Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Twitch

**Twitch** sī chi̍t-ê streaming pêng-tâi, só͘-iú-chiá sī Twitch Interactive, sī Amazon ê chú-kong-si. In tāi-seng sī 2011 nî chóng-ha̍p-sèng ê Justin.tv lēng-gōa khui ê chām, chú-iāu hông stream sńg gém ê kòe-têng.

Twitch āu-bé soah pí i goân-lâi ê Justin.tv kēng-ka liû-hêng. Tī 2013 nî 10 goe̍h ê sî, ū koan-chiòng 45 pah-bān.
# 1443 nî

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| **chhian-liân-kí:** | **2 chhian-liân-kí** |
| **sè-kí:** | 14 sè-kí | **15 sè-kí** | 16 sè-kí |
| **cha̍p-nî-kí:** | 1410 nî-tāi | 1420 nî-tāi | 1430 nî-tāi | **1440 nî-tāi** | 1450 nî-tāi | 1460 nî-tāi | 1470 nî-tāi |
| **nî:** | 1438 nî | 1439 nî | 1440 nî | 1441 nî | 1442 nî | **1443 nî** | 1444 nî | 1445 nî | 1446 nî | 1447 nî | 1448 nî |

**1443 nî tī kî-thaⁿ le̍k-hoat**| Kan-chi | Jîm-sut nî — *kàu* — Kùi-hāi nî |
| Gregorius le̍k | 1443 nî MCDXLIII |
| Julius le̍k | pí Gregorius le̍k chá 9 kang |
| Hu̍t-le̍k | 1987 nî |
| Tō-kàu-le̍k | 4140 nî |
| Hoê-le̍k | 847~848 |
| Hông-kì | 2103 nî |
| Tân-kì | 3776 nî |
| Hi-pek-lâi-le̍k | 5203~5204 |
| Se-chōng-le̍k | iông chúi káu *(chu pho khyi)* — *kàu* — im chúi ti *(chu phag mo)* |
| Hindu le̍k |  |
| - *Vikram Samvat* | 1498 – 1499 |
| - *Shaka Samvat* | 1365 – 1366 |
| Iran le̍k | 821 – 822 |
| Runic le̍k | 1693 |
| Assyria le̍k | 6193 nî |
| Ethiopia le̍k | 1437~1438 |

**1443 nî** tī Julius Le̍k-hoat lāi-bīn sī chi̍t ê pêng-nî, thâu kang sī pài-jī.

## Liân-hō

* Tāi-bêng-kok: Chèng-thóng (正統) 8 nî
* Ji̍t-pún (Muromati sî-tāi): Ka-kiat (嘉吉) 3 nî
* Tāi-oa̍t-kok (Oa̍t-lâm): Tāi-hô (大和) goân nî

## Tang A-chiu kun-chú kì-goân

* Tāi-bêng-kok: Eng-chong (英宗) 8 nî
* Tiâu-sián-kok: Sè-chong (世宗) 25 nî
* Tāi-oa̍t-kok (Oa̍t-lâm): Hiō Lê Tiâu Jîn-chong (仁宗) goân nî
* Liû-kiû-kok: Siōng Tiong Ông (尚忠王) 4 nî

## Sū-kiāⁿ

* 7 goe̍h 22 ji̍t: Kū Sūi-sū Pang-liân kap Zurich kiam Sîn-sèng Lô-má Tè-kok phah St. Jakob an der Sihl Chiàn-tò͘.

## Kok-ka léng-tō-chiá

## Chhut-sì

* 12 goe̍h 5 ji̍t: Kàu-hông Iulius 2-sè, Hoat-kok Thian-chú-kàu sîn-hū. Kàu-hông. 1513 nî kòe-sin.

## Kòe-sin

* 8 goe̍h 16 ji̍t: Asikaga Yosikatu, Ji̍t-pún samurai. 1434 nî chhut-sì.

### Bô ji̍t-kî

* Zeami, Ji̍t-pún ián-oân. 1363 nî chhut-sì.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
# Auckland

**Auckland** sī New Zealand Pak Tó ê siâⁿ-chhī, sī hit kok chiàu to͘-hōe-khu lâi sǹg siōng chē jîn-kháu ê tē-hng, to͘-hōe-khu lāi ū 1,628,900 lâng (2018 nî 6 goe̍h).
# Friedrich 2-sè (Phó͘-ló͘-se)

Friedrich 2-sè
**Friedrich 2-sè** (*Friedrich II.*, 1712 nî 1 goe̍h 24 ji̍t - 1786 nî 8 goe̍h 17 ji̍t) sī Phó͘-ló͘-se Ông-kok tùi 1740 nî kàu 1786 nî ê kok-ông. I mā-sī Mark Brandenburg ê Friedrich 4-sè.
# Charleston (South Carolina)

|  |
| --- |
| **Charleston** |
|  |
| Charleston |
| Keng-hūi-tō͘: ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Kok-ka
 | Bí-kok
 |
| Chiu
 | South Carolina
 |
| **Bīn-chek** |
|  - Chhī-khu
  | 376.5 km2 |
|  - Thó͘-tē |
361.2 km2 |
|  - Chúi-bīn |
44.3 km2 |
| **Koân-tō͘** |
4 m |
| **Jîn-kháu** (2008) |
|  - Chhī-khu | 126,567 (est.) lâng |
|  - Bi̍t-tō͘ |
384.7/km2 |
|  - To͘-chhī-khian | 720,695 |

