Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Peng-tó-gí

**Peng-tó-gí** (*íslenska*) sī chi̍t khoán Pak German ê giân-gú, sī Peng-tó ê koan-hong gí-giân, ēng Lô-má-jī lâi su-siá, ū tāi-iok 32 bān í-siōng ê sú-iōng-chiá.
# Kó͘ Eng-gí

| Old English |
| --- |
| Englisċ Ænglisċ |
|  |
| Hoat-im | ang |
| Sú-iōng tē-khu | Eng-lân, So͘-kat-lân lâm-pêng kap tang-pêng |
| Bîn-cho̍k | Anglo-Saxon lâng |
| Gí-hē | Ìn-Au gí-hē
* Germanic
	+ West Germanic
		- North Sea Germanic
			* Anglo-Frisian
				+ Anglic
					- **Old English**
 |
| Chá-kî hêng-sek | Proto-Indo-European
* Proto-Germanic
 |
| Hong-giân | * Kentish
* Mercian
* Northumbrian
* West Saxon
 |
| Bûn-jī hē-thóng | Runic, later Latin (Old English alphabet) |
| Gí-giân tāi-bé |
| ISO 639-2 | `ang` |
| ISO 639-3 | `ang` |
| ISO 639-6 | `ango` |
| Glottolog | `olde1238` |
|

**Kó͘ Eng-gí** sī gí-giân-ha̍k tang-tiong tùi Eng-gí chá-kî hêng-sek ê chheng-ho͘, sī Sai German gí-giân ê hun-ki. Kó͘ Eng-gí chú-iàu sī ùi 5 sè-kí chì 12 sè-kí ê England kap Scotland lâm-pō͘ liû-thong, sú-iōng ê bîn-chok hō chò Anglo-Saxon.

Kó͘ Eng-gí ū sû-hêng piàn-hoà, hâm 5-ê kè (chú-kè, pin-kè, sio̍k-kè, ú-kè kap kang-khū-kè); tī jîn-chheng tāi-sû ū siang-sò͘ hêng, mā hun tan-sò͘ kap ho̍k-sò͘. Lēng-goā, só͘-ū ê bêng-sû lóng hun sèng-piat.

Tùi 9 sè-kí khai-sí, Kó͘ Eng-gí toā têng-tō͘ siū Kó͘ Norse-gí ê éng-hióng. 12 sè-kí liáu-āu, chìn-ji̍p Tiong-kó͘ Eng-gí ê sî-tāi.

## Siong-koan

* Eng-gí ê le̍k-sú

## Guā-pōo liân-kiat

Wikipedia
Wikipedia ū  Kó͘ Eng-gí ê pán-pún.

* Old English Discord server
* Old English/Modern English Translator
* Old English (Anglo-Saxon) alphabet
* Old English Letters Archived 2014-08-22 at the Wayback Machine.
* Downloadable Old English keyboard for Windows and Mac at the Wayback Machine (archived 23 June 2010)
* Another downloadable keyboard for Windows computers
* Guide to using Old English computer characters Archived 25 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine. (Unicode, HTML entities, etc.)
* The Germanic Lexicon Project
* An overview of the grammar of Old English at the Library of Congress (archived 16 November 2001)
* The Lord's Prayer in Old English from the 11th century (video link)
* Over 240 Old English poems are edited, annotated and linked to digital images of their manuscript pages, with modern translations, in the *Old English Poetry in Facsimile Project* :

Dictionaries
* Bosworth and Toller, *An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online*
* Old English – Modern English dictionary at the Wayback Machine (archived 2 July 2005)
* Old English Glossary at the Wayback Machine (archived 22 February 2012)
* Dictionary of Old English

Lessons
* Old English Online by Jonathan Slocum and Winfred P. Lehmann, free online lessons at the Linguistics Research Center at the University of Texas at Austin
* The Electronic Introduction to Old English at the Wayback Machine (archived 7 September 2015)
* *Old English Made Easy* at the Wayback Machine (archived 3 May 2009)
# Tek-gí

