# Oa̍t-lâm Chiàn-cheng

| Oa̍t-Chiàn |
| --- |
| the Indochina Wars and the Cold War ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn |
| tóng-àn:VNWarMontage.png **Clockwise from top left**:
* U.S. combat operations in Ia Đrăng
* ARVN Rangers defending Saigon during the 1968 Tết Offensive
* Two A-4C Skyhawks after the Gulf of Tonkin incident
* ARVN recapture Quảng Trị during the 1972 Easter Offensive
* Civilians fleeing the 1972 Battle of Quảng Trị
* Burial of 300 victims of the 1968 Huế Massacre
 |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Sî-kan | 1 November 1955 – 30 April 1975 |
| Tē-tiám | South Vietnam, North Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, South China Sea, Gulf of Thailand |
| Kiat-kó |
North Vietnamese and Viet Cong/PRG victory
* Withdrawal of U.S. coalition's forces from Vietnam in 1973 after the Paris Peace Accords
* Communist forces take power in South Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos
* Start of the boat people and refugee crises
* Start of the Cambodian genocide and the Third Indochina War
 |
| Léng-thó͘ piàn-hòa |
Reunification of North Vietnam and South Vietnam into the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1976 |

 |
| Kau-chiàn-hong |
| * North Vietnam
* Viet Cong and PRG
* Pathet Lao
* Khmer Rouge
* GRUNK (1970–75)
* China
* Soviet Union
* North Korea

Supported by:
* Albania
* Pang-bô͘:Country data People's Republic of Bulgaria
* Cuba
* Pang-bô͘:Country data Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
* East Germany
* Pang-bô͘:Country data Hungarian People's Republic
* Pang-bô͘:Country data Polish People's Republic
* Pang-bô͘:Country data Socialist Republic of Romania
* Pang-bô͘:Country data Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (diplomatic)
* Sweden (diplomatic)
 | * South Vietnam
* United States
* South Korea
* Australia
* New Zealand
* Laos
* Cambodia (1967–70)
* Khmer Republic (1970–75)
* Thailand
* Philippines

Supported by:
* Taiwan
* Malaysia
 |
| Chí-hui-koaⁿ kap léng-tō-chiá |
| * Hồ Chí Minh
* Lê Duẩn
* Võ Nguyên Giáp
* Phạm Văn Đồng
* Trần Văn Trà
* *... and others*
 | * Ngô Đình Diệm †
* Nguyễn Văn Thiệu
* Nguyễn Cao Kỳ
* Lyndon B. Johnson
* Richard Nixon
* Robert McNamara
* William Westmoreland
* Creighton Abrams
* *... and others*
 |
| Peng-le̍k |
| **≈860,000 (1967)North Vietnam:** 690,000 (1966, including PAVN and Viet Cong).
* **Viet Cong:** ~200,000 (estimated, 1968)
* **China:** 170,000 (1968) 320,000 total
* **Khmer Rouge:** 70,000 (1972)
* **Pathet Lao:** 48,000 (1970)
* **Soviet Union:** ~3,000
* **North Korea:** 200
* **Albania:** 12
 | **≈1,420,000 (1968)South Vietnam:** 850,000 (1968) 1,500,000 (1974–1975)
* **United States:** 2,709,918 serving in Vietnam total Peak: 543,000 (April 1969)
* **Khmer Republic:** 200,000 (1973)
* **Laos:** 72,000 (Royal Army and Hmong militia)
* **South Korea:** 48,000 per year (1965–1973, 320,000 total)
* **Thailand:** 32,000 per year (1965–1973) (in Vietnam and Laos)
* **Australia:** 50,190 total (Peak: 8,300 combat troops)
* **New Zealand:** 3,500 total (Peak: 552 combat troops)
* **Philippines:** 2,061
 |
| Sí-siong |
| * **North Vietnam & Viet Cong** 30,000–182,000 civilian dead 849,018 military dead (per Vietnam; 1/3 non-combat deaths) 666,000–950,765 dead (US estimated 1964–1974) 232,000–300,000+ military missing (per Vietnam) 600,000+ military wounded
* **Khmer Rouge:** Unknown
* **Pathet Lao:** Unknown
* **China:** ~1,100 dead and 4,200 wounded
* **Soviet Union:** 16 dead
* **North Korea:** 14 dead

