Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Sai Au-chiu

Liân-ha̍p-kok jīn-tēng ê Au-chiu 4 khu-he̍k. (Chúi-sek sī Se-au) :
  Pak Au
  Se Au
  Tang Au
  Lâm Au
**Sai Au-chiu**, phó͘-thong ū kóng **Se Au** (西歐), sī kóng Au-chiu ê sai-pòaⁿ-pō͘, biān-chek iok 500-bān pêng-hong kong-lí, chiàm Au-chiu ê chi̍t pòaⁿ chó-iū. Si̍p-koàn siōng, chit khu koh ē-sái hūn chò Pak Au, Se Au, Lâm Au 3 pō͘-hūn. Chit khu tī Au-A Tāi-lio̍k sai-pō͘, Tāi-se-iûⁿ tang-hōaⁿ, tōa pō͘-hūn tī pak-ūi 35° chì 60°, sio̍k pak un-tài.

Hia̍p-gī siōng kóng Au-chiu sai-pō͘ kīn-óa Tāi-se-iûⁿ ê tē-khu kap hù-kīn tó-sū, pau-hâm Eng-lân, So͘-kat-lân, Ài-ní-lân, Hô-lân, Pí-lī-sî, Lô͘-sim-pó, Hoat-lân-se. Tī léng-chiàn sî-kî thong-siông mā kā Au-chiu chu-pún-chú-gī kok-ka kiò Se Au.

## Liân-ha̍p-kok ê tēng-gī

* Andorra
* Ò-tē-lī
* Hô-lân
* Sūi-se
* Tek-kok
* Hoat-kok
* Pe̍k-ní-gī
* Monaco
* Liechtenstein
* Luxembourg
# Bismarck (North Dakota)

|  |
| --- |
| **Bismarck** |
| Bismarck |
| Keng-hūi-tō͘: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kok-ka
 | Bí-kok
 |
| Chiu
 | North Dakota
 |
| **Bīn-chek** |
|  - Chhī-khu
  | 71.0 km2 |
|  - Thó͘-tē |
69.7 km2 |
|  - Chúi-bīn |
1.3 km2 |
| **Koân-tō͘** |
514 m |
| **Jîn-kháu** (2007) |
|  - Chhī-khu | 62,840 lâng |
|  - Bi̍t-tō͘ |
797.4/km2 |
|  - To͘-chhī-khian | 107,719 |

**Bismarck** sī Bí-kok North Dakota ê siú-hú kap tē-2 toā ê siâⁿ-chhī, pâi tī Fargo āu-piah.
# Steiermark Chiu

Steiermark tī Ò-tē-lī ê ūi-tì
**Steiermark** sī Ò-tē-lī bīn-chek tē-2 toā, jîn-kháu tē-4 chē ê liân-pang-chiu. Piⁿ-á kî-thaⁿ ê liân-pang-chiu ū Kärnten, Salzburg, Oberösterreich, Niederösterreich kap Burgenland. Slovenia Kiōng-hô-kok tiàm tī i ê lâm-pêng. Siú-hú sī Graz.
# Nelly Sachs

Nelly Sachs 1966
**Nelly Sachs** (1891 nî 12 goe̍h 10 ji̍t – 1970 nî 5 goe̍h 12 ji̍t) sī Tek-kok ê bûn-ha̍k-ka, 1966 nî ê Nobel Bûn-ha̍k Chióng ê ti̍t-chióng-jîn.
# Tek-kok ê kūn

Tek-kok ê hêng-chèng-khu hun-kip.
**Kūn** (Tek-gí: *Landkreis* he̍k-chiá *Kreis*) sī Tek-kok ê hêng-chèng-khu tan-ūi.

Lēng-goā Schleswig-Holstein kap Nordrhein-Westfalen nn̄g-ê tē-khu, sī sú-iōng "*Kreis*".

## Chham-oa̍t

* Tek-kok ê hêng-chèng-khu
	+ Tek-kok ê liân-pang-chiu
	+ Tek-kok ê hêng-chèng koán-khu
	+ Tek-kok ê kong-siā
* Arrondissement
# Dyggve

|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Dyggve |  |

 |
| *Sūi-tián ê Kok-ông* |
| Sūi-tián ê Kok-ông |
| Chêng-jīm | Domar |
| Kè-jīm | Dag den vise |
|  |
| Ông-sek | Yngling |
| Chhut-sì | 1 sè-kí |
| Kòe-sin | 3 sè-kí |

