# Tōng-bu̍t

| ?Tōng-bu̍t |
| --- |
|  |
| Chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t, chiáu-á, lióng-chhe tōng-bu̍t, kî-thaⁿ. |
| Hoà-chio̍h hoān-ûi |
| Late Neoproterozoic - Recent |
| **Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k hun-lūi** |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| He̍k: | Eukaryota  |
| Kài: | **Animalia** Linnaeus, 1758 |

 |

**Tōng-bu̍t** (Hàn-jī: 動物) sī chi̍t lūi seng-bu̍t ê miâ, sio̍k-î **Tōng-bu̍t-kài** (Hàn-jī: 動物界; Ha̍k-miâ: Animalia). In ū-hoat-tō· tín-tāng, m̄-koh bô chhiūⁿ si̍t-bu̍t ū châi-tiāu lī-iōng kng lâi ha̍p-sêng chia̍h-mi̍h (kng-ha̍p-sêng chok-iōng, *photosynthesis*); in su-iàu siau-hoà pa̍t-ê seng-bu̍t chiah ē-tàng seng-chûn--lo̍h-khì.

Thong-sio̍k gí-giân it-poaⁿ kā jîn-lūi pâi-tû tī tōng-bu̍t-lūi chi gōa. Tōng-bu̍t mā tiāⁿ iōng lâi chò cheng-siⁿ ê tông-gī-sû. Chóng-sī tùi seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ê koan-tiám lâi khoàⁿ, lâng mā sī 1 chióng tōng-bu̍t.

## Te̍k-teng

Tōng-bu̍t lóng sī to-sè-pau chin-hu̍t seng-bu̍t. Tōa-to-sò͘ ê tōng-bu̍t lóng sī ī-êng seng-bu̍t, chió-sò͘ tōng-bu̍t ē-sái chìn-hêng bô-sng-sò͘ ho͘-khip, che kah ē kng-chū-êng seng-bu̍t (si̍t-bu̍t, chò-lūi) oân-á bô-kâng. Tōng-bu̍t tī i sìⁿ-miā chiu-kî ê mó͘-chi̍t-ê khám-chām ū ūn-tōng-sèng. Tōa-tō͘-sò͘ tōng-bu̍t ê phoe-thai hoat-io̍k tiong ū phoe-pau-kî. Keng-kòe phoe-pau-kî, sè-pau ē hun-hòa chò bô-kâng ê cho͘-chit kap khì-koan.

## To-iūⁿ-sèng

| Mn̂g | Example | Chéng ê sò͘-liōng | Lio̍k-seng | Hái-seng | Tām-chúi | To̍k-li̍p seng-oa̍h | Kià-seⁿ |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Khoân-chat tōng-bu̍t** |  | 17,000 | Sī (thô͘) | Sī | 1,750 | Sī | 400 |
| **Chat-kha tōng-bu̍t** |  | 1,257,000 | 1,000,000
(insects) | >40,000
(Malac-
ostraca) | 94,000 | Sī | >45,000 |
| **Gōa-kong tōng-bu̍t** |  | 6,000 |  | Sī | 60–80 | Sī |  |
| **Chek-soh tōng-bu̍t** |  | >70,000 | 23,000 | 13,000 | 18,000
9,000 | Sī | 40
(catfish) |
| **Chhì-pau tōng-bu̍t** |  | 16,000 |  | Sī | Yes (few) | Sī | >1,350
(Myxozoa) |
| **Kek-phôe tōng-bu̍t** |  | 7,500 |  | 7,500 |  | Sī |  |
| **Nńg-thé tōng-bu̍t** |  | 85,000
107,000 | 35,000 | 60,000 | 5,000
12,000 | Sī | >5,600 |
| **Sòaⁿ-thâng** |  | 25,000 | Sī (thô͘) | 4,000 | 2,000 | 11,000 | 14,000 |
| **Píⁿ-hêng tōng-bu̍t** |  | 29,500 | Sī | Sī | 1,300 | Sī

3,000–6,500 | >40,000

4,000–25,000 |
| **Lián-á-thâng** |  | 2,000 |  | >400 | 2,000 | Sī |  |
| Hái-mî tōng-bu̍t |  | 10,800 |  | Sī | 200-300 | Sī | Sī |
| 2013 nî ū kì-lio̍k ê hiān-chûn bu̍t-chèng chóng-siàu: 1,525,728 |

