# Ko-lê-jī

**Ko-lê-jī** (高麗字), tī Lâm-Hân kiò **Hangeul** (한글), tī Pak-tiâu-sián kiò **Chosŏn'gŭl** (조선글, 朝鮮글) , chá-sî kiò-chò **gān-bûn** (諺文, 언문), sī hiān-tāi Tiâu-sián-gí (Hân-kok-gí) thong-ēng sī su-siá hong-sek, sī tùi 15 sè-kí Tiâu-sián Ông-tiâu ê Sè-chong Tāi-ông kong-pò͘ ê Hùn-bîn Chèng-im hoat-tián kàu taⁿ.

## Le̍k-sú

Ko-lê-jī ê thui-kóng-chiá sī Sè-chong Tāi-ông, Tiâu-sián Ông-tiâu ê tē-4 tāi kun-chú. Chi̍p-hiân-tiān (集賢殿), kap Sè-chong chò-hóe gián-kiù ê chi̍t pan ha̍k-chiá, sī it-poaⁿ jīn-ûi thâu chi̍t phoe khai-hoat kiam kái-liông Ko-lê-jī ê lâng.

Khai-hoat kè-ōe sī 1443 nî 12 goe̍h té he̍k-chiá 1444 nî 1 goe̍h sî goân-sêng--ê. 1446 nî ê sî-chūn, in chhut-pán *Hùn-bîn Chèng-im* (訓民正音) lâi kài-siāu chit thò bûn-jī. Tong-nî iáu ū chi̍t pún *Hùn-bîn Chèng-im Kái-lē*, î-it ê chho͘-pán chheh-pún sī 1940 nî chiah hō͘ ha̍k-chiá Jeon Hyeongpil hoat-kiàn--ê; lōe-iông sī tùi jī-bó siat-kè ê ké-soeh.

## Jī-bó lia̍t-toaⁿ

Hangeul ê "jī-bó" tī Tiâu-sián-gí tha̍k chò "jamo". Chia-ê jī-bó ē-tàng hun:

* 14-ê chú-im (자음/子音 *jaeum*)
* 5-ê siang chú-im (쌍자음/雙子音 *ssang jaeum*)
* 10-ê bó-im (모음/母音 *moeum*)
* 11-ê siang bó-im (쌍모음/雙母音 *ssang moeum*)

Leng-goā koh ū:

* 11-ê hok chú-im (복자음/複子音 *bok jaeum*)

**Ko-lê-jī ê jī-bó (Hangeul Jamo, 한글 자모)**| **Ki-pún jī-bó** |
| --- |
| **Chú-im** | **Bó-im** |
| Jī-bó | Miâ | Lô-má-jī | Hoat-im (Hangeul) | Hoat-im (IPA) | Jī-bó | Miâ | Lô-má-jī | Hoat-im (Hangeul) | Hoat-im (IPA) |
| **ㄱ** | **기역** (giyeok) | **g/k** | **gu/k** | [g-]/[-k̚] | **ㅏ** | **아** (a) | **a** | **a** | [-a-] |
| **ㄴ** | **니은** (nieun) | **n** | **n** | [n-]/[-n] | **ㅑ** | **야** (ya) | **ya** | **ya** | [-ja-] |
| **ㄷ** | **디귿** (digeut) | **d/t** | **d/t** | [d-]/[-t̚] | **ㅓ** | **어** (eo) | **eo** | **o** | [-ʌ-] |
| **ㄹ** | **리을** (rieul) | **r/l** | **r/l** | [ɾ-]/[-ʎ] | **ㅕ** | **여** (yeo) | **yeo** | **yo** | [-jʌ-] |
| **ㅁ** | **미음** (mieum) | **m** | **m** | [m-]/[-m] | **ㅗ** | **오** (o) | **o** | **ô** | [-o-] |
| **ㅂ** | **비읍** (bieup) | **b/p** | **b/p** | [b-]/[-p̚] | **ㅛ** | **요** (yo) | **yo** | **yô** | [-jo-] |
| **ㅅ** | **시옷** (siot) | **s/t** | **s/t** | [s-]/[-t̚] | **ㅜ** | **우** (u) | **u** | **ou** | [-u-] |
| **ㅇ** | **이응** (ieung) | **ng** | **ng** | [-ŋ] | **ㅠ** | **유** (yu) | **yu** | **you** | [-ju-] |
| **ㅈ** | **지읒** (jieut) | **j/t** | **dj/t** | [tɕ-]/[-t̚] | **ㅡ** | **으** (eu) | **eu** | **eu** | [-ɯ-] |
| **ㅊ** | **치읓** (chieut) | **ch/t** | **tch/t** | [tɕʰ-]/[-t̚] | **ㅣ** | **이** (i) | **i** | **i** | [-i-] |
| **ㅋ** | **키읔** (kieuk) | **k** | **kh** | [kʰ-]/[-k̚] |  |
| **ㅌ** | **티읕** (tieut) | **t** | **th** | [tʰ-]/[-t̚] |
| **ㅍ** | **피읖** (pieup) | **p** | **ph** | [pʰ-]/[-p̚] |
| **ㅎ** | **히읗** (hieut) | **h/t** | **h/t** | [h-]/[-t̚] |
| **Ha̍p-seng jī-bó** |
| **Siang chú-im** | **Siang bó-im** |
| Jī-bó | Miâ | Lô-má-jī | Hoat-im (Hangeul) | Hoat-im (IPA) | Jī-bó | Miâ | Lô-má-jī | Hoat-im (Hangeul) | Hoat-im (IPA) |
| **ㄲ** | **쌍기역** (ssanggiyeok) | **kk** | **k** appuyé | [kʼ-]/[-k̚] | **ㅐ** | **애** (ae) | **ae** | **è** | [-ɛ-] |
| **ㄸ** | **쌍디귿** (ssangdigeut) | **tt** | **t** appuyé | [tʼ-]/[-t̚] | **ㅒ** | **얘** (yae) | **yae** | **yè** | [-jɛ-] |
| **ㅃ** | **쌍비읍** (ssangbieup) | **pp** | **p** appuyé | [pʼ-]/[-p̚] | **ㅔ** | **에** (e) | **e** | **é** | [-e-] |
| **ㅆ** | **쌍시옷** (ssangsiot) | **ss** | **s** appuyé | [sʼ-]/[-t̚] | **ㅖ** | **예** (ye) | **ye** | **yé** | [-je-] |
| **ㅉ** | **쌍지읒** (ssangjieut) | **jj** | **tch** appuyé | [tɕʼ-]/[-t̚] | **ㅘ** | **와** (wa) | **wa** | **wa** | [-wa-] |
| **Hok chú-im** | **ㅙ** | **왜** (wae) | **wae** | **wè** | [-wɛ-] |
| Jī-bó | Miâ | Lô-má-jī | Hoat-im (Hangeul) | Hoat-im (IPA) | **ㅚ** | **외** (oe) | **oe** | **wi** | [-wi-] |
| **ㄳ** | **기역 시옷** (giyeok siot) | **ks** | **x** | [-k̚]/[-ks-] | **ㅝ** | **워** (weo) | **weo** | **wo** | [-wʌ-] |
| **ㄵ** | **니은 지읒** (nieun jieut) | **nj** | **ndj** | [-n]/[-ntɕ-] | **ㅞ** | **웨** (we) | **we** | **wé** | [-we-] |
| **ㄶ** | **니은 히읗** (nieun hieut) | **nh** | **nh** | [-n]/[-nx-] | **ㅟ** | **위** (wi) | **wi** | **wi** | [-wi-] |
| **ㄺ** | **리을 기억** (rieul giyeok) | **lg** | **lg** | [-ʎ]/[-ʎg-] | **ㅢ** | **의** (ui) | **eui** | **euil** | [-ɰi-] |
| **ㄻ** | **리을 미음** (rieul mieum) | **lm** | **lm** | [-ʎ]/[-ʎm-] |  |
| **ㄼ** | **리을 비읍** (rieul bieup) | **lb** | **lb** | [-ʎ]/[-ʎb-] |
| **ㄽ** | **리을 시옷** (rieul siot) | **ls** | **ls** | [-ʎ]/[-ʎs-] |
| **ㄾ** | **리을 티읕** (rieul tieut) | **lt** | **lt** | [-ʎ]/[-ʎtʰ-] |
| **ㄿ** | **리을 피읖** (rieul pieup) | **lp** | **lph** | [-ʎ]/[-ʎpʰ-] |
| **ㅀ** | **리을 히읗** (rieul hieut) | **lh** | **lh** | [-ʎ]/[-ʎx-] |
| **ㅄ** | **비읍 시옷** (bieup siot) | **bs** | **ps** | [-p̚]/[-ps-] |