**Total military dead/missing: ≈1,100,000Total military wounded: ≈604,200** (excluding GRUNK/Khmer Rouge and Pathet Lao)
 | * **South Vietnam:** 195,000–430,000 civilian dead 254,256–313,000 military dead 1,170,000 military wounded ≈ 1,000,000 captured
* **United States:** 58,281 dead (47,434 from combat) 303,644 wounded (including 150,341 not requiring hospital care)
* **Laos:** 15,000 army dead
* **Khmer Republic:** Unknown
* **South Korea**: 5,099 dead; 10,962 wounded; 4 missing
* **Australia:** 521 dead; 3,129 wounded
* **Thailand:** 351 dead
* **New Zealand:** 37 dead
* **Republic of China:** 25 dead 17 captured
* **Philippines:** 9 dead; 64 wounded

**Total military dead: 333,620–392,364Total military wounded: ≈1,340,000+** (excluding FARK and FANK) **Total military captured: ≈1,000,000+** |
| * **Vietnamese civilian dead**: 405,000–2,000,000
* **Vietnamese total dead**: 966,000–3,010,000
* **Cambodian Civil War dead**: 275,000–310,000
* **Laotian Civil War dead**: 20,000–62,000
* **Non-Indochinese military dead**: 65,494
* **Total dead**: 1,326,494–3,447,494
* For more information see Vietnam War casualties and Aircraft losses of the Vietnam War
 |

1965 nî tī Oa̍t-lâm Kiōng-hô-kok, Napalm chà-tàn kong-kek.
**O̍at-lâm Chiàn-cheng** mā hō **Tē-jī-chhù Ìn-tō͘-chi-na Chiàn-cheng**, sī 1950 nî-tāi bóe-kî kàu 1975 nî, tī O̍at-lâm, Lao, Kán-po͘-chē hoat-seng ê chi̍t-ê chiàn-cheng. Tī chiàn-cheng lāi-bīn, kiōng-sán sè-le̍k chi-ōan Oa̍t-lâm Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok (Pak Oa̍t-lâm); Bí-kok chham chi̍t-kóa kok-ka chi-ōan Oa̍t-lâm Kiōng-hô-kok (Lâm Oa̍t-lâm).

## Chham-ka chiàn-cheng ê kok-ka

### Oa̍t-lâm Kiōng-hô-kok hong-bīn

* Oa̍t-lâm Kiōng-hô-kok (Lâm Oa̍t-lâm)
* Bí-kok
* Hân-kok
* Ò-chiu
* Hui-li̍p-pin
* New Zealand
* Khmer Kiōng-hô-kok
* Thài-kok
* Laos Ông-kok

### Oa̍t-lâm Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok hong-bīn

* Oa̍t-lâm Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok (Pak Oa̍t-lâm)
* Viet Cong
* Bîn-chú Kampuchea (Âng-sek Khmer)
* Pathet Lao
* Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok
* So͘-liân
* Tiâu-sián Bîn-chú-chú-gī Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok

## Tsù-sik

## Tsù-kái

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* A Vietnam Diary's Homecoming Archived 2017-10-19 at the Wayback Machine. Video produced by the PBS Series History Detectives
* Detailed bibliography of Vietnam War
* Documents Relating to American Foreign Policy–Vietnam Archived 13 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine. primary sources on U.S. involvement
* Fallout of the War from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
* Glossary of Military Terms & Slang from the Vietnam War
* Impressions of Vietnam and descriptions of the daily life of a soldier from the oral history of Elliott Gardner, U.S. Army Archived 30 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
* Stephen H. Warner Southeast Asia Photograph Collection at Gettysburg College
* Timeline US – Vietnam (1947–2001) in Open-Content project
* The U.S. Army in Vietnam the official history of the United States Army
* The Vietnam War at The History Channel
* UC Berkeley Library Social Activism Sound Recording Project: Anti-Vietnam War Protests Archived 2023-07-03 at the Wayback Machine.
* Vietnam war timeline comprehensive timeline of the Vietnam War
* Virtual Vietnam Archive – Texas Tech University
* 1965–1975 Another Vietnam; Unseen images of the war from the winning side – Mashable
* Archival collections about the Vietnam War, University Archives and Special Collections, Joseph P. Healey Library, University of Massachusetts Boston