**Dyggve** (1 sè-kí – 3 sè-kí) sī Sūi-tián ê kok-ông.
# Tan-be̍h krone

| Tan-be̍h krone |
| --- |
| dansk krone
donsk króna
danskit koruuni |
| ISO 4217 |
| Jī-bú tāi-bé | DKK |
| Sò͘-jī tāi-bé | 208 |
| Chí-sò͘ | 2 |
| Gia̍h-bīn |
| pó͘-chō͘ tan-ūi (khah sè) |  |
|  1/100 | øre |
| ho̍k-sò͘ | kroner |
|  øre | øre (tan-sò͘ kap ho̍k-sò͘) |
| Kì-hō | kr. |
| Gîn-phiò | 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 kroner |
| Gîn-kak-á | 50-øre, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 kroner |
| Thóng-kè |
| Sú-iōng-chiá | **Tan-be̍h**  Greenland  Faroe Kûn-tó |
| Hoat-hêng |
| Tiong-iong gîn-hâng | Tan-be̍h Kok-ka Gîn-hâng |
|  Bāng-chām | www.nationalbanken.dk |
| Phêng-kè |
| Thong-hòe phòng-tiòng | 0.6% (tī Tan-be̍h) |
|  Chu-liāu | 2013-08 |
| ERM |  |
|  chū | 1979 nî 3 goe̍h 13 ji̍t​ (1979-03-13)  |
|  € = | 7.46038 kr. |
|  Piàn-tōng hok-tō͘ | 2.25% |

**Tan-be̍h krone** (丹麥--, Tan-be̍h-gí: danske kroner) sī Tan-be̍h ê koaⁿ-hong hoè-pè, kì-jīn sī DKK.

## Hoē-lu̍t

|  taⁿ ê DKK ê hoē-lu̍t |
| --- |
| Google Finance: | AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY TWD USD |
| Yahoo! Finance: | AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY TWD USD |
| XE.com: | AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY TWD USD |
| OANDA: | AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY TWD USD |
| fxtop.com: | AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY TWD USD |

## Chù-kha

## Chham-khó
# Im-chat chú-im

**Im-chat chú-im** (Eng-gí: *syllabic consonant*) sī chí ē-tàng ka-tī chò chi̍t-ê im-chat ê chú-im, pí-lūn Hō-ló-ōe *m* kap *ng* toh sǹg sī im-chat chú-im.
# Marseille

|  |
| --- |
| **Marseille** |
| —  Commune  — |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  **Kî-á** |  **Hui-kì** |

 |
| MarseilleMarseille tī Hoat-kok ê tāi-lio̍k ūi-tì |
| Keng-hūi-tō͘: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kok-ka
  |  Hoat-kok
 |
| Toā-khu
 | Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
 |
| Koān
 | Bouches-du-Rhône
 |
| Kūn
 |  |

**Marseille** sī ūi-tī Hoat-kok Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur toā-khu Bouches-du-Rhône koān ê chi̍t ê *commune*, mā sī Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur ê siú-hú.

## Tē-lí

Tī Marseille ê sì-ûi ū Allauch, Aubagne, Cassis, La Penne-sur-Huveaune, Les Pennes-Mirabeau, Plan-de-Cuques, Le Rove, Septèmes-les-Vallons, kap Simiane-Collongue téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.

## Jîn-kháu

| Nî-tō͘ | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2007 | 2012 | 2013 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Jîn-kháu | 889,029 | 908,600 | 874,436 | 800,550 | 798,430 | 852,395 | 852,516 | 855,393 |
| Bi̍t-tō͘ (jîn-kháu/km²) | 3,694.7 | 3,776.1 | 3,634.1 | 3,327.0 | 3,318.2 | 3,542.5 | 3,543.0 | 3,555.0 |

## Chham-khó

* "Commune de Marseille (13055) - Dossier complet". *INSEE*. 2016-06-14 khòaⁿ--ê.

## Liân-kiat

* Bāng-chām

 *Che sī chi̍t phiⁿ kap **Bouches-du-Rhône** tē-lí siong-koan ê phí-á-kiáⁿ. Chhiáⁿ tàu khok-chhiong.*
# Se-keng 150-tō͘ sòaⁿ