## Hoat-seng-ha̍k

Tōng-bu̍t sī chi̍t ê tan-hē-thóng, ū kiōng-tông chó͘-sian. In kah niá-piⁿ-mn̂g-thâng sī chí-mōe-kûn koan-hē. Ki-kûn sī hái-mî tōng-bu̍t, loa̍h-á-thē tōng-bu̍t, píⁿ-pôaⁿ tōng-bu̍t, chhì-pau tōng-bu̍t, chia-ê tōng-bu̍t sin-khu m̄ sī nn̄g-pêng tùi-thīn.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Choanozoa |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |
Niá-piⁿ-mn̂g-thâng tōng-bu̍t  |
|  |
| **Tōng-bu̍t** |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
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Chhek-seng (Hái-mî)  |
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| Chin-āu-seng |

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| --- | --- |
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Loa̍h-á-thē  |
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| ParaHoxozoa |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
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Píⁿ-pôaⁿ  |
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Chhì-pau  |
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 |
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| Nn̄g-pêng-tùi-thīn |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
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Ī-bô-khiuⁿ  |
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| Sīn-kńg |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Āu-kháu |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
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Chek-soh  |
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Pò͘-tōa  |
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 |
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| Goân-kháu |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Thǹg-phôe |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
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Scalidophora  |
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|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
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Hoàn-chat-kha  |
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Sòaⁿ-thâng  |
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 |
|  |

 |
| >529 mya |
| Kńg-lê |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Taⁿ-go̍k |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
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Lián-hêng kap kīn-chhin  |
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Mn̂g-go̍k  |
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 |
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| Píⁿ-thâng |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
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Píⁿ-hêng kap kīn-chhin  |
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| Koan-lûn |

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| --- | --- |
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Nńg-thé kap kīn-chhin  |
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Khoân-chat kap kīn-chhin  |
|  |

 |
| 550 mya |

 |
| 580 mya |

 |
|  |

 |
| 610 mya |

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| 650 mya |

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| Triploblasts |

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| 680 mya |

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|  |

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| 760 mya |

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| 950 mya |

### Hui-nn̄g-pêng-tùi-thīn tōng-bu̍t

### Nn̄g-pêng-tùi-thīn tōng-bu̍t

Nn̄g-pêng-tùi-thīn tōng-bu̍t ê sin-khu mô͘-hêng.
Ī-bô-khiuⁿ tōng-bu̍t sī nn̄g-pêng-tùi-thīn tōng-bu̍t ê ki-kûn.

#### Goân-kháu tōng-bu̍t kap Āu-kháu thong-bu̍t

Tú khai-sí hoat-io̍k ê sî, āu-kháu tōng-bu̍t ê phoe-pau ē hok-siā-sek li̍h-nn̄g, ah tōa-tō͘-sò͘ ê goân-kháu tōng-bu̍t (kńg-lê tōng-bu̍t) ē chìn-hêng kńg-lê-á-hêng li̍h-nn̄g. Chêng-kháu tōng-bu̍t kap āu-kháu thong-bu̍t lóng ū oân-chéng ê siau-hòa-tō, m̄-koh chêng-kháu tōng-bu̍t ê goân-tn̂g chi̍t-khai-sí ê **phoe-kang** (Eng-gí: blastobore) bóe-á ê hoat-io̍k chò i ê chhùi, tò-thâu hit bóe-liu ē hêng-sêng kong-bûn; ah āu-kháu tōng-bu̍t tú-hó tian-tò, in thâu-·á ê phoe-kang sī hoat-io̍k chò kong-bûn, tò-thâu seⁿ-chò chhùi.

Goân-kháu tōng-bu̍t (*Protostomes*, téng-koân) vs. Āu-kháu tōng-bu̍t (*Deuterostomes*, ē-kha)
## Tâi-oân ê tōng-bu̍t

* Chang-sui-niau (Phòng-bóe-bâ)
* Káu-chat-niau (Chhit-á,Chhàu-chhit-á,Siā-hiuⁿ)
* Pe̍h-phīⁿ-sim (O·-kha-hiuⁿ)

## Koan-hē bûn-chiuⁿ

* Tōng-bu̍t lia̍t-toaⁿ

## Chham-khó chu-liāu

Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: 使用群組名稱 "lower-alpha" 的 `<ref>` 標籤已存在，但查無對應的 `<references group="lower-alpha"/>` 標籤