**Charleston** sī Bí-kok South Carolina tē-2 toā ê siâⁿ-chhī, pâi tī Columbia āu-piah.
# 305 nî

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| **chhian-liân-kí:** | **1 chhian-liân-kí** |
| **sè-kí:** | 3 sè-kí | **4 sè-kí** | 5 sè-kí |
| **cha̍p-nî-kí:** | 270 nî-tāi | 280 nî-tāi | 290 nî-tāi | **300 nî-tāi** | 310 nî-tāi | 320 nî-tāi | 330 nî-tāi |
| **nî:** | 300 nî | 301 nî | 302 nî | 303 nî | 304 nî | **305 nî** | 306 nî | 307 nî | 308 nî | 309 nî | 310 nî |

**305 nî tī kî-thaⁿ le̍k-hoat**| Kan-chi | Kap-chú nî — *kàu* — It-thiú nî |
| Gregorius le̍k | 305 nî CCCV |
| Julius le̍k | pí Gregorius le̍k chá 1 kang |
| Hu̍t-le̍k | 849 nî |
| Tō-kàu-le̍k | 3002 nî |
| Hoê-le̍k | 327 BH~326 BH |
| Hông-kì | 965 nî |
| Tân-kì | 2638 nî |
| Hi-pek-lâi-le̍k | 4065~4066

  |
| Hindu le̍k |  |
| - *Vikram Samvat* | 360 – 361 |
| - *Shaka Samvat* | 227 – 228 |
| Iran le̍k | -317 – -316 |
| Runic le̍k | 555 |
| Assyria le̍k | 5055 nî |
| Ethiopia le̍k | 299~300 |

**305 nî** tī Julius Le̍k-hoat lāi-bīn sī chi̍t ê pêng-nî, thâu kang sī pài-it.

## Liân-hō

* Se Chìn: Éng-heng (永興) 2 nî
* Sêng Hàn: Kiàn-heng (建興) 2 nî
* Chiân Tiō: Goân-hi (元熙) 2 nî

## Tang A-chiu kun-chú kì-goân

* Se Chìn: Hūi-tè (惠帝) 16 nî
* Sin-lô: Ki-lîm Nî-su-kim (基臨泥師今) 8 nî
* Ko-kù-lê: Bí-chhoan-ông (美川王) 6 nî
* Pek-chè: Pí-liû-ông (比流王) 2 nî

## Sū-kiāⁿ

## Kok-ka léng-tō-chiá

## Chhut-sì

## Kòe-sin

* 1 goe̍h 21 ji̍t: Lô-má ê Agnes. 291 nî chhut-sì.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu
# Latvia

| Latvia Kiōng-hô-kokLatvijas Republika |
| --- |
|
kok-kî

kok-hui

 |
| **Kok-koa:** Dievs, svētī Latviju! "Siōng-tè pó-iū Latvia!"  |
|  |
| Siú-to͘ kap siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī | Riga |
| Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân | Latvia-gí |
| Chèng-hú | tan-it-chè, gī-hoē-chè, kiōng-hô-kok |
|  |
| • chóng-thóng  | Egils Levits |
| • chóng-lí  | Krišjānis Kariņš |
| • Saeima gī-tiúⁿ  | Ināra Mūrniece |
|  |
| Li̍p-hoat ki-kò͘ | Saeima |
| Bīn-chek |
| • Lóng-chóng | 64,589 km2 (24,938 sq mi) (tē 122 miâ) |
| • Chúi-he̍k (%) | 2.09 |
| Jîn-kháu |
| • 2020 nî kó͘-kè | 1,907,675 (tē 147 miâ) |
| • 2011 nî phó͘-cha | 2,070,371 |
| • Bi̍t-tō͘ | 29.6/km2 (76.7/sq mi) (tē 147 miâ) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2021 nî kó͘-kè |
| • Lóng-chóng | $63.539 cha̍p-ek |
| • Pêng-kin | $33,393 |
| GDP (bêng-gī) | 2021 nî kó͘-kè |
| • Lóng-chóng | $37.720 cha̍p-ek |
| • Pêng-kin | $19,824 |
| Gini (2019 nî) |  35.2 tiong |
| HDI (2019 nî) |  0.866 chin ko · tē 37 miâ |
| Hoè-pè | Euro (€) (EUR) |
| Sî-khu | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Hā-sî-kan (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Sî-kan keh-sek | dd.mm.yyyy |
| Khui-chhia hong-hiòng | iū |
|  tiān-oē khu-hō | +371 |
| ISO 3166 tāi-hō | LV |
| Siōng-téng domain | .lv |