| Tek-gí |
| --- |
| Deutsch |
| Hoat-im | [dɔʏtʃ] |
| Goân-chū kok-ka | Tek-gí kok-ka |
| bú-gí sú-iōng-chiá | 95 pah-bān |
| Gí-hē | Ìn-Au gí-hē
* German gí-cho̍k
	+ Sai German gí-chi
		- Ko-tē Tek-gí
			* **Tek-gí**
 |
| Koaⁿ-hong tē-ūi |
| Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân |  Ò-tē-lī  Pe̍k-ní-gī  Tek-kok  Liechtenstein  Luxembourg  Sūi-se  Í-tāi-lī Bolzano Chū-tī Séng |
| Sêng-jīn ê chió-sò͘ gí-giân |  Pa-se (9 chū-tī-thé)  Chesko  Tan-be̍h (Syddanmark)  Hông-gâ-lī  Namibia  Pho-lân  Romania  Lō͘-se-a (Azovsky Nemetsky Kok-ka Koān)  Slovakia |
| Gí-giân tāi-bé |
| ISO 639-1 | `de` |
| ISO 639-2 | `ger (B)` `deu (T)` |
| ISO 639-3 | kok-chióng tāi-bé: `deu` – German `gmh` – Middle High German `goh` – Old High German `gct` – Colonia Tovar German `bar` – Bavarian `cim` – Cimbrian `geh` – Hutterite German `ksh` – Kölsch `nds` – Low German `sli` – Lower Silesian `ltz` – Luxembourgish `vmf` – Mainfränkisch `mhn` – Mòcheno `pfl` – Palatinate German `pdc` – Pennsylvania German `pdt` – Plautdietsch `swg` – Swabian German `gsw` – Swiss German `uln` – Unserdeutsch `sxu` – Upper Saxon `wae` – Walser German `wep` – Westphalian `hrx` – Riograndenser Hunsrückisch `yec` – Yenish |
| Glottolog | `high1289`  High German `fran1268`  Middle German `high1286`  Upper German |
| Linguasphere | `52-ACB–dl (Standard German) 52-AC (Continental West Germanic) 52-ACB (Deutsch & Dutch) 52-ACB-d (Central German) 52-ACB-e & -f (Upper and Swiss German) 52-ACB-h (émigré German varieties, including 52-ACB-hc (Hutterite German) & 52-ACB-he (Pennsylvania German etc.) 52-ACB-i (Yenish) Totalling 285 varieties: 52-ACB-daa to 52-ACB-i` |
|  |
| Tek-gí ê hun-pò͘  Co-official and majority language
  Co-official, but not majority language
  Statutory minority/cultural language
  Non-statutory minority language |

**Tek-gí** (德語; Tek-bûn: *Deutsch*), ia̍h-kiò **Tek-ì-chì-gí** (德意志語), **To̍k-it-gí** (獨乙語), **To̍k-e̍k-gí** (獨逸語), **To̍k-gí** (獨語), sī thong-hêng tī Tek-kok, Ò-tē-lī, Sūi-se, Pe̍k-ní-gī, Liechtenstein, kap Luxembourg ê koaⁿ-hong gí-giân, sio̍k-î Se German gí-cho̍k. *Deutsch* chit-ê sû lâi-chū Tiong-sè-kí Tek-gí-hē giân-gú ê jîn-bîn (*thioda*, hêng-iông-sû: *thiodisk*), ì-sù tio̍h sī "peh-sèⁿ kóng ê giân-gú".

## Siang-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ

* Sūi-se Tek-gí
* Ò-tē-lī Tek-gí

## Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat

Wikipedia
Wikipedia ū  Tek-gí ê pán-pún.

Wiktionary
Wiktionary ū  Tek-gí ê pán-pún.

 Wikibooks ū koan-hē **Tek-gí** ê kàu-châi kap soat-bêng-su.
# Sūi-tián-gí

Sūi-tián-gí ê hun-pò͘
**Sūi-tián-gí** (*svenska*) sī chi̍t khoán Pak German ê giân-gú, chú-iàu thong-hêng ê só͘-chāi sī Sūi-tián kap chi̍t-pō͘-hūn ê Hun-lân. Chit-khoán giân-gú kap Tan-be̍h-gí ia̍h Lo̍k-ui-gí ki-pún sio-thong.

Wikipedia
Wikipedia ū  Sūi-tián-gí ê pán-pún.
# Hô-lân-gí

O-lân-gí tī thong-sè-kài ê liû-thong chêng-hêng.
**Hô-lân-gí** (荷蘭語, *Nederlands*) á **O-lân-gí** (和-), Kē-tē-gí, sī chi̍t khoán Pak German ê giân-gú, sī tāi-io̍k 220 bān lâng ê chāi-tē giân-gú, tōa-hūn ê sú-iōng-chiá tī O-lân kap Pe̍k-ní-gī.

Tī Lâm-hui teh liû-thong ê Afrikaans-gí ê gôan-thâu mā-sī Hô-lân-gí.

## Miâ

Hô-lân-gí tī in chāi-tē ê kiò-hoat sī *Nederlands*, nā chiàu ì-sù sī **Kē-tē--ê**(-ōe), lēng-gōa tī kî-tiong koh ū chi̍t-ê khiuⁿ-kháu kiò *Hollands*, ì-sù sī "Holland--ê(-ōe)". Sui-jiân "Holland" sī lán-lâng kóng "O-lân", "Hô-lân" ê gí-goân, chóng-sī it-poaⁿ nā kóng tio̍h "O-lân-gí" ia̍h "Hô-lân-gí", sī chí choân-kok-sèng ê Kē-tē-gí.

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

## Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat

Wikipedia
Wikipedia ū  Hô-lân-gí ê pán-pún.
# Ji̍t-thâu nî

1 ê **Ji̍t-thâu nî** (*tropical year*) tō sī lán ùi Tē-kiû khoàⁿ Ji̍t-thâu se̍h n̂g-tō 1 lìn khai ê sî-kan. Cheng-khak ê sî-kan tio̍h khoàⁿ ùi toh 1 tiám khai-sí sǹg, lán phó͘-thong lóng sī ùi chhun-hun (*vernal equinox*) khí-sǹg, án-ne ê 1 ê Ji̍t-thâu nî tō sī **chhun-hun nî** (*vernal equinox year*); nā ēng só͘-ū ê tiám khí-sǹg chiah koh chhé-ûn, án-ne ê 1 ê Ji̍t-thâu nî tō sī **pêng-kin Ji̍t-thâu nî** (*mean tropical year*).
# Keng-tō͘

