān
 | Yvelines
 |
| Kūn
 |  |

**Poissy** sī ūi-tī Hoat-kok Île-de-France toā-khu Yvelines koān ê chi̍t ê *commune*.

## Tē-lí

Tī Poissy ê sì-ûi ū Achères, Aigremont, Carrières-sous-Poissy, Chambourcy, Feucherolles, Orgeval, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, kap Villennes-sur-Seine téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.

## Jîn-kháu

| Nî-tō͘ | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2007 | 2012 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Jîn-kháu | 33,613 | 37,497 | 36,389 | 36,745 | 35,841 | 37,109 | 37,597 |
| Bi̍t-tō͘ (jîn-kháu/km²) | 2,531.1 | 2,823.6 | 2,740.1 | 2,766.9 | 2,698.9 | 2,794.4 | 2,831.1 |

## Chham-khó

* "Commune de Poissy (78498) - Dossier complet". *INSEE*. 2016-06-05 khòaⁿ--ê.

## Liân-kiat

* Bāng-chām

 *Che sī chi̍t phiⁿ kap **Yvelines** tē-lí siong-koan ê phí-á-kiáⁿ. Chhiáⁿ tàu khok-chhiong.*
# Joseph Haydn

**Joseph Haydn** (1792, Thomas Hardy)
**Joseph Haydn** (1732 nî 3 goe̍h 31 – 1809 nî 5 goe̍h 31) sī Au-chiu gē-su̍t im-ga̍k Kó͘-tián sî-kî siāng chhut-chèng ê 1 ê chok-khek-ka, lâng kiò i "Kau-hiáng-khek ê Pē" kap "Hiân-ga̍k Sù-tiông-chàu ê Pē". Haydn chi̍t-sì-lâng tiàm Tang-kok khiā-khí, chit-gia̍p seng-gâi toā-hūn sī teh hō͘ Eszterházy ka-cho̍k chhiàⁿ chò ga̍k-su. In-ūi in ê thó͘-tē tī chháu-tē, Haydn kàu kah boán-liân chiah ū ki-hoē hām kî-thaⁿ ê chok-khek-ka kau-poê, koh chiap-chhiok tio̍h tng sî-kiâⁿ ê im-ga̍k tiâu-liû. I ka-kī kóng i ê chhòng-ì sī (khoân-kéng) pek--chhut-lâi ê. Haydn ê hiaⁿ-tī ū Michael Haydn, mā sī siū lâng chun-kèng ê chok-khek-ka, í-ki̍p Johann Evangelist Haydn, lâm-koân-im (tenor).
# Lûn-lí-ha̍k

**Lûn-lí-ha̍k** sī tiat-ha̍k ê 1-ê hun-ki, lûn-lí-ha̍k gián-kiù ê bo̍k-tek sī beh liáu-kái tō-tek ê pún-chit, piān-pia̍t sím-mi̍h sī tio̍h, sím-mi̍h sī m̄-tio̍h--ê. Tī Se-kok thoân-thóng lāi-té, lûn-lí-ha̍k ū-sî-chūn hông kiò-chò tō-tek tiat-ha̍k(Eng-gí: *moral philosophy*). Phó-thong ēng "lûn-lí-ha̍k" chit-ê jī-sû, sī chí gián-kiù hām hun-sek sī-hui (tio̍h kap m̄-tio̍h), hó kap pháiⁿ ê ha̍k-kho.

## Lûn-lí-ha̍k It-poaⁿ ê chióng-mn̂g

**Lûn-lí-ha̍k** ê kài-hān chin khoah, m̄-koh ē-tàng iok-kî-lio̍k kā hun-chò **aū-siat lûn-lí-ha̍k**(Eng-gí: *meta-ethics*) kap **kui-hoān lûn-lí-ha̍k**(Eng-gí: *normative ethics*) chit 2-ki.

Chóng--sī lán hán-tit kóng toh-chi̍t-ê ha̍k-chiá sī aū-siat lûn-lí-ha̍k-chiá ia̍h kui-hoān lûn-lí-ha̍k-chiá, toā-pō·-hūn ê lûn-lí-ha̍k-chiá ê tù-chok lāi-té, chit 2-pō·-hūn lóng ē ke-ke-kiám-kiám siá--tio̍h.