**Latvia Kiōng-hô-kok** (Latvia-gí: Latvijas Republika) tī Au-chiu tang-pak-pō͘, sī saⁿ-ê Baltic Kok-ka kî-tiong chi̍t-ê kok-ka.
# Netflix

Netflix, Inc.|  |
| Screenshot [tián-khui]
tóng-àn:Netflix - English.jpgScreenshot of Netflix's English website in 2019 |
| Kong-si lūi-hêng | Public |
| Bāng-chām lūi-hêng | OTT streaming platform |
| gí-giân |
lia̍t-toaⁿ[tián-khui]
* Arabic (Egyptian and Modern Standard)
* Chinese (Cantonese and Mandarin)
* Croatian
* Czech
* Danish
* Dutch
* English (American and British)
* Filipino (content only)
* Finnish
* French
* German
* Greek
* Hebrew
* Hindi
* Hungarian
* Indonesian
* Italian
* Japanese
* Kannada
* Korean
* Malay
* Malayalam
* Norwegian (Bokmål)
* Polish
* Portuguese (Brazilian and European)
* Romanian
* Russian
* Serbian (content only)
* Spanish (European and Latin American)
* Swedish
* Tamil
* Telugu
* Thai
* Turkish
* Ukrainian
* Urdu (content only)
* Vietnamese
 |
| Kó͘-phiò tāi-hō | * NASDAQ: NFLX
* Nasdaq-100 component
* S&P 100 component
* S&P 500 component
 |
| Sêng-li̍p | 1997 nî 8 goe̍h 29 ji̍t​ (1997-08-29)  in Scotts Valley, California, U.S. |
| Chóng-pō͘ | Los Gatos, California, U.S. |
| Gia̍p-bū hoān-ûi | Worldwide (excluding Mainland China, Russia, North Korea and Syria) |
| Chhòng-li̍p-chiá | * Reed Hastings
* Marc Randolph
 |
| Tāi-piáu jîn-bu̍t | * Reed Hastings (Chairman, Co-CEO)
* Ted Sarandos (Co-CEO, CCO)
* Greg Peters (COO, CPO)
 |
| Sán-gia̍p | Technology & Entertainment industry, mass media |
| Sán-phín | * Streaming media
* Pay television
* Video on demand
 |
| Ho̍k-bū | * Film production
* Film distribution
* Television production
* Television distribution
 |
| Êng-gia̍p-gia̍h |  US$29.7 billion (2021) |
| Operating income |  US$6.195 billion (2021) |
| Net income |  US$5.116 billion (2021) |
| Chóng chu-sán |  US$44.585 billion (2021) |
| Total equity |  US$15.849 billion (2021) |
| Oân-kang | 12,135 (2021) |
| Pō͘-mn̂g | * US Streaming
* International Streaming
* Domestic DVD
 |
| Chú-kong-si | * DVD Netflix (dvd.netflix.com)
* Millarworld
* LT-LA
* Albuquerque Studios
* Netflix Pictures
* Netflix Studios
* Netflix Animation
* StoryBots, Inc.
* Grauman's Egyptian Theatre
* Broke and Bones (stake)
* Roald Dahl Story Company
* Night School Studio
* Netflix Pty Ltd
* Scanline VFX
* Next Games
* Boss Fight Entertainment
* Animal Logic (pending)
 |
| Bāng-chí | www.netflix.com |
| Chù-chheh | Required |
| Sú-iōng-chiá |  220.7 million (paid; Chia̍t-chí 2022 nî 6 goe̍h 30 ji̍t (2022-06-30) |
|  |

**Netflix, Inc.** sī Bí-kok ê ngô͘-lo̍k kong-si, 1997 nî 8 goe̍h 29 ji̍t tī California sêng-li̍p. In goân-té sī choan-bûn tī thê-kiong streaming mûi-thé, sòaⁿ-téng VOD, kap DVD chhut-cho͘ kià-sàng ho̍k-bū. 2013 nî in khai-sí hoat-tián sòaⁿ-téng hòng-sàng, chè-chok tiān-iáⁿ kap tiān-sī chiat-bo̍k.

## Tsù-kái

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

* Netflix  – official site
* Business data for Netflix:
	+ Google Finance
	+ Yahoo! Finance
	+ Bloomberg
	+ SEC filings
# Sin-lô

576 nî ê Sam-kok kap Ji̍t-pún.
**Sin-lô** (Hân-kok-gí: 新羅 / 신라 *Silla*) sī khiā tī Tiâu-sián Poàn-tó ê kó͘-chá kok-ka. Nā chiàu *Sam-kok-sú-kì* ê kì-chài, Sin-lô li̍p-kok 992 nî, sī A-chiu le̍k-sú siōng-kài kú-tn̂g ê kok-ka.