**Se-keng 150-tō͘ sòaⁿ** (西經150度線) sī pún-chho͘ chú-ngó͘-sòaⁿ hiòng tang 150-tō͘ ê chi̍t-tiâu keng-sòaⁿ.

## Keng-kòe ê só͘-chāi

## Siong-koan

* Se-keng 149-tō͘ sòaⁿ
* Se-keng 151-tō͘ sòaⁿ
# Se-keng 15-tō͘ sòaⁿ

**Se-keng 15-tō͘ sòaⁿ** (西經15度線) sī pún-chho͘ chú-ngó͘-sòaⁿ hiòng tang 15-tō͘ ê chi̍t-tiâu keng-sòaⁿ.

## Keng-kòe ê só͘-chāi

## Siong-koan

* Se-keng 14-tō͘ sòaⁿ
* Se-keng 16-tō͘ sòaⁿ
# Tong-keng 40-tō͘ sòaⁿ

**Tong-keng 40-tō͘ sòaⁿ** (東經40度線) sī pún-chho͘ chú-ngó͘-sòaⁿ hiòng tang 40-tō͘ ê chi̍t-tiâu keng-sòaⁿ.

## Keng-kòe ê só͘-chāi

## Siong-koan

* Tong-keng 39-tō͘ sòaⁿ
* Tong-keng 41-tō͘ sòaⁿ
# Se-keng 170-tō͘ sòaⁿ

**Se-keng 170-tō͘ sòaⁿ** (西經170度線) sī pún-chho͘ chú-ngó͘-sòaⁿ hiòng tang 170-tō͘ ê chi̍t-tiâu keng-sòaⁿ.

## Keng-kòe ê só͘-chāi

## Siong-koan

* Se-keng 169-tō͘ sòaⁿ
* Se-keng 171-tō͘ sòaⁿ
# Googolplex

G∞golplex ê piáu-sī.
Gogolplex í su-tsik ê hîng-sik sóo pian-siá ê.(ISBN 978-0-9900072-0-3; ISBN 978-0-9900072-1-0)
**Googolplex** (ing-gú: Googolplex) iōng phóo-thong ê 10 tsìn-tsè piáu-sī-huat sóo siá tshut--lâi ê; tsiū sī 10googol, 1-ê googol tio̍h-sī 10100 tshú-hong ê lîng, iah tio̍h-sī kóng, 10 ê googol tshú-hong sóo tsoo-sîng ê.

## Sòo-jī piáu-sī

### Googolplex

1 googolplex
= 10googol
= 10(10100)
= 1010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
### Googolplexian

Tsi̍t-ê googolplexian tio̍h-sī 1 kah googolplex ê 0|lîng; hi̍k-tsiá 10 ê googolplex tshú-hong.

 WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_0
## Li̍k-sú

Tī 1920-nî, Edward Kasner 9-huè ê ti̍t-á Milton Sirotta tshòng-tsō googol tsi̍t-sû, tsik sī 10100, jiân-āu thê-tshut koh-khah tsìn-tsi̍t-pōo ê su̍t-gú googolplex uî "1, jiân-āu sī 0, it-ti-kàu lí bú kah tsiânn thiám".] Kasner kuat-tīng tshái-iōng king-tsìng-sik ê tīng-gī, in-uī "bô kāng-khuán ê lâng teh bô kâng ê sî-kan ē kám-kak siān-tauh-tauh, Carnera íng-uán bô-huat-tōo tsiânn-tsò pí Einstein phok-sū koh-khah hó ê sòo-ha̍k-ka, in-uī i-ū koh-khah tsē ê nai-li̍k lî-tshiánn ē-sái siá koh-khah tn̂g ê sî-kan". Iû-í tshú bi̍k ê tsiann kiat-ha̍p-sìng, googolplex in-tshú piau-tsún-huà uî 10(10100) = 1010100.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-ua̍t

* Graham's number
* Names of large numbers
* Orders of magnitude (numbers)
* Skewes's number
* On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences
* Mathematics Genealogy Project
* Mathematics and the Imagination
* Simon & Schuster
* 2016–2021 literary phishing thefts
* İstanbul ki-tiûⁿ

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* The dictionary definition of *googolplex* at Wiktionary

* Googolplex Written Out (Eng-gí)
* WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_2 (Eng-gí)
* googolplex at PlanetMath. (Eng-gí)
* Padilla, Tony; Symonds, Ria. "Googol and Googolplex". *Numberphile*. Brady Haran. goân-loē-iông tī 29 March 2014 hőng khó͘-pih. 6 April 2013 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)

template:Large numbers
# Halley Tn̂g-bóe-chhiⁿ

Halley Tn̂g-boé-chheⁿ, 1986 nî 3 goe̍h 6 ji̍t.
**Halley Tn̂g-boé-chheⁿ**, thian-bûn-ha̍k piān-hō **1P/Halley**, sī chi̍t lia̍p té chiu-kî ê tn̂g-boé-chheⁿ, sio̍k Thài-iông-hē ê chi̍t hūn-chú, bí 75 kàu 76 nî ē-sái tī Tē-kiû téng khoàⁿ tio̍h. Pún chheⁿ ê miâ sī tùi thian-bûn-ha̍k-ka Edmond Halley hō--ê, i khak-jīn liáu Halley chheⁿ ê chiu-kî-sèng.

Halley sī î-it ē-táng tùi Tē-kiû ēng jio̍k-gán koan-chhat ê té chiu-kî tn̂g-boé-chheⁿ, mā sī kî-tiong î-it lâng tī it-seng lāi ū khó-lêng khoàn tio̍h nn̄g pái ê chi̍t lia̍p. Tī jîn-lūi ê le̍k-sú lāi-bīn, ū chin chē pái tùi Halley ê kì-lio̍k, siāng-chá tī kong-goân-chêng 240 nî he̍k-chiá chêng 466 nî tio̍h ū chū-liāu.

Chit lia̍p chheⁿ lî hiān-chāi siāng kīn chi̍t pái chhut-hiān tī loē Thài-iông-hē (Hóe-chheⁿ óa lāi) sī 1986 nî, āu chi̍t pái chiàu chiu-kî sī 2061 nî. Tī 1986 nî ê sî-chūn, sī Halley thâu chi̍t kái siū tio̍h siōng-sè ê koan-chhat kap gián-kiù, hō͘ tn̂g-boé-chheⁿ ê kò͘-chō kap tn̂g-boé seⁿ-sêng ê ki-chè siū tio̍h chhián-bêng.