**Keng-tō͘** (Eng-gí: longitude) sī siat-sú tī kok só͘-chāi ūi chi̍t-tiâu sūn tē-kiû piáu-bīn lâm-pak-hiòng ê soàⁿ, hit-tiâu soàⁿ chi̍t-thâu sī Pak-ke̍k lēng-goā chi̍t-thâu sī Lâm-ke̍k, kok só͘-chāi chit-tiâu lâm-pak-hiòng ê soàⁿ oē-kah tī Eng-kok Greenwich thian-bûn-tâi só͘ ūi-chhut--lâi hit-tiâu lâm-pak-hiòng ê soàⁿ(prime meridian) tī Lâm-ke̍k kah pak-ke̍k lâi sio-phoa̍h, chit nn̄g-tiâu soàⁿ só͘ gia̍p-chhut--lâi hit-gê kak-tō͘.

Kok-chè kong-tēng tī Eng-kok Greenwich thian-bûn-tâi só͘ ūi-chhut--lâi hit-tiâu sūn tē-kiû piáu-bīn lâm-pak-hiòng ê soàⁿ sī 0-tō͘. Tē-kiû sī îⁿ-ê, phoah-pêng-bīn ê chiu-ûi chi̍t-se̍h sī 360-tō͘. Ti Greenwich thian-bûn-tâi hit-gê só͘-chāi khai-sí sǹg, hiòng-tang lâm-pak-hiòng ê soàⁿ lán kā-i kiò-chò "tang-keng", hiòng-sai lâm-pak-hiòng ê soàⁿ lán kā-i kiò-chò "sai-keng", tang-sai kok-ū 180-tō͘ oē tī Thài-pêng-iûⁿ lâi hoē-ha̍p.

## Siong-koan

* Hūi-tō͘
# Chú-ngó͘-sòaⁿ

Pún-chho͘ chú-ngó͘-sòaⁿ.
**Chú-ngó͘-sòaⁿ** (子午線; Eng-bûn: *meridian*), iā hō-chò **keng-sòaⁿ** (經線), sī liân-kiat tē-kiû lióng-ke̍k ê ká-sióng sòaⁿ; tô͘-tiong ē kap chhiah-tō iáu-ū hūi-sòaⁿ ti̍t-kak sio-chhé.

## Siong-koan

* Hūi-sòaⁿ
* Pún-chho͘ chú-ngó͘-sòaⁿ
# Ú-tiū

Ùi bu̍t-lí ê koan-tiám lâi kóng, **ú-tiū** sī só͘-ū tī-teh ê mi̍h ha̍p--khí-lâi ê choân-pō͘, mā sī só͘-ū ê sū-kiāⁿ hoat-seng ê khong-kan. Koan-chhat ē tio̍h ê pō͘-hūn hō chò **í-ti ú-tiū** (known universe), **koan-chhat ē tio̍h ê ú-tiū** (observable universe), ia̍h **khoàⁿ ē tio̍h ê ú-tiū** (visible universe). In-ūi ú-tiū khok-chhiong chō-chiâⁿ i toā-hūn tī lán koan-chhat bē tio̍h ê ūi, khah chē ú-tiū-ha̍k-ka tông-ì lán bô khó-lêng koan-chhat tio̍h ú-tiū ê choân-pō͘. Ú-tiū-ha̍k kā ú-tiū siūⁿ chò sī iú-hān ia̍h bû-hān ê sî-khong liân-sio̍k (space-time continuum), kî-tiong pau-hâm it-chhè ê mi̍h kap lêng-goân. Ū kho-ha̍k-ka ká-tēng chit ê ú-tiū hoān-sè sī pau-hâm chē-chē ú-tiū ê hē-thóng--ni̍h ê 1 ê; chit ê hē-thóng hō chò to-ú-tiū (multiverse).
# Thài-iông-hē

Thài-iông-hē
**Thài-iông-hē** (太陽系) (solar system) tō sī Ji̍t-thaû kap hiah-ê in-ūi tāng-la̍t koan-hē toè tī i piⁿ--á ê chheⁿ-thé (astronomical object). Chú-iàu sêng-oân ū Ji̍t-thaû, 8 lia̍p he̍k-chheⁿ (planet), kap 165 lia̍p oē-chheⁿ. Chhun--ê mā leh se̍h (orbit) Ji̍t-thaû--ê koh ū é-he̍k-chheⁿ (dwarf planet), sió-he̍k-chheⁿ (asteroid, planetoid), liû-chheⁿ (meteoroid), tn̂g-boé-chheⁿ (comet), kap he̍k-chheⁿ kan ê eng-ia (interplanetary dust).

Ùi 1930 kàu 2006 nî ū 9 lia̍p he̍k-chheⁿ; IAU tī 2006 nî 8 goe̍h 24 kā Mê-ông-chheⁿ ê tē-ūi kàng-ki̍p pìⁿ é-he̍k-chheⁿ, choaⁿ-á chhun 8 lia̍p.

## Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat

* NASA's Solar System Exploration site
* NASA's Solar System Simulator
* NASA/JPL Solar System main page
* Astronomical Enigma Mathematical Order in the orbits of the solar system.
* Solarviews
* Celestia Free 3D realtime space-simulation (OpenGL)
* The Nine Planets Comprehensive solar system site by Bill Arnett
* Planetary data
* Stars and Habitable Planets Archived 2008-10-01 at the Wayback Machine.
* Solar System An interactive planets animation (145 zoom steps and time effects)
* Timeline of solar system exploration Archived 2015-04-23 at the Wayback Machine.

| Thài-iông-hē |
| --- |
|  |
| **Chheⁿ:** Ji̍t-thâu |
| **He̍k-chheⁿ:** Chúi-chheⁿ | Kim-chheⁿ | Tē-kiû | Hóe-chheⁿ | Bo̍k-chheⁿ | Thó͘-chheⁿ | Thian-ông-chheⁿ | Hái-ông-chheⁿ |
| **É-he̍k-chheⁿ:** Ceres | Mê-ông-chheⁿ | Haumea | Makemake | Eris |
| **Sió-bu̍t-thé:** Sió-he̍k-chheⁿ | Hái-ông-chheⁿ goā chheⁿ-thé | Tn̂g-boé-chheⁿ |
| **Oē-chheⁿ:** Goe̍h-niû | Hoé-chheⁿ ê | Bo̍k-chheⁿ ê | Thó͘-chheⁿ ê | Thian-ông-chheⁿ ê | Hái-ông-chheⁿ ê |
| **Tīn:** Sió-he̍k-chheⁿ-toà | Kuiper-toà | Sàn-loān îⁿ-poâⁿ | Oort-hûn |
| Chhiáⁿ chham-khó thian-bûn bu̍t-thé, thài-iông-hē ê chheⁿ-thé lia̍t-toaⁿ, chiàu poàⁿ-kèng pâi iah sī chiàu chit-liōng pâi |
# Thian-thé

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|

|  |
| --- |
|   |
|   |
|   |
|    |
|   |
|   |
|   |
|   |

 |
| Selection of astronomical bodies and objects |

**Thian-thé** sī chū-jiân hoat-seng ê bu̍t-lí si̍t-thé, cho͘-ha̍p, ia̍h kò͘-chō, in chhut-hiān tī ē-hêng koan-chhat ê úi-tiū tang-tiong. Khah giâm-keh lâi hun, thian-thé tang-tiong ū chi̍t khoán Eng-gí ēng *body* ("sin-thé") lâi hō, sī tan-to̍k--ê, bā-bā--ê, liân-sòa--ê si̍t-thé; koh chi̍t khoán sī *object* ("mi̍h-kiāⁿ"), sī ho̍k-ha̍p--ê, khah bô sio-chiap--ê kò͘-chō, ū khó-lêng hâm chē-ê *body*, ia̍h sīm-chì sī lēng-gōa ê *object* chò chhù-kò͘-chō.
# Thih-lō͘ ūn-su

2022 nî thong-sè-kài ê thih-tō-bāng tē-tô͘

**Thih-lō͘ ūn-su** sī chi̍t-chióng lio̍k-tek téng ê ūn-su hē-thóng, it-poaⁿ sī iōng hóe-chhia kiâⁿ tī thih-ki-lō͘ téng-kôan.

## Siang-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ

* Chia̍t-ūn
* Ko-sok-thih-lō͘

## Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat
# 6 goe̍h 15 ji̍t

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| << | **6 goe̍h** | >> |
|

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| LP | P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | P5 | P6 |
|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
| 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 |
| 28 | 29 | 30 |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

 |
| 2026 nî--ê ji̍t-chì |

**6 goe̍h 15 ji̍t**, ia̍h sī kóng **6 goe̍h 15 hō**, sī Gregorius Le̍k-hoat lāi-bīn chi̍t tang ê tē 166 kang (lūn-nî tē 167 kang), lī nî-té iáu ū 199 kang.

## Cheh-ji̍t

* Choân-kiû Hong Ji̍t
* Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok: Kéng-chhat-cheh
* Tan-be̍h: Kî-á-ji̍t
* Í-tāi-lī: kang-têng-su-ji̍t
* Eng-kok: Kok-ka bì-lù Ji̍t
* Azerbaijan: Kiù-kok-ji̍t
* Costa Rica: Chèng-chhiū-á-cheh

## Sū-kiāⁿ

* 1215 nî: Eng-lân kok-ông John chhiam-tēng *Tāi-hiàn-chiong*, chia hoat-lu̍t hān-chè kok-ông ê khoân-le̍k, tùi kin-á-ji̍t kun-chú li̍p-hiān chè-tō͘ éng-hióng chin toā.
* 1672 nî: Ūi tio̍h pī-bián Hoat-kok chiàm-niá, Hô-lân chiong chúi-cha̍h khui khí-lâi, chiong siú-to͘ Amsterdam bi̍t--tiāu.
* 1878 nî: Eadweard Muybridge hip kúi-nā tioⁿ siòng-phìⁿ lâi chèng-bêng bé leh cháu ê sî sì-ki kha lóng ê lī-khui thô͘-kha, mā chiâⁿ-chò iáⁿ-phìⁿ ê ki-chhó͘.
* 1949 nî: Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok khai-sí hoat-hêng Sin-tâi-phiò.
* 1952 nî: Maya bûn-bêng Palenque kok-ông Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal ê bōng hō͘ hoat-hiān.

