# Phô͘-chhân-ōe

| Phô͘-chhân-ōe |
| --- |
| *Pó-chéng-uā* |
| Hoat-im | /pʰɔu˩˩ lɛŋ˩˧ ua˩˩/ |
| Goân-chū kok-ka |  Tiong-kok,  Tâi-oân |
| Sú-iōng tē-khu |  Tiong-kok Hok-kiàn Phô͘-chhân,  Tâi-oân O͘-khiu-hiong |
| Gí-hē | Hàn-Chōng gí-hē
* Hàn-gí-cho̍k
	+ Bân-gí-chi
		- Phô͘-sian-gí
			* **Phô͘-chhân-ōe**
 |
| Bûn-jī hē-thóng | Hing-hoà Pêng-oē-jī Hàn-jī |
| Gí-giân tāi-bé |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| ISO 639-6 | `ptia` |
| Glottolog | `puti1238` |
| Linguasphere | `79-AAA-idb` |
|

**Phô͘-chhân-ōe** (莆田話) sī Phô͘-sian-gí ê tāi-piáu thó͘-ōe, thong-hêng tī Tiong-kok Hok-kiàn-séng Phô͘-chhân-chhī goân-té ê siâⁿ-lāi, Hok-chheng kap Pêng-thâm mā ū pō͘-hūn tē-khu kóng. I mā sī Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok O͘-khiu-hiong ê thó͘-ōe.

## Im-ūn

### Siaⁿ-bó

Phô͘-chhân-ōe lóng-kiōng ū 15-ê siaⁿ-bó.

|   | lióng-tûn | khí-keng | chhek-bīn | nńg-chhùi-koà | siaⁿ-mn̂g |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| phò-lia̍t | bô-sòng-khì chheng | b /p/ 巴 | d /t/ 打 |  | g /k/ 家 | *bô* /ʔ/ 烏 |
| sòng-khì chheng | p /pʰ/ 彭 | t /tʰ/ 他 |  | k /kʰ/ 卡 |  |
| phīⁿ | m /m/ 麻 | n /n/ 拿 |  | ng /ŋ/ 雅 |  |
| mô͘-chhat | chheng |  |  | s /ɬ/ 沙 |  | h /h/ 下 |
| to̍k | */β/*\* |  |  | */ɣ/*\* |  |
| phò-chhat | bô-sòng-khì chheng |  | c /ts/ 渣 |  |  |  |
| sòng-khì chheng |  | ch /tsʰ/ 査 |  |  |  |
| chiap-kūn |  |  | l /l/ 拉 |  |  |

### Ūn-bó

Phô͘-chhân-ōe lóng-kiōng ū 50-ê ūn-bó.

| sù-ho͘↓ | ūn-boé→ |
| --- | --- |
| bú-im | kài-im | phīⁿ-im | ji̍p-siaⁿ |
| khai-kháu | a /a/ 鴉 | au /au/ 拗 | ang /aŋ/ 江 | ah /aʔ/ 壓 |
| o̤ /ɒ/ 奧 |  | o̤ng /ɒŋ/ 王 | o̤h /ɒʔ/ 屋 |
| eo /o/ 科 | o /ɔu/ 烏 | eong /ɔŋ/ 溫 | eoh /ɔʔ/ 熨 |
| a̤ /e/ 商 |  | a̤ng /eŋ/ 英 | a̤h /eʔ/ 急 |
| e /ɛ/ 十 | ai /ai/ 愛 | eng /ɛŋ/ 煙 | eh /ɛʔ/ 黑 |
| e̤ /ø/ 改 |  | e̤ng /œŋ/ 熊 | e̤h /œʔ/ 郁 |
|  |  | ng /ŋ̍/ 伓 |  |
| chê-khí | i /i/ 衣 | iu /iu/ 油 | ing /iŋ/ 引 | ih /iʔ/ 益 |
| ia /ia/ 夜 | a̤u /iau/ 要 | iang /iaŋ/ 鹽 | iah /iaʔ/ 葉 |
|  | ieu /ieu/ 鳥 | ieng /iɛŋ/ 尖 | ieh /iɛʔ/ 業 |
| ha̍p-kháu | u /u/ 夫 | ui /ui/ 位 | ng /uŋ/ 廣 |  |
| ua /ua/ 畫 | oi /uai/ 歪 | uang /uaŋ/ 碗 | uah /uaʔ/ 活 |
| choat-kháu | ṳ /y/ 余 |  | ṳng /yŋ/ 恩 | ṳh /yʔ/ 役 |
| io̤ⁿ /yɒ/ 安 |  | io̤ng /yɒŋ/ 羊 | io̤h /yɒʔ/ 藥 |