## Chham-khó
# Luzern

|  |
| --- |
| **Luzern** |
|

|  |
| --- |
|  **Hui-kì** |

 |
| Luzern |
| Keng-hūi-tō͘: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kok-ka
 | Sūi-se
 |
| Chiu
 | Luzern
 |
| **Bīn-chek** |
|  - Lóng-chóng
  | 24.15 km2 |
| **Koân-tō͘** |
436 m |
| **Jîn-kháu** (2007) |
|  - Lóng-chóng | 58,381 lâng |
|  - Bi̍t-tō͘ |
2,417.4/km2 |

**Luzern** sī Sūi-se Luzern Chiu ê siú-hú kap siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī.
# 375 Ursula

Ursula| Hō-bé | 375 |
| Kúi-tō iàu-sò͘ |
| Kúi-tō tn̂g pòaⁿ-kèng (*a*) | 3.1236386 AU |
| Lī-sim-lu̍t (*e*) | 0.10590158 |
| Pêng-kin kīn-tiám-kak (*M*) | 189.0317066º |
| Kheng-siâ-kak (*i*) | 15.94277º |
| Seng-kau-tiám n̂g-keng (*Ω*) | 336.57103º |
| Kīn-ji̍t-tiám ín-sò͘ (*ω*) | 342.14623º |
| Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k te̍k-sèng |
| Choa̍t-tùi téng-kip (H) | 7.47 |

**375 Ursula** sī chi̍t-lia̍p sió-he̍k-chheⁿ.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat

* 375 Ursula ê sò͘-kì (Eng-gí)
* Sió-he̍k-chheⁿ 375 Ursula ê kúi-tō (Eng-gí)

 *Che sī chi̍t phiⁿ sió-he̍k-chheⁿ ê phí-á-kiáⁿ. Chhiáⁿ tàu khok-chhiong.*
# Kiat-chiⁿ-ha̍k

**Kiat-chiⁿ-ha̍k** (Eng-gí: *crystallography*) sī chi̍t khoán si̍t-giām-sèng ê kho-ha̍k, gián-kiù goân-chú tī kiat-chiⁿ kò͘-thé lāi-té ê pâi-lia̍t chêng-hêng.

Kiat-chiⁿ-ha̍k sī ēng-lâi thàm-thé hun-chú kò͘-chō ê ha̍k-būn. Tōa hun-chú ê kiat-chiⁿ-ha̍k gián-kiù ē sú-iōng phì-jû X-kng-sòaⁿ téng ki-su̍t.
# Hóe-chheⁿ Cheng-chhat Kúi-tō-ki

Oē-ka sióng-siōng tī Hoé-chheⁿ kúi-tō ê MRO
NASA ê Hóe-chheⁿ Cheng-chhat Kúi-tō-ki (Eng-gí: *Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter*, **MRO**) sī 1 tâi cheng-chhat Hoé-chheⁿ ê to-iōng-tô͘ thài-khong-chûn, tī 2005 nî 8 goe̍h 12 hoat-siā, 2006 nî 3 goe̍h 10 chìn-ji̍p Hoé-chheⁿ kúi-tō. I ê bo̍k-tek sī beh siông-sè koan-chhat Hoé-chheⁿ piáu-bīn, thang pang-chān kéng bī-lâi jīm-bū ê lo̍h-tē tē-tiám, siâng-sî mā beh thê-kiong hit-koá jīm-bú ko-sok chu-liāu thoân-sàng ê ho̍k-bū. Àn-sǹg ē se̍h Hoé-chheⁿ 4~5 tang kú.

MRO sī tē 4 tâi kàu-ūi koh ū teh oa̍h-tāng ê jîn-chō oē-chheⁿ. Nā pau-koah piáu-bīn ê thàm-hiám-khì sī tē 6 tâi.

## Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat

* NASA ê MRO chām
* JPL ê MRO chām
* ILS information for launch vehicle AV-007
# Âng-gōa-sòaⁿ

Ēng tiong âng-goā-soàⁿ hip ê kaú-á. (sek-tī ū choán-oāⁿ--koè)
**Âng-gōa-sòaⁿ** (infrared) tiāⁿ kán-siá **IR**, sī 1 chióng tiān-chû-pho, i ê pho-tn̂g khah tn̂g khoàⁿ-ū-kng, khah té bô-soàⁿ-tiān-pho (radio wave). Khoàⁿ-ū-kng pho-tn̂g siōng tn̂g ê sek sī âng-sek, âng-goā-soàⁿ pho-tn̂g phēng âng-sek koh khah tn̂g, m̄-chiah hō chit hō miâ. Âng-goā-soàⁿ ê pho-tn̂g iok-liōng ùi 750 nm kaù 1 mm.
# Gale (îⁿ-khut)

**Gale** sī Hóe-chheⁿ téng ê ún-se̍k-khut, só͘-chāi tī Hóe-chheⁿ keng-hūi-tō͘ ﻿ / ﻿ tē-tiám, ùi Aeolis sù-kak (*Aeolis quadrangle*) tē-khu ê sai-pak-pō͘. Pún khut ti̍t-kēng 154 kong-lí khoah, chiau ko͘-sǹg khó-lêng ū 3.5 kàu 3.8 cha̍p-ek nî kú. Hō-miâ ê lâi-goân sī Walter Frederick Gale, Ò-chiu ê thian-bûn-ha̍k-ka.
# 2 goe̍h 21 ji̍t

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| << | **2 goe̍h** | >> |
|

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| LP | P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | P5 | P6 |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
| 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

 |
| 2026 nî--ê ji̍t-chì |

**2 goe̍h 21 ji̍t**, ia̍h sī kóng **2 goe̍h 21 hō**, sī Gregorius Le̍k-hoat lāi-bīn chi̍t tang ê tē 52 kang, lī nî-té iáu ū 313 kang (lūn-nî314 kang).