## Chhut-sì

* 28 nî – Hàn Bêng-tè Lâu Chong, Tong Hàn tē-2-tāi hông-tè.
* 1763 nî – Sió-lîm It-tê (小林一茶), Ji̍t-pún si-jîn.
* 1953 nî – Si̍p Kīn-pêng, Tiong-kok Kok-ka chú-se̍k.
* 2000 nî – Au-iông Ná-ná, Tâi-oân ián-oân, im-ga̍k-ka.

## Kòe-sin

* 1073 nî – Āu Sam-tiâu Thian-hông (後三条天皇), Ji̍t-pún tē-71-tāi thian-hông.
* 1189 nî – Goân Gī-keng (源 義経), Ji̍t-pún Pêng-an Sî-tāi (平安時代) bú-sū.

## Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
# Newton (tan-ūi)

**Newton** sī SI ēng lâi piáu-sī la̍t ê tan-ūi, kì chò **N**. Hō chit hō miâ sī beh kì-liām Isaac Newton tùi kó͘-tián la̍t-ha̍k ê kòng-hiàn. 1 N sī hō͘ chit-liōng 1 kg ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ sán-seng ta̍k bió 1 m ê ka-sok-tō͘, khiā kóng:

 WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_0
# Tē-chit-ha̍k

Tē-kiû ê goā-koan
**Tē-chit-ha̍k** (地質學) sī gián-kiù tē-kiû ê chi̍t-ê ha̍k-kho, choan-bûn thàm-thó tē-kiû téng-bīn bu̍t-thé ê chó͘-sêng, kò͘-chō, tōng-thài, le̍k-sú kap kòe-têng. Tû-liáu tē-kiû, tē-chit-ha̍k kâng-khoán ē-sái gián-kiù kî-tha seng-kiû.
# Kong-kàu

|  |
| --- |
| Pún-chiuⁿ sī sio̍k-î **Ki-tok-kàu** hē-lia̍t ê chi̍t-ê pō·-hūn |
|  |
| **Ki-tok-kàu Le̍k-sú**
Iâ-so͘ Ki-tok
Cha̍p-jī ê Sù-tô·
Tong-hong Kéng-Kàu
Tang-sai Kàu-hōe ê hun-lia̍t
Si̍p-jī-kun ê Tang-cheng
Chong-kàu ê Kái-kek |
| **Ki-tok-kàu ê Sîn-ha̍k**
Ki-tok-kàu ê Chông-pài
In-tián · Kiù-in
San-siōng ê Kàu-hùn
Si̍t-chāi ê hok-khì
Chú ê Kî-tó-bûn
Cha̍p-tiâu-kài
Sèng-lêng
Tháu-pa̍k sîn-ha̍k
**Ki-tok-kàu ê Lé-chiat**
Sé-lé
Sèng-chhan-lé  |
| **Ki-tok-kàu ê Sèng-keng**
Kū-iok Sèng-keng
Sin-iok Sèng-keng
Âng-phoê Sèng-keng  |
|
Ki-tok-kàu ê Cheh-ji̍t
Sèng-tàn-cheh
Sèng-tàn Ló-jîn
Koh-oa̍h-cheh  |
| **Ki-tok-kàu ê Kàu-phài**
Tang Chèng-kàu
Thian-chú-kàu
Iâ-so·-hōe
Tō-bêng-hōe
Ki-tok-sin-kàu
Bí-kok Kong-lí-hōe
Bí-kok Kui-chèng Kàu-hōe
Eng-kok Kok-kàu
An-hioh-ji̍t Hōe
Tâi-oân Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hoē
Gō·-sûn-chat Kàu-phài
Sù-tô·-sìn-sim-hoē
Sîn-tiàu-hōe
Sîn ê Kàu-hoē
Chin Iâ-so· Kàu-hōe
**Siū chèng-thóng kàu-hōe kheh-che̍h**
Iâ-hô-hoa Kiàn-chèng-jîn
Iâ-so· Ki-tok Āu-kî Sèng-tô· Kàu-hōe
Sin-iok Kàu-hōe
Thóng-it Kàu-hōe  |

**Kong-kàu** sī chi̍t koá hōng-hêng "phó͘-kong" (*catholic*) sìn-gióng hêng-se̍k kap cheng-sîn ê Ki-tok-kàu kàu-hoē, kî-tiong ū Thian-chú-kàu-hoē, Tang Chèng-kàu, Tang-hong Ki-tok-kàu (*Oriental Orthodox Church*), Tang-hong Assyria Kàu-hoē koh ū Phó͘-sè Sèng-kong-hoē téng-téng.
# Hui-chiu

*"Africa" choán lâi chia, koan-hē Kó͘ Lô-má séng-hūn, chhián khòaⁿ Africa (Lô-má hêng-séng).*