Sin-lô tī 532 nî siau-bia̍t Ka-iâ, kap Ko-kù-lê hām Pek-chè kè-sio̍k tùi-khòng. 660 nî, kap Tông liân-ha̍p siau-bia̍t Pek-chè; 668 nî, koh kah Tông liân-ha̍p siau-bia̍t Ko-kù-lê. Lô-Tông chiàn-cheng liáu-āu, Sin-lô thóng-it Tāi-tông-kang lâm-pîng ê só͘-chāi.

Āu--lâi tī 9 sè-kí ê sî-chūn, thóng-it ê Sin-lô iū-koh hun-chò 3-tè.

## Kok-ông
# Whole Foods Market

tóng-àn:Whole Foods Market in Boston (26766294205).jpgBoston ê Whole Foods Market
**Whole Foods Market** sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t keng si̍t-phín chhiau-kip chhī-tiûⁿ.
# Kau-ōaⁿ-só͘

**Kau-ōaⁿ-só͘** (Eng-gí: *exchange*) sī ū-cho͘-chit ê chhī-tiûⁿ, choan-bûn tī chèng-koàn, siong-phín, gōa-kok-gîn kau-ōaⁿ, kî-hoè, kap option ê bé-bē.

## Siong-koan

* Chèng-kǹg kau-e̍k-só͘
# A-chiu Sù-siáu-liông

A-chiu Sù-siáu-liông
**A-chiu Sù-siáu-liông** (亞洲四小龍; pe̍h-ōe-im: **A-chiu Sì-sió-lêng**; Eng: *Four Asian Tigers*) he̍k-chiá **A-sè-a Sù-siáu-liông** (亞細亞四小龍) sī 4 ê chū 1970 nî-tāi khai-sí khoài-sok hoat-tián ê A-chiu keng-chè-thé, pau-hâm Hân-kok, Tâi-oân, Hiong-káng iáu-koh-ū Sin-ka-pho. Chit 4 ê A-chiu keng-chè-thé tī 1970 chì 1990 nî-tāi, keng-chè ê hoat-tián khoài-sok sêng-tióng; tī che chìn-chêng, in-ê sán-gia̍p lóng sī lông-gia̍p kap kheng-kang-gia̍p ûi-chú. In lī-iōng se-hong sian-chìn kok-ka hiòng hoat-tián-tiong kok-ka choán-î kāu-kang-hêng sán-gia̍p ê ki-hōe, khip-ín gōa-kok tāi-liōng ê chū-kim kap ki-su̍t, lī-iōng pún-tē sio̍k-kè ê lô-tōng-le̍k iu-sè, phòe-ha̍p keng-chè chèng-chhek ê chè-tēng kap tiâu-chéng, chhiok-chìn keng-chè ê sêng-kong hoat-tián. A-chiu Sù-siáu-liông sī A-chiu tē-khu, chiap-sio̍k tī Ji̍t-pún āu-piah ê sin-heng keng-chè-thé, iā sī keng-chè hoat-tián kap choán-hêng ê tián-hêng tāi-piáu.

## Siong-koan

* Hàn-kang kî-chek
* Tâi-oân kî-chek
# Mô͘ Te̍k-tong Su-sióng

**Mô͘ Te̍k-tong Su-sióng** sī Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng tùi Mô͘ Te̍k-tong thê-chhut ê só͘-ū lí-lūn su-sióng ê thóng-chheng.

## Koh khoàⁿ

* Jîn-bîn chiàn-cheng
* Saⁿ ê Sè-kài
* Bûn-hoà Tāi-kek-bēng
* Tēng Siáu-pêng Lí-lūn
* Saⁿ ê Tāi-piáu
* Kho-ha̍k Hoat-tián Koan
# Siong-gí

| Siong-gí |
| --- |
| 湘语 |
| Goân-chū kok-ka |  Tiong-kok |
| Sú-iōng tē-khu | Ô͘-lâm-séng tiong-pō͘ kap sai-lâm-pō͘; Kńg-sai Chòng-cho̍k Chū-tī-khu pak-pō͘; Kùi-chiu-séng kap Ô͘-pak-séng pō͘-hūn tē-khu |
| bú-gí sú-iōng-chiá | 38 pah-bān (2007) |
| Gí-hē | Hàn-Chōng gí-hē
* Hàn-gí-cho̍k
	+ **Siong-gí**
 |
| Bûn-jī hē-thóng | Hàn-jī |
| Gí-giân tāi-bé |
| ISO 639-3 | `hsn` |
| Glottolog | `xian1251` |
| Linguasphere | `79-AAA-e` |
|  |

**Siong-gí** (湘語), mā kiò choè **Ô͘-lâm-oē** (湖南話), sī 1 chióng gí-giân. Kòng chiah oē ê lâng chú-iàu hun-pò͘ tī Tiong-kok ê Ô͘-lâm-séng.
# Sagrada Família

Sagrada Família (2009 nî 9 goe̍h)
**Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família** it-poaⁿ kán-chheng **Sagrada Família**, sī Se-pan-gâ Barcelona ê chi̍t chō Thian-chú-kàu kiàn-tio̍k, goân siat-kè-chiá sī Antoni Gaudí. Sagrada Família tùi 1882 nî khí-chō, kàu hiān-sî iáu-bē oân-kang.