Lēng-goā, Phô͘-chhân-ōe iáu ū /uʔ/, /aiʔ/, /auʔ/ 3-ê ūn-bó bô jī-ūn, só͘-í bô siá tī bīn-téng ê pió-keh lāi-bīn.

### Siaⁿ-tiāu

Phô͘-chhân-ōe lóng-kiōng ū 7-ê siaⁿ-tiāu.

| siaⁿ-tiāu miâ | im-piâⁿ | iông-piâⁿ | sióng-siaⁿ | im-khì | iông-khì | im-ji̍p | iông-ji̍p |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| siaⁿ-tiāu kì-hō | ˥˧˧ (533) | ˩˧ (13) | ˦˥˧ (453) | ˦˨ (42) | ˩˩ (11) | ʔ˨˩ (ʔ21) | ʔ˦ (ʔ4) |
| Hing-hoà Pêng-oē-jī | *bô* | 　́ | ˆ | ˈ | - | *bô* | ˈ |
| hàn-jī kú-lē | 詩巴 si, ba | 時爬 sí, bá | 始把 sî, bâ | 試霸 si̍, ba̍ | 寺罷 sī, bā | 濕北 sih, pah | 實拔 si̍h, ba̍h |

### Liân-tha̍k piàn-hoà

Phô͘-chhân-ōe ê jī liân khí-lâi tha̍k ê sî-āu, siaⁿ-bó ia̍h-sī siaⁿ-tiāu ū khó-lêng ē hoat-seng piàn-hoà. Phô͘-chhân-ōe ê liân-tha̍k piàn-hoà ū liân-tha̍k piàn-siaⁿ (連讀變聲) kap liân-tha̍k piàn-tiāu (連讀變調) 2 khoáⁿ.

#### Liân-tha̍k piàn-siaⁿ

Nn̄g ê í-siōng ê Hàn-jī cho͘-sêng ê sû, thâu-chêng Hàn-jī ê ūn-boé kap āu-bīn Hàn-jī ê siaⁿ-bó ū khó-lêng hoat-seng piàn-hoà, chia hiān-siōng kiò-chò "liân-tha̍k piàn-siaⁿ". Kî-tiong, āu-bīn Hàn-jī ê siaⁿ-bó siū kàu Thâu-chêng Hàn-jī ūn-boé ê éng-hióng hoat-seng piàn-hoà kiò-chò "sūn-tông-hoà" (順同化) ia̍h-sī "siaⁿ-bó lūi-hoà" (聲母類化). Hoán koè-lâi, thâu-chêng Hàn-jī ê ūn-boé siū kàu āu-bīn Hàn-jī siaⁿ-bó ê éng-hióng hoat-seng piàn-hoà kiò-chò "ge̍k-tông-hoà" (逆同化).