## Cheh-ji̍t

## Sū-kiāⁿ

* 1339 nî: Lodrisio Visconti kap Milan phah Parabiago Chiàn-tò͘.
* 1429 nî: Hoat-lân-se Ông-kok kiam So͘-kat-lân Ông-kok, chham Eng-lân Ông-kok hoat-seng Un-hî Chiàn-tò͘ (*Battle of the Herrings*).
* 1613 nî: Lō͘-se-a soán-kí Mikhail 1-sè chò sin ê sa-hông, kiàn-li̍p Romanov Ông-tiâu.
* 1848 nî: Karl Marx kap Friedrich Engels chhut-pán *Kiōng-sán Tóng Soan-giân*.
* 1921 nî: Reza Shah hoat-tōng chèng-piàn, chū-chheng shah, kiàn-li̍p Pahlavi Ông-tiâu.
* 1970 nî: Swissair 330 Hâng-pang siū chà-tān kong-kek liáu-āu sit-khì khòng-chè sit-sū, hui-ki téng 47 lâng lóng bô oa̍h.
* 1972 nî: Bí-kok chóng-thóng Richard Nixon kàu Tiong-kok hóng-būn, che sī Bí-kok chóng-thóng thâu hoê hóng-būn Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok.

## Chhut-sì

* 1933 nî – Nina Simone, Bí-kok im-ga̍k-ka.
* 1941 nî – Leo Suryadinata, Ìn-nî ha̍k-chiá.
* 1945 nî – Maurice Bembridge, Bí-kok soaⁿ-kiû-chhiú.
* 1946 nî – Alan Rickman, Eng-lân ián-oân.
* 1955 nî – Kelsey Grammer, Bí-kok ián-oân.
* 1971 nî – Khó-lo̍k-ông, Tâi-oân bān-ōe-ka.
* 1983 nî – Mélanie Laurent, Hoat-kok ián-oân.
* 1985 nî – Larysa Bakurova, Tâi-oân model.
* 1986 nî – Jessica McNamee, Ò-chiu ián-oân.
* 1989 nî – Corbin Bleu, Bí-kok koa-chhiú.
* 1992 nî – Daniel Kosakowski, Bí-kok the-ní-suh-chhiú.
* 1993 nî – Davy Klaassen, Hô-lân kha-kiû-oân.
* 1996 nî – Sophie Turner, Eng-lân ián-oân.

## Kòe-sin

* 1513 nî – Kàu-hông Iulius 2-sè.
* 1730 nî – Kàu-hông Benedictus 13-sè.
* 1846 nî – Ninkô Thian-hông.
* 1894 nî – Gustave Caillebotte, Hoat-kok ōe-ka.
* 1899 nî – George Bowen, Hiong-káng Chóng-tok.
* 1930 nî – Ahmad Shah Qajar, Pho-su ê Shah.
* 1965 nî – Malcolm X, Bí-kok siā-hōe ūn-tōng-chiá.
* 1984 nî – Michail Aleksandrovič Šolochov, Lō͘-se-a chok-ka.
* 1985 nî – John G. Trump, Bí-kok kang-têng-su.
* 1989 nî – Márai Sándor, Hông-gâ-lī chok-ka.
* 1993 nî – N̂g Tiōng-him, Tâi-oân im-ga̍k-ka.

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
# Sai Hui-chiu

**Se Hui-chiu** sī Hui-chiu se-pêng ê khu-he̍k.

## Kok-ka

* Benin
* Burkina Faso
* Cabo Verde
* Côte d'Ivoire
* Gambia
* Ghana
* Guinea
* Guinea-Bissau
* Liberia
* Mali
* Mauritania
* Niger
* Nigeria
* Senegal
* Saint Helena (Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok ê)
* Sierra Leone
* Chad
* Togo
# Ìn-tō͘-iûⁿ

|  |
| --- |
| **Tē-kiû ê 5 Tōa-iûⁿ:** |
| * Ìn-tō͘-iûⁿ
* Lâm-ke̍k-iûⁿ
* Pak-ke̍k-iûⁿ
* Tāi-se-iûⁿ
* Thài-pêng-iûⁿ
 |

**Ìn-tō͘-iûⁿ** sī choân sè-kài tē-3-tōa ê hái-iûⁿ. I chiàm tē-kiû 20% ê bīn-chek. Í-pak sī Lâm A-chiu, sai-pêng sī A-la-pek poàn-tó hām Hui-chiu, tang-pêng sī Má-lâi poàn-tó, Sunda-tó, Australia, lâm-pêng sī Lâm-ke̍k-iûⁿ.
# Piau-chún-gí

**Piau-chún-gí** (標準語), mā hō-chò **piau-chún hong-giân** (標準方言), sī chi̍t chióng giân-gí ê chèng-kui, ēng chèng-kui ê gí-hoat kap chèng-kui ê hoat-im. Tī kong-khai ê tiûⁿ-ha̍p kóng-ōe, thong-siông ē sú-iōng piau-chún-gí, in-ūi chi̍t-kóa gōa-tē lâng m̄-bat chāi-tē ê hong-giân. Keng-kòe piau-chún-hòa ê hong-giân chiū-sī piau-chún-gí, hām jīm-hô tē-khu hong-giân bô-kāng.