Hui-tsiu| Hui-chiu |
| Bīn-chek | 30,370,000 km2 (11,730,000 sq mi)  (2nd) |
| Jîn-kháu | 1,275,920,972 (2018; 2nd) |
| Jîn-kháu bi̍t-tō͘ | 46.1/km2 (119.4/sq mi) (2021) |
| GDP (PPP) | $8.05 trillion (2022 est; 4th) |
| GDP (kok-chè hōe-lu̍t) | $2.96 trillion (2022 est; 5th) |
| Jîn-kin GDP | $2,180 (2022 est; 6th) |
| Chong-kàu | * Islam (48%)
* Ki-tok-kàu (45%)
* Hui-chiu thoân-thóng chong-kàu (5%)
* Bû-chong-kàu (1%)
* kî-thaⁿ chong-kàu (1%)
 |
| Jîn-bîn hō-miâ | African |
| Kok-ka | 54+2\*+5\*\* (\*disputed) (\*\*territories) |
| I-lāi-tē |
External (5)[tián-khui]
* Bouvet Tó
* Eng-kok léng Ìn-tō͘-iûⁿ Niá-thó͘
* French Southern Territories
* Heard Tó kap McDonald Kûn-tó
* Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

Internal (6+1 disputed)[tián-khui]
* Hoat-kok *(Mayotte kap Réunion)*
* Í-tāi-lī *(Pantelleria kap Pelagie Kûn-tó)*
* Morocco *(Sai Sahara)*
* Phû-tô-gâ *(Madeira)*
* Se-pan-gâ *(Alboran Tó, Canaria Kûn-tó, Ceuta, Melilla, kap Chú-koân só͘-chāi)*
* Tanzania *(Zanzibar)*
* Yemen *(Socotra)*
 |
| Giân-gú | Eng-gí Hoat-gí Se-pan-gâ-gí Phû-tô-gâ-gí Swahili-gí A-la-pek-gí Hui-chiu gí-giân |
| Sî-khu | UTC-1 to UTC+4 |
| Siōng tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī |
lia̍t-toaⁿ[tián-khui]
* Cairo
* Lagos
* Kinshasa
* Johannesburg
* Luanda
* Khartoum
* Dar es Salaam
* Abidjan
* Alexandria
* Kigali
* Nairobi
* Algiers
* Cape Town
* Kano
* Dakar
* Casablanca
* Addis Ababa
* Kampala
 |

**A-hui-lī-ka**, phó͘-thong kán-lio̍k kóng **Hui-chiu**. Bô-lūn sī bīn-chek a̍h-sī jîn-kháu, Hui-chiu sī sè-kài tē-2-tōa ê tāi-lio̍k, kan-na A-chiu koh khah tōa.

## Le̍k-sú

Si̍t-bîn-chú-gī chi-hā ê Hui-chiu, 1914 nî

 *Chit pha iáu-bōe ū lâng siá. Chhiáⁿ tàu pó͘-chhiong lōe-iông.*

## Tē-lí

Hui-chiu ē thang pun chò Tang Hui-chiu, Tiong Hui-chiu, Pak Hui-chiu, Lâm Hui-chiu, Se Hui-chiu 5 ê pō͘-hūn.

## Kok-ka

* Burundi
* Djibouti
* Eritrea
* Ethiopia
* Kenya
* Comoros
* Rwanda
* Seychelles
* Somalia
* Somaliland (pō͘-hūn sêng-jīn)
* Tanzania
* Uganda
* Cameroon
* Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok
* Congo
* Chhiah-tō Guinea
* Gabon
* São Tomé kap Príncipe
* Tiong-hui Kiōng-hô-kok
* Algeria
* Ai-ki̍p
* Lâm Sudan
* Libya
* Morocco
* Sahrawi A-la-pek Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok (pō͘-hūn sêng-jīn)
* Sudan
* Tunisia
* Angola
* Botswana
* Lâm-hui-kok
* Lesotho
* Madagascar
* Malawi
* Mauritius
* Mozambique
* Namibia
* Eswatini
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe
* Benin
* Burkina Faso
* Cabo Verde
* Côte d'Ivoire
* Gambia
* Ghana
* Guinea
* Guinea-Bissau
* Liberia
* Mali
* Mauritania
* Niger
* Nigeria
* Senegal
* Sierra Leone
* Chad
* Togo

## I-lāi-tē

* Canaria Kûn-tó (Se-pan-gâ ê)
* Ceuta (Se-pan-gâ ê)
* Melilla (Se-pan-gâ ê)
* Madeira (Phû-tô-gâ ê)
* Eng-kok léng Ìn-tō͘-iûⁿ Niá-thó͘ (Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok ê)
* Mayotte (Hoat-kok ê)
* Réunion (Hoat-kok ê)
* Saint Helena, Ascension kap Tristan da Cunha (Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok ê)

## Tsù-kái
# Au-A Tāi-lio̍k

Au-A Tāi-lio̍k ê hoān-ûi
**Au-A Tāi-lio̍k** (歐亞大陸) sī Au-chiu kap A-chiu ê ha̍p-chheng. Au-A Tāi-lio̍k ê chóng bīn-chek 5473.8 pêng-hong kong-lí, tī tē-lí-ha̍k sī tē-kiû piáu-bīn siōng-tōa ê tāi-lio̍k. Au-chiu kap A-chiu ê ōe-hun sī siā-hōe-ha̍k ê jîn-bûn le̍k-sú ê su-kiû. Ùi pán-khoài kò͘-chō lâi khòaⁿ, Au-A Tāi-lio̍k sī iû Au-A Pán-khoài, Ìn-tō͘ Pán-khoài, A-la-pek Pán-khoài kap Pak Bí-chiu Pán-khoài lâi kiōng-tông chó͘-sêng.
# Chheng-liân bàng-gah