* Zerbst, Rainer (1988). *Antoni Gaudi — A Life Devoted to Architecture*. Trans. from German by Doris Jones and Jeremy Gaines. Hamburg, Germany: Taschen. ISBN 3-8228-0074-0.
* Nonell, Juan Bassegoda (2004). *Antonio Gaudi: Master Architect*. New York: Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-7892-0220-4.
* Crippa, Maria Antonietta (2003). Peter Gossel, pian. *Antoni Gaudi, 1852–1926: From Nature to Architecture*. Trans. Jeremy Carden. Hamburg, Germany: Taschen. ISBN 3-8228-2518-2.
* Schneider, Rolf (2004). Manfred Leier, pian. *100 most beautiful cathedrals of the world: A journey through five continents*. Trans. from German by Susan Ghyearuni and Rae Walter. Edison, New Jersey: Chartwell Books. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-7858-1888-5.
* AA.VV. (2001). Lunwerg, Barcelona, pian. *Modernisme i Modernistes*. ISBN 84-7782-776-1.
* Barral i Altet, Javier (2001.). L'isard, Barcelona, pian. *Art de Catalunya. Arquitectura religiosa moderna i contemporània*. ISBN 84-89931-14-3.
* Bassegoda i Nonell, Joan (1989). Ed. Ausa, Sabadell, pian. *El gran Gaudí*. ISBN 84-86329-44-2.
* Bassegoda i Nonell, Joan (2002). Criterio, Madrid, pian. *Gaudí o espacio, luz y equilibrio*. ISBN 84-95437-10-4.
* Bergós i Massó, Joan (1999). Ed. Lunwerg, Barcelona, pian. *Gaudí, l'home i l'obra*. ISBN 84-7782-617-X.
* Bonet i Armengol, Jordi (2001). Ed. Pòrtic, Barcelona, pian. *L'últim Gaudí*. ISBN 84-7306-727-4.
* Crippa, Maria Antonietta (2007). Taschen, Köln, pian. *Gaudí*. ISBN 978-3-8228-2519-8.
* Flores, Carlos (2002). Ed. Empúries, Barcelona, pian. *Les lliçons de Gaudí*. ISBN 84-7596-949-6.
* Fontbona, Francesc y Miralles, Francesc (1985). Ed. 62, Barcelona, pian. *Història de l’Art Català. Del modernisme al noucentisme (1888-1917)*. ISBN 84-297-2282-3. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
* Giralt-Miracle, Daniel (2002). Lunwerg, pian. *Gaudí, la busqueda de la forma*. ISBN 84-7782-724-9.
* Gómez Gimeno, María José (2006). Mundo Flip Ediciones, pian. *La Sagrada Familia*. ISBN 84-933983-4-9.
* Lacuesta, Raquele (2006). Diputació de Barcelona, Barcelona, pian. *Modernisme a l’entorn de Barcelona*. ISBN 84-9803-158-3.
* Navascués Palácio, Pedro (2000). Espasa Calpe, Madrid, pian. *Summa Artis. Arquitectura española (1808-1914)*. ISBN 84-239-5477-3.
* Permanyer, Lluis (1993). Ed. Polígrafa, Barcelona, pian. *Barcelona modernista*. ISBN 84-343-0723-5.
* Puig i Boada, Isidre (1986). Ed. Nou Art Thor, Barcelona, pian. *El temple de la Sagrada Família*. ISBN 84-7327-135-1.
* Tarragona, Josep Maria (1999). Ed. Proa, Barcelona, pian. *Gaudí, biografia de l’artista*. ISBN 84-8256-726-8.
* Van Zandt, Eleyearr (1997). Asppan, pian. *La vida y obras de Gaudí*. ISBN 0-7525-1106-8.
* Zerbst, Rainer (1989). Taschen, pian. *Gaudí*. ISBN 3-8228-0216-6.
# 4 goe̍h 9 ji̍t

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| --- | --- | --- |
| << | **4 goe̍h** | >> |
|

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| LP | P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | P5 | P6 |
|  |  |  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
| 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 |
| 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
| 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

 |
| 2026 nî--ê ji̍t-chì |

**4 goe̍h 9 ji̍t**, ia̍h sī kóng **4 goe̍h 9 hō**, sī Gregorius Le̍k-hoat lāi-bīn chi̍t tang ê tē 99 kang (lūn-nî tē 100 kang), lī nî-té iáu ū 266 kang.