## Jī-bó ê cho͘-ha̍p

Chi̍t-ê im-chiat sī 2-ê í-siōng ê jī-bó lâi cho͘-siaⁿ, ū-ê sī chú-im **+** bó-im; ū-ê sī chú-im **+** bó-im **+** chú-im.

Tī im-chiat thâu ê chú-im jī-bó kiò "chho͘-siaⁿ" (thâu siaⁿ); tiong-ng ê bó-im kiò "tiong-siaⁿ"; im-chiat boé ê chú-im kiò "chiong-siaⁿ" (boé siaⁿ).

Chho͘-siaⁿ chham tiong-siaⁿ tī siá jī sî ê cho͘-ha̍p ū 3-khoán hêng-sek:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| chho͘ | tiong |

 |

 | 가 ga |   | Tiong-siaⁿ tī chiàⁿ-pêng; chhō͘-siaⁿ tī tò-pêng, chia-ê tiong-siaⁿ ū: ㅏ, ㅑ, ㅓ, ㅕ, ㅣ, ㅐ, ㅒ, ㅔ, ㅖ.
 |
|

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|

|  |
| --- |
| chho͘ |
| tiong |

 |

 | 고 go |   | Chhō͘-siaⁿ tī téng-bīn; tiong-siaⁿ tī ē-kha, chia-ê tiong-siaⁿ ū: ㅗ, ㅛ, ㅜ, ㅠ, ㅡ.
 |
|

|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| chho͘ | tiong2 |
| tiong1 |

 |

 | 과 gwa |   | Chho͘-siaⁿ tī téng-tò-kak; tiong-siaⁿ tī ē-kha kap chiàⁿ-pêng, chia-ê tiong-siaⁿ ū: ㅘ, ㅙ, ㅚ, ㅝ, ㅞ, ㅟ, ㅢ.
 |

Lēng-goā chiong-siaⁿ it-lu̍t khèng siāng ē-kha:

ㄴㅅㅅㄱ

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| chho͘ | tiong |
| chiong |

ㅂㅅㄷㄴ
 |

|  |
| --- |
| chho͘ |
| tiong |
| chiong |

 |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| chho͘ | tiong2 |
| tiong1 |
| chiong |

 |
| 간 gan | 곤 gon | 관 gwan |

## Choán-siá hē-thóng

* Kok-gí Lô-má-jī Piáu-kì-hoat
* McCune–Reischauer
* Yale Lô-má-hoà
* ISO/TR 11941
* Kontsevich hē-thóng (Kyril jī)

## Chham-khó