**Chheng-liân bàng-gah** (Ji̍t-pún-gí: 青年漫画, Hùn-lēng-sek: *Seinen manga*), sī siat-tēng hō͘ chheng-liân lâm-sèng khoàⁿ--ê Ji̍t-pún bàng-gah lūi-hêng. Kah siàu-liân bàng-gah pí, oē--ê chù-tê khah hiān-si̍t, siā-hoē, mā ū chi̍t-koá kah chit-gia̍p iú-koān--ê chok-phín. M̄-koh, khong-khì-hē (空気系 *kûkikei*, iah-sī ji̍t-siông-hē) téng siá sò͘-siông seng-hoa̍t (生活)--ê chok-phín mā sǹg sī chheng-liân bàng-gah. Kap sêng-jîn bàng-gah (hiòng lâm-sèng--ê) pí, bô bêng-hián--ê sèng-hêng-ûi sek-chêng oē-bīn.

## Chham-khó

* Sêng-jîn bàng-gah
* Siàu-liân bàng-gah
* Siàu-lú bàng-gah
* Lú-sèng bàng-gah
# Sip-tō͘

| Sip-tō͘ |
| --- |
|  |
| Specific concepts |
| * Absolute / Specific / Relative
* Dew point (depression)
* Psychrometrics
 |
| General concepts |
| * Air
* Concentration
* Density
* Dew
* Evaporation
* Humidity buffering

---

(Atm.) Pressure
* Liquid water
* Avogadro's law
* Nucleation
* Thermodynamic equilibrium
 |
| Measures and Instruments |
| * Heat index
* Sat. vap. density
* Mixing ratio
* Water activity
* H. indicator
	+ card
* Hygrometer
* Dry/Wet-bulb temperature
 |
| * Hián
* Lūn
* Pian
 |

**Sip-tō͘** (溼度) sī khong-khì tiong chúi cheng-khì ê liōng. Khì-thài ê chúi cheng-khì bô-hoat-tō͘ ēng ba̍k-chiu khòaⁿ. Sip-tō͘ koân piáu-sī hoat-seng kàng-chúi, lō͘-chúi ia̍h-sī tà-bông ê khó-lêng-sèng mā khah koân. Sip-tō͘ jú koân, jú ē lâu-kōaⁿ, lâng ē kám-kak sip koh joa̍h, in-ūi phôe-hu piáu-bīn ê chúi-khì cheng-hoat ê sok-lu̍t khah bān. Ta̍t-kàu páu-hô só͘ su-iàu ê chúi cheng-khì ê liōng tòe un-tō͘ gia̍h-koân lâi cheng-ka. Niû sip-tō͘ ê hong-hoat ū kúi-nā chióng: **choa̍t-tùi sip-tō͘** (*absolute humidity*), **siong-tùi sip-tō͘** (*relative humidity*) kap **tan-ūi sip-tō͘** (*specific humidity*).
# Tang Timor

| Timor-Leste Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kokRepública Democrática de Timor-Leste (Phû-tô-gâ-gí) Repúblika Demokrátika de Timór-Leste (Tetum-gí) |
| --- |
|
kok-kî

kok-hui

 |
| **Chu-kù:**Unidade, Acção, Progresso Unidade, Asaun, Progresu "Thoân-kiat, hêng-tōng, chìn-pō͘" |
| **Kok-koa:** Pátria "Chó͘-kok"  |
|  |
| Siú-to͘ kap siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī | Dili |
| Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân | Phû-tô-gâ-gí, Tetum-gí |
| Sêng-jīn ê kok-ka gí-giân |
15 chéng
* + Atauru-gí
	+ Baikeno-gí
	+ Bekais-gí
	+ Bunak-gí
	+ Fataluku-gí
	+ Galoli-gí
	+ Habun-gí
	+ Idalaka-gí
	+ Kawaimina-gí
	+ Kemak-gí
	+ Makalero-gí
	+ Makasae-gí
	+ Makuv'a-gí
	+ Mambai-gí
	+ Tokodede-gí
 |
| Kang-chok gí-giân | Eng-gí, Ìn-nî-gí |
| Chèng-hú | tan-it-chè, poàn-chóng-thóng-chè, kiōng-hô-kok |
|  |
| • chóng-thóng  | José Ramos-Horta |
| • chóng-lí  | Xanana Gusmão |
|  |
| Li̍p-hoat ki-kò͘ | Kok-bîn Gī-hoē |
| Bīn-chek |
| • Lóng-chóng | 14,950 km2 (5,770 sq mi) (tē 154 miâ) |
| Jîn-kháu |
| • 2023 nî kó͘-kè | 1,354,662 (tē 153 miâ) |
| • Bi̍t-tō͘ | 89.7/km2 (232.3/sq mi) (tē 137 miâ) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2023 nî kó͘-kè |
| • Lóng-chóng | $5 cha̍p-ek (tē 173 miâ) |
| • Pêng-kin | $3,747 (tē 157 miâ) |
| GDP (bêng-gī) | 2023 nî kó͘-kè |
| • Lóng-chóng | $2 cha̍p-ek (tē 183 miâ) |
| • Pêng-kin | $1,497 (tē 151 miâ) |
| Gini (2014 nî) |  28.7 kē |
| HDI (2022 nî) | 0.566 tiong · tē 155 miâ |
| Hoè-pè | Bí-kim (USD) |
| Sî-khu | UTC+9 (TLT) |
| Khui-chhia hong-hiòng | chó |
|  tiān-oē khu-hō | +670 |
| ISO 3166 tāi-hō | TL |
| Siōng-téng domain | .tl |