## Cheh-ji̍t

## Sū-kiāⁿ

* 1241 nî: Bông-kó͘ Tè-kok kap Pho-lân téng kok phah Legnica Chiàn-tò͘.
* 1288 nî: Bông-kó͘–Đại Việt Chiàn-cheng: Đại Việt (Oa̍t-lâm) tī Bạch Đằng phah iâⁿ Goân-tiâu pō͘-tūi.
* 1388 nî: Sūi-se kap Ò-tē-lī hoat-seng Näfels Chiàn-tò͘.
* 1783 nî: Eng-kok kok-ông George 3-sè phoe-chún *Pa-lí Tiâu-iok*, Bí-kok To̍k-li̍p Chiàn-cheng kiat-sok.
* 1848 nî: Schleswig-Holstein kap Tan-kok hoat-seng Bov Chiàn-tò͘.
* 1865 nî: A-bí-lī-ka Liân-bêng-kok chiong-kun Robert E. Lee hiòng A-bí-lī-ka Ha̍p-chiòng-kok tâu-hâng, Lâm-pak Chiàn-cheng kiat-sok.
* 1940 nî: Tek-kok hoat-khí Drøbaksundet Chiàn-tò͘, chhim-lio̍k Lo̍k-ui-kok sit-pāi.
* 2011 nî: Alphen loān-thâi sū-kiāⁿ (Schietpartij in Alphen aan den Rijn), hâm chok-àn-chiá 7 lâng sí-bông.

## Chhut-sì

* 1283 nî – Margaret, So͘-kat-lân kok-ông.
* 1285 nî – Ayurbarwada, Bông-kó͘ Tè-kok ê khó-hān.
* 1821 nî – Charles Baudelaire, Hoat-kok si-jîn.
* 1883 nî – Mohammed Nadir Shah, Afghanistan kok-ông.
* 1918 nî – Jørn Utzon, Tan-be̍h kiàn-tio̍k-su.
* 1931 nî – Hironaka Heisuke, Ji̍t-pún sò͘-ha̍k-ka.
* 1933 nî – Jean-Paul Belmondo, Hoat-kok ián-oân.
* 1977 nî – Kawlo Iyun Pacidal, Tâi-oân chèng-tī-ka.
* 1984 nî – Adam Loewen, Ka-ná-tah iá-kiû-oân.
* 1985 nî – Yamasita Tomohisa, Ji̍t-pún ián-oân.
* 1989 nî – Tiuⁿ Hâm-ūn, Tiong-kok koa-chhiú.
* 1990 nî – Kristen Stewart, Bí-kok ián-oân.

## Kòe-sin

* 1483 nî – Edward 4-sè, Eng-lân kok-ông.
* 1626 nî – Francis Bacon, Eng-lân tiat-ha̍k-ka.
* 1790 nî – Mohammed ben Abdallah, Morocco ê sultan.
* 1872 nî – Al-Rashid, Morocco ê sultan.
* 1882 nî – Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Eng-lân si-jîn.
* 1889 nî – Michel-Eugène Chevreul, Hoat-kok hòa-ha̍k-ka.
* 1891 nî – Amalie Dietrich, Tek-kok phok-bu̍t-ka.
* 1959 nî – Frank Lloyd Wright, Bí-kok kiàn-tio̍k-su.

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
# Jawa

Java
**Jawa** (Eng bûn: Java), im e̍k **Jiáu-oa**, sī Ìn-nî kûn tó kî tiong 1 ê, siú-tō͘ Jakarta tiàm tī hia. Java sī thong sè kài jîn-kháu siōng chē ê tó sū, mā sī jîn-kháu bi̍t-tō͘ siōng koân ê 1 tah só͘ chāi. Java í chá sī Ìn-tō͘-kàu bûn-bêng hoat-ta̍t ê só͘ chāi, āu--lâi pìⁿ chiâⁿ Kē tē kok Tang Ìn-tō͘ sè le̍k ê tiong sim, hiān-chú-sî tī Ìn-nî kok lāi chiàm chèng tī keng-chè siōng ê iu sè tē ūi.

## Chham-khó
# Í-tāi-lī

| Í-tāi-lī Kiōng-hô-kokRepubblica Italiana |
| --- |
|
kok-kî

kok-hui

 |
| **Kok-koa:** Il Canto degli Italiani "Í-tāi-lī-lâng ê koa"  |
|  |
| Siú-to͘ kap siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī | Lô-má |
| Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân | Í-tāi-lī-gí |
| Chèng-hú | tan-it-chè, gī-hoē-chè, kiōng-hô-kok |
|  |
| • chóng-thóng  | Sergio Mattarella |
| • chóng-lí  | Mario Draghi |
| • Goân-ló-īⁿ gī-tiúⁿ  | Elisabetta Casellati |
| • Tāi-gī-īⁿ gī-tiúⁿ  | Roberto Fico |
|  |
| Li̍p-hoat ki-kò͘ | Gī-hoē |
| • Siōng-īⁿ | Goân-ló-īⁿ |
| • Hā-īⁿ | Tāi-gī-īⁿ |
| Bīn-chek |
| • Lóng-chóng | 301,340 km2 (116,350 sq mi) (tē 71 miâ) |
| • Chúi-he̍k (%) | 1.24 |
| Jîn-kháu |
| • 2020 nî kó͘-kè | 60,317,116 (tē 23 miâ) |
| • 2011 nî phó͘-cha | 59,433,744 |
| • Bi̍t-tō͘ | 201.3/km2 (521.4/sq mi) (tē 74 miâ) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2021 nî kó͘-kè |
| • Lóng-chóng | $2.610 bān-ek (tē 13 miâ) |
| • Pêng-kin | $43,376 (tē 29 miâ) |
| GDP (bêng-gī) | 2021 nî kó͘-kè |
| • Lóng-chóng | $2.106 bān-ek (tē 8 miâ) |
| • Pêng-kin | $34,997 (tē 25 miâ) |
| Gini (2019 nî) |  32.8 tiong |
| HDI (2019 nî) |  0.892 chin ko · tē 29 miâ |
| Hoè-pè | Euro (€) (EUR) |
| Sî-khu | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Hā-sî-kan (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Sî-kan keh-sek | dd/mm/yyyy yyyy-mm-dd (AD) |
| Khui-chhia hong-hiòng | iū |
|  tiān-oē khu-hō | +39 |
| ISO 3166 tāi-hō | IT |
| Siōng-téng domain | .it |