Ē-kha sī Phô͘-chhân-ōe liân-tha̍k piàn-siaⁿ ê kui-lu̍t:

| lūi-pia̍t | thâu-chêng jī ūn-boé | āu-bīn jī siaⁿ-bó | Liân-tha̍k piàn-siaⁿ | thâu-chêng jī ūn-boé (si̍t-chè tha̍k-im) | āu-bīn jī siaⁿ-bó (si̍t-chè tha̍k-im) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ⅰ | bú-im ūn-boé | /p/, /pʰ/ | → | *bô piàn-hoà* | /β/, /ɣ/ |
| /t/, /tʰ/, /ts/, /tsʰ/, /ɬ/ | /l/ |
| /k/, /kʰ/, /h/ | /ɣ/ |
| /m/, /n/, /l/, /ŋ/, lêng-siaⁿ-bó (/ʔ/) | *bô piàn-hoà* |
| Ⅱ | phīⁿ-im ūn-boé (/-ŋ/) | /p/, /pʰ/ | /-m/ | /m/ |
| /t/, /tʰ/, /ts/, /tsʰ/, /l/, /ɬ/ | /-n/ | /n/, *bô piàn-hoà* |
| /k/, /kʰ/, /h/, lêng-siaⁿ-bó (/ʔ/) | *bô piàn-hoà* | /ŋ/ |
| /m/、/n/、/ŋ/ | /-m/、/-n/、/-ŋ/ | *bô piàn-hoà* |
| Ⅲ | ji̍p-siaⁿ ūn-boé (/-ʔ/) | /p/, /pʰ/, /m/ | /-p̚/ | *bô piàn-hoà* |
| /t/, /tʰ/, /ts/, /tsʰ/, /ɬ/, /l/, /n/ | /-t̚/ |
| /k/, /kʰ/, /ŋ/, /h/ | /-k̚/ |
| lêng-siaⁿ-bó (/ʔ/) | /-ʔ/ |

#### Liân-tha̍k piàn-tiāu

Nn̄g ê í-siōng ê Hàn-jī cho͘-sêng ê sû, choè-āu chi̍t ê Hàn-jī siaⁿ-tiāu thàu-té bē hoat-seng piàn-hoà; kî-thaⁿ Hàn-jī siaⁿ-tiāu khó-lêng ē siū-kàu āu-bīn chi̍t ê Hàn-jī ūn-bó ê éng-hióng hoat-seng piàn-hoà. Chia hiān-siōng kiò-chò "liân-tha̍k piàn-tiāu".

Ē-kha sī Phô͘-chhân-ōe nn̄g ê Hàn-jī ê sû liân-tha̍k piàn-tiāu ê kui-lu̍t:

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | **āu-bīn jī** |
| **im-piâⁿ (533)** | **iông-piâⁿ (13)** | **sióng-siaⁿ (453)** | **im-khì (42)** | **iông-khì (11)** | **im-ji̍p (21)** | **iông-ji̍p (4)** |
| **thâu-chêng jī** | **im-piâⁿ (533)** | 11(=iông-khì) | 13(=iông-piâⁿ) | 11(=iông-khì) |
| **iông-piâⁿ (13)** | 11(=iông-khì) | 55 | 42(=im-khì) | 11(=iông-khì) |
| **sióng-siaⁿ (453)** | 13(=iông-piâⁿ) | 11(=iông-khì) | 13(=iông-piâⁿ) | 11(=iông-khì) |
| **im-khì (42)** | 55 | 42(=im-khì) | 55 | 42(=im-khì) | 55 |
| **iông-khì (11)** | 11(=iông-khì) | 55 | 42(=im-khì) | 55 |
| **im-ji̍p (21)** | 4(=iông-ji̍p) |
| **iông-ji̍p (4)** | 21(=im-ji̍p) |
|   Liân-tha̍k sî-āu chiah ē chhut-hiān ê siaⁿ-tiāu. |

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

* 莆田市地方志编纂委员会 (2001). "卷四十三　方　言". *莆田市志* (ēng Hôa-gí). 方志出版社. ISBN 7-80122-669-0.
* 福建省地方志编纂委员会 (1998). "第三章 莆仙方言". *福建省志·方言志* (ēng Hôa-gí). 方志出版社. pp. 164–193. ISBN 7-80122-279-2.