**Timor-Leste** ia̍h **Tang Timor**, choân-chheng **Tang Timor Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok** (Tetum-gí: Repúblika Demokrátika Timór-Leste, Phû-tô-gâ-gí: República Democrática de Timor-Leste), sī tiàm tī Tang-lâm-a ê tó-kok, léng-thó͘ pau-koat Timor-tó ê tang-poàⁿ-pêng; Atauro, Jaco chit nn̄g-ê tó; kap Oecussi-Ambeno chit-ê tī Ìn-nî Sai Timor ê hui-tē (*enclave*).

*Timor* pún-sin ū "tang" ê ì-sù, só͘-í *Timor Lorosa'e* ū "tang (tó) ê tang-pêng" ê ì-sù.

Tang Timor tī 1975 nî 11 goe̍h 28 ji̍t soan-pò͘ tùi Phû-tô-gâ to̍k-li̍p. 2002 nî 5 goe̍h 20 ji̍t (chèng-sek) koh tùi Ìn-nî to̍k-li̍p chhut-lâi.
# Hái-sîn (KBS)

**Hái-sîn** (海神 / 해신 / Hae-sin) sī Hân-kok Hòng-sàng Kong-siā (KBS) uī-tio̍h beh kì-liām chhòng-li̍p 30 chiu-nî, tī 2004 nî thui-chhut ê te̍k-pia̍t khì-he̍k tiān-sī-kio̍k. Hái-sîn tī Hân-kok pò-chhut ê kî-kan, pêng-kun uî-chhî chāi 30 ê pah-hun-tiám chó-iū. Hái-sîn choân kio̍k khai 150 ek Hân-goân.

## Kài-siāu

* Tiān-sī-tâi: Hân-kok Hòng-sàng Kong-siā (KBS)
* Siú-pò͘: 2004 nî 11 go̍eh 24 hō chì 2005 nî 5 go̍eh 26 hō
* Sî-tōaⁿ: Hân-kok Piau-chún-sî lé-pài-saⁿ kah lé-pài-sì ê àm-sî 9:50
* Tō-ián: Tēⁿ Tìn-gio̍k, N̂g Chu-hā
* Pian-kio̍k: Khiong Ji̍t-chu, Khiong Péng-te̍k
* Chi̍p-sò: 51 chi̍p

## Ián-goân

* Chhui Siù-chong: Tiuⁿ Pó-ko (Jang Bo-go / 張保皐)
* Sòng It-kok: Giâm Tióng (Yeom Jang / 閻長)
* Chhoà Sî-ná: Chí-bî (Jami)
* Phok Siù-ài: Têng-hoa (Jung-hwa)

## Gōa-pō͘

* Hân-kok KBS ê koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām. (Hân-kok-gí)
# Jun Ji-hyun

Chn̂g Tì-hiân (2012 nî).
**Jun Ji-hyun** (Hàn-jī: 全智賢; Ko-lê-jī: 전지현 *Chn̂g Tì-hiân*; 1981 nî 10 goe̍h 30 ji̍t chhut-sì ), sī Lâm-hân ê cha-bó͘ ián-gôan, pún-miâ **Wang Ji-hyun** (王智賢/왕지현 *Ông Tì-hiân*).
# Kang So-ra

**Kang So-ra** (강소라; 1990 nî 2 goe̍h 18 ji̍t chhut-sì) sī chi̍t uī Hân-kok ê cha-bó͘ ián-goân.

2016 nî 12 go̍eh 15 hō, Kang So-ra kap Hyun Bin thoân-chhut loân-ài siau-sek, siang-hong keng-kí kong-si chèng-si̍t, piáu-bêng 2 lâng tī 10 go̍eh chhe se̍k-sāi, ùi hō͘-siòng pang-chō͘ hun-hióng hoân-ló ê chêng-āu-pòe choán-piàn chò ài-jîn ê koan-hē.
# The Guardian

*The Guardian*
The Guardian sī Eng-kok ê pò-chóa, chhut-pán kong-si sī Guardian Media Group, pài-it kàu pài-la̍k hoat-hêng, keh-sek sī Berliner. Chóng-pō͘ tī London kap Manchester. Tī lé-pài, ōaⁿ-chò *The Guardian* ê chí-mōe pò-chóa *The Observer* hoat-hêng. *The Guardian* tī 1821 nî chhòng-li̍p, 1959 nî chìn-chêng hō-chòe *The Manchester Guardian*. Chèng-tī sek-tì sī tiong-iong oá chó-phài.