**Í-tāi-lī Kiōng-hô-kok** (以大利共和國), kū-miâ **Ì-kok** (意國), **Tāi-gī-kok** (大義國) (Italia, Í-tāi-lī-gí: Repubblica Italiana), Tâi-oân-ōe ū kóng **I-tá-lí-ah** (*Italia*), sī tī Au-chiu lâm-pêng ê kok-ka. I thó͘-tē chú-iàu sī iû Tē-tiong-hái tiong-ng chi̍t-ê hêng-chōng ná-chhiūⁿ tn̂g-tháng-hia ê poàn-tó kap hū-kīn ê tó-sū cho͘-sêng. Kî-tiong siōng-toā ê tó-sū sī Sicilia kap Sardegna. Piⁿ-á ê kok-ka ū Hoat-kok, Sūi-se, Ò-tē-lī, kap Slovenia. Ū nn̄g-ê kok-ka, San Marino kap Vaticano, oân-choân hō͘ Italia pau tī lāi-té.

Í-tāi-lī ū chham-ka Au-chiu Liân-bêng, mā ū iōng euro.

## Hêng-chèng-khu

## Chù-kha
# Hàn-jī Bûn-hòa-khoan

Hàn-jī Bûn-hoà-khoan ê hoān-ûi
**Hàn-jī Bûn-hoà-khoan** (Hàn-jī: 漢字文化圈; Ji̍t-pún-gí: 漢 (かん)字 (じ)文 (ぶん)化 (か)圏 (けん) *kanjibunkaken*; Hân-kok-gí: 한자 문화권 / 漢字文化圈 *hanja munhwagwon*; Oa̍t-lâm-gí: Vùng văn hóa chữ Hán / 塳文化𡨸漢), iā hō-chò **Tang A Bûn-hoà-khoan** (東亞文化圈), **Jû-ka Bûn-hoà-khoan** (儒家文化圈) kap **Tiong-hoâ Bûn-hoà-khoan** (中華文化圈), sī chi̍t ê tī le̍k-sú siōng siū-tio̍h Tiong-hoâ bûn-hoà ia̍h-sī Hàn bûn-hoà kiông-sè éng-hióng ê bûn-hoà-khoan. Tī chit-ê bûn-hoà-khoan lāi ê kok-ka kap tē-khu, tī koè-khì ia̍h-sī chit-má lóng bat kā Hàn-jī kap Hàn-bûn tòng-chò su-bīn-bûn sú-iōng. Chia-ê kok-ka kap tē-khu tī in-ê le̍k-sú siōng, it-poaⁿ mā ū it-tēng thêng-tō͘ siū-tio̍h Tiong-hoâ hoat-hē ê éng-hióng kap chi-pòe.
# Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio

Ottavio Leoni ōe ê Caravaggio.
**Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio** (1571 nî 9 goe̍h 29 ji̍t - 1610 nî 7 goe̍h 18 ji̍t), thong-chheng **Caravaggio**, sī Italia ê ōe-ka, Baroque hong-keh ê chhōa-thâu-lâng.
# Svalbard

Svalbard
**Svalbard** sī 1 cho͘ tiàm-tī Pak-ke̍k-iûⁿ ê kûn-tó, iok-liōng tī Lo̍k-ui kap Pak-ke̍k tiong-ng. Kî-tiong 3 ê tó ū toà lâng: Spitsbergen, Bjørnøya, Hopen. Siāng toā ê chū-lo̍k sī Longyearbyen.

Svalbard sī Lo̍k-ui Ông-kok teh koán-hat. Lo̍k-ui chèng-hú àn-sǹg khai 500 bān Bí-kim tiàm Spitsbergen ê soaⁿ-lāi khí 1 ê chéng-chí-khò͘ (seed bank), hō chò Svalbard Choân-kiû Chéng-chí-khò͘, lāi-bīn beh siu-chông 3-ek hūn chéng-chí kiàn-pún, bo̍k-tek sī beh khak-tēng sè-kài toā chai-lān hoat-seng liáu-āu, iáu ū chí thang chèng-choh .