### Aū-siat lûn-lí-ha̍k

**Aū-siat lûn-lí-ha̍k** gián-kiù--ê, sī lûn-lí seng-bêng ê pún-chit. Iā-chiū-sī choan-mn̂g tùi ū tō-tek phoàⁿ-toān ê koan-liām chò hun-sek ê lûn-lí-ha̍k-kho. In-ūi 20-sè-kí gí-giân tiat-ha̍k kap hun-sek tiat-ha̍k ê éng-hióng choaⁿ-á toā-heng.
### Kui-hoān lûn-lí-ha̍k

**Kui-hoān lûn-lí-ha̍k** sī khe-khó sím-mi̍h-khoán ê tō-tek (kui-hoān) hām phoàⁿ-toān sī hó--ê (chèng-gī--ê, tio̍h--ê téng-téng) ê lûn-lí-ha̍k-kho.
Kui-hoān lûn-lí-ha̍k tō chhin-chhiūⁿ aū-siat lûn-lí-ha̍k kap si̍t-iōng lûn-lí-ha̍k tiong-kan ê 1-tiâu kiô, chit-ê ha̍k-kho ti̍t-ti̍t teh cháu-chhoē si̍t-iōng ê tō-tek piau-chún, hō· lâng ē-tàng piān-pia̍t ti̍oh kap m̄-tio̍h, koh lâng beh án-choáⁿ chiah ē-tàng koè ū tō-tek ê seng-oa̍h.
## Si̍t-iōng lûn-lí-ha̍k

**Si̍t-iōng lûn-lí-ha̍k** sī kā aū-siat lûn-lí-ha̍k kap kui-hoān lûn-lí-ha̍k gián-kiù ê sêng-chek, chìn-chi̍t-pō· khoàⁿ tī hiān-tāi si̍t-hêng ē ū sím-mi̍h būn-tê, koh ē ha̍h bē ha̍h ê ha̍k-kho.

Nā chiàu si̍t-hêng ê bô-kâng kài-hān lâi hun, siōng-bô ū ē-kha chiah-ê hun-ki:

* Sèⁿ-miā lûn-lí-ha̍k
* I-liâu lûn-lí-ha̍k
* Khoân-kéng lûn-lí-ha̍k
* Keng-chè lûn-lí-ha̍k
* Chu-sìn lûn-lí-ha̍k
# Sussex

**Sussex** (Eng-gí ho͘-im: /ˈsʌsɪks/) sī Tang-lâm Eng-lân tē-hng ê le̍k-sú-kūn (*historic county*), só͘-chāi tāi-iok siong-tong kó͘-chá ê Sussex Ông-kok.
# Soa-bo̍k

Taklamakan Soa-bô͘
Atacama Soa-bô͘
**Soa-bo̍k** he̍k-chiá **soa-bô͘** kán-tan kóng sī 1 tah kàng-chúi (precipitation) bô chē ê tē-hêng (landform) ia̍h tē-khu. Soa-bô͘ bô cheng-bi̍t ê kho-ha̍k teng-gī.

Tē-chit-ha̍k lâi kóng, soa-bô͘ ē-tàng kán-tan tēng-gī chò 1 tang lāi ê kàng-chúi gia̍h chóng-chhé khah chió 250 mm ê só͘-chāi. Liân-ha̍p-kok kā ta-tē (dryland) hun chò chiok ta-sò (hyper arid), ta-sò (arid), poàⁿ ta-sò (semiarid), kap ta/a-sip (dry-subhumid). Soa-bô͘ pau-hâm tī "chiok ta-sò" ia̍h "ta-sò" 2 lūi lāi-bīn.

Ùi si̍t-bu̍t-ha̍k ê koan-tiám lái kóng, soa-bô͘ sī chháu-bo̍k put-chí-á hi-hán ê só͘-chāi.

## Lūi-hêng

It-poaⁿ kóng ê soa-bo̍k sī soa-soa-bo̍k (erg; sand desert), chio̍h-soa-bo̍k (hamada; rocky desert), he̍k-chiá le̍k-soa-bo̍k (gravel desert). M̄-koh soa-bo̍k koh ū kî-tha lūi-hêng, pau-koat iâm-bo̍k (salt desert) kap ke̍k-tē soa-bo̍k/peng-bo̍k (polar desert/ice desert) téng-téng.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

## Gōa-pō· liân-kiat

 Wikibooks ū koan-hē **Deserts** ê kàu-châi kap soat-bêng-su.
* "Global Deserts Outlook". United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 2006. goân-loē-iông tī 2006-06-16 hőng khó͘-pih. , a report in the Global Environment Outlook (GEO) series.
	+ Global Deserts Outlook in PDF at the Library of Congress (archived June 16, 2006)
	+ Map with biodiversity scenarios for desert areas, from the Global Deserts Outlook Archived 2018-07-14 at the Wayback Machine..
# Ji̍t-kong-teng

**Ji̍t-kong-teng** (Hàn-jī: 日光燈) sī chi̍t-khoán tiān-hóe, lī-ēng chúi-gîn-khì hòng-tiān sán-seng êng-kong chè-chō kng-sòaⁿ.

Ín chúi-gîn goân-chú hoat kng chìn-chêng, teng-kóng lāi ê kùi-tiōng khì-thé su-iàu seng lî-chú-hòa, phòe-ha̍p su-tá-tah (starter) sī kî-tiong chi̍t lūi hong-sek.