# Goân-chó͘ Ìn-Au giân-gí

| Goân-chó͘ Ìn-Au giân-gí Proto-Indo-European |
| --- |
| PIE |
| Reconstruction of | Ìn-Au gí-hē |
| Region | Proto-Indo-European homeland, most likely on the Pang-bô͘:Nbr |
| Era | c. 4500 – c. 2500 BC |
| Lower-order reconstructions | * Proto-Albanian
* Proto-Anatolian
* Proto-Armenian
* Proto-Balto-Slavic
* Proto-Celtic
* Proto-Germanic
* Proto-Greek
* Proto-Indo-Iranian
* Proto-Italic
* Proto-Tocharian
 |

**Goân-chó͘ Ìn-Au giân-gí** sī giân-gí-ha̍k têng-kiàn ê Ìn-Au giân-gí-hē kiōng-tông chó͘-sian. Pí-kàu kî-tha ê goân-chó͘ giân-gí, Ìn-Au hē-thóng siū tio̍h siāng kài siông-sè ê gián-kiù, sī ha̍k-kài liáu-kái siāng chheng-chhó ê chi̍t khoán.

## Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn

* Anthony, David W.; Ringe, Don (2015). "The Indo-European Homeland from Linguistic and Archaeological Perspectives". *Annual Review of Linguistics*. **1** (1): 199–219. doi:10.1146/annurev-linguist-030514-124812.  Unknown parameter `|doi-access=` ignored (help)
* Bomhard, Allan (2019). "The Origins of Proto-Indo-European: The Caucasian Substrate Hypothesis". *Journal of Indo-European Studies*. **47** (1–2).
* Clackson, James (2007-10-18). *Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction*. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808616. ISBN 978-0-521-65367-1.
* Fortson, Benjamin W. (2010). *Indo-European language and culture: an introduction* (2nd pán.). Malden, MA: Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-405-18896-8.
* Kapović, Mate (2017). "Proto-Indo-European phonology". Chū Kapović, Mate. *The Indo-European Languages* (2nd pán.). London: Routledge. pp. 13–60. ISBN 978-0-415-73062-4.
* Mallory, J. P. (1989). *In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language, Archaeology, and Myth*. Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-05052-1.  Unknown parameter `|url-access=` ignored (help)
* Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006), *The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World*, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-199-29668-2
* Meier-Brügger, Michael (2003), *Indo-European Linguistics*, New York: De Gruyter, ISBN 3-110-17433-2
* Szemerenyi, Oswald J. L. (1997-02-13). *Introduction to Indo-European Linguistics*. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198240150.001.0001. ISBN 978-1-383-01320-7.
* Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2022). "Voiceless high vowels and syncope in older Indo-European" (PDF). *Italian Journal of Linguistics*. **32** (1): 175–190. doi:10.26346/1120-2726-153.
* Kümmel, Martin Joachim. "Uvular Stops or a Glottal Fricative? Theory and Data in Recent Reconstructions of PIE "Laryngeals"" (PDF). *Seminar für Indogermanistik*.
* Klein, Jared; Joseph, Brian; Fritz, Matthias, pian. (2017-09-25), *Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics*, **1**, De Gruyter Mouton, doi:10.1515/9783110261288, ISBN 978-3-110-26128-8
* Klein, Jared; Joseph, Brian; Fritz, Matthias, pian. (2017-10-23), "Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook", *Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics*, De Gruyter Mouton, **2**, doi:10.1515/9783110523874, ISBN 978-3-110-52387-4
* Klein, Jared; Joseph, Brian; Fritz, Matthias, pian. (2018-06-11), *Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics*, **3**, De Gruyter Mouton, doi:10.1515/9783110542431, ISBN 978-3-110-54243-1
* Strazny, Philipp, pian. (2000), *Dictionary of Historical and Comparative Linguistics*, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-579-58218-0

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

Wiktionary
Khì Wiktionary chhâ
Appendix:Proto-Indo-European Swadesh list chit ê sû.

* At the University of Texas Linguistic Research Center: List of online books Archived 28 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine., Indo-European Lexicon
* Proto-Indo-European Lexicon at the University of Helsinki, Department of Modern Languages, Department of World Cultures, Indo-European Studies
* "Wheel and chariot in early IE: What exactly can we conclude from the linguistic data?" (PDF). *Martin Joachim Kümmel, department of Indo-European linguistics, University of Jena*.
* Indo-European Lexical Cognacy Database Archived 7 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
* glottothèque – Ancient Indo-European Grammars online, an online collection of video lectures on Ancient Indo-European languages