## Ki-pún chu-liāu

* Ūi-tì: 76–81° N 10–35° E
* Bīn-chek: 61,022 km²

## Gōa-pō· liân-kiat

*  Archived 2007-07-02 at the Wayback Machine. (Eng-bûn, Lo̍k-ui-bûn)
# Sí-bông

*Kuoleman Puutarha*, Hugo Simberg, 1896.
**Sí**, ia̍h sī kóng **sí-bông**, sī Sèⁿ-miā-thé sit-khì chi-chhî i sèⁿ-miā ūn-choán ê seng-bu̍t kong-lêng. Chō-sêng sí-bông ê goân-in ū lāu-hoà, phòa-pēⁿ iah siū-siong, hông thâi--sí he̍k-chiá sī chū-sat, kiam iau--sí téng-téng.

Sí-bông it-poaⁿ sī lâng bô-ài ê tāi-chì, bīn-tùi ka-tī ia̍h pa̍t-lâng sí-bông sî-chūn lâng tiāⁿ hoán-èng kiaⁿ-hiâⁿ, khó-liân kap thòng-khó͘ téng khoán kám-chêng. Kok chióng bûn-hòa tùi kó͘-chá sî to̍h tùi sí-bông kap sèⁿ-miā tī sí-bông liáu-āu ê būn-tê ū chin chē siūⁿ-hoat.

Giân-gí tang-tiong tùi sí-bông ū chin chē khoán bô-kâng piáu-tat iōng-gí, nā tī Tâi-oân-ōe, **kòe-sin** kap **kòe-óng** sǹg khah phó͘-thong ê kóng-hoat.
# Lynn Margulis

Lynn Margulis (2005)
**Lynn Margulis** (1938 nî 3 goe̍h 5 ji̍t - 2011 nî 11 goe̍h 22 ji̍t) sī Bí-kok ê seng-bu̍t-ha̍k-ka. I pat chiam-tùi chin-hu̍t sè-pau ê khí-goân thê chhhut loē-kiōng-seng lí-lūn (*endosymbiotic theory*).

Margulis ùi Chicago chhut-sì, i āu-lâi tha̍k Chicago Tāi-ha̍k, 19 hōe sî kap Carl Sagan kiat-hun. 1965 nî i tī Berkeley California Tāi-ha̍k (University of California, Berkeley) theh tio̍h phok-sū.

## Chham-khó

* Bruce Weber. Lynn Margulis, Evolution Theorist, Dies at 73. *The New York Times*.
# Thih-khì Sî-tāi

Kó͘-chá Tiâu-sián ê Sin-lô-kok chè-chō ê thih-kah.
**Thih-khì Sî-tāi** sī jîn-lūi bûn-hòa hoat-tián ê chi̍t-ê kai-tōaⁿ. Tī Thih-khì Sî-tāi, jîn-lūi lī-iōng thih lâi chè-chō khì-khū. Chhin-chhiūⁿ Ji̍t-pún ê Yayoi Sî-tāi chham Tiong-kok ê Chiàn-kok Sî-tāi lóng-sī thih-khì bûn-hòa.

Tī khó-kó͘-ha̍k ê saⁿ-tāi-hoat lāi-bīn, Thih-khì Sî-tāi it-poaⁿ tòe-tī Chheⁿ-tâng Sî-tāi ê bóe-āu, jî-chhiáⁿ iàu-bô bêng-hián ê liáu-kiat, ū-kóa bûn-hòa koh hoat-tián-chhut liān-chè kǹg-thih ê ki-su̍t.
# Khong-ku

Se-goân 1 sè-kí sî-chūn ê Se-he̍k kok-ka.
**Khong-ku** (康居) sī kó͘-chá sî-tāi seng-oa̍h tī Tiong A-chiu tē-khu ê poàⁿ iû-bo̍k bîn-cho̍k. In-ê oa̍h-tāng hoān-ûi chù-iàu sī tī kin-á-ji̍t ê Kazakhstan lâm-pō͘ kap Syr Darya tiong-hā-iû ê só͘-chāi.
# Si̍t-phōe

Sè-kài si̍t-phōe hun-pò͘

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|   Peng-bo̍k
  Tòng-thó͘
  Taiga
  Un-tāi khoà-hio̍h
  Un-tāi chháu-po͘
  A-jia̍t-tāi ú-lîm |   Tē-tiong-hái
  kùi-hong lîm
  Soa-bo̍k
  Ta koàn-bo̍k
  Ta chháu-po͘
  Poàⁿ-soa-bo̍k |   Chháu savanna
  Chhiū savanna
  A-jia̍t-tāi ta lîm
  Jia̍t-tāi ú-lîm
  Ko-san tòng-thó͘
  Soaⁿ-tē lîm |

**Si̍t-phōe** (植被; Eng-gí: *vegetation*) sī chi̍t-ê khu-he̍k lāi si̍t-bu̍t ê chéng-thé seng-tióng lūi-hêng.

## Siong-koan

* Flora
* Si̍t-bu̍t kûn-lo̍h