# 1648 nî

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| **chhian-liân-kí:** | **2 chhian-liân-kí** |
| **sè-kí:** | 16 sè-kí | **17 sè-kí** | 18 sè-kí |
| **cha̍p-nî-kí:** | 1610 nî-tāi | 1620 nî-tāi | 1630 nî-tāi | **1640 nî-tāi** | 1650 nî-tāi | 1660 nî-tāi | 1670 nî-tāi |
| **nî:** | 1643 nî | 1644 nî | 1645 nî | 1646 nî | 1647 nî | **1648 nî** | 1649 nî | 1650 nî | 1651 nî | 1652 nî | 1653 nî |

**1648 nî tī kî-thaⁿ le̍k-hoat**| Kan-chi | Teng-hāi nî — *kàu* — Bō͘-chú nî |
| Gregorius le̍k | 1648 nî MDCXLVIII |
| Julius le̍k | pí Gregorius le̍k chá 10 kang |
| Hu̍t-le̍k | 2192 nî |
| Tō-kàu-le̍k | 4345 nî |
| Hoê-le̍k | 1058~1059 |
| Hông-kì | 2308 nî |
| Tân-kì | 3981 nî |
| Hi-pek-lâi-le̍k | 5408~5409 |
| Se-chōng-le̍k | im hoé ti *(me mo phag)* — *kàu* — iông thó͘ chhí *(sa pho byi)* |
| Hindu le̍k |  |
| - *Vikram Samvat* | 1703 – 1704 |
| - *Shaka Samvat* | 1570 – 1571 |
| Iran le̍k | 1026 – 1027 |
| Runic le̍k | 1898 |
| Assyria le̍k | 6398 nî |
| Ethiopia le̍k | 1642~1643 |

**1648 nî** tī Gregorius Le̍k-hoat lāi-bīn sī chi̍t ê lūn-nî, thâu kang sī pài-saⁿ; tī Julius Le̍k-hoat lāi-bīn sī chi̍t ê lūn-nî, thâu kang sī pài-la̍k. Chia nî tī Gregorius Le̍k-hoat lāi-bīn pí Julius Le̍k-hoat chá 10 kang. Pō͘-hūn kok-ka tī 1923 nî í-chêng iáu ēng Julius Le̍k-hoat.

## Liân-hō

* Tāi-bêng-kok: Éng-le̍k (永曆) 2 nî; Tong-bú (東武) goân nî
* Tāi-chheng-kok: Sūn-tī (順治) 5 nî
* Ji̍t-pún (Edo sî-tāi): Chèng-pó (正保) 5 nî; Khèng-an (慶安) goân nî
* Tāi-oa̍t-kok (Oa̍t-lâm):
	+ Cao Bằng hū-kīn (Mạc Tiâu): Sūn-tek (順德) 11 nî
	+ Pak-hng, lâm-hng (Lê Tiâu Tiong-heng, Nguyễn Chú): Hok-thài (福泰) 6 nî
* Lí Chhek-sim (李赤心): Éng-chhiong (永昌) 5 nî
* Kim Seng-hoân (金聲桓): Liông-bú (隆武) 4 nî
* Tiuⁿ Kīn-tông (張近堂): Thian-chèng (天正) goân nî

## Tang A-chiu kun-chú kì-goân

* Tāi-bêng-kok: Éng-le̍k Hông-tè (永曆皇帝) 2 nî; Kàm-kok Ló͘-ông (監國魯王) 3 nî; Kàm-kok Hoâi-ông (監國淮王) goân nî
* Tāi-chheng-kok: Sè-chó͘ (世祖) 5 nî
* Tiâu-sián-kok: Jîn-chó͘ (仁祖) 26 nî
* Tāi-oa̍t-kok (Oa̍t-lâm):
	+ Cao Bằng hū-kīn (Mạc Tiâu): Mạc Kính Vũ 11 nî
	+ Pak-hng (Lê Tiâu Tiong-heng): Chin-chong (真宗) 6 nî
	+ Lâm-hng (Nguyễn Chú): Chúa Thượng (主上, "Siōng-chú") 13 nî
* Liû-kiû-kok: Siōng Chit Ông (尚質王) goân nî

## Sū-kiāⁿ

* 5 goe̍h 17 ji̍t: Hoat-kok kiam Sūi-tián ê liân-bêng kap Sîn-sèng Lô-má Tè-kok phah Zusmarshausen Chiàn-tò͘.
* 10 goe̍h 24 ji̍t: Au-chiu kok sè-le̍k káng-tēng chi̍t liân-sòa ê tiâu-iok, hō-chò Westfalen ê Hô-pêng.
* 11 goe̍h 26 ji̍t: Zelo domus Dei, kàu-hông Innocentius 10-sè hoán-tùi Westphalia Hô-iok lāi-té ê chong-kàu koan-liām.

### Bô ji̍t-kî

## Kok-ka léng-tō-chiá

## Chhut-sì

## Kòe-sin

* 5 goe̍h 20 ji̍t: Władysław 4-sè Waza, Pho-lân Lietuva kun-chú. Pho-lân Kok-ông. 1595 nî chhut-sì.
* 8 goe̍h 18 ji̍t: Ibrahim 1-sè, Osman Tè-kok chèng-tī-chiá. Osman Tè-kok ê Sultan. 1615 nî chhut-sì.

### Bô ji̍t-kî

* Nguyễn Phúc Lan, Oa̍t-lâm lâng. 1601 nî chhut-sì.

## Ji̍t-chì

| 1648 nî (Gregorius Le̍k-hoat) |
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| 1 goe̍h | 2 goe̍h | 3 goe̍h |
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## Chham-khó chu-liāu