## Siong-koan

* Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân
* Kok-gí
* Bûn-gí

## Chham-khó
# Monterey (California)

|  |
| --- |
| **Monterey** |
| —  **Chng-thâu (city)**  — |
| Monterey ê kéng-sek
 |
|

|  |
| --- |
|  **Kî-á** |

 |
| Monterey só͘-chāi-tô͘ ê uī-tìMonterey só͘-chāi-tô͘ |
| MontereyMonterey tī Bí-kok California ê ūi-tì |
| Keng-hūi-tō͘: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kok-ka
 |  Bí-kok
 |
| Chiu
 | California
 |
| Kūn
 | Monterey
 |
| **Chèng-hú** |
|  - Lūi-hêng | city |
| **Bīn-chek** |
|  - Lóng-chóng
  | 21.9 km2 |
| **Koân-tō͘** |
8 m |
| **Jîn-kháu** |
|  - Lóng-chóng | 28,803 lâng |
|  - Bi̍t-tō͘ |
1,315.2/km2 |

**Monterey** sī Bí-kok California chiu Monterey kūn ê chi̍t ê chng-thâu (*city*).

## Tē-lí

Tī pún só͘-chāi sì-ûi ê tē-hng ū Sand City.

## Liân-kiat

* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām

 *Che sī chi̍t phiⁿ koan-î Bí-kok California Chiu tē-lí ê phí-á-kiáⁿ. Chhiáⁿ tàu khok-chhiong.*
# Bí-kok lio̍k-kun iû-kî-peng ha̍k-hāu

| Bí-kok lio̍k-kun iû-kî-ping ha̍k-hāu |
| --- |
| An instructor explains abseiling to his students as part of Ranger School training, April 2009 |
| Uá-tang kî-kan | 1950–bo̍ktsiân |
| Kok-ka |  Bí-kok |
| Lē-sio̍k |  Bí-kok Lio̍k-kun |
| Hîng-thài | Kun-sū hùn-liān |
| Tsit-lîng | Ti̍k-tsióng ki-lîng hùn-liān |
| Siōng-kip |  Bí-kok lio̍k-kun pōo-ping ha̍k-hāu, Khong-kàng kah iû-kî-ping hùn-liān iâñ |
| Tsù-kun/ Chóng-pō͘ | Bí-kok Georgia Moore pó |
| Tsō-iū-bîng | "Rangers lead the way" "Iû-kî-ping tshuā-lōo" |
| Kì-tsiong |
| Ranger Tab awarded upon graduation |  |
| Shoulder sleeve insignia of the Airborne and Ranger Training Brigade |  |
| Unit flash of the Airborne and Ranger Training Brigade and its 4th, 5th, and 6th Ranger Training Battalions |  |

**Bí-kok lio̍k-kun iû-kî-ping ha̍k-hāu** (U.S. Army Ranger School) sī tsi̍t-mn̂g uî-kî 62 kang ê Bí-kok lio̍k-kun sió pōo-tuī tsiàn-su̍t kah líng-tō-li̍k khò-tîng; tsú-iàu ê tsong-tsí teh puê-ióng kah pōo-tuī ti̍t-tsiap siong-kuan ê kong-lîng ki-lîng, tsia--ê pōo-tuī ê jīm-bū sī teh kīn kū-lî tsiàn-tàu kah ti̍t-tsiap hué-li̍k tsiàn-tàu tang-tiong kah ti̍k-lîn kau-tsiàn. Iû-kî-ping hùn-liān tī 1950-nî 9-gue̍h teh Georgia Benning pó (tsit-má kiò-tsò Moore pó) kiàn-li̍p. Uì sîng-li̍p í-lâi, iû-kî-ping khò-tîng kiông beh bô piàn-huà. It-ti̍t kàu tsuè-kīn, tse-sī tsi̍t-ē uî-kî 8-tsiu ê khò-tîng, hun-tsò 3-ê kai-tuāñ. Khò-tîng bo̍k-tsiân uî-kî 61 kang, hun-tsò 3-ê kai-tuāñ: Benning kai-tuāñ, suañ-tē kai-tuāñ kah tâm-tsuí-tē kai-tuāñ.

## Tsù-kái

## Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn

* Lock, John (2005). *The Coveted Black and Gold: A Daily Journey Through the U.S. Army Ranger School Experience*. Arizona: Fenestra Books. ISBN 978-1-58736-367-2.
* "First Graduating Class". *Fort Benning*. United States Army. goân-loē-iông tī 13 March 2013 hőng khó͘-pih. 19 March 2010 khòaⁿ--ê.

## Tsham-ua̍t

* Ranger Assessment and Selection Program
* Recondo School
* United States Army Air Assault School
* United States Army Airborne School
* United States Army Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leaders Course

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* Media related to United States Army Ranger School at Wikimedia Commons
* Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām
* US Army Ranger Training Manuals Archived 2016-03-30 at the Wayback Machine.
# Choi Kyu-hah

| Choi Kyu-hah |
| --- |
| 최규하 |
|  |
|  |
| Tāi-hân Bîn-kok Chóng-thóng |
| **Jīm-kî** 1979 nî 10 goe̍h 26 ji̍t – 1980 nî 8 goe̍h 16 ji̍t |
| Chêng-jīm | Park Chung-hee |
| Kè-jīm | Chun Doo-hwan |
| Tāi-hân Bîn-kok Chóng-lí |
| **Jīm-kî** 1975 nî 12 goe̍h 18 ji̍t – 1979 nî 12 goe̍h 12 ji̍t |
| Chêng-jīm | Kim Jong-pil |
| Kè-jīm | Shin Hyun-hwak |
|  |
| Kò-jîn chu-sìn |
| Chhut-sì | 1919 nî 7 goe̍h 16 ji̍t(1919-07-16) Ji̍t-pún léng Tiâu-sián Wonju |
| Kòe-sin | 2006 nî 10 goe̍h 22 ji̍t (87 hòe) Tāi-hân Bîn-kok Seoul |
| Chhiam-miâ |  |

**Choi Kyu-hah** (최규하/崔圭夏; 1919 nî 7 goe̍h 16 ji̍t – 2006 nî 10 goe̍h 22 ji̍t) sī Tāi-hân Bîn-kok ê tē-10-jīm chóng-thóng, jīm-kî sī 1979 nî 12 goe̍h 6 ji̍t kàu 1980 nî 8 goe̍h 16 ji̍t.
# Tiâu-sián Bîn-chú-chú-gī Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok

Tiâu-sián** ū kî-tha ê ì-sù, chhiáⁿ-khoàⁿ: Tiâu-sián (Khu-pia̍t-ia̍h)*

| Tiâu-sián Bîn-chú-chú-gī Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok조선민주주의인민공화국 |
| --- |
|
kok-kî

kok-hui

 |
| **Chu-kù:**강성대국 "Kiông-sēng toā kok" |
| **Kok-koa:** 애국가 "Ài-kok-koa"  |
|  |
| Siú-to͘ kap siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī | P'yŏngyang |
| Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân | Tiâu-sián-gí |
| Chèng-hú | tan-it-chè, Chú-thé Su-sióng, it-tóng-chè, Siā-hōe-chú-gī, choân-thé-chú-gī |
|  |
| • Kok-bū Úi-oân-hōe Úi-oân-tiúⁿ  | Kim Jong-un (mā sī Tiâu-sián Lô-tōng Tóng tē 1 su-kì) |
| • Choè-ko Jîn-bîn-hōe-gī Siông-úi-hōe Úi-oân-tiúⁿ  | Choe Ryong-hae |
| • loē-koh chóng-lí  | Kim Tok-hun |
| • Choè-ko Jîn-bîn-hōe-gī Gī-tiúⁿ  | Pak In-chol |
|  |
| Li̍p-hoat ki-kò͘ | Choè-ko Jîn-bîn-hōe-gī |
| Bīn-chek |
| • Lóng-chóng | 120,540 km2 (46,540 sq mi) (tē 97 miâ) |
| • Chúi-he̍k (%) | 0.11 |
| Jîn-kháu |
| • 2023 nî kó͘-kè | 26,072,217 (tē 54 miâ) |
| • 2008 nî phó͘-cha | 24,052,231 |
| • Bi̍t-tō͘ | 212/km2 (549.1/sq mi) (tē 45 miâ) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2015 nî kó͘-kè |
| • Lóng-chóng | $40 cha̍p-ek |
| • Pêng-kin | $1,800 |
| GDP (bêng-gī) | 2019 nî kó͘-kè |
| • Lóng-chóng | $16 cha̍p-ek |
| • Pêng-kin | $640 |
| Hoè-pè | Tiâu-sián Won (₩) (KPW) |
| Sî-khu | UTC+9 (PYT) |
| Sî-kan keh-sek | yy, yyyy년 mm월 dd일 yy, yyyy/mm/dd (AD–1911 / AD) |
| Khui-chhia hong-hiòng | iū |
|  tiān-oē khu-hō | +850 |
| ISO 3166 tāi-hō | KP |
| Siōng-téng domain | .kp |

**Tiâu-sián Bîn-chú-chú-gī Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok** (Tiâu-sián-gí: 조선민주주의인민공화국; hàn-jī: 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國; lô-má-jī: Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk), mā thang kiò chò **Pak Tiâu-sián** (北朝鮮) ia̍h-sī **Pak Hân** (北韓), ūi tī A-chiu tang-pō͘ Tiâu-sián Pòan-tó pak-pêng ê kok-ka. I ê pak-pêng kap Tiong-kok, Lō͘-se-a sio-chiap. Lâm-pêng sī Tāi-hân Bîn-kok.

## Hêng-cheng Tan-ūi

Pak Tiâu-sián ê hêng-cheng tan-ūi hun-choh Ti̍t-hat-chhī (직할시), Te̍k-pia̍t-chhī (특별시), Te̍k-kip-chhī (특급시), Te̍k-khu (특구) , kap Tō (도).

* Ti̍t-hat-chhī ū 1-ê:
	+ P'yŏngyang Ti̍t-hat-chhī (평양직할시)
* Te̍k-pia̍t-chhī ū 2-ê:
	+ Namp'o Te̍k-pia̍t-chhī (남포특별시)
	+ Rasŏn Te̍k-pia̍t-chhī (라선특별시)
* Te̍k-kip-chhī ū 1-ê:
	+ Kaesŏng Te̍k-kip-chhī (개성특급시)
* Te̍k-khu ū 3-ê:
	+ Kaesŏng Kang-gia̍p Tē-khu (개성공업지구)
	+ Kŭmgangsan Kok-chè Koan-kong Te̍k-pia̍t-khu (금강산국제관광특별구)
	+ Sinŭiju Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu (신의주특별행정구)
* Tō ū 9-ê:
	+ P'yŏng'an Pak-tō (평안북도)
	+ P'yŏng'an Lâm-tō (평안남도)
	+ Hwanghae Pak-tō (황해북도)
	+ Hwanghae Lâm-tō (황해남도)
	+ Hamgyŏng Pak-tō (함경북도)
	+ Hamgyŏng Lâm-tō (함경남도)
	+ Kangwŏn Tō (강원도)
	+ Chagang Tō (자강도)
	+ Ryanggang Tō (량강도)

## Chù-kái
# Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bió-im

| Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im |
| --- |
| ɔ |
|

| tô͘ |
| --- |
|  |

 |
| IPA pian-hō | 306 |
| pian-bé |
| HTML bé cha̍p-chìn-ūi | `&#596;` |
| Unicode cha̍p-la̍k-chìn-ūi | U+0254 |
| X-SAMPA Im-piau | `O` |
| ASCII Im-piau | `O` |
| siaⁿ-im |
|  |

| IPA ê bú-im |
| --- |
|

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | chêng | chhù chêng | iong | chhù āu | āu |
| **pì** |

|  |
| --- |
| i • y
ɨ • ʉ
ɯ • u
ɪ • ʏ
ɪ̈ • ʊ̈
ɯ̽ • ʊ
e • ø
ɘ • ɵ
ɤ • o
e̞ • ø̞
ə
ɤ̞ • o̞
ɛ • œ
ɜ • ɞ
ʌ • ɔ
æ
ɐ
a • ɶ
ä
ɑ • ɒ |

 |
| chhù pì |
| poàn pì |
| **tiong** |
| poàn khai |
| chhù khai |
| **khai** |

 |
| Paired vowels are: unrounded • rounded |
| This table contains phonetic symbols, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] |
|

---

IPA help • IPA key • chart •  chart with audio • view |

**Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im** sī chi̍t chióng bú-im.

Bân-lâm-gí Pe̍h-oē-jī lāi-té ê "o͘" tha̍k che im.

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* List of languages with [ɔ] on PHOIBLE
# 15 sè-kí

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| **Sè-kí:** | 14 sè-kí · **15 sè-kí** · 16 sè-kí |
| **Nî-tāi:** | 1400 nî-tāi 1410 nî-tāi 1420 nî-tāi 1430 nî-tāi 1440 nî-tāi 1450 nî-tāi 1460 nî-tāi 1470 nî-tāi 1480 nî-tāi 1490 nî-tāi |

**15 sè-kí** (XV sè-kí) sī tùi 1401 nî kàu 1500 nî chia̍h ê 100 tang.

Tī Au-chiu, 15 sè-kí sī tī Āu-kî Tiong-sè kiam Chá-kî Bûn-gē-ho̍k-heng kap Chá-kî hiān-tāi chi kan.

Tī A-chiu, Bêng-tiâu mā tng phài Tēⁿ Hô hiòng hái-gōa hoat-tián.

Tī Hui-chiu, I-su-lân-kàu tng heng.

Tī Bí-chiu, Inca Tè-kok kap Aztec bûn-bêng lâi kàu in ê choa̍t-téng sî-kî.

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
# Ko-lê-jī Ji̍t

**Ko-lê-jī Ji̍t**, Hân-kok-ōe kóng *Hangeulnal* (한글날), sī Hân-kok (10 goe̍h 9 ji̍t) kiam Pak Tiâu-sián (1 goe̍h 15 ji̍t) ê kok-ka kì-liām ji̍t, sī kì-liām Ko-lê-jī ê hoat-bêng, ia̍h tio̍h sī 15 sè-kí ê sî Sè-chong Tāi-ông só͘ hoat-pò͘ ê Hùn-bîn Chèng-im. Pún ji̍t tī 2013 nî hông Hân-kok siat chò sī kok-tēng chiat